Publications

Cao, L, Yu, PS, Zhang, C & Zhao, Y 2010, Domain Driven Data Mining, 1, Springer US, New York, USA.
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In the present thriving global economy a need has evolved for complex data analysis to enhance an organization's production systems, decision-making tactics, and performance. In turn, data mining has emerged as one of the most active areas in information technologies. Domain Driven Data Mining offers state-of the-art research and development outcomes on methodologies, techniques, approaches and successful applications in domain driven, actionable knowledge discovery. About this book: •Enhances the actionability and wider deployment of existing data-centered data mining through a combination of domain and business oriented factors, constraints and intelligence. •Examines real-world challenges to and complexities of the current KDD methodologies and techniques. •Details a paradigm shift from 'data-centered pattern mining' to 'domain driven actionable knowledge discovery' for next-generation KDD research and applications. •Bridges the gap between business expectations and research output through detailed exploration of the findings, thoughts and lessons learned in conducting several large-scale, real-world data mining business applications •Includes techniques, methodologies and case studies in real-life enterprise data mining •Addresses new areas such as blog mining Domain Driven Data Mining is suitable for researchers, practitioners and university students in the areas of data mining and knowledge discovery, knowledge engineering, human-computer interaction, artificial intelligence, intelligent information processing, decision support systems, knowledge management, and KDD project management. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010. All rights reserved.

Cetindamar, D, Phaal, R & Probert, D 2010, Technology Management, Macmillan Education UK.
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Eager, DM 2010, Dictionary of Acoustics and Noise Pollution, 1st, McGraw-Hill, Sydney, Australia.
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The Dictionary of Acoustics and Noise Pollution is a comprehensive assembly of terms and definitions with a particular emphasis on the engineering area of acoustics.

Hawryszkiewycz, I 2010, Knowledge Management, Macmillan Education UK.
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Ling, SS 2010, Genetic Algorithm and Variable Feed-Forward Neural Networks: Theory and Application, 1, Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany.
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This thesis focuses on the real-coded genetic algorithm and different topologies of feedforward neural networks. Results in the following areas will be reported: (1) a real-coded genetic algorithm with new crossover and mutation operations, and its applications; (2) three different topologies of variable feed-forward neural networks, and their applications to shortterm electric load forecasting in Hong Kong and hand~written graffiti recognition.

Ahmad, M, Dutkiewicz, E, Huang, X & Suaidi, M 2010, 'Cooperative MIMO Systems in Wireless Sensor Networks' in Radio Communications.

Azadeh, A, Rouzbahman, M & Saberi, M 2010, 'Advances in Human Factors, Ergonomics, and Safety in Manufacturing and Service Industries' in Karwowski, W & Salvendy, G (eds), Advances in Human Factors, Ergonomics, and Safety in Manufacturing and Service Industries, CRC Press, pp. 1222-1232.
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© 2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Researchers have been continuously trying to improve human performance with respect to HSE and ergonomics; hereafter referred to as HSEE. This study proposes a non-parametric efficiency frontier analysis method based on the adaptive neural network (ANN) technique for measuring job satisfaction among operators with respect to HSEE. ln order to conduct this review, we have distributed questionnaires to four working shifts' operators in a gas refinery in which we used variety of questions related to HSE and Ergonomics. We have used ANN to predict the efficiency of HSE and Ergonomics and ranked the efficiencies. It should be noted that work groups have been used to satisfy the importance of teamwork in HSE and Ergonomics systems. By this approach, we assume some work teams according to some principles such as education, age and similarity in nature of works. The main objective of this article was Utilization of adaptive neural network for teamwork assessment versus HSE and Ergonomics. After defining system's efficiency against different shifts operators and ranking them, we began analyzing the results inside working groups. At first, we compared performances of individuals with teams and reviewed the average of these two by using T-test. We then reviewed the performances of different work groups (teams) by using ANOVA F -test.

Childers, JL & Settle, TJ 2010, 'Developing higher education administrators' in Handbook of Engaged Scholarship, pp. 431-445.
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Today, developing and implementing an institutional strategy for engagement is vital for developing the capacity of the university to respond to the needs of its various publics, to educate the whole student, and to realize the potential and promise of its scholars and their impact on society. Core to developing, implementing, and institutionalizing this engagement plan is the development of university leaders for the twenty-first century which necessarily means enhancing the institutional capacity to engage with community partners and to support engaged scholars. To respond to these challenges, Virginia Tech developed a week-long Engagement Academy for University Leaders to help higher education institutions develop partnerships with key external stakeholders in conducting research, teaching, and public service or outreach that will benefit the public and enhance the institution, as well as its faculty, staff, and students. Academy members were selected through a competitive nomination and selection process. The participants learned and applied concepts of engagement and engaged scholarship to develop individualized plans for institutionalizing community engagement within their institutions. This program is supported by a national advisory group, three national associations, a team of national scholars of engagement, a university president serving as a mentor-in-residence, and the recipient of the 2007 C. Peter Magrath W. K. Kellogg Foundation Engagement Award, Virginia Tech. Results of the Academy evaluation (Dubinsky, 2008) indicate that the participants gained a greater understanding of the core competencies of engagement. © 2010 by Michigan State University Press. All rights reserved.

Coulin, C, Zowghi, D & Sahraoui, A-E-K 2010, 'MUSTER' in Advances in Computational Intelligence and Robotics, IGI Global, pp. 146-165.
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In this chapter they present a collaborative and situational tool called MUSTER, that has been specifically designed and developed for requirements elicitation workshops, and which utilizes, extends, and demonstrates a successful application of intelligent technologies for Computer Aided Software Engineering and Computer Aided Method Engineering. The primary objective of this tool is to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the requirements elicitation process for software systems development, whilst addressing some of the common issues often encountered in practice through the integration of intelligent technologies. The tool also offers an example of how a group support system, coupled with artificial intelligence, can be applied to very practical activities and situations within the software development process.

Coulin, CR, Zowghi, D & Sahraoui, A 2010, 'MUSTER: A Situational Tool for Requirements Elicitation' in Meziane, F & Vadera, S (eds), Artificial Intelligence Applications for Improved Software Engineering Development: New Prospects, Information Science Reference, United States of America, pp. 146-166.
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In this chapter they present a collaborative and situational tool called MUSTER, that has been specifically designed and developed for requirements elicitation workshops, and which utilizes, extends, and demonstrates a successful application of intelligent technologies for Computer Aided Software Engineering and Computer Aided Method Engineering. The primary objective of this tool is to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the requirements elicitation process for software systems development, whilst addressing some of the common issues often encountered in practice through the integration of intelligent technologies. The tool also offers an example of how a group support system, coupled with artificial intelligence, can be applied to very practical activities and situations within the software development process.

Crowdy, D & Evans, M 2010, 'Introduction' in Holst, HV, Nguyen, H & Wikander, J (eds), Innovation Driven Research Education, Equinox Publishing, Sweden, pp. 5-6.
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Introduction to Volume 11.1

Csonka, PJ & Waldron, KJ 2010, 'Static and Dynamic Maneuvers With a Tendon-Coupled Biped Robot' in ROMANSY 18 Robot Design, Dynamics and Control, Springer Vienna, pp. 265-272.
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© 2010, CISM, Udine. Bipedal robots have generally either been designed for static motions or dynamic maneuvers, but the ability for operation in the real world in both realms is becoming increasingly relevant. In this work we explain the abilities of a human scale bipedal robot with tendon-coupled knee and ankle joints that is able to balance, step, hop and run several steps in a two dimensional plane.

Gervasi, V & Zowghi, D 2010, 'On the Role of Ambiguity in RE' in Wieringa, R & Persson, A (eds), Lecture Notes in Computer Science 6182 - Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality, Springer, Germany, pp. 248-254.
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[Context and motivation] Ambiguity has long been pictured as one of the worst enemies of the specifier, especially with reference to ambiguity in natural language (NL) requirements specifications. [Question/problem] In this paper, we investigate the nature of ambiguity, and [Principal ideas/result] advocate that the simplistic view of ambiguity as merely a âdefect❠that has to be avoided at all costs does not do justice to the complexity of this phenomenon. We also provide a finer classification of several types of ambiguities, distinguishing their different causes and effects in the development process. [Contribution] This better understanding can help in the analysis of practical experiences and in the design of more effective methods to detect, mark and handle ambiguity.

Guo, W, Xu, C, Ma, S & Xu, M 2010, 'Visual Attention Based Motion Object Detection and Trajectory Tracking' in Qiu, G, Lam, KM, Kiya, H, Xue, XY, Kuo, CCJ & Lew, MS (eds), Advances in Multimedia Information Processing - PCM 2010, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 462-470.
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A motion trajectory tracking method using a novel visual attention model and kernel density estimation is proposed in this paper. As a crucial step, moving objects detection is based on visual attention. The visual attention model is built by combination of the static and motion feature attention map and a Karhunen-Loeve transform (KLT) distribution map. Since the visual attention analysis is conducted on object level instead of pixel level, the proposed method can detect any kinds of motion objects provided saliency without the affection of objects appearance and surrounding circumstance. After locating the region of moving object, the kernel density is estimated for trajectory tracking. The experimental results show that the proposed method is promising for moving objects detection and trajectory tracking. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.

Hawryszkiewycz, I 2010, 'A Framework for Maintaining Socio-technical Balance during the Evolution of Complex Systems' in Camarinha-Matos, LM, Boucher, X & Afsarmanesh, H (eds), IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 81-87.
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Distributed systems are growing increasingly complex in the sense that they need to reorganize on a regular basis to respond to external opportunities. At the same time research has shown that performance is improved where technology support is aligned to peopleâs activities within the system. This paper provides a framework for ensuring that such alignment is maintained during system evolution. The paper first defines the nature of change using complexity theory as the foundation for defining the nature of change. It then builds on the idea of socio-technical gaps to identify the gaps created by a change. The changes are then outlined in terms of perspectives to provide a systematic basis for managing change. To do this change is expressed in terms of the perspectives to provide a meaningful way to respond to change.

Hawryszkiewycz, I 2010, 'Designing Collaborative Infrastructures to get Business Value from Collaboration in Large Scale Networks' in Malgorzata Pankowska (ed), Infonomics for Distributed Business and Decision-Making Environments, IGI Global, Hershey, Pensylvania, pp. 249-261.
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Collaboration is playing an increasing role in business especially given an increase in business networking. Such networks are formed to gain business advantage by combining expertise from many businesses or organizational units to quickly create new and competitive products and services. Most processes in business networks now consist of a number of activities whose processes must be coordinated to reach enterprises goals. This chapter addresses ways of supporting such activities using technology and proposes a collaboration infrastructure that encourages collaboration and sharing of knowledge across the activities.

Hawryszkiewycz, IT 2010, 'Perspectives for Integrating Knowledge and Business Processes through Collaboration' in Bider, I, Halpin, T, Krogstie, J, Nurcan, S, Proper, E, Schmidt, R & Ukor, R (eds), Enterprise, Business-Process and Information Systems Modeling, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 82-93.
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Collaboration is now playing a greater role in business processes, where knowledge workers leverage knowledge to develop innovative products and services. Such business processes go beyond the goal of simply achieving a well defined outcome at minimum cost using well defined tasks. They place more emphasis on collaboration and knowledge sharing and ways to change processes as collaboration evolves. The paper calls for greater emphasis on perspectives other than process flow in process design. These are knowledge, social structure, business activity, organization and technology. The paper describes process design ways to combine these perspectives into a holistic model and converting the model a collaborative infrastructure that allows users to align collaborative technologies to their collaboration.

Hawryszkiewycz, IT 2010, 'Process Modeling Semantics for Complex Business Environments' in Janssen, M, Lamersdorf, W, Pries-Heje, J & Rosemann, M (eds), E-Government, E-Services and Global Processes, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 155-166.
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Process management is becoming more complex especially when business units work together to create new systems constructed from many components. The complexity arises both from the growing number of components and relationships as well as continual changes in product requirements and business arrangements. The complexity impacts on process management as support systems are needed to provide the communications and coordination to support the complex relationships and their continuing change. This paper proposes a systematic way to model such processes by developing the semantics to describe complex processes in meaningful ways. The semantics include perspectives other than those found in process flows to provide a more meaningful way to describe and model complex processes. The paper then outlines ways to convert the models to lightweight platforms that directly support the modeling concepts. The paper shows the application to complex tendering processes, which many of which now require greater flexibility and collaboration.

Jupp, J & Gero, J 2010, 'Let’s Look at Style: Visual and Spatial Representation and Reasoning in Design' in Argamon, S, Burns, K & Dubnov, S (eds), The Structure of Style, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 159-195.
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This chapter explores the perception and modeling of style in design relating to visuo-spatial representation and reasoning. We approach this subject via cognitive and contextual considerations significant to the role of style during designing. A designer's ability to represent and reason about design artifacts visually and spatially allows meaningful 'chunks' of design information to be utilized relative to the designer's task and context. Central to cognitive and contextual notions of style are two issues, namely the level of semantic interpretation, and the comparative method's degree of contextual sensitivity. This compound problem requires some explicit and cognitively plausible ordering principle and adaptive measure capable of allowing for dependencies in reasoning about similarities. This chapter first investigates the perception of style in relation to these modeling requirements before demonstrating and testing their implementation. We then discuss style in relation to design tasks and how they can be supported via the classification and retrieval of designs from large databases of visuo spatial information.

Kang, K 2010, 'Considering Culture in Designing Web Based E-commerce' in Kyeong Kang (ed), E-Commerce, In-Tech, Vukovar, Croatia, pp. 99-111.
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This chapter presents investigation of global e-commerce sites, describing methods for understanding cultural issues in designing web based e-commerce sites. The author attempted to show how culture affected the features of the sites, and how these features might be adapted other cultures, through examples presented in the chapter. The chapter focuses on popular design features in web interfaces of global e-commerce sites and differences arising from design in different country sites.

Kutay, CM 2010, 'Issues for Australian Indigenous Cultures Online' in Handbook of Research on Culturally-Aware Information Technology: Perspectives and Models Perspectives and Models, IGI Global, pp. 323-338.
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FUTURE TRENDS As new technologies are developed, it is important that possible extension to novel uses by Indigenous communities be considered. This belies the classical assumption that the road to technological ownership is straight ...

Kutay, CM, Fisher, G & Green, R 2010, 'Flexible IT resources for community language reclamation in culturally appropriate contexts' in Re-awakening Languages Theory and Practice in the Revitalisation of Australia's Indigenous Languages, Sydney University Press, pp. 323-338.
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Howitt,A.W 374,377–78,396 Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) 317–18, 340 I Indigenous Community Volunteers 135 Indigenous Knowledge Centres (IKCs) 352,356 Indigenous language rights 3, 7–8, 11, 16–18, 126, 136, 257, 363, 366 ...

Leaney, J & Parakhine, A 2010, 'Guiding Complex Design Optimisation Using Bayesian Networks' in Bayesian Network, Sciyo.
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Lu, N, Zhang, G & Lu, J 2010, 'Detecting Change via Competence Model' in Goebel, R, Siekmann, JR, Wahlster, W, Bichindaritz, I & Montani, S (eds), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 6176 - Case-Based Reasoning, Springer, Germany, pp. 201-212.
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In real world applications, interested concepts are more likely to change rather than remain stable, which is known as concept drift. This situation causes problems on predictions for many learning algorithms including case-base reasoning (CBR). When learning under concept drift, a critical issue is to identify and determine âwhen❠and âhow❠the concept changes. In this paper, we developed a competence-based empirical distance between case chunks and then proposed a change detection method based on it. As a main contribution of our work, the change detection method provides an approach to measure the distribution change of cases of an infinite domain through finite samples and requires no prior knowledge about the case distribution, which makes it more practical in real world applications. Also, different from many other change detection methods, we not only detect the change of concepts but also quantify and describe this change.

Luo, C, Zhao, Y, Luo, D, Ou, Y & Liu, L 2010, 'Recent Advances of Exception Mining in Stock Market' in Pedro Furtado (ed), Evolving Application Domains of Data Warehousing and Mining, IGI Global, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 212-232.
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This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive survey of the current advanced technologies of exception mining in stock market. The stock market surveillance is to identify market anomalies so as to provide a fair and efficient trading platform. The technologies of market surveillance developed from simple statistical rules to more advanced technologies, such as data mining and artificial intelligent. This chapter provides the basic concepts of exception mining in stock market. Then the recent advances of exception mining in this domain are presented and the key issues are discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of the advanced technologies are analyzed. Furthermore, our model of OMM (Outlier Mining on Multiple time series) is introduced. Finally, this chapter points out the future research directions and related issues in reality.

Maurya, D, Sultana, Y & Kalam, M 2010, 'Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems' in Colloids in Drug Delivery, CRC Press, pp. 299-310.
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Nanda, P & He, X 2010, 'Scalable Internet Architecture Supporting Quality of Service (QoS)' in etal, KCL (ed), Handbook of Research on Scalable Computing Technologies, IGI Global, USA, pp. 739-759.
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The evolution of Internet and its successful technologies has brought a tremendous growth in business, education, research etc. over the last four decades. With the dramatic advances in multimedia technologies and the increasing popularity of real-time applications, recently Quality of Service (QoS) support in the Internet has been in great demand. Deployment of such applications over the Internet in recent years, and the trend to manage them efficiently with a desired QoS in mind, researchers have been trying for a major shift from its Best Effort (BE) model to a service oriented model. Such efforts have resulted in Integrated Services (Intserv), Differentiated Services (Diffserv), Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS), Policy Based Networking (PBN) and many more technologies. But the reality is that such models have been implemented only in certain areas in the Internet not everywhere and many of them also faces scalability problem while dealing with huge number of traffic flows with varied priority levels in the Internet. As a result, an architecture addressing scalability problem and satisfying end-to-end QoS still remains a big issue in the Internet. In this chapter the authors propose a policy based architecture which they believe can achieve scalability while offering end to end QoS in the Internet.

Purba, JH, Lu, J, Ruan, D & Zhang, G 2010, 'A Hybrid Approach for Fault Tree Analysis Combining Probabilistic Method with Fuzzy Numbers' in Rutkowski, L, Scherer, R, Tadeusiewicz, R, Zadeh, LA & Zurada, JM (eds), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 6113 - Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing ICAISC 20, Springer, Germany, pp. 194-+.
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Conventional fault tree analysis in safety analysis of complex engineering systems calculates the occurrence probability of the top undesired event using probabilistic failure rates. However, it is often very difficult to obtain those failure rates well in advance due to insufficient data, environment changing or new components. Fuzzy numbers can be applied to estimate failure rates by handling linguistic terms. This study proposes a hybrid approach of Fuzzy Numbers and Fault Tree Analysis to solve the conventional problem and describes its procedures using a case study of emergency core cooling system of a typical nuclear power plant. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.

Raad, I & Huang, X 2010, 'A New Approach to BSOFDM - Parallel Concatenated Spreading Matrices OFDM' in Fourth-Generation Wireless Networks: Applications and Innovations.

Raja, S, Stuart, BH, Thomas, P & O'Brien, C 2010, 'Pyrolysis gas chromatography - mass spectrometry analysis for the estimation of pig bone age for forensic application' in Vieira, DN, Busuttil, A, Cusach, D & Beth, P (eds), Acta Medicinae Legalis et Socialis, Coimbra University Press, Coimbra, Portugal, pp. 11-14.
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The potential of pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GCMS ) as a tool for the estimation of post-mortem age of bones has been investigated. Pig bone specimens prepared under controlled burial conditions in soil were studied and the post-mortem ages ranged from 3 to 48 months. Notable differences were observed in the data produced for younger bone specimens (<1 year) compared to specimens of greater post-mortem age (>1 year). Py-GCMS also demonstrates a relationship of particular peak ratios with the age of bones. The ratios of peaks in the pyrograms were examined and it was demonstrated that the ratios of certain pairs of peaks increase as the bone age increases.

Riduan, M, Dutkiewicz, E, Huang, X & Kadim, M 2010, 'Optimal Cooperative MIMO Scheme in Wireless Sensor Networks' in Radio Communications, InTech.
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Seiler, K, Singh, SPN & Durrant-Whyte, H 2010, 'Using Lie Group Symmetries for Fast Corrective Motion Planning' in Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 37-52.
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Silverman, BG, Bharathy, GK, Nye, B, Kim, GJ, Roddy, M & Poe, M 2010, 'M&S Methodologies: A Systems Approach to the Social Sciences' in Modeling and Simulation Fundamentals, Wiley, pp. 227-270.
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Silverman, BG, Bharathy, GK, Nye, B, Kim, GJ, Roddy, M & Poe, M 2010, 'M&S Methodologies: A Systems Approach to the Social Sciences' in Modeling and Simulation Fundamentals: Theoretical Underpinnings and Practical Domains, pp. 227-270.
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Tran, TP, Tsai, PC, Jan, T & Kong, X 2010, 'Network Intrusion Detection using Multi- expert Classification and Voting Techniques' in Yagang Zhang (ed), Machines Learning, In-Tech Education and Publishing, Vienna, Austria, pp. 267-290.
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As the result of recent advent and rapid growth of the Internet, there have been an increasing number of corporations relying on computers and networks for communications and critical business transactions. Because of the network complexity and advanced hacking techniques, such reliance on computer networks often presents unanticipated risks and vulnerabilities. A huge volume of attacks on major sites and networks have been recently reported including those of private companies, government agencies and even military classified networks. Therefore, it is important to deploy protection measures for networks and their services from unauthorized modification, destruction, or disclosure of sensitive information. Intrusion detection systems (IDS) have emerged as an important part of todays network security infrastructure which can monitor the network traffic and detect possible attacks. Currently existing IDS suffer from low detection accuracy and system robustness for new and rare security breaches.

Tsai, P, Phuoc, T & Cao, L 2010, 'A New Multimodal Biometric for Personal Identification' in Herout, A (ed), Pattern Recognition Recent Advances, InTech, pp. 341-366.
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van den Hoven, E 2010, 'Designing for memories' in Skalska, S (ed), TREND BOOK 2010 DUTCH DESIGN WEEK EINDHOVEN/HELSINKI DESIGN WEEK, Dutch Design Week, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, pp. 27-27.
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Where would we be without our personal memories? We use them to maintain our personal identities, to start and media relationships, to shape our likes, dislikes, to regulate our moods and to solve problems. They allow us to share rich life experiences and tell our stories to family and friends. There is no question about the importance of the memories of the events that happen in our lives. As more and more media become digital (whether these be photos, videos/audio snippets, olfactory or haptic cues), new ways of cueing our memory our emerging. My design research focuses on ordinary people using digital media to help them remember everyday situations. For example, by using digital photos to facilitate communication between parents and teens, organizing digital photo collections through smart interactive photo collages, but also by supporting mourners remembering a loved one.

van Schaik, A, Hamilton, TJ & Jin, C 2010, 'Silicon Models of the Auditory Pathway' in Computational Models of the Auditory System, Springer US, pp. 261-276.
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Wu, Q & He, X 2010, 'Image Partitioning on Spiral Architecture' in etal, KCL (ed), Handbook of Research on Scalable Computing Technologies, IGI Global, USA, pp. 808-840.
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Spiral Architecture is a relatively new and powerful approach to image processing. It contains very useful geometric and algebraic properties. Based on the abundant research achievements in the past decades, it is shown that Spiral Architecture will play an increasingly important role in image processing and computer vision. This chapter presents a significant application of Spiral Architecture for distributed image processing. It demonstrates the impressive characteristics of spiral architecture for high performance image processing. The proposed method tackles several challenging practical problems during the implementation. The proposed method reduces the data communication between the processing nodes and is configurable. Moreover, the proposed partitioning scheme has a consistent approach: after image partitioning each sub-image should be a representative of the original one without changing the basic object, which is important to the related image processing operations.

Xu, M, He, X, Jin, JS, Peng, Y, Xu, C & Guo, W 2010, 'Using Scripts for Affective Content Retrieval' in Qiu, G, Lam, KM, Kiya, H, Xue, XY, Kuo, CCJ & Lew, MS (eds), Advances in Multimedia Information Processing - PCM 2010, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 43-51.
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Movie affective content analysis attracts increasing research efforts since affective content not only affect users attentions but also locate movie highlights. However, affective content retrieval is still a challenging task due to the limitation of affective features in movies. Scripts provide direct access to the movie content and represent affective aspects of the movie. In this paper, we utilize scripts as an important clue to retrieve video affective content. The proposed approach includes two main steps. Firstly, affective script partitions are extracted by detecting emotional words. Secondly, affective partitions are validated by using visual and auditory features. The results are encouraging and compared with the manually labelled ground truth. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.

Zhang, G, Zhang, G, Gao, Y & Lu, J 2010, 'Evolutionary ComputationMethods for Fuzzy Decision Making on Load Dispatch Problems' in Da Ruan (ed), Computational Intelligence in Complex Decision Systems, Atlantis Press, Paris, France, pp. 301-323.
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This chapter introduces basic concepts relating to a day-ahead market in a power system. A load dispatch model considers a ramp rate and valve-point-loading effects. An environment/economic load dispatch model is presented to handle uncertainty factors. The model provides theoretical foundations for the research on operations and decision making in the electric power market. To solve load dispatch problems from day-ahead markets in power systems, a hybrid evolutionary computation method with a quasi-simplex technique, a weight point method for multi-objective programming, and a fuzzy-number-ranking-based optimization method for fuzzy multi-objective non-linear programming are developed.

Zhang, H, Zhao, Y, Cao, L, Zhang, C & Bohlscheid, H 2010, 'Rare Class Association Rule Mining with Multiple Imbalanced Attributes' in Koh, YS & Rountree, N (eds), Rare Association Rule Mining and Knowledge Discovery, IGI Global, Hershey, Pennsylvania, pp. 66-75.
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In this chapter, the authors propose a novel framework for rare class association rule mining. In each class association rule, the right-hand is a target class while the left-hand may contain one or more attributes. This algorithm is focused on the multiple imbalanced attributes on the left-hand. In the proposed framework, the rules with and without imbalanced attributes are processed in parallel. The rules without imbalanced attributes are mined through a standard algorithm while the rules with imbalanced attributes are mined based on newly defined measurements. Through simple transformation, these measurements can be in a uniform space so that only a few parameters need to be specified by user. In the case study, the proposed algorithm is applied in the social security field. Although some attributes are severely imbalanced, rules with a minority of imbalanced attributes have been mined efficiently.

Zhou, JL & Zhang, Z 2010, 'Analysis of Hormones in Food' in Nollet, LML (ed), Analysis of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Food, Wiley, Iowa, pp. 243-254.
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-, JL, -, DP, -, HH, -, LG & -, XZ 2010, 'Analyzing Triggers in XML Data Integration Systems', International Journal of Digital Content Technology and its Applications, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 38-45.
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Abdul, JM, Vigneswaran, S, Shim, WG & Kandasamy, J 2010, 'Removal of metsulfuron methyl by granular activated carbon adsorption', Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 21, no. 1-3, pp. 247-254.
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The removal of metsulfuron methyl (MSM) from aqueous solution (a sulfonyl urea herbicide) was investigated by adsorption both in batch and fixed bed processes. Coal based granular activated carbon (GAC) was used as an adsorbent. The adsorption equilibrium, isotherms and kinetics of MSM were studied and the data was fitted into various mathematical models. The adsorption equilibrium was fitted by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Homogeneous surface diffusion model (HSDM) kinetic equation with Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm model was successfully applied to predict the adsorption kinetics data for various concentrations of MSM. The average mass transfer coefficients (kf) were 2.125 105 and 2.198 105 m/s with the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm model, respectively. The Bohart-Adams, Thomas, and Yoon and Nelson empirical models were attempted to fit long term column adsorption data. Overall, the Thomas model was found to best simulate the fixed bed adsorption of MSM.

Abry, P, Borgnat, P, Ricciato, F, Scherrer, A & Veitch, D 2010, 'Revisiting an old friend: on the observability of the relation between long range dependence and heavy tail', Telecommunication Systems, vol. 43, no. 3-4, pp. 147-165.
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Adistambha, K, Davis, SJ, Ritz, CH & Burnett, IS 2010, 'Efficient multimedia query-by-content from mobile devices', COMPUTERS & ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 626-642.
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Agrawal, A, Kejalakshmy, N, Rahman, BMA & Grattan, KTV 2010, 'Polarization and dispersion properties of elliptical hole golden spiral photonic crystal fiber', Applied Physics B, vol. 99, no. 4, pp. 717-726.
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Al Amri, H, Abolhasan, M & Wysocki, T 2010, 'Scalability of MANET routing protocols for heterogeneous and homogenous networks', COMPUTERS & ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 752-765.
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In Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET), mobility, traffic and node density are main network conditions that significantly affect performance of routing protocols. Much of the previous research in MANET routing have focused on developing strategies, which suit one specific networking scenario. Therefore, there is no existing protocol that can work well in all different networking scenarios. This paper reviews characteristics of several different classes of routing protocols. Moreover, most of current routing protocols assume homogeneous networking conditions where all nodes have the same capabilities and resources. This paper presents extensive studies simulations for DSR, AODV, LAR1, FSR and WRP in homogenous and heterogeneous networks that consist of different nodes with different resources. The results showed that while all protocols perform reasonably well in homogenous networking conditions, their performance suffer significantly over heterogonous networks.

Alavi, AH, Gandomi, AH & Gandomi, M 2010, 'Comment on ‘Sivapragasam C, Maheswaran R, Venkatesh V. 2008. Genetic programming approach for flood routing in natural channels. Hydrological Processes 22: 623–628’', Hydrological Processes, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 798-799.
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Alavi, AH, Gandomi, AH & Heshmati, AAR 2010, 'Discussion on “Soft computing approach for real-time estimation of missing wave heights” by S.N. Londhe [Ocean Engineering 35 (2008) 1080–1089]', Ocean Engineering, vol. 37, no. 13, pp. 1239-1240.
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Alavi, AH, Gandomi, AH, Mousavi, M & Mollahasani, A 2010, 'High-precision modeling of uplift capacity of suction caissons using a hybrid computational method', Geomechanics and Engineering, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 253-280.
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Alavi, AH, Gandomi, AH, Sahab, MG & Gandomi, M 2010, 'Multi expression programming: a new approach to formulation of soil classification', Engineering with Computers, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 111-118.
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Alexander, K, Eager, D, Scarrott, C & Sushinsky, G 2010, 'Effectiveness of pads and enclosures as safety interventions on consumer trampolines', Injury Prevention, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 185-189.
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Background Trampolines continue to be a major source of childhood injury. Objective To examine available data on trampoline injuries in order to determine the effectiveness of padding and enclosures. Design Trampoline injuries from the NEISS database from 2002 to 2007 were reclassified into five cause-categories, to examine evidence for injury trends. Setting The ASTM trampoline standard recommendations for safety padding were upgraded in 1999 and enclosures were introduced in 1997. This is the first study to examine the impact of these changes. Patients The sampling frame comprises patients with NEISS product code 'consumer trampolines' (1233). A systematic sample of 360 patients each year is taken. Interventions The prominent interventions recommended by the ASTM are netting enclosures to prevent falling off and safety padding to cover frames and springs. Main outcome measures Proportion of injuries within each cause-category and trend estimates. Results There was no evidence for a decline within the injury cause-categories that should be prevented by these interventions from 2002 to 2007. Conclusions If these interventions were effective the associated injury causes would be in decline. Instead they remain close to half of all trampoline injuries with no significant change over the period of the study. Follow-up studies are proposed to determine the reasons. Given the number of injuries involved it is recommended that steps be taken to ensure these safety interventions or their equivalents are in place, work properly and remain effective for the life of consumer trampolines.

Al‐Hajjar, M, Leslie, IJ, Tipper, J, Williams, S, Fisher, J & Jennings, LM 2010, 'Effect of cup inclination angle during microseparation and rim loading on the wear of BIOLOX® delta ceramic‐on‐ceramic total hip replacement', Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials, vol. 95B, no. 2, pp. 263-268.
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AbstractCeramic‐on‐ceramic (CoC) bearings in total hip replacements (THRs) have shown low wear volumes under standard gait in hip simulator studies. However, clinical reports have indicated variations in wear rates and formation of stripe‐like wear area on the ceramic femoral heads. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of cup inclination angle and microseparation on the wear of CoC bearings in THRs. The six station Leeds II Physiological Anatomical Joint Simulator was used to investigate the wear of 28 mm diameter alumina matrix composite ceramic bearings (BIOLOX®delta). It was shown that increasing the cup inclination angle from 55o to 65o had no significant effect on the wear rate of BIOLOX®delta CoC under both standard gait and microseparation conditions in this in vitro study. Under standard gait conditions, the mean wear rate for both cup inclination angle conditions was very low at 0.05 mm3/million cycles. The introduction of microseparation to the standard gait cycle increased the mean wear rates to 0.13 mm3/million cycles for the cup inclination angle of 55o and 0.11 mm3/million cycles for that of 65°. The level of increased wear with microseparation was not dependent on cup angle. A stripe of wear on the head also formed, with corresponding superior rim wear on the cup. The wear rates obtained were low compared to the HIPed third generation alumina ceramic (BIOLOX®forte) tested under the same adverse conditions (1.84 mm3/million cycles). BIOLOX®delta has shown lower wear than previous ceramic materials used in ...

Aljibori, HSS, Chong, WP, Mahlia, TMI, Chong, WT, Edi, P, Al-qrimli, H, Anjum, I & Zahari, R 2010, 'Load–displacement behavior of glass fiber/epoxy composite plates with circular cut-outs subjected to compressive load', Materials & Design, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 466-474.
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Al-Mahmoud, F, Castel, A, François, R & Tourneur, C 2010, 'RC beams strengthened with NSM CFRP rods and modeling of peeling-off failure', Composite Structures, vol. 92, no. 8, pp. 1920-1930.
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Anandagopu, P, Banu, S & Li, J 2010, 'Low thymine content in PINK1 mRNAs and insights into Parkinson’s disease', Bioinformation, vol. 4, no. 10, pp. 452-455.
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Thymine is the only nucleotide base which is changed to uracil upon transcription, leaving mRNA less hydrophobic compared to its DNA counterpart. All the 16 codons that contain uracil (or thymine in gene) as the second nucleotide code for the five large hydrophobic residues (LHRs), namely phenylalanine,v isoleucine, leucine, methionine and valine. Thymine content (i.e. the fraction of XTX codons, where X = A, C, G, or T) in PINK1 mRNA sequences and its relationship with protein stability and function are the focus of this work. This analysis will shed light on PINK1's stability, thus a clue can be provided to understand the mitochondrial dysfunction and the failure of oxidative stress control frequently observed in Parkinson's disease. We obtained the complete PINK1 mRNA sequences of 8 different species. The distributions of XTX codons in different frames are calculated. We observed that the thymine content reached the highest level in the coding frame 1 of the PINK1 mRNA sequence of Bos Taurus (Bt), that is peaked at 27%. Coding frame 1 containing low thymine leads to the reduction in LHRs in the corresponding proteins. Therefore, we conjecture that proteins from the other organisms, including Homo sapiens, lost some of their hydrophobicity and became susceptible to dysfunction. Genes such as PINK1 have reduced thymine in the evolutionary process thereby making their protein products potentially being susceptible to instability and causing disease. Adding more hydrophobic residues (thymine) at appropriate places might help conserve important biological functions.

Anbazhagan, P, Indraratna, B, Rujikiatkamjorn, C & Su, L 2010, 'Using a seismic survey to measure the shear modulus of clean and fouled ballast', Geomechanics and Geoengineering, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 117-126.
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In this paper a first time attempt has been made to measure the low strain shear modulus of clean and fouled ballast using a seismic survey of Multi-channel Analysis of Surface Wave (MASW). A model rail track was built with nine sub-sections, each having different fouling characteristics. MASW survey was performed in the top of each section of ballast and shear wave velocity was measured. The shear modulus of ballast fouled by pulverized rock, clayey sand and coal was calculated by using shear wave velocities and densities of each section and presented. The optimum and critical fouling points are defined considering the shear stiffness and drainage criteria for ballast fouled by clayey sand and coal. In both cases the shear stiffness increased to a maximum and then decreased as the percentage of fouling increased. The degree of fouling corresponding to the maximum shear wave velocity is defined as the optimum fouling point. After a particular degree of fouling the shear stiffness decreased less than clean ballast and the corresponding drainage condition become unacceptable. This point is defined as the critical fouling point. The results obtained from the model track were compared with the field data. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.

Anvari, M, Saidi Mehrabad, M, Azadeh, A & Saberi, M 2010, 'Performance assessment of decision-making units using an adaptive neural network algorithm: one period case', The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 46, no. 9-12, pp. 1059-1069.
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Aryal, R, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J & Naidu, R 2010, 'Urban stormwater quality and treatment', Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 1343-1359.
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Stormwater runoff from urban and suburban areas generates numerous pollutants. The areas include residential areas, parks, commercial areas, industrial areas and road/highways. Land use and human activities largely determine the nature and level of pollutants. Among the various types of pollutants that can contribute to adverse water quality impact in receiving water bodies, of concern are suspended solids, heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nutrients. This paper provides a critical review of the characteristics and sources of urban stormwater pollutants and the manner in which the pollution occurs. Treatment systems for urban stormwater runoff and for urban stormwater harvesting are discussed.

Aryal, R, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J, Baral, B & Grasmick, A 2010, 'Influence of aeration and permeate flux on deposition of particulates on membrane surface', Water Supply, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 979-986.
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In microfiltration, a deposit of foulant tends to form on the membrane surface and this usually controls the performance of the filtration process. This paper discusses the influence of physical parameters such as aeration and permeates flux on migration and deposition of above micron particles on the membrane surface. Kaolin clay suspension of particle 3.7–8 μm with mean particle diameter 4.1 μm was used in this study. Equal amount of mass of deposited particles on the membrane surface created different transmembrane pressure (TMP) when operated at different aeration rates and permeate flux showing that there is a composite effect. The particle deposition rate at the beginning at lower flux was almost linear which changed to a sharp logarithamic rise at higher flux. The difference in TMP rise for the same amount of deposit demonstrated the selective nature of particle deposition. The mass of the particle deposition on the membrane surface could be described by two parameters: maximum deposition and time using a simple empirical logarithamic equation y=k/[1+exp(b−at)], where k, a, and b are constant; y is the particulate mass deposit (g/m2) and t is the time. The maximum particle mass deposition growth could be described by the equation dy/dt=1/4ka.

Aryal, RK, Vigneswaran, S & Kandasamy, J 2010, 'Influence of buoyant media on particle layer dynamics in microfiltration membranes', Water Science and Technology, vol. 61, no. 7, pp. 1733-1738.
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This study forms a part of the physical study of the membrane bioreactor in presence of buoyancy media. Kaolin clay suspension with buoyancy media (anthracite) was used as a suspension and the particle layer development on membrane surface with evolution of time was studied. Presence of buoyancy media reduced the pressure development by almost two folds compared to in absence of the media. The particles deposition on membrane surface was size selective. The mean particle diameter (0.45 μm) deposited on the membrane surface remained almost similar in presence of the media after 7 hrs run where as in its absence the mean diameter finer particles deposition occurred at the beginning followed by coarser particles.

Atanassov, KT & Shannon, AG 2010, 'A short remark on Fibonacci-type sequences, Möbius strips and theψ-function', International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, vol. 41, no. 8, pp. 1125-1127.
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A base for linear recursive sequences, such as the sequence of Fibonacci numbers, is defined within the framework of the sum of the digits of a number. Examples of bases of a number of such sequences are then outlined, and a Mobius strip is also used to illustrate the effects diagrammatically.

Athab, HS & Lu, DD-C 2010, 'A High-Efficiency AC/DC Converter With Quasi-Active Power Factor Correction', IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 1103-1109.
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Athab, HS & Lu, DD-C 2010, 'Simple controller for single-phase power factor correction rectifier', IET Power Electronics, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 590-590.
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Atkins, A, Bignal, KL, Zhou, JL & Cazier, F 2010, 'Profiles of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls from the combustion of biomass pellets', Chemosphere, vol. 78, no. 11, pp. 1385-1392.
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An investigation was made into the emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as well as inorganic gases (e.g. CO) from a wood fired combustion boiler using wood pellets, under two different boiler operating modes. Levels of total PAHs varied from 6.4 and 154 μg m-3, and were found to be dominating in the gas phase (>80%), regardless of pellet type and boiler operating mode. In addition to this, PAH concentrations were higher in slumber mode than in full flame, and increased with the moisture content of pellets, consistent with the lower combustion efficiency in slumber mode (58.6-64.3%) than in full flame (74.4-82.3%). PAHs in the gas phase comprised mainly of low molecular mass compounds, while PAHs in the particulate phase were mostly composed of high molecular mass compounds, consistent with the physicochemical properties of such compounds. In comparison to PAHs, significantly lower concentrations of PCBs (a maximum of 2.5 μg m-3) were released from pellet combustion, consistent with the virgin nature of the pellets. The PCBs in both the gas and particulate phases were dominated by hexachlorinated congeners, although congeners with more chlorine substitution were more abundant in the particulate phase than in gas phase. Significant relationships were established between CO and organic pollutants, and between PAHs and PCBs, which are useful tools for prediction purposes. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Azadeh, A, Javanmardi, L & Saberi, M 2010, 'The impact of decision-making units features on efficiency by integration of data envelopment analysis, artificial neural network, fuzzy C-means and analysis of variance', International Journal of Operational Research, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 387-387.
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In today's working environment, there is a great desire to identify the critical attributes for sensitivity analysis of inefficient decision-making units (DMUs) regarding personnel attributes. An integrated algorithm, which uses data envelopment analysis (DEA) and data mining tools including fuzzy C-means (FCM), rough set theory (RST), artificial neural network (ANN), cross validation test technique (CVTT) and analysis of variance (ANOVA), is proposed to asses the impact of personnel attributes on efficiency. DEA is used for DMUs' efficiency evaluation. ANN is employed with regard to its ability to model linear and non-linear systems. As numerous inputs are not useful for ANN modelling, RST and ANN are combined to resolve this issue. RST is used to decrease the time of decision-making. FCM is used for data clustering and finally ANOVA is utilised for identification of attributes importance. The proposed algorithm is applied to an actual banking system. Copyright © 2010 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Azadeh, A, Saberi, M & Anvari, M 2010, 'An integrated artificial neural network algorithm for performance assessment and optimization of decision making units', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 37, no. 8, pp. 5688-5697.
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Azadeh, A, Saberi, M & Ghorbani, S 2010, 'An ANFIS algorithm for improved forecasting of oil consumption: A case study of USA, Russia, India and Brazil', Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, vol. 69, no. 3, pp. 194-203.
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This paper proposed an adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) algorithm for oil consumption forecasting based on monthly oil consumption (January 2001 - September 2006) in USA, Russia, India and Brazil. Using mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), efficiency of different ANFIS models was examined. Proposed algorithm used Autocorrelation Function (ACF) to define input variables irrespective of trial and error method (TEM). Algorithm for calculating ANHS performance is based on its closed and open simulation abilities.

Azadeh, A, Saberi, M & Gitiforouz, A 2010, 'An integrated fuzzy regression algorithm for improved electricity consumption estimation', International Journal of Operational Research, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1-1.
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This study presents an integrated fuzzy regression and time-series technique to estimate and predict electricity demand. Furthermore, it is difficult to model uncertain behaviour of energy consumption with only conventional time-series and fuzzy regression, which could be an ideal substitute for such cases. After reviewing various fuzzy regression models and studying their advantages and shortcomings, the best model is selected. Also, the impact of data preprocessing and post-processing on the fuzzy regression performance is to study and to show that this method does not contribute to the efficiency of the model. In addition, another unique feature of this study is utilisation of autocorrelation function to define input variables versus trial and error method. At last, the comparison of actual data with fuzzy regression and ARIMA model, using Granger-Newbold test, is achieved. Monthly electricity consumption of Iran from 1995 to 2005 is considered as the case of this study. Copyright © 2010 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Azadeh, A, Saberi, M & Seraj, O 2010, 'An integrated fuzzy regression algorithm for energy consumption estimation with non-stationary data: A case study of Iran', Energy, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 2351-2366.
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Azadeh, A, Saberi, M, Anvari, M & Moghaddam, M 2010, 'An integrated ANN-K-Means algorithm for improved performance assessment of electricity distribution units', JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH, vol. 69, no. 9, pp. 672-679.

Azadeh, A, Saberi, M, Ghaderi, SF & Gitiforouz, A 2010, 'Estimating and improving electricity demand function in residential sector with imprecise data by fuzzy regression', International Journal of Mathematics in Operational Research, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 405-405.
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This paper presents a fuzzy regression approach for estimation of electricity demand in residential sector with imprecise data. Moreover, electricity consumption in residential sector plays an important role in economical decision-making process. This is also highlighted by the fact that residential sector has the largest share of consumption among all the other sectors including industrial, business, and so on. The importance of fuzzy regression becomes evident by facing imprecise quantities and insufficient amount of data for estimation of energy consumption in residential sector. Fuzzy regression is applied to Iranian residential sectors. A review of a fuzzy linear regression is presented in which the centre regression line has the best ability to interpret training data. The interpretation ability of the regression line can be measured by the proposed index of confidence. Finally, an estimation of electricity demand function in residential sector for three different values of h is presented. Copyright © 2010 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Balaam, JL, Grover, D, Johnson, AC, Jürgens, M, Readman, J, Smith, AJ, White, S, Williams, R & Zhou, JL 2010, 'The use of modelling to predict levels of estrogens in a river catchment: How does modelled data compare with chemical analysis and in vitro yeast assay results?', Science of The Total Environment, vol. 408, no. 20, pp. 4826-4832.
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Effluent discharges at Rodbourne sewage treatment works (STWs) were assessed using chemical and in vitro biological analysis as well as modelling predictions. Results showed that Rodbourne STW discharged less estrone (E1) than expected, but similar 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2) to those predicted by a widely cited effluent prediction model. The Exposure Analysis Modelling System (EXAMS) model was set up using measured effluent concentrations as its starting point to predict estrogen concentrations along a 10. km length of the receiving water of the River Ray. The model adequately simulated estrogen concentrations along the river when compared to July 2007 measured data. The model predicted combined estrogen equivalents in reasonable agreement with estrogenicity as measured by passive sampler (POCIS) extracts using the yeast estrogen screen. Using gauged mean flow values for 2007 the model indicated that the most important determinand for estrogen exposure in the Ray was not season, but proximity to the Rodbourne effluent. Thus, fish in the first 3. km downstream of Rodbourne were typically exposed to two or even three times more estrogens than those living 7-10. km further downstream. The modelling indicated that, assuming the effluent estrogen concentrations measured in February 2008 were typical, throughout the year the whole length of the Ray downstream of Rodbourne would be estrogenic, i.e. exceeding the 1. ng/L E2 equivalent threshold for endocrine disruption. © 2010.

Balasubramanian, V & Hoang, DB 2010, 'Reliability Measure Model for Assistive Care Loop Framework Using Wireless Sensor Networks', JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 239-254.
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Body area wireless sensor networks (BAWSNs) are time-critical systems that rely on the collective data of a group of sensor nodes. Reliable data received at the sink is based on the collective data provided by all the source sensor nodes and not on individual data. Unlike conventional reliability, the definition of retransmission is inapplicable in a BAWSN and would only lead to an elapsed data arrival that is not acceptable for time-critical application. Time-driven applications require high data reliability to maintain detection and responses. Hence, the transmission reliability for the BAWSN should be based on the critical time. In this paper, we develop a theoretical model to measure a BAWSN's transmission reliability, based on the critical time. The proposed model is evaluated through simulation and then compared with the experimental results conducted in our existing Active Care Loop Framework (ACLF). We further show the effect of the sink buffer in transmission reliability after a detailed study of various other co-existing parameters.

Ball, JE & Rankin, K 2010, 'The hydrological performance of a permeable pavement', URBAN WATER JOURNAL, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 79-90.
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Urban stormwater runoff is a transport medium for many contaminants from anthropogenic sources. There are many alternative management strategies available to treat these contaminants. One of the technologies suggested for this purpose is the use of permeable pavements to minimise the quantity of surface runoff generated by impervious surfaces within an urban catchment. Reported herein are the results of a monitoring program undertaken to assess the effectiveness of permeable road surface for managing the quantity and quality of stormwater runoff. It was found that the catchment, where the permeable road surface was installed, had the effective imperviousness reduced from 45% prior to reconstruction of the road surface to less than 5% after reconstruction of the road. Furthermore, it was found that the generation of surface runoff from the permeable road surface required a rainfall intensity in excess of 20 mm/h. Finally, the quality of the surface runoff was found to be at the lower levels of runoff from road surfaces. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.

Bernardo, DV & Hoang, DB 2010, 'Securing data transfer in the cloud through introducing identification packet and UDT-authentication option field: a characterization', International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA), Vol.2, No.4, October 2010, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 13-28.
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The emergence of various technologies has since pushed researchers to developnew protocols that support high density data transmissions in Wide AreaNetworks. Many of these protocols are TCP protocol variants, which havedemonstrated better performance in simulation and several limited networkexperiments but have limited practical applications because of implementationand installation difficulties. On the other hand, users who need to transferbulk data (e.g., in grid/cloud computing) usually turn to application levelsolutions where these variants do not fair well. Among protocols considered inthe application level solutions are UDP-based protocols, such as UDT (UDP-basedData Transport Protocol) for cloud /grid computing. Despite the promisingdevelopment of protocols like UDT, what remains to be a major challenge thatcurrent and future network designers face is to achieve survivability andsecurity of data and networks. Our previous research surveyed various securitymethodologies which led to the development of a framework for UDT. In thispaper we present lowerlevel security by introducing an Identity Packet (IP) andAuthentication Option (AO) for UDT.

Besinger, A, Sztynda, T, Lal, S, Duthoit, C, Agbinya, J, Jap, B, Eager, D & Dissanayake, G 2010, 'Optical flow based analyses to detect emotion from human facial image data', EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS, vol. 37, no. 12, pp. 8897-8902.
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Artificial recognition of facial expression has attracted a lot of attention in the last few years and different facial expression detection methods have been developed. The current study uses a feature point tracking technique separately applied to the five facial image regions (eyebrows, eyes and mouth) to capture basic emotions. The used dataset contains a total 60 facial images from subject's different genders and nationality not wearing glasses and/or facial hair. Results show that the used point tracking algorithm separately applied to the five facial image regions can detect emotions in image sequences. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Bhattacharyya, NK, De, A, Bera, P, Mongal, S, Chakraborty, S & Bandopadhyay, R 2010, 'Ovarian tumors in pediatric age group - A clinicopathologic study of 10 years′ cases in West Bengal, India', Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology, vol. 31, no. 02, pp. 54-57.
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Abstract Background and objectives: Objective in this retrospective study is to find out the incidence of different ovarian tumors of girls up to 20 years of age observed in last ten years in North Bengal Medical College and to correlate clinical and gross findings with histopathologic findings and to compare the incidence with other studies and follow-up of patients with malignant ovarian tumors. Materials and Methods: Findings were retrieved from records of different pathological reports and clinical reports. Results: Total 151 cases of ovarian tumors were received in pathology department in which 34 cases were malignant (22.6%). Amongst malignant cases, 66% are of germ-cell origin-dysgerminoma being the commonest. Strikingly we got 9 cases of malignant surface epithelial tumor. As per follow-up records most of the dysgerminoma came in stage IA and recovered fully following chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Amongst other malignant tumors, few lost the follow-up management and others expired due to metastasis. Conclusions: Patients from hilly areas of North Bengal and low socio-economic status led to lower detection rate of ovarian tumors in early stage which are absolutely necessary for proper guidelines of management to reduce mortality.

Biswajeet, P & Hamid, A 2010, 'Forest fire detection and monitoring using high temporal MODIS and NOAA AVHRR satellite images in peninsular Malaysia', Disaster Advances, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 18-23.
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Forest fires cause significant economic damages and hazard to environment all over the world. Apart from preventive measures, early warning and fast extinction of fires are the only chance to avoid major casualties and damage to nature. This paper describes methodology based on remote sensing and GIS for provision of various early warning of forest fire (so called hot spots) danger conditions for regulatory authorities to take actions for mitigation. Hot spot locations were identified through an automated procedure from high temporal satellite images such as MODIS and NOAA AVHRR scenes. Combination of the Daily Hotspot Images coupled with various GIS layers was used to generate Active Forest Fire Map for the study area. Results from the model can support detection and monitoring for wild fires in the forest and enhance alert system junction by simulating and visualizing forest fire and helps for contingency planning.

Biswajeet, P & Saied, P 2010, 'Comparison between prediction capabilities of neural network and fuzzy logic techniques for L and slide susceptibility mapping', Disaster Advances, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 26-34.
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Preparation of L and slide susceptibility maps is important for engineering geologists and geomorphologists. However, due to complex nature of L and slides, producing a reliable susceptibility map is not easy. In recent years, various data mining and soft computing techniques are getting popular for the prediction and classification of L and slide susceptibility and hazard mapping. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the prediction capabilities between the neural network and fuzzy logic model for L and slide susceptibility mapping in a geographic information system (GIS) environment. In the first stage, L and slide-related factors such as altitude, slope angle, slope aspect, distance to drainage, distance to road, lithology and normalized difference vegetation index (ndvi) were extracted from topographic and geology and soil maps. Secondly, L and slide locations were identified from the interpretation of aerial photographs, high resolution satellite imageries and extensive field surveys. Then L and slide-susceptibility maps were produced by the application of neural network and fuzzy logic approahc using the aforementioned L and slide related factors. Finally, the results of the analyses were verified using the L and slide location data and compared with the neural network and fuzzy logic models. The validation results showed that the neural network model (accuracy is 88%) is better in prediction than fuzzy logic (accuracy is 84%) models. Results show that 'gamma' operator (X = 0.9) showed the best accuracy (84%) while 'or' operator showed the worst accuracy (66%).

Bjørnerem, Å, Johnsen, SL, Nguyen, TV, Kiserud, T & Seeman, E 2010, 'The shifting trajectory of growth in femur length during gestation', Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 1029-1033.
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Abstract Bone size is a determinant of bone strength and tracks in its percentile of origin during childhood and adolescence. We hypothesized that the ranking of an individual's femur length (FL) is established in early gestation and tracks thereafter. Fetal FL was measured serially using 2D ultrasound in 625 Norwegian fetuses. Tracking was assessed using Pearson correlation, a generalized estimating equation model, and by calculating the proportion of fetuses whose FL remained within the same quartile. Baseline FL Z-score (weeks 10 to 19) and later measurements correlated, but more weakly as gestation advanced: r = 0.59 (weeks 20 to 26); r = 0.45 (weeks 27 to 33); and r = 0.32 (weeks 34 to 39) (p &lt; 0.001). Tracking within the same quartile throughout gestation occurred in 13% of fetuses. Of the 87% deviating, 21% returned to the quartile of origin, so 34% began and ended in the same quartile, 38% deviated by one quartile, and 28% deviated by two or more quartiles by the end of gestation. A standard deviation higher baseline FL Z-score, placental weight (150 g), maternal height (5 cm), and weight (10 kg), was associated with a 0.25, 0.15, 0.10, and 0.05 SD higher FL Z-score at the end of gestation, respectively (p ranging from &lt;0.001 to 0.02). Tracking within the same percentile throughout the whole of gestation, as suggest by growth charts, is uncommon. Deviation from tracking is more common and is the result of changes in growth velocity within and between fetuses and is partly influenced by maternal, fetal, and placental factors. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research

Blamires, SJ 2010, 'Plasticity in extended phenotypes: orb web architectural responses to variations in prey parameters', Journal of Experimental Biology, vol. 213, no. 18, pp. 3207-3212.
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SUMMARYA spider orb web is an extended phenotype; it modifies and interacts with the environment, influencing spider physiology. Orb webs are plastic, responding to variations in prey parameters. Studies attempting to understand how nutrients influence spider orb-web plasticity have been hampered by the inability to decouple prey nutrients from other, highly correlated, prey factors and the intrinsic link between prey protein and prey energy concentration. I analyzed the nutrient concentrations of cockroaches, and adult and juvenile crickets to devise experiments that controlled prey protein concentration while varying prey size, ingested mass, energy concentration and feeding frequency of the orb web spider Argiope keyserlingi. I found that A. keyserlingi alters overall architecture according to feeding frequency. Decoration length was inversely related to ingested prey mass and/or energy density in one experiment but directly related to ingested prey mass in another. These contradictory results suggest that factors not examined in this study have a confounding influence on decoration plasticity. As decorations attract prey as well as predators decreasing decoration investment may, in some instances, be attributable to benefits no longer outweighing the risks. Web area was altered according to feeding frequency, and mesh size altered according to feeding frequency and prey length. The number of radii in orb webs was unaffected by prey parameters. A finite amount of silk can be invested in the orb web, so spiders trade-off smaller mesh size with larger web capture area, explaining why feeding frequency influenced both web area and mesh size. Mesh size is additionally responsive to prey size via sensory cues, with spiders constructing webs suitable for catching the most common or most profitable prey.

Blamires, SJ, Chao, I-C & Tso, I-M 2010, 'Prey type, vibrations and handling interactively influence spider silk expression', Journal of Experimental Biology, vol. 213, no. 22, pp. 3906-3910.
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SUMMARYThe chemical and mechanical properties of spider major ampullate (MA) silks vary in response to different prey, mostly via differential expression of two genes – MaSp1 and MaSp2 – although the spinning process exerts additional influence over the mechanical properties of silk. The prey cues that initiate differential gene expression are unknown. Prey nutrients, vibratory stimuli and handling have been suggested to be influential. We performed experiments to decouple the vibratory stimuli and handling associated with high and low kinetic energy prey (crickets vs flies) from their prey nutrients to test the relative influence of each as inducers of silk protein expression in the orb web spider Nephila pilipes. We found that the MA silks from spiders feeding on live crickets had greater percentages of glutamine, serine, alanine and glycine than those from spiders feeding on live flies. Proline composition of the silks was unaffected by feeding treatment. Increases in alanine and glycine in the MA silks of the live-cricket-feeding spiders indicate a probable increase in MaSp1 gene expression. The amino acid compositions of N. pilipes feeding on crickets with fly stimuli and N. pilipes feeding on flies with cricket stimuli did not differ from each other or from pre-treatment responses, so these feeding treatments did not induce differential MaSp expression. Our results indicate that cricket vibratory stimuli and handling interact with nutrients to induce N. pilipes to adjust their gene expression to produce webs with mechanical properties appropriate for the retention of this prey. This shows that spiders can genetically alter their silk chemical compositions and, presumably, mechanical properties upon exposure to different prey types. The lack of any change in proline composition with feeding treatment in N. pilipes suggests that the MaSp model determined for Nephila clavipes is not universally applicable to all Nephila.

Blamires, SJ, Lee, Y-H, Chang, C-M, Lin, I-T, Chen, J-A, Lin, T-Y & Tso, I-M 2010, 'Multiple structures interactively influence prey capture efficiency in spider orb webs', Animal Behaviour, vol. 80, no. 6, pp. 947-953.
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Blount, M, Ebling, MR, Eklund, JM, James, AG, McGregor, C, Percival, N, Smith, K & Sow, D 2010, 'Real-Time Analysis for Intensive Care: Development and Deployment of the Artemis Analytic System', IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 110-118.
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Boord, P, Craig, A, Tran, Y & Nguyen, H 2010, 'Discrimination of left and right leg motor imagery for brain–computer interfaces', Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 343-350.
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This article reports on a study to identify electroencephalography (EEG) signals with potential to provide new BCI channels through mental motor imagery (MMI). Leg motion was assessed to see if left and right leg MMI could be discriminated in the EEG. The study also explored simultaneous observation of leg movement as a means to enhance MMI evoked EEG signals. The results demonstrate that MMI of the left and right leg produce a contralateral preponderance of EEG alpha band desynchronization, which can be spatially discriminated. This suggests that lower extremity MMI could provide signals for additional BCI channels. The study also shows that movement imitation enhances alpha band desynchronization during MMI, and might provide a useful aid in the identification and training of BCI signals. © International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering 2010.

Bousquet, F & Voinov, A 2010, 'Preface to this thematic issue', Environmental Modelling & Software, vol. 25, no. 11, pp. 1267-1267.
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Budka, M, Gabrys, B & Ravagnan, E 2010, 'Robust predictive modelling of water pollution using biomarker data', Water Research, vol. 44, no. 10, pp. 3294-3308.
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Burdon, S, Webb, W & Courtney, N 2010, 'Leading digital economies: a best practice approach to converged regulation', info, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 3-15.
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PurposeOver the past decade telecommunications media and technology (TMT) has driven a new era that has evolved into the digital age. There is a growing consensus in developed countries that TMT is the most important driver of economic and social development for a society. Its genesis began in the USA and its cultural preference for market‐based development set the framework for national policy and development. Recently the formation of convergence regulators amongst many of the leading nations has begun another episode. This article aims to explore and build upon a research study of the senior executives of six of the leading convergence regulators in Asia and Europe. The article aims to analyse by way of a numeric comparison expert views of the key convergence issues three and five years out.Design/methodology/approachA generic conceptual model was constructed of the foundation, social and economic dividend issues. By examining the relative progress of nations developments of these issues and their different approaches, new insights are developed into different regulatory approaches.FindingsThe concept of proactive regulation with competition (PRC) would appear to have benefits for a number of these nations. It is hoped that these research outcomes and hypotheses will generate further research and analysis amongst the world's leading regulators in order to work through the best regulatory approaches for the current challenges.Originality/valueThe paper presents original research regarding regulatory challe...

Burnham, DR, Reece, PJ & McGloin, D 2010, 'Parameter exploration of optically trapped liquid aerosols', Physical Review E, vol. 82, no. 5.
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Bybee, K 2010, 'Evaluation of LNG, CNG, GTL, and NGHs for Monetization of Stranded Gas', Journal of Petroleum Technology, vol. 62, no. 04, pp. 61-62.
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This article, written by Assistant Technology Editor Karen Bybee, contains highlights of paper IPTC 14083, ’Evaluation of LNG, CNG, GTL and NGH for Monetization of Stranded Associated Gas With the Incentive of Carbon Credit,’ by R. Khalilpour, SPE, and I.A. Karimi, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, originally prepared for the 2009 International Petroleum Technology Conference, Doha, Qatar, 7-9 December. Associated gas is estimated to account for 17% of global gas reserves. However, the majority of associated-gas resources are small or located offshore, which has made their use uneconomical. Operators thus have preferred either flaring or reinjecting the gas rather than use. There are a number of gas technologies that have the potential to make the development of stranded gas resources economically viable. The full-length paper details a study that investigated each of these processes on the basis of different variables.   Introduction Associated gas is natural gas found in association with crude oil. According to the latest data from the Energy Information Administration, the total world gas reserves are approximately 6,200 Tcf. Some studies have estimated that global associated-gas reserves without commercial value exceed 1,000 Tcf. The National Geographic Data Center through collaboration with the World Bank’s Global Gas Flaring Reduction (GGFR) partnership is carrying out a project to develop a method to estimate global gas-flaring volumes on the basis of satellite-sensor observations. The center has reported the global volume at approximately 4.9 to 6.1 Tcf/yr within the period of 1994–2008, with a maximum amount of 6.1 Tcf in year 2005 and minimum of 4.9 Tcf in 2008. This amount of gas accounts for approximately 5 to 6% of total world natural-gas consumption.

Cagno, E, Castelli Dezza, F, Delfanti, M, Merlo, M & Trianni, A 2010, 'Virtual Power System: Novel approach for Distributed Generation and Consumption Coordination', Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal, vol. 1, no. 08, pp. 1158-1163.
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Worldwide the introduction of dispersed generators (DG) in the distribution network is assuming a significant importance. There is an increasing relevance of the energy process efficiency improvement; as for electric power systems, the most interesting perspective concerns the capability of the system to increase the exploitation of the renewable resources. The integration of DGs in the electric distribution network requires a revision of this infrastructure, so far designed and developed assuming that power flows in one direction: from the high voltage transmission network to the medium voltage distribution, to reach final customers on the low voltage network. The attention to an efficient operation of distribution networks is increasing all over the world; this interest is becoming higher and higher also in Italy, where the high energy prices push in the direction of fostering efficiency as much as possible. This work describes a study developed in the Alpenergy project framework: an International Cooperation Program aimed at introducing an efficient operational model for the distributed production and consumption. In particular it is proposed a new model for the integration and the management of the DG in the distribution network. The new model (defined VPS: Virtual Power System) is based on a communication channel between the active users (generators), the loads and, eventually, the Distribution System Operators (DSOs).

Cagno, E, Trucco, P, Trianni, A & Sala, G 2010, 'Quick-E-scan: A methodology for the energy scan of SMEs', Energy, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 1916-1926.
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Cai, Y, Guo, YJ & Weily, AR 2010, 'A Frequency-Reconfigurable Quasi-Yagi Dipole Antenna', IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 9, pp. 883-886.
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A new frequency-reconfigurable quasi-Yagi dipole antenna is presented. It consists of a driven dipole element with two varactors in two arms, a director with an additional varactor, a truncated ground plane reflector, a microstrip-to-coplanar-stripline (CPS) transition, and a novel biasing circuit. The effective electrical length of the director element and that of the driven arms are adjusted together by changing the biasing voltages. A 35% continuously frequency-tuning bandwidth, from 1.80 to 2.45 GHz, is achieved. This covers a number of wireless communication systems, including 3G UMTS, US WCS, and WLAN. The length-adjustable director allows the endfire pattern with relatively high gain to be maintained over the entire tuning bandwidth. Measured results show that the gain varies from 5.6 to 7.6 dBi and the front-to-back ratio is better than 10 dB. The H-plane cross polarization is below -15 dB, and that in the E-plane is below -20 dB. © 2006 IEEE.

Cai, Y, Guo, YJ, Qin, PY, Weily, AR & IEEE 2010, 'Frequency Reconfigurable Quasi-Yagi Dipole Antenna', 2010 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, vol. 58, pp. 2742-2747.

Cao, L 2010, 'Domain-Driven Data Mining: Challenges and Prospects', IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 755-769.
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Traditional data mining research mainly focus]es on developing, demonstrating, and pushing the use of specific algorithms and models. The process of data mining stops at pattern identification. Consequently, a widely seen fact is that 1) many algorithms have been designed of which very few are repeatable and executable in the real world, 2) often many patterns are mined but a major proportion of them are either commonsense or of no particular interest to business, and 3) end users generally cannot easily understand and take them over for business use. In summary, we see that the findings are not actionable, and lack soft power in solving real-world complex problems. Thorough efforts are essential for promoting the actionability of knowledge discovery in real-world smart decision making. To this end, domain-driven data mining (D3M) has been proposed to tackle the above issues, and promote the paradigm shift from ÃÂdata-centered knowledge discoveryÃÂ to ÃÂdomain-driven, actionable knowledge delivery.ÃÂ In D3M, ubiquitous intelligence is incorporated into the mining process and models, and a corresponding problem-solving system is formed as the space for knowledge discovery and delivery. Based on our related work, this paper presents an overview of driving forces, theoretical frameworks, architectures, techniques, case studies, and open issues of D3M. We understand D3M discloses many critical issues with no thorough and mature solutions available for now, which indicates the challenges and prospects for this new topic.

Carpi, LC, Saco, PM & Rosso, OA 2010, 'Missing ordinal patterns in correlated noises', Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, vol. 389, no. 10, pp. 2020-2029.
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Castel, A, Vidal, T & François, R 2010, 'Bond and cracking properties of self-consolidating concrete', Construction and Building Materials, vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 1222-1231.
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Catchpoole, DR, Kennedy, P, Skillicorn, DB & Simoff, S 2010, 'The Curse of Dimensionality: A Blessing to Personalized Medicine', Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol. 28, no. 34, pp. e723-e724.
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Cetindamar, D 2010, 'Innovation, Science and Institutional Change: A Research Handbook', Regional Studies, vol. 44, no. 9, pp. 1305-1306.
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Chaczko, Z, Aboura, K & Agbinya, J 2010, 'Software Engineering for Mapping Radio Frequency Pollution', International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 129-136.
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Software Engineering for Mapping Radio Frequency PollutionElectromagnetic fields radiation has raised concerns within several segments of the population in the past three decades. Many studies proved inconclusive, in part due to the scarcity of data. We propose the idea of a geographical model based radiation pollution database. We discuss networked sensing technology for detection and monitoring of electromagnetic fields. We elaborate on software engineering issues for the visualization in real time of electromagnetic field mappings and the dissemination of information through various means and levels of access. We propose the database be complimented by a data algorithmic software solution for the extraction of patterns.

Chanan, A, Saravanamuth, V, Kandasamy, J & Shon, HK 2010, 'Chemical-assisted physico-biological water mining system', PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS-WATER MANAGEMENT, vol. 163, no. 9, pp. 469-474.
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Water mining is the process of extracting valuable water from a sewerage network by treating raw sewage to high standards. A range of commercially viable water mining treatment technologies are now available to treat sewage to specified water quality targets. Most of these technologies have minimal plant footprint requirements, making them suitable for decentralised operations. This paper discusses a hybrid water mining system that includes chemically assisted fine solids separation followed by a biological treatment process. Results from the first proof testing of this water mining system in Sydney, Australia are presented. The results confirm the suitability of the hybrid system for producing high-quality water for non-potable reuse.

Chanan, A, Vigneswaran, S & Kandasamy, J 2010, 'Valuing stormwater, rainwater and wastewater in the soft path for water management: Australian case studies', Water Science and Technology, vol. 62, no. 12, pp. 2854-2861.
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A Water Sensitive City is now commonly acknowledged best practice for designing the cities of the future. In Australia, the National Water Initiative has allocated high priority towards offering insight into successful water sensitive urban development projects, to facilitate capacity building within the industry. This paper shares innovative water sensitive projects implemented at Kogarah City Council, in Sydney. Four key projects are discussed, demonstrating how stormwater, rainwater and wastewater can be incorporated into decentralised water systems to offer sustainable water management of the future. The case studies included in the paper highlight Kogarah's journey towards the Soft Path for Water Management.

Chanan, AP, Kandasamy, JK, Vigneswaran, S, Spyrakis, G, Ghetti, I & idris, E 2010, 'Applied Rainwater Harvesting Education: An Australian Case Study', Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 32-35.
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Rainwater tanks have been an integral part of the Australian landscape given the vital role these tanks have played over the years in rural Australia. In the past Local government and Water Authorities actively discouraged the use of rainwater tanks and informing citizens that they were illegal and dangerous. Kogarah Council within the Sydney metropolitan area is a proactive Council, and became the first council in Sydney to adopt Total Water Cycle Management (TWCM) principles into its Sustainability Management Plan, integrating these principles into on-ground projects at a catchment level in a planned and strategic approach. Among it priority projects was the Rainwater Tanks in Schools. This paper outlines how this project assisted all 22 schools in the Kogarah LGA (The Local Government Association) to increase the efficiency of water use and install rainwater tanks to reduce potable water use in toilet flushing and irrigating school gardens. The rainwater harvesting reduced the amount of drinking water used for toilet flushing and/or irrigation. The rainwater tanks also act as a visual reminder to conserve water for the students. The project has equipped the next generation with the necessary tools to make informed decisions and undertake actions that will move towards achieving sustainability.

Chang, C-Y, Chang, J-S, Chen, C-M, Chiemchaisri, C & Vigneswaran, S 2010, 'An innovative attached-growth biological system for purification of pond water', Bioresource Technology, vol. 101, no. 5, pp. 1506-1510.
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This study applied the non-woven material from used diaper as the carrier for bio-film process to purify the recycled water from a landscape pond at the Tainan City Municipal Culture Center (TCMCC), Taiwan. An on-site system was installed and the experiment was accomplished through three stages in 192 days with different time periods of 70 days, 63 days, and 59 days, respectively. The results showed that the non-woven media is functional for SS removal. The average SS removal of stages 1, 2, and 3 were 91%, 96%, and 95%, respectively. The highest SCOD removal efficiency of 90% occurred at stage 3. A significant color improvement of the pond water was achieved through this non-woven bio-carrier treatment system. Whole system can be without any maintenance for 139 days. The result indicated that the non-woven medium system was with a great potential in treating and recycling the pond water with stable operation and satisfactory removal performance.

Chang, L, Yu, JX & Qin, L 2010, 'Context-Sensitive Document Ranking.', J. Comput. Sci. Technol., vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 444-457.
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Ranking is a main research issue in IR-styled keyword search over a set of documents. In this paper, we study a new keyword search problem, called context-sensitive document ranking, which is to rank documents with an additional context that provides additional information about the application domain where the documents are to be searched and ranked. The work is motivated by the fact that additional information associated with the documents can possibly assist users to find more relevant documents when they are unable to find the needed documents from the documents alone. In this paper, a context is a multi-attribute graph, which can represent any information maintained in a relational database, where multi-attribute nodes represent tuples, and edges represent primary key and foreign key references among nodes. The context-sensitive ranking is related to several research issues, how to score documents, how to evaluate the additional information obtained in the context that may contribute to the document ranking, how to rank the documents by combining the scores/costs from the documents and the context. More importantly, the relationships between documents and the information stored in a relational database may be uncertain, because they are from different data sources and the relationships are determined systematically using similarity match which causes uncertainty. In this paper, we concentrate ourselves on these research issues, and provide our solution on how to rank the documents in a context where there exist uncertainty between the documents and the context. We confirm the effectiveness of our approaches by conducting extensive experimental studies using real datasets. We present our findings in this paper. © 2010 Springer Science + Business Media, LLC & Science Press, China.

Chen, J, Chen, X, Duan, R, Ji, Z & Zeng, B 2010, 'No-go Theorem for One-way Quantum Computing on Naturally Occurring Two-level Systems', Phys. Rev. A, vol. 83, p. 050301.
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One-way quantum computing achieves the full power of quantum computation byperforming single particle measurements on some many-body entangled state,known as the resource state. As single particle measurements are relativelyeasy to implement, the preparation of the resource state becomes a crucialtask. An appealing approach is simply to cool a strongly correlated quantummany-body system to its ground state. In addition to requiring the ground stateof the system to be universal for one-way quantum computing, we also want theHamiltonian to have non-degenerate ground state protected by a fixed energygap, to involve only two-body interactions, and to be frustration-free so thatmeasurements in the course of the computation leave the remaining particles inthe ground space. Recently, significant efforts have been made to the search ofresource states that appear naturally as ground states in spin lattice systems.The approach is proved to be successful in spin-5/2 and spin-3/2 systems. Yet,it remains an open question whether there could be such a natural resourcestate in a spin-1/2, i.e., qubit system. Here, we give a negative answer tothis question by proving that it is impossible for a genuinely entangled qubitstates to be a non-degenerate ground state of any two-body frustration-freeHamiltonian. What is more, we prove that every spin-1/2 frustration-freeHamiltonian with two-body interaction always has a ground state that is aproduct of single- or two-qubit states, a stronger result that is interestingindependent of the context of one-way quantum computing.

Chen, L, Chitambar, E, Duan, R, Ji, Z & Winter, A 2010, 'Tensor Rank and Stochastic Entanglement Catalysis for Multipartite Pure States', Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 105, no. 20, p. 200501.
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The tensor rank (also known as generalized Schmidt rank) of multipartite purestates plays an important role in the study of entanglement classifications andtransformations. We employ powerful tools from the theory of homogeneouspolynomials to investigate the tensor rank of symmetric states such as thetripartite state $\ket{W_3}=\tfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}(\ket{100}+\ket{010}+\ket{001})$and its $N$-partite generalization $\ket{W_N}$. Previous tensor rank estimatesare dramatically improved and we show that (i) three copies of $\ket{W_3}$ hasrank either 15 or 16, (ii) two copies of $\ket{W_N}$ has rank $3N-2$, and (iii)$n$ copies of $\ket{W_N}$ has rank O(N). A remarkable consequence of theseresults is that certain multipartite transformations, impossible evenprobabilistically, can become possible when performed in multiple copy bunchesor when assisted by some catalyzing state. This effect is impossible forbipartite pure states.

Chen, L, Chitambar, E, Duan, R, Ji, Z & Winter, A 2010, 'Tensor rank and stochastic entanglement catalysis for multipartite pure states', Physical Review Letters, vol. 105, no. 20, pp. 1-4.
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The tensor rank (also known as generalized Schmidt rank) of multipartite pure states plays an important role in the study of entanglement classifications and transformations. We employ powerful tools from the theory of homogeneous polynomials to investigate the tensor rank of symmetric states such as the tripartite state |W3=1√3(|100+|010+|001) and its N-partite generalization |WN. Previous tensor rank estimates are dramatically improved and we show that (i) three copies of |W3 have a rank of either 15 or 16, (ii) two copies of |WN have a rank of 3N-2, and (iii) n copies of |WN have a rank of O(N). A remarkable consequence of these results is that certain multipartite transformations, impossible even probabilistically, can become possible when performed in multiple-copy bunches or when assisted by some catalyzing state. This effect is impossible for bipartite pure states. © 2010 The American Physical Society.

Chen, L, Chitambar, E, Duan, R, Ji, Z & Winter, A 2010, 'Tensor Rank and Stochastic Entanglement Catalysis for Multipartite Pure States', Physical Review Letters, vol. 105, no. 20, pp. 1-4.
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The tensor rank (also known as generalized Schmidt rank) of multipartite pure states plays an important role in the study of entanglement classifications and transformations. We employ powerful tools from the theory of homogeneous polynomials to investig

Chen, L, Warkiani, ME, Liu, H-B & Gong, H-Q 2010, 'Polymeric micro-filter manufactured by a dissolving mold technique', Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, vol. 20, no. 7, pp. 075005-075005.
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Chen, P & Li, J 2010, 'Prediction of protein long-range contacts using an ensemble of genetic algorithm classifiers with sequence profile centers', BMC Structural Biology, vol. 10, no. Suppl 1, pp. S2-S2.
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Background. Prediction of long-range inter-residue contacts is an important topic in bioinformatics research. It is helpful for determining protein structures, understanding protein foldings, and therefore advancing the annotation of protein functions. Results. In this paper, we propose a novel ensemble of genetic algorithm classifiers (GaCs) to address the long-range contact prediction problem. Our method is based on the key idea called sequence profile centers (SPCs). Each SPC is the average sequence profiles of residue pairs belonging to the same contact class or non-contact class. GaCs train on multiple but different pairs of long-range contact data (positive data) and long-range non-contact data (negative data). The negative data sets, having roughly the same sizes as the positive ones, are constructed by random sampling over the original imbalanced negative data. As a result, about 21.5% long-range contacts are correctly predicted. We also found that the ensemble of GaCs indeed makes an accuracy improvement by around 5.6% over the single GaC. Conclusions. Classifiers with the use of sequence profile centers may advance the long-range contact prediction. In line with this approach, key structural features in proteins would be determined with high efficiency and accuracy. © 2010 Li and Chen; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Chen, P & Li, J 2010, 'Sequence-based identification of interface residues by an integrative profile combining hydrophobic and evolutionary information', BMC Bioinformatics, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 0-0.
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Background: Protein-protein interactions play essential roles in protein function determination and drug design. Numerous methods have been proposed to recognize their interaction sites, however, only a small proportion of protein complexes have been successfully resolved due to the high cost. Therefore, it is important to improve the performance for predicting protein interaction sites based on primary sequence alone.Results: We propose a new idea to construct an integrative profile for each residue in a protein by combining its hydrophobic and evolutionary information. A support vector machine (SVM) ensemble is then developed, where SVMs train on different pairs of positive (interface sites) and negative (non-interface sites) subsets. The subsets having roughly the same sizes are grouped in the order of accessible surface area change before and after complexation. A self-organizing map (SOM) technique is applied to group similar input vectors to make more accurate the identification of interface residues. An ensemble of ten-SVMs achieves an MCC improvement by around 8% and F1 improvement by around 9% over that of three-SVMs. As expected, SVM ensembles constantly perform better than individual SVMs. In addition, the model by the integrative profiles outperforms that based on the sequence profile or the hydropathy scale alone. As our method uses a small number of features to encode the input vectors, our model is simpler, faster and more accurate than the existing methods.Conclusions: The integrative profile by combining hydrophobic and evolutionary information contributes most to the protein-protein interaction prediction. Results show that evolutionary context of residue with respect to hydrophobicity makes better the identification of protein interface residues. In addition, the ensemble of SVM classifiers improves the prediction performance.Availability: Datasets and software are available at http://mail.ustc.edu.cn/~bigeagle/BMCBioinfo2010/index.ht...

Chen, P, Liu, C, Burge, L, Li, J, Mohammad, M, Southerland, W, Gloster, C & Wang, B 2010, 'DomSVR: domain boundary prediction with support vector regression from sequence information alone', Amino Acids, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 713-726.
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Protein domains are structural and fundamental functional units of proteins. The information of protein domain boundaries is helpful in understanding the evolution, structures and functions of proteins, and also plays an important role in protein classification. In this paper, we propose a support vector regression-based method to address the problem of protein domain boundary identification based on novel input profiles extracted from AA-index database. As a result, our method achieves an average sensitivity of ∼36.5% and an average specificity of ∼ 81% for multi-domain protein chains, which is overall better than the performance of published approaches to identify domain boundary. As our method used sequence information alone, our method is simpler and faster.© Springer-Verlag 2010.

Chen, X, Duan, R, Ji, Z & Zeng, B 2010, 'Quantum state reduction for universal measurement based computation', Phys. Rev. Lett. 105(2):020502 (2010), vol. 105, no. 2, pp. 1-4.
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Measurement based quantum computation (MBQC), which requires only singleparticle measurements on a universal resource state to achieve the full powerof quantum computing, has been recognized as one of the most promising modelsfor the physical realization of quantum computers. Despite considerableprogress in the last decade, it remains a great challenge to search for newuniversal resource states with naturally occurring Hamiltonians, and to betterunderstand the entanglement structure of these kinds of states. Here we showthat most of the resource states currently known can be reduced to the clusterstate, the first known universal resource state, via adaptive localmeasurements at a constant cost. This new quantum state reduction schemeprovides simpler proofs of universality of resource states and opens up plentyof space to the search of new resource states, including an example based onthe one-parameter deformation of the AKLT state studied in [Commun. Math. Phys.144, 443 (1992)] by M. Fannes et al. about twenty years ago.

Chen, X, Lingam, HK, Huang, Z, Yisgedu, T, Zhao, J-C & Shore, SG 2010, 'Thermal Decomposition Behavior of Hydrated Magnesium Dodecahydrododecaborates', The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 201-204.
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Chen, Y-C, Duann, J-R, Chuang, S-W, Lin, C-L, Ko, L-W, Jung, T-P & Lin, C-T 2010, 'Spatial and temporal EEG dynamics of motion sickness', NeuroImage, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 2862-2870.
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Cheong, CY, Tan, KC, Liu, DK & Lin, CJ 2010, 'Multi-objective and prioritized berth allocation in container ports', Annals of Operations Research, vol. 180, no. 1, pp. 63-103.
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This paper considers a berth allocation problem (BAP) which requires the determination of exact berthing times and positions of incoming ships in a container port. The problem is solved by optimizing the berth schedule so as to minimize concurrently the three objectives of makespan, waiting time, and degree of deviation from a predetermined priority schedule. These objectives represent the interests of both port and ship operators. Unlike most existing approaches in the literature which are single-objective-based, a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) that incorporates the concept of Pareto optimality is proposed for solving the multi-objective BAP. The MOEA is equipped with three primary features which are specifically designed to target the optimization of the three objectives. The features include a local search heuristic, a hybrid solution decoding scheme, and an optimal berth insertion procedure. The effects that each of these features has on the quality of berth schedules are studied. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

Chinu, K, Johir, AH, Vigneswaran, S, Shon, HK & Kandasamy, J 2010, 'Assessment of pretreatment to microfiltration for desalination in terms of fouling index and molecular weight distribution', DESALINATION, vol. 250, no. 2, pp. 644-647.
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In this study, different processes such as flocculation with ferric chloride (FeCl3) and deep bed filtration (sand filtration and dual media filtration) as a pre-treatment to microfiltration (MF) were used for seawater desalination. The performance of these pre-treatments was determined in terms of silt density index (SDI) and modified fouling index (MFI) and flux decline in MF. Flux decline of MF with seawater was 45% without any pre-treatment, 42% after pre-treatment of FeCl3 flocculation, 24% after pre-treatment of sand filtration with in-line coagulation and 22% after pre-treatment of dual media filtration (sand and anthracite), respectively. MFI and SDI also indicated that deep bed filtration with in-line flocculation was better pretreatment than flocculation alone. Detailed molecular weight distribution (MWD) of seawater organic matter was examined after different pretreatments. MWD of the initial seawater mainly ranged from 1510 Da to 130 Da. Deep bed filtration with in-line flocculation removed relatively large molecular weight of organic matter (1510â1180 Da), while the small molecular weights (less than 530 Da) were not removed.

Chinu, K, Vigneswaran, S, Erdei, L, Shon, HK, Kandasamy, J & Ngo, HH 2010, 'Comparison of fouling indices in assessing pre-treatment for seawater reverse osmosis', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 18, no. 1-3, pp. 187-191.
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In this study, different processes such as fl occulation with ferric chloride (FeCl3) and deep bed filtration (sand filtration and dual media filtration) as a pre-treatment were used for seawater desalination. The performance of these pre-treatments was determined in terms of silt density index (SDI) and modified fouling index by using microfilter (MF-MFI), ultrafilter (UF-MFI), and nanofi lter (NF-MFI) membrane. MFI and SDI indicated that deep bed filtration with in-line flocculation was better pre-treatment than flocculation alone as colloidal particles are removed after this pretreatment. UF-MFI and NF-MFI indicated that these pretreatment cannot remove dissolved organic matter as the fouling reduction was smaller. Detailed molecular weight distribution (MWD) of seawater organic matter was examined after different pretreatments. MWD of the initial seawater mainly ranged from 1510 Da to 130 Da. Deep bed filtration with in-line flocculation removed relatively large molecular weight of organic matter (1510–1180 Da), while the small molecular weights (less than 530 Da) were not removed. © 2010, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Chitambar, E, Duan, R & Shi, Y 2010, 'Multipartite-to-bipartite entanglement transformations and polynomial identity testing', Physical Review A, vol. 81, no. 5, pp. 1-4.
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We consider the problem of deciding if some multiparty entangled pure state can be converted, with a nonzero success probability, into a given bipartite pure state shared between two specified parties through local quantum operations and classical commun

Chiu, C, Chaczko, Z & Moses, P 2010, 'Sensor Actor Network Modeling utilizing the Holonic Architectural Framework', International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 49-54.
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Sensor Actor Network Modeling utilizing the Holonic Architectural FrameworkThis paper discusses the results of utilizing advanced EKM modeling techniques to manage Sensor-Actor networks (SANETs) based upon the Holonic Architectural Framework. EKMs allow a quantitative analysis of an algorithmic artificial neural network process by using an indirect-mapping EKM to self-organize from a given input space to administer SANET routing and clustering functions with a control parameter space. Results demonstrate that in comparison to linear approximation techniques, indirect mapping with EKMs provide fluid control and feedback mechanisms by operating in a continuous sensory control space - thus enabling interactive detection and optimization of events in real-time environments.

Chongsuvivatwong, V, Bachtiar, H, Chowdhury, ME, Fernando, S, Suwanrath, C, Kor‐anantakul, O, Tuan, LA, Lim, A, Lumbiganon, P, Manandhar, B, Muchtar, M, Nahar, L, Hieu, NT, Fang, PX, Prasertcharoensuk, W, Radnaabarzar, E, Sibuea, D, Than, KK, Tharnpaisan, P, Thach, TS & Rowe, P 2010, 'Maternal and fetal mortality and complications associated with cesarean section deliveries in teaching hospitals in Asia', Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 45-51.
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AbstractAim:  To compare the mortality, morbidity of emergency and elective cesarean section with vaginal delivery among Asian teaching hospitalsMethods:  Hospital based prospective study at 12 centers of 9 countries.Results:  12 591 vaginal deliveries, 3062 elective and 4328 emergency cesarean section were followed up to 5 days postpartum. Maternal deaths (95% CI) per 1000 births among vaginal deliveries being 0.47 (0.17, 1.03) was not significantly different from 0.31 (0.01, 1.73) of elective cesarean section and both rates were significantly lower than 2.87 (1.53, 4.91) per 1000 births of emergency section. The vaginal delivery group had significantly lower incidences of all major complication except significantly higher chance of secondary operations and non‐significantly different risk for endometritis. Corresponding neonatal mortality per 1000 deliveries among the three groups were 7 (5.6, 8.6), 2.2 (0.9, 4.6) and 12.4 (9.3, 16.2) (P < 0.001). Vaginal delivery also had higher rates of severe asphyxia and palsy than elective cesarean section.Conclusion:  Maternal complications were increased by cesarean delivery but elective section may reduce neonatal complication.

Csonka, PJ & Waldron, KJ 2010, 'Characterization of an Electric-Pneumatic Hybrid Prismatic Actuator', Journal of Mechanisms and Robotics, vol. 2, no. 2.
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Many high performance actuators have been developed in recent years. However, these actuators are generally designed for precise, relatively slow movements, or imprecise dynamic motion, but incapable of generating quasistatic trajectories. This dichotomy arises in part due to thrusting actuation technology that often trades off impulse for precision. A characterization of a bidirectional hybrid actuator developed for use in legged robots is described here. This actuator is capable of precise noncompliant positioning, and storage and rapid release of energy, which makes it equally suitable for static and dynamic positioning applications. Characterizations shown here allow tuning the actuator in future versions to reduce losses and increase efficiency.

Csorba, T, Lózsa, R, Hutvágner, G & Burgyán, J 2010, 'Polerovirus protein P0 prevents the assembly of small RNA-containing RISC complexes and leads to degradation of ARGONAUTE1', The Plant Journal, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 463-472.
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RNA silencing plays an important role in plants in defence against viruses. To overcome this defence, plant viruses encode suppressors of RNA silencing. The most common mode of silencing suppression is sequestration of double-stranded RNAs involved in the antiviral silencing pathways. Viral suppressors can also overcome silencing responses through protein-protein interaction. The poleroviral P0 silencing suppressor protein targets ARGONAUTE (AGO) proteins for degradation. AGO proteins are the core component of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). We found that P0 does not interfere with the slicer activity of pre-programmed siRNA/miRNA containing AGO1, but prevents de novo formation of siRNA/miRNA containing AGO1. We show that the AGO1 protein is part of a high-molecular-weight complex, suggesting the existence of a multi-protein RISC in plants. We propose that P0 prevents RISC assembly by interacting with one of its protein components, thus inhibiting formation of siRNA/miRNA-RISC, and ultimately leading to AGO1 degradation. Our findings also suggest that siRNAs enhance the stability of co-expressed AGO1 in both the presence and absence of P0. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Da Xu, RY & Kemp, M 2010, 'Fitting Multiple Connected Ellipses to an Image Silhouette Hierarchically', IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 1673-1682.
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In this paper, we seek to fit a model, specified in terms of connected ellipses, to an image silhouette. Some algorithms that have attempted this problem are sensitive to initial guesses and also may converge to a wrong solution when they attempt to mini

Dachermann, U, Li, J & Samali, B 2010, '1A12 Boundary Damage Identification of a Two-Storey Framed Structure utilizing Frequency Response Functions and Artificial Neural Networks', The Proceedings of the Symposium on the Motion and Vibration Control, vol. 2010, no. 0.
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Dackermann, U, Li, J & Samali, B 2010, 'Dynamic-Based Damage Identification Using Neural Network Ensembles and Damage Index Method', ADVANCES IN STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 1001-1016.
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This paper presents a vibration-based damage identification method that utilises a 'damage fingerprint' of a structure in combination with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and neural network techniques to identify defects. The Damage Index (DI) method is used to extract unique damage patterns from a damaged beam structure with the undamaged structure as baseline. PCA is applied to reduce the effect of measurement noise and optimise neural network training. PCA-compressed DI values are, then, used as inputs for a hierarchy of neural network ensembles to estimate locations and severities of various damage cases. The developed method is verified by a laboratory structure and numerical simulations in which measurement noise is taken into account with different levels of white Gaussian noise added. The damage identification results obtained from the neural network ensembles show that the presented method is capable of overcoming problems inherent in the conventional DI method. Issues associated with field testing conditions are successfully dealt with for numerical and the experimental simulations. Moreover, it is shown that the neural network ensemble produces results that are more accurate than any of the outcomes of the individual neural networks.

Datta, N & Hsieh, M-H 2010, 'Universal coding for transmission of private information', J. Math. Phys., vol. 51, no. 12, p. 122202.
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We consider the scenario in which Alice transmits private classical messagesto Bob via a classical-quantum channel, part of whose output is intercepted byan eavesdropper, Eve. We prove the existence of a universal coding scheme underwhich Alice's messages can be inferred correctly by Bob, and yet Eve learnsnothing about them. The code is universal in the sense that it does not dependon specific knowledge of the channel. Prior knowledge of the probabilitydistribution on the input alphabet of the channel, and bounds on thecorresponding Holevo quantities of the output ensembles at Bob's and Eve's endsuffice.

Deng, W, Jin, D, Drozdowicz-Tomsia, K, Yuan, J & Goldys, EM 2010, 'Europium Chelate (BHHCT-Eu³⁺) and Its Metal Nanostructure Enhanced Luminescence Applied to Bioassays and Time-Gated Bioimaging', Langmuir, vol. 26, no. 12, pp. 10036-10043.
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Devitt, S 2010, 'Scalable quantum information processing and the optical topological quantum computer', Optics and Spectroscopy, vol. 108, no. 2, pp. 267-281.
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Ding, F, Huang, X, Wen, B & Yan, Z 2010, 'Aliasing radar receiver in FMICW system', IEICE Electronics Express, vol. 7, no. 10, pp. 697-703.
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Ding, GKC 2010, 'Sustainability Assessment of Residential Development – An Australian Experience', International Journal of Construction Management, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 19-32.
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Environmental performance of residential development has played an important role in achieving the goal of sustainable construction. Green homes have been or are being built in many countries. This paper discusses the issues of sustainability and its roles in residential developments. This paper also examines the development of a building and sustainability index (BASIX) for mandatory assessments of all residential developments in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Data collection includes examining the methodology of BASIX in assessing sustainability performance of residential development in the three broad areas of energy and water efficiency as well as indoor thermal comfort. The introduction of BASIX has had a profound impact on the construction industry. An online survey of users of BASIX in the construction industry revealed that the tool has played a significant role in providing a guideline for the sustainability performance of a proposed development and lifting the standard of design practices. The tool has led to better thermal comfort for users and reduced water and energy consumption by all new residential developments in NSW. However successful this has been, there is more to be done such as control of waste and energy usage in the manufacturing of building materials.

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2010, 'A Human-Centered Semantic Service Platform for the Digital Ecosystems Environment', WORLD WIDE WEB-INTERNET AND WEB INFORMATION SYSTEMS, vol. 13, no. 1-2, pp. 75-103.
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Digital Ecosystems (DEST) have emerged with the purpose of enhancing communications among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) within the worldwide Business Ecosystem. However, because of the diversity and heterogeneity of the services in the DEST environ

Dos Santos, A, da Rocha, CG & Lepre, P 2010, 'Barriers and opportunities in developing 'do-it-yourself' products for low-income housing', Journal of Construction in Developing Countries, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 29-43.
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Direct involvement of the user in the assembling process of his/her own products or even entire house is a reality among low-income populations in developing countries. Nevertheless, there are a limited number of products that have actually been designed from a do-it-yourself (DIY) perspective, which results in several problems, such as poor user safety while the product is being assembled or inadequate results from an improvised assembling. Hence, the main goal of this paper is to analyse barriers to and opportunities for developing DIY products for low-income housing in developing countries. The research method utilises a case study of a DIY product consisting of a hybrid solution that acted as both a partition wall and a wardrobe. The identified opportunities included more systematic use of existing craft competencies among low-income families and the possibility of cost reduction through DIY concepts. Major barriers included the perception of the DIY product as inferior and the difficulty of communicating the DIY assembly process to users who quite often are illiterate.

Du, H, Zhang, N, Ji, JC & Gao, W 2010, 'Robust Fuzzy Control of an Active Magnetic Bearing Subject to Voltage Saturation', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 164-169.
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Based on a recently proposed model for the active- magnetic-bearing (AMB) switching mode of operation, this paper presents a robust Takagi-Sugeno-model- based fuzzy-control strategy to stabilize the AMB with fast response speed subject to control-voltage saturation and parameter uncertainties. The sufficient conditions for the existence of such a controller are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Numerical simulations against the proposed AMB model and a high-fidelity AMB model are used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. © 2009 IEEE.

Duan, R, Severini, S & Winter, A 2010, 'Zero-error communication via quantum channels, non-commutative graphs and a quantum Lovasz theta function', IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 59(2):1164-1174, 2013, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 1164-1174.
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We study the quantum channel version of Shannon's zero-error capacityproblem. Motivated by recent progress on this question, we propose to considera certain operator space as the quantum generalisation of the adjacency matrix,in terms of which the plain, quantum and entanglement-assisted capacity can beformulated, and for which we show some new basic properties. Most importantly, we define a quantum version of Lovasz' famous thetafunction, as the norm-completion (or stabilisation) of a 'naive' generalisationof theta. We go on to show that this function upper bounds the number ofentanglement-assisted zero-error messages, that it is given by a semidefiniteprogramme, whose dual we write down explicitly, and that it is multiplicativewith respect to the natural (strong) graph product. We explore various other properties of the new quantity, which reduces toLovasz' original theta in the classical case, give several applications, andpropose to study the operator spaces associated to channels as 'non-commutativegraphs', using the language of Hilbert modules.

Duan, R, Xin, Y & Ying, M 2010, 'Locally indistinguishable subspaces spanned by three-qubit unextendible product bases', PHYSICAL REVIEW A, vol. 81, no. 3, pp. 1-10.
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We study the local distinguishability of general multiqubit states and show that local projective measurements and classical communication are as powerful as the most general local measurements and classical communication. Remarkably, this indicates that

Dunwell, T, Hesson, L, Rauch, TA, Wang, L, Clark, RE, Dallol, A, Gentle, D, Catchpoole, D, Maher, ER, Pfeifer, GP & Latif, F 2010, 'A Genome-wide screen identifies frequently methylated genes in haematological and epithelial cancers', Molecular Cancer, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 44.
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Abstract Background Genetic as well as epigenetic alterations are a hallmark of both epithelial and haematological malignancies. High throughput screens are required to identify epigenetic markers that can be useful for diagnostic and prognostic purposes across malignancies. Results Here we report for the first time the use of the MIRA assay (methylated CpG island recovery assay) in combination with genome-wide CpG island arrays to identify epigenetic molecular markers in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) on a genome-wide scale. We identified 30 genes demonstrating methylation frequencies of ≥25% in childhood ALL, nine genes showed significantly different methylation frequencies in B vs T-ALL. For majority of the genes expression could be restored in methylated leukemia lines after treatment with 5-azaDC. Forty-four percent of the genes represent targets of the polycomb complex. In chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) two of the genes, (TFAP2A and EBF2), demonstrated increased methylation in blast crisis compared to chronic phase (P < 0.05). Furthermore hypermethylation of an autophagy related gene ATG16L2 was associated with poorer prognosis in terms of molecular response to Imatinib treatment. Lastly we demonstrated that ten of these genes were also frequently methylated in common epithelial cancers. Conclusion In summary we have identified a large number of genes showing frequent methylation in childhood ALL, methylation status of two of these genes is associated with advanced disease in CML and methylation status of another gene is associated with...

El Saliby, IJ, Shon, HK, Okour, YH, Vigneswaran, S, Senthilnanthanan, M & Kandasamy, J 2010, 'Production of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Nanostructures from Dye Wastewater Sludge - Characterisation and Evaluation of Photocatalytic activity', JOURNAL OF ADVANCED OXIDATION TECHNOLOGIES, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 15-20.
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Producing a useful catalyst (TiO2) from sludge is possible after the incineration of sludge produced from the flocculation of wastewater by Ti-salts. In this study, TiO2 was successfully produced from dye wastewater sludge. Titanate nanotubes and nanoaggregates were produced through alkaline-hydrothermal and hydrogen peroxide treatments, respectively. Catalysts were characterised using scanning electron microscope and BET surface measurement. The photocatalytic activity was monitored for the photodegradation of organics in synthetic wastewater (SWW) and the photodecomposition of gas acetaldehyde. Nanotubes with a high surface area of 155.83 m2/g were obtained by alkaline-hydrothermal treatment, while lower surface area (65.22 m2/g) nanoaggregates were synthesized after hydrogen peroxide treatment. In general, nanoparticles, nanotubes and nanoaggregates showed mild photocatalytic activity. All catalysts showed similar photocatalytic activity for the photodecomposition of organics in SWW and the photodecomposition of acetaldehyde.

Erdei, L, Vigneswaran, S & Kandasamy, J 2010, 'Modelling of submerged membrane flocculation hybrid systems using statistical and artificial neural networks methods', JOURNAL OF WATER SUPPLY RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-AQUA, vol. 59, no. 2-3, pp. 198-208.
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Hybrid membrane filtration processes involve complex physical, chemical and biological phenomena, thus their mechanistic modelling is challenging. The chief advantages of statistical and artificial neural networks (ANN) models (data-driven models) are that they do not require assumptions and simplifications to establish relationships from data. This paper investigates the characteristics and performance of several data-driven methods to model a hybrid membrane system. The focus is on the application of regression analysis and artificial intelligence based methods to a steady-state system. Among empirically based approaches, ANN neural networks methods were found to be very useful to predict permeate quality and membrane fouling. In the past multivariate nonlinear regression had barely been investigated for process modelling in water and waste water treatment. In this study polynomial multivariate nonlinear regression showed a superior performance. Multivariate parametric nonlinear models could match the performance of the nonparametric ANN models in the empirical modelling of complex systems, especially when combined with advanced optimization methods. This paper gives the methodology of how one could optimize a membrane hybrid system using ANN, validating it with one set of data. The same procedure/methodology can be applied to similar systems.

Erfani, S & Akhgar, B 2010, 'A novel knowledge management implementation model for mobile telecommunication industry', World Appl Sci J, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 29-37.

Fang, F, Ni, B-J, Xie, W-M, Sheng, G-P, Liu, S-G, Tong, Z-H & Yu, H-Q 2010, 'An integrated dynamic model for simulating a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant under fluctuating conditions', Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 160, no. 2, pp. 522-529.
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Fatahi, B, Khabbaz, H & Indraratna, B 2010, 'Bioengineering ground improvement considering root water uptake model', ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 222-229.
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Bioengineering features of native vegetation are currently being evolved to enhance soil stiffness, slope stabilisation and erosion control. The effects of tree roots on soil moisture content and ground settlement are discussed in this paper. Matric suction induced by tree roots is a key factor, governing the properties of unsaturated soils, directly imparting stability to slopes and resistance for yielding behaviour. A mathematical model for the rate of root water uptake that considers ground conditions, type of vegetation and climatic parameters has been developed. This study highlights the inter-related parameters contributing to the development of a conceptual evapo-transpiration and root moisture uptake equilibrium model that is then incorporated in a comprehensive numerical finite element model. The developed model considers fully coupled-flow-deformation behaviour of soil. Field measurements obtained by the Authors from a site in Victoria, South of Australia, are used to validate the model. In this study, the active tree root distribution has been predicted by measuring soil organic content distribution. The predicted results show acceptable agreement with the field data in spite of the assumptions made for simplifying the effects of soil heterogeneity and anisotropy. The results prove that the proposed root water uptake model can reliably predict the region of the maximum matric suction away from the tree axis. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Feiping Nie, Dong Xu, Tsang, IW-H & Changshui Zhang 2010, 'Flexible Manifold Embedding: A Framework for Semi-Supervised and Unsupervised Dimension Reduction', IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 1921-1932.
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We propose a unified manifold learning framework for semi-supervised and unsupervised dimension reduction by employing a simple but effective linear regression function to map the new data points. For semi-supervised dimension reduction, we aim to find the optimal prediction labels F for all the training samples X, the linear regression function h(X) and the regression residue F 0 = F - h (X) simultaneously. Our new objective function integrates two terms related to label fitness and manifold smoothness as well as a flexible penalty term defined on the residue F0. Our Semi-Supervised learning framework, referred to as flexible manifold embedding (FME), can effectively utilize label information from labeled data as well as a manifold structure from both labeled and unlabeled data. By modeling the mismatch between h(X)and F, we show that FME relaxes the hard linear constraint F = h (X) in manifold regularization (MR), making it better cope with the data sampled from a nonlinear manifold. In addition, we propose a simplified version (referred to as FME/U) for unsupervised dimension reduction. We also show that our proposed framework provides a unified view to explain and understand many semi-supervised, supervised and unsupervised dimension reduction techniques. Comprehensive experiments on several benchmark databases demonstrate the significant improvement over existing dimension reduction algorithms. © 2006 IEEE.

Feng Hao, Yu Zhong-Yuan, Liu Yu-Min, Lu Peng-Fei, Jia Bo-Yong, Yao Wen-Jie, Tian Hong-Da, Zhao Wei & Xu Zi-Huan 2010, 'Theoretical study on strain compensation layer for growth of quantum dots', Acta Physica Sinica, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 765-765.
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The optical properties of quantum dots have a close relationship with the size fluctuation，density，strain filed distribution of the dots and the spacer layer thickness. InAs/GaAs quantum dot with GaNXAs1-X strain compensation layers （SCL） is theoretically investigated for improving the crystal quality. The reduction effects of the spacer thickness are discussed quantitatively. The influence of the location and the N concentration of the GaNXAs1-X SCL on compensation of the strain formed on quantum dots （QDs） and the system is also discussed. The reduction effect of SCL on strain of system is analyzed and the vertical alignment probability between the adjacent layers is calculated. Our results can provide a theoretical basis for finding the optimal properties of SCL to realize the high quality multi-QD layer.

Feng, M, Dong, G, Li, J, Tan, Y-P & Wong, L 2010, 'PATTERN SPACE MAINTENANCE FOR DATA UPDATES AND INTERACTIVE MINING', COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 282-317.
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This article addresses the incremental and decremental maintenance of the frequent pattern space. We conduct an in-depth investigation on how the frequent pattern space evolves under both incremental and decremental updates. Based on the evolution analysis, a new data structure, Generator-Enumeration Tree (GE-tree), is developed to facilitate the maintenance of the frequent pattern space. With the concept of GE-tree, we propose two novel algorithms, Pattern Space Maintainer+ (PSM+) and Pattern Space Maintainer- (PSM-), for the incremental and decremental maintenance of frequent patterns. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms, on average, outperform the representative state-of-the-art methods by an order of magnitude. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Ferrie, C 2010, 'Quasi-probability representations of quantum theory with applications to quantum information science', Rep. Prog. Phys., vol. 74, no. 11, p. 116001.
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This article comprises a review of both the quasi-probability representationsof infinite-dimensional quantum theory (including the Wigner function) and themore recently defined quasi-probability representations of finite-dimensionalquantum theory. We focus on both the characteristics and applications of theserepresentations with an emphasis toward quantum information theory. We discussthe recently proposed unification of the set of possible quasi-probabilityrepresentations via frame theory and then discuss the practical relevance ofnegativity in such representations as a criteria for quantumness.

Fleming, PA, Argraves, WS, Gentile, C, Neagu, A, Forgacs, G & Drake, CJ 2010, 'Fusion of uniluminal vascular spheroids: A model for assembly of blood vessels', Developmental Dynamics, vol. 239, no. 2, pp. 398-406.
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AbstractWe evaluated the self‐assembly properties of uniluminal vascular spheroids having outer layers of vascular smooth muscle cells and a contiguous inner layer of endothelial cells lining a central lumen. We showed that while pairs of uniluminal vascular spheroids suspended in culture medium fused to form a larger diameter spheroidal structure, spheroids in collagen hydrogels formed elongated structures. These findings highlight the potential use of uniluminal vascular spheroids as modules to engineer blood vessels. We also demonstrate that uniluminal vascular spheroid fusion conforms to models describing the coalescence of liquid drops. Furthermore, the fusion of uniluminal vascular spheroids in vitro closely resembled the in vivo process by which the descending aorta forms from the fusion of the paired dorsal aortae during embryonic development. Together, the findings indicate that tissue liquidity underlies uniluminal vascular spheroid fusion and that in vivo anastomosis of blood vessels may involve a similar mechanism. Developmental Dynamics 239:398–406, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Gaddis, EJB & Voinov, A 2010, 'Spatially Explicit Modeling of Land Use Specific Phosphorus Transport Pathways to Improve TMDL Load Estimates and Implementation Planning', Water Resources Management, vol. 24, no. 8, pp. 1621-1644.
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Gaddis, EJB, Falk, HH, Ginger, C & Voinov, A 2010, 'Effectiveness of a participatory modeling effort to identify and advance community water resource goals in St. Albans, Vermont', Environmental Modelling & Software, vol. 25, no. 11, pp. 1428-1438.
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Gallagher, IJ, Scheele, C, Keller, P, Nielsen, AR, Remenyi, J, Fischer, CP, Roder, K, Babraj, J, Wahlestedt, C, Hutvagner, G, Pedersen, BK & Timmons, JA 2010, 'Integration of microRNA changes in vivo identifies novel molecular features of muscle insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes', Genome Medicine, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 9-9.
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Background: Skeletal muscle insulin resistance (IR) is considered a critical component of type II diabetes, yet to date IR has evaded characterization at the global gene expression level in humans. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are considered fine-scale rheostats of protein-coding gene product abundance. The relative importance and mode of action of miRNAs in human complex diseases remains to be fully elucidated. We produce a global map of coding and non-coding RNAs in human muscle IR with the aim of identifying novel disease biomarkers.Methods: We profiled >47,000 mRNA sequences and >500 human miRNAs using gene-chips and 118 subjects (n = 71 patients versus n = 47 controls). A tissue-specific gene-ranking system was developed to stratify thousands of miRNA target-genes, removing false positives, yielding a weighted inhibitor score, which integrated the net impact of both up- and down-regulated miRNAs. Both informatic and protein detection validation was used to verify the predictions of in vivo changes.Results: The muscle mRNA transcriptome is invariant with respect to insulin or glucose homeostasis. In contrast, a third of miRNAs detected in muscle were altered in disease (n = 62), many changing prior to the onset of clinical diabetes. The novel ranking metric identified six canonical pathways with proven links to metabolic disease while the control data demonstrated no enrichment. The Benjamini-Hochberg adjusted Gene Ontology profile of the highest ranked targets was metabolic (P < 7.4 × 10-8), post-translational modification (P < 9.7 × 10-5) and developmental (P < 1.3 × 10-6) processes. Protein profiling of six development-related genes validated the predictions. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein was detectable only in muscle satellite cells and was increased in diabetes patients compared with controls, consistent with the observation that global miRNA changes were opposite from those found during myogenic differentiation.Conclusions: We provide eviden...

Gallo, DA, Foster, KT, Wong, JT & Bennett, DA 2010, 'False recollection of emotional pictures in Alzheimer's disease', Neuropsychologia, vol. 48, no. 12, pp. 3614-3618.
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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) can reduce the effects of emotional content on memory for studied pictures, but less is known about false memory. In healthy adults, emotionally arousing pictures can be more susceptible to false memory effects than neutral pictures, potentially because emotional pictures share conceptual similarities that cause memory confusions. We investigated these effects in AD patients and healthy controls. Participants studied pictures and their verbal labels, and then picture recollection was tested using verbal labels as retrieval cues. Some of the test labels had been associated with a picture at study, whereas other had not. On this picture recollection test, we found that both AD patients and controls incorrectly endorsed some of the test labels that had not been studied with pictures. These errors were associated with medium to high levels of confidence, indicating some degree of false recollection. Critically, these false recollection judgments were greater for emotional compared to neutral items, especially for positively valenced items, in both AD patients and controls. Dysfunction of the amygdala and hippocampus in early AD may impair recollection, but AD did not disrupt the effect of emotion on false recollection judgments.

Galvin, AL, Jennings, LM, Tipper, JL, Ingham, E & Fisher, J 2010, 'Wear and Creep of Highly Crosslinked Polyethylene against Cobalt Chrome and Ceramic Femoral Heads', Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine, vol. 224, no. 10, pp. 1175-1183.
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The wear and creep characteristics of highly crosslinked ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) articulating against large-diameter (36 mm) ceramic and cobalt chrome femoral heads have been investigated in a physiological anatomical hip joint simulator for 10 million cycles. The crosslinked UHMWPE/ceramic combination showed higher volume deformation due to creep plus wear during the first 2 million cycles, and a steady-state wear rate 40 per cent lower than that of the crosslinked UHMWPE/cobalt chrome combination. Wear particles were isolated and characterized from the hip simulator lubricants. The wear particles were similar in size and morphology for both head materials. The particle isolation methodology used could not detect a statistically significant difference between the particles produced by the cobalt chrome and alumina ceramic femoral heads.

Gandomi, AH, Alavi, AH & Sahab, MG 2010, 'New formulation for compressive strength of CFRP confined concrete cylinders using linear genetic programming', Materials and Structures, vol. 43, no. 7, pp. 963-983.
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Gandomi, AH, Alavi, AH & Taghipour, A 2010, 'Discussion on “Alternative data-driven methods to estimate wind from waves by inverse modeling” by Mansi Daga, M. C. Deo [Natural Hazards (2008) NHAZ 524, Article 9299, DOI 10.1007/s11069-008-9299-2]', Natural Hazards, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 671-673.
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Gandomi, AH, Alavi, AH, Arjmandi, P, Aghaeifar, A & Seyednour, R 2010, 'Genetic programming and orthogonal least squares: a hybrid approach to modeling the compressive strength of CFRP-confined concrete cylinders', Journal of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 735-753.
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Gandomi, AH, Alavi, AH, Sahab, MG & Arjmandi, P 2010, 'Formulation of elastic modulus of concrete using linear genetic programming', Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 1273-1278.
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Gao, Y, Zhang, G, Ma, J & Lu, J 2010, 'A lambda-Cut and Goal-Programming-Based Algorithm for Fuzzy-Linear Multiple-Objective Bilevel Optimization', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON FUZZY SYSTEMS, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 1-13.
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Bilevel-programming techniques are developed to handle decentralized problems with two-level decision makers, which are leaders and followers, who may have more than one objective to achieve. This paper proposes a λ-cut and goal-programming-based algorithm to solve fuzzy-linear multiple-objective bilevel (FLMOB) decision problems. First, based on the definition of a distance measure between two fuzzy vectors using λ-cut, a fuzzy-linear bilevel goal (FLBG) model is formatted, and related theorems are proved. Then, using a λ-cut for fuzzy coefficients and a goal-programming strategy for multiple objectives, a λ-cut and goal-programming-based algorithm to solve FLMOB decision problems is presented. A case study for a newsboy problem is adopted to illustrate the application and executing procedure of this algorithm. Finally, experiments are carried out to discuss and analyze the performance of this algorithm. © 2006 IEEE.

Ge, Y, Sun, Y, Lu, S & Dutkiewicz, E 2010, 'A distributed decision making method in cognitive radio networks for spectrum management', Chinese Journal of Electronics, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 195-200.
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In order to make full utilization of the scarce spectrum resources for Cognitive radio networks, secondary users are expected to exploit the available spectrum of primary users. However, when there are several spectrum bands available, how to select an appropriate one for the secondary user according to the spectrum quality and the QoS requirements of different kinds of applications is a new challenge. In this paper, we propose a new Automatic distributed spectrum decision (ADSD) method to solve this problem. ADSD considers multiple spectrum characterization parameters, in particular, the primary users' arrival probability, to estimate the quality of the available spectrum bands. A weight auto-generation mechanism is included to automatically determine the weights of different parameters, thus avoiding the difficulty and irrationality when relying on the users to specify the weights directly. In addition, in conjunction with the reconfiguration mechanism, ADSD can reduce the rate of spectrum handoffs by reconfiguring the transmission parameters rather than making a new decision for the existing transmission. Simulation results show that without any users' interference, ADSD can automatically select the appropriate spectrum for transmission and significantly improve the Cognitive Radio network performance in terms of throughput and the spectrum handoff rate.

Geng, X, Smith-Miles, K, Wang, L, Li, M & Wu, Q 2010, 'Context-aware fusion: A case study on fusion of gait and face for human identification in video', Pattern Recognition, vol. 43, no. 10, pp. 3660-3673.
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Most work on multi-biometric fusion is based on static fusion rules. One prominent limitation of static fusion is that it cannot respond to the changes of the environment or the individual users. This paper proposes context-aware multi-biometric fusion, which can dynamically adapt the fusion rules to the real-time context. As a typical application, the context-aware fusion of gait and face for human identification in video is investigated. Two significant context factors that may affect the relationship between gait and face in the fusion are considered, i.e., view angle and subject-to-camera distance. Fusion methods adaptable to these two factors based on either prior knowledge or machine learning are proposed and tested. Experimental results show that the context-aware fusion methods perform significantly better than not only the individual biometric traits, but also those widely adopted static fusion rules including SUM, PRODUCT, MIN, and MAX. Moreover, context-aware fusion based on machine learning shows superiority over that based on prior knowledge. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Geng, XY, Indraratna, B & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2010, 'Analytical solutions for a single vertical drain with time-dependent vacuum combined surcharge preloading in membrane and membraneless systems', IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 10, pp. 012117-012117.
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Ghandeharioon, A, Indraratna, B & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2010, 'Analysis of Soil Disturbance Associated with Mandrel-Driven Prefabricated Vertical Drains Using an Elliptical Cavity Expansion Theory', International Journal of Geomechanics, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 53-64.
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Gide, E & Wu, M 2010, 'Strategies to teach information technology courses to international students as future global professionals: An Australian case', Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 4793-4799.
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Gide, E, Wu, M & Wang, X 2010, 'The influence of internationalisation of higher education: A China's study', Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 5675-5681.
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Gil-Lafuente, AM & Merigó, JM 2010, 'Decision Making Techniques in Political Management', Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing, vol. 254, pp. 389-405.
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In this paper, we develop a new decision making model and apply it in political management. We use a framework based on the use of ideals in the decision process and several similarity measures such as the Hamming distance, the adequacy coefficient and the index of maximum and minimum level. For each similarity measure, we use different types of aggregation operators such as the simple average, the weighted average, the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator and the generalized OWA (GOWA) operator. This new approach considers several attributes and different scenarios that may occur in the uncertain environment. We see that depending on the particular type of aggregation operator used the results may lead to different decisions. © 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Grassl, M, Ji, Z, Wei, Z & Zeng, B 2010, 'Quantum-capacity-approaching codes for the detected-jump channel', Physical Review A, vol. 82, no. 6.
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Gui, L, Xu, Y, Liu, B, Gong, L & Li, Y 2010, 'An iterative decoding technique and architecture for RS concatenated TCM coding systems', IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 1288-1296.
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Guo, L, Wang, S, Guo, N, Qiu, J, Zhu, JG, Guo, Y, Wang, Y & Xu, W 2010, 'Simulation and optimization of six-stage electromagnetic coilgun', International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 33, no. 1-2, pp. 465-471.
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This paper presents a method based on Current Hoop Model for the analysis and design of induction coilgun. The cylindrically symmetric armature is subdivided into concentric hoops with diverse rectangular crosssections, in each of which the current is assumed to be uniformly distributed. An equivalent analytical model considering mutual coupling of coils and armature hoops is constructed for dynamic simulation of the coilgun. Based on this model, the selfand mutualinductances of exciting winding and hoops are calculated by Neumann method. The circuit equations are solved coupled with the equation of motion of projectile by using the Treanor method to ensure the convergence. Comparison between the experimental results and the numerical results simulated by Finite Element method (FEM) shows the validity of the presented simulation method for coilgun. The optimization of a sixstage coilgun is achieved by employing the genetic algorithm (GA).

Guo, W, Ngo, H-H, Dharmawan, F & Palmer, CG 2010, 'Roles of polyurethane foam in aerobic moving and fixed bed bioreactors', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 101, no. 5, pp. 1435-1439.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of sponge as an active mobile carrier for attachedgrowth biomass in three typical types of aerobic bioreactors to treat a high strength synthetic wastewater. The results show that sponge thickness deteriorated the organic and nutrient removal and 1 cm is the optimumthickness for fixed-bed sponge biofilter (SBF). The sponge volume had significant impact on phosphorus removal rather than organic or nitrogen removal, and 20% volume of sponge could achieve 100% T-P removal within 3 h in a sponge batch reactor (SBR). When sponge coupled with submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR), the single system show outstanding ammonium (100% at filtration flux of 10 and 15 L/m2 h) and phosphorus (>91% at all fluxes range) removal with optimum pH range of 6â7

Guo, W, Ngo, H-H, Vigneswaran, S, Dharmawan, F, Nguyen, TT & Aryal, R 2010, 'Effect of different flocculants on short-term performance of submerged membrane bioreactor', SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY, vol. 70, no. 3, pp. 274-279.
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This study aims at evaluating the impacts of flocculant addition to a submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR). Three types of common flocculants (FeCl3, PACl and chitosan) were tested based on the performance of organic and nutrients removal, respiration test and fouling control. The data showed that all of the flocculants not only could keep high removal efficiencies of DOC and COD (>90%) compared to SMBR alone, but also exhibited different advantages and disadvantages according to the properties of the flocculants. For instance, inorganic flocculants strongly affected the nitrification process and organic flocculant addition slightly reduced the phosphorus removal efficiency in SMBR. After adding FeCl3 and PACl, NH4-N removal decreased to 31.9% and 11.1%, while T-N removal dropped to 22% and 0.5% respectively. Although flocculants addition improved sludge settleability and oxygen transfer to some extent, organic flocculant obtained more stable sludge volume indexes (SVI) and specific oxygen uptake rates (SOUR) than those of inorganic flocculants. Inorganic flocculants, on the other hand, led to more reduction of soluble microbial products (SMP) present in mixed liquor and lower membrane fouling rates (1.3 and 2.6 kPa/day for FeCl3 and PACl respectively). © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Guo, WS, Zhang, R, Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, HH & Kandasamy, J 2010, 'Membranes coupled with physico chemical treatment in water reuse', WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 513-519.
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In this study, short-term experiments were conducted with different configurations of membrane hybrid systems to treat biological treated sewage effluent containing refractory organic pollutants: (i) submerged hollow fiber microfiltration (SMF) alone; (ii) spiral flocculator (SF)-SMF without settling; (iii) SF-PAC-SMF without settling and (iv) SMF with magnetic ion exchange resin MIEXw pretreatment. The results indicated that the pre-flocculation of SF could improve the mitigation of membrane fouling significantly even when the system was operated at a high membrane filtration rate. The transmembrane pressure (TMP) of SF-PAC-SMF only increased marginally (0.8 kPa over 8 hours). SF-SMF without the addition of powdered activated carbon (PAC) also took a relatively long duration for the TMP to increase. The TMP only increased by 2.5 kPa over 8 hours. The SF-PAC-MF system resulted in a high dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal of more than 96%. When used as pre-treatment to submerged membranes, the fluidized bed MIEXw contactor could remove a significant amount of organic matter in wastewater. This pre-treatment helped to reduce the membrane fouling and kept the TMP low during the membrane operation.

Guo, X, Lu, X, Fang, X, Mao, Y, Wang, Z, Chen, L, Xu, X, Yang, H & Liu, Y 2010, 'Lithium storage in hollow spherical ZnFe2O4 as anode materials for lithium ion batteries', Electrochemistry Communications, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 847-850.
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Guo, Z, Dong, Y, Wang, J & Lu, H 2010, 'The Forecasting Procedure for Long-Term Wind Speed in the Zhangye Area', Mathematical Problems in Engineering, vol. 2010, pp. 1-17.
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Energy crisis has made it urgent to find alternative energy sources for sustainable energy supply; wind energy is one of the attractive alternatives. Within a wind energy system, the wind speed is one key parameter; accurately forecasting of wind speed can minimize the scheduling errors and in turn increase the reliability of the electric power grid and reduce the power market ancillary service costs. This paper proposes a new hybrid model for long-term wind speed forecasting based on the first definite season index method and the Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) models or the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) forecasting models. The forecasting errors are analyzed and compared with the ones obtained from the ARMA, GARCH model, and Support Vector Machine (SVM); the simulation process and results show that the developed method is simple and quite efficient for daily average wind speed forecasting of Hexi Corridor in China.

Ha, PN, Fujita, H, Uchida, N & Ozaki, K 2010, 'Analysis and Control of Heat Distribution in a Zone-Control Induction Heating System', IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 130, no. 7, pp. 926-932.
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Haddad, K, Rahman, A, Weinmann, PE, Kuczera, G & Ball, J 2010, 'Streamflow data Preparation for Regional Flood Frequency Analysis: Lessons from Southeast Australia', Australasian Journal of Water Resources, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 17-32.
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This paper presents a case study on streamf ow data preparation for a regional f ood frequency analysis (RFFA) project for the states of Victoria and NSW, in connection with the forthcoming edition of Australian Rainfall and Runoff. The study gathered annual maximum f ood series data for a large number of stations from Victoria and NSW, and applied various statistical techniques to prepare the f nal data set. It was found that a large primary data set, even if selected using a fairly stringent set of criteria, cannot guarantee a similarly large f nal data set, as streamf ow data are affected by many sources of uncertainty. The trade-offs between quality and quantity are discussed and illustrated. The maximum rating ratio, def ned as the ratio of the largest estimated f ow and the maximum measured f ow at a gauging station, is used to identify stations whose quantiles may be seriously affected by rating curve errors. In a case study involving Victorian stations, the importance of maintaining a high spatial coverage of stations was demonstrated. It was shown that a 50% reduction in the number of stations used in a RFFA resulted in an increase of the standard error of prediction of f ood quantiles up to 90%. © Institution of Engineers Australia, 2010.

Hain, D, Bettencourt, BR, Okamura, K, Csorba, T, Meyer, W, Jin, Z, Biggerstaff, J, Siomi, H, Hutvagner, G, Lai, EC, Welte, M & Müller, H-AJ 2010, 'Natural Variation of the Amino-Terminal Glutamine-Rich Domain in Drosophila Argonaute2 Is Not Associated with Developmental Defects', PLoS ONE, vol. 5, no. 12, pp. e15264-e15264.
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The Drosophila argonaute2 (ago2) gene plays a major role in siRNA mediated RNA silencing pathways. Unlike mammalian Argonaute proteins, the Drosophila protein has an unusual amino-terminal domain made up largely of multiple copies of glutamine-rich repeats (GRRs). We report here that the ago2 locus produces an alternative transcript that encodes a putative short isoform without this amino-terminal domain. Several ago2 mutations previously reported to be null alleles only abolish expression of the long, GRR-containing isoform. Analysis of drop out (dop) mutations had previously suggested that variations in GRR copy number result in defects in RNAi and embryonic development. However, we find that dop mutations genetically complement transcript-null alleles of ago2 and that ago2 alleles with variant GRR copy numbers support normal development. In addition, we show that the assembly of the central RNAi machinery, the RISC (RNA induced silencing complex), is unimpaired in embryos when GRR copy number is altered. In fact, we find that GRR copy number is highly variable in natural D. melanogaster populations as well as in laboratory strains. Finally, while many other insects share an extensive, glutamine-rich Ago2 amino-terminal domain, its primary sequence varies drastically between species. Our data indicate that GRR variation does not modulate an essential function of Ago2 and that the amino-terminal domain of Ago2 is subject to rapid evolution. © 2010 Hain et al.

Hakimi, M, Feizi, N, Hassani, H, Vahedi, H & Thomas, PS 2010, 'Regeneration of Aromatic Carbonyl Compounds from the Corresponding Oximes Using Tetrapyridine Silver(II) Peroxydisulfate in Acetonitrile and Aqueous Media', Synthetic Communications, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 725-731.
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The results of the recovery of both aldehyde and ketone carbonyl functionalities from the oxime derivatives in aromatic carbonyl compounds using tetrapyridine silver(II) peroxydisulfate [Ag(py)4S2O8] as a stable, mild, and efficient oxidizing agent is reported. Yields in excess of 85% were achieved at room temperature in both acetonitrile and aqueous media, making the method versatile and suitable for a wide range of aromatic carbonyl oximes.

Hao, H, Stewart, MG, Li, Z-X & Shi, Y 2010, 'RC Column Failure Probabilities to Blast Loads', International Journal of Protective Structures, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 571-591.
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Structural reliability analyses are commonly applied to estimation of probabilities of structural damage to static and dynamic loads such as earthquake, wind and wave loads. Although blast loadings acting on structures from accidental explosions or hostile bombings are very difficult to be accurately predicted owing to many uncertain parameters that influence explosion shock wave propagation and shock wave interaction with structures, reliability analyses of structural failure to blast loadings with consideration of uncertainties in blast loading and structural parameters are very limited. Instead, a large safety factor is usually used to account for uncertain variations in blast loading and structural parameters in blast-resistant design and analysis. This may lead to an inaccurate design of structures to resist blast loads, and an inaccurate assessment of structure performance in a given explosion scenario. In this study, reliability analyses of three example RC columns to randomly varying blast loads are carried out. The column dimensions, reinforcement ratios and material strengths are assumed to be normally distributed with the respective design parameters as the mean values. The mean value and standard deviation of the peak reflected pressure and duration of the blast load at various scaled distances are derived from available empirical formulae, and are used in this study to model the blast pressure variations. Failure probabilities of the example RC columns subjected to blast loads of different scaled distances are estimated. Numerical results are compared with those obtained with the deterministic blast loading or deterministic column property assumptions. The importance of considering the random variations of structural properties and blast loadings in assessing the blast load effects on RC columns is discussed.

Hao, X, Wang, Q, Cao, Y & van Loosdrecht, MCM 2010, 'Experimental evaluation of decrease in the activities of polyphosphate/glycogen‐accumulating organisms due to cell death and activity decay in activated sludge', Biotechnology and Bioengineering, vol. 106, no. 3, pp. 399-407.
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AbstractDecrease in bacterial activity (biomass decay) in activated sludge can result from cell death (reduction in the amount of active bacteria) and activity decay (reduction in the specific activity of active bacteria). The goal of this study was to experimentally differentiate between cell death and activity decay as the cause of decrease in bacterial activity. By means of measuring maximal anaerobic phosphate release rates, verifying membrane integrity by live/dead staining and verifying presence of 16S rRNA with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), the decay rates and death rates of polyphosphate‐accumulating organisms (PAOs) in a biological nutrient removal (BNR) system and a laboratory phosphate removing sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system were determined, respectively, under famine conditions. In addition, the decay rate and death rate of glycogen‐accumulating organisms (GAOs) in a SBR system with an enrichment culture of GAOs were also measured under famine conditions. Hereto the maximal anaerobic volatile fatty acid uptake rates, live/dead staining, and FISH were used. The experiments revealed that in the BNR and enriched PAO‐SBR systems, activity decay contributed 58% and 80% to the decreased activities of PAOs, and that cell death was responsible for 42% and 20% of decreases in their respective activities. In the enriched GAOs system, activity decay constituted a proportion of 74% of the decreased activity of GAOs, and cell death only accounted for 26% of the decrease of their activity. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010; 106: 399–407. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Hao, X, Wang, Q, Cao, Y & van Loosdrecht, MCM 2010, 'Measuring the activities of higher organisms in activated sludge by means of mechanical shearing pretreatment and oxygen uptake rate', Water Research, vol. 44, no. 13, pp. 3993-4001.
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Hao, X-D, Wang, Q-L, Zhu, J-Y & Van Loosdrecht, MCM 2010, 'Microbiological Endogenous Processes in Biological Wastewater Treatment Systems', Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 239-265.
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Hasan, AM, Saied, P, Arvin, PAK, Biswajeet, P, Nikouravan, B & Mansor, S 2010, 'Disasters and risk reduction in groundwater: Zagros mountain southwest Iran using geoinformatics techniques', Disaster Advances, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 51-57.
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For more effective use of ground fresh water resources, a remote sensing and GIS have been used in many places in last decades. The digital topographic maps in scale 1:25000 within GIS environment have been studied to observe the risk reduction and changing of the water resources because of the tectonic activities which are crucial to generate a groundwater disaster in the study area. The area has been visually and digitally interpreted to delineate DEM, drainage network, drainage basin, karst landforms, lineaments and lithology for ground water reduction and possible new locations to explore and reduce the risk reduction and disasters. Image elements are used during visual and digital interpretation. Extensive field works have been attempted using global positioning system (GPS) to collect water samples. The study shows that the groundwater is controlled by geomorphology, landslides, lineament analysis, lithology and topography in the study area. This study shows the advantages of remote sensing and GIS techniques for Karst and water resources study. Use of GIS-technologies makes it possible to construct 3D models of river basins and adjust theoretical reserves of the deposits.

Haskett, M, Oehlers, DJ, Ali, M & Wu, C 2010, 'Analysis of Moment Redistribution in Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Plated RC Beams', Journal of Composites for Construction, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 424-433.
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Hawryszkiewycz, IT 2010, 'Supporting production processes with lightweight platforms', Production Planning & Control, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 119-129.
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This article begins by describing the trend towards greater adaptability in today's business processes and its implication for supply chains and their emerging characteristics. One such characteristic is greater emphasis on the need for collaboration for

Ho, DP, Senthilnanthan, M, Mohammad, JA, Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, HH, Mahinthakumar, G & Kandasamy, J 2010, 'The Application of Photocatalytic Oxidation in Removing Pentachlorophenol from Contaminated Water', JOURNAL OF ADVANCED OXIDATION TECHNOLOGIES, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 21-26.
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The degradation of sodium salt of pentachlorophenol (PCPS) by photocatalysis with titanium dioxide (TiO2) as the catalyst was investigated. The residual PCPS after photo-degradation was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) while the c

Ho, DP, Vigneswaran, S & Ngo, HH 2010, 'Integration of Photocatalysis and Microfiltration in Removing Effluent Organic Matter from Treated Sewage Effluent', SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 155-162.
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An integration of photocatalysis with low-pressure submerged membrane has attracted growing interest for its synergic advantages in water and wastewater treatment. In this study, the adsorption and photocatalytic oxidation of organic compounds by UV light responsive titanium dioxide (TiO2) were investigated. First, the adsorption behavior of the TiO2 was examined by the adsorption isotherm and kinetics experiments. The photocatalytic reactivity of the catalysts was then compared at different operating conditions. The results indicate that the Freundlich model described well the adsorption capacity of both materials. The photocatalytic kinetics showed that the highest removal of effluent organic matter (EfOM) was achieved at an optimum concentration of 1.0 g/L of TiO2. In addition, it was found that the pre-photosensitization with titanium dioxide/ultra-voilet radiation (TiO2/UV) could effectively reduce membrane fouling and enhance the permeate flux of the submerged membrane reactor when it was used as a post-treatment. An increase of 10% in organic removal efficiency was achieved by the posttreatment of membrane filtration. The sustainable flux of the membrane reactor increased from 25 up to 40 L/m2.h when the pretreatment of photocatalysis was used.

Homer, CSE, Catling-Paull, CJ, Sinclair, D, Faizah, N, Balasubramanian, V, Foureur, MJ, Hoang, DB & Lawrence, E 2010, 'Developing an interactive electronic maternity record', British Journal of Midwifery, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 384-389.
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Women have a strong need to be involved in their own maternity care. Pregnancy hand-held records encourage women's participation in their maternity care; gives them an increased sense of control and improves communication among care providers. They have been successfully used in the UK and New Zealand for almost 20 years. Despite evidence that supports the use of hand-held records, widespread introduction has not occurred in Australia. The need for an electronic version of pregnancy hand-held records has become apparent, especially after the introduction of the Electronic Medical Record in Australia. A personal digital assistant (PDA) was developed as an interactive antenatal electronic maternity record that health-care providers could use in any setting and women could access using the internet. This article will describe the testing of the antenatal electronic maternity record.

Ho‐Pham, LT, Lai, TQ, Nguyen, ND, Barrett‐Connor, E & Nguyen, TV 2010, 'Similarity in Percent Body Fat Between White and Vietnamese Women: Implication for a Universal Definition of Obesity', Obesity, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 1242-1246.
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It has been widely assumed that for a given BMI, Asians have higher percent body fat (PBF) than whites, and that the BMI threshold for defining obesity in Asians should be lower than the threshold for whites. This study sought to test this assumption by comparing the PBF between US white and Vietnamese women. The study was designed as a comparative cross‐sectional investigation. In the first study, 210 Vietnamese women ages between 50 and 85 were randomly selected from various districts in Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam). In the second study, 419 women of the same age range were randomly selected from the Rancho Bernardo Study (San Diego, CA). In both studies, lean mass (LM) and fat mass (FM) were measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) (QDR 4500; Hologic). PBF was derived as FM over body weight. Compared with Vietnamese women, white women had much more FM (24.8 ± 8.1 kg vs. 18.8 ± 4.9 kg; P < 0.0001) and greater PBF (36.4 ± 6.5% vs. 35.0 ± 6.2%; P = 0.012). However, there was no significant difference in PBF between the two groups after matching for BMI (35.1 ± 6.2% vs. 35.0 ± 5.7%; P = 0.87) or for age and BMI (35.6 ± 5.1% vs. 35.8 ± 5.9%; P = 0.79). Using the criteria of BMI ≥30, 19% of US white women and 5% of Vietnamese women were classified as obese. Approximately 54% of US white women and 53% of Vietnamese women had their PBF >35% (P = 0.80). Although white women had greater BMI, body weight, and FM than Vietnamese women, their PBF was virtually identical. Further research is required to derive a more appropriate BMI threshold for defining obesity for Asian women.

Ho-Pham, LT, Nguyen, ND, Lai, TQ & Nguyen, TV 2010, 'Contributions of lean mass and fat mass to bone mineral density: a study in postmenopausal women', BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, vol. 11, no. 1.
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Background: The relative contribution of lean and fat to the determination of bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women is a contentious issue. The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that lean mass is a better determinant of BMD than fat mass. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 210 postmenopausal women of Vietnamese background, aged between 50 and 85 years, who were randomly sampled from various districts in Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam). Whole body scans, femoral neck, and lumbar spine BMD were measured by DXA (QDR 4500, Hologic Inc., Waltham, MA). Lean mass (LM) and fat mass (FM) were derived from the whole body scan. Furthermore, lean mass index (LMi) and fat mass index (FMi) were calculated as ratio of LM or FM to body height in metre squared (m2). Results: In multiple linear regression analysis, both LM and FM were independent and significant predictors of BMD at the spine and femoral neck. Age, lean mass and fat mass collectively explained 33% variance of lumbar spine and 38% variance of femoral neck BMD. Replacing LM and FM by LMi and LMi did not alter the result. In both analyses, the influence of LM or LMi was greater than FM and FMi. Simulation analysis suggested that a study with 1000 individuals has a 78% chance of finding the significant effects of both LM and FM, and a 22% chance of finding LM alone significant, and zero chance of finding the effect of fat mass alone. Conclusions: These data suggest that both lean mass and fat mass are important determinants of BMD. For a given body size -- measured either by lean mass or height --women with greater fat mass have greater BMD.

Ho-Pham, LT, Nguyen, ND, Nguyen, TT, Nguyen, DH, Bui, PK, Nguyen, VN & Nguyen, TV 2010, 'Association between vitamin D insufficiency and tuberculosis in a vietnamese population', BMC Infectious Diseases, vol. 10, no. 1.
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Background: Recent in vitro evidence suggests a link between vitamin D status and the risk of tuberculosis (TB). This study sought to examine the association between vitamin D status, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and the risk of TB in a Vietnamese population. Methods: The study was designed as a matched case-control study, which involved 166 TB patients (113 men and 53 women), who were age-and-sex matched with 219 controls (113 men and 106 women). The average age of men and women was 49 and 50, respectively. TB was diagnosed by the presence of acid-fast bacilli on smears from sputum, and the isolation of M. tuberculosis. All patients were hospitalized for treatment in a TB specialist hospital. Controls were randomly drawn from the general community within the Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam. 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D] and PTH was measured prior to treatment by an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) on a Roche Elecsys. A serum level of 25(OH) D below 30 ng/mL was deemed to be vitamin D insufficient. Results: The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency was 35.4% in men with TB and 19.5% in controls (P = 0.01). In women, there were no significant differences in serum 25(OH) D and serum PTH levels between TB patients and controls. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in women with TB (45.3%) was not significantly different from those without TB (47.6%; P = 0.91). However, in both genders, serum calcium levels in TB patients were significantly lower than in non-TB individuals. Smoking (odds ratio [OR] 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10 - 14.7), reduced 25(OH) D (OR per standard deviation [SD]: 1.14; 95% CI 1.07 - 10.7) and increased PTH (OR per SD 1.13; 95% CI 1.05 - 10.4) were independently associated with increased risk of TB in men. Conclusion: These results suggest that vitamin D insufficiency was a risk factor for tuberculosis in men, but not in women. However, it remains to be established whether the association is a causal relationship.

Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR & Kumble, C 2010, 'Decentralized robust static synchronous compensator control for wind farms to augment dynamic transfer capability', Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 022701-022701.
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This paper presents an algorithm to design a decentralized robust controller for static synchronous compensators (STATCOMs) using minimax linear quadratic output-feedback control design approach. There is an increase in the available (dynamic) transfer capability of power systems with fixed-speed wind generators due to the designed decentralized controllers. The effects of the integration of various types of wind generators into power systems based on transfer limit have also been analyzed in this paper. The effectiveness of the suggested control strategy is validated by simulations on a benchmark two area power system. The performance of the designed controller is also compared to a conventional proportional-integral-based STATCOM controller. Simulation results show that both the dynamic voltage stability and the transient stability can be improved by using the robust STATCOM control proposed in this paper.

Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR, Ugrinovskii, VA & Ramos, RA 2010, 'Simultaneous STATCOM and Pitch Angle Control for Improved LVRT Capability of Fixed-Speed Wind Turbines', IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 142-151.
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Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR, Ugrinovskii, VA & Ramos, RA 2010, 'Voltage mode stabilisation in power systems with dynamic loads', International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 32, no. 9, pp. 911-920.
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Hossein Alavi, A, Hossein Gandomi, A, Mollahassani, A, Akbar Heshmati, A & Rashed, A 2010, 'Modeling of maximum dry density and optimum moisture content of stabilized soil using artificial neural networks', Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, vol. 173, no. 3, pp. 368-379.
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AbstractThis study considers the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict the maximum dry density (MDD) and optimum moisture content (OMC) of soil‐stabilizer mix. Multilayer perceptron (MLP), one of the most widely used ANN architectures in the literature, is utilized to construct comprehensive and accurate models relating the MDD and OMC of stabilized soil to the properties of natural soil such as particle‐size distribution, plasticity, linear shrinkage, and the type and quantity of stabilizing additives. Five ANN models are constructed using different combinations of the input parameters. Two separate sets of ANN prediction models, one for MDD and the other for OMC, and also a combined ANN model for multiple outputs are developed using the potentially influential input parameters. Relative‐importance values of various inputs of the models are calculated to determine the significance of each of the predictor variables to MDD and OMC. Inferring the most relevant input parameters based on Garson's algorithm, modified ANN models are separately developed for MDD and OMC. The modified ANN models are utilized to introduce explicit formulations of MDD and OMC. A parametric study is also conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of MDD and OMC due to the variation of the most influencing input parameters. A comprehensive set of data including a wide range of soil types obtained from the previously published stabilization test results is used for training and testing the prediction models. The performance of ANN‐based models is subsequently analyzed and compared in detail. The results demonstrate that the accuracy of the proposed models is satisfactory as compared to the experimental results.

Hosseini Hashemi, S, Es’haghi, M & Karimi, M 2010, 'Closed-form solution for free vibration of piezoelectric coupled annular plates using Levinson plate theory', Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, no. 9, pp. 1390-1408.
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Free vibration analysis of annular moderately thick plates integrated with piezoelectric layers is investigated in this study for different combinations of soft simply supported, hard simply supported and clamped boundary conditions at the inner and outer edges of the annular plate on the basis of the Levinson plate theory (LPT). The distribution of electric potential along the thickness direction in the piezoelectric layer is assumed as a sinusoidal function so that the Maxwell static electricity equation is approximately satisfied. The differential equations of motion are solved analytically for various boundary conditions of the plate. In this study the closed-form solution for characteristic equations, displacement components of the plate and electric potential are derived for the first time in the literature. To demonstrate the accuracy of the present solution, comparison studies is first carried out with the available data in the literature and then natural frequencies of the piezoelectric coupled annular plate are presented for different thickness-radius ratios, inner-outer radius ratios, thickness of piezoelectric, material of piezoelectric and boundary conditions. Present analytical model provides design reference for piezoelectric material application, such as sensors, actuators and ultrasonic motors. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Hosseini Hashemi, S, Es’haghi, M & Karimi, M 2010, 'Closed-form vibration analysis of thick annular functionally graded plates with integrated piezoelectric layers', International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 410-428.
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This paper employs an analytical method to analyze vibration of piezoelectric coupled thick annular functionally graded plates (FGPs) subjected to different combinations of soft simply supported, hard simply supported and clamped boundary conditions at the inner and outer edges of the annular plate on the basis of the Reddy’s third-order shear deformation theory (TSDT). The properties of host plate are graded in the thickness direction according to a volume fraction power-law distribution. The distribution of electric potential along the thickness direction in the piezoelectric layer is assumed as a sinusoidal function so that the Maxwell static electricity equation is approximately satisfied. The differential equations of motion are solved analytically for various boundary conditions of the plate. In this study closed-form expressions for characteristic equations, displacement components of the plate and electric potential are derived for the first time in the literature. The present analysis is validated by comparing results with those in the literature and then natural frequencies of the piezoelectric coupled annular FG plate are presented in tabular and graphical forms for different thickness-radius ratios, inner-outer radius ratios, thickness of piezoelectric, material of piezoelectric, power index and boundary conditions. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Hosseini Hashemi, S, Karimi, M & Rokni Damavandi Taher, H 2010, 'Vibration analysis of rectangular Mindlin plates on elastic foundations and vertically in contact with stationary fluid by the Ritz method', Ocean Engineering, vol. 37, no. 2-3, pp. 174-185.
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In this study Free vibration analysis of vertical rectangular Mindlin plates resting on Pasternak elastic foundation and fully or partially in contact with fluid on their one side is investigated for different combinations of boundary conditions. The plate is assumed to be one of vertical rectangular walls of a container in contact with fluid. In order to analyze the interaction of the Mindlin plate with the elastic foundation and fluid system, three displacement components of the plate are expressed in the Ritz method by adopting a set of static Timoshenko beam functions satisfying geometric boundary conditions in a Cartesian co-ordinate system. The method of separation of variables and the method of Fourier series expansion is used to model fluid and to obtain the exact expression of the motion of fluid in the form of integral equations. The fluid domain is finite in depth and width but infinite in the length direction. To demonstrate the accuracy of the present solution, convergence study is first carried out and then a few comparison studies are carried out with the available data in the literature. Finally, natural frequencies of rectangular plates are presented in tabular and graphical forms for different fluid levels, foundation parameters, aspect ratios, thickness to width ratios and boundary conditions. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Hosseini, SSS & Gandomi, AH 2010, 'Discussion of 'Economic Load Dispatch A Comparative Study on Heuristic Optimization Techniques With an Improved Coordinated Aggregation-Based PSO'', IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 590-590.
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Hosseini, SSS & Gandomi, AH 2010, 'Discussion on “Enhancement of combined heat and power economic dispatch using self adaptive real-coded genetic algorithm, by P. Subbaraj et al., Applied Energy 86 (2009) 915–921.”', Applied Energy, vol. 87, no. 4, pp. 1459-1459.
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Hosseini-Hashemi, S, Karimi, M & Hossein Rokni, DT 2010, 'Hydroelastic vibration and buckling of rectangular Mindlin plates on Pasternak foundations under linearly varying in-plane loads', Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, vol. 30, no. 12, pp. 1487-1499.
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Hydroelastic vibration and buckling analysis of horizontal rectangular plates resting on Pasternak foundation and subjected to linearly varying in-plane loads is investigated for different boundary conditions. Fluid is assumed to be inviscid and incompressible. To analyze the interaction of the Mindlin plate with the elastic foundation and fluid system, three displacement components of the plate are expressed in the Ritz method by adopting a set of static Timoshenko beam functions satisfying geometric boundary conditions. Convergence study is first carried out to confirm the stability of the present method. Then, a few comparisons are made for limited cases between present results and the available data in the literature. Finally, parametric study is conducted to highlight the effects of loading factors, fluid levels, foundation stiffness parameters, aspect ratios, thickness to width ratios and different boundary conditions on the critical buckling loads and wet natural frequencies of rectangular plates. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.

Hsieh, M-H & Gall, FL 2010, 'NP-hardness of decoding quantum error-correction codes', Physical Review A, vol. 83, no. 5, pp. 052331-5.
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Though the theory of quantum error correction is intimately related to theclassical coding theory, in particular, one can construct quantum errorcorrection codes (QECCs) from classical codes with the dual containingproperty, this does not necessarily imply that the computational complexity ofdecoding QECCs is the same as their classical counterparts. Instead, decodingQECCs can be very much different from decoding classical codes due to thedegeneracy property. Intuitively, one expect degeneracy would simplify thedecoding since two different errors might not and need not be distinguished inorder to correct them. However, we show that general quantum decoding problemis NP-hard regardless of the quantum codes being degenerate or non-degenerate.This finding implies that no considerably fast decoding algorithm exists forthe general quantum decoding problems, and suggests the existence of a quantumcryptosystem based on the hardness of decoding QECCs.

Hu, B-L, Zheng, P, Tang, C-J, Chen, J-W, van der Biezen, E, Zhang, L, Ni, B-J, Jetten, MSM, Yan, J, Yu, H-Q & Kartal, B 2010, 'Identification and quantification of anammox bacteria in eight nitrogen removal reactors', Water Research, vol. 44, no. 17, pp. 5014-5020.
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Hu, HS, Wang, J, Jiang, XZ, Li, YC & Li, ZC 2010, 'Design and controllability analysis of a gun magnetorheological recoil damper', Zhendong yu Chongji/Journal of Vibration and Shock, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 184-188.
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According to gun magnetorheological (MR) recoil damper's characteristics, aiming at the recoil part of a gun system under high impact and high-speed environment, the recoil resistance force's effect on the quiescence and firing stability of the gun was studied. The controllability of a magnetorheological damper to the gun recoil part's movement was also studied. A new gun magnetorheological recoil damper was designed and developed. And a suit of real-time measuring and controlling simulation experimental platform including hardware and software for dynamic response of a gun MR recoil damper under impact load was developed. Considering the dynamic behavior of the MR damper under impact load, an inertia factor was introduced into the dynamic model of the recoil part of the gun system. A shock test was done to measure the designed long-stroke MR damper's dynamic performance under impact load. To evaluate the control effect of the MR damper on the gun recoil movement during recoiling, a hardware-in-loop simulation and a test were performed. The testing results showed that the recoil's resistance and stroke of the designed gun MR recoil damper under impact load can be controlled by changing the applied current. The results lay a foundation for the integrated design and engineering application of the gun recoil force and stroke control.

Hu, S, Zheng, Z, Yuan, X, Wang, W, Song, Y, Sun, H & Xu, J 2010, 'Increasing Long-Term Major Vascular Events and Resource Consumption in Patients Receiving Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass', Circulation, vol. 121, no. 16, pp. 1800-1808.
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Background— Despite its widespread use and short-term efficacy, substantial uncertainty remains about the long-term outcomes and cost-effectiveness of off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB). Methods and Results— A retrospective review of prospectively collected data was conducted of 6665 consecutive patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) at our institution during 1999 to 2006. All patients were followed up until September 30, 2008. Short- and long-term outcomes were compared between OPCAB and conventional CABG. The 2 main long-term outcome measures were repeat revascularization and the composite outcome of major vascular events. Cost comparison at 2 years in a propensity-matched sample during follow-up was also a study interest. The overall mean baseline age was 60.3±8.6 years, and 17.0% were women. Compared with conventional CABG, patients who underwent OPCAB had lower rates of atrial fibrillation ( P =0.003) and requirements for blood transfusion ( P =0.03) and ventilation time >24 hours ( P <0.001). After an average of 4.5 years of follow-up, the rates of repeat revascularization (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.40; 95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 1.89) and major vascular events (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.09 to 1.39) were significantly higher in the OPCAB than the conventional CABG group. At 2 years, OPCAB was associated with increased additional direct costs per patient compared with conventional CABG and had a similar survival rate. ...

Hu, S-S, Fan, H-G, Zheng, Z, Feng, W, Wang, W, Song, Y-H, Wang, L-Q, Yuan, X & Zhang, S-J 2010, 'Left ventricular reconstruction with no-patch technique: early and late clinical outcomes.', Chin Med J (Engl), vol. 123, no. 23, pp. 3412-3416.
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BACKGROUND: Few studies have evaluated late clinical outcome of no-patch technique in patients with large left ventricular aneurysms. The objectives of this study were to evaluate a no-patch surgical technique to reconstruct the left ventricle in patients with left ventricular aneurysm and to assess early and late clinical outcomes. METHODS: In 1995, we began using a no-patch technique in patients with dyskinetic left ventricular aneurysms. A total of 145 patients underwent left ventricular reconstruction with this technique and were followed up for (59 ± 29) months (range, 1 - 127 months). Risk factors for early mortality were analyzed by bivariate analyses. Cox's proportional hazards model was used to calculate risk factors for all-cause mortality and hospital readmission. Kaplan-Meier methodology was used to analyze late survival. RESULTS: One week after operation, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter had decreased from (61 ± 8) mm to (55 ± 8) mm, and geometry of the left ventricle was restored to a more normal conical shape. Early mortality was 3% and late mortality 11%. Over a 5-year follow-up period, hospital readmission was 28%. One-, 5-, and 10-year survival estimates were 95% (95% confidence interval (CI) 91% - 99%), 86% (95%CI 78% - 94%), and 74% (95%CI 60% - 88%). Readmission-free survival at 1 and 5 years after operation was 87% (95%CI 81% - 93%) and 60% (95%CI 50% - 70%), respectively. CONCLUSION: The no-patch technique for left ventricular reconstruction is an effective and simple procedure that can achieve satisfactory early and late clinical outcomes in patients with left ventricular aneurysms.

Huang, X, Guo, YJ & Bunton, JD 2010, 'A hybrid adaptive antenna array', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 1770-1779.
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Owing to the excessive demand on signal processing and space constraint, a full digital implementation of a large adaptive antenna array at millimeter wave frequencies is very challenging. Targeted at long range high data rate point-topoint link in the 70/80 GHz bands, a novel hybrid adaptive antenna array which consists of analogue subarrays followed by a digital beamformer is presented in this paper to overcome the digital implementation difficulty. Two subarray configurations, the interleaved subarray and the side-by-side subarray, are proposed, and two Doppler resilient adaptive angle-of-arrival estimation and beamforming algorithms, the differential beam tracking (DBT) and the differential beam search (DBS), are developed. Simulation results on the DBT and DBS performance are provided using a 64 element hybrid planar array of four 4 by 4 element subarrays with the two subarray configurations, respectively. Recursive mean square error (MSE) bounds of the developed algorithms are also analyzed and compared with simulated MSEs. © 2006 IEEE.

Huang, X, Wen, B & Ding, F 2010, 'Ship detection and tracking using multi-frequency HFSWR', IEICE Electronics Express, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 410-415.
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Huang, Z, Gallucci, J, Chen, X, Yisgedu, T, Lingam, HK, Shore, SG & Zhao, J-C 2010, 'Li2B12H12·7NH3: a new ammine complex for ammonia storage or indirect hydrogen storage', Journal of Materials Chemistry, vol. 20, no. 14, pp. 2743-2743.
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Huang, Z, King, G, Chen, X, Hoy, J, Yisgedu, T, Lingam, HK, Shore, SG, Woodward, PM & Zhao, J-C 2010, 'A Simple and Efficient Way to Synthesize Unsolvated Sodium Octahydrotriborate', Inorganic Chemistry, vol. 49, no. 18, pp. 8185-8187.
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Hung Gia Hoang, Hoang Duong Tuan & Nguyen, TQ 2010, 'Optimized Analog Flat Filter Design', IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 901-906.
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This paper proposes a systematic approach for the optimized design of analog filters, which includes all well-known classical analog filters as a special case. All specifications including the conventional ones and also filter flatness degrees are explic

HUO, H, CHEN, Q-K, WANG, G-R, PENG, D-L, HAO, J-T & GAO, L-P 2010, 'The Adaptive Fragmentation for XML Stream Dissemination', Chinese Journal of Computers, vol. 33, no. 10, pp. 1953-1962.
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Huo, H, Wang, G, Chen, Q & Peng, D 2010, 'SLCA algorithm for XML streams based on hole-filler model', Jisuanji Yanjiu yu Fazhan/Computer Research and Development, vol. 47, no. 5, pp. 886-892.
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Unlike in traditional databases, queries on XML streams are bounded not only by memory but also by real time processing. A novel technique for keyword search over streamed XML fragments is presented, which adopts broadcast model and hole-filler model for XML fragments dissemination, addressing the problem of disordered fragment transmission and considering the quality of searching results due to either keyword mismatch or data absence. Two efficient indexes for candidate elements are developed to further improve the performance: Hierarchical hash table and LCA table. The former indexes structure keywords which act as the structure of result, while the latter indexes the condition keywords which refine the keyword search condition. SLCA computing algorithm, which is triggered by condition keywords, only computes the candidate fragments that involve keywords, thus avoiding redundant operations that will not contribute to the final result. The algorithm produces part of the matched answers continuously without having to wait for the end of the stream. The experiments evaluate the performance of the SLCA algorithm with different types of keywords, different document fragmentation and different keyword frequencies, and compare the SLCA algorithm with other XML keyword matching algorithms. The experiment study shows that the SLCA algorithm performs well on saving processing power and memory space.

Indraratna, B 2010, 'Recent advances in the application of vertical drains and vacuum preloading in soft soil stabilisation', Australian Geomechanics Journal, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 1-44.
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Much of the world's essential infrastructure is built along congested coastal belts that are composed of highly compressible and weak soils up to significant depths. Soft alluvial and marine clay deposits have very low bearing capacity and excessive settlement characteristics, with obvious design and maintenance implications on tall structures and large commercial buildings, as well as port and transport infrastructure. Stabilising these soft soils before commencing construction is essential for both long term and short term stability. Pre-construction consolidation of soft soils through the application of a surcharge load alone often takes too long, apart from which, the load required to achieve more than 90% consolidation of these mostly low lying, permeable, and very thick clay deposits can be excessively high over a prolonged period. A system of vertical drains combined with vacuum pressure and surcharge preloading has become an attractive ground improvement alternative in terms of both cost and effectiveness. This technique accelerates consolidation by promoting rapid radial flow which decreases the excess pore-pressure while increasing the effective stress. Over the past 15 years, the Author and his co-workers have developed numerous experimental, analytical and numerical approaches that simulate the mechanics of prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) and vacuum preloading, including two-dimensional and three-dimensional analyses, and more comprehensive design methods. These recent techniques have been applied to various real life projects in Australia and Southeast Asia. Some of the new design concepts include the role of overlapping smear zones due to P VD-mandrel penetration, pore pressure prediction based on the elliptical cavity expansion theory, and the rise and fall of pore pressure via PVD under cyclic loads. These recent advances enable greater accuracy in the prediction of excess pore water pressure, and lateral and vertical displacement o...

Indraratna, B, Geng, X & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2010, 'Review of mehods of analysis for the use of vacuum preloading and vertical drains for soft clay improvement', Geomechanics and Geoengineering, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 223-236.
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The use of vertical drains with vacuum preloading for soft soil improvement has become a booming interest in recent years. In this paper, theoretical and practical developments of the utilization of vertical drain with vacuum preloading are currently reviewed. Geotechnical aspects of factors affecting the performance of vacuum consolidation and conversion procedure for multi-drain analysis are discussed based on the current state of the art. The salient aspects of selected case histories on soft clays and land reclamations are elucidated. © 2010 Taylor &Francis.

Indraratna, B, Ni, J & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2010, 'Investigation on effectiveness of a prefabricated vertical drain during cyclic loading', IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 10, pp. 012091-012091.
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Indraratna, B, Nimbalkar, S, Christie, D, Rujikiatkamjorn, C & Vinod, J 2010, 'Field Assessment of the Performance of a Ballasted Rail Track with and without Geosynthetics', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 136, no. 7, pp. 907-917.
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INDRARATNA, B, OLIVEIRA, DAF & BROWN, ET 2010, 'A shear-displacement criterion for soil-infilled rock discontinuities', Géotechnique, vol. 60, no. 8, pp. 623-633.
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An infilled rock joint is likely to be the weakest plane in a rock mass. The most pronounced effect of the presence of infill material is the reduction in friction of the discontinuity boundaries (i.e. rock to rock contact of the joint walls). The thicker the infill, the smaller the shear strength of the rock joint. Once the infill reaches a critical thickness, the joint walls (rock) play no significant role in the overall shear strength. Several models have been proposed to predict the peak shear strength of infilled joints under both constant normal load and constant normal stiffness boundary conditions, taking into account the ratio of infill thickness (t) to the height of the joint wall asperity (a), that is the t/a ratio. Models based on the constant normal stiffness condition provide a much more accurate representation of the infilled joint behaviour in the field, but only a limited number of studies have focused on the more realistic constant normal stiffness stress–strain behaviour. This paper presents a critical review of some of the earlier studies and the most recent advancement of a shear-strength model developed at University of Wollongong, Australia, supplemented with laboratory data for model validation. The effect of different factors on the shear behaviour such as the t/a ratio, infill friction angle, joint wall roughness, joint stiffness and type of infill are presented.

Indraratna, B, Oliveira, DAF, Brown, ET & de Assis, AP 2010, 'Corrigendum to “Effect of soil-infilled joints on the stability of rock wedges formed in a tunnel roof”', International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, vol. 47, no. 7, pp. 1229-1229.
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Indraratna, B, Oliveira, DAF, Brown, ET & de Assis, AP 2010, 'Effect of soil–infilled joints on the stability of rock wedges formed in a tunnel roof', International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, vol. 47, no. 5, pp. 739-751.
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Indraratna, B, Regmi, G, Nghiem, LD & Golab, A 2010, 'Performance of a PRB for the Remediation of Acidic Groundwater in Acid Sulfate Soil Terrain', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 136, no. 7, pp. 897-906.
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Indraratna, B, Rujikiatkamjorn, C, Ewers, B & Adams, M 2010, 'Class A Prediction of the Behavior of Soft Estuarine Soil Foundation Stabilized by Short Vertical Drains beneath a Rail Track', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 136, no. 5, pp. 686-696.
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Indraratna, B, Rujikiatkamjorn, C, Kelly, R & Buys, H 2010, 'Sustainable soil improvement via vacuum preloading', Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Ground Improvement, vol. 163, no. 1, pp. 31-42.
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The application of prefabricated vertical drains combined with vacuum and surcharge preloading is considered to be one of the most environmentally friendly ground improvement techniques. The natural atmospheric pressure is used to generate suction via a vacuum pump. In comparison with other ground improvement methods such as deep piling and deep mixing, this method will not only save a substantial cost in road and rail embankment maintenance and construction but will also enhance the speed of construction of coastal highways and rail tracks and their capacity to carry a greater traffic load. Moreover, as drains with vacuum pressure do not involve chemicals, the soil and groundwater chemistry will not change, unlike cement and lime treatment. Vacuum preloading will also reduce the impact on the environment by minimising the greenhouse gas emissions and the need for quarrying natural sand and gravel. The performances of three full-scale test embankments constructed in Thailand, China and Australia are discussed collectively, demonstrating the advantages and environmental benefits of vacuum consolidation in relation to a standard surcharge-only system.

Indraratna, B, Thakur, PK & Vinod, JS 2010, 'Experimental and Numerical Study of Railway Ballast Behavior under Cyclic Loading', International Journal of Geomechanics, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 136-144.
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This paper presents the results of the influence of frequency on the permanent deformation and degradation behavior of ballast during cyclic loading. The behavior of ballast under numerous cycles was investigated through a series of large-scale cyclic triaxial tests. The tests were conducted at frequencies ranging from 10-40 Hz, which is equivalent to a train traveling from 73 km/h to 291 km/h over standard gauge tracks in Australia. The results showed that permanent deformation and degradation of ballast increased with the frequency of loading and number of cycles. Much of breakage occurs during the initial cycle; however, there exists a frequency zone of 20 Hz≤f≤30 Hz where cyclic densification takes place without much additional breakage. An empirical relationship among axial strain, frequency and number of cycles has been proposed based on the experimental data. In addition, discrete-element method (DEM) simulations were carried out using PFC2D on an assembly of irregular shaped particles. A novel approach was used to model a two-dimensional (2D) projection of real ballast particles. Clusters of bonded circular particles were used to model a 2D projection of angular ballast particles. Degradation of the bonds within a cluster was considered to represent particle breakage. The results of DEM simulations captured the ballast behavior under cyclic loading in accordance with the experimental observations. Moreover, the evolution of micromechanical parameters such as a distribution of the contact force and bond force developed during cyclic loading was presented to explain the mechanism of particle breakage. It has been revealed that particle breakage is mainly due to the tensile stress developed during cyclic loading and is located mainly in the direction of the movement of ballast particles. © 2010 ASCE.

Jahirul, MI, Masjuki, HH, Saidur, R, Kalam, MA, Jayed, MH & Wazed, MA 2010, 'Comparative engine performance and emission analysis of CNG and gasoline in a retrofitted car engine', Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 30, no. 14-15, pp. 2219-2226.
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Jain, R, Ji, Z, Upadhyay, S & Watrous, J 2010, 'QIP = PSPACE', Communications of the ACM, vol. 53, no. 12, pp. 102-109.
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The interactive proof system model of computation has been studied extensively in computational complexity theory and theoretical cryptography for more than 25 years, and has driven the development of interesting new techniques and insights in those fields. This work considers the quantum interactive proof system model, which is the classical model's natural quantum computational analog. An exact characterization of the expressive power of quantum interactive proof systems is obtained: the collection of computational problems having quantum interactive proof systems consists precisely of those problems solvable with an ordinary classical computer using at most a polynomial amount of memory (or QIP = PSPACE in complexity-theoretic terminology). One striking implication of this characterization is that it implies quantum computing provides no increase in computational power whatsoever over classical computing in the context of interactive proof systems.

Jegatheesan, V, Shu, L & Ngo, HH 2010, 'Special Issue on the Challenges in Environmental Science and Engineering, CESE-2009 14–17 July, 2009 – Jupiters Hotel, Townsville, Queensland, Australia', Bioresource Technology, vol. 101, no. 5, pp. 1415-1415.
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Jeyakumar, P, Loganathan, P, Sivakumaran, S, Anderson, CWN & McLaren, RG 2010, 'Bioavailability of copper and zinc to poplar and microorganisms in a biosolids-amended soil', AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL RESEARCH, vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 459-469.
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The effects of high concentrations of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in a soil treated with biosolids previously spiked with these metals on poplar (Populus deltoidesyunnanensis) were investigated in a pot trial. The total soil metal concentrations in the treatments were 12, 46, 137, and 226mg Cu/kg and 25, 141, 433, and 686mg Zn/kg. Copper accumulation was lower in poplar leaves than Zn and the maximum bioconcentration factor was 0.8 for Cu and 10 for Zn. Copper was not found to be toxic to plants at any level of application or to mycorrhiza up to 137mg/kg, but it was found to be toxic to soil microorganisms at all levels of Cu addition. Copper application increased mycorrhiza colonisation up to 137mg Cu/kg and root dry matter at 226mg Cu/kg, but had no effect on leaf dry matter. Increasing Zn rate decreased all plant and soil parameters. Lower percentages of Cu in the soil exchangeable fraction, and a lower Cu2+ concentrations in soil solution relative to Zn indicated lower bioavailability of Cu. Dehydrogenase activity was reduced by 50% at total solution-phase Cu and Zn concentrations of 0.1 and 27mg/L, respectively, and solid-phase exchangeable Cu and Zn concentrations of 5 and 169mg/kg, respectively. © 2010 CSIRO.

Ji, Z, Chen, J, Wei, Z & Ying, M 2010, 'THE LU-LC CONJECTURE IS FALSE', QUANTUM INFORMATION & COMPUTATION, vol. 10, no. 1-2, pp. 97-108.
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The LU-LC conjecture is an important open problem concerning the structure of entanglement of states described in the stabilizer formalism. It states that two local unitary equivalent stabilizer states are also local Clifford equivalent. If this conjecture were true, the local equivalence of stabilizer states would be extremely easy to characterize. Unfortunately, however, based on the recent progress made by Gross and Van den Nest, we find that the conjecture is false.

JIA, B-Y, YU, Z-Y, LIU, Y-M & TIAN, H-D 2010, 'Calculation of valence band structures of InAs/GaAs quantum ring and quantum dot: using numerical Fourier transform method', The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 106-110.
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This article puts forward a new method in calculating the band structures of low-dimensional semiconductor structures. In this study, the valence band structures of InAs/GaAs quantum ring and lens-shaped quantum dot are calculated with four-band model, in the framework of effective-mass envelope function theory. To determine the Hamiltonian matrix elements, this article develops the numerical Fourier transform method instead of the widely used analytical integral method. The valence band mixing is considered. The hole energy levels change dramatically with the geometrical parameters of the quantum ring and quantum dot. It is demonstrated that numerical Fourier transform method can be adopted in low-dimensional structures with any shape. The results of Fourier transform method are consistent with the ones of analytical integral in literature; and they are helpful for studying and fabricating optoelectronic devices. © 2010 The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications.

Jiang, ZY, Tang, J, Sun, W, Tieu, AK & Wei, D 2010, 'Analysis of tribological feature of the oxide scale in hot strip rolling', Tribology International, vol. 43, no. 8, pp. 1339-1345.
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Johir, MAH, Vigneswaran, S & Kandasamy, J 2010, 'Hybrid filtration method for pre-treatment of stormwater', Water Science and Technology, vol. 62, no. 12, pp. 2937-2943.
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In this study the hybrid filtration process (combining fibre filter with deep bed dual media filtration) was investigated as pre-treatment to stormwater. This process was investigated in-terms of reduction in turbidity, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), colour, headloss development across the filters, suspended solids removal, organic matter removal, nutrients and heavy matter (such as iron, copper, lead, zinc) removal efficiency. A comparison was made between the hybrid filter with single media (sand) deep bed filter and fibre filter. It was found that the hybrid filtration system successfully removed turbidity (98%), colour (99%), suspended solids (99%), and DOC (55%). The removal efficiency of heavy metal was relatively low as the concentration of heavy metals present in stormwater was low. The removal efficiency of nitrate, nitrite and phosphorous (as orthophosphate) was 27, 35 and 72% respectively. Hybrid filtration processes showed a better reduction of Modified Fouling Index (MFI) value (from 15.500 s/l2 to 9 s/l2) compared with single media sand, anthracite and fibre filter which were 35 s/l2, 13 s/l2and 14 s/l2 respectively when operated at FeCl3 dose of 15 mg/l.

Johnston, M, Geoffroy, M-C, Sobala, A, Hay, R & Hutvagner, G 2010, 'HSP90 Protein Stabilizes Unloaded Argonaute Complexes and Microscopic P-bodies in Human Cells', Molecular Biology of the Cell, vol. 21, no. 9, pp. 1462-1469.
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Key components of the miRNA-mediated gene regulation pathway are localized in cytoplasmic processing bodies (P-bodies). Mounting evidence suggests that the presence of microscopic P-bodies are not always required for miRNA-mediated gene regulation. Here we have shown that geldanamycin, a well-characterized HSP90 inhibitor, abolishes P-bodies and significantly reduces Argonaute and GW182 protein levels but does not affect the miRNA level and the efficiency of miRNA-mediated gene repression; however, it significantly impairs siRNA loading and the efficacy of exogenous siRNA. Our data suggests that HSP90 protein chaperones Argonautes before binding RNA and may facilitate efficient loading of small RNA.

Jun Zhang, Lu, DD-C & Ting Sun 2010, 'Flyback-Based Single-Stage Power-Factor-Correction Scheme With Time-Multiplexing Control', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 1041-1049.
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Juszczyszyn, K, Kazienko, P & Musiał, K 2010, 'Personalized Ontology-Based Recommender Systems for Multimedia Objects', Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol. 289, pp. 275-292.
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A framework for recommendation of multimedia objects based on processing of individual ontologies is proposed in the chapter. The recommendation process takes into account similarities calculated both between objects' and users' ontologies, which reflect the social and semantic features existing in the system. The ontologies, which are close to the current context, provide a list of suggestions presented to the user. Each user in the system possesses its own Personal Agent that performs all necessary online tasks. Personal Agents co-operate each other and enrich lists of possible recommendations. The system was developed for the use inthe Flickr multimedia sharing system. © 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Kabli, N, Martin, N, Fan, T, Nguyen, T, Hasbi, A, Balboni, G, O'Dowd, BF & George, SR 2010, 'Agonists at the δ‐opioid receptor modify the binding of µ‐receptor agonists to the µ–δ receptor hetero‐oligomer', British Journal of Pharmacology, vol. 161, no. 5, pp. 1122-1136.
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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE µ‐ and δ‐opioid receptors form heteromeric complexes with unique ligand binding and G protein‐coupling profiles linked to G protein α z‐subunit (Gαz) activation. However, the mechanism of action of agonists and their regulation of the µ–δ receptor heteromer are not well understood.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Competition radioligand binding, cell surface receptor internalization in intact cells, confocal microscopy and receptor immunofluorescence techniques were employed to study the regulation of the µ–δ receptor heteromer in heterologous cells with and without agonist exposure.KEY RESULTS Gαz enhanced affinity of some agonists at µ–δ receptor heteromers, independent of agonist chemical structure. δ‐Opioid agonists displaced µ‐agonist binding with high affinity from µ–δ heteromers, but not µ receptor homomers, suggestive of δ‐agonists occupying a novel µ‐receptor ligand binding pocket within the heteromers. Also, δ‐agonists induced internalization of µ‐opioid receptors in cells co‐expressing µ‐ and δ‐receptors, but not those expressing µ‐receptors alone, indicative of µ–δ heteromer internalization. This dose‐dependent, Pertussis toxin‐resistant and clathrin‐ and dynamin‐dependent effect required agonist occupancy of both µ‐ and δ‐opioid receptors. In contrast to µ‐receptor homomers, agonist‐induced internalization of µ–δ heteromers persisted following chronic morphine exposure.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The µ–δ receptor heteromer may contain a novel δ‐agonist‐detected, high‐affinity, µ‐receptor ligand binding pocket and is regulated differently from the µ‐receptor homomer following chronic morphine exposure. Occupancy of both µ‐ and δ‐receptor binding pockets is required for δ‐agonist‐induced endocytosis of µ–δ recepto...

Kejalakshmy, N, Agrawal, A, Aden, Y, Leung, DMH, Rahman, BMA & Grattan, KTV 2010, 'Characterization of silicon nanowire by use of full-vectorial finite element method', Applied Optics, vol. 49, no. 16, pp. 3173-3173.
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Kennard, R & Leaney, J 2010, 'Towards a general purpose architecture for UI generation', JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE, vol. 83, no. 10, pp. 1896-1906.
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Many software projects spend a significant proportion of their time developing the User Interface (UI), therefore any degree of automation in this area has clear benefits. Such automation is difficult due principally to the diversity of architectures, platforms and development environments. Attempts to automate UI generation to date have contained restrictions which did not accommodate this diversity, leading to a lack of wide industry adoption or standardisation. The authors set out to understand and address these restrictions. We studied the issues of UI generation (especially duplication) in practice, using action research cycles guided by interviews, adoption studies and close collaboration with industry practitioners. In addressing the issues raised in our investigation, we identified five key characteristics any UI generation technique would need before it should expect wide adoption or standardisation. These can be summarised as: inspecting existing, heterogeneous back-end architectures; appreciating different practices in applying inspection results; recognising multiple, and mixtures of, UI widget libraries; supporting multiple, and mixtures of, UI adornments; applying multiple, and mixtures of, UI layouts. Many of these characteristics seem ignored by current approaches. In addition, we discovered an emergent feature of these characteristics that opens the possibility of a previously unattempted goal â namely, retrofitting UI generation to an existing application.

Keshavarzi, A, Valizadeh, M & Ball, J 2010, 'Experimental Study of the Effects of Submerged Dikes on the Energy and Momentum Coefficients in Compound Channel', Engineering, vol. 02, no. 11, pp. 855-862.
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This paper aims to understand the flow structure around submerged dike in the main channel and flood plain of a compound cross section. The study undertaken to develop this understanding was carried out in a laboratory flume using a submerged vane installed at a 90 degree angle to the bank. In order to study the flow structures, the flow velocity was measured using a three-dimensional Acoustic Doppler Velocity meter (micro-ADV) with data collection rate of 50 Hz. These flow velocity measurements were taken at 500 points on a regular grid. As the tests were undertaken with turbulent flow, these conditions were subcritical. Furthermore, all the tests were undertaken using a fixed bed. The results obtained showed that the momentum transfer and the kinetic energy reduced in two directions. Also the energy and momentum coefficients decreased significantly with the installation of the submerged vane inside the main channel. Finally, streamlines were found to deviate from the side walls of channel into the main channel.

Ki, S-K & Lu, DD-C 2010, 'Implementation of an Efficient Transformerless Single-Stage Single-Switch AC/DC Converter', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 12, pp. 4095-4105.
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Kim, DH, Shon, HK, Phuntsho, S & Cho, J 2010, 'Determination of the Apparent Charge of Natural Organic Matter', SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 339-345.
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The charge of natural organic matter (NOM) is an important parameter for understanding the membrane fouling and NOM removal mechanism with charged membrane. However, there is a lack of technology to make direct measurement of the NOM charge. In this study, we report a novel concept of measuring an apparent charge of the NOM using selectivity coefficient. The apparent charges of three different NOM containing different structures were evaluated to validate this proposed method. The apparent charge of the NOM exhibited a good correlation with specific UV absorbance of the NOM. This apparent charge is therefore a useful indicator for predicting the membrane fouling and NOM removal in membrane filtration technology. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Kim, JB, Park, HJ, Shon, HK, Cho, DL, Kim, G-J, Choi, SW & Kim, J-H 2010, 'Preparation of TiO<SUB>2</SUB> Nanoparticle from Ti-Salt Flocculated Sludge with Dye Wastewater', Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 3260-3265.
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Dye wastewater flocculation using TiCl4 and FeSO4 coagulants was studied for organic removal and precipitation efficiency. Moreover, TiCl4 was assessed in a pilot-scale flocculation process to investigate organic removal and solution pH effect. A large amount of TiO2 was produced from sludge of Ti-salt flocculation in dye wastewater. This flocculation process simultaneously reduces a large amount of sludge produced from wastewater. The TiO2 nanoparticle was characterized in terms of physical and chemical properties. Results showed that 77.6% of organic matter was removed from dye wastewater when using FeSO4 as coagulant, while TiCl4 degraded 75.9% of organic matter. On the other hand, floc precipitation efficiency was better for TiCl4 if compared with FeSO4. The optimum concentration of TiCl4 for pilot-scale flocculation was found to be equal to 2.1 g/L. DWT (Dye wastewater titania) size was 15-20 nm, mainly doped with carbon atoms and exhibited a dominant anatase structure. DWT was similar to P-25 in decomposing acetaldehyde under UV-irradiation and complete photocatalytic degradation was achieved after 140 min.

Kim, JB, Seol, D-H, Shon, HK, Kim, G-J & Kim, J-H 2010, 'Preparation and Characterization of Titania Nanoparticles from Titanium Tetrachloride and Titanium Sulfate Flocculation of Dye Wastewater', Journal of the Japan Petroleum Institute, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 167-172.
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Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is the most widely used metal oxide for environmental applications, cosmetics, paints, electronic paper and solar cells, so demand is increasing rapidly. TiO2 can be produced from Ti-flocculated sludge, which is superior to the co

Kim, SH, Shon, HK & Ngo, HH 2010, 'Adsorption characteristics of antibiotics trimethoprim on powdered and granular activated carbon', JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 344-349.
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The adsorption characteristics of trimethoprim (TMP) onto powdered activated carbon (PAC) and granular activated carbon (GAC) were studied. The adsorption isotherms could be plotted using the Langmuir, Freundlich and Toth models with a reasonable degree

Knox, KJ, Burnham, DR, McCann, LI, Murphy, SL, McGloin, D & Reid, JP 2010, 'Observation of bistability of trapping position in aerosol optical tweezers', Journal of the Optical Society of America B, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 582-582.
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Kodagoda, S & Zhang, Z 2010, 'Multiple Sensor-Based Weed Segmentation', Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering, vol. 224, no. 7, pp. 799-810.
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Bidens pilosa L (commonly known as cobbler's peg) is an annual broad-leaf weed in tropical and subtropical regions and reportedly needs to be identified and eliminated when farming 31 different crop varieties. This paper presents a multi-modal sensing approach for detecting Bidens leaves within wheat plants. Visual cue-based automatic discrimination of Bidens and wheat leaves is non-trivial owing to the curled-up nature of the wheat leaves. Therefore, spectral responses of Bidens and wheat leaves are first analysed to understand the discriminative spectral bands. Then a multi-modal sensory system consisting of a near infra red (NIR) and a visual camera set-up is proposed. Information retrieved from the sensory set up is then processed to generate a series of cues that are fed into a classification algorithm. Classification results are validated through experimentation. The proposed technique is able to achieve an accuracy of 88—95 per cent even when there is substantial overlapping between Bidens and wheat leaves. Further, it is also shown that the algorithm is robust enough to discriminate some other commonly available plant species.

Koppi, T, Sheard, J, Naghdy, F, Edwards, SL & Brookes, W 2010, 'Towards a gender inclusive information and communications technology curriculum: a perspective from graduates in the workforce', Computer Science Education, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 265-282.
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An online survey was conducted of recent information and communications technology (ICT) graduates from 21 Australian universities. A range of abilities including personal/interpersonal, cognitive, business and technical were examined in relation to importance in the workplace and university preparation of those abilities. In addition, a set of six open-ended text-response questions concerned with the curriculum and other workplace preparation were asked. Quantitative and qualitative analyses revealed a range of responses that were significantly different according to gender. Amongst the significant findings are that females are more concerned than males with interpersonal communication, the development of people-skills and the people side of ICT. Implications for the ICT curriculum are that it should have more than a narrow male-centred technological focus and include the involvement of people and the effects of ICT on society in general. This broad inclusive pedagogical approach would satisfy the needs expressed by all respondents and contribute to increasing the enrolments of both female and male students in ICT.

Kus, B, Kandasamy, J, Vigneswaran, S & Shon, HK 2010, 'Analysis of first flush to improve the water quality in rainwater tanks', WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 421-428.
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Although most Australians receive their domestic supply from reticulated mains or town water, there are vast areas with very low population densities and few reticulated supplies. In many of these areas rainwater collected in tanks is the primary source of drinking water. Heavy metals have recently become a concern as their concentration in rain water tanks was found to exceed recommended levels suitable for human consumption. Rainwater storage tanks also accumulate contaminants and sediments that settle to the bottom. Although not widely acknowledged, small amounts of contaminants such as lead found in rain water (used as drinking water) may have a cumulative and poisonous effect on human health over a life time. This is true for certain factors that underlie many of the chronic illnesses that are becoming increasingly common in contemporary society. The paper reports on a study which is part of a project that aims to develop a cost effective in-line filtration system to improve water quality in rainwater tanks. To enable this, the characteristics of rainwater need to be known. One component of this characterization is to observe the effects of the first flush on a rainwater tank. Samples of the roof runoff collected from an urban residential roof located in the Sydney Metropolitan Area in the initial first few millimetres of rain were analysed. The results show that bypassing the first 2mm of rainfall gives water with most water quality parameters compliant with the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (ADWG) standards. The parameters that did not comply were lead and turbidity, which required bypassing approximately the first 5mm of rainfall to meet ADWG standards. Molecular weight distribution (MWD) analysis showed that the concentration of rainwater organic matter (RWOM) decreased with increasing amount of roof runoff.

Kus, B, Kandasamy, J, Vigneswaran, S & Shon, HK 2010, 'Water quality characterisation of rainwater in tanks at different times and locations', WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 429-439.
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Rainwater collected from ten domestic roofs in Sydney and from one in Wollongong, a town south of Sydney, Australia was analysed to determine the water quality and to compare against the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (ADWG) to determine its suitability as a potable water supply. The pollutants analysed were 13 heavy metals, 8 salts & minerals, pH, ammonia, orthophosphate, conductivity, water hardness, turbidity, total suspended solids, Total dissolved salts & Bicarbonate. The results indicate that the rainwater tested complied to most of the parameters specified in the ADWG. Molecular weight distribution of organic matter from one of the domestic rainwater tanks was analysed in terms of the effects of aging and roof contact. Molecular weight distribution of organic matter in rainwater showed prominent peaks at 37,500 daltons may be due to biopolymers, 850 Da to humic substances, 500 Da to building blocks, 220 Da to low MW acids, and less than 220 Da to amphiphilics. The findings also indicate that the first flush volumes that by-passed the tank can have a significant influence on the water quality in the rainwater tank.

Lebegue, J, Aryal, R, Shon, HK, Vigneswaran, S, Heran, M & Grasmick, A 2010, 'Identification and quantification of foulant in submerged membrane reactor', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 24, no. 1-3, pp. 278-283.
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In submerged membrane system, membrane fouling is linked to the reversible accumulation of macromolecules and solids on the membrane surface and the irreversible sorption of soluble molecules inside the pores. In the first part of the paper, the fouling was analysed at two different aeration rates through the determination of membrane resistance due to (a) sludging (Rsludging), (b) irreversible biofilm (Rbiofilm) and (c) adsorption of organic (Radsorption). These results confirm the importance of aeration for sludge control in the bundle. In the second part of the paper, irreversible foulant obtained at different aeration rates were characterised. Membrane air flow rate limits adsorption of biopolymers onto or into the membrane surface.

Lee, E, Shon, HK & Cho, J 2010, 'Biofouling characteristics using flow field-flow fractionation: Effect of bacteria and membrane properties', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 101, no. 5, pp. 1487-1493.
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In this study, membrane biofouling caused by bacteria that have different characteristics was evaluated using flow field-flow fractionation (FlFFF). Three different bacteria which differed from size and shape (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Flavobacterium lutescens) were investigated with GM ultrafiltration (UF, rough with a low negative surface charge and relatively high hydrophobicity) and NE70 nanofiltration (NF, smooth with a high negative surface charge and relatively low hydrophobicity) membranes. The FlFFF retention time of S. epidermidis, E. coli and F. lutescens was highly influenced by the ionic strength of the solution and the surface polarity of the membranes and bacteria. The NF membrane was found to have a higher potential of biofouling than the UF membrane with the bacteria tested in this study. E. coli was the most significant biofoulant among the bacteria tested on both membrane surfaces based on FlFFF retention times compared to other bacteria.

Lee, JJ, Johir, MAH, Chinu, KH, Shon, HK, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J, Kim, CW & Shaw, K 2010, 'Novel pre-treatment method for seawater reverse osmosis: Fibre media filtration', DESALINATION, vol. 250, no. 2, pp. 557-561.
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A high rate fibre filter was used as a pre-treatment to seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) to reduce membrane fouling. Seawater was drawn from Chowder Bay where the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Australia is located. A lab-scale fibre filter with a height of 1000 mm and a diameter of 30 mm was used in conjunction with in-line coagulation. The effect of operating the fibre filter with different packing densities (105, 115 kg/m3) and filtration velocities (40, 60 m/h) was investigated in terms of silt density index (SDI10), modified fouling index (MFI), pressure drop (ÎP), turbidity and molecular weight distribution (MWD). The use of in-line coagulation improved the performance of fibre filter as measured by the MFI and SDI. Regardless of filtration velocity and packing density the MFI and SDI10 values remained low as did the turbidity until the end of the filtration run. The MWD analysis showed the removal efficiencies of organic materials like biopolymers, fulvic acids, low MW acids for even experiments with the highest filtration velocity (60 m/h) and lowest packing density (105 kg/m3). This pre-treatment has a small foot print as it has the capacity of operating at a very high filtration velocity

Lee, T, Mittal, R, Reichardt, BW, Spalek, R & Szegedy, M 2010, 'Quantum query complexity of state conversion', Proc. 52nd IEEE Symp. on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS), 2011, pages 344-353, pp. 344-353.
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State conversion generalizes query complexity to the problem of convertingbetween two input-dependent quantum states by making queries to the input. Wecharacterize the complexity of this problem by introducing a naturalinformation-theoretic norm that extends the Schur product operator norm. Thecomplexity of converting between two systems of states is given by the distancebetween them, as measured by this norm. In the special case of function evaluation, the norm is closely related tothe general adversary bound, a semi-definite program that lower-bounds thenumber of input queries needed by a quantum algorithm to evaluate a function.We thus obtain that the general adversary bound characterizes the quantum querycomplexity of any function whatsoever. This generalizes and simplifies theproof of the same result in the case of boolean input and output. Also in thecase of function evaluation, we show that our norm satisfies a remarkablecomposition property, implying that the quantum query complexity of thecomposition of two functions is at most the product of the query complexitiesof the functions, up to a constant. Finally, our result implies that discreteand continuous-time query models are equivalent in the bounded-error setting,even for the general state-conversion problem.

Lei, G, Yang, GY, Shao, KR, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Lavers, JD 2010, 'Electromagnetic Device Design Based on RBF Models and Two New Sequential Optimization Strategies', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 46, no. 8, pp. 3181-3184.
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We present two new strategies for sequential optimization method (SOM) to deal with the optimization design problems of electromagnetic devices. One is a new space reduction strategy; the other is model selection strategy. Meanwhile, radial basis function (RBF) and compactly supported RBF models are investigated to extend the applied model types for SOM. Thereafter, Monte Carlo method is employed to demonstrate the efficiency and superiority of the new space reduction strategy. Five commonly used approximate models are considered for the discussion of model selection strategy. Furthermore, by two TEAM benchmark examples, we can see that SOM with the proposed new strategies and models can significantly speed the optimization design process, and the efficiency of SOM depends a little on the types of approximate models.

Lemke, C & Gabrys, B 2010, 'Meta-learning for time series forecasting and forecast combination', Neurocomputing, vol. 73, no. 10-12, pp. 2006-2016.
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Leveaux, RR 2010, 'Facilitating Referee's Decision Making in Sport via the Application of Technology', Communications of the IBIMA, vol. 545333, pp. 1-8.
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The aim of this study was to examine the current uses of technologies to assist referee decision making processes in professional and Olympic sports, to provide the platform for the facilitation of correct decisions. Through discussion groups and interviews, five major sports in Australia were examined. All participants in the study had all officiated from the grassroots level to the elite level, where at the latter level, had experience in the use of the relevant technologies adopted by their sport. The findings present that, in the majority of the examined sports, differing degrees of technology is being applied to aid the decision making process. When used the technology does provide the mechanism to facilitate in ensuring the correctness of the decision. The success of the introduction of the decision support technology is dependent on its usability, appropriate application and acceptance by the officials and the participants of the match. Via the diligent use and application of appropriate technologies, they can be used as an effective aid to refereeing. Illegal tactics and play were commonplace prior to the introduction of the use of technology to assist the referee. These areas, however, have been dramatically reduced and to a certain extent eliminated. Subsequently these introduced technologies have been a major contributor to the provision of a fairer platform for competition and led to improved player performance. The findings provide a basis for further studies and possible trials with technologies to assist the referee in providing fair competition and to improve the quality of referees decision making.

Li, L & Petersen, IR 2010, 'A Gramian-Based Approach to Model Reduction for Uncertain Systems', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 508-514.
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The technical note considers a problem of model reduction for a class of uncertain systems with structured norm bounded uncertainty. The technical note introduces controllability and observability Gramians in terms of certain parameterized algebraic Riccati inequalities. Based on these Gramians, three model reduction approaches are investigated for the underlying uncertain systems. © 2010 IEEE.

Li, N, Tsang, IW & Zhou, Z-H 2010, 'Efficient Optimization of Performance Measures by Classifier Adaptation', IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 2013, no. 6, pp. 35-1382.
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In practical applications, machine learning algorithms are often needed tolearn classifiers that optimize domain specific performance measures.Previously, the research has focused on learning the needed classifier inisolation, yet learning nonlinear classifier for nonlinear and nonsmoothperformance measures is still hard. In this paper, rather than learning theneeded classifier by optimizing specific performance measure directly, wecircumvent this problem by proposing a novel two-step approach called as CAPO,namely to first train nonlinear auxiliary classifiers with existing learningmethods, and then to adapt auxiliary classifiers for specific performancemeasures. In the first step, auxiliary classifiers can be obtained efficientlyby taking off-the-shelf learning algorithms. For the second step, we show thatthe classifier adaptation problem can be reduced to a quadratic programproblem, which is similar to linear SVMperf and can be efficiently solved. Byexploiting nonlinear auxiliary classifiers, CAPO can generate nonlinearclassifier which optimizes a large variety of performance measures includingall the performance measure based on the contingency table and AUC, whilstkeeping high computational efficiency. Empirical studies show that CAPO iseffective and of high computational efficiency, and even it is more efficientthan linear SVMperf.

Li, X, Zhang, X, Han, X & Sheng, DC 2010, 'An iterative pressure‐stabilized fractional step algorithm in saturated soil dynamics', International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, vol. 34, no. 7, pp. 733-753.
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AbstractThis paper presents an iterative, incremental pressure‐stabilized fractional step algorithm for coupled hydro‐mechanical problems with mixed formulations of the displacement–pressure (u–p) model in saturated soil dynamics that allows the use of finite elements with equal low order of interpolation approximation of u and p. In comparison with the original fractional step algorithm, the distinct features of the proposed algorithm lie in its enhanced stability owing to the introduction of both an iteration procedure and a finite increment calculus (FIC) process into the algorithm. The introduction of the iterative procedure makes the velocity term satisfy the momentum conservation equation in an implicit sense and allows much larger time step sizes to be used than those limited in existing explicit and semi‐implicit versions of the algorithm. The introduction of the FIC process removes the dependence of the stability of the proposed algorithm on the time step size, as a result it allows to using the incremental version of the algorithm and evades the minimum time step size requirement presented in the existing versions of the fractional step algorithm that restricts the application of the algorithm to saturated soil dynamics problems with high frequencies.Numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and improved performance of the proposed iterative pressure‐stabilized fractional step algorithm. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Li, Y, Duan, R & Ying, M 2010, 'Local unambiguous discrimination with remaining entanglement', PHYSICAL REVIEW A, vol. 82, no. 3, pp. 1-6.
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A bipartite state, which is secretly chosen from a finite set of known entangled pure states, cannot immediately be useful in standard quantum information processing tasks. To effectively make use of the entanglement contained in this unknown state, we i

Li, Y, Li, J & Samali, B 2010, '1A24 Dynamic Performance of A Novel Magnetorheological Pin Joint', The Proceedings of the Symposium on the Motion and Vibration Control, vol. 2010, no. 0, pp. _1A24-1_-_1A24-8_.
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Magnetorheological fluid (MRF) has received significant attention lately and MRF based devices have been proposed for structural control applications in recent years. The unique characteristics of MR fluid lies in its abilities to reversibly, repeatedly and instantly change from a free flowing liquid to a semi-solid state when exposed to a magnetic field. The electric power required to drive the MR devices can be easily provided by a battery. Possessing such unique properties, MR fluid based devices, such as MR damper, have become promising candidates in the semi-active control for civil structure applications. However, most of the published research has focused on application of MR dampers instead of exploring other type of MR devices. In addition, MR based devices exhibit complex nonlinear hysteresis behaviour and thus making their modelling a challenging task. In this paper, a novel MR fluid based device, namely MR pin joint, is proposed as smart structural members in development of an intelligent civil structure that can suppress unwanted vibrations to ensure safety and serviceability of the structure. After design and fabrication, experiments have been conducted to characterise dynamic behaviours of the new device under different harmonic excitations with various input currents. Test data shows that the MR pin joint possesses a unique behaviour in the moment-angular velocity plot. A hyperbolic hysteresis model is proposed to model such unique behaviour. The investigation presented in the paper explores dynamic performance of MR pin joint. Finally, a parametric model is developed following the investigation on the correlation of coefficients in the proposed model with the loading conditions and applied currents.

Li, Y, Li, J & Samali, B 2010, '1A24 Dynamic Performance of A Novel Magnetorheological Pin Joint', The Proceedings of the Symposium on the Motion and Vibration Control, vol. 2010, no. 0.
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Li, Y, Zhu, J, Yang, Q, Lin, ZW, Guo, Y & Wang, Y 2010, 'Measurement of Soft Magnetic Composite Material Using an Improved 3-D Tester With Flexible Excitation Coils and Novel Sensing Coils', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 1971-1974.
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In this paper, accurate measurement of three dimensional (3-D) magnetic properties of soft magnetic composite (SMC) material is carried out by using an improved 3-D tester with adjustable excitation coils and novel sensing coils attached upon the surface

Li, Z & Li, J 2010, 'Geometrically centered region: A “wet” model of protein binding hot spots not excluding water molecules', Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics, vol. 78, no. 16, pp. 3304-3316.
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AbstractA protein interface can be as “wet” as a protein surface in terms of the number of immobilized water molecules. This important water information has not been explicitly taken by computational methods to model and identify protein binding hot spots, overlooking the water role in forming interface hydrogen bonds and in filing cavities. Hot spot residues are usually clustered at the core of the protein binding interfaces. However, traditional machine learning methods often identify the hot spot residues individually, breaking the cooperativity of the energetic contribution. Our idea in this work is to explore the role of immobilized water and meanwhile to capture two essential properties of hot spots: the compactness in contact and the far distance from bulk solvent. Our model is named geometrically centered region (GCR). The detection of GCRs is based on novel tripartite graphs, and atom burial levels which are a concept more intuitive than SASA. Applying to a data set containing 355 mutations, we achieved an F measure of 0.6414 when ΔΔG ≥ 1.0 kcal/mol was used to define hot spots. This performance is better than Robetta, a benchmark method in the field. We found that all but only one of the GCRs contain water to a certain degree, and most of the outstanding hot spot residues have water‐mediated contacts. If the water is excluded, the burial level values are poorly related to the ΔΔG, and the model loses its performance remarkably. We also presented a definition for the O‐ring of a GCR as the set of immediate neighbors of the residues in the GCR. Comparative analysis between the O‐rings and GCRs reveals that the newly defined O‐ring is indeed energetically less important than the GCR hot spot, confirming a long‐standing hypothesis. Proteins 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Liao, L-D, Li, M-L, Lai, H-Y, Shih, Y-YI, Lo, Y-C, Tsang, S, Chao, PC-P, Lin, C-T, Jaw, F-S & Chen, Y-Y 2010, 'Imaging brain hemodynamic changes during rat forepaw electrical stimulation using functional photoacoustic microscopy', NeuroImage, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 562-570.
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Liaquat, AM, Kalam, MA, Masjuki, HH & Jayed, MH 2010, 'Potential emissions reduction in road transport sector using biofuel in developing countries', Atmospheric Environment, vol. 44, no. 32, pp. 3869-3877.
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Lin Gui, Wenfeng Ma, Bo Liu, Jingkan Lu & Peixin Shen 2010, 'Single Frequency Network System Coverage and Trial Testing of High Speed Railway Television System', IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 160-170.
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Lin, AT-H, Lee, JE-Y, Yan, J & Seshia, AA 2010, 'Methods for enhanced electrical transduction and characterization of micromechanical resonators', Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, vol. 158, no. 2, pp. 263-272.
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Lin, C-T, Huang, K-C, Chao, C-F, Chen, J-A, Chiu, T-W, Ko, L-W & Jung, T-P 2010, 'Tonic and phasic EEG and behavioral changes induced by arousing feedback', NeuroImage, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 633-642.
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Lin, C-T, Ko, L-W, Chang, M-H, Duann, J-R, Chen, J-Y, Su, T-P & Jung, T-P 2010, 'Review of Wireless and Wearable Electroencephalogram Systems and Brain-Computer Interfaces – A Mini-Review', Gerontology, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 112-119.
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Biomedical signal monitoring systems have rapidly advanced in recent years, propelled by significant advances in electronic and information technologies. Brain-computer interface (BCI) is one of the important research branches and has become a hot topic in the study of neural engineering, rehabilitation, and brain science. Traditionally, most BCI systems use bulky, wired laboratory-oriented sensing equipments to measure brain activity under well-controlled conditions within a confined space. Using bulky sensing equipments not only is uncomfortable and inconvenient for users, but also impedes their ability to perform routine tasks in daily operational environments. Furthermore, owing to large data volumes, signal processing of BCI systems is often performed off-line using high-end personal computers, hindering the applications of BCI in real-world environments. To be practical for routine use by unconstrained, freely-moving users, BCI systems must be noninvasive, nonintrusive, lightweight and capable of online signal processing. This work reviews recent online BCI systems, focusing especially on wearable, wireless and real-time systems.

Lin, C-T, Yang, C-T, Shou, Y-W & Shen, T-K 2010, 'An Efficient and Robust Moving Shadow Removal Algorithm and Its Applications in ITS', EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, vol. 2010, no. 1.
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Lin, C-TF 2010, 'EEG-based Brain-computer Interface for Smart Living Environment Auto-adjustment', Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 237-237.
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Lin, J, Luo, Z & Tong, L 2010, 'A new multi-objective programming scheme for topology optimization of compliant mechanisms', Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, vol. 40, no. 1-6, pp. 241-255.
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This paper presents an alternative method in implementing multi-objective optimization of compliant mechanisms in the field of continuum-type topology optimization. The method is designated as "SIMP-PP" and it achieves multi-objective topology optimization by merging what is already a mature topology optimization method-solid isotropic material with penalization (SIMP) with a variation of the robust multi-objective optimization method-physical programming (PP). By taking advantages of both sides, the combination causes minimal variation in computation algorithm and numerical scheme, yet yields improvements in the multi-objective handling capability of topology optimization. The SIMP-PP multi-objective scheme is introduced into the systematic design of compliant mechanisms. The final optimization problem is formulated mathematically using the aggregate objective function which is derived from the original individual design objectives with PP, subjected to the specified constraints. A sequential convex programming method, the method of moving asymptotes (MMA) is then utilized to process the optimization evolvement based on the design sensitivity analysis. The main findings in this study include distinct advantages of the SIMP-PP method in various aspects such as computation efficiency, adaptability in convex and non-convex multi-criteria environment, and flexibility in problem formulation. Observations are made regarding its performance and the effect of multi-objective optimization on the final topologies. In general, the proposed SIMP-PP method is an appealing multi-objective topology optimization scheme suitable for "real world" problems, and it bridges the gap between standard topological design and multi-criteria optimization. The feasibility of the proposed topology optimization method is exhibited by benchmark examples.

Lin, J, Luo, Z & Tong, L 2010, 'Design of Adaptive Cores of Sandwich Structures Using a Compliant Unit Cell Approach and Topology Optimization', Journal of Mechanical Design, vol. 132, no. 8, pp. 1-8.
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This paper presents a new method in designing the core layer of adaptive sandwich structures. The proposed design formulation treats the core layer as a compliant unit cell network while the unit cell network is synthesized by repeatedly linked identical compliant unit cells. Each unit cell is designed to possess shape adaptive functions independently and through the accumulation of the number of cells within the network, the global adaptive functions are accumulated also. Therefore, the network is capable of achieving large scale shape adaptations of complex profile with high fidelity. Topology optimization is used to design the compliant unit cell. Depending on the problem formulation, topology optimization can perform the simultaneous design of both the host material and the actuation material in the defined environment. This research includes a numerical case study to illustrate the technical aspects of this design philosophy. This is followed by the rapid prototyping of two scaled models and experimental validation.

Lin, W, Huang, B, Fu, Q, Wang, G & Huang, J 2010, 'Investigation of nitroxide radical coupling reaction in wide temperature range and different catalyst system', Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, vol. 48, no. 14, pp. 2991-2999.
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AbstractThe effect of temperature, catalyst system, and the structure of bromine connected groups on the nitroxide radical coupling (NRC) reaction is investigated in details. A series of polymers with different bromine connected groups as poly (tert‐butyl acrylate) (PtBA‐Br), polystyrene (PS‐Br), and poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA‐Br) are prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization first, then the bromine‐containing polymers were coupled with 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyl‐1‐oxy‐containing poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL‐TEMPO) in different catalyst systems as CuBr/PMDETA, Cu0/PMDETA and CuBr/Cu0/PMDETA in the temperature range from 90 °C to 25 °C. The result shows that the catalyst system of CuBr/Cu0/PMDETA is the best one for NRC reaction, in which the NRC reaction could be conducted in high efficiency in the wide temperature range from room temperature to high temperature. The efficiency of NRC reaction between PtBA‐Br and PCL‐TEMPO is more than 85% in the temperature range from 25 to 75 °C, the efficiency between PS‐Br and PCL‐TEMPO is more than 90% from 25 to 90 °C, and the efficiency between PMMA‐Br and PCL‐TEMPO is more than 90% only at the room temperature. The effect of bromine connected groups on the NRC reaction is discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2991–2999, 2010

Lin, Y, Zheng, Z, Hu, S-S, Xu, J-P, Lü, F, Wang, W, Song, Y-H, Sun, H-S, Yuan, X & Pan, X-B 2010, '[Value of estimated glomerular filtration rate and serum creatinine for predicting long-term survival in Chinese patients after isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery].', Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 99-102.
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OBJECTIVE: To compare the predictive value of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimated by the Cockcroft-Gault formula or the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) equation and serum creatinine for in-hospital and long-term mortality post coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). METHODS: Clinical data of 5559 consecutive patients undergoing isolated CABG were retrospectively analyzed. The main outcomes were in-hospital mortality and long-term mortality. Estimated GFR was calculated by the Cockcroft-Gault formula and MDRD equation respectively. Receiver-operating characteristic curves and Cox's analysis were used for the comparison. RESULTS: Follow-up was complete in 5485 patients (97.6%). Analysis of receiver-operating characteristic curves showed that GFR estimated by the Cockcroft-Gault formula had a maximal accuracy for predicting in-hospital mortality (area under the curve: 0.755, P < 0.01). Multivariate logistic analysis and the Cox's analysis results indicated estimated GFR < 60 mlxmin(-1)x1.73 m(-2) base on the Cockcroft-Gault formula was an independent risk factor for in-hospital and long-term mortality (hazard ratio 4.51 for in-hospital mortality, P < 0.01; hazard ratio 1.54 for long-term mortality, P < 0.01), both Cockcroft-Gault formula and MDRD equation were superior to serum creatinine for predicting in-hospital and long-term mortality post CABG. CONCLUSION: GFR estimated by the Cockcroft-Gault formula was superior to GFR estimated by the MDRD equation for predicting in-hospital mortality, and estimated GFR was superior to serum creatinine for predicting in-hospital and long-term mortality.

Lin, ZW, Li, YJ, Zhu, JG, Guo, Y & Wang, XL 2010, 'Magnetic flux penetration in polycrystalline SmFeO0.75F0.2As', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 107, no. 9, pp. 09E114-09E114.
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The recently discovered Fe–As superconducting materials which show high potential ability to carry current due to their low anisotropy have attracted a great number of attentions to understand their superconductivity mechanism and explore their applications. This paper presents a method to synthesis SmFeO0.75F0.20As polycrystalline by hot press in detail. The magnetization at different temperatures and applied fields obtained by a superconducting quantum interference device are also discussed. In addition, the local magnetization process is presented by magneto-optical imaging technique at the conditions of zero-field-cooling and field-cooling. It is found that the collective magnetization process of the newly discovered Fe–As superconductors is very similar to that of high-Tc cuprates. For instance, the Fe–As superconductors and high-Tc cuprates have the same magnetization features due to strong pining and intergrain weak link. The global supercurrent is significantly lower than local grain supercurrent due to the weak line between the grains.

Lin, ZW, Zhu, J, Guo, Y, Li, Y, Wang, S, Zhang, YB, Xu, KX & Cai, CB 2010, 'Magneto-optical visualization of vortices penetration into Ba(Fe1.8Co0.2)As2', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 107, no. 9, pp. 09E155-09E155.
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Vortices penetration into oxygen-free superconducting compounds FeAs-122 system is of interest in understanding superconductivity. This work studies the vortices motion in Ba(Fe1.8Co0.2)As2 single crystal by means of magneto-optical imaging technique in zero field cooled and field cooled conditions. The captured magneto-optical images and corresponding flux profiles show that, at zero field cooled condition, vortices penetrate into the crystal from the edges as external magnetic field increases. A vortices-free region is observed at the center of sample as applied field is less than full penetration field. In field cooled condition, the introduced vortices leave the sample at the edges as field decreases and polarization of the vortices at the edges are opposite as decreasing field approaches to zero. The pinning strength decreases with increasing temperature. The observed vortex behavior is very similar to that in high Tc superconducting materials with strong pinning strength.

Lindblom, A, Bhadri, V, Söderhäll, S, Öhrmalm, L, Wong, M, Norbeck, O, Lindau, C, Rotzén-Östlund, M, Allander, T, Catchpoole, D, Dalla-Pozza, L, Broliden, K & Tolfvenstam, T 2010, 'Respiratory viruses, a common microbiological finding in neutropenic children with fever', Journal of Clinical Virology, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 234-237.
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Background: Febrile neutropenia is a common complication in children undergoing chemotherapy for malignancies. A microbial agent is only identified in 15-30% of the fever episodes and corresponds mostly to bacterial findings. Objective: To investigate viral infections as possible etiologic agents in episodes of febrile neutropenia. Study design: Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) from patients presenting with neutropenic fever at two pediatric oncology wards in Sweden and Australia were analyzed with a conventional virus-diagnostic approach and RT-PCR. Coupled blood samples were analyzed for the detection of CMV, EBV, adenovirus and erythrovirus. Bacterial blood culture was performed routinely. Results: Conventional virus-diagnostic approach coupled to routinely performed bacterial analyzes revealed an infectious agent in 29% compared to 60% when using PCR. By adding PCR, a viral pathogen was detected in 46% of the NPAs and in 4% of the blood samples collected. In half of the patients with bacteremia, respiratory tract viruses were co-detected. Conclusion: Respiratory viruses were frequently detected in NPAs suggesting a significant role of viral infections in children presenting with neutropenic fever. The meaning of these findings needs to be further evaluated but has the potential to individualize infection treatment and to reduce the extensive use of antibiotics in immunocompromised children with neutropenia. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Ling, SH 2010, 'A New Neural Network Structure: Node-to-Node-Link Neural Network.', J. Intell. Learn. Syst. Appl., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1-11.
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This paper presents a new neural network structure and namely node-to-node-link neural network (N-N-LNN) and it is trained by real-coded genetic algorithm (RCGA) with average-bound crossover and wavelet mutation [1]. The N-N-LNN exhibits a node-to-node relationship in the hidden layer and the network parameters are variable. These characteristics make the network adaptive to the changes of the input environment, enabling it to tackle different input sets distributed in a large domain. Each input data set is effectively handled by a corresponding set of network parame-ters. The set of parameters is governed by other nodes. Thanks to these features, the proposed network exhibits better learning and generalization abilities. Industrial application of the proposed network to hand-written graffiti recognition will be presented to illustrate the merits of the network.

Lingam, HK, Chen, X, Yisgedu, T, Huang, Z, Zhao, J-C & Shore, SG 2010, 'Redetermination of di-μ-hydrido-hexahydridotetrakis(tetrahydrofuran)dialuminium(III)magnesium(II)', Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online, vol. 66, no. 5, pp. m575-m575.
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Lister, R 2010, 'COMPUTING EDUCATION RESEARCHGeek genes and bimodal grades', ACM Inroads, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 16-17.
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This is a regular invited column I write for this journal.

Lister, R 2010, 'COMPUTING EDUCATION RESEARCHTeaching the super profs to fish', ACM Inroads, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 16-17.
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This is a regular invited column I write for this journal.

Lister, R 2010, 'CS EDUCATION RESEARCHThe naughties in CSEd research', ACM Inroads, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 22-24.
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This is a regular invited column I write for this journal.

Lister, R 2010, 'CS Research', ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 13-14.
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This is a regular invited column I write for this journal.

Lister, R 2010, 'The closing of the CSEd mind', ACM Inroads, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 17-18.
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This is a regular invited column I write for this journal.

Lister, R, Clear, T, Simon, Bouvier, DJ, Carter, P, Eckerdal, A, Jacková, J, Lopez, M, McCartney, R, Robbins, P, Seppälä, O & Thompson, E 2010, 'Naturally occurring data as research instrument', ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 156-173.
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In New Zealand and Australia, the BRACElet project has been investigating students' acquisition of programming skills in introductory programming courses. The project has explored students' skills in basic syntax, tracing code, understanding code, and writing code, seeking to establish the relationships between these skills. This ITiCSE working group report presents the most recent step in the BRACElet project, which includes replication of earlier analysis using a far broader pool of naturally occurring data, refinement of the SOLO taxonomy in code-explaining questions, extension of the taxonomy to code-writing questions, extension of some earlier studies on students' 'doodling' while answering exam questions, and exploration of a further theoretical basis for work that until now has been primarily empirical.

Little, H & Eager, D 2010, 'Risk, challenge and safety: implications for play quality and playground design', European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 497-513.
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In many countries playground design is driven more by safety than developmental benefits. As risk minimisation strategies become more stringent, many researchers and practitioners are questioning whether young children are able to take sufficient risks in play in order for their play experiences to be interesting and developmentally challenging. This study examined the outdoor play choices and risk-taking behaviour of 38 children (25 boys, 13 girls) aged between 48 and 64 months from Sydney, Australia. Semi-structured interviews examined children's play preferences and playground equipment usage. Observations of play explored engagement in risk-taking behaviour. Selection of equipment indicated a strong preference for challenge and excitement. However, the dominant observed play behaviours involved little risk suggesting equipment at these parks provided few opportunities to practice mastery of skills already in their behavioural repertoire, learning new skills or building on current capabilities. The findings have implications for play provision and playground design. © 2010 EECERA.

Liu, Q & Li, J 2010, 'Propensity vectors of low‐ASA residue pairs in the distinction of protein interactions', Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics, vol. 78, no. 3, pp. 589-602.
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AbstractWe introduce low‐ASA residue pairs as classification features for distinguishing the different types of protein interactions. A low‐ASA residue pair is defined as two contact residues each from one chain that have a small solvent accessible surface area (ASA). This notion of residue pairs is novel as it first combines residue pairs with the O‐ring theory, an influential proposition stating that the binding hot spots at the interface are often surrounded by a ring of energetically less important residues. As binding hot spots lie in the core of the stability for protein interactions, we believe that low‐ASA residue pairs can sharpen the distinction of protein interactions. The main part of our feature vector is 210‐dimensional, consisting of all possible low‐ASA residue pairs; the value of every feature is determined by a propensity measure. Our classification method is called OringPV, which uses propensity vectors of protein interactions for support vector machine. OringPV is tested on three benchmark datasets for a variety of classification tasks such as the distinction between crystal packing and biological interactions, the distinction between two different types of biological interactions, etc. The evaluation frameworks include within‐dataset, cross‐dataset comparison, and leave‐one‐out cross‐validation. The results show that low‐ASA residue pairs and the propensity vector description of protein interactions are truly strong in the distinction. In particular, many cross‐dataset generalization capability tests have achieved excellent recalls and overall accuracies, much outperforming existing benchmark methods. Proteins 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Liu, Q & Li, J 2010, 'Protein binding hot spots and the residue-residue pairing preference: a water exclusion perspective', BMC Bioinformatics, vol. 11, no. 1.
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Liu, RP, Sutton, GJ & Collings, IB 2010, 'A New Queueing Model for QoS Analysis of IEEE 802.11 DCF with Finite Buffer and Load', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 9, no. 8, pp. 2664-2675.
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Liu, W, Zhang, X, Li, S & Ying, M 2010, 'Reasoning about cardinal directions between extended objects', ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, vol. 174, no. 12-13, pp. 951-983.
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Direction relations between extended spatial objects are important commonsense knowledge. Recently, Goyal and Egenhofer proposed a relation model, known as the cardinal direction calculus (CDC), for representing direction relations between connected plane regions. The CDC is perhaps the most expressive qualitative calculus for directional information, and has attracted increasing interest from areas such as artificial intelligence, geographical information science, and image retrieval. Given a network of CDC constraints, the consistency problem is deciding if the network is realizable by connected regions in the real plane. This paper provides a cubic algorithm for checking the consistency of complete networks of basic CDC constraints, and proves that reasoning with the CDC is in general an NP-complete problem. For a consistent complete network of basic CDC constraints, our algorithm returns a âcanonicalâ solution in cubic time. This cubic algorithm is also adapted to check the consistency of complete networks of basic cardinal constraints between possibly disconnected regions.

Longbing Cao, Yanchang Zhao, Huaifeng Zhang, Dan Luo, Chengqi Zhang & Park, EK 2010, 'Flexible Frameworks for Actionable Knowledge Discovery', IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, vol. 22, no. 9, pp. 1299-1312.
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Most data mining algorithms and tools stop at the mining and delivery of patterns satisfying expected technical interestingness. There are often many patterns mined but business people either are not interested in them or do not know what follow-up actio

Lu, H, Sriyanyong, P, Song, YH & Dillon, T 2010, 'Experimental study of a new hybrid PSO with mutation for economic dispatch with non-smooth cost function', International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 32, no. 9, pp. 921-935.
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Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a population-based evolutionary technique. Advancements in the PSO development over the last decade have made it one of the most promising optimization algorithms for a wide range of complex engineering optimization problems which traditional derivative-based optimization techniques cannot handle. The most attractive features of PSO are its algorithmic simplicity and fast convergence. However, PSO tends to suffer from premature convergence when applied to strongly multi-modal optimization problems. This paper proposes a method of incorporating a real-valued mutation (RVM) operator into the PSO algorithms, aimed at enhancing global search capability. Three variants of PSO algorithms are considered. The resultant hybrid PSO-RVM algorithms are experimentally investigated along with the PSO variants and an existing PSO with Gaussian mutation using six typical benchmark functions. It is interesting to see that the effectiveness of RVM varies for different PSO variants as well as different kinds of functions. It has been found that one of the hybrid algorithms, CBPSO-RVM, which is an integration of the PSO with the constriction factor and inertia weight (CBPSO) and the RVM operator, exhibits significantly better performance in most of the test cases compared to the other algorithms under consideration. Furthermore, this algorithm is superior to most of the existing algorithms used in this study when applied to two practical ED problems with non-smooth cost function considering the multiple fuel type and/or valve-point loading effects.

Lu, J & Zhang, G 2010, 'A special issue on decision intelligence with soft computing', SOFT COMPUTING, vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 1253-1254.
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Lu, J, Ruan, D & Zhang, G 2010, 'A special issue on Intelligent Decision Support and Warning Systems', KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 1-2.
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Lu, J, Shambour, Q, Xu, Y, Lin, Q & Zhang, G 2010, 'BizSeeker A hybrid semantic recommendation system for personalized government-to-business e-services', INTERNET RESEARCH, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 342-365.
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Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to develop a hybrid semantic recommendation system to provide personalized government to business (G2B) e-services, in particular, business partner recommendation e-services for Australian small to medium enterprises (SMEs). Design/methodology/approach - The study first proposes a product semantic relevance model. It then develops a hybrid semantic recommendation approach which combines item-based collaborative filtering (CF) similarity and item-based semantic similarity techniques. This hybrid approach is implemented into an intelligent business-partner-locator recommendation-system prototype called BizSeeker. Findings - The hybrid semantic recommendation approach can help overcome the limitations of existing recommendation techniques. The recommendation system prototype, BizSeeker, can recommend relevant business partners to individual business users (e.g. exporters), which therefore will reduce the time, cost and risk of businesses involved in entering local and international markets. Practical implications - The study would be of great value in e-government personalization research. It would facilitate the transformation of the current G2B e-services into a new stage wherein the e-government agencies offer personalized e-services to business users. The study would help government policy decision-makers to increase the adoption of e-government services. Originality/value - Providing personalized e-services by e-government can be seen as an evolution of the intentions-based approach and will be one of the next directions of government e-services. This paper develops a new recommender approach and systems to improve personalization of government e-services.

Lu, J, Wang, C, Zhang, G & Ma, J 2010, 'Collaborative management of web ontology data with flexible access control', EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 3737-3746.
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The creation and management of ontology data on web sites (e.g. instance data that is used to annotate web pages) is important technical support for the growth of the semantic web. This study identifies some key issues for web ontology data management and describes an ontology data management system, called robinet, to perform the management. This paper presents the structure of the system and introduces a Web ontology data management model that enables a flexible access control mechanism. This model adds rules into the robinet system to utilize the semantics of ontology for controlling the access to ontology data. The implementation of the rule-based access control mechanism and related testing are also discussed

Luo, F, Liu, J & Li, J 2010, 'Discovering conditional co-regulated protein complexes by integrating diverse data sources.', BMC Syst Biol, vol. 4 Suppl 2, no. Suppl 2, pp. S4-13.
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BACKGROUND: Proteins interacting with each other as a complex play an important role in many molecular processes and functions. Directly detecting protein complexes is still costly, whereas many protein-protein interaction (PPI) maps for model organisms are available owing to the fast development of high-throughput PPI detecting techniques. These binary PPI data provides fundamental and abundant information for inferring new protein complexes. However, PPI data from different experiments do not overlap very much usually. The main reason is that the functions of proteins can activate only on certain environment or stimulus. In a short, PPI is condition-specific. Therefore specifying the conditions on when complexes are present is necessary for a deep understanding of their behaviours. Meanwhile, proteins have various interaction ways and control mechanisms to form different kinds of complexes. Thus the discovery of a certain type of complexes should depend on their own distinct biological or topological characteristics. We do not attempt to find all kinds of complexes by using certain features. Here, we integrate transcription regulation data (TR), gene expression data (GE) and protein-protein interaction data at the systems biology level to discover a special kind of protein complex called conditional co-regulated protein complexes. A conditional co-regulated protein complex has three remarkable features: the coding genes of the member proteins share the same transcription factor (TF), under a certain condition the coding genes express co-ordinately and the member proteins interact mutually as a complex to implement a common biological function. RESULTS: A framework of discovering the conditional co-regulated protein complexes is proposed. Testing on the Yeast data sets under the Cell Cycle, DNA Damage and Dauxic Shift conditions, we identified a total of 29 conditional co-regulated complexes, among which the coding genes in 14 complexes show a strong a...

Luo, Q & Tong, L 2010, 'Multi-physics field models of photostrictive unimorphs and heterogeneous bimorphs subjected to light illumination and mechanical loading', International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol. 47, no. 16, pp. 2006-2016.
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Luo, Z, Gao, W & Song, C 2010, 'Design of Multi-phase Piezoelectric Actuators', Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, vol. 21, no. 18, pp. 1851-1865.
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A new multi-objective topology optimization method is proposed in this study for systematic design of multi-phase piezoelectric actuators. The actuator under consideration is composed of a compliant host structure equipped with piezoelectric elements, where the host structure serves as a compliant amplifier to enlarge the small stroke output generated by the actuation force of piezoelectric materials. In the context of optimal design of smart actuators, however, most up-to-date approaches are either to optimize only the host passive structure with pre-determined piezoelectric stacks or to optimize the piezoelectric actuator with pre-known structure, both of which restricts the overall performance of multi-material actuators. To capture the inherent multi-criteria characteristic of compliant actuators, this study proposes a new multi-objective topology optimization formulation to consider both the structural stiffness and mechanical flexibility of the actuation system via the physical programming. A SIMP-based interpolation scheme is applied to describe practical material properties of any points in the orthotropic design domain. The design problem of the actuator is thus transformed to a numerical process of distributing multiple materials iteratively in the design domain until both the host structure and piezoelectric material elements are optimized. Two typical numerical examples are applied to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method in the design of in-plane actuation devices.

Luo, Z, Gao, W & Song, C 2010, 'Design of Multi-phase Piezoelectric Actuators', Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, vol. 21, no. 8, pp. 1851-1865.
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A new multi-objective topology optimization method is proposed in this study for systematic design of multi-phase piezoelectric actuators. The actuator under consideration is composed of a compliant host structure equipped with piezoelectric elements, where the host structure serves as a compliant amplifier to enlarge the small stroke output generated by the actuation force of piezoelectric materials. In the context of optimal design of smart actuators, however, most up-to-date approaches are either to optimize only the host passive structure with pre-determined piezoelectric stacks or to optimize the piezoelectric actuator with pre-known structure, both of which restricts the overall performance of multi-material actuators. To capture the inherent multi-criteria characteristic of compliant actuators, this study proposes a new multi-objective topology optimization formulation to consider both the structural stiffness and mechanical flexibility of the actuation system via the physical programming. A SIMP-based interpolation scheme is applied to describe practical material properties of any points in the orthotropic design domain. The design problem of the actuator is thus transformed to a numerical process of distributing multiple materials iteratively in the design domain until both the host structure and piezoelectric material elements are optimized. Two typical numerical examples are applied to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method in the design of in-plane actuation devices

Ma, J, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2010, 'Decider: A fuzzy multi-criteria group decision support system', KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 23-31.
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Multi-criteria group decision making (MCGDM) aims to support preference-based decision over the available alternatives that are characterized by multiple criteria in a group. To increase the level of overall satisfaction for the final decision across the group and deal with uncertainty in decision process, a fuzzy MCGDM process (FMP) model is established in this study. This FMP model can also aggregate both subjective and objective information under multi-level hierarchies of criteria and evaluators. Based on the FMP model, a fuzzy MCGDM decision support system (called Decider) is developed, which can handle information expressed in linguistic terms, boolean values, as well as numeric values to assess and rank a set of alternatives within a group of decision makers. Real applications indicate that the presented FMP model and the Decider software are able to effectively handle fuzziness in both subjective and objective information and support group decision-making under multi-level criteria with a higher level of satisfaction by decision makers. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Ma, J, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2010, 'Team situation awareness measure using semantic utility functions for supporting dynamic decision-making', SOFT COMPUTING, vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 1305-1316.
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Team decision-making is a remarkable feature in a complex dynamic decision environment, which can be supported by team situation awareness. In this paper, a team situation awareness measure (TSAM) method using a semantic utility function is proposed. The semantic utility function is used to clarify the semantics of qualitative information expressed in linguistic terms. The individual and team situation awareness are treated as linguistic possibility distributions on the potential decisions in a dynamic decision environment. In the TSAM method, team situation awareness is generated through reasoning and aggregating individual situation awareness based on a multi-level hierarchy mental model of the team. Individual and team mental models are composed of key drivers and significant variables. An illustrative example in telecoms customer churn prediction is given to explain the effectiveness and the main steps of the TSAM method. © 2009 Springer-Verlag.

Ma, J, Zhang, G & Lu, J 2010, 'A state-based knowledge representation approach for information logical inconsistency detection in warning systems', KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 125-131.
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Detecting logical inconsistency in collected information is a vital function when deploying a knowledge-based warning system to monitor a specific application domain for the reason that logical inconsistency is often hidden from seemingly consistent information and may lead to unexpected results. Existing logical inconsistency detection methods usually focus on information stored in a knowledge base by using a well-defined general purpose knowledge representation approach, and therefore cannot fulfill the demands of a domain-specific situation. This paper first proposes a state-based knowledge representation approach, in which domain-specific knowledge is expressed by combinations of the relevant objects' states. Based on this approach, a method for information logical inconsistency detection (ILID) is developed which can flexibly handle the demands of various domain-specific situations through reducing part of restrictions in existing methods. Finally, two real-case based examples are presented to illustrate the ILID method and its advantages. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Ma, M, Huang, X & Guo, Y 2010, 'An interference self-cancellation technique for SC-FDMA systems', IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 512-514.
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A new interference self-cancellation (ISC) method for Single Carrier-FDMA (SC-FDMA) systems is proposed to mitigate the inter-user interference caused by frequency offset or Doppler effect. By transmitting a compensation symbol at the first symbol location in each resource block, the energy leakage can be significantly suppressed. With little bandwidth and power sacrifice, the proposed method can greatly improve the system robustness against frequency offset. Simulation results show that the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) can be improved by 7 dB on average for the entire system band, and up to 11.7 dB for an individual user. © 2010 IEEE.

MacDougall, C, McGregor, C & Percival, J 2010, 'The fusion of clinical guidelines with technology: Trends & challenges', Electronic Journal of Health Informatics, vol. 5, no. 2.
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The use of Health Information Technology (HIT) within the healthcare setting can be a great resource to contribute to improved patient care. Clinical guidelines are developed to aid in the decision making process of healthcare professionals and contain the leading edge of best patient practice. There is an abundance of evidence presenting the benefits that HIT contain; however, its use is rarely incorporated in today's clinical guidelines. Although, research suggests that the benefits of HIT are enough to integrate their use in clinical guidelines, there are a number of challenges that interfere with its implementation, such as, cultural diversity, interdisciplinary nature, lack of HIT knowledge for workers, evolution of technology, heavy clinical workload and lack of medical background in developers of HIT. The purpose of this research project is to present a literature review to further understand the trends and challenges of implementing HIT use within clinical guidelines. A modelling system, PaJMa is also introduced to visually depict a patient's journey and the methods of documentation. PaJMa can aid in discovering gaps in healthcare documentation and closing those gaps through HIT use within clinical guidelines. Further research revealed that there are models and approaches supporting the process and creation of clinical guidelines but none of these enable the inclusion of what technology will be used to support the implementation of these procedures. The research project concludes with ideas for future research in the area of clinical guideline development and HIT implementation. © of articles is retained by authors.

Mahlia, TMI & Iqbal, A 2010, 'Cost benefits analysis and emission reductions of optimum thickness and air gaps for selected insulation materials for building walls in Maldives', Energy, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 2242-2250.
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Mahlia, TMI & Saidur, R 2010, 'A review on test procedure, energy efficiency standards and energy labels for room air conditioners and refrigerator–freezers', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 1888-1900.
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Mahlia, TMI & Yanti, PAA 2010, 'Cost efficiency analysis and emission reduction by implementation of energy efficiency standards for electric motors', Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 365-374.
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Mahlia, TMI, Saidur, R, Husnawan, M, Masjuki, HH & Kalam, MA 2010, 'An approach to estimate the life-cycle cost of energy efficiency improvement of room air conditioners', Energy Education Science and Technology Part A: Energy Science and Research, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 1-11.
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This paper presents an approach to calculate life-cycle cost analysis of energy efficiency improvement of room air conditioners. The least efficient model from a survey in the market is selected for sample calculation. The method includes the selection of a set of design options that increase efficiency, life cycle cost (LCC) analysis and payback period. LCC is analyzed as a function of seven design options and five variables, namely discount rate, fuel price, appliance lifetime, incremental cost and potential efficiency improvement. The study found that, certain level of efficiency improvement can be achieved, if manufacturers willing to adopt more efficient design options with a little additional investment for the product. Furthermore, the method can be used for other appliances without any major modification.

Mahmud, AR, Biswajeet, P, Hadipour, M & Kadar, HA 2010, 'Mathematical modeling of urban air quality: An urban transportation modeling case study in Petaling Jaya, Malaysia', Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 14-21.
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This paper provides the findings on a project . undertaken to develop a geo-spatial mathematical model relating land-use, road type and air quality. The model shows how spatial elements and issues were quantified to accurately represent the usual and unusual urban environment in the development of residential land-use. The mathematical relationship was based on the optimum distance between residential area and urban transportation network. The spatial data (urban land-use and urban network development) were generated using satellite images, aerial photos and land use maps. Geospatial analyses were performed to find the effect and impact of urban air quality with respect to urban transportation networks. The output of the study would assist the task to reduce negative transport environmental impacts particularism the field of air pollution. It would also be useful in identifying the potential residential area with respect to urban transportation network towards ' achieving sustainable development.

Mann, S, Li, J & Chen, Y-PP 2010, 'Insights into Bacterial Genome Composition through Variable Target GC Content Profiling', Journal of Computational Biology, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 79-96.
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This study presents a new computational method for guanine (G) and cytosine (C), or GC, content profiling based on the idea of multiple resolution sampling (MRS). The benefit of our new approach over existing techniques follows from its ability to locate

Manoharan, V, Yunusa, IAM, Loganathan, P, Lawrie, R, Murray, BR, Skilbeck, CG & Eamus, D 2010, 'Boron contents and solubility in Australian fly ashes and its uptake by canola (Brassica napus L.) from the ash-amended soils', AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL RESEARCH, vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 480-487.
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Phytotoxicity due to excessive boron (B) uptake by plants impedes routine agronomic utilisation of coal fly ash. We assessed 11 fly ashes (pH 3.1410.77) having total B content (Bt) of 12136mg/kg, of which 2030% was hot water soluble (Bs) in the acidic ashes (pH 5) and 510% in the alkaline ashes, for their potential to supply B to plants and their risk associated with phytotoxicity. We found the Bs/Bt to be negatively correlated (R2≤0.63, N≤11) with ash pH. We conducted two pot trials in which canola was grown in soils amended with fly ash. In the first trial, an alkaline fly ash (Bt 66mg/kg) was incorporated at 5 rates of up to 625Mg/ha into the top 50mm of 2 acidic soils in 0.30-m-long intact cores, and sown with canola. Boron concentration in leaves at flowering reached the phytotoxic threshold, and both plant growth and seed yield were reduced, only at 625Mg/ha. In the second trial, 4 fly ashes (pH 3.2910.77, Bt 12127mg/kg) were incorporated at 4 rates of up to 108Mg/ha into the top 0.10m of 2 acidic soils in 1.0-m-long intact cores and then sown with canola. Ashes with highest Bt, when applied at 108Mg/ha, increased B concentration in the topsoil only. Of the 2 ashes with the highest B t, only that which produced low soil pH and applied at 108Mg/ha increased B concentration in the shoot, but was still below phytotoxic threshold. The results suggest that B derived from these ashes may not cause phytotoxicity and excessive soil B accumulation if the ashes are applied at modest rates (36Mg/ha) to the topsoil layers. © 2010 CSIRO.

Manoharan, V, Yunusa, IAM, Loganathan, P, Lawrie, R, Skilbeck, G, Burchett, MD, Murray, BR & Eamus, D 2010, 'Assessments of Class F fly ashes for amelioration of soil acidity and their influence on growth and uptake of Mo and Se by canola', FUEL, vol. 89, no. 11, pp. 3498-3504.
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Coal fly ash can be used to ameliorate productivity constraints in agricultural soils, but their efficacy still remains highly variable. To ascertain the capacity of Class F fly ashes to modify pH of acidic soils, and their effects on the yield and uptake of molybdenum (Mo) and selenium (Se) by canola (Brassica napus L.), we applied two acidic and two alkaline Class F ashes at rates equivalent to 0, 12, 36, and 108 Mg/ha to the top layer (0-10 cm) of 100 cm long intact cores of acidic sandy clay and clay loam soils. Only the alkaline ash which had the highest calcium carbonate equivalent (2.43%) increased the pH of the top 10 cm of the sandy clay soil. However, this ash was also highly saline and when applied at ≥36 Mg/ha it increased the electrical conductivity in the top soil layer. Increases in soil pH as a result of alkaline ash addition also elevated concentrations of Se in the plant shoot. The ashes with high concentrations of Mo and Se generally increased uptake of these elements in the plant shoot and/or seed. When these ashes were applied at 108 Mg/ha they increased the concentrations of these elements in the treated topsoil. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Marjanovic, O 2010, 'The Importance of Process Thinking in Business Intelligence', International Journal of Business Intelligence Research (IJBIR), vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 29-46.
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The growing field of Operational Business Intelligence (BI) has resulted in increasing interest in BI-supported Business Processes (BPs), including their management and ongoing improvement. This has led BI practitioners to consider another field–Business Process Management (BPM)–that is closely related to business performance management. However, current approaches to the BPM and operational BI integration have been limited and reduced to the problem of technical integration of BPM and BI systems. This paper argues that by adopting process- thinking in BI, further opportunities for business value creation could be discovered through systematic analysis of the non-technical aspects of BI and BPM integration, including strategy alignment, human-centered knowledge management, and ongoing improvement of BI supported processes. The authors propose a theoretical framework founded in the related research in BPM, BI, and Knowledge Management (KM) fields, describing the ways it has been used to guide ongoing empirical research in diverse case organizations across different industry sectors.

Maskaoui, K & Zhou, JL 2010, 'Colloids as a sink for certain pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment', Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 898-907.
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Background, aim, and scope: The occurrence and fate of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment is recognized as one of the emerging issues in environmental chemistry and as a matter of public concern. Existing data tend to focus on the concentrations of pharmaceuticals in the aqueous phase, with limited studies on their concentrations in particulate phase such as sediments. Furthermore, current water quality monitoring does not differentiate between soluble and colloidal phases in water samples, hindering our understanding of the bioavailability and bioaccumulation of pharmaceuticals in aquatic organisms. In this study, an investigation was conducted into the concentrations and phase association (soluble, colloidal, suspended particulate matter or SPM) of selected pharmaceuticals (propranolol, sulfamethoxazole, meberverine, thioridazine, carbamazepine, tamoxifen, indomethacine, diclofenac, and meclofenamic acid) in river water, effluents from sewage treatment works (STW), and groundwater in the UK. Materials and methods: The occurrence and phase association of selected pharmaceuticals propranolol, sulfamethoxazole, meberverine, thioridazine, carbamazepine, tamoxifen, indomethacine, diclofenac, and meclofenamic acid in contrasting aquatic environments (river, sewage effluent, and groundwater) were studied. Colloids were isolated by cross-flow ultrafiltration (CFUF). Water samples were extracted by solid-phase extraction (SPE), while SPM was extracted by microwave. All sample extracts were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in the multiple reaction monitoring. Results and discussion: Five compounds propranolol, sulfamethoxazole, carbamazepine, indomethacine, and diclofenac were detected in all samples, with carbamazepine showing the highest concentrations in all phases. The highest concentrations of these compounds were detected in STW effluents, confirming STW as a key source of these compounds in the aquatic environ...

Mathieson, L 2010, 'The parameterized complexity of editing graphs for bounded degeneracy', Theoretical Computer Science, vol. 411, no. 34-36, pp. 3181-3187.
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McGloin, D & Reid, JP 2010, 'Forty Years of Optical Manipulation', Optics and Photonics News, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 20-20.
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The advancements in the optical technologies that enable researchers to make significant developments in the field of physics and biology have been discussed. One of the researchers, Arthur Ashkin, has demonstrated trapping using two counter-propagating beams and using a single beam that was obtained by propagating a beam vertically and using gravity to balance the radiation pressure force. The optical tweezers system has been introduced that uses a laser source passed through two telescope systems, the first to expand the beam to slightly overfill the back aperture of the microscope objective and the second to make the beam at the microscope conjugate with the beam on a steering mirror. The two multibeam techniques that are widely used includes scanning and holographic. The scanning techniques involve a beam that is scanned very rapidly across the particles of interest. The holographic techniques involve an input Gaussian beam, which has its phase modulated into that of target intensity at the focal plane of the microscope objective.

McGregor, C & Eklund, JM 2010, 'Next generation remote critical care through service-oriented architectures: challenges and opportunities', Service Oriented Computing and Applications, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 33-43.
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Health care providers and governments are under pressure to maintain and improve the quality of care to an increasing volume of critical care patients at either end of the life cycle, namely premature and ill term babies together with the elderly. The provision of a service of critical care utilizing real time service-oriented architectures has the potential to enable clinicians to be supported in the care of a greater number patients that are, perhaps more importantly, located elsewhere to their intensive care units. This paper presents a review of recent research in the application of computing and IT to support the service of critical care and determines the trends and challenges for the application of real time service-oriented architectures within the domain. It then presents some case study-based research on the design of a service-oriented architecture-based approach to support two aspects of critical care namely elderly care and neonatal intensive care to provide further context to trends and opportunities. © 2010 Springer-Verlag London Limited.

Mellor, D, Prieto, E, Mathieson, L & Moscato, P 2010, 'A Kernelisation Approach for Multiple d-Hitting Set and Its Application in Optimal Multi-Drug Therapeutic Combinations', PLoS ONE, vol. 5, no. 10, pp. e13055-e13055.
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Therapies consisting of a combination of agents are an attractive proposition, especially in the context of diseases such as cancer, which can manifest with a variety of tumor types in a single case. However uncovering usable drug combinations is expensive both financially and temporally. By employing computational methods to identify candidate combinations with a greater likelihood of success we can avoid these problems, even when the amount of data is prohibitively large. HITTING SET is a combinatorial problem that has useful application across many fields, however as it is NP-complete it is traditionally considered hard to solve exactly. We introduce a more general version of the problem (α,β,d)-HITTING SET, which allows more precise control over how and what the hitting set targets. Employing the framework of Parameterized Complexity we show that despite being NP-complete, the ((α,β,d)-HITTING SET problem is fixed-parameter tractable with a kernel of size O(αdkd) when we parameterize by the size k of the hitting set and the maximum number a of the minimum number of hits, and taking the maximum degree d of the target sets as a constant. We demonstrate the application of this problem to multiple drug selection for cancer therapy, showing the flexibility of the problem in tailoring such drug sets. The fixed-parameter tractability result indicates that for low values of the parameters the problem can be solved quickly using exact methods. We also demonstrate that the problem is indeed practical, with computation times on the order of 5 seconds, as compared to previous Hitting Set applications using the same dataset which exhibited times on the order of 1 day, even with relatively relaxed notions for what constitutes a low value for the parameters. Furthermore the existence of a kernelization for ((α,β,d)-HITTING SET indicates that the problem is readily scalable to large datasets. © 2010 Mellor et al.

Meng, X, Wang, S, Qiu, J, Zhu, JG & Guo, Y 2010, 'Cogging torque reduction of Bldc motor using level set based topology optimization incorporating with triangular finite element', International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 33, no. 3-4, pp. 1069-1076.
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Cogging torque in permanentmagnet brushless DC (BLDC) motor causes torque and speed ripples, as well as acoustic noise and vibration, especially in low speed and direct drive applications. In this paper, the stator core shape is optimized by using a level set based topology optimization to reduce cogging torque. The level set method can represent the precise boundary shape of structure and also deal with complex topology changes during the optimization process. Different from the conventional rectangular meshes, the level set technique based triangular finite element meshes are presented in this paper to deal with irregular domains. The comparison of cogging torque calculated before and after topology optimization verifies the advantages of the level set topology optimization based on triangular meshes.

Meng, X, Wang, S, Qiu, J, Zhu, JG, Wang, Y, Guo, Y, Liu, D & Xu, W 2010, 'Dynamic Multilevel Optimization of Machine Design and Control Parameters Based on Correlation Analysis', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 46, no. 8, pp. 2779-2782.
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In this paper, a multilevel optimization method is proposed for a motor drive system including a surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine (SPMSM), the converter/inverter, and the control schemes. First, the multilevel optimization is described by using the problem matrix which may be used to allocate the design variables on different levels. The parameters in the problem matrix are deduced by using correlation analysis. Second, the architecture and implementation of multilevel genetic algorithm (MLGA) are carried out. As one of the advantages of MLGA, the dynamic adjustment strategy of GA operators is utilized to improve the optimal performance. The algorithm is then applied to a three-level optimization problem in which the optimization of SPMSM design and the control parameters of drive are considered in different levels. Finally, some results and discussions about the application of the proposed algorithm are presented. © 2006 IEEE.

Merigó Lindahl, JM & Casanovas Ramón, M 2010, 'The generalized hybrid averaging operator and its application in decision making', Revista de Metodos Cuantitativos para la Economia y la Empresa, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 69-84.
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We present the generalized hybrid averaging (GHA) operator. It is a new aggregation operator that generalizes the hybrid averaging (HA) operator by using the generalized mean. Thus, we are able to generalize a wide range of mean operators such as the HA, the hybrid geometric averaging (HGA), the hybrid quadratic averaging (HQA), the generalized ordered weighted averaging (GOWA) operator and the weighted generalized mean (WGM). A key feature in this aggregation operator is that it is able to deal with the weighted average and the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator in the same formulation. We further generalize the GHA by using quasi-arithmetic means obtaining the quasi-arithmetic hybrid averaging (Quasi-HA) operator. We conclude the paper with an example of the new approach in a financial decision making problem.

Merigó, JM 2010, 'Fuzzy decision making with immediate probabilities', Computers & Industrial Engineering, vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 651-657.
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Merigo, JM & Casanovas, M 2010, 'Induced and heavy aggregation operators with distance measures', Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 431-439.
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Merigó, JM & Casanovas, M 2010, 'Decision making with distance measures and linguistic aggregation 0operators', International Journal of Fuzzy Systems, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 190-198.
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We present a new decision making model with distance measures by using linguistic aggregation operators. We introduce a new aggregation operator called the linguistic ordered weighted averaging distance (LOWAD) operator. This aggregation operator provides a parameterized family of blinguistic aggregation operators that includes the maximum distance, the minimum distance, the linguistic normalized Hamming distance and the linguistic weighted Hamming distance, among others. We study some of its main properties and different families of LOWAD operators such as the median-LOWAD, the Olympic-LOWAD, the S-LOWAD and the centered-LOWAD. We also develop an application of the new approach in a decision making problem concerning human resource management. © 2010 TFSA.

Merigó, JM & Casanovas, M 2010, 'Fuzzy generalized hybrid aggregation operators and its application in fuzzy decision making', International Journal of Fuzzy Systems, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 15-24.
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The hybrid averaging (HA) is an aggregation operator that uses the weighted average (WA) and the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator in the same formulation. In this paper, we introduce several generalizations of the HA operator by using generalized and quasi-arithmetic means, fuzzy numbers and order inducing variables in the reordering step of the aggregation process. We present the fuzzy generalized hybrid averaging (FGHA) operator, the fuzzy induced generalized hybrid averaging (FIGHA) operator, the Quasi-FHA operator and the Quasi-FIHA operator. The main advantage of these operators is that they generalize a wide range of fuzzy aggregation operators that can be used in a wide range of applications such as decision making problems. For example, we could mention the fuzzy induced hybrid averaging (FIHA), the fuzzy weighted generalized mean (FWGM) and the fuzzy induced generalized OWA (FIGOWA). We end the paper with an application of the new approach in a decision making problem. © 2010 TFSA.

Merigó, JM & Casanovas, M 2010, 'THE FUZZY GENERALIZED OWA OPERATOR AND ITS APPLICATION IN STRATEGIC DECISION MAKING', Cybernetics and Systems, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 359-370.
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Merigó, JM & Gil-Lafuente, AM 2010, 'New decision-making techniques and their application in the selection of financial products', Information Sciences, vol. 180, no. 11, pp. 2085-2094.
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MERIGÓ, JM, CASANOVAS, M & MARTÍNEZ, L 2010, 'LINGUISTIC AGGREGATION OPERATORS FOR LINGUISTIC DECISION MAKING BASED ON THE DEMPSTER-SHAFER THEORY OF EVIDENCE', International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems, vol. 18, no. 03, pp. 287-304.
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In this paper, we develop a new approach for decision making with Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence by using linguistic information. We suggest the use of different types of linguistic aggregation operators in the model. We then obtain as a result, the belief structure — linguistic ordered weighted averaging (BS-LOWA), the BS — linguistic hybrid averaging (BS-LHA) and a wide range of particular cases. Some of their main properties are studied. Finally, we provide an illustrative example that shows the different results obtained by using different types of linguistic aggregation operators in the new approach.

Merigó, JM, Gil Lafuente, AM & Barcellos, L 2010, 'UNCERTAIN INDUCED GENERALIZED AGGREGATION OPERATORS AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE THEORY OF EXPERTONS', FUZZY ECONOMIC REVIEW, vol. 15, no. 02, pp. 25-42.
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We present a new approach that unifies the induced generalized ordered weighted averaging (IGOWA) operator with the weighted average (WA) when the available information is uncertain and can be assessed with interval numbers. We call it the uncertain induced generalized ordered weighted averaging - weighted averaging (UIGOWAWA) operator. The main advantage of this approach is that it unifies the IOWA and the WA taking into account the degree of importance of each case in the formulation and considering that the information is given with interval numbers. We also study different properties of the UIGOWAWA operator and different particular cases. We also analyze the applicability of the new approach and we see that it is possible to develop a wide range of applications because all the previous studies that use the WA can be revised and extended with this new approach. We focus on an application in decision making with the theory of expertons. Thus, we are able to assess group decision making problems in a more complete way.

Miliszewska, I & Sztendur, E 2010, 'Interest in ICT Studies and Careers: Perspectives of Secondary School Female Students from Low Socioeconomic Backgrounds', Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management, vol. 5, pp. 237-260.
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The under-representation of females in information and communication technology (ICT) fields of study and careers continues to attract considerable attention. This article discusses findings of a research study that investigated interest in ICT studies and careers among female secondary school students. The investigation focused on girls from schools in the Western suburbs of Melbourne, Australia, home to families with low socio-economic status and students exposed to "educational disadvantage." The article outlines the demographic background of the participating girls, their experiences with ICT, self-efficacy of ICT skills, and their preferences for future studies and careers in ICT. It also analyzes factors that might have influenced the girls' attitudes towards ICT studies and careers, including their ethnic background, exposure to ICT at school and home, and perceptions of ICT. The article concludes with suggestions for future research.

Milton, J & Kennedy, PJ 2010, 'Static and Dynamic Selection Thresholds Governing the Accumulation of Information in Genetic Algorithms Using Ranked Populations', EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 229-254.
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Mutation applied indiscriminately across a population has, on average, a detrimental effect on the accumulation of solution alleles within the population and is usually beneficial only when targeted at individuals with few solution alleles. Many common selection techniques can delete individuals with more solution alleles than are easily recovered by mutation. The paper identifies static and dynamic selection thresholds governing accumulation of information in a genetic algorithm (GA). When individuals are ranked by fitness, there exists a dynamic threshold defined by the solution density of surviving individuals and a lower static threshold defined by the solution density of the information source used for mutation. Replacing individuals ranked below the static threshold with randomly generated individuals avoids the need for mutation while maintaining diversity in the population with a consequent improvement in population fitness. By replacing individuals ranked between the thresholds with randomly selected individuals from above the dynamic threshold, population fitness improves dramatically. We model the dynamic behavior of GAs using these thresholds and demonstrate their effectiveness by simulation and benchmark problems.

Monk, CE, Hutvagner, G & Arthur, JSC 2010, 'Regulation of miRNA Transcription in Macrophages in Response to Candida albicans', PLoS ONE, vol. 5, no. 10, pp. e13669-e13669.
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Macrophages detect pathogens via pattern recognition receptors (PRRS), which trigger several intracellular signaling cascades including the MAPK and NFKB pathways. These in turn mediate the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines that are essential to combat the pathogen. However as the over-production of pro-inflammatory cytokines results in tissue damage or septic shock, precise control of these signaling pathways is essential and achieved via the induction of multiple negative feedback mechanisms. MIRNAS are small regulatory RNAS that are able to affect protein expression, via the regulation of either mRNA stability or translation. Up-regulation of specific MIRNAS could have the potential to modulate PRR signaling, as has been shown for both miR-146 and miR-155. Here we have analysed which MIRNAS are up-regulated in mouse macrophages in response to the fungal pathogen heat killed Candida albicans and compared the profile to that obtained with the TLR4 ligand LPS. We found that in addition to miR-146 and miR-155, both Candida albicans and LPS were also able to up-regulate miR-455 and miR-125a. Analysis of the signaling pathways required showed that NFKB was necessary for the transcription of all 4 pri-MIRNAS, while the ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathways were also required for pri-miR-125a transcription. In addition the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was found to be able to induce miR-146a and b, but inhibited miR-155 induction. These results suggest that miR-455, miR-125, miR-146 and miR-155 may play important roles in regulating macrophage function following PRR stimulation. © 2010 Monk et al.

Morik, K, Deuse, J, Faber, V & Bohnen, F 2010, 'Data Mining in Sensordaten verketteter Prozesse', Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, vol. 105, no. 1-2, pp. 106-110.
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Kurzfassung Das Prinzip der autonomen Automation wird als Methode der Lean Production zur Kostensenkung durch Vermeidung von Ausschuss und Nacharbeit genutzt. Während in Arbeitssystemen geringer Komplexität integrierte automatische Qualitätsprüfungen bereits erfolgreich zum Einsatz kommen, ist eine Übertragung auf komplexe, verkettete Arbeitssysteme derzeit nicht vollständig umsetzbar. In diesem Beitrag wird am Beispiel eines Walzprozesses ein auf maschinellen Lernverfahren basierender Ansatz zur Realisierung der autonomen Automation in komplexen, verketteten Produktionsprozessen vorgestellt. Hierbei werden verschiedene Herausforderungen, welche durch produktionstechnische Restriktionen entstehen, aufgezeigt und die Notwendigkeit von Weiterentwicklungen bestehender Lernverfahren unter der Zielsetzung der Einbindung in die Produktion dargelegt.

Morik, K, Stolpe, M, Deuse, J, Bohnen, F & Reichel, U 2010, 'Forecast model for the determination of product characteristics: Application of data mining procedures in the rolling mill', Stahl und Eisen, vol. 130, no. 10, pp. 80-82.

Morik, K, Stolpe, M, Deuse, J, Bohnen, F & Reichel, U 2010, 'Use of data-mining techniques in the rolling work.', STAHL UND EISEN, vol. 130, no. 10, pp. 80-82.

Mousavi, SM, Alavi, AH, Gandomi, AH, Esmaeili, MA & Gandomi, M 2010, 'A data mining approach to compressive strength of CFRP-confined concrete cylinders', Structural Engineering and Mechanics, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 759-783.
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Mousavi, SM, Gandomi, AH, Alavi, AH & Vesalimahmood, M 2010, 'Modeling of compressive strength of HPC mixes using a combined algorithm of genetic programming and orthogonal least squares', Structural Engineering and Mechanics, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 225-241.
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Munro, WJ, Harrison, KA, Stephens, AM, Devitt, SJ & Nemoto, K 2010, 'From quantum multiplexing to high-performance quantum networking', Nature Photonics, vol. 4, no. 11, pp. 792-796.
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Myles, A, Pietroni, N, Kovacs, D & Zorin, D 2010, 'Feature-aligned T-meshes', ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 1-11.
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High-order and regularly sampled surface representations are more efficient and compact than general meshes and considerably simplify many geometric modeling and processing algorithms. A number of recent algorithms for conversion of arbitrary meshes to regularly sampled form (typically quadrangulation) aim to align the resulting mesh with feature lines of the geometry. While resulting in a substantial improvement in mesh quality, feature alignment makes it difficult to obtain coarse regular patch partitions of the mesh. In this paper, we propose an approach to constructing patch layouts consisting of small numbers of quadrilateral patches while maintaining good feature alignment. To achieve this, we use quadrilateral T-meshes, for which the intersection of two faces may not be the whole edge or vertex, but a part of an edge. T-meshes offer more flexibility for reduction of the number of patches and vertices in a base domain while maintaining alignment with geometric features. At the same time, T-meshes retain many desirable features of quadrangulations, allowing construction of high-order representations, easy packing of regularly sampled geometric data into textures, as well as supporting different types of discretizations for physical simulation.

Na, SH, Shon, HK, Kim, JB, Park, HJ, Cho, DL, El Saliby, I & Kim, J-H 2010, 'Recycling of excess sludge using titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) as a flocculant aid with alkaline-thermal hydrolysis', JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 96-100.
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The highly strengthened treatment and disposal of excess sludge based on economic and environmental regulation factors is one of the important issues to be dealt with in the activated sludge process. In this study, the reduction and recycling technology of excess sludge were investigated for the aim of achieving a zero emission of excess sludge produced from the activated sludge process using titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) as a flocculant aid with alkaline-thermal hydrolysis. Alkaline-thermal hydrolysis of excess sludge was obtained 73% and 40% reduction rate at pH 13 (60 8 °C) and pH 11 (60 8 °C), respectively. Flocculation was carried out using a Ti-salt flocculant and the collected sludge was dewatered and incinerated at 600 °C to produce TiO2 nanoparticles. The amount of total suspended solids and volatile suspended solids was significantly decreased with pH increase. The optimal dose of Ti-salt flocculation aid to improve dewatering ability of sludge breakage was 23.95 Ti-mg lâ1. Also, in the batch culture, the supernatant after flocculation and the organic matter released from the lysed sludge were found to be useful as a source of energy for the growth of microorganisms during the aerobic operations period. TiO2 produced from Ti-salt flocculation of excess sludge (TES) was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray and photocatalytic activity.

Nasser, A, Clément, A, Laurens, S & Castel, A 2010, 'Influence of steel–concrete interface condition on galvanic corrosion currents in carbonated concrete', Corrosion Science, vol. 52, no. 9, pp. 2878-2890.
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Netherton, MD & Stewart, MG 2010, 'Blast Load Variability and Accuracy of Blast Load Prediction Models', International Journal of Protective Structures, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 543-570.
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A statistical analysis of explosive blast loading field (test) data has revealed a high level of variability of peak reflected pressure, impulse and time of positive phase duration for repeatable tests where variability would be expected to be a minimum. The model error (accuracy) of a widely used predictive blast load model is also assessed. A probabilistic model of blast loading is then developed that considers variability and/or uncertainty of explosive mass, net equivalent quantity of an explosive in terms of TNT mass, stand-off distance, air temperature, air pressure, inherent variability and model error. Two widely used explosives are considered: Tritonal (military) and ANFO (terrorism). This type of statistical and probabilistic analysis is essential for structural reliability analysis of structures subject to explosive blast loading where load variability is an important contributor to damage and safety risks. It was found that the TM5–1300 design values for peak reflected pressure and time of positive phase duration adequately represent median values of the probability distribution of blast loads. The TM5–1300 design values for peak reflected impulse were 40% higher than median values with probabilities of exceedance of only 4% to 23%. This over-estimation of actual blast loads on a structure may lead to conservative design outcomes.

Nguyen Tran, Hoang Tuan & Ha Nguyen 2010, 'Superimposed training designs for spatially correlated MIMO-OFDM systems', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 876-880.
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Only one asymptotic training design for a special case of channel correlation was proposed in the literature for spatially correlated multiple-input multiple-output with orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems. To fill this gap, th

Nguyen, HB, Loomba, M, Yang, JJ, Jacobsen, G, Shah, K, Otero, RM, Suarez, A, Parekh, H, Jaehne, A & Rivers, EP 2010, 'Early lactate clearance is associated with biomarkers of inflammation, coagulation, apoptosis, organ dysfunction and mortality in severe sepsis and septic shock', Journal of Inflammation, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 6-6.
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Background. Lactate clearance, a surrogate for the magnitude and duration of global tissue hypoxia, is used diagnostically, therapeutically and prognostically. This study examined the association of early lactate clearance with selected inflammatory, coagulation, apoptosis response biomarkers and organ dysfunction scores in severe sepsis and septic shock. Methods. Measurements of serum arterial lactate, biomarkers (interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, high mobility group box-1, D-Dimer and caspase-3), and organ dysfunction scores (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Score, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) were obtained in conjunction with a prospective, randomized study examining early goal-directed therapy in severe sepsis and septic shock patients presenting to the emergency department (ED). Lactate clearance was defined as the percent change in lactate levels after six hours from a baseline measurement in the ED. Results. Two-hundred and twenty patients, age 65.0 17.1 years, were examined, with an overall lactate clearance of 35.5 43.1% and in-hospital mortality rate of 35.0%. Patients were divided into four quartiles of lactate clearance, -24.3 42.3, 30.1 7.5, 53.4 6.6, and 75.1 7.1%, respectively (p < 0.01). The mean levels of all biomarkers and organ dysfunction scores over 72 hours were significantly lower with higher lactate clearance quartiles (p < 0.01). There was a significant decreased in-hospital, 28-day, and 60-day mortality in the higher lactate clearance quartiles (p < 0.01). Conclusions. Early lactate clearance as a surrogate for the resolution of global tissue hypoxia is significantly associated with decreased levels of biomarkers, improvement in organ dysfunction and outcome in severe sepsis and septic shock. © 2010 Nguyen et al; licensee BioMed Centra...

Nguyen, TH, Truong, ATL, Ba Ngo, M, Bui, CTQ, Dinh, QV, Doan, TC, Nguyen, LTK, Phan, TC, Phan, MV, Nguyen, TV & Le, TV 2010, 'Intravenous Thrombolysis', International Journal of Stroke, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 516-516.
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Nguyen, TT, Guo, W, Ngo, HH & Vigneswaran, S 2010, 'A new combined inorganic-organic flocculant (CIOF) as a performance enhancer for aerated submerged membrane bioreactor', SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 204-209.
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In this study, a new combined inorganic-organic flocculant (CIOF) of FeCl3 and membrane performance enhancer (MPE50) was prepared and added to an aerated submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR). The effects of CIOF on the performance of an aerated submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) were evaluated. The results indicated that the SMBR with CIOF addition could remove almost 100% total phosphate while eliminating over 90% ammonia (NH 4-N) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) during an 80-day of operation. The respiration tests revealed that the specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) was stable around 1.5-2.0 mg O2/gMLVSS h. The sludge volume index (SVI) of less than 100 mL/g during the operation showed the importance of CIOF on the improvement of settling properties of the sludge. Soluble carbohydrate concentration was also well correlated with DOC of the supernatant. CIOF was successful in the reduction of fouling of membrane as the membrane was only chemically cleaned after 53 days of operation. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Nguyen, TT, Ngo, HH, Guo, W, Johnston, A & Listowski, A 2010, 'Effects of sponge size and type on the performance of an up-flow sponge bioreactor in primary treated sewage effluent treatment', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 101, no. 5, pp. 1416-1420.
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The effects of polyurethane sponge size and type on the performance of an up-flow sponge bioreactor were studied using different sponge cube sizes (1 × 1 × 1 cm, 2 × 2 × 2 cm and 3 × 3 × 3 cm) and types of sponge (S28-30/45R, S28-30/60R, S28-30/80R and S28-30/90R). The reactors were operated under anaerobic conditions in an early stage and an aerobic condition in a latter stage. The results indicate that there was no significant difference in the organic and nutrient removal rates between sponge types. The medium size sponge (2 × 2 × 2 cm) had the best performance in terms of both biomass growth and pollutants removal. Under anaerobic condition, the COD, TN and TP removal efficiencies were up to 70%, 45% and 55%, respectively, and significantly improved under aerobic conditions (e.g. >90% TOC, 95% COD, 65% TN and 90% TP). The external biomass grew faster under anaerobic conditions while internal biomass was dominant under aerobic condition. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd.

Nguyen, TV, Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, HH & Kandasamy, J 2010, 'Arsenic removal by iron oxide coated sponge: Experimental performance and mathematical models', JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, vol. 182, no. 1-3, pp. 723-729.
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Millions of people worldwide are at risk from the presence of arsenic in groundwater. In this study, adsorption equilibrium and long term experiments were carried out to evaluate the performance of iron oxide coated sponge (IOCSp) in arsenic removal. It was found that maximum adsorption capacity of IOCSp for As(III) and As(V) calculated by Sips isotherm was 4.2 and 4.6. mg/g of IOCSp, respectively. A filter packed with small amount of 25. g IOCSp maintained a consistent arsenic removal efficiency of 95% from synthetic solution containing arsenic concentration of as high as 1000. μg/L. This produced a throughput volume of 153 and 178. L of water containing As(III) and As(V), respectively before any need for regeneration or disposal of IOCSp. IOCSp could be regenerated by washing it with NaOH solution. The dynamic (column) adsorption kinetics were successfully predicted by the Thomas and Nikolaidis modified models. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.

Ni, B & Yu, H 2010, 'Modeling and simulation of the formation and utilization of microbial products in aerobic granular sludge', AIChE Journal, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 546-559.
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AbstractA mathematical model is established to simulate the formation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), soluble microbial products (SMP), and internal storage products (XSTO) in aerobic granular sludge. The sensitivity of these microbial products concentrations toward the key model parameters is analyzed. Independent experiments are conducted to find required parameter values and to test its predictive ability. The model is evaluated by using one‐cycle operating experimental results of a lab‐scale aerobic granule‐based sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and batch experimental results. Results show that the model is able to describe the microbial product dynamics in aerobic granules and provide further insights into a granule‐based SBR. The effect of the initial substrate and biomass concentrations on the formation of microbial products in aerobic granular sludge can therefore be analyzed by model simulation. A higher substrate concentration results in a greater concentration of EPS, SMP, and XSTO. An accumulation of biomass in the bioreactor leads to an increased production rate of EPS, SMP, and XSTO. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010

Ni, B, Rittmann, BE & Yu, H 2010, 'Modeling predation processes in activated sludge', Biotechnology and Bioengineering, vol. 105, no. 6, pp. 1021-1030.
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AbstractPredation by protozoa plays an important role in activated sludge. In this work, the kinetics for protozoan predation of active bacteria (XH), extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and intracellular storage products (XSTO) are added into a previously expanded unified model that describes the dynamics of EPS, XSTO, and soluble microbial products (SMP). The new biomass growth–decay–predation model describes the biomass fractions, soluble organic components, and oxygen‐uptake rates considering EPS, XSTO, and predators during dynamic operating conditions in activated sludge. Model calibration using batch experimental data provides the new parameter values for predation processes and insights into mechanisms involving predators. The calibrated value of the maximum specific growth rate for the predators is much slower than for the bacteria, confirming that predators are relatively slow growers. However, the predators and bacteria have similar decay rates and dissolved oxygen affinities. Model testing with results independent of the calibration data shows two things. First, the model and calibrated parameters accurately simulate the independent results when predators are present. Second, eliminating predation by high salinity significantly lowers the OUR, and this is captured by the model. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;105: 1021–1030. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Ni, B, Xie, W, Liu, S, Yu, H, Gan, Y, Zhou, J & Hao, E 2010, 'Development of a mechanistic model for biological nutrient removal activated sludge systems and application to a full‐scale WWTP', AIChE Journal, vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 1626-1638.
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AbstractIn wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) the production of nitrite as an intermediate in the biological nutrient removal (BNR) process has been widely observed, but not been taken into account by most of the conventional activated sludge models yet. This work aims to develop a mechanistic mathematical model to evaluate the BNR process after resolving such a problem. A mathematical model is developed based on the Activated Sludge Model No.3 (ASM3) and the EAWAG Bio‐P model with an incorporation of the two‐step nitrification–denitrification, the anoxic P uptake, and the associated two‐step denitrification by phosphorus accumulating organisms. The database used for simulations originates from a full‐scale BNR municipal wastewater treatment plant. The influent wastewater composition is characterized using batch tests. Model predictions are compared with the measured concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH‐N, NO‐N, NO‐N, PO‐P, and mixed liquid volatile suspended solids. Simulation results indicate that the calibrated model is capable of predicting the microbial growth, COD removal, nitrification and denitrification, as well as aerobic and anoxic P removal. Thus, this model can be used to evaluate and simulate full‐scale BNR activa...

Ni, B-J & Yu, H-Q 2010, 'Mathematical modeling of aerobic granular sludge: A review', Biotechnology Advances, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 895-909.
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Ni, B-J, Hu, B-L, Fang, F, Xie, W-M, Kartal, B, Liu, X-W, Sheng, G-P, Jetten, M, Zheng, P & Yu, H-Q 2010, 'Microbial and Physicochemical Characteristics of Compact Anaerobic Ammonium-Oxidizing Granules in an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor', Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 76, no. 8, pp. 2652-2656.
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ABSTRACT Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a promising new process to treat high-strength nitrogenous wastewater. Due to the low growth rate of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria, efficient biomass retention is essential for reactor operation. Therefore, we studied the settling ability and community composition of the anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing granules, which were cultivated in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor seeded with aerobic granules. With this seed, the start-up period was less than 160 days at a NH 4 + -N removal efficiency of 94% and a loading rate of 0.064 kg N per kg volatile suspended solids per day. The formed granules were bright red and had a high settling velocity (41 to 79 m h −1 ). Cells and extracellular polymeric substances were evenly distributed over the anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing granules. The high percentage of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in the granules could be visualized by fluorescent in situ hybridization and electron microscopy. The copy numbers of 16S rRNA genes of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in the granules were determined to be 4.6 × 10 8 copies ml −1 . The results of this study could be used for a better design, shorter start-up time, and more stable operation of anammox systems for the treatment of nitrogen-rich wastewaters.

Ni, B-J, Rittmann, BE & Yu, H-Q 2010, 'Evaluation on the impacts of predators on biomass components and oxygen uptake in sequencing batch reactor and continuous systems', Water Research, vol. 44, no. 15, pp. 4616-4622.
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Ni, B-J, Rittmann, BE, Fang, F, Xu, J & Yu, H-Q 2010, 'Long-term formation of microbial products in a sequencing batch reactor', Water Research, vol. 44, no. 13, pp. 3787-3796.
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Ni, B-J, Sheng, G-P, Li, X-Y & Yu, H-Q 2010, 'Quantitative Simulation of the Granulation Process of Activated Sludge for Wastewater Treatment', Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 2864-2873.
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Ni, B-J, Zeng, RJ, Fang, F, Xie, W-M, Sheng, G-P & Yu, H-Q 2010, 'Fractionating soluble microbial products in the activated sludge process', Water Research, vol. 44, no. 7, pp. 2292-2302.
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Nikodem, J, Klempous, R, Nikodem, M, Woda, M & Chaczko, Z 2010, 'Directed Cooperation in Multihop Wireless Sensors Network', International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 7-12.
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Directed Cooperation in Multihop Wireless Sensors NetworkThis paper proposes a relational abstraction for Wireless Sensors Network where node can identify its neighbors around it. Because of limited radio link range only some of nodes have a direct contact with the base station and transmission is carried out in a multihop way so information is send from one node to another towards the BS. We propose a relation π that represents cooperation between nodes and takes advantages of topological properties of the network. Based on the hop-distance from the BS any nodekcan determine a setN<(k) that consists of nodes to which/kshould send messages in order to retain a data-flow direction towards the BS.

Okour, Y, Shon, HK, El Saliby, IJ, Naidu, R, Kim, JB & Kim, J-H 2010, 'Preparation and characterisation of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and thiourea-doped titanate nanotubes prepared from wastewater flocculated sludge', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 101, no. 5, pp. 1453-1458.
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In this study, titanium (Ti), ferric (Fe) and aluminum (Al) salt flocculants were compared for their efficiency in treating wastewater collected from Sydney Olympic Park wastewater treatment plant by following the jar test procedure. Produced sludge from Ti-salt flocculation was dried and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were generated after the incineration of sludge produced from the Ti-salt flocculation of wastewater. Later on, titanate nanotubes were synthesized after TiO2 nanoparticles were hydrothermally treated with 10 N NaOH solution at 130 °C for 24 h. Titanate nanotubes were either acid or deionised water-washed, while thiourea-doping was employed to produce visible light-responsive nanotubes. Wastewater flocculation using Ti-salt was found to be as efficient as Fe and Al flocculation in terms of turbidity and DOC removal. XRD results showed that the anatase structure was predominant for TiO2 nanoparticles, while thiourea-doped titanate nanotubes only indicated anatase structure with an increased crystallinity after being crystallized at 600 °C. The photocatalytic activity of all photocatalysts was evaluated using the photooxidation of acetaldehyde. Thiourea-doped nanotubes showed a greater photocatalytic activity than as-prepared TiO2 nanoparticles, deionised water-washed, acid-washed titanate nanotubes and P25 under UV and visible light irradiation.

Oliveira, DAF & Indraratna, B 2010, 'Comparison between Models of Rock Discontinuity Strength and Deformation', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 136, no. 6, pp. 864-874.
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Paisitkriangkrai, S, Shen, C & Zhang, J 2010, 'Incremental Training of a Detector Using Online Sparse Eigen-decomposition', IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 213-226.
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The ability to efficiently and accurately detect objects plays a very crucialrole for many computer vision tasks. Recently, offline object detectors haveshown a tremendous success. However, one major drawback of offline techniquesis that a complete set of training data has to be collected beforehand. Inaddition, once learned, an offline detector can not make use of newly arrivingdata. To alleviate these drawbacks, online learning has been adopted with thefollowing objectives: (1) the technique should be computationally and storageefficient; (2) the updated classifier must maintain its high classificationaccuracy. In this paper, we propose an effective and efficient framework forlearning an adaptive online greedy sparse linear discriminant analysis (GSLDA)model. Unlike many existing online boosting detectors, which usually applyexponential or logistic loss, our online algorithm makes use of LDA's learningcriterion that not only aims to maximize the class-separation criterion butalso incorporates the asymmetrical property of training data distributions. Weprovide a better alternative for online boosting algorithms in the context oftraining a visual object detector. We demonstrate the robustness and efficiencyof our methods on handwriting digit and face data sets. Our results confirmthat object detection tasks benefit significantly when trained in an onlinemanner.

Pampanin, DM, Ravagnan, E, Apeland, S, Aarab, N, Godal, BF, Westerlund, S, Hjermann, DØ, Eftestøl, T, Budka, M, Gabrys, B, Viarengo, A & Barsiene, J 2010, 'The marine environment I.Q. concept', Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, vol. 157, pp. S52-S52.
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Pan, X, Hu, S, Li, S, Zheng, Z, Wang, Y, Zhang, Y, Yuan, X & Li, Y 2010, 'Predictors for late insufficiency of the neo-aortic valve after the switch procedure.', J Heart Valve Dis, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 731-735.
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BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: The study aim was to investigate the mid-term risk factors for neo-aortic regurgitation in patients with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) and Taussig-Bing malformation after the arterial switch operation (ASO). METHODS: Between February 2001 and December 2007, a total of 202 patients with TGA or Taussig-Bing malformation underwent the ASO at the authors' institution. Subsequently, 185 surviving patients (140 males, 45 females; mean age 14 +/- 28 months) were followed up in the out-patient department, using echocardiography. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for postoperative neo-aortic regurgitation. RESULTS: The mean period of follow up was 35 +/- 22 months (range: 3 to 88 months). Postoperative neo-aortic regurgitation was present in 19 patients; this was mild in 16 cases (9%) and moderate in three (2%). During the follow up, freedom from aortic regurgitation was 90%; the overall rates of freedom from aortic regurgitation at one, three, and five years were 95%, 89%, and 83%, respectively. The mid-term risk factors for neo-aortic regurgitation were ventricular septal defect (VSD) (p = 0.02), operative age >6 months (p = 0.01), and a postoperative neo-aortic valve Z-score >1 (p <0.01). CONCLUSION: The ASO showed an acceptable midterm function of the aortic valve. The risk factors for postoperative neo-aortic regurgitation included VSD, operative age >6 months, and a postoperative neo-aortic valve Z-score >1.

Park, KH, Shim, WG, Shon, HK, Lee, SG, Ngo, HH, Vigneswaran, S & Moon, H 2010, 'Adsorption Characteristics of Acetaldehyde on Activated Carbons Prepared from Corn-Based Biomass Precursor', SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 45, no. 8, pp. 1084-1091.
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The ACs (R-1/2 and R-1/4) having two different textual and chemical properties are prepared from corn-based biomass precursor and evaluated together with a wood-based activated carbon (WAC) at room temperature using a gas chromatograph. The results obtained from the correlation studies indicate that the pore size distribution (below 8A Ë ) and the relatively lower energetic heterogeneity of ACs on acetaldehyde adsorption are considerable factors rather than that of a specific surface area and surface chemistry. The adsorption equilibrium of ACs is well correlated with the Sips equation. The pseudo second-order equation was better in describing the ACsâ adsorption kinetic of acetaldehyde.

Parnell, J, Samuels, S & Tsitsos, C 2010, 'The acoustic performance of novel noise barrier profiles measured at the roadside', Acoustics Australia, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 123-128.
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As part of continuing investigation into noise barrier optimisation, a research and development study to conduct insitu empirical testing of several full size prototype barrier designs was funded by the NSW State Government. Of particular interest to this study was a design known as a random edge profile barrier. Literature research had found that there was a body of evidence indicating that a barrier with an edge irregularity can cause a substantial degradation of the diffracted signal. It is generally accepted that an increase in insertion loss occurs because the jagged edge causes a reduction in coherence of the diffracted signal being transmitted to the shadow zone as compared to a conventional straight edge barrier [1-3]. It has been suggested that the mechanism for this is that the jagged geometry on the top of a barrier alters the sound pressure level in the shadow zone by causing the region of the barrier nearest the receiver to admit multiple paths with variable phase [4]. The direct waves from the diffracting edges of the barrier and waves subsequently reflected from the ground plane are superimposed at the receiver causing constructive or destructive interference at the receiver. The present study followed a methodology that included construction of an 80m long by 2.4m high barrier that served as the base for an additional conventional top as well as a random profile and T-top novel cap. Empirical data collected showed that for the receiver locations investigated, a random edge barrier will out-perform a conventional barrier of the same nominal height for most frequencies associated with broadband tyre/road noise. A T-top barrier was found to perform better than a conventional barrier of similar height for most frequencies whilst a conventional barrier offered the most practical solution for attenuation of low frequency noise.

Parnell, J, Samuels, S & Tsitsos, C 2010, 'The performance of noise barriers in attenuating road traffic noise', Acoustics Bulletin, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 23-29.
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A research and development study was conducted by the New South Wales State Government for empirical testing of several full size prototype barrier designs. The study site was located on a section of the Hume Highway in New South Wales between Marulan and Goulburn. The barriers were constructed of a 28mm timber laminate exclusively for use as a noise barrier. This laminate was provided in sheets that were 2.4 x 1.2 meters and were fixed between galvanized H-beams. Three precision microphones were set up at various locations in front of and behind each barrier configuration. Designated A, B, and C these microphones captured traffic noise data simultaneously at various combinations of the measurement points (MPs). Synchronized video footage of the roadway was also collected to allow identification and characterization where necessary of the traffic noise sources. The random edge barrier with a nominal height of 3.0m was found to approximate the performance of a 3.0m conventional barrier at microphone locations (MP2 and MP4) close to the barrier.

Pasha, SA, Hoang Duong Tuan & Ba-Ngu Vo 2010, 'Nonlinear Bayesian Filtering Using the Unscented Linear Fractional Transformation Model', IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 477-489.
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For nonlinear state space model involving random variables with arbitrary probability distributions, the state estimation given a sequence of observations is based on an appropriate criterion such as the minimum mean square error (MMSE). This leads to linear approximation in the state space of the extended Kalman filter (EKF) and the unscented Kalman filter (UKF), which work reasonably well only for mildly nonlinear systems. We propose a Bayesian filtering technique based on the MMSE criterion in the framework of the virtual linear fractional transformation (LFT) model, which is characterized by a linear part and a simple nonlinear structure in the feedback loop. LFT is an exact representation for any differentiable nonlinear mapping, so the virtual LFT model is amenable to a wide range of nonlinear systems. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed filtering technique gives better approximation and tracking performance than standard methods like the UKF. Furthermore, for highly nonlinear systems where UKF diverges, the LFT model estimates the conditional mean with reasonable accuracy. Copyright © 2010 IEEE.

Patel, M, Lal, S, Kavanagh, D & Rossiter, P 2010, 'Fatigue detection using computer vision', International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 457-461.
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Long duration driving is a significant cause of fatigue related accidents of cars, airplanes, trains and other means of transport. This paper presents a design of a detection system which can be used to detect fatigue in drivers. The system is based on computer vision with main focus on eye blink rate. We propose an algorithm for eye detection that is conducted through a process of extracting the face image from the video image followed by evaluating the eye region and then eventually detecting the iris of the eye using the binary image. The advantage of this system is that the algorithm works without any constraint of the background as the face is detected using a skin segmentation technique. The detection performance of this system was tested using video images which were recorded under laboratory conditions. The applicability of the system is discussed in light of fatigue detection for drivers.

Pattinson, HM & Sood, SC 2010, 'Marketers expressing the future: Scenario planning for marketing action', Futures, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 417-426.
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Thomas Friedman exhorts us to imagine the future [1] - we urge marketers to invent the future, to learn the future faster, and to deliver the future earlier. Marketers are asked to develop scenarios about emerging technologies such as broadband wireless

Petzelt, D, Busch, F, Schallow, J & Deuse, J 2010, 'Entwicklung einer Referenzplanungssystematik der digitalen Produktentstehung', Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, vol. 105, no. 3, pp. 168-172.
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Kurzfassung Zur Reduzierung von Planungszeit und -kosten sowie zur Steigerung der Produktivität müssen alle Aufgaben der Produktentstehung optimal aufeinander abgestimmt sein. Die erforderliche enge Zusammenarbeit unterschiedlicher Fachdomänen wird jedoch auf Grund zahlreicher Schnittstellenprobleme vielfach nicht erreicht. Die Ursachen hierfür liegen sowohl in organisatorischen als auch in technischen Defiziten, die eine mit allen Partnern abgestimmte Planung verhindern. Gerade die Vernetzung von digitalen und nicht-digitalen Methoden ist bislang in den Unternehmen nur unzureichend realisiert. Um die Durchgängigkeit von Planungsprozessen und die Abstimmung von Planungsteilbereichen zu erhöhen, wird eine domänenübergreifende Referenzplanungssystematik entwickelt.

Pham, TT, Nguyen, HH & Tuan, HD 2010, 'Power Allocation in MMSE Relaying over Frequency-Selective Rayleigh Fading Channels', IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 58, no. 11, pp. 3330-3343.
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This paper develops an amplify-and-forward relaying scheme for multiuser wireless cooperative networks under frequency-selective block-fading. Single-carrier frequency division multiple-access with frequency-domain equalization technique is employed at b

Pham, TT, Nguyen, HH & Tuan, HD 2010, 'Power Allocation in Orthogonal Wireless Relay Networks With Partial Channel State Information', IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 869-878.
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Wireless amplify-and-forward relay networks in which the source communicates with the relays and destination in the first phase and the relays forward signals to the destination in the second phase over orthogonal and uncorrelated Rayleigh fading channel

Phat, VN, Ha, QP & Trinh, H 2010, 'Parameter-dependent H-infinity Control for Time-varying Delay Polytopic Systems', JOURNAL OF OPTIMIZATION THEORY AND APPLICATIONS, vol. 147, no. 1, pp. 58-70.
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This paper addresses the robust stabilization and H∞ control problem for a class of linear polytopic systems with continuously distributed delays. The control objective is to design a robust H∞ controller that satisfies some exponential stability constraints on the closed-loop poles. Using improved parameter-dependent Lyapunov Krasovskii functionals, new delay-dependent conditions for the robust H∞ control are established in terms of linear matrix inequalities. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

Phuntsho, S, Dulal, I, Yangden, D, Tenzin, UM, Herat, S, Shon, H & Vigneswaran, S 2010, 'Studying municipal solid waste generation and composition in the urban areas of Bhutan', WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 545-551.
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Bhutan lacks the solid waste data which are essential parameters for planning and scheduling of municipal solid waste management (MSWM) systems. The first ever large-scale research survey on solid waste generation and characterization in the urban areas of Bhutan was conducted between November 2007 and January 2008 using the method of waste sampling at source. The MSW generation rates in the urban centres were 0.53 kg capita-1 day - 1, which consists predominantly of organic waste materials of up to 58% indicating a great opportunity for composting. Domestic waste from the households contributed the maximum (47%) component of the total MSW generated from the urban centres followed by wastes from the commercial establishments. Attempt to study the correlation between household monthly income and the waste per capita generation rates did not yield any conclusive result. © The Author(s), 2010.

Pietroni, N, Cignoni, P, Otaduy, MA & Scopigno, R 2010, 'Solid-Texture Synthesis: A Survey.', IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 74-89.
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Pietroni, N, Tarini, M & Cignoni, P 2010, 'Almost Isometric Mesh Parameterization through Abstract Domains.', IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph., vol. 16, pp. 621-635.
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Pin, F, Veitch, D & Kauffmann, B 2010, 'Statistical estimation of delays in a multicast tree using accelerated EM', Queueing Systems, vol. 66, no. 4, pp. 369-412.
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Pradhan, B 2010, 'Application of an advanced fuzzy logic model for landslide susceptibility analysis', International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 370-370.
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The aim of this study is to evaluate the susceptibility of landslides at Klang valley area, Malaysia, using a Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing. Landslide locations were identified in the study area from interpretation of aerial photographs and from field surveys. Topographical and geological data and satellite images were collected, processed, and constructed into a spatial database using GIS and image processing. A data derived model (frequency ratio) and a knowledge-derived model (fuzzy operator) were combined for landslide susceptibility analysis. The nine factors that influence landslide occurrence were extracted from the database and the frequency ratio coefficient for each factor was computed. Using the factors and the identified landslide, the fuzzy membership values were calculated. Then fuzzy algebraic operators were applied to the fuzzy membership values for landslide susceptibility mapping. Finally, the produced map was verified by comparing with existing landslide locations for calculating prediction accuracy. Among the fuzzy operators, in the case in which the gamma operator (λ = 0.8) showed the best accuracy (91%) while the case in which the fuzzy algebraic product was applied showed the worst accuracy (79%).

Pradhan, B 2010, 'Application of an advanced fuzzy logic model for landslide susceptibility analysis', International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 370-381.
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Pradhan, B 2010, 'Landslide susceptibility mapping of a catchment area using frequency ratio, fuzzy logic and multivariate logistic regression approaches', Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 301-320.
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Pradhan, B 2010, 'Remote sensing and GIS-based landslide hazard analysis and cross-validation using multivariate logistic regression model on three test areas in Malaysia', Advances in Space Research, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 1244-1256.
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PRADHAN, B & BUCHROITHNER, MF 2010, 'Comparison and Validation of Landslide Susceptibility Maps Using an Artificial Neural Network Model for Three Test Areas in Malaysia', Environmental and Engineering Geoscience, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 107-126.
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Pradhan, B & Lee, S 2010, 'Delineation of landslide hazard areas on Penang Island, Malaysia, by using frequency ratio, logistic regression, and artificial neural network models', Environmental Earth Sciences, vol. 60, no. 5, pp. 1037-1054.
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Pradhan, B & Lee, S 2010, 'Landslide susceptibility assessment and factor effect analysis: backpropagation artificial neural networks and their comparison with frequency ratio and bivariate logistic regression modelling', Environmental Modelling & Software, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 747-759.
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Pradhan, B & Lee, S 2010, 'Regional landslide susceptibility analysis using back-propagation neural network model at Cameron Highland, Malaysia', Landslides, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 13-30.
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Pradhan, B & Pirasteh, S 2010, 'Introduction of guest editors january 2010 issue', Disaster Advances, vol. 3, no. 1.

Pradhan, B & Youssef, AM 2010, 'Manifestation of remote sensing data and GIS on landslide hazard analysis using spatial-based statistical models', Arabian Journal of Geosciences, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 319-326.
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Pradhan, B, Lee, S & Buchroithner, MF 2010, 'A GIS-based back-propagation neural network model and its cross-application and validation for landslide susceptibility analyses', Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 216-235.
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Pradhan, B, Lee, S & Buchroithner, MF 2010, 'Remote Sensing and GIS-based Landslide Susceptibility Analysis and its Cross-validation in Three Test Areas Using a Frequency Ratio Model', Photogrammetrie - Fernerkundung - Geoinformation, vol. 2010, no. 1, pp. 17-32.
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Pradhan, B, Oh, H-J & Buchroithner, M 2010, 'Weights-of-evidence model applied to landslide susceptibility mapping in a tropical hilly area', Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 199-223.
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Pradhan, B, Sezer, EA, Gokceoglu, C & Buchroithner, MF 2010, 'Landslide Susceptibility Mapping by Neuro-Fuzzy Approach in a Landslide-Prone Area (Cameron Highlands, Malaysia)', IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol. 48, no. 12, pp. 4164-4177.
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Pradhan, B, Youssef, A & Varathrajoo, R 2010, 'Approaches for delineating landslide hazard areas using different training sites in an advanced artificial neural network model', Geo-spatial Information Science, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 93-102.
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Qin, P-Y, Guo, YJ & Liang, C-H 2010, 'Effect of Antenna Polarization Diversity on MIMO System Capacity', IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS, vol. 9, pp. 1092-1095.
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Qin, P-Y, Weily, AR, Guo, YJ & Liang, C-H 2010, 'Polarization Reconfigurable U-Slot Patch Antenna', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, vol. 58, no. 10, pp. 3383-3388.
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Qin, P-Y, Weily, AR, Guo, YJ, Bird, TS & Liang, C-H 2010, 'Frequency Reconfigurable Quasi-Yagi Folded Dipole Antenna', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, vol. 58, no. 8, pp. 2742-2747.
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Rabbachin, A, Quek, TQS, Pinto, PC, Oppermann, I & Win, MZ 2010, 'Non-Coherent UWB Communication in the Presence of Multiple Narrowband Interferers', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 9, no. 11, pp. 3365-3379.
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Raja, S, Thomas, PS & Stuart, BH 2010, 'A study of storage conditions and treatments for forensic bone specimens using thermogravimetric analysis', JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY, vol. 99, no. 3, pp. 869-872.
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Bone provides an important source of forensic evidence. The storage conditions of bone have been recognised as a factor in maintaining the integrity of such evidence. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) has been employed to examine the effects of storage environments and preparation methods on the structural properties of pig bones. A comparison of oven and freeze drying has been made to study the effect of storage conditions. A comparison has also been made of ground bone specimens with cut specimens. Freeze-dried hand ground specimens provided the most consistent results and, thus, this is the recommended method of preparation of bone specimens for TG analysis.

Raveendran, A, Gupta, S, Bagga, R, Saha, SC, Gainder, S, Dhaliwal, LK, Patel, F, Dey, P & Nijhawan, R 2010, 'Advanced germ cell malignancies of the ovary: Should neo-adjuvant chemotherapy be the first line of treatment?', Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 53-55.
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Remenyi, J, Hunter, CJ, Cole, C, Ando, H, Impey, S, Monk, CE, Martin, KJ, Barton, GJ, Hutvagner, G & Arthur, JSC 2010, 'Regulation of the miR-212/132 locus by MSK1 and CREB in response to neurotrophins', BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL, vol. 428, no. 2, pp. 281-291.
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Neurotrophins are growth factors that are important in neuronal development and survival as well as synapse formation and plasticity. Many of the effects of neurotrophins are mediated by changes in protein expression as a result of altered transcription or translation. To determine whether neurotrophins regulate the production of microRNAs (miRNAs), small RNA species that modulate protein translation or mRNA stability, we used deep sequencing to identify BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor)-induced miRNAs in cultured primary cortical mouse neurons. This revealed that the miR-212/132 cluster contained the miRNAs most responsive to BDNF treatment. This cluster was found to produce four miRNAs: miR-132, miR-132*, miR-212 and miR-212*. Using specific inhibitors, mouse models and promoter analysis we have shown that the regulation of the transcription of the miR-212/132 miRNA cluster and the miRNAs derived from it are regulated by the ERK1/2 (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2) pathway, via bothMSK (mitogen and stress-activated kinase)-dependent and -independent mechanisms. © The Authors.

Ren, X, Shon, HK, Jang, N, Lee, YG, Bae, M, Lee, J, Cho, K & Kim, IS 2010, 'Novel membrane bioreactor (MBR) coupled with a nonwoven fabric filter for household wastewater treatment', WATER RESEARCH, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 751-760.
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Conventional and modified membrane bioreactors (MBRs) are increasingly used in small-scale wastewater treatment. However, their widespread applications are hindered by their relatively high cost and operational complexity. In this study, we investigate a new concept of wastewater treatment using a nonwoven fabric filter bag (NFFB) as the membrane bioreactor. Activated sludge is charged in the nonwoven fabric filter bag and membrane filtration via the fabric is achieved under gravity flow without a suction pump. This study found that the biofilm layer formed inside the NFFB achieved 10 mg/L of suspended solids in the permeate within 20 min of initial operation. The dynamic biofilter layer showed good filterability and the specific membrane resistance consisted of 0.3â1.9 Ã 1012 m/kg. Due to the low F/M ratio (0.04â0.10 kg BOD5/m3/d) and the resultant low sludge yield, the reactor was operated without forming excess sludge. Although the reactor provided aerobic conditions, denitrification occurred in the biofilm layer to recover the alkalinity, thereby eliminating the need to supplement the alkalinity. This study indicates that the NFFB system provides a high potential of effective wastewater treatment with simple operation at reduced cost, and hence offer an attractive solution for widespread use in rural and sparsely populated areas.

Ridoux, J & Veitch, D 2010, 'Principles of robust timing over the internet', Queue, vol. 8, pp. 30-30.

Ridoux, J & Veitch, D 2010, 'Principles of robust timing over the internet', Communications of the ACM, vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 54-61.
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The key to synchronizing clocks over networks is taming delay variability.

Ridoux, J & Veitch, D 2010, 'Principles of Robust Timing over the Internet', Queue, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 30-43.
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Everyone, and most everything, needs a clock, and computers are no exception. Clocks tend to drift off if left to themselves, however, so it is necessary to bring them to heel periodically through synchronizing to some other reference clock of higher accuracy. An inexpensive and convenient way to do this is over a computer network.

Rivaie, AA & Loganathan, P 2010, 'Phosphorus fertiliser source and weed control effects on growth of three-year-old second-rotation Pinus radiata on Orthic Pumice soil in New Zealand', SOUTHERN FORESTS, vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 75-81.
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Little information is available on the interactive effects of soluble and less-soluble phosphorus (P) fertilisers and weed control on growth and P nutrition of second-rotation Pinus radiata plantations. A study was initiated on three-year-old secondrotation P. radiata and to determine the relationship between needle P concentrations and soil P forms in an Orthic Pumice soil two years after application. Four rates of P (0, 50, 100, and 200 kg P ha-1) were applied as two forms of P fertilizer sources (triple superphosphate [TSP] and Ben-Guerir phosphate rock [BGPR]) in combination with weed control (weedy and weed-free). The results showed that the applied TSP and BGPR can increase tree needle P concentrations even when the needle P concentrations before fertiliser application were marginally higher than the critical P concentrations. The application of P fertilisers had no effect on tree growth during the two-year period of the trial, though it increased P. radiata needle P concentrations. However, the weed removal increased tree height, diameter at breast height, and basal area. In this plantation site the higher needle P concentrations than the critical P concentration suggests that the growth increase dueto weed removal treatment was probably due to an increase in the availability of soil water and nutrients other than P. The needle P concentrations of P. radiata can be predicted by soil tests, Bray-2 P, Olsen P, resin-Pi, and NaOH-Pi tests. Of these soil tests, Bray-2 P seems to be the best test in predicting soil P availability to P. radiata. The P concentrations in the needles had a relationship with the NaOH-Pi fraction but had no relationship with the H2SO4-Pi fraction. These results suggest that P. radiata was probably taking up P mainly from the pool of P-adsorbed to allophane and Fe+Al oxides (NaOH-Pi) in this high P-fixing acidic soil. © NISC (Pty) Ltd.

Rizzi, R, Mahata, P, Mathieson, L & Moscato, P 2010, 'Hierarchical Clustering Using the Arithmetic-Harmonic Cut: Complexity and Experiments', PLoS ONE, vol. 5, no. 12, pp. e14067-e14067.
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Clustering, particularly hierarchical clustering, is an important method for understanding and analysing data across a wide variety of knowledge domains with notable utility in systems where the data can be classified in an evolutionary context. This paper introduces a new hierarchical clustering problem defined by a novel objective function we call the arithmeticharmonic cut. We show that the problem of finding such a cut is NP-hard and APX-hard but is fixed-parameter tractable, which indicates that although the problem is unlikely to have a polynomial time algorithm (even for approximation), exact parameterized and local search based techniques may produce workable algorithms. To this end, we implement a memetic algorithm for the problem and demonstrate the effectiveness of the arithmetic-harmonic cut on a number of datasets including a cancer type dataset and a corona virus dataset. We show favorable performance compared to currently used hierarchical clustering techniques such as k-MEANS, Graclus and NORMALIZED-CUT. The arithmetic-harmonic cut metric overcoming difficulties other hierarchal methods have in representing both intercluster differences and intracluster similarities. © 2010 Rizzi et al.

Rosberg, Z, Liu, RP, Dinh, TL, Dong, Y & Jha, S 2010, 'Statistical reliability for energy efficient data transport in wireless sensor networks.', Wirel. Networks, vol. 16, no. 7, pp. 1913-1927.
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Ruan, D, Lu, J, Laes, E, Zhang, G, Ma, J & Meskens, G 2010, 'Multi-criteria Group Decision Support with Linguistic Variables in Long-term Scenarios for Belgian Energy Policy', JOURNAL OF UNIVERSAL COMPUTER SCIENCE, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 103-120.
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Real world decisions often made in the presence of multiple, conflicting, and incommensurate criteria. Decision making requires multiple perspectives of different individuals as more decisions are made now in groups than ever before. This is particularly true when the decision environment becomes more complex such as sustainability policies study in environmental and energy sectors. Group decision making processes judgments or solutions for decision problems based on the input and feedback of multiple individuals. Multi-criteria decision and evaluation problems at tactical and strategic levels in practice involve fuzziness in terms of linguistic variables vis-à-vis criteria, weights, and decision maker judgments. Relevant alternatives or scenarios are evaluated according to a number of desired criteria. A fuzzy multi-criteria group decision software tool is developed to analyze long-term scenarios for Belgian energy policy in this paper. © J.UCS.

Rujikiatkamjorn, C & Indraratna, B 2010, 'Radial consolidation modelling incorporating the effect of a smear zone for a multilayer soil with downdrag caused by mandrel action', Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol. 47, no. 9, pp. 1024-1035.
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A system of prefabricated vertical drains with surcharge preloading is an effective method for promoting radial drainage and accelerated soil consolidation. A piecewise technique is employed to analyse the radial consolidation in a multilayer soil system to include (i) the effect of soil downdrag and (ii) a smear zone having linearly varying soil permeability. The effect of soil dragged down from the upper soil layer into the lower layer has been analysed in terms of the time required for consolidation. It can be seen that the consolidation of the multilayer soil depends on smear zone characteristics, the permeability ratio between upper and lower soil layers, penetration depth, and drain spacing. Design procedures are described with the help of an example.

Saco, PM, Carpi, LC, Figliola, A, Serrano, E & Rosso, OA 2010, 'Entropy analysis of the dynamics of El Niño/Southern Oscillation during the Holocene', Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, vol. 389, no. 21, pp. 5022-5027.
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Sadat Hosseini, SS & Gandomi, AH 2010, 'WITHDRAWN: Discussion of “Combined heat and power economic dispatch by harmony search algorithm” by A. Vasebi et al., International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems 29 (2007) 713–719', International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems.
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Safari, H, Tavili, A & Saberi, M 2010, 'Allelopathic effects of Thymus kotschyanus on seed germination and initial growth of Bromus tomentellus and Trifolium repens', Frontiers of Agriculture in China, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 475-480.
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Safari, HO, Pirasteh, S, Pradhan, B & Gharibvand, LK 2010, 'Use of Remote Sensing Data and GIS Tools for Seismic Hazard Assessment for Shallow Oilfields and its Impact on the Settlements at Masjed-i-Soleiman Area, Zagros Mountains, Iran', Remote Sensing, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 1364-1377.
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Saha, SC, Patterson, JC & Lei, C 2010, 'Natural convection and heat transfer in attics subject to periodic thermal forcing', International Journal of Thermal Sciences, vol. 49, no. 10, pp. 1899-1910.
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Saha, SC, Patterson, JC & Lei, C 2010, 'Natural convection boundary-layer adjacent to an inclined flat plate subject to sudden and ramp heating', International Journal of Thermal Sciences, vol. 49, no. 9, pp. 1600-1612.
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Saha, SC, Patterson, JC & Lei, C 2010, 'Natural convection in attics subject to instantaneous and ramp cooling boundary conditions', Energy and Buildings, vol. 42, no. 8, pp. 1192-1204.
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Saha, SC, Patterson, JC & Lei, C 2010, 'Natural convection in attic-shaped spaces subject to sudden and ramp heating boundary conditions', Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 621-638.
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Saha, SC, Patterson, JC & Lei, C 2010, 'Scaling of natural convection of an inclined flat plate: Ramp cooling condition', International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 53, no. 23-24, pp. 5156-5166.
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Saidur, R & Mahlia, TMI 2010, 'Energy, economic and environmental benefits of using high-efficiency motors to replace standard motors for the Malaysian industries', Energy Policy, vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 4617-4625.
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Samali, B, Li, J, Choi, FC & Crews, K 2010, 'Application of the damage index method for plate-like structures to timber bridges', Structural Control and Health Monitoring, vol. 17, no. 8, pp. 849-871.
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The paper presents a research recently completed by the authors utilizing a method of damage evaluation for identifying damage in timber bridges, numerically and experimentally. The method utilizes changes in modal strain energy between the undamaged and damaged states of plate-like structures. A finite element model of a laboratory timber bridge was developed to investigate the capabilities and limitations of the method to detect damage. A simple four-girder bridge was fabricated and tested in a laboratory to verify the method. The numerical studies showed that the method can correctly identify single and multiple damage locations within the bridge. The experimental studies also showed promising results for detecting severe damage, but less effective for light and medium damage.

Sanati, F & Lu, J 2010, 'Life-event modelling framework for e-government integration', Electronic Government, an International Journal, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 183-183.
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Ability to offer a citizen-centric view of government model is the key to a successful e-government service. Life-event model is the most widely adopted paradigm supporting the idea of composing a single complex e-government service that corresponds to an event in a citizen's life. Elementary building blocks of Life-event are based on atomic services offered from multiple government agencies. This study found that methodological mechanics of service integration and in particular the requirements engineering for composite services has been overlooked. Purpose of this study is to define obstacles of achieving e-government service delivery integration, and suggests a framework based on ontological analysis and modelling. Proposed framework that shall be called E-Service Integration Modelling (E-SIM) is based on the extensive use of Life-event concept. This paper proposes a top-down abstraction approach in requirements elicitation and modelling to define and implement the phenomenon of Life-event in context of e-government.

Sandhu, SK, Nguyen, ND, Center, JR, Pocock, NA, Eisman, JA & Nguyen, TV 2010, 'Prognosis of fracture: evaluation of predictive accuracy of the FRAX™ algorithm and Garvan nomogram', Osteoporosis International, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 863-871.
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We evaluated the prognostic accuracy of fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX™) and Garvan algorithms in an independent Australian cohort. The results suggest comparable performance in women but relatively poor fracture risk discrimination in men by FRAX™. These data emphasize the importance of external validation before widespread clinical implementation of prognostic tools in different cohorts. Introduction: Absolute risk assessment is now recognized as a preferred approach to guide treatment decision. The present study sought to evaluate accuracy of the FRAX™ and Garvan algorithms for predicting absolute risk of osteoporotic fracture (hip, spine, humerus, or wrist), defined as major in FRAX™, in a clinical setting in Australia. Methods: A retrospective validation study was conducted in 144 women (69 fractures and 75 controls) and 56 men (31 fractures and 25 controls) aged between 60 and 90 years. Relevant clinical data prior to fracture event were ascertained. Based on these variables, predicted 10-year probabilities of major fracture were calculated from the Garvan and FRAX™ algorithms, using US (FRAX-US) and UK databases (FRAX-UK). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) was computed for each model. Results: In women, the average 10-year probability of major fracture was consistently higher in the fracture than in the nonfracture group: Garvan (0.33 vs. 0.15), FRAX-US (0.30 vs. 0.19), and FRAX-UK (0.17 vs. 0.10). In men, although the Garvan model yielded higher average probability of major fracture in the fracture group (0.32 vs. 0.14), the FRAX™ algorithm did not: FRAX-US (0.17 vs. 0.19) and FRAX-UK (0.09 vs. 0.12). In women, AUC for the Garvan, FRAX-US, and FRAX-UK algorithms were 0.84, 0.77, and 0.78, respectively, vs. 0.76, 0.54, and 0.57, respectively, in men. Conclusion: In this analysis, although both approaches were reasonably accurate in women, FRAX™ discriminated fracture risk poorly in men. These data support the conc...

Sarmah, CK, Samarasinghe, S, Kulasiri, D & Catchpoole, D 2010, 'A simple Affymetrix ratio-transformation method yields comparable expression level quantifications with cDNA data', World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, vol. 61, pp. 78-83.
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Gene expression profiling is rapidly evolving into a powerful technique for investigating tumor malignancies. The researchers are overwhelmed with the microarray-based platforms and methods that confer them the freedom to conduct large-scale gene expression profiling measurements. Simultaneously, investigations into cross-platform integration methods have started gaining momentum due to their underlying potential to help comprehend a myriad of broad biological issues in tumor diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. However, comparing results from different platforms remains to be a challenging task as various inherent technical differences exist between the microarray platforms. In this paper, we explain a simple ratio-transformation method, which can provide some common ground for cDNA and Affymetrix platform towards cross-platform integration. The method is based on the characteristic data attributes of Affymetrix- and cDNA- platform. In the work, we considered seven childhood leukemia patients and their gene expression levels in either platform. With a dataset of 822 differentially expressed genes from both these platforms, we carried out a specific ratio-treatment to Affymetrix data, which subsequently showed an improvement in the relationship with the cDNA data.

Seely, AJE, Macklem, PT, Suki, B, Goldberger, A, Godin, P, Batchinsky, AI, Longtin, A, Jones, G, Seiver, A, McGregor, C, Norris, P, Maksym, G, Lake, D, Costa, MD, Marshall, JC, Morris, JA, Moorman, JR, Arnold, RC, Perez-Velazquez, JL & Nenadovic, V 2010, 'The Wakefield roundtable discussion on complexity and variability at the bedside', Journal of Critical Care, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 536-537.
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Senthilnanthan, M, Ho, DP, Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, HH & Shon, HK 2010, 'Visible light responsive ruthenium-doped titanium dioxide for the removal of metsulfuron-methyl herbcide in aqueous phase', SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY, vol. 75, no. 3, pp. 415-419.
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Titanium dioxide (TiO2) under UV light irradiation is one of the effective treatment methods to reduce the concentration of synthetic organic compounds in water. Nevertheless, only a small amount of UV light is absorbed in the solar light. This makes the less use of TiO2 for environmental applications. In this study, we prepared Ru-doped visible light responsive (VLR) TiO2 to improve visible light absorption and characterized it in terms of physical and chemical properties. The photocatalytic activity of VLR Rudoped TiO2 was investigated to remove metsulfuron-methyl (MSM) in aqueous phase. The Ru-doped TiO2 at different Ru concentrations was found to have the anatase phase. The undoped and Ru-doped TiO2 consisted of regular round shape. The photocatalytic activity of VLR photocatalyst was significantly improved on the addition of Ru from 40% for undoped TiO2 to 80% for Ru-doped TiO2. The removal efficiency of MSM was proportional to the increasing Ru-doped TiO2 under visible light. As the calcined temperature increased from 300 to 900 â¦C, the degradation efficiencies moderately changed from 65 to 90%. However, the effect of calcination duration was marginal on the photodegradation of MSM.

Shang, F, Xiong, A, Abolhasan, M & Wysocki, T 2010, 'An unequal clustering protocol for wireless sensor networks', Journal of Computational Information Systems, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 477-486.
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In this paper, a Single-Hop Unequal Clustering (SHUC) algorithm is proposed for wireless sensor networks. The SHUC algorithm consists of three different parts. Firstly, an average energy factor is introduced to balance the residual energy of the whole network during the tentative cluster-head selection process, which improves the network energy efficiency. Secondly, a cost function is proposed to balance energy-efficiency of each node. Finally, an unequal clustering algorithm is proposed for single-hop homogeneous networks. Through both theoretical analysis and numerical results, it is shown that SHUC prolongs the network lifetime significantly against other clustering protocols such as LEACH-C and EECS. Under general instance, SHUC may prolong the lifetime by up to 30% against EECS and 70% against LEACH-C. © 2010 Binary Information Press.

Shannon, A, Orozova, D, Sotirova, E, Hristova, M, Atanassov, K, Krawczak, M, Melo-Pinto, P, Nikolov, R, Sotirov, S & Kim, T 2010, 'Towards a Model of the Digital University: A Generalized Net Model for Producing Course Timetables and for Evaluating the Quality of Subjects', Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol. 299, pp. 373-381.
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In a series of research papers, the authors study some of the most important processes of functioning of universities and construct their Generalized Net (GN) models. The main focus in this paper is to analyse the process of the production of course timetables in a digital university and to evaluate their quality. The opportunity of using GNs as a tool for modeling such processes is also analyzed. © 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Shao, Z, Zhan, Y, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 2010, 'Grey Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control with Grey Estimator for Brushless Doubly Fed Motor', Journal of Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetics, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 107-114.
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In this paper, a grey fuzzy sliding mode controller (GFSMC) for brushless doubly fed motor (BDFM) adjustable speed system is presented. A grey model estimator and adaptive fuzzy control technology are incorporated into the sliding mode control (SMC) to adaptively regulate the adaptive law of SMC. The proposed adaptive fuzzy equivalent controller, adaptive fuzzy switching controller, and grey model compensation controller for BDFM can eliminate the average chattering encountered by most SMC schemes, improve the robustness, and obtain excellent static and dynamic performances of SMC. Simulation results show that the proposed control strategy is feasible, correct and effective.

Shapiro, NI, Trzeciak, S, Hollander, JE, Birkhahn, R, Otero, R, Osborn, TM, Moretti, E, Nguyen, HB, Gunnerson, K, Milzman, D, Gaieski, DF, Goyal, M, Cairns, CB, Kupfer, K, Lee, S-W & Rivers, EP 2010, 'The Diagnostic Accuracy of Plasma Neutrophil Gelatinase–Associated Lipocalin in the Prediction of Acute Kidney Injury in Emergency Department Patients With Suspected Sepsis', Annals of Emergency Medicine, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 52-59.e1.
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Study objective: We assess the diagnostic accuracy of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) to predict acute kidney injury in emergency department (ED) patients with suspected sepsis. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of a prospective observational study of a convenience sample of patients from 10 academic medical center EDs. Inclusion criteria were adult patients aged 18 years or older, with suspected infection or a serum lactate level greater than 2.5 mmol/L; 2 or more systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria; and a subsequent serum creatinine level obtained within 12 to 72 hours of enrollment. Exclusion criteria were pregnancy, do-not-resuscitate status, cardiac arrest, or dialysis dependency. NGAL was measured in plasma collected at ED presentation. Acute kidney injury was defined as an increase in serum creatinine measurement of greater than 0.5 mg/dL during 72 hours. Results: There were 661 patient enrolled, with 24 cases (3.6%) of acute kidney injury that developed within 72 hours after ED presentation. Median plasma NGAL levels were 134 ng/mL (interquartile range 57 to 277 ng/mL) in patients without acute kidney injury and 456 ng/mL (interquartile range 296 to 727 ng/mL) in patients with acute kidney injury. Plasma NGAL concentrations of greater than 150 ng/mL were 96% sensitive (95% confidence interval [CI] 79% to 100%) and 51% (95% CI 47% to 55%) specific for acute kidney injury. In comparison, to achieve equivalent sensitivity with initial serum creatinine level at ED presentation required a cutoff of 0.7 mg/dL and resulted in specificity of 17% (95% CI 14% to 20%). Conclusion: In this preliminary investigation, increased plasma NGAL concentrations measured on presentation to the ED in patients with suspected sepsis were associated with the development of acute kidney injury. Our findings support NGAL as a promising new biomarker for acute kidney injury; however, further research is warranted. © 2009 American College...

Sheridan, L, Le, TP & Scarani, V 2010, 'Finite-key security against coherent attacks in quantum key distribution', New J. Phys., vol. 12, p. 123019.
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The work by Christandl, K\'onig and Renner [Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 020504(2009)] provides in particular the possibility of studying unconditionalsecurity in the finite-key regime for all discrete-variable protocols. We spellout this bound from their general formalism. Then we apply it to the study of arecently proposed protocol [Laing et al., Phys. Rev. A 82, 012304 (2010)]. Thisprotocol is meaningful when the alignment of Alice's and Bob's reference framesis not monitored and may vary with time. In this scenario, the notion ofasymptotic key rate has hardly any operational meaning, because if one waitstoo long time, the average correlations are smeared out and no security can beinferred. Therefore, finite-key analysis is necessary to find the maximalachievable secret key rate and the corresponding optimal number of signals.

Shih, Y-C, Hsieh, M-H & Wei, H-Y 2010, 'Multicasting Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Quantum States in Quantum Networks', Nano Communication Networks, 2010, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 273-282.
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In this paper, we target the practical implementation issues of quantum multicast networks. First, we design a recursive lossless compression that allows us to control the trade-off between the circuit complexity and the dimension of the compressed quantum state. We give a formula that describes the trade-off, and further analyze how the formula is affected by the controlling parameter of the recursive procedure. Our recursive lossless compression can be applied in a quantum multicast network where the source outputs homogeneous quantum states (many copies of a quantum state) to a set of destinations through a bottleneck. Such a recursive lossless compression is extremely useful in the current situation where the technology of producing large-scale quantum circuits is limited. Second, we develop two lossless compression schemes that work for heterogeneous quantum states (many copies of a set of quantum states) when the set of quantum states satisfies a certain structure. The heterogeneous compression schemes provide extra compressing power over the homogeneous compression scheme. Finally, we realize our heterogeneous compression schemes in several quantum multicast networks, including the single-source multi-terminal model, the multi-source multi-terminal model, and the ring networks. We then analyze the bandwidth requirements for these network models.

Shon, HK, Phuntsho, S, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J, Nghiem, LD, Kim, GJ, Kim, JB & Kim, J-H 2010, 'Preparation of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles from Electrocoagulated Sludge using Sacrificial Titanium Electrodes', ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, vol. 44, no. 14, pp. 5553-5557.
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A comprehensive investigation of electrocoagulation using sacrificial titanium (Ti) electrodes in wastewater was carried out. The effects of specific process variables, such as initial pH, mixing, current density, initial organic loading, and ionic/electrolyte strength were first optimized to produce recyclable Ti-based sludge. The sludge was incinerated at 600 °C to produce functional TiO2 photocatalyst. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that TiO2 produced at optimum electrocoagulation conditions was mostly anatase structure. The specific surface area of the synthesized TiO 2 photocatalyst was higher than that of the commercially available and widely used Degussa P-25 TiO2. Furthermore, energy dispersive X-ray and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses showed that in additional to titanium and oxygen, this photocatalyst is also composed of carbon and phosphorus. These elements were mainly doped as a substitute site for the oxygen atom. Transmission electron microscopy images exhibited sharply edged nanorods, round nanoparticles, and nanotubes with nonuniform shapes showing some structural defects. Photodecomposition of gaseous acetaldehyde by this photocatalyst was also conducted under UV and visible light irradiation to study the photocatalytic properties of the doped TiO2 photocatalyst. While no photocatalytic activity was observed under visible light irradiation, this doped TiO2 photocatalyst exhibited high photocatalytic activity under UV light. © 2010 American Chemical Society.

Shon, HK, Puntsho, S, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J, Kim, JB, Park, HJ & Kim, IS 2010, 'PVDF-TiO2 coated microfiltration membranes: preparation and characterization', MEMBRANE WATER TREATMENT, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 193-206.
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© 2017 Techno-Press, Ltd. Organic fouling and biofouling pose a significant challenge to the membrane filtration process. Photocatalysis-membrane hybrid system is a novel idea for reducing these membranes fouling however, when TiO 2 photocatalyst nanoparticles are used in suspension, catalyst recovery is not only imposes an extra step on the process but also significantly contributes to increased membrane resistance and reduced permeate flux. In this study, TiO 2 photocatalyst has been immobilized by coating on the microfiltration (MF) membrane surface to minimize organic and microbial fouling. Nano-sized TiO 2 was first synthesized by a sol-gel method. The synthesized TiO 2 was coated on a Poly Vinyl Difluoride (PVDF) membrane (MF) surface using spray coating and dip coating techniques to obtain hybrid functional composite membrane. The characteristics of the synthesized photocatalyst and a functional composite membrane were studied using numerous instruments in terms of physical, chemical and electrical properties. In comparison to the clean PVDF membrane, the TiO 2 coated MF membrane was found more effective in removing methylene blue (20%) and E-coli (99%).

Shon, HK, Vigneswaran, S, El Saliby, I, Okour, Y, Kim, IS, Cho, J, Park, HJ, Kim, JB & Kim, J-H 2010, 'Hydrogen production affected by Pt concentration on TiO₂produced from the incineration of dye wastewater flocculated sludge using titanium tetrachloride', Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 15, no. 1-3, pp. 214-221.
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TiO2 from the incineration of dye wastewater flocculated sludge using TiCl4 coagulant was produced. Optimal catalyst amount and Pt-loading on TiO2 were studied for the production of H2 by photocatalytic reforming of methanol (6% vol.). On the other hand, BTSE (biologically treated sewage effluent) was flocculated using TiCl4 and produced sludge was incinerated to generate TiO2. TiO2 was loaded with optimum Pt and added to the supernatant in a photocatalytic reactor to test the efficiency of using remaining organics as a âsacrificial reagent❠for photocatalytic hydrogen production. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and molecular weight distribution (MWD) were measured for nanofiltration (NF) and TiCl4 flocculation followed by photocatalysis. TiO2 (from the incineration of BTSE flocculated sludge using TiCl4) was produced and loaded with 0.5% Pt. Results showed that the optimum concentration of TiO2 (from dye wastewater) for H2 production was 0.3 g/L, while the optimum amount of Pt was 0.5%. DOC and MWD removal was similar for the flocculation of BTSE followed by photocatalytic reaction and the NF process. Remaining organic compounds after flocculation could not be used as sacrificial reagent to induce H2 production. Further investigations on studying the UV intensity and/or identifying organic/inorganic scavengers to inhibit H2 production are underway.

Shon, HK, Vigneswaran, S, El Saliby, I, Okour, Y, Kim, IS, Cho, J, Park, HJ, Kim, JB & Kim, J-H 2010, 'Hydrogen production affected by Pt concentration on TiO2 produced from the incineration of dye wastewater flocculated sludge using titanium tetrachloride', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 15, no. 1-3, pp. 214-221.
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Siew, RYJ & al-Kilidar, H 2010, 'An Exploratory Study of HRM: Configurations and Practices across Publicly-listed Australian and Malaysian Construction Companies', The International Journal of Knowledge, Culture, and Change Management: Annual Review, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 385-402.
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HRM is one of the most poorly understood areas in construction management despite an increasing recognition of its importance.This paper discusses the results of a survey conducted across 78 publicly-listed Australian and Malaysian construction companies. Relative Importance Index (RII) was used to determine the most dominant HRM configuration utilised in these companies. Also, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to determine HRM parameters at a project level. Overall, the survey results confirmed Hofstede's cross cultural analysis across these two regions. © Common Ground, Renard Siew, Hiyam al-Kilidar.

Singh, AK, Deo, MC & Kumar, VS 2010, 'Discussion: Neural network – genetic programming for sediment transport', Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Maritime Engineering, vol. 163, no. 3, pp. 135-136.
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Singh, RP 2010, 'Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk – Launch of a New Journal', Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-1.
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Sobala, A & Hutvágner, G 2010, 'Small RNAs and their effects on gene expression', Bio Tech International, vol. 22, no. SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER, pp. 19-22.
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The cellular spectrum of small RNAs, and processes regulated by them, is very diverse. This article summarises the wide variety of endogenous small RNAs in mammals and explains how they regulate gene expression.

Stewart, MG 2010, 'Acceptable Risk Criteria for Infrastructure Protection', International Journal of Protective Structures, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 23-40.
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This paper reviews risk-based approaches to assessing the risk acceptability and cost-effectiveness of protective measures for infrastructure. The paper describes three risk acceptance criteria based on fatality risks, failure probabilities and net benefit assessment. These criteria can be applied to any item of infrastructure such as buildings, bridges, dams, offshore platforms, etc. and also applies to any man-made or natural hazard such as earthquakes, cyclones, terrorism, floods and so on. The decision support framework accompanying these risk acceptance criteria considers hazard and threat probabilities, value of human life, physical and indirect damages, risk reduction and protective measure costs. This has specific utility for the safety and economical design and assessment of new and existing protective structures against shock and impact loading. Risk assessments are conducted for a bridge over an inland waterway where the hazard is ship impact and a building subject to terrorist attack. The illustrative examples showed under what combination of risk reduction, and fatality and damage costs the fatality and failure risks would be acceptable, and when protective measures would be cost-effective.

Stewart, MG 2010, 'Risk-informed decision support for assessing the costs and benefits of counter-terrorism protective measures for infrastructure', International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 29-40.
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The paper describes risk-informed decision support for assessing the costs and benefits of counter-terrorism (CT) protective measures for infrastructure. Such a decision support framework needs to consider threat scenarios and probabilities, value of human life, physical (direct) damage, indirect damage, risk reduction and protective measure costs. Probabilistic terrorism risk assessments that quantify the costs and benefits are conducted for three items of infrastructure using representative cost and vulnerability data. The illustrative examples show under what combination of risk reduction, threat probability, and fatality and damage costs the CT protective measures would be cost-effective for United States building, bridge and aviation infrastructure. It was found that if indirect losses (such as business interruption, loss of GDP, etc.) are considered, then CT protective measures are cost-effective even if the terrorist threat probability is not high. Opportunity costs can be considerable, which makes CT protective measures less cost-effective. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Stewart, MG & Li, Y 2010, 'Methodologies for Economic Impact and Adaptation Assessment of Cyclone Damage Risks Due to Climate Change', Australian Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 121-135.
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Increases in wind damage are expected if the intensity and/or frequency of tropical cyclones increase due to enhanced greenhouse conditions (climate change). The paper proposes a methodology to estimate cyclone damage risks due to enhanced greenhouse conditions using residential construction in the North Queensland cities of Cairns, Townsville and Mackay as a case study, and then assesses the economic viability of several climate adaptation strategies. The analysis includes probabilistic modelling of cyclone intensity and frequency, time-dependent increase in wind speed from enhanced greenhouse conditions (global warming), and vulnerability functions of building damage. Increases in mean annual maximum wind speed from 0% to 25% over 50 years are considered to represent the uncertainty in changing wind hazard patterns as a result of climate change. The effect of regional changes to building inventory over time and space, rate of retrofitting, cost of retrofit, reduction in vulnerability, and discount rate will be considered. The risk-cost-benefit analysis considering temporal changes in wind hazard and building vulnerability can be used to help optimise the timing and extent of climate adaptation strategies. © Institution of Engineers Australia, 2010.

Su, L-J, Rujikiatkamjorn, C & Indraratna, B 2010, 'An Evaluation of Fouled Ballast in a Laboratory Model Track Using Ground Penetrating Radar', Geotechnical Testing Journal, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 343-350.
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Abstract Ground penetrating radar (GPR) was used to evaluate fouled ballast in a prototype model railway track designed and constructed at the University of Wollongong. To simulate actual conditions, the track consisted of a layer of sub-grade, a capping layer, and a layer of ballast. The track was then divided into seven fouled ballast sections and two clean ballast sections, nine in all. Radar detectable geotextile was embedded under the ballast to highlight the interface between the ballast and capping layer, and then different frequency antennae were used to capture the reflected GPR signals so that the fouled ballast could be evaluated. The design and construction of the model track and the analysis and interpretation of collected GPR data are presented in this paper. Clear patterns of texture observed from the GPR images illustrate the different fouling conditions. The relative dielectric permittivity of each sub-section was also calculated and compared, which proved that it can be used to classify clean and fouled ballast.

Su, SW, Chen, W, Liu, D, Fang, Y, Kuang, W, Yu, X, Guo, T, Celler, BG & Nguyen, HT 2010, 'Dynamic Modelling of Heart Rate Response Under Different Exercise Intensity', The Open Medical Informatics Journal, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 81-85.
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Heart rate is one of the major indications of human cardiovascular response to exercises. This study investigates human heart rate response dynamics to moderate exercise. A healthy male subject has been asked to walk on a motorised treadmill under a predefined exercise protocol. ECG, body movements, and oxygen saturation (SpO2) have been reliably monitored and recorded by using non-invasive portable sensors. To reduce heart rate variation caused by the influence of various internal or external factors, the designed step response protocol has been repeated three times. Experimental results show that both steady state gain and time constant of heart rate response are not invariant when walking speed is faster than 3 miles/hour, and time constant of offset exercise is noticeably longer than that of onset exercise.

Su, SW, Huang, S, Wang, L, Celler, BG, Savkin, AV, Guo, Y & Cheng, TM 2010, 'Optimizing Heart Rate Regulation for Safe Exercise', ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 758-768.
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Safe exercise protocols are critical for effective rehabilitation programs. This paper aims to develop a novel control strategy for an automated treadmill system to reduce the danger of injury during cardiac rehabilitation. We have developed a control-oriented nonparametric Hammerstein model for the control of heart rate during exercises by using support vector regression and correlation analysis. Based on this nonparametric model, a model predictive controller has been built. In order to guarantee the safety of treadmill exercise during rehabilitation, this new automated treadmill system is capable of optimizing system performance over predefined ranges of speed and acceleration. The effectiveness of the proposed approach was demonstrated with six subjects by having their heart rate track successfully a predetermined heart rate. © 2009 Biomedical Engineering Society.

Sun, JY, Wang, ZK, Lim, HS, Ng, SC, Kuok, MH, Tran, TT & Lu, X 2010, 'Hypersonic Vibrations of Ag@SiO₂(Cubic Core)−Shell Nanospheres', ACS Nano, vol. 4, no. 12, pp. 7692-7698.
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SUN, Y, GE, Y-M, HERBORN, S & DUTKIEWICZ, E 2010, 'Research on Flow Distribution Technology for Multimode Terminals in Heterogeneous Networks', Chinese Journal of Computers, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 1004-1013.
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With the rapid development of heterogeneous networks, multimode terminals become more and more popular. However, when there are several different kinds of sessions requiring transmission simultaneously, how to distribute these session flows among the available interfaces of the terminal according to the different features of the flows, the current conditions of the candidate access networks, the communication monetary cost and power consumption is a new challenge. This paper proposes a new solution to the flow distribution problem for multimode terminals. The proposal includes an architecture model of the multimode terminal as well as the corresponding flow distribution algorithm. The proposal utilizes the notion of priority, ensuring the more important sessions have preferential use of the network resources when the traffic intensity was high. In addition, the proposal introduces a new mechanism to automatically determine the weights of different attributes which influences the flow distribution decision making, thus avoiding the difficulty to specify the weights manually. Simulation results show that the proposal can efficiently distribute the session flows on a multimode mobile terminal to the appropriate networks for transmission. Also, the proposal provides a significant improvement to performance indicators such as throughput and session completion rate.

Ta, MTT, Nguyen, KT, Nguyen, ND, Campbell, LV & Nguyen, TV 2010, 'Identification of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes by systolic blood pressure and waist-to-hip ratio', Diabetologia, vol. 53, no. 10, pp. 2139-2146.
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We estimated the current prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the Vietnamese population and developed simple diagnostic models for identifying individuals at high risk of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes. The study was designed as a cross-sectional investigation with 721 men and 1,421 women, who were aged between 30 and 72 years and were randomly sampled from Ho Chi Minh City (formerly Saigon) in Vietnam. A 75 g oral glucose tolerance test to assess fasting and 2 h plasma glucose concentrations were determined for each individual. The ADA diagnostic criteria were used to determine the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. WHR and blood pressure were also measured in all individuals. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes was 10.8% in men and 11.7% in women. Higher WHR and blood pressure were independently associated with a greater risk of type 2 diabetes. Compared with participants without central obesity and hypertension, the odds of diabetes was increased by 6.4-fold (95% CI 3.2-13.0) in men and 4.1-fold (2.2-7.6) in women with central obesity and hypertension. Two nomograms were developed that help identify men and women at high risk of type 2 diabetes. The current prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the Vietnamese population is high. Simple field measurements such as waist-to-hip ratio and systolic blood pressure can identify individuals at high risk of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes.

Tadkaew, N, Sivakumar, M, Khan, SJ, McDonald, JA & Nghiem, LD 2010, 'Effect of mixed liquor pH on the removal of trace organic contaminants in a membrane bioreactor', Bioresource Technology, vol. 101, no. 5, pp. 1494-1500.
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Tang, L, Du, P & Wu, C 2010, 'Compare diagnostic tests using transformation-invariant smoothed ROC curves', Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference, vol. 140, no. 11, pp. 3540-3551.
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Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, plotting true positive rates against false positive rates as threshold varies, is an important tool for evaluating biomarkers in diagnostic medicine studies. By definition, ROC curve is monotone increasing from 0 to 1 and is invariant to any monotone transformation of test results. And it is often a curve with certain level of smoothness when test results from the diseased and non-diseased subjects follow continuous distributions. Most existing ROC curve estimation methods do not guarantee all of these properties. One of the exceptions is Du and Tang (2009) which applies certain monotone spline regression procedure to empirical ROC estimates. However, their method does not consider the inherent correlations between empirical ROC estimates. This makes the derivation of the asymptotic properties very difficult. In this paper we propose a penalized weighted least square estimation method, which incorporates the covariance between empirical ROC estimates as a weight matrix. The resulting estimator satisfies all the aforementioned properties, and we show that it is also consistent. Then a resampling approach is used to extend our method for comparisons of two or more diagnostic tests. Our simulations show a significantly improved performance over the existing method, especially for steep ROC curves. We then apply the proposed method to a cancer diagnostic study that compares several newly developed diagnostic biomarkers to a traditional one. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.

Tarini, M, Pietroni, N, Cignoni, P, Panozzo, D & Puppo, E 2010, 'Practical quad mesh simplification.', Comput. Graph. Forum, vol. 29, pp. 407-418.
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Thakur, PK, Vinod, JS & Indraratna, B 2010, 'Effect of particle breakage on cyclic densification of ballast: A DEM approach', IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 10, pp. 012229-012229.
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Thomas, PS, Šesták, J, Heide, K, Fueglein, E & Šimon, P 2010, 'Thermal properties of Australian sedimentary opals and Czech moldavites', Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, vol. 99, no. 3, pp. 861-867.
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The thermal properties are presented for a precious opal sourced from Coober Pedy, South Australia and a moldavite from Bohemia, Czech Republic whose origins differ significantly as opal is derived from the slow isothermal diagenesis of silica, while the tektites are specimens of vitreous silica formed from the terrestrial impact of asteroids. The differences between the two glassy silicates are presented through measurement of the TG-DSC, TMA and high-vacuum-hot-extraction DEGAS analysis.

Tomamichel, M & Renner, R 2010, 'The Uncertainty Relation for Smooth Entropies', Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 106, no. 11, p. 110506.
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Uncertainty relations give upper bounds on the accuracy by which the outcomesof two incompatible measurements can be predicted. While establisheduncertainty relations apply to cases where the predictions are based on purelyclassical data (e.g., a description of the system's state before measurement),an extended relation which remains valid in the presence of quantum informationhas been proposed recently [Berta et al., Nat. Phys. 6, 659 (2010)]. Here, wegeneralize this uncertainty relation to one formulated in terms of smoothentropies. Since these entropies measure operational quantities such asextractable secret key length, our uncertainty relation is of immediatepractical use. To illustrate this, we show that it directly implies security ofa family of quantum key distribution protocols including BB84. Our proofremains valid even if the measurement devices used in the experiment deviatearbitrarily from the theoretical model.

Tomamichel, M, Schaffner, C, Smith, A & Renner, R 2010, 'Leftover Hashing Against Quantum Side Information', IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 57 (8), 2011, vol. 57, no. 8, pp. 5524-5535.
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The Leftover Hash Lemma states that the output of a two-universal hashfunction applied to an input with sufficiently high entropy is almost uniformlyrandom. In its standard formulation, the lemma refers to a notion of randomnessthat is (usually implicitly) defined with respect to classical sideinformation. Here, we prove a (strictly) more general version of the LeftoverHash Lemma that is valid even if side information is represented by the stateof a quantum system. Furthermore, our result applies to arbitrary delta-almosttwo-universal families of hash functions. The generalized Leftover Hash Lemmahas applications in cryptography, e.g., for key agreement in the presence of anadversary who is not restricted to classical information processing.

Trani, LDO & Indraratna, B 2010, 'Assessment of Subballast Filtration under Cyclic Loading', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 136, no. 11, pp. 1519-1528.
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Trani, LDO & Indraratna, B 2010, 'Experimental investigations into subballast filtration behaviour under cyclic conditions', Australian Geomechanics Journal, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 123-1333.
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In rail track environments the loading system is cyclic unlike the monotonie seepage force that usually occurs in embankment dams. The mechanisms of filtration, interface behaviour and time-dependent changes of the drainage and filtration properties occurring within the filter medium require further research to improve the design guidelines. A novel cyclic process simulation filtration apparatus was designed and commissioned at the University of Wollongong, and a standard testing procedure was established. The test apparatus was designed to simulate heavy haul train operations. Key parameters that influence the change in porosity and pore water pressure within the subballast layer under cyclic conditions in rail track environments were identified.

TRANI, LDO & INDRARATNA, B 2010, 'The use of particle size distribution by surface area method in predicting the saturated hydraulic conductivity of graded granular soils', Géotechnique, vol. 60, no. 12, pp. 957-962.
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The hydraulic conductivity (k) of a fully saturated granular material can be predicted by the well-known Kozeny–Carman formula, and its slightly different variations, based on the porosity (n) and effective diameter (deff). Most variations of the Kozeny–Carman formula compute the parameter deff based on a given conventional particle size distribution by mass (PSDm), where the validation would normally be carried out by comparing against laboratory permeability tests conducted on soils having an average coefficient of uniformity (Cu) of about 3. Knowing that the Kozeny–Carman formula was originally developed for uniformly graded materials, inevitable limitations are inherited when it is applied to increasingly graded soils. This study proposes to convert the PSDm into its equivalence in surface area (PSDsa) conforming to the fundamental geometric assumption by which the Kozeny–Carman equation was originally formulated. The estimated deff based on this proposed PSDsa method appears implicitly to incorporate the size, shape and angularity of the natural grains which were traditionally represented by the shape coefficient (α). The results presented in this paper show that the suggested method is capable of predicting k for fully saturated granular soils with Cu of up 20.

Trani, LDO & Indraratna, B 2010, 'Use of Impedance Probe for Estimation of Porosity Changes in Saturated Granular Filters under Cyclic Loading: Calibration and Application', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 136, no. 10, pp. 1469-1474.
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Tu, KL, Nghiem, LD & Chivas, AR 2010, 'Boron removal by reverse osmosis membranes in seawater desalination applications', Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 87-101.
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Tuan, HD, Kha, HH, Nguyen, HH & Luong, V-J 2010, 'Optimized Training Sequences for Spatially Correlated MIMO-OFDM', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 9, no. 9, pp. 2768-2778.
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In this paper, the training sequence design for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems under the minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion is addressed. The optimal training sequence for channel e

Turner, BD, Binning, PJ & Sloan, SW 2010, 'Impact of Phosphate on Fluoride Removal by Calcite', Environmental Engineering Science, vol. 27, no. 8, pp. 643-650.
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Vexler, A, Wu, C & Yu, KF 2010, 'Optimal hypothesis testing: from semi to fully Bayes factors', Metrika, vol. 71, no. 2, pp. 125-138.
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We propose and examine statistical test-strategies that are somewhat between the maximum likelihood ratio and Bayes factor methods that are well addressed in the literature. The paper shows an optimality of the proposed tests of hypothesis. We demonstrate that our approach can be easily applied to practical studies, because execution of the tests does not require deriving of asymptotical analytical solutions regarding the type I error. However, when the proposed method is utilized, the classical significance level of tests can be controlled. © Springer-Verlag 2008.

Vicars, R, Hyde, PJ, Brown, TD, Tipper, JL, Ingham, E, Fisher, J & Hall, RM 2010, 'The effect of anterior–posterior shear load on the wear of ProDisc-L TDR', European Spine Journal, vol. 19, no. 8, pp. 1356-1362.
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Vidal-Calleja, TA, Sanfeliu, A & Andrade-Cetto, J 2010, 'Action Selection for Single-Camera SLAM', IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics), vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 1567-1581.
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A method for evaluating, at video rate, the quality of actions for a single camera while mapping unknown indoor environments is presented. The strategy maximizes mutual information between measurements and states to help the camera avoid making ill-conditioned measurements that are appropriate to lack of depth in monocular vision systems. Our system prompts a user with the appropriate motion commands during 6-DOF visual simultaneous localization and mapping with a handheld camera. Additionally, the system has been ported to a mobile robotic platform, thus closing the control-estimation loop. To show the viability of the approach, simulations and experiments are presented for the unconstrained motion of a handheld camera and for the motion of a mobile robot with nonholonomic constraints. When combined with a path planner, the technique safely drives to a marked goal while, at the same time, producing an optimal estimated map. © 2010 IEEE.

Vinod, JS, Indraratna, B & Mahamud, MAA 2010, 'Stabilisation of an erodible soil using a chemical admixture', Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Ground Improvement, vol. 163, no. 1, pp. 43-51.
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Internal erosional behaviour of a lignosulfonate-treated dispersive soil has been studied using apparatus designed and built at University of Wollongong. The effectiveness of lignosulfonate-treated dispersive clay on its erosion resistance has been investigated and its advantages over traditional admixtures (cement) have been presented. Lignosulfonate is a non-toxic admixture that can stabilise certain erodible and dispersive soils effectively, without causing any adverse environmental impact on the ground unlike some traditional stabilisers. Test results show that the erosional parameters such as critical shear stress and coefficient of soil erosion are improved with the increase in the amount of lignosulfonate. Knowledge about the clay particles and lignosulfonate interaction mechanisms is pertinent for long-term environmental sustainability of treated soils, a factor which is poorly understood at microscopic level. Considering this, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were carried out on representative samples to understand the stabilisation mechanism at the particle scale level. The improvement of performance exhibited by the lignosulfonate-treated soil can be mainly attributed to the reduction of the double-layer thickness by the neutralisation of surface charges of the clay particles and the formation of more stable particle clusters by polymer bridging.

Vinod, JS, Sridharan, A & Indraratna, B 2010, 'Determination of Coefficient of Radial Consolidation Using Steepest Tangent Fitting Method', Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 533-536.
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Barron (Trans ASCE 113:718-724, 1948) theoretical relationship between degree of consolidation (Ur) and time factor (Tr) is generally used to determine the coefficient of radial consolidation cr. Several researchers have proposed different laboratory techniques for obtaining the value of cr. However, the usual approach is to compare some salient features of the theoretical Ur-Tr relationship with the compression, δ and time, t based on the laboratory data. In this paper, rapid consolidation test procedure originally proposed by Su (J Soil Mech Found Div Am Soc Civ Eng No. 95: Proc. Pap. 1729 (1-9), 1958) to determine the coefficient of vertical consolidation (cv) is extended to evaluate Barron's coefficient of radial consolidation cr for the case of equal strain. The characteristic feature of the proposed method is the identification of the steepest tangent from the δ-log t plot. The slope of steepest tangent is independent of the drain spacing ratio (n) with a value of 0.847. This approach is rapid, and it predicts more reliable values of cr as it is less influenced by the secondary compression. In addition, this method is more versatile and can be applied for consolidation trends which do not always exhibit the typical S-shape. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

Visconti, RP, Kasyanov, V, Gentile, C, Zhang, J, Markwald, RR & Mironov, V 2010, 'Towards organ printing: engineering an intra-organ branched vascular tree', Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 409-420.
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Vogel, D, Simon, A, Alturki, AA, Bilitewski, B, Price, WE & Nghiem, LD 2010, 'Effects of fouling and scaling on the retention of trace organic contaminants by a nanofiltration membrane: The role of cake-enhanced concentration polarisation', Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 73, no. 2, pp. 256-263.
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Voinov, A & Bousquet, F 2010, 'Modelling with stakeholders☆', Environmental Modelling & Software, vol. 25, no. 11, pp. 1268-1281.
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Voinov, A & Cerco, C 2010, 'Model integration and the role of data', Environmental Modelling & Software, vol. 25, no. 8, pp. 965-969.
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Voinov, AA, DeLuca, C, Hood, RR, Peckham, S, Sherwood, CR & Syvitski, JPM 2010, 'A Community Approach to Earth Systems Modeling', Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, vol. 91, no. 13, pp. 117-118.
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Earth science often deals with complex systems spanning multiple disciplines. These systems are best described by integrated models built with contributions from specialists of many backgrounds. But building integrated models can be difficult; modular and hierarchical approaches help to manage the increasing complexity of these modeling systems, but there is a need for framework and integration methods and standards to support modularity. Complex models require many data and generate lots of output, so software and standards are required for data handling, model output, data distribution services, and user interfaces. Complex modeling systems must be efficient to be useful, so they require contributions by software engineers to ensure efficient architectures, accurate numerics, and implementation on fast computers. Further, integrated model systems can be difficult to learn and use unless adequate documentation, training, and support are provided.

Vu, NA, Castel, A & François, R 2010, 'Response of post-tensioned concrete beams with unbonded tendons including serviceability and ultimate state', Engineering Structures, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 556-569.
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Waldron, KJ, Tran, TH & Madadnia, J 2010, 'Configuration design of a robotic vehicle for rough terrain mobility', International Journal of Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications, vol. 8, no. 1/2/3/4, pp. 171-171.
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In this paper, we describe the motivation for building a six-wheeled robotic vehicle with active suspension to test mobility improvement concepts on rough terrain. The vehicle is being designed and constructed as a final year class project in the School of Engineering and Information Technology of the University of Technology, Sydney. The configuration of the designed vehicle and the integration of the sensing and computation systems are described. © 2010 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Wang, J, Zhu, S, Zhang, W & Lu, H 2010, 'Combined modeling for electric load forecasting with adaptive particle swarm optimization', Energy, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 1671-1678.
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Electric load forecasting is crucial for managing electric power systems economically and safely. This paper presents a new combined model for electric load forecasting based on the seasonal ARIMA forecasting model, the seasonal exponential smoothing mod

Wang, S, Qiu, J, Liu, X, Wang, Z, Zhu, J, Guo, Y, Lin, ZW, Wang, Y & Xu, W 2010, 'Current distribution analysis for high temperature superconducting cable considering hysteresis characteristics', International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 33, no. 1-2, pp. 511-517.
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This paper presents a hysteresis model for Type-II high temperature superconductor (HTS) by using simplified Preisach Model, in which the Preisach distribution function μ-kα, β) is determined only based on the B-H limiting loop. The nonlinear dynamic circuit model of the superconductor is established. In the circuit model, the hysteresis inductance and hysteresis loss described by using simplified Preisach Model are deduced. Applying the hysteresis circuit model, the currents flowing in different superconductor layers of high temperature superconducting cable are simulated, as well as the hysteresis loss of the superconducting cable. The simulation results are verified by comparison with the data recorded in literatures. Finally, the influences of hysteresis on superconducting cable are analyzed and discussed. © 2010 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.

Wang, Y, Guo, N, Zhu, J, Duan, N, Wang, S, Guo, Y, Xu, W & Li, Y 2010, 'Initial Rotor Position and Magnetic Polarity Identification of PM Synchronous Machine Based on Nonlinear Machine Model and Finite Element Analysis', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 2016-2019.
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In this paper, a DC voltage pulse injection based method is proposed to detect the initial position and rotor polarity of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The rotor angle vibration is expressed analytically as a function of the injected pulse.

Wang, Y, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 2010, 'A Comprehensive Analytical Mathematic Model for Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machines Incorporating Structural and Saturation Saliencies', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 46, no. 12, pp. 4081-4091.
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We introduce a new method to model permanent-magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) with saliencies due to the salient structure and magnetic saturation. We define two parameters to indicate these saliencies, i.e., the structural saliency ratio $(K_{rm str})$ and the saturation saliency ratio $(K_{rm sat})$. To verify the nonlinear model, we tested a real PMSM and numerically simulated it. The nonlinear inductance matrix is deduced and expressed by a nonlinear function regressed from the experimental data. The simulation and experimental results agree well with each other.

Wang, Y, Zhu, J, Wang, S, Guo, Y & Xu, W 2010, 'Modeling and simulation of direct torque controlled SPMSM Drive incorporating magnetic saturation saliency', International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 33, no. 1-2, pp. 473-479.
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In this paper a comprehensive nonlinear model of surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine (SPMSM) is proposed considering both the structural and the saturation saliencies to enable the numerical simulation of new rotor position detection algorithms. An experiment platform is carried out to test and collect the incremental inductance values varying again the stator current levels and the rotor position. The Least Relative Residual Sum of Square (LRRSS) method is employed in the nonlinear inductance function regression. After experimentally identifying out all the parameters, a nonlinear mathematic model of SPMSMis built up. Furthermore, the direct torque control (DTC) scheme is applied to this new model to verify the model and simulate the machine performance.

Watt, DJ, Kayis, B & Willey, K 2010, 'The relative importance of tender evaluation and contractor selection criteria', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 51-60.
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Research in identifying the relative importance of criteria used to select a preferred supplier has, for the most part, relied on subjective lists of criteria being presented to respondents. The research reported here uses an experimental design approach to quantify the importance of nine common criteria used in an actual evaluation and selection of a contractor/supplier. Unique choice sets were constructed, each comprising three tender evaluation outcomes (alternatives) described in terms of all criteria, but with varying levels. Respondents simultaneously evaluated all three alternatives within each choice set and selected the most preferred. Utility estimates for each criterion level were determined as was the overall contribution made by the individual criterion. Results indicate Past Project Performance, Technical Expertise and Cost are the most important criteria in an actual choice of contractor with Organisational Experience, Workload, and Reputation being the least important.

Wei Xu, Jian Guo Zhu, Yongchang Zhang, Yaohua Li, Yi Wang & Youguang Guo 2010, 'An Improved Equivalent Circuit Model of a Single-Sided Linear Induction Motor', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 59, no. 5, pp. 2277-2289.
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The derivation of the equivalent circuit for a single-sided linear induction motor (SLIM) is not straightforward, particularly if it includes longitudinal end effects from the cut-open primary magnetic path, transversal edge effects from the differing wi

Wei, D, Huang, J, Zhang, A, Jiang, Z, Tieu, AK, Shi, X, Jiao, S & Chen, L 2010, 'Deformation of Oxide Scale and Roll-Strip Interface Characteristics in Hot Rolling of Stainless Steel 304', STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL, vol. 81, no. 9, pp. 102-105.
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The deformation of oxide scale affects roll-strip interface characteristics in hot rolling. Few studies have been carried out on the deformation behavior of oxide scale in hot rolling of stainless steels. In this paper, the thickness, morphology of the oxide scale and the surface roughness of workpiece in hot rolling of stainless steel 304 under the condition of a single pass were investigated, and the friction coefficients were calculated. The effect of humidity on the growth of oxide scale of stainless steel 304 has been identified. Outer and inner oxide layers can be found when the water vapor content is over 7 vol.%. An incomplete oxide layer which is a transition layer between the inner oxide layer and steel substrate can be distinguished in thick oxide scale when the water vapour content is over 12 vol.%. The oxide scale thickness decreases linearly with an increase of reduction. Surface roughness also decreases with an increase of reduction. After experiencing 20 and 30 % reduction, the surface roughness asperities are flattened, so the outmost surface of oxide scale after rolling is much smoother than that before rolling. Generally, friction coefficients decrease with an increase of reduction.

Wei, X & Stewart, MG 2010, 'Model validation and parametric study on the blast response of unreinforced brick masonry walls', International Journal of Impact Engineering, vol. 37, no. 11, pp. 1150-1159.
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Numerical simulations are carried out to estimate the response and damage of unreinforced brick masonry walls subjected to explosive blast loading based on the transient dynamic finite element program LS-DYNA. A previously developed dynamic plastic damage model was used for brick and mortar. A new model for strain rate effects of bricks and mortar is included in the numerical analysis. The results obtained from the numerical models are compared with field test data and good agreement can be found. Parametric studies are conducted to evaluate the effect of material strength, boundary conditions, and thickness of the wall on the blast response of unreinforced brick masonry walls. It was found that boundary conditions and wall thickness significantly affect the blast response, while the effect of material strength is relatively small. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

White, R, Thomas, P, Phillips, MR, Moran, K & Wuhrer, R 2010, 'X-Ray Mapping and Scatter Diagram Analysis of the Discoloring Products Resulting from the Interaction of Artist's Pigments', MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 594-598.
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The discoloring interaction between the artist's pigments cadmium yellow and the copper-containing malachite, an interaction that is conjectured to cause black spotting in oil paintings of the 19th and early 20th centuries, was examined using X-ray mapping and scatter diagram analysis. The application of these coupled techniques confirmed that copper sulfide phases were produced during discoloration reaction. Scatter diagram analysis indicated that two copper sulfide stoichiometries (CuS and Cu3S2) were present as reaction products where previously only crystalline CuS (covellite) had been identified by X-ray diffraction. The results demonstrate the potential of X-ray mapping coupled with scatter diagram analysis for the identification of both crystalline and X-ray amorphous phases produced by such complex heterogeneous interactions and their applicability to the investigation of interactions of artists' pigments. © Microscopy Society of America 2010.

Widmer, M, Blum, J, Hofmeyr, GJ, Carroli, G, Abdel-Aleem, H, Lumbiganon, P, Ngoc, NTN, Wojdyla, D, Thinkhamrop, J, Singata, M, Mignini, LE, Abdel-Aleem, MA, Thach, TS & Winikoff, B 2010, 'Misoprostol as an adjunct to standard uterotonics for treatment of post-partum haemorrhage: a multicentre, double-blind randomised trial', The Lancet, vol. 375, no. 9728, pp. 1808-1813.
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Wilde, MM & Hsieh, M-H 2010, 'Public and private resource trade-offs for a quantum channel', Quantum Information Processing, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 6-1501.
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Collins and Popescu realized a powerful analogy between several resources inclassical and quantum information theory. The Collins-Popescu analogy statesthat public classical communication, private classical communication, andsecret key interact with one another somewhat similarly to the way thatclassical communication, quantum communication, and entanglement interact. Thispaper discusses the information-theoretic treatment of this analogy for thecase of noisy quantum channels. We determine a capacity region for a quantumchannel interacting with the noiseless resources of public classicalcommunication, private classical communication, and secret key. We then comparethis region with the classical-quantum-entanglement region from our priorefforts and explicitly observe the information-theoretic consequences of thestrong correlations in entanglement and the lack of a super-dense codingprotocol in the public-private-secret-key setting. The region simplifies forseveral realistic, physically-motivated channels such as entanglement-breakingchannels, Hadamard channels, and quantum erasure channels, and we are able tocompute and plot the region for several examples of these channels.

Wilde, MM & Hsieh, M-H 2010, 'The quantum dynamic capacity formula of a quantum channel', Quantum Information Processing, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 6-1463.
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The dynamic capacity theorem characterizes the reliable communication ratesof a quantum channel when combined with the noiseless resources of classicalcommunication, quantum communication, and entanglement. In prior work, weproved the converse part of this theorem by making contact with many previousresults in the quantum Shannon theory literature. In this work, we prove thetheorem with an 'ab initio' approach, using only the most basic tools in thequantum information theorist's toolkit: the Alicki-Fannes' inequality, thechain rule for quantum mutual information, elementary properties of quantumentropy, and the quantum data processing inequality. The result is a simplifiedproof of the theorem that should be more accessible to those unfamiliar withthe quantum Shannon theory literature. We also demonstrate that the 'quantumdynamic capacity formula' characterizes the Pareto optimal trade-off surfacefor the full dynamic capacity region. Additivity of this formula simplifies thecomputation of the trade-off surface, and we prove that its additivity holdsfor the quantum Hadamard channels and the quantum erasure channel. We thendetermine exact expressions for and plot the dynamic capacity region of thequantum dephasing channel, an example from the Hadamard class, and the quantumerasure channel.

Wilde, MM, Hsieh, M-H & Babar, Z 2010, 'Entanglement-assisted quantum turbo codes', IEEE Transactions on Information Theory vol. 60, no. 2, pages 1203-1222 (February 2014), vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 1203-1222.
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An unexpected breakdown in the existing theory of quantum serial turbo codingis that a quantum convolutional encoder cannot simultaneously be recursive andnon-catastrophic. These properties are essential for quantum turbo codefamilies to have a minimum distance growing with blocklength and for theiriterative decoding algorithm to converge, respectively. Here, we show that theentanglement-assisted paradigm simplifies the theory of quantum turbo codes, inthe sense that an entanglement-assisted quantum (EAQ) convolutional encoder canpossess both of the aforementioned desirable properties. We give severalexamples of EAQ convolutional encoders that are both recursive andnon-catastrophic and detail their relevant parameters. We then modify thequantum turbo decoding algorithm of Poulin et al., in order to have theconstituent decoders pass along only 'extrinsic information' to each otherrather than a posteriori probabilities as in the decoder of Poulin et al., andthis leads to a significant improvement in the performance of unassistedquantum turbo codes. Other simulation results indicate thatentanglement-assisted turbo codes can operate reliably in a noise regime 4.73dB beyond that of standard quantum turbo codes, when used on a memorylessdepolarizing channel. Furthermore, several of our quantum turbo codes arewithin 1 dB or less of their hashing limits, so that the performance of quantumturbo codes is now on par with that of classical turbo codes. Finally, we provethat entanglement is the resource that enables a convolutional encoder to beboth non-catastrophic and recursive because an encoder acting on onlyinformation qubits, classical bits, gauge qubits, and ancilla qubits cannotsimultaneously satisfy them.

Willey, K & Gardner, A 2010, 'Investigating the capacity of self and peer assessment activities to engage students and promote learning', European Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 429-443.
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The authors have previously reported the effectiveness of using self and peer assessment to improve learning outcomes by providing opportunities to practise, assess and provide feedback on students' attribute development. Despite this work and the research of others, a significant number of students and, indeed, many academics focus on the free-rider deterrent capability of self and peer assessment, rather than its capacity to provide opportunities for developing judgement and facilitating reflection and feedback to complete the learning cycle. The advent of web-based tools such as SPARKPLUS allows the frequent and efficient implementation of self and peer assessment activities even in large classes. This article reports the results of an investigation into whether the regular use of self and peer assessment in different contexts promoted effective peer learning, increased engagement and encouraged students to learn.

Wroe, S, Ferrara, TL, McHenry, CR, Curnoe, D & Chamoli, U 2010, 'The craniomandibular mechanics of being human', Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol. 277, no. 1700, pp. 3579-3586.
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Diminished bite force has been considered a defining feature of modern Homo sapiens , an interpretation inferred from the application of two-dimensional lever mechanics and the relative gracility of the human masticatory musculature and skull. This conclusion has various implications with regard to the evolution of human feeding behaviour. However, human dental anatomy suggests a capacity to withstand high loads and two-dimensional lever models greatly simplify muscle architecture, yielding less accurate results than three-dimensional modelling using multiple lines of action. Here, to our knowledge, in the most comprehensive three-dimensional finite element analysis performed to date for any taxon, we ask whether the traditional view that the bite of H. sapiens is weak and the skull too gracile to sustain high bite forces is supported. We further introduce a new method for reconstructing incomplete fossil material. Our findings show that the human masticatory apparatus is highly efficient, capable of producing a relatively powerful bite using low muscle forces. Thus, relative to other members of the superfamily Hominoidea, humans can achieve relatively high bite forces, while overall stresses are reduced. Our findings resolve apparently discordant lines of evidence, i.e. the presence of teeth well adapted to sustain high loads within a lightweight cranium and mandible.

Wu, C, Fattori, G, Whittaker, A & Oehlers, DJ 2010, 'Investigation of Air-Blast Effects from Spherical-and Cylindrical-Shaped Charges', International Journal of Protective Structures, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 345-362.
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Although the distributions of peak incident overpressure and impulse generated from spherical charges and cylindrical charges of the same weight can differ greatly close to the point of detonation, spherical charges are assumed for nearly all explosive-effects computations per modern standards for blast-resistant design such as UFC-3-340-02 and the soon-to-be published ASCE Standard for the Blast Protection of Buildings. A blast-testing program was performed using a reinforced concrete slab as the target to investigate the reflected peak overpressure and impulse distributions as a function of charge shape, orientation, and scaled distance. The charge shapes were cylindrical and spherical, and the charge mass varied from 0.24 to 8.0 kg. Nine pressure transducers were installed on the surface of the slab to record the distribution of pressure histories over the face of the target. A finite element model of the explosive and the target was validated using the experimental data. The validated model was then used to undertake a parametric analysis to more broadly study the effects of detonation point, ratio of charge length to charge diameter, charge orientation and standoff distance on the distribution of reflected overpressure. Numerical results are compared with predictions of UFC-3-340-02. For cylindrical charges, the ratio of charge length ( L) to diameter ( D), the orientation of the longitudinal axis of the charge, and detonation point within the charge affected the distributions of reflected peak overpressure and impulse in the immediate vicinity of the explosive. The UFC-3-340-02 underpredicts substantially the reflected peak overpressure and impulse on a target aligned with the vertical axis of a cylindrical charge with an aspect ratio of 1.0.

Wu, F, Wang, W, Yang, Y, Zhuang, Y & Nie, F 2010, 'Classification by semi-supervised discriminative regularization', Neurocomputing, vol. 73, no. 10-12, pp. 1641-1651.
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Xiao, JZ, Li, WG & Tawana, MM 2010, 'On 4R Principle in the Rehabilitation of Concrete Historic Buildings', Advanced Materials Research, vol. 133-134, pp. 985-990.
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vThe 4R principle refers to reduce, reuse, recycle and regeneration, which should be implemented in the process of concrete treatment. In terms of the special micro-structural properties and self-repairing capacity, concrete is one kind of regenerative construction materials. Through proper handlings, self-repairing (crack close-up) of concrete cracks is possible in the concrete hydration damaged region. Due to the effect of heterogeneous nucleation and subsequent crystal growth of calcium hydroxide, a better bonding strength forms interlocking the new and old concrete interfaces. A proposal on the relationship between the self-repairing, regeneration function of concrete and the rehabilitation of historic buildings is suggested, this is based on the formed process of the bonding strength of the interfaces and the function on concrete repairing. Besides the constitution and features of the microstructure of concrete, the relationship between the micro-structure and the macro-mechanical property is also investigated in this paper

Xiao, Y, Liu, B, Luo, D, Cao, L, Deng, F & Hao, Z 2010, 'Multi-agent system for customer relationship management with SVMs tool', International Journal of Intelligent Information and Database Systems, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 121-121.
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In this paper, we introduce multiple agents, knowledge discovery and data mining into customer relationship management (CRM) to set up the architecture of a multi-agent-based CRM system (MAB-CRM), and then use the SVMs-based approach to build up the decision support model which can classify the patterns obtained by the multiple agents into several decision levels, so that managers can pursue different decision-making activities according to the decision level of a pattern. Substantial experiments in the two-dimensional space show how the SVMs-based approach works. The practical problem from one Chinese company has been resolved by the SVMs-based approach. The results illustrate that this approach has an effective ability to learn the decision rules from the assessors' experience. Copyright © 2010 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Xiaowen Liu, Jinyan Li & Lusheng Wang 2010, 'Modeling Protein Interacting Groups by Quasi-Bicliques: Complexity, Algorithm, and Application', IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 354-364.
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Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are one of the most important mechanisms in cellular processes. To model protein interaction sites, recent studies have suggested to find interacting protein group pairs from large PPI networks at the first step and then to search conserved motifs within the protein groups to form interacting motif pairs. To consider the noise effect and the incompleteness of biological data, we propose to use quasi-bicliques for finding interacting protein group pairs. We investigate two new problems that arise from finding interacting protein group pairs: the maximum vertex quasi-biclique problem and the maximum balanced quasi-biclique problem. We prove that both problems are NP-hard. This is a surprising result as the widely known maximum vertex biclique problem is polynomial time solvable [1]. We then propose a heuristic algorithm that uses the greedy method to find the quasi-bicliques from PPI networks. Our experiment results on real data show that this algorithm has a better performance than a benchmark algorithm for identifying highly matched BLOCKS and PRINTS motifs. We also report results of two case studies on interacting motif pairs that map well with two interacting domain pairs in iPfam. Availability: The software and supplementary information are available at http://www.cs.cityu.edu.hk/~lwang/software/ppi/index.html. © 2006 IEEE.

Xie, W-M, Ni, B-J, Sheng, G-P, Yu, H-Q & Yang, M 2010, 'Substrate consumption and excess sludge reduction of activated sludge in the presence of uncouplers: a modeling approach', Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, vol. 85, no. 6, pp. 2001-2008.
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Xie, W-M, Ni, B-J, Zeng, RJ, Sheng, G-P, Yu, H-Q, Song, J, Le, D-Z, Bi, X-J, Liu, C-Q & Yang, M 2010, 'Formation of soluble microbial products by activated sludge under anoxic conditions', Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, vol. 87, no. 1, pp. 373-382.
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Xing, W, Guo, W, Ngo, H-H, Cullum, P & Listowski, A 2010, 'Integration of Inorganic Micronutrients and Natural Starch Based Cationic Flocculant in Primary Treated Sewage Effluent (PTSE) Treatment', SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 619-625.
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In this study, a natural starch-based cationic flocculant (SBCF) was first evaluated using a granular activated carbon fluidized-bed bioreactor (GAC-FBBR) to treat a high strength synthetic domestic wastewater (primary treated sewage effluent) containing

Xing, W, Ngo, H-H, Guo, W, Wu, Z, Nguyen, TT, Cullum, P, Listowski, A & Yang, N 2010, 'Enhancement of the performance of anaerobic fluidized bed bioreactors (AFBBRs) by a new starch based flocculant', SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY, vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 140-146.
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In this study, laboratory-scale anaerobic fluidized bed bioreactors (AFBBRs) using granular activated carbon as bedding material were employed for treating a primary treated sewage effluent (PTSE) with or without refractory organic pollutants (ROPs). A new starch based flocculant (NSBF) combining a nature starch based cationic flocculants and trace nutrients was prepared and applied in the AFBBR. The impact of NSBF on the performance of AFBBR was mainly evaluated in terms of organic and nutrient removal and microbial activity. Membrane fouling based on critical flux was assessed when the bioreactor used as pretreatment for microfiltration. The results indicated that the addition of NSBF in AFBBR (NSBF-AFBBR) not only attained improved organic (9-10%) and nutrient removal (10-20%), higher biomass growth (3.0 gbiomass/LGAC) and net bed expansion (18 cm), but also doubled the critical flux (from 15 L/m3 h to 30 L/m3 h) in the microfiltration system. In addition, NSBF-AFBBR could retain 10% better DOC removal efficiency at different recirculation rates for treating PTSE with ROPs. When increasing organic loading rate from 21.6 kg COD/m3 d to 43.2 kg COD/m3 d, NSBF-AFBBR achieved comparatively constant organic removal of 55% whereas the efficiency in AFBBR alone decreased dramatically from 47% to 34%. Thus, NSBF could act as a performance enhancer for AFBBR. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Xu, RYD & Kemp, M 2010, 'An iterative approach for fitting multiple connected ellipse structure to silhouette', Pattern Recognition Letters, vol. 31, no. 13, pp. 1860-1867.
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In many image processing applications, the structures conveyed in the image contour can often be described by a set of connected ellipses. Previous fitting methods to align the connected ellipse structure with a contour, in general, lack a continuous solution space. In addition, the solution obtain often satisfies only a partial number of ellipses, leaving others with poor fits. In this paper, we address these two problems by presenting an iterative framework for fitting a 2D silhouettte contour to a pre-specified connected ellipses structure with a very coarse initial guess. Under the proposed framework, we first improve the initial guess by modelling the silhouette region as set of disconnected ellipses using mixture of Gaussian densities or the heuristics approaches. Then, an iterative method is applied in a similar fashion to the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) (Alshawa, 2007; Li and Griffiths, 2000; Besl and McKay, 1992) algorithm. Each iteration contains two parts: first part is to assighn all the contour points to the individual unconnected ellipses, which we refer to as the segmentation step and the second part is the non-linear least square approach that minimizes both the sum of the square distance between the countour points and ellipse's edge as well as minimizing the ellipse's vertex pair(s) distances, which we refer to as the minimization step. We illustrate the effectiveness of our menthods through experimental result on several images as well as applying the algorithm to a mini database of human upper-body images.

Xu, W, Zhu, JG, Zhang, Y, Li, Z, Li, Y, Wang, Y, Guo, Y & Li, Y 2010, 'Equivalent Circuits for Single-Sided Linear Induction Motors', IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 2410-2423.
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Single-sided linear induction motors (SLIMs) have lately been applied in transportation system traction drives, particularly in the intermediate speed range. This is because they have merits, such as the ability to exert thrust on the secondary without mechanical contact, high acceleration or deceleration, less wheel wear, small turning circle radius, and flexible road line. The theory of operation for these machines can be directly derived from rotary induction motors (RIMs). However, while the cut-open primary magnetic circuit has many inherent characteristics of the RIM equivalent circuits, several issues involving the transversal edge and longitudinal end effects and the half-filled slots at the primary ends need to be investigated. In this paper, a T-model equivalent circuit is proposed which is based on the 1-D magnetic equations of the air gap, where half-filled slots are considered by an equivalent pole number. Among the main five parameters, namely, the primary resistance, primary leakage inductance, mutual inductance, secondary resistance, and secondary inductance, the mutual inductance and the secondary resistance are influenced by the edge and end effects greatly, which can be revised by four relative coefficients, i.e., Kr, Kx, Cr, and Cx. Moreover, two-axis equivalent circuits (dq or αβ) according to the T-model equivalent circuit are obtained using the power conversion rule, which are analogous with those of the RIM in a two-axis coordinate system. The linear induction motor dynamic performance, particularly the mutual inductance and the secondary resistance, can be analyzed by the four coefficients. Experimental verification indicates that both the T-model and the new two-axis circuits are reasonable for describing the steady and dynamic performance of the SLIM. These two models can provide good guidance for the electromagnetic design and control scheme implementation for SLIM applications.

Xu, XX, Nie, FL, Zhang, JX, Zheng, W, Zheng, YF, Hu, C & Yang, G 2010, 'Corrosion and ion release behavior of ultra-fine grained bulk pure copper fabricated by ECAP in Hanks solution as potential biomaterial for contraception', Materials Letters, vol. 64, no. 4, pp. 524-527.
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Yan Hai-Feng, Yu Zhong-Yuan, Tian Hong-Da, Liu Yu-Min & Han Li-Hong 2010, 'Investigation on propagation and nonlinearity of an octagonal photonic crystal fiber', Acta Physica Sinica, vol. 59, no. 5, pp. 3273-3273.
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The finite element method is used to investigate the propagation and nonlinearity of octagonal photonic crystal fibers of total internal reflection type. We changed the structural parameters of the fibers and obtained the curves of relations about the propagation and nonlinearity. At last, we found another structure of photonic crystal fiber. It is demonstrated that it is possible to design a low-loss dispersion-flattened PCF at 1.55 micrometer wavelength. © 2010 Chin. Phys. Soc.

Yan, J, Lee, JE-Y & Seshia, AA 2010, 'Transduction Dependent Optimization of Electromechanical Parameters for Electrostatically Actuated MEMS/NEMS Resonators', Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, vol. 10, no. 11, pp. 7533-7536.
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Yan, Z, Wen, B, Wang, C, Huang, J & Huang, X 2010, 'Phase-coded interrupted continuous waves analysis, parameters design and processor design', IEICE Electronics Express, vol. 7, no. 19, pp. 1441-1446.
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Yang Wang 2010, 'Joint Random Field Model for All-Weather Moving Vehicle Detection', IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 19, no. 9, pp. 2491-2501.
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Yang, J, Wen, B, Zhang, C, Huang, X, Yan, Z & Shen, W 2010, 'A bistatic HF radar for surface current mapping', IEICE Electronics Express, vol. 7, no. 19, pp. 1435-1440.
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Yang, X, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2010, 'Adaptive pruning algorithm for least squares support vector machine classifier', SOFT COMPUTING, vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 667-680.
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As a new version of support vector machine (SVM), least squares SVM (LS-SVM) involves equality instead of inequality constraints and works with a least squares cost function. A well-known drawback in the LSSVM applications is that the sparseness is lost. In this paper, we develop an adaptive pruning algorithm based on the bottom-to-top strategy, which can deal with this drawback. In the proposed algorithm, the incremental and decremental learning procedures are used alternately and a small support vector set, which can cover most of the information in the training set, can be formed adaptively. Using this set, one can construct the final classifier. In general, the number of the elements in the support vector set is much smaller than that in the training set and a sparse solution is obtained. In order to test the efficiency of the proposed algorithm, we apply it to eight UCI datasets and one benchmarking dataset. The experimental results show that the presented algorithm can obtain adaptively the sparse solutions with losing a little generalization performance for the classification problems with no-noises or noises, and its training speed is much faster than sequential minimal optimization algorithm (SMO) for the large-scale classification problems with no-noises.

Yang, X, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2010, 'Adaptive pruning algorithm for least squares support vector machine classifier', Soft Computing, vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 667-680.
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As a new version of support vector machine (SVM), least squares SVM (LS-SVM) involves equality instead of inequality constraints and works with a least squares cost function. A well-known drawback in the LS-SVM applications is that the sparseness is lost. In this paper, we develop an adaptive pruning algorithm based on the bottom-to-top strategy, which can deal with this drawback. In the proposed algorithm, the incremental and decremental learning procedures are used alternately and a small support vector set, which can cover most of the information in the training set, can be formed adaptively. Using this set, one can construct the final classifier. In general, the number of the elements in the support vector set is much smaller than that in the training set and a sparse solution is obtained. In order to test the efficiency of the proposed algorithm, we apply it to eight UCI datasets and one benchmarking dataset. The experimental results show that the presented algorithm can obtain adaptively the sparse solutions with losing a little generalization performance for the classification problems with no-noises or noises, and its training speed is much faster than sequential minimal optimization algorithm (SMO) for the large-scale classification problems with no-noises. © Springer-Verlag 2009.

Yang, Y, Wu, F, Xu, D, Zhuang, Y & Chia, L-T 2010, 'Cross-media retrieval using query dependent search methods', Pattern Recognition, vol. 43, no. 8, pp. 2927-2936.
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Yang, Y, Zhuang, Y, Tao, D, Xu, D, Yu, J & Luo, J 2010, 'Recognizing Cartoon Image Gestures for Retrieval and Interactive Cartoon Clip Synthesis.', IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol., vol. 20, no. 12, pp. 1745-1756.
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In this paper, we propose a new method to recognize gestures of cartoon images with two practical applications, i.e., content-based cartoon image retrieval and interactive cartoon clip synthesis. Upon analyzing the unique properties of four types of features including global color histogram, local color histogram (LCH), edge feature (EF), and motion direction feature (MDF), we propose to employ different features for different purposes and in various phases. We use EF to define a graph and then refine its local structure by LCH. Based on this graph, we adopt a transductive learning algorithm to construct local patches for each cartoon image. A spectral method is then proposed to optimize the local structure of each patch and then align these patches globally. MDF is fused with EF and LCH and a cartoon gesture space is constructed for cartoon image gesture recognition. We apply the proposed method to content-based cartoon image retrieval and interactive cartoon clip synthesis. The experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.

Yanq, T, Kecrnan, V & Cao, L 2010, 'Classification by ALH-fast algorithm', Tsinghua Science and Technology, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 275-280.
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The adaptive local hyperplane (ALH) algorithm is a very recently proposed classifier, which has been shown to perform better than many other benchmarking classifiers including support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and K-local hyperplane distance nearest neighbor (HKNN) algorithms. Although the ALH algorithm is well formulated and despite the fact that it performs well in practice, its scalability over a very large data set is limited due to the online distance computations associated with all training instances. In this paper, a novel algorithm, called ALH-Fast and obtained by combining the classification tree algorithm and the ALH, is proposed to reduce the computational load of the ALH algorithm. The experiment results on two large data sets show that the ALH-Fast algorithm is both much faster and more accurate than the ALH algorithm.

Yi Yang, Dong Xu, Feiping Nie, Shuicheng Yan & Yueting Zhuang 2010, 'Image Clustering Using Local Discriminant Models and Global Integration', IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 19, no. 10, pp. 2761-2773.
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Ying, M 2010, 'Quantum computation, quantum theory and AI', ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, vol. 174, no. 2, pp. 162-176.
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The main purpose of this paper is to examine some (potential) applications of quantum computation in AI and to review the interplay between quantum theory and AI. For the readers who are not familiar with quantum computation, a brief introduction to it i

Yisgedu, TB, Chen, X, Lingam, HK, Huang, Z, Meyers, EA, Shore, SG & Zhao, J-C 2010, 'Intermolecular dihydrogen- and hydrogen-bonding interactions in diammoniumcloso-decahydrodecaborate sesquihydrate', Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications, vol. 66, no. 1, pp. m1-m3.
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Yongjian Li, Qingxin Yang, Jianguo Zhu, Zhiwei Lin, Youguang Guo & Jingfeng Sun 2010, 'Research of Three-Dimensional Magnetic Reluctivity Tensor Based on Measurement of Magnetic Properties', IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 1932-1935.
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In this paper, a method of studying the three-dimensional (3-D) reluctivity tensor by measuring 3-D vector magnetic properties of the soft magnetic composite (SMC) material is presented. The magnetic flux density B and magnetic field strength H loci under alternating and rotating magnetizations are measured by using an improved 3-D tester. The magnetic reluctivity tensor can be expressed by a second-order three-dimensional full rank matrix by means of the experimental results. Taking the off-diagonal elements into account can benefit to accurate numerical analysis of magnetic field in 3-D flux electrical machines.

Yu, N, Chitambar, E, Guo, C & Duan, R 2010, 'Tensor rank of the tripartite state vertical bar W >(circle times n)', PHYSICAL REVIEW A, vol. 81, no. 1, pp. 1-3.
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Tensor rank refers to the number of product states needed to express a given multipartite quantum state. Its nonadditivity as an entanglement measure has recently been observed. In this Brief Report, we estimate the tensor rank of multiple copies of the tripartite state |W=13(|100+|010+|001). Both an upper bound and a lower bound of this rank are derived. In particular, it is proven that the rank of |W 2 is 7, thus resolving a previously open problem. Some implications of this result are discussed in terms of transformation rates between |Wn and multiple copies of the state |GHZ=12(|000+|111). © 2010 The American Physical Society.

Yu, N, Duan, R & Ying, M 2010, 'Optimal simulation of a perfect entangler', PHYSICAL REVIEW A, vol. 81, no. 3, pp. 1-4.
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A2 circle times 2 unitary operation is called a perfect entangler if it can generate a maximally entangled state from some unentangled input. We study the following question: How many runs of a given two-qubit entangling unitary operation are required to

Yu, Y-H, Vo-Ky, C, Kodagoda, S & Ha, QP 2010, 'FPGA-Based Relative Distance Estimation for Indoor Robot Control Using Monocular Digital Camera', Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 714-721.
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Distance measurement methodologies based on the digital camera usually require time-consuming calibration procedures, some are even derived from complicated image processing algorithms resulting in low picture frame rates. In a dynamic camera system, due to the unpredictability of intrinsic and extrinsic parameters, odometric results are highly dependent on the quality of extra sensors. In this paper, a simple and efficient algorithm is proposed for relative distance estimation in robotic active vision by using a monocular digital camera. Accuracy of the estimation is achieved by judging the 2D perspective projection image ratio of the robot labels obtained on a TFT-LCD (Thin Film Transistor – Liquid Crystal Display) monitor without the need of any additional sensory cost and complicated calibration effort. Further, the proposed algorithm does not contain any trigonometric functions so that it can be easily implemented on an embedded system using the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technology. Experimental results are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique.

Zhai, X & Stewart, MG 2010, 'Structural reliability analysis of reinforced grouted concrete block masonry walls in compression', Engineering Structures, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 106-114.
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The safety and reliability of reinforced grouted concrete block masonry is not accurately known in China. The present paper develops a probabilistic model to calculate the structural reliability of typical reinforced grouted concrete block masonry walls designed to Chinese standards, loaded concentrically and eccentrically in compression. The effect of probability distribution of model error, material strengths, live load type, structural safety class, live-to-dead ratio, reinforcement ratio, discretization of wall thickness, eccentricity and load effect combination were considered when calculating the structural reliability of reinforced grouted concrete block masonry walls in compression. When using the recommended distribution of model error for typical structures the existing (design) safety levels were found to be close to the target reliability for concentric compression for second class safety grade structures which comprise the majority of building stock in China. However, the reliability-based code calibration showed that design loads could be increased and decreased by 13.6% and 16.7% for first and third class safety grade structures, respectively. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd.

Zhang, G & Lu, J 2010, 'Fuzzy bilevel programming with multiple objectives and cooperative multiple followers', JOURNAL OF GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 403-419.
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Classic bilevel programming deals with two level hierarchical optimization problems in which the leader attempts to optimize his/her objective, subject to a set of constraints and his/her followerâs solution. In modelling a real-world bilevel decision problem, some uncertain coefficients often appear in the objective functions and/or constraints of the leader and/or the follower. Also, the leader and the follower may have multiple conflicting objectives that should be optimized simultaneously. Furthermore, multiple followers may be involved in a decision problem and work cooperatively according to each of the possible decisions made by the leader, but with different objectives and/or constraints. Following our previous work, this study proposes a set of models to describe such fuzzy multi-objective, multi-follower (cooperative) bilevel programming problems. We then develop an approximation Kth-best algorithm to solve the problems.

Zhang, G, Lu, J, Montero, J & Zeng, Y 2010, 'Model, solution concept, and Kth-best algorithm for linear trilevel programming', INFORMATION SCIENCES, vol. 180, no. 4, pp. 481-492.
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Trilevel programming refers to hierarchical optimization problems in which the top-level, middle-level, and bottom-level decision entities all attempt to optimize their individual objectives, but are impacted by the actions and partial control exercised by decision entities located at other levels. To solve this complex problem, in this study first we propose the use of a general linear trilevel programming (LTLP) subsequently, we develop a trilevel Kth-best algorithm to solve LTLP problems. A user-friendly trilevel decision support tool is also developed. A case study further illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Zhang, H, Yuan, X, Jin, P-F, Hou, J-F, Wang, W, Wei, Y-J & Hu, S 2010, 'Alteration of Parasympathetic/Sympathetic Ratio in the Infarcted Myocardium After Schwann Cell Transplantation Modified Electrophysiological Function of Heart', Circulation, vol. 122, no. 11_suppl_1.
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Background— Neural remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) may cause fatal ventricular arrhythmia. Schwann cells (SCs), which are important for neurogenesis, are dramatically reduced after MI. We investigated the feasibility of modifying nervous system regeneration after MI and the efficacy by which it may prevent ventricular arrhythmia following SC transplantation. Methods and Results— Immediately after creation of MI, syngenic Lewis rats were randomized into cell transplantation (n=80) and control groups (n=72). SCs were isolated from sciatic nerves, and 5×10 6 cells were intramyocardially injected into the infarct region. Expression levels of myocardial nerve growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, growth-associated protein 43, connexin 43, and laminin in the SC group were significantly higher than control at 7 and 14 days after cell transplantation. Immunohistochemical staining illustrated increases in sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves in both groups. However, SC transplantation significantly increased the parasympathetic/sympathetic ratio at 14 days after cell injection. Dynamic electrocardiography and programmed electric stimulation were also performed. The SCs significantly decreased the low-/high-frequency ratio and arrhythmia score of programmed electric stimulation-induced ventricular arrhythmia at 2 weeks after cell injection. However, SCs did not restore heart function. Conclusion— Transplanted SCs in the infarcted myocardium secrete multiple biological molecules, which alter the ratio of par...

Zhang, J, Moog, CH & Xia, X 2010, 'Realization of multivariable nonlinear systems via the approaches of differential forms and differential algebra', Kybernetika, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 799-830.
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In this paper differential forms and differential algebra are applied to give a new definition of realization for multivariable nonlinear systems consistent with the linear realization theory. Criteria for the existence of realization and the definition of minimal realization are presented. The relations of minimal realization and accessibility and finally the computation of realizations are also discussed in this paper.

Zhang, R, Castel, A & François, R 2010, 'Concrete cover cracking with reinforcement corrosion of RC beam during chloride-induced corrosion process', Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 415-425.
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Zhang, RJ, Castel, A & François, R 2010, 'Effect of steel corrosion pattern on RC beam performance', Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Construction Materials, vol. 163, no. 2, pp. 97-108.
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Chloride-induced corrosion in reinforced concrete leads to a reduction of the steel cross-section and deterioration of the steel–concrete bond. In this paper, experimental results are presented in order to clarify the respective influence of these degradations on beam serviceability (deflection). Pitting corrosion simulations were performed and two naturally corroded beams (14 and 23 years old) were analysed. Corrosion simulations have shown that the reduction in steel cross-section due to local pitting corrosion does not affect serviceability. Increased deflection is due to deterioration of the steel-concrete bond (reduction of concrete tension stiffening). Experimental results obtained on two corroded beams broken and analysed after 14 years and 23 years of chloride exposure showed that, during the natural chloride-induced corrosion process, the corrosion pattern evolves in relation to the corrosion cracking. Localised pitting corrosion is responsible for the initiation of corrosion cracking. Then, as the width of the cracks develops, general corrosion becomes gradually the main corrosion pattern. According to these experimental results, a mechanical model is proposed for serviceability assessment, which takes into account the evolution of the corrosion pattern from local pitting corrosion to general reinforcement corrosion.

Zhang, T, Zhang, G, Ma, J & Lu, J 2010, 'Power Distribution System Planning Evaluation by a Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Group Decision Support System', International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 474-474.
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Zhang, T, Zhang, G, Ma, J & Lu, J 2010, 'Power Distribution System Planning Evaluation by a Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Group Decision Support System', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 474-485.
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The evaluation of solutions is an important phase in power distribution system planning (PDSP) which allows issues such as quality of supply, cost, social service and environmental implications to be considered and usually involves the judgments of a group of experts. The planning problem is thus suitable for the multi-criteria group decision-making (MCGDM) method. The evaluation process and evaluation criteria often involve uncertainties incorporated in quantitative analysis with crisp values and qualitative judgments with linguistic terms; therefore, fuzzy sets techniques are applied in this study. This paper proposes a fuzzy multi-criteria group decision-making (FMCGDM) method for PDSP evaluation and applies a fuzzy multi-criteria group decision support system (FMCGDSS) to support the evaluation task. We introduce a PDSP evaluation model, which has evaluation criteria within three levels, based on the characteristics of a power distribution system. A case-based example is performed on a test distribution network and demonstrates how all the problems in a PDSP evaluation are addressed using FMCGDSS. The results are acceptable to expert evaluators.

Zhang, X, Jiang, Z, Wei, D, Liu, X & Wang, G 2010, 'Analysis of Casting Roll during Twin-Roll Thin Strip Casting', STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL, vol. 81, no. 9, pp. 138-141.
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In twin-roll thin strip casting, the temperature of a casting roll affects the roll thermal stress, and influences the thermal deformation, the generation of roll surface cracks, the strip shape and the service life of the casting roll. In this paper, the features of the clad materials of the casting roll have been analysed, the effect of the clad thickness on the temperature field and thermal stress of casting roll has been simulated and discussed. The results show that the thick clad results in the increase of thermal resistance and then causes higher surface temperature of the clad layer, but lower temperature of copper roll sleeve. The heat expansion of the clad layer increases when the clad thickness decreases. The developed temperature model of the casting roll is helpful in optimising the design of the casting roll during twin-roll thin strip casting.

Zhang, Y, Lin, X, Yuan, Y, Kitsuregawa, M, Zhou, X & Yu, JW 2010, 'Duplicate-Insensitive Order Statistics Computation over Data Streams', IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 493-507.
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Duplicates in data streams may often be observed by the projection on a subspace and/or multiple recordings of objects. Without the uniqueness assumption on observed data elements, many conventional aggregates computation problems need to be further investigated due to their duplication-sensitive nature. In this paper, we present novel, space-efficient, one-scan algorithms to continuously maintain duplicate-insensitive order sketches so that rank-based queries can be approximately processed with a relative rank error guarantee \epsilon in the presence of data duplicates. Besides the space efficiency, the proposed algorithms are time-efficient and highly accurate. Moreover, our techniques may be immediately applied to the heavy hitter problem against distinct elements and to the existing fault-tolerant distributed communication techniques. A comprehensive performance study demonstrates that our algorithms can support real-time computation against high-speed data streams. © 2010 IEEE.

Zhang, Z, Fu, Q & Huang, J 2010, 'A Simple Way for Synthesis of Alkyne‐Telechelic Poly(methyl methacrylate) via Single Electron Transfer Radical Coupling Reaction', Chinese Journal of Chemistry, vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 1327-1330.
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AbstractThe telechelic α,ω‐alkyne‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (alkyne‐PMMA‐alkyne) was synthesized by single electron transfer radical coupling (SETRC) reaction of α‐alkyne, ω‐bromine‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (alkyne‐ PMMA‐Br). The propargyl 2‐bomoisobutyrate (PgBiB) was first prepared to initiate atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methyl methacrylate at 45°C using CuCl/1,1,4,7,10,10‐hexamethyl triethylenetetramine (HMTETA) as homogeneous catalytic system. Then the SETRC reaction was conducted at room temperature in the presence of nascent Cu(0) and N,N,N′,N′ ′,N′ ′‐pentamethyldiethyllenetriamine (PMDETA). The precursor alkyne‐PMMA‐Br and coupled product alkyne‐PMMA‐alkyne were characterized by GPC and 1H NMR in detail.

Zhang, Z, Kodagoda, S, Ruiz, D, Katupitiya, J & Dissanayake, G 2010, 'Classification of Bidens in wheat farms', International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology, vol. 39, no. 1/2/3, pp. 123-123.
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Zhang, Z, Kodagoda, S, Ruiz, D, Katupitiya, J & Dissanayake, G 2010, 'Classification of Bidens in wheat farms', International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology, vol. 39, no. 1-3, pp. 123-129.
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Bidens pilosa L. (commonly known as cobbler’s peg) is an annual broad leaf weed widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world and is reported to be a weed of 31 crops, including wheat. Automatic detection of Bidens in wheat farms is a non-trivial problem due to their similarity in colour and presence of occlusions. This paper proposes a methodology which could be used to discriminate Bidens from wheat to be used in operations such as autonomous weed destruction. A spectrometer is used to analyse the optical properties of Bidens and wheat leaves while achieving high classification results. However, due to the practical constraints of using spectrometers, a colour camera-based technique is proposed. It is shown that the colour-based segmentation followed by shape-based validation algorithm gives rise to high detection rates with lower false detections. We have experimentally evaluated the algorithm with Bidens detection rate of 80% and a false alarm rate of 10%. © 2010 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Zhao, B-H, Mu, Y, Dong, F, Ni, B-J, Zhao, J-B, Sheng, G-P, Yu, H-Q, Li, Y-Y & Harada, H 2010, 'Dynamic Modeling the Anaerobic Reactor Startup Process', Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 49, no. 16, pp. 7193-7200.
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Zhao, HY, Xu, XX, Zhang, JX, Zheng, W & Zheng, YF 2010, 'Carbon nanotube–hydroxyapatite–hemoglobin nanocomposites with high bioelectrocatalytic activity', Bioelectrochemistry, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 124-129.
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Zhao, L & Li, J 2010, 'Mining for the antibody-antigen interacting associations that predict the B cell epitopes', BMC Structural Biology, vol. 10, no. Suppl 1, pp. S6-S6.
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Background. Predicting B-cell epitopes is very important for designing vaccines and drugs to fight against the infectious agents. However, due to the high complexity of this problem, previous prediction methods that focus on linear and conformational epitope prediction are both unsatisfactory. In addition, antigen interacting with antibody is context dependent and the coarse binary classification of antigen residues into epitope and non-epitope without the corresponding antibody may not reveal the biological reality. Therefore, we take a novel way to identify epitopes by using associations between antibodies and antigens. Results. Given a pair of antibody-antigen sequences, the epitope residues can be identified by two types of associations: paratope-epitope interacting biclique and cooccurrent pattern of interacting residue pairs. As the association itself does not include the neighborhood information on the primary sequence, residues' cooperativity and relative composition are then used to enhance our method. Evaluation carried out on a benchmark data set shows that the proposed method produces very good performance in terms of accuracy. After compared with other two structure-based B-cell epitope prediction methods, results show that the proposed method is competitive to, sometimes even better than, the structure-based methods which have much smaller applicability scope. Conclusions. The proposed method leads to a new way of identifying B-cell epitopes. Besides, this antibody-specified epitope prediction can provide more precise and helpful information for wet-lab experiments. © 2010 Li and Zhao; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Zhao, Y-S, Liu, Z-F, Cai, L-G, Yang, W-T, Yang, J & Luo, Z 2010, 'Study of control for the automated clutch of an automated manual transmission vehicle based on rapid control prototyping', Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, vol. 224, no. 4, pp. 475-487.
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Owing to external disturbances, parameter uncertainty, and measurement noise, it has been a challenging task to develop an appropriate controller for the automated clutch system. This paper proposes a new method for electromechanical clutch position control systems. First, a non-linear dynamic model for the screw-nut actuator associated with a clutch is derived, and then a dynamic sliding-mode controller with fuzzy adaptive tuning is developed. The fuzzy adaptive tuning arithmetic is used to improve the robustness and stability of the controller. At the same time, the chattering phenomenon is alleviated by adopting the proposed controller. Based on dSPACE and MATLAB—Simulink, the rapid control prototyping of the automated clutch is used as a method to demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed algorithm.

Zheng, W, Zhao, HY, Zhang, JX, Zhou, HM, Xu, XX, Zheng, YF, Wang, YB, Cheng, Y & Jang, BZ 2010, 'A glucose/O2 biofuel cell base on nanographene platelet-modified electrodes', Electrochemistry Communications, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 869-871.
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Zheng, W, Zhao, HY, Zhou, HM, Xu, XX, Ding, MH & Zheng, YF 2010, 'Electrochemistry of bilirubin oxidase at carbon nanotubes', Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 249-254.
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Zhong, W, Pan, W, Kwok, JT & Tsang, IW 2010, 'Incorporating the Loss Function Into Discriminative Clustering of Structured Outputs', IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, vol. 21, no. 10, pp. 1564-1575.
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Clustering using the Hilbert Schmidt independence criterion (CLUHSIC) is a recent clustering algorithm that maximizes the dependence between cluster labels and data observations according to the Hilbert Schmidt independence criterion (HSIC). It is unique in that structure information on the cluster outputs can be easily utilized in the clustering process. However, while the choice of the loss function is known to be very important in supervised learning with structured outputs, we will show in this paper that CLUHSIC is implicitly using the often inappropriate zero-one loss. We propose an extension called CLUHSICAL (which stands for Clustering using HSIC and loss) which explicitly considers both the output dependency and loss function. Its optimization problem has the same form as CLUHSIC, except that its partition matrix is constructed in a different manner. Experimental results on a number of datasets with structured outputs show that CLUHSICAL often outperforms CLUHSIC in terms of both structured loss and clustering accuracy.

Zhu, Y, Yang, D & Ma, H 2010, 'One-step fabrication of porous polymeric microcage via electrified jetting', Nanoscale, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 910-910.
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Zhu, Z, Guo, Y-F, Zhu, X & Xue, X 2010, 'Normalized dimensionality reduction using nonnegative matrix factorization', Neurocomputing, vol. 73, no. 10-12, pp. 1783-1793.
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In this paper, we propose an iterative normalized compression method for dimensionality reduction using non-negative matrix factorization (NCMF). To factorize the instance matrix X into C×M, an objective function is defined to impose the normalization constraints to the basis matrix C and the coefficient matrix M. We argue that in many applications, instances are often normalized in one way or the other. By integrating data normalization constraints into the objective function and transposing the instance matrix, one can directly discover relations among different dimensions and devise effective and efficient procedure for matrix factorization. In the paper, we assume that feature dimensions in instance matrix are normalized, and propose an iterative solution NCMF to achieve rapid matrix factorization for dimensionality reduction. As a result, the basis matrix can be viewed as a compression matrix and the coefficient matrix becomes a mapping matrix. NCMF is simple, effective, and only needs to initialize the mapping matrix. Experimental comparisons on text, biological and image data demonstrate that NCMF gains 21.02% computational time reduction, 39.60% sparsity improvement for mapping matrix, and 8.59% clustering accuracy improvement. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.

Zihlif, M, Catchpoole, DR, Stewart, BW & Wakelin, LPG 2010, 'Effects of DNA minor groove binding agents on global gene expression', Cancer Genomics and Proteomics, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 323-330.
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The capacity of two minor groove binding agents that differ in their DNA sequence selectivity to modulate gene expression in human leukaemia cells was investigated. The chosen compounds were the chromomycin A3, a GC selective minor groove binder, and alkamin, an AT selective minor groove binder. As revealed by DNA microarray analysis of 6000 genes, at equitoxic doses, 5×IC 50 values for growth inhibition, the two drugs disturbed transcription, resulting in both up- and down-regulation of many hundreds of genes, 24 h after drug exposure. Direct comparisons between the most affected genes and also the cluster analysis indicated a relatively low degree of similarity between the tow expression profiles. Moreover, the ontological and the pathway responses also indicated a distinguished biological responses. Chromomycin treatment was characterized by many negative impacts on the important cellular functions and by the activation for those functions that usually take the cells towards apoptosis. In the second biological profile, the domination of many positive functions might indicate that the cells were attempting to overcome and repair the alkamin assault. Examples of these functions are positive regulation of gene expression, positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic processes, the cell cycle pathway and DNA repair.

Zong, Y, Li, M-C, Xu, G-D & Zhang, Y-C 2010, 'High Dimensional Clustering Algorithm Based on Local Significant Units', Journal of Electronics & Information Technology, vol. 32, no. 11, pp. 2707-2712.
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High dimensional clustering algorithm based on equal or random width density grid cannot guarantee high quality clustering results in complicated data sets. In this paper, a High dimensional Clustering algorithm based on Local Significant Unit (HC_LSU) is proposed to deal with this problem, based on the kernel estimation and spatial statistical theory. Firstly, a structure, namely Local Significant Unit (LSU) is introduced by local kernel density estimation and spatial statistical test; secondly, a greedy algorithm named Greedy Algorithm for LSU (GA_LSU) is proposed to quickly find out the local significant units in the data set; and eventually, the single-linkage algorithm is run on the local significant units with the same attribute subset to generate the clustering results. Experimental results on 4 synthetic and 6 real world data sets showed that the proposed high-dimensional clustering algorithm, HC_LSU, could effectively find out high quality clustering results from the highly complicated data sets.

Zong, Y, Xu, G, Zhang, Y, Jiang, H & Li, M 2010, 'A robust iterative refinement clustering algorithm with smoothing search space', Knowledge-Based Systems, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 389-396.
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Iterative refinement clustering algorithms are widely used in data mining area, but they are sensitive to the initialization. In the past decades, many modified initialization methods have been proposed to reduce the influence of initialization sensitivity problem. The essence of iterative refinement clustering algorithms is the local search method. The big numbers of the local minimum points which are embedded in the search space make the local search problem hard and sensitive to the initialization. The smaller number of local minimum points, the more robust of initialization for a local search algorithm is. In this paper, we propose a TopDown Clustering algorithm with Smoothing Search Space (TDCS3) to reduce the influence of initialization. The main steps of TDCS3 are to: (1) dynamically reconstruct a series of smoothed search spaces into a hierarchical structure by `filling the local minimum points; (2) at the top level of the hierarchical structure, an existing iterative refinement clustering algorithm is run with random initialization to generate the clustering result; (3) eventually from the second level to the bottom level of the hierarchical structure, the same clustering algorithm is run with the initialization derived from the previous clustering result. Experiment results on 3 synthetic and 10 real world data sets have shown that TDCS3 has significant effects on finding better, robust clustering result and reducing the impact of initialization.

Abbo, AJ, Sheng, DC & Sloan, SW 1970, 'Applications of Adaptive Time Stepping in Analysis of Biot Consolidation', Soil Behavior and Geo-Micromechanics, GeoShanghai International Conference 2010, American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 8-13.
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The accuracy of finite element solutions for the consolidation of porous media is influenced by the number and size of the time increments used in the analysis. A solution algorithm for adaptively selecting time increments for the solution of elastic and elastoplastic coupled consolidation problems in finite element analysis has been developed by Sloan and Abbo (1999). By treating the governing consolidation relations as a system of 1st-order differential equations their algorithm utilized subincrementation to automatically adjust the size of time increments used in the analysis. Unlike other time stepping schemes, the procedure adjusts the time increments in order to control the error due to time stepping to lie near a specified tolerance. The algorithm was shown to be robust and to provide an efficient method for the solution of consolidation problems. In this paper the efficiency of the algorithm is further demonstrated through the analysis of the construction of an embankment on a deep layer of soft soil. The time increments required for the efficient and accurate analysis of the consolidation of porous media are shown to differ by orders of magnitude. © 2010 ASCE.

Abed, HE, Margner, V & Blumenstein, M 1970, 'International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (ICFHR 2010) - Competitions Overview', 2010 12th International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, 2010 International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (ICFHR), IEEE, pp. 703-708.
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The great success and high number of participants in pattern recognition related competitions last years show an important improvement of recognition and classification approaches. This success is unconceivable without the availability of huge datasets of real world data. We have invited for proposals for competitions to be held in the framework of the 12th International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (ICFHR2010). These competitions should aim at evaluating the performance of algorithms and methods for a particular task of Handwriting Recognition. Eight different teams composed of more than one group have submitted their proposals. The subjects of these propositions cover the field of research of handwriting recognition from pre-processing over handwritten document analysis to handwriting text/word recognition. These competitions represent an overview of current research topics and frontiers in handwriting document analysis and recognition. Only 5 competitions have received enough participants (we have defined the threshold to 3 systems) to present their evaluation at the ICFHR 2010. This paper presents the 8 competition proposals with lists of competition organizers and lists of participating systems and approaches. © 2010 IEEE.

Abeysuriya, K, Fam, DM, Hagare, P & Williams, J 1970, 'Transitioning to sustainable sanitation through cross disciplinary, practice-based research: an on-campus pilot of urine diversion at UTS', The 10th international conference of Australasian campuses towards sustainability (ACTS Inc): connecting curriculum and campus, International conference of Australasian campuses towards sustainability, RMIT, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1-8.
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Waterborne sanitation using flushing toilets and sewer networks has been recognised as the most important medical milestone for its transformational impact on urban public health since the 19th century (Ferriman 2007). While this model of urban sanitation has become the accepted norm for the industrialised world, its cost and resource-intensive nature is increasingly recognised as unsustainable. Several alternative models offering improved sustainability through greater material efficiency have emerged (West 2003). One of these is urine diversion (UD), the topic of this paper.

Adeli, A & Neshat, M 1970, 'A Fuzzy Expert System for heart disease diagnosis', Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2010, IMECS 2010, pp. 134-139.
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The aim of this study is to design a Fuzzy Expert System for heart disease diagnosis. The designed system based on the V.A. Medical Center, Long Beach and Cleveland Clinic Foundation data base. The system has 13 input fields and one output field. Input fields are chest pain type, blood pressure, cholesterol, resting blood sugar, maximum heart rate, resting electrocardiography (ECG), exercise, old peak (ST depression induced by exercise relative to rest), thallium scan, sex and age. The output field refers to the presence of heart disease in the patient. It is integer valued from 0 (no presence) to 4 (distinguish presence (values 1, 2, 3, 4)). This system uses Mamdani inference method. The results obtained from designed system are compared with the data in upon database and observed results of designed system are correct in 94%. The system designed in Matlab software. The system can be viewed as an alternative for existing methods to distinguish of heart disease presence.

Aguilera, RP & Quevedo, DE 1970, 'On stability of Finite Control Set MPC strategy for Multicell Converters', 2010 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology, 2010 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology, IEEE, pp. 1277-1282.
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Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control has emerged as a promising control technique for Power Converters due to the fact that the inherent non-linearity of these systems can be taken into account. In addition, this strategy directly provides the switching action to be applied to the converter; consequently, additional modulation stages are not required. Despite these advantages, stability for this class of predictive control technique remains as an open problem. In the present work, we provide insights into the closed-loop stability for the Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control. As an illustrative example, we apply these stability guidelines to a Multicell Converter. ©2010 IEEE.

Ahmad, A, Huang, S & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Accurate large-scale bearing-only SLAM by map joining', Proceedings of the 2010 Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, ACRA 2010, Proceedings of the Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, pp. 1-10.
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This paper presents a bearing-only SLAM algorithm that generates accurate and consistent maps of large environments by joining a series of small local maps. The local maps are built by least squares optimization with a proper landmark initialization technique. The local maps are then combined to build global map using Iterated Sparse Local Submap Joining Filter (I-SLSJF). The accuracy and consistency of the proposed algorithm is evaluated using simulation data sets. The algorithm is also tested using the DLR-Spatial-Cognition data set and the preprocessed Victoria Park data where the range information is ignored. The global map results are very similar to the result of full least squares optimization starting with very accurate initial values. As I-SLSJF is able to join a given set of local maps and associated uncertainties efficiently without any information loss, these results demonstrate that focusing on generating accurate local maps is a promising direction for solving large-scale bearing-only SLAM problems.

Al- Hassan, MW, Lu, H & Lu, J 1970, 'A FRAMEWORK FOR DELIVERING PERSONALIZED E-GOVERNMENT TOURISM SERVICES', Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Web Information Systems and Technology, 6th International Conference on Web Information Systems and Technologies, SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, Valencia, Spain, pp. 263-270.
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E-government (e-Gov) has become one of the most important parts of government strategies. Significant efforts have been devoted to e-Gov tourism services in many countries because tourism is one of the major profitable industries. However, the current e-Gov tourism services are limited to simple online presentation of tourism information. Intelligent e-Gov tourism services, such as the personalized e-Gov (Pe-Gov) tourism services, are highly desirable for helping users decide âwhere to go, and what to do/see❠amongst massive number of destinations and enormous attractiveness and activities. This paper proposes a framework of Pe-Gov tourism services using recommender system techniques and semantic ontology. This framework has the potential to enable tourism information seekers to locate the most interesting destinations with the most suitable activities with the least search efforts. Its workflow and some outstanding features are depicted with an example.

AlAamri, H, Abolhasan, M, Wysocki, T & Lipman, J 1970, 'On Optimising Route Discovery for Multi-interface and Power-Aware Nodes in Heterogeneous MANETs', 2010 6th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications, 2010 6th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications (ICWMC), IEEE, Valencia, pp. 244-249.
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This paper presents a new routing discovery strategy for heterogeneous MANETs. Node heterogeneity is modeled in terms of: types and number of different interfaces, power, and transmission ranges. Our proposed route discovery algorithm is implemented on the top of On-demand Tree-based Routing Protocol (OTRP) and hence it is called OTRP Heterogeneity-Aware (OTRP-HA). OTRP-HA utilizes node heterogeneity and optimizes route discovery to reduce overheads and ensures connectivities between different types of nodes with different interfaces. Each node makes its own decision to participate in the route discovery process according to its location, local density, and available resources. Simulation results show that OTRP-HA outperforms OTRP and AODV and it reduces overheads as a number of nodes and traffic increase, while it also further prolongs the lifetime of battery-powered single-interface nodes when compared to AODV. © 2010 IEEE.

Alqahtani, A, Lu, H & Lu, J 1970, 'Towards Semantic-Aware and Ontology-Based e-Government Service Integration - An Applicative Case Study of Saudi Arabia's King Abdullah Scholarship Program', ADVANCES IN INTELLIGENT DECISION TECHNOLOGIES, The Second KES International Symposium IDT, Springer-Verlag, Baltimore, USA, pp. 403-411.
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By improving the quality of e-government services by enabling access to services across different government agencies through one portal, services integration plays a key role in e-government development. This paper proposes a conceptual framework of ontology based e-government service integration, using Saudi Arabia's King Abdullah Scholarship Program (SAKASP) as a case study. SAKASP is a multi-domain program in which students must collect information from various Ministries to complete applications and the administering authority must verify the information supplied by the Ministries. The current implementation of SAKASP is clumsy because it is a mixture of online submission and manual collection and verification of information; its time-consuming and tedious procedures are inconvenient for the applicants and inefficient for the administrators. The proposed framework provides an integrated service by employing semantic web service (SWS) and ontology, improving the current implementation of SAKASP by automatically collecting and processing the related information for a given application. The article includes a typical scenario that demonstrates the workflow of the framework. This framework is applicable to other multi-domain e-government services.

Anaissi, A, Kennedy, PJ & Goyal, M 1970, 'A framework for high dimensional data reduction in the microarray domain', 2010 IEEE Fifth International Conference on Bio-Inspired Computing: Theories and Applications (BIC-TA), 2010 IEEE Fifth International Conference on Bio-Inspired Computing: Theories and Applications (BIC-TA), IEEE, Changsha, China, pp. 903-907.
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Microarray analysis and visualization is very helpful for biologists and clinicians to understand gene expression in cells and to facilitate diagnosis and treatment of patients. However, a typical microarray dataset has thousands of features and a very small number of observations. This very high dimensional data has a massive amount of information which often contains some noise, non-useful information and small number of relevant features for disease or genotype. This paper proposes a framework for very high dimensional data reduction based on three technologies: feature selection, linear dimensionality reduction and non-linear dimensionality reduction. In this paper, feature selection based on mutual information will be proposed for filtering features and selecting the most relevant features with the minimum redundancy. A kernel linear dimensionality reduction method is also used to extract the latent variables from a high dimensional data set. In addition, a non-linear dimensionality reduction based on local linear embedding is used to reduce the dimension and visualize the data. Experimental results are presented to show the outputs of each step and the efficiency of this framework.

Anand, S, Engelbrecht, A & McGloin, D 1970, 'Generation of optofluidic microchannels in ice', SPIE Proceedings, SPIE Photonics Europe, SPIE.
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Apkarian, P & Tuan, HD 1970, 'Nonsmooth &#x03BC; synthesis', 2010 11th International Conference on Control Automation Robotics & Vision, Vision (ICARCV 2010), IEEE, Singapore, SINGAPORE, pp. 917-922.
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Ardalany, M, Deam, B, Fragiacomo, M & Crews, K 1970, 'Tension perpendicular to grain strength of wood, Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) and Cross-Banded LVL (LVL-C)', Incorporating Sustainable Practice in Mechanics of Structures and Materials - Proceedings of the 21st Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials (ACMSM21), Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, CRC Press, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 891-896.
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Recent experimental tests carried out on structural timber members have highlighted the importance of tension perpendicular to grain strength, particularly in beams with holes and notches, in connection regions, in curved beams, and in post-tensioned timber frames, Innovative engineered wood products such as Cross Banded Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL-C) have been introduced into the market specifically to improve the perpendicular to grain properties of normal Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL), This paper reports on tests that were performed at the University of Canterbury using specimens of sawn timber Radiata Pine, LVL and LVL-C. The perpendicular to grain tension strengths of LVL was generally lower than those for sawn timber, but the LVL-C showed a significantly improved strength. The paper also compares the experimental results with strengths predicted using both coupled elastic Finite Element Method (FEM) and Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) models. These models were found to predict the average strength with reasonable accuracy.

Azadeh, A, Neshat, N & Saberi, M 1970, 'An intelligent approach for improved predictive control of spray drying process', 2010 IEEE 14th International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems, 2010 IEEE 14th International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems, IEEE, pp. 127-136.
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A flexible meta modelling approach is presented to predictive control of a drying process using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis. In the proposed approach, the PLS analysis is used to pre-process actual data and to provide the necessary background to apply ANN and ANFIS approaches. A reasonable section of this study is assigned to the modelling with aim at predicting the granule particle size and executing by ANFIS and ANN. ANN hold the promise of being capable of producing non-linear models, being able to work under noise conditions and being fault tolerant to the loss of neurons or connections. Also, the ANFIS approach combines the advantages of fuzzy system and artificial neural network to design architecture and is capable of dealing with both limitation and complexity in the data set. The efficiencies of ANFIS and ANN approaches in prediction are compared and the superior approach is selected. Finally, by deploying the preferred approach, several scenarios are presented to estimate the predictive control of spray drying as an accurate, fast running and inexpensive tool. This is the first study that presents a flexible intelligent approach for predictive control of drying process by ANN, ANFIS and PLS. The approach of this study may be easily applied to other drying process. © 2010 IEEE.

Babar, A, Zowghi, D & Chew, E 1970, 'Using goals to model strategy map for business IT alignment', CEUR Workshop Proceedings, International Workshop on Business/IT Alignment and Interoperability, CEUR-WS.org/WorldPress, Hammamet, Tunisia, pp. 16-30.
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Strategy Map (SM) is one of the widely used methods to create business aligned IT strategy map providing valuable insights to business executives. However, problem with strategy map method is that it is not easy to use which can lend itself to various interpretations. This is because linkages between the strategic objectives in the four strategy map perspectives are not explicit which makes SM ambiguous. Goal modelling approaches from Requirements Engineering (RE) have proven rigorous in elicitation and representation of information system requirements. In an attempt to make explicit the causal relationships of SM linkages meaningful this research proposes the use of goal modelling approach i*.

Baig, D-E-Z, Su, H, Cheng, TM, Savkin, AV, Su, SW, Celler, BG & IEEE 1970, 'Modeling of Human Heart Rate Response during Walking, Cycling and Rowing', 2010 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC), IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual Conference, The Printing House, Inc., Buenos Aires, Argentina, pp. 2553-2556.
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The aim of this paper is to study the human Heart Rate (HR) response during walking, cycling and rowing exercises using linear time varying (LTV) models. We used the frequency of exercise locomotion as the input to the model. This frequency characterizes the stride rate, cadence rate and strokes rate of the walking, cycling and rowing exercises respectively. The time varying parameters in the LTV models were estimated by the Kalman Filter (KF). The results in this study demonstrate that HR responses to these exercises exhibit some degree of time varying nature. © 2010 IEEE.

Bakker, S, van den Berg, R, Pijnappel, S & van den Hoven, E 1970, 'Sounds Like Home: Sonification and Physical Interaction in the Periphery and Center of the Attention', Proceedings of ISon 2010 - Interactive Sonification Workshop: Human Interaction with Auditory Displays, ISon 2010 3rd International Interactive Sonification Workshop, KTH School of Computer Science and Communication (CSC), Stockholm, Sweden, pp. 55-58.
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Our auditory perception skills enable us to selectively place one auditory channel in the center of our attention and simultaneously monitor others in the periphery of our attention. In this paper, we present and discuss two design cases that explore the design of physical interactive systems that leverage this perception skill to unobtrusively communicate relevant information. Sounds are mechanically generated by these systems, which strengthens the coupling between signification and physical interface. Both resulting designs are aimed to be used in a home environment.

Bakker, S, van den Hoven, E & Eggen, B 1970, 'Exploring Interactive Systems Using Peripheral Sounds', HAPTIC AND AUDIO INTERACTION DESIGN, The 5th InternationalWorkshop on Haptic and Audio Interaction Design, Springer-Verlag, Copenhagen, Denmark., pp. 55-64.
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Our everyday interaction in and with the physical world, has facilitated the development of auditory perception skills that enable us to selectively place one auditory channel in the center of our attention and simultaneously monitor others in the periphery. We search for ways to leverage these auditory perception skills in interactive systems. In this paper, we present three working demonstrators that use sound to subtly convey information to users in an open office. To qualitatively evaluate these demonstrators, each of them has been implemented in an office for three weeks. We have seen that such a period of time, sounds can start shifting from the center to the periphery of the attention. Furthermore, we found several issues to be addressed when designing such systems, which can inform future work in this area.

Balasubramanian, V & Hoang, DB 1970, 'Availability measure model for Assistive Care Loop Framework using wireless sensor networks', 2010 Sixth International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing, 2010 Sixth International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing (ISSNIP), IEEE, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 281-286.
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Nowadays, body area wireless sensor networks (BAWSNs) applications are increasingly being used in in-house health monitoring systems. These applications have stringent timing requirements and often run continuously without interruptions. Hence, it becomes imperative to determine the operational continuity of the BAWSN applications by measuring their availability. The BAWSN applications rely on the collection of data within a critical time from all of the source sensor nodes rather than the data from an individual source. Subsequently, the measure of availability for a BAWSN application should be based on the time and the data delivery from all the sensor nodes. Taking into account these specific characteristics and the constraints of the BAWSN, we develop a model to measure the availability of a BAWSN application based on the unavailable time. The proposed model is evaluated through a series of experiments conducted in our existing Assistive Care Loop Framework (ACLF). Furthermore, we also develop an analogous theoretical model to evaluate the availability of a BAWSN application.

Ball, JE & Ara, J 1970, 'Improvements and application of 1D river network transient flow model with Junction Water Stage Iteration Method', Environmental Hydraulics - Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Environmental Hydraulics, International Symposium On Environmental Hydraulics, CRC Press, Athens, Greece, pp. 1031-1036.
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Within Australia, Gross Pollutant Traps (GPTs) have been installed in many stormwater drainage networks to improve the storm water quality before its discharge into receiving waters. These GPTs operate by filtering gross pollutants from the stormwater. In many GPTs these filtered pollutants are held within a wet sump until their removal. A significant fraction of the trapped litter can be classified as leaf litter. Before removal, this leaf litter may decay and hence has the potential to release nutrients into the stormwater. Therefore, nutrient management in stormwater needs to consider leaf litter decay trapped in GPTs. The decay of leaf litter stored in a GPT is discussed in the paper. Information for this discussion was obtained from a series of tests simulating the decay of leaf litter in a GPT. These tests used freshly fallen leaf litter collected from Centennial Park in Sydney, Australia. © 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

Ball, JE, Aboura, K & Dubois, DM 1970, 'A Likelihood Approach for Modeling Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Storms Using Radar and Land Data', COMPUTING ANTICIPATORY SYSTEMS, International Conference on Computing Anticipatory Systems, Australian Institute of Physics, Liege, Belgium, pp. 345-353.
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While the existing spatiotemporal approaches provide an estimation of the rainfall over geographical areas, they in effect provide only for an interpolation of the data. The proposed approach introduces the concept of the construction of the likelihood function of the repartition of rain over a territory using historical storm data, both radar and land data. Radar imaging and gauges data are used to build a likelihood model for the estimation and reproduction of spatial and temporal patterns of storms over catchment areas. A novel aspect of the approach is the reduction of the two dimensioned spatial characteristics of storm rainfall fields to a univariate model representation of a storm crossing the geographical area. The study and characterization of radar tracked storms over the catchment area, along with the use of land gauges data for estimation and validation, provide for the spatiotemporal analysis of the storm rainfall, with both time and space variables being univariate. This reduction in dimensionality is a departure from traditional methods where interpolation is the major approach. It allows for the construction of a probability model to explain rainfall statistics at any location. The reproduction of rainfall data for water management studies is done through the storm models. Weather can be considered infinite in its variation, and it is doubtful that any mathematical model would accurately predict rainfall. Weather prediction and its physics are ignored and the emphasis is on the development of a statistical model. Radar imaging is used to process a large amount of information from which statistics are extracted for the construction of the likelihood model. Historical trajectories of storms are looked at as a logical explanation in time for the accumulation of rainfall levels. Along with storms strengths, they provide the essential variables for the dissection and reconstruction of the rainfall process over the catchment area. This reducti...

Ball, JE, Babister, M & Phillips, B 1970, 'Estimation of Design Flood Flows Considering Climate Change', ASFPM Annual Conference: GREEN WORKS to reduce FLOOD LOSSES, GREEN WORKS to reduce FLOOD LOSSES, Association of State Floodplain Managers, Inc., Orlando, Florida, USA, pp. 203-208.
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Since the first edition of Australian Rainfall and Runoff (ARR) (The Institution of Engineers Australia, 1958), the aim of the publication has been to provide Australian designers and analysts with the best available information on estimating floods. Although previous editions in 1958, 1977, and 1987 have served the engineering profession well and have contributed to providing a sound basis for the design and analysis of works and structures that are subject to flood, the National Committee on Water Engineering of Engineers Australia believed that the many recent developments in the understanding of rainfall-runoff processes, the many new tools available for catchment simulation, and the rapidly expanding body of information about rainfall and runoff processes necessitated the production of a new edition. For the new edition, specific attention was made to the developing science of climate change and its impacts on the estimation of design flood flows. Therefore, the design of the revised document and the associated research activities necessary for development of the revised document specifically included provision for guidance on climate change.

Barua, B, Safaei, F, Abolhasan, M & IEEE 1970, 'On the Outage of Multihop Parallel Relay Networks', 2010 IEEE 72ND VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE FALL, IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, IEEE, Ottawa, ON, Canada, pp. 1-5.
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In this paper we analyze the outage probability of a cooperative multihop parallel relay network in Nakagami-m fading channels. The general closed form expression of the outage probability is derived both for integer and arbitrary Nakagami parameter m. We present numerical results on the performance of the network. It shows a careful configuration of the network size and power sharing between nodes can ensure optimal outage performance in the network.

Behbood, V, Lu, J & Zhang, G 1970, 'Adaptive inference-based learning and rule generation algorithms in Fuzzy Neural Network for failure prediction', 2010 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Knowledge Engineering, 2010 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Knowledge Engineering (ISKE), IEEE, China, pp. 33-38.
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highly desirable for decision makers and regulators in the finance industry. This study develops a new Failure Prediction (FP) approach which effectively integrates a fuzzy logic-based adaptive inference system with the learning ability of a neural network to generate knowledge in the form of a fuzzy rule base. This FP approach uses a preprocessing phase to deal with the imbalanced data-sets problem and develops a new Fuzzy Neural Network (FNN) including an adaptive inference system in the learning algorithm along with its network structure and rule generation algorithm as a means to reduce prediction error in the FP approach.

Behbood, V, Lu, J & Zhang, G 1970, 'Intelligent financial warning support system', International Conference on Applied Statistics and Financial Mathematics, International Conference on Applied Statistics and Financial Mathematics, IOS Press, Hong Kong.

Behrens, M, Huang, S, Dissanayake, G & IEEE 1970, 'Models for pushing objects with a mobile robot using single point contact', IEEE/RSJ 2010 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS (IROS 2010), IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 2964-2969.
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In many mobile robotic manipulation tasks it is desirable to interact with the robots surroundings without actually grasping the object being manipulated. Non-prehensile manipulation allows a robot to interact in situations which would otherwise be impossible due to size or weight. This paper presents the derivation of a mathematical model of an object pushed by a single point and sliding in the presence of friction where the dynamic effects of mass and inertia are significant. This model is validated using numerical simulation. The derived dynamic model is also compared with a kinematic approximation from literature, showing that under certain conditions, the motion of a pushed object is similar to the motion of a non-holonomic vehicle. Finally, the results of experimental investigations are discussed and promising directions for further work are proposed. ©2010 IEEE.

Behrouznia, A, Saberi, M, Azadeh, A, Asadzadeh, SM & Pazhoheshfar, P 1970, 'An adaptive network based fuzzy inference system-fuzzy data envelopment analysis for gas consumption forecasting and analysis: The case of South America', 2010 International Conference on Intelligent and Advanced Systems, Advanced Systems (ICIAS 2010), IEEE.
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This paper presents an adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)-fuzzy data envelopment analysis (FDEA)) for long-term natural gas (NG) consumption forecasting and analysis. Six models are proposed to forecast annual NG demand. 104 ANFIS have been constructed and tested in order to find the best ANFIS for natural gas (NG) consumption. Two parameters have been considered in construction and examination of plausible ANFIS models. Six different membership functions and several linguistic variables are considered in building ANFIS. The proposed models consist of two input variables, namely, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Population. All trained ANFIS are then compared with respect to mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). To meet the best performance of the intelligent based approaches, data are pre-processed (scaled) and finally our outputs are post-processed (returned to its original scale). FDEA is used to examine the behavior of gas consumption. To show the applicability and superiority of the ANFIS-FDEA approach, actual gas consumption in six Southern America countries from 1980 to 2007 is considered. The gas consumption is then forecasted up to 2015. The ANFIS-FDEA approach is capable of dealing both complexity and uncertainty as well several other unique features discussed in this paper.

Ben-Aim, R, Chinu, KJ, Johir, MH, Vigneswaran, S & Kandasamy, JK 1970, 'New sources of water: Optimizing the use of membranes for their production', IWA Regional Conference and Exhibition on Membrane Technology & Water Reuse, IWA, Istabul-Turkey, pp. 1025-1027.
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In many parts of the world water stress is predicted to occur in a near future. Membrane technology can help address this issue but the use of membranes has to be optimized for obtaining suitable water quality in an acceptable economic and ecological manner. Eventually the use of membranes could introduce a shift from a centralized water management to a decentralized one. The three potential new sources of water are treated wastewater or wastewater reuse, seawater and brackish water, rainwater including stormwater.

Berglund, A & Lister, R 1970, 'Introductory Programming and the Didactic Triangle', Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series, Australasian Computing Education Conference, Australian Computer Society, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 35-44.
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In this paper, we use Kansanen's didactic triangle to structure and analyse research on the teaching and learning of programming. Students, teachers and course content are the three entities that form the corners of the didactic triangle. The edges of the triangle represent the relationships between these three entities. We argue that many computing educators and computing education researchers operate from within narrow views of the didactic triangle. For example, computing educators often teach programming based on how they relate to the computer, and not how the students relate to the computer. We conclude that, while research that focuses on the corners of the didactic triangle is sometimes appropriate, there needs to be more research that focuses on the edges of the triangle, and more research that studies the entire didactic triangle. © 2010, Australian Computer Society, Inc.

Bernardo, DV & Hoang, D 1970, 'Protecting Next Generation High Speed Network Protocol - UDT through Generic Security Service Application Program Interface - GSS-API', 2010 Fourth International Conference on Emerging Security Information, Systems and Technologies, 2010 Fourth International Conference on Emerging Security Information, Systems and Technologies (SECURWARE), IEEE, Venice/Mestre Italy, pp. 266-272.
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Network protocols do not solely rely on the lower layers of the stack for security. Many of these protocols rely on a combination of layers to develop a more secure channel for data transmission. UDT, like other new next generation high speed protocols, relies on Transport, on IP, and on Network layers for data delivery and protection. However, like other existing protocols, UDT has a socket interface to link with API, a feature that makes it flexible in its implementation. This paper contends that UDT's user interface provides a means of protection by using another application service interface to cater for its security requirements. By implementing GSS-API, UDT can achieve authentication, confidentiality, and integrity during data transmission. This work provides another way of securing high speed network protocols such as UDT when implemented in various network environments.

Bernardo, DV & Hoang, D 1970, 'Security Analysis of the Proposed Practical Security Mechanisms for High Speed Data Transfer Protocol', ADVANCES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS, Information, Security and Assurance, Springer, Miyazaki, Japan, pp. 100-114.
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The development of next generation protocols, such as UDT (UDP-based data transfer), promptly addressess various infrastructure requirements for transmitting data in high speed networks. However, this development creates new vulnerabilities when these protocols are designed to solely rely on existing security solutions of existing protocols such as TCP and UDP. It is clear that not all security protocols (such as TLS) can be used to protect UDT, just as security solutions devised for wired networks cannot be used to protect the wired ones. The development of UDT, similarly in the development of TCP/UDP many years ago, lacked a well-thought security architecture to address the problems that networks are presently experiencing. This paper proposed and analyses practical security mechanisms for UDT.

Bernardo, DV & Hoang, DB 1970, 'End-to-End Security Methods for UDT Data Transmissions', FUTURE GENERATION INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, Future Generation Information Technology Second International Conference, Springer-Verlag, Jeju Island, Korea, pp. 383-393.
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UDT (UDP-based data transfer protocol) is one of the most promising network protocols developed for high data speed data transfer. It does not, however, have any inherent security mechanisms, and thus relies on other transport protocols to provide them.

Bernardo, DV, Hoang, DB & IEEE 1970, 'A Conceptual Approach against Next Generation Security Threats: Securing a High Speed Network Protocol - UDT', SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUTURE NETWORKS: ICFN 2010, IEEE International Conference on Future Networks, IEEE Computer Society, Sanya Hainan, pp. 367-371.
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The following topics are dealt with: computing network reliability; network security policy; wireless sensor network; routing protocol; web based intrusion detection system; network topology; BP neural network, WMAN; WDM optical network; WMAN;WDM optical network; TCP/IP networks; OFDMA relay networks; and mobile ad hoc networks.

Bharathy, G & Silverman, BG 1970, 'Validating agent based social systems models.', WSC, 2010 Winter Simulation Conference - (WSC 2010), IEEE, Baltimore, MD, pp. 441-453.
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Bian, W, Li, J & Tao, D 1970, 'Feature Extraction for fMRI-Based Human Brain Activity Recognition.', MLMI, International Workshop on Machine Learning in Medical Imaging, Springer, Beijing, China, pp. 148-156.
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Mitchell et al. [9] demonstrated that support vector machines (SVM) are effective to classify the cognitive state of a human subject based on fRMI images observed over a single time interval. However, the direct use of classifiers on active voxels veils

Bjarnadottir, S, Li, Y & Stewart, MG 1970, 'Evaluation of Impact of Climate Change on Hurricane Damage Risks and Adaptation Strategies', Structures Congress 2010, Structures Congress 2010, American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 1745-1756.
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This paper evaluates the potential impact of hurricane damage risks to buildings due to climate change and adaptation strategies. The analysis includes a probabilistic hurricane wind field model and a hurricane vulnerability model. There is a great uncertainty on the potential change in hurricane hazard patterns due to climate change. To represent this uncertainty and to investigate the potential impact of climate change, the paper explores the scenarios of increases of -5 to 10% in mean annual maximum wind speed over 50 years. The effects of regional development dynamics, the rate of retrofit, cost of retrofit, reduction in vulnerability after retrofit, and discount rate are investigated. This risk-cost-benefit analysis is vital in indentifying optimal and cost-effective adaption strategies to the potential adverse effects of enhanced greenhouse conditions. Miami-Dade County, Florida is used as a case study to evaluate the economic viability of various adaptation strategies. © 2010 American Society of Civil Engineers.

Blount, M, McGregor, C, James, A, Sow, D, Kamaleswaran, R, Tuuha, S, Percival, J & Percival, N 1970, 'On the integration of an artifact system and a real-time healthcare analytics system', Proceedings of the 1st ACM International Health Informatics Symposium, IHI '10: ACM International Health Informatics Symposium, ACM, pp. 647-655.
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As a result of advances in software technology, particularly stream computing, it is now possible to implement scalable systems capable of real-time analysis of multiple physiological data streams of multiple patients. There is a growing body of evidence showing that early onset indicators of some medical conditions can be observed as subtle changes in the physiological data streams of affected patients. These real-time healthcare analytics systems can detect the early onset indicators and thus may result in earlier detection of the medical condition which may lead to earlier intervention and improved patient outcomes. Blood draws and nasal suctioning can cause changes in the values of some physiological data stream elements. Such events, sometimes referred to as physiological stream artifacts can cause the real-time analytics systems to generate false alarms since the systems assume each data element is indicative the patient's underlying physiological condition. In order to minimize the generation of false alarms, artifact events must be captured and integrated in real time with the analytics result. We present the summary of an artifact study in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit within a children's hospital where a real-time analytics system is being piloted as part of a clinical research study. We utilize the information gathered relating to the nature of these events and propose a framework to integrate the artifact events with the analytic results in real time © 2010 ACM.

Blumenstein, M, Ferrer, MA & Vargas, JF 1970, 'The 4NSigComp2010 Off-line Signature Verification Competition: Scenario 2', 2010 12th International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, 2010 International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (ICFHR), IEEE, pp. 721-726.
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The objective of this competition (4NSigComp2010) is to ascertain the performance of automatic off-line signature verifiers to evaluate recent technology developments in the areas of document analysis and machine learning. The current paper focuses on the second scenario, which aims at performance evaluation of off-line signature verification systems on a newly-created large dataset that comprises genuine, simulated signatures produced by unskilled imitators or random signatures (genuine signatures from other writers). Ten systems were evaluated, and some interesting results are presented in terms of accuracy and execution time. The top ranking system attained an overall error of 8.94%. This result interestingly correlates with the top ranking accuracy achieved in a previous signature verification competition at ICDAR 2009. © 2010 IEEE.

Bolch, T, Pradhan, B, Peters, J & Buchroithner, M 1970, 'Identification and monitoring of potentially dangerous glacial lakes in northern Tien Shan (Kazakhstan/Kyrgyzstan) using geoinformation techniques', EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, p. 13168.

Boustedt, J, McCartney, R, Tenenberg, J, Gehringer, EF, Lister, R & Musicant, D 1970, 'It seemed like a good idea at the time', Proceedings of the 41st ACM technical symposium on Computer science education, SIGCSE10: The 41st ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education, ACM, pp. 558-559.
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We often learn of successful pedagogical experiments, but we seldom hear of the the ones that failed. For this special session we solicited submissions from the SIGCSE membership, selected the best from among these, and will have presentations at the session by the selected authors. Our contributions describe pedagogical approaches that seemed to be good ideas but turned out as failures. Contributors will describe their pedagogical experiment, the rationale for the experiment, evidence of failure, and lessons learned.

Bremner, MJ 1970, 'Classical simulation of commuting quantum computations implies collapse of the polynomial hierarchy', 10th Asian Conference on Quantum Information Science, Tokyo, Japan.
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The 10th Asian Conference on Quantum Information Science (AQIS'10) is a meeting focused on quantum information science and technology. Since this is a new interdisciplinary field, its broad scope includes advances in various fields such as quantum physics, computer science, mathematics and information technologies. This event is the memorable tenth conference which builds upon a successful series of EQIS'01-05 and AQIS'06-09 conferences. It will comprise tutorials and presentations of invited speakers, selected papers and posters. Areas of coverage include but are not limited to: Quantum computation, algorithms and complexity Quantum information theory Quantum error-correction and fault-tolerance, thresholds Quantum cryptography Quantum communications experiments and theory Quantum optics, NMR and solid-state technologies Quantum processors and computers design Quantum programming languages and semantics AQIS'10 will be held at the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Bródka, P, Musial, K & Kazienko, P 1970, 'A Method for Group Extraction in Complex Social Networks', Communications in Computer and Information Science, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 238-247.
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The extraction of social groups from social networks existing among employees in the company, its customers or users of various computer systems became one of the research areas of growing importance. Once we have discovered the groups, we can utilise them, in different kinds of recommender systems or in the analysis of the team structure and communication within a given population. The shortcomings of the existing methods for community discovery and lack of their applicability in multi-layered social networks were the inspiration to create a new group extraction method in complex multi-layered social networks. The main idea that stands behind this new concept is to utilise the modified version of a measure called by authors multi-layered clustering coefficient. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.

Budka, M & Gabrys, B 1970, 'Correntropy-based density-preserving data sampling as an alternative to standard cross-validation', The 2010 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), 2010 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), IEEE.
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Estimation of the generalization ability of a predictive model is an important issue, as it indicates expected performance on previously unseen data and is also used for model selection. Currently used generalization error estimation procedures like cross-validation (CV) or bootstrap are stochastic and thus require multiple repetitions in order to produce reliable results, which can be computationally expensive if not prohibitive. The correntropy-based Density Preserving Sampling procedure (DPS) proposed in this paper eliminates the need for repeating the error estimation procedure by dividing the available data into subsets, which are guaranteed to be representative of the input dataset. This allows to produce low variance error estimates with accuracy comparable to 10 times repeated cross-validation at a fraction of computations required by CV, which has been investigated using a set of publicly available benchmark datasets and standard classifiers. © 2010 IEEE.

Budka, M & Gabrys, B 1970, 'Ridge regression ensemble for toxicity prediction', Procedia Computer Science, International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS), Elsevier BV, Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS, pp. 193-201.
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Cagno, E & Trianni, A 1970, 'Energy Efficiency in Industrial Operations: An Evaluation of Benefits and Cost of the Most Effective Interventions Within the Italian Industrial Sector', ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, Volume 1, ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, ASMEDC, Phoenix, AZ, pp. 85-93.
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The attention towards the topic of reducing the energy expenditures has dramatically grown in recent crisis times that have forced firms to reduce them. This reduction in energy expenditures of a firm can be pursued through a wise energy procurement (we can call it “administrative energy efficiency”), thus with a reduction in the specific cost of energy (both electricity and other energy sources). But, the highest effective saving — for the whole system — would come from a direct reduction of the consumption, thus increasing the so-called “operational energy efficiency”, the unique true energy efficiency, implying the effort of the whole firm, since it requires a lower and wiser use of energy, and new and more efficient technologies. It is quite diffused the perception that governments are now taking measures to reach a common and more efficient environmental and energetic policy, but the effort is still not sufficient. The attention has obviously been paid towards the industrial sector, that covers about 30% of the consumption, second just after transportation: since now several actions have been taken to achieve the energy performance of buildings, but very few in the operations. Furthermore, it should be clear that to be really effective in this field governments should focus their attention on Small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs), usually less efficient than Large Enterprises (LEs), since SMEs represent the vast majority of the total number of industries and cover a consistent share of the energy consumption of a whole domestic industrial sector. This paper aims at providing an overview of the most effective interventions for reducing energy consumption in industrial operations that have been successfully implemented in a large number of case studies investigated in North America and Europe. The paper provides different scenarios according to the implementation of those interventions, characterized all by being Best Available Technologies a...

Cai, C, Wang, Y & Geers, G 1970, 'Adaptive traffic signal control using vehicle-to-infrastructure communication', Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Computational Transportation Science, GIS '10: 18th SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems, ACM, San Jose, CA, pp. 43-47.
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Cai, Y & Guo, YJ 1970, 'Dipole uniform circular array backed by a cylindrical reflector', EuCAP 2010 - The 4th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation.
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A 12-element thin dipole uniform circular array (UCA) is studied using the Method of Moments. The effect of metallic back reflectors on the array performance, in terms of the maximum realized gain, the mutual coupling level, and the synthesized patterns, is investigated. Over the inter-element spacing range, 0.3 λ0 ≤ d ≤ 0.7λ0, simulation results show that the introduction of the cylindrical reflector achieves at least 1.0dB higher the gain than the one without using the reflector. Radial metallic 'partition walls' is proposed to be placed between axially oriented dipoles. The use of the 'partition walls' realizes further gain enhancement and H-plane mutual coupling reduction. At d = 0.4λ0 and d = 0.6λ0, maximum coupling between elements is suppressed to a level below -13dB and -20dB respectively when the height of the 'partition walls', hwall, is greater than 0.175λ0. In the synthesized realized gain pattern, mainlobe to sidelobe ratio better than 15dB and 13dB is obtained.

Cai, Y, Guo, YJ, Qin, PY & Weily, AR 1970, 'Frequency reconfigurable quasi-Yagi dipole antenna', 2010 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2010 IEEE International Symposium Antennas and Propagation and CNC-USNC/URSI Radio Science Meeting, IEEE.
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A frequency reconfigurable quasi-Yagi dipole antenna is presented in this paper. Simulation results show that a 35% continuously tuning impedance bandwidth, from 1.85 to 2.5GHz, is obtained. Loaded with varactor diodes, the effective electrical lengths of the driver and director dipoles are varied by changing the biasing voltages. The length adjustable director allows the endfire pattern with relatively high gain being maintained over each tuning sub-band. Across the tuning bandwidth, the predicted gain variation is from 5.8dBi to 7.9dBi. The H-plane cross-polarization level is below -17dB while this value is below -32dB in the E-plane. The front-to-back ratio is better than 12dB. © 2010 IEEE.

Cao, L, Ou, Y, Yu, PS & Wei, G 1970, 'Detecting abnormal coupled sequences and sequence changes in group-based manipulative trading behaviors', Proceedings of the 16th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining, KDD '10: The 16th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, ACM, Washington DC, DC, USA, pp. 85-93.
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In capital market surveillance, an emerging trend is that a group of hidden manipulators collaborate with each other to manipulate three trading sequences: buy-orders, sell-orders and trades, through carefully arranging their prices, volumes and time, in order to mislead other investors, affect the instrument movement, and thus maximize personal benefits. If the focus is on only one of the above three sequences in attempting to analyze such hidden group based behavior, or if they are merged into one sequence as per an investor, the coupling relationships among them indicated through trading actions and their prices/volumes/times would be missing, and the resulting findings would have a high probability of mismatching the genuine fact in business. Therefore, typical sequence analysis approaches, which mainly identify patterns on a single sequence, cannot be used here. This paper addresses a novel topic, namely coupled behavior analysis in hidden groups. In particular, we propose a coupled Hidden Markov Models (HMM)-based approach to detect abnormal group-based trading behaviors. The resulting models cater for (1) multiple sequences from a group of people, (2) interactions among them, (3) sequence item properties, and (4) significant change among coupled sequences. We demonstrate our approach in detecting abnormal manipulative trading behaviors on orderbook-level stock data. The results are evaluated against alerts generated by the exchange's surveillance system from both technical and computational perspectives. It shows that the proposed coupled and adaptive HMMs outperform a standard HMM only modeling any single sequence, or the HMM combining multiple single sequences, without considering the coupling relationship. Further work on coupled behavior analysis, including coupled sequence/event analysis, hidden group analysis and behavior dynamics are very critical. © 2010 ACM.

Cao, Z, Liu, RP, Yang, X & Xiao, Y 1970, 'Modeling IEEE 802.11 DCF System Dynamics', 2010 IEEE Wireless Communication and Networking Conference, Networking Conference (WCNC), IEEE, Sydney, AUSTRALIA.
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Carmichael, MG, Liu, D & Waldron, KJ 1970, 'Investigation of reducing fatigue and musculoskeletal disorder with passive actuators', 2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2010), IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 2481-2486.
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Robotic systems such as exoskeletons can be effectively used in the reduction of fatigue and musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) associated with physical tasks, but robots which work in physical contact with humans pose problems with user safety. A novel approach to developing intrinsically safe robots is to use passive actuators which have the advantage of being safer, ensuring stability, high force/weight ratios and lower power consumption. It is however not clear how effective an exoskeleton utilizing passive actuators would be in reducing fatigue and the risk of MSD. This paper analyzes the benefit of using such a system with results from dynamic simulations and an experiment using a specially designed mechanism used for evaluation. Results indicate that fatigue and effort could be reduced if robot impedance is minimized. Experiments also highlighted issues of implementing such a system into practice. ©2010 IEEE.

Catley, C, Smith, K, McGregor, C, James, A & Eklund, JM 1970, 'A framework to model and translate clinical rules to support complex real-time analysis of physiological and clinical data', Proceedings of the 1st ACM International Health Informatics Symposium, IHI '10: ACM International Health Informatics Symposium, ACM, pp. 307-315.
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We present a framework to model and translate clinical rules to support complex real-time analysis of both synchronous physiological data and asynchronous clinical data. The framework is demonstrated through a case study in a neonatal intensive care context showing how a clinical rule for detecting an apnoeic event is modeled across multiple physiological data streams in the Artemis environment, which employs IBM's InfoSphere Streams middleware to support real-time stream processing. Initial clinical hypotheses for apnoea detection are modeled using UML activity diagrams which are subsequently translated into Stream's SPADE code to be deployed in Artemis to deliver real-time decision support. Our aim is to provide a Clinical Decision Support System capable of identifying and detecting patterns in physiological data streams indicative of the onset of clinically significant conditions that that may adversely affect health outcomes. Benefits associated with our approach include: 1) reduced time and effort on the clinician's part to assess health data from multiple sources; 2) the ability to allow clinicians to control the rules-engine of Artemis to enhance clinical care within their unique environments; 3) the ability to apply clinical alerts to both synchronous and asynchronous data; and 4) the ability to continuously process data in real-time. © 2010 ACM.

Chaczko, Z & Braun, R 1970, 'Teaching Computer Vision for telemedicine systems using OpenCV', 2010 9th International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET), 2010 9th International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET), IEEE, Cappadocia, pp. 17-20.
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This paper reports on experiences of teaching Computer Vision for robotic telemedicine cluster system, within the practice based ICTD subject within the undergraduate Software Engineering Program at the Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS). Topics described by this paper include shared experiences in designing and implementing Computer Vision subsystem and discusses successes, as well as common problems both experienced and anticipated in adaptation of OpenCV framework for building a robotic system for telemedicine. One of the main objectives of the ICTD is to bridge the gap between the students' theoretical knowledge of design and programming with the practical side of software reuse and modularization when designing and implementing a robotic system for medical applications. ©2010 IEEE.

Chaczko, Z, Chiu, C & Kale, A 1970, 'Cooperative agent-based SANET architecture for personalised healthcare monitoring', 2010 4th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems, 2010 4th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS 2010), IEEE, Gold Coast, Australia, pp. 1-6.
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This paper describes the adaptation of a computational technique utilizing Extended Kohonen Maps (EKMs) and Rao-Blackwell-Kolmogorov (R-B) Filtering mechanisms for the administration of Sensor-Actuator networks (SANETs). Inspired by the BDI (Belief-Desire-Intention) Agent model from Rao and Georgeff, EKMs perform the quantitative analysis of an algorithmic artificial neural network process by using an indirect-mapping EKM to self-organize, while the Rao-Blackwell filtering mechanism reduces the external noise and interference in the problem set introduced through the self-organization process. Initial results demonstrate that a combinatorial approach to optimization with EKMs and Rao-Blackwell filtering provides an improvement in event trajectory approximation in comparison to standalone cooperative EKM processes to allow responsive event detection and optimization inpatient healthcare.

Chaczko, Z, Chiu, C, Avtar Singh Kohli & Mahadevan, V 1970, 'Smart Hospital Management System: An integration of enterprise level solutions utilising open group architecture framework (TOGAF)', 2010 3rd International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology, 2010 3rd IEEE International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology (ICCSIT 2010), IEEE, Chengdu, China, pp. 8-15.
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A significant portion of the Hospital Information Systems currently consists of various individual legacy applications that have to be integrated, to deliver a more unified solution. The performance, reliability and other factors of these applications ca

Chaczko, Z, Chiu, C, Klempous, R & Nikodem, J 1970, '3TZ Collaborative Team Environments Incorporating the Hybrid Holonic Architecture.', ECBS, IEEE International Conference and Workshop on the Engineering of Computer Based Systems, IEEE Computer Society, Oxford, England, UK, pp. 300-305.
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The paper describes a business reengineering process (BPR) approach to address multi-timezone (3-timezone or 3TZ) collaborative teamwork environments by combining the Holonic architecture with the Zachman Metamodel Framework. While the use of collaborative project systems is not new, the methodology to share time resources from different timezones seeks to address pedagogical and engineering process concerns in team-based project development. The benefits of collaborative project management tools go beyond a uniform platform to deploy project resources, but to also enhance systemic processes and engineering practice. This facilitates team members to dedicate their time towards common work tasks, delineates individual and shared work packages, and improves student/tutor feedback techniques as teachers can actively monitor

Chaczko, Z, Kale, A & Chiu, C 1970, 'Intelligent health care &#x2014; A Motion Analysis system for health practitioners', 2010 Sixth International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing, 2010 Sixth International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing (ISSNIP), IEEE, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 303-308.
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In the proposed work we present a combination of two paradigms: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and Computer Vision applied for Motion Analysis. In this work the Computer Vision provides high-level behavioural monitoring and analysis, whereas Wireless Sensors capture detailed parameters of a moving object. Fusion of sensory information received from both types of sensors provides micro-level and macro-level details. These combined details can be used in various application areas. In considered applications, one of the areas can be Robotics. In this case this strategy can be used to monitor health of robots under certain actions and situations. Another important application domain is health care and rehabilitation of injured persons. In this application, movement of an injured body portion is measured after its treatment. Apart from the analysis of motion we also propose optimized movement advice to patients. Optimum motion advice is very useful in case of sports injury to recover strength and performance. In this paper we produce experimental work performed by simulating different movements of hands and legs in free space. The experimental simulation provides a broad range of data on motion analysis with visualization. The third area of application that is explored is elderly patient condition monitoring and motion analysis for health monitoring.

Chaczko, Z, Klempous, R & Dubois, DM 1970, 'Anticipatory Biomimetic Middleware', AIP Conference Proceedings, COMPUTING ANTICIPATORY SYSTEMS: CASYS ‘09: Ninth International Conference on Computing Anticipatory Systems, AIP, Leige, Belgium, pp. 379-388.
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Anticipatory, multi-agents based and biology inspired middleware for resource constrained systems such as the sensornets is able to provide infrastructure oriented services with anticipatory system properties such as: (1) selforganization, (2) selfâshaping, (3) self-monitoring and self-healing. The paper aim is to explain how these fundamental properties, if imprinted on executing agents, can help in the construction of robust, cooperative and sustainable information services for infrastructure oriented software. This can occur through the application of the selected immune-computing and allometric paradigms.

Chaczko, Z, Kohli, AS, Klempous, R & Nikodem, J 1970, 'Middleware integration model for Smart Hospital System using the open group architecture framework (TOGAF)', 2010 IEEE 14th International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems, 2010 IEEE 14th International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems (INES 2010), IEEE, Canary Islands, Spain, pp. 215-220.
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A significant portion of the Hospital Information Systems currently consists of various individual legacy applications that have to be integrated, to deliver a more unified solution. The performance, reliability and other factors of these applications can alter the performance, reliability and other characteristics of integrated Solution, the Smart Hospital Management System (SHS). The actual evaluation of these parameters of these applications is outside the scope of this document. The SHS being an infrastructure component relies heavily on the actual resources made available to it for its proper functioning, operation and maintenance. This article aims to deliver an approach in architecting solutions which can be utilised as framework to address common issues in integration of enterprise level solutions. The methodologies discussed in TOGAF version 9 are utilised to demonstrate the feasibility of proposed solution. This paper introduces the problem space/scenarios, constraints, requirements, enablers, risks, sample legacy application architectures and proposed integration solution presented with TOGAF components. The growing number of waiting lists, rising pressure on medical professionals and accountability for medical negligence are only part of the motivation to take initiative towards holds a core model integration strategy in various legacy infrastructure systems.

Chaczko, Z, Wickramasooriya, R, Klempous, R & Nikodem, J 1970, 'Security threats in Cognitive Radio applications', 2010 IEEE 14th International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems, 2010 IEEE 14th International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems, IEEE, Canary Islands, Spain, pp. 209-214.
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In this paper we shall consider security aspects of Cognitive Radio (CR) and its applications. We shall cover design of a security simulation model for cognitive radio and discuss results of conducted experiments using Omnet++ simulation tool in the .Net environment. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of various applications of CR as well as the security threats faced when applying this technology. The functions, benefits and applications of CR are analyzed, along with the challenges faced by the technology. We shall discuss in detail a several security threats faced by CR and carry out selected research on techniques used to mitigate such malicious attacks and provide examples of simulation experiments in Omnet++.

Chaczko, Z, Yeoh, LA & Mahadevan, V 1970, 'A Preliminary Investigation on Computer Vision for Telemedicine Systems Using OpenCV', 2010 Second International Conference on Machine Learning and Computing, 2010 Second International Conference on Machine Learning and Computing, IEEE, Bangalore, India, pp. 42-46.
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OpenCV is typically, an open source vision library suitable for computer vision programs. In this paper, we present some of our preliminary investigation experiences of developing Computer Vision programs using OpenCV for robotic telemedicine cluster system, within the practice based ICTD subject within the undergraduate Software Engineering Program at the Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS). Firstly, it discusses our shared experiences in designing and implementing Computer Vision subsystem and discusses successes, as well as common problems both experienced and anticipated in adaptation of OpenCV framework and then justifies its purpose building a robotic system for telemedicine. Finally, it attempts to bridge the gap between the theoretical knowledge of design and programming with the practical side of software reuse and modularization when designing and implementing a robotic system for medical applications.

Chaiwongsai, J, Chiracharit, W, Chamnongthai, K, Miyanaga, Y & Higuchi, K 1970, 'Scalable architecture of tone classification function for tonal speech recognizer', 2010 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems, 2010 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communications Systems (ISPACS 2010), IEEE.
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Chan, KY, Ling, SH, Dillon, TS, Nguyen, H & IEEE 1970, 'Classification of Hypoglycemic Episodes for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus based on Neural Networks', 2010 IEEE CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION (CEC), IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, IEEE, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 1444-1448.
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Hypoglycemia is dangerous for Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. Based on the physiological parameters, we have developed a classification unit with hybridizing the approaches of neural networks and genetic algorithm to identify the presences of hypoglycemic episodes for TIDM patients. The proposed classification unit is built and is validated by using the real T1DM patients' data sets collected from Department of Health, Government of Western Australia. Experimental results show that the proposed neural network based classification unit can achieve more accurate results on both trained and unseen T1DM patients' data sets compared with those developed based on the commonly used classification methods for medical diagnosis including statistical regression, fuzzy regression and genetic programming. © 2010 IEEE.

Chan, KY, Zhu, H, Lau, C, Dillon, TS, Ling, SH & IEEE 1970, 'Determination of chemo-responses for osteosarcoma using a hybrid evolutionary algorithm', 2010 IEEE CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION (CEC), IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, IEEE, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 1865-1869.
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In this paper, a hybrid evolutionary algorithm (HEA) based on the approaches of the evolutionary algorithm and a local search (LS) is proposed to determine the gene signatures for predicting histologic response of chemotherapy on osteosarcoma patients, which is one of the most common malignant bone tumor in children. The HEA consists of a population of individuals but the evolution of individuals is conducted by a LS, rather than the crossover and mutation used in the traditional evolutionary algorithms. The proposed HEA can simultaneously optimize the feature subset and the classifier through a common solution coding mechanism. Experimental results indicate that HEA can obtain more accurate signatures than the other existing approaches in determining chemoresponse for osteosarcoma. © 2010 IEEE.

Chandran, D & Kempegowda, S 1970, 'Hybrid E-learning platform based on cloud architecture model: A proposal', 2010 International Conference on Signal and Image Processing, 2010 International Conference on Signal and Image Processing (ICSIP), IEEE, RMD Engineering College, Chennai, India, pp. 534-537.
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Education is to be affordable and able to reach the mass at an affordable cost. An E-learning platform based on open standards with minimum initial cost of investment, will be able to educate people to achieve knowledge based economy. The current E-learning platforms require high initial cost on the infrastructure and software applications. Adoption of cloud computing can help, educational institutions to reduce expenditure on infrastructure, software and human resources to a considerable extent. The authors focus on the current elearning architecture model and issues in current e-learning applications. The paper also discusses cloud computing concepts, and analyse advantages for adopting cloud computing. A model for e-learning applications based on cloud computing is proposed.

Chang, L, Yu, JX, Qin, L & Lin, X 1970, 'Probabilistic ranking over relations.', EDBT, International Conference on Extending Database Technology, ACM, Lausanne, Switzerland, pp. 477-488.
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Probabilistic top-k ranking queries have been extensively studied due to the fact that data obtained can be uncertain in many real applications. A probabilistic top-k ranking query ranks objects by the interplay of score and probability, with an implicit assumption that both scores based on which objects are ranked and probabilities of the existence of the objects are stored in the same relation. We observe that in general scores and probabilities are highly possible to be stored in different relations, for example, in column-oriented DBMSs and in data warehouses. In this paper we study probabilistic top-k ranking queries when scores and probabilities are stored in different relations. We focus on reducing the join cost in probabilistic top-k ranking. We investigate two probabilistic score functions, discuss the upper/lower bounds in random access and sequential access, and provide insights on the advantages and disadvantages of random/sequential access in terms of upper/lower bounds. We also propose random, sequential, and hybrid algorithms to conduct probabilistic top-k ranking. We conducted extensive performance studies using real and synthetic datasets, and report our findings in this paper. Copyright 2010 ACM.

Chen, K, Huang, X & Xi, J 1970, 'A novel approach for interference suppression in multi-subband convolutional coded OFDM system', 2010 10th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, 2010 10th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, pp. 667-671.
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This paper proposes a novel approach of suppressing narrowband interference from a multi - subband convolutional coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. In this system, the convolutional coded data symbols using different coding generators are transmitted in different subbands. By identifying and discarding the interfered subband(s), the interference level can be greatly reduced and the system performance of the OFDM system can be improved. The interference thresholds for discarding the interfered subband(s) are determined through simulations over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel for demonstration purpose. The principle can also be applied to multipath fading channel. ©2010 IEEE.

Chen, X, Yang, J, Wu, Q & Zhao, J 1970, 'Motion blur detection based on lowest directional high-frequency energy', 2010 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 2010 17th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2010), IEEE, Hongkong, pp. 2533-2536.
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Motion blur detection and the relevant blurring parameter estimation are important for many computer vision tasks. The contribution of this paper is in two folds. First, we propose a closed-form solution for motion direction estimation on blurred image. Secondly, a novel method is proposed for motion blurred region detection. The proposed direction estimation is based on measurement of lowest directional high-frequency energy. Compared with traditional methods, it will improve accuracy with less computational cost. Moreover, the proposed motion blurred region detection can efficiently estimate blurred regions without Point Spread Function estimation. Encouraging results are shown by experiments. © 2010 IEEE.

Cheng, E, Davis, S, Burnett, I & Ritz, C 1970, 'The Role of Experts in Social Media - Are the Tertiary Educated Engaged?', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY: SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES, International Symposium on Technology-and-Society - Social Implications of Emerging Technologies, IEEE, Univ Wollongong, Wollongong, AUSTRALIA, pp. 205-212.

Chiba, T, Ito, M, Yokota, H & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Implementation and evaluation of local breakout method for IP-based femtocell networks', The 2010 International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Communications, 2010 International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Communications (ATC 2010), IEEE.
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Cleland-Huang, J & Zowghi, D 1970, 'Message from the Chairs', 2010 18th IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference, 2010 IEEE 18th International Conference on Requirements Engineering (RE), IEEE.
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Concha, OP, Xu, RYD & Piccardi, M 1970, 'Compressive Sensing of Time Series for Human Action Recognition', 2010 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications, 2010 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications (DICTA), IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 454-461.
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Compressive Sensing (CS) is an emerging signal processing technique where a sparse signal is reconstructed from a small set of random projections. In the recent literature, CS techniques have demonstrated promising results for signal compression and reconstruction [9, 8, 1]. However, their potential as dimensionality reduction techniques for time series has not been significantly explored to date. To this aim, this work investigates the suitability of compressive-sensed time series in an application of human action recognition. In the paper, results from several experiments are presented: (1) in a first set of experiments, the time series are transformed into the CS domain and fed into a hidden Markov model (HMM) for action recognition; (2) in a second set of experiments, the time series are explicitly reconstructed after CS compression and then used for recognition; (3) in the third set of experiments, the time series are compressed by a hybrid CS-Haar basis prior to input into HMM; (4) in the fourth set, the time series are reconstructed from the hybrid CS-Haar basis and used for recognition. We further compare these approaches with alternative techniques such as sub-sampling and filtering. Results from our experiments show unequivocally that the application of CS does not degrade the recognition accuracy; rather, it often increases it. This proves that CS can provide a desirable form of dimensionality reduction in pattern recognition over time series. © 2010 Crown Copyright.

Concha, OP, Xu, RYD & Piccardi, M 1970, 'Robust Dimensionality Reduction for Human Action Recognition', 2010 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications, 2010 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications (DICTA), IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 349-356.
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Human action recognition can be approached by combining an action-discriminative feature set with a classifier. However, the dimensionality of typical feature sets joint with that of the time dimension often leads to a curse-of-dimensionality situation. Moreover, the measurement of the feature set is subject to sometime severe errors. This paper presents an approach to human action recognition based on robust dimensionality reduction. The observation probabilities of hidden Markov models (HMM) are modelled by mixtures of probabilistic principal components analyzers and mixtures of t-distribution sub-spaces, and compared with conventional Gaussian mixture models. Experimental results on two datasets show that dimensionality reduction helps improve the classification accuracy and that the heavier-tailed t-distribution can help reduce the impact of outliers generated by segmentation errors. © 2010 Crown Copyright.

Crews, KI, Gerber, C & Shrestha, R 1970, 'Development of Design Procedures for Timber Concrete Composite Floors in Australia and New Zealand - Part 2: Connection Characterisation', CIB - W18 - Working Commission W18 - Timber Structures, International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction (CIB) Meetings, Workshops, Symposia, Conferences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Nelson, New Zealands, pp. 1-8.
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The approach adopted for design of timber concrete composite (TCC) floor systems in Australia and New Zealand is based upon extensive testing of the permitted connection types that are specified in the design procedures, identifying strength, serviceability stiffness and so called ultimate stiffness characteristic properties that are required for utilisation of the 'Gamma coefficients' method, which manipulates properties of the concrete member in order to predict the cross-section characteristics of the structure. This paper presents an overview of testing undertaken to date and the derivation of characteristic properties (5'h percentile for strength and 50'h percentile or average for stiffness).

Csonka, PJ, Perkins, AD & Waldron, KJ 1970, 'Passively stable hopping of an articulated leg with a tendon-coupled ankle', 2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2010), IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 3629-3633.
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Dynamic maneuvers have been successfully implemented on many prismatic legged robots. Systems with articulated legs of significant relative mass pose more of a challenge in part due to the physics of thrusting with rotating limbs, which results in undesi

Cui, Y, Jin, JS, Park, M, Luo, S, Xu, M, Yu Peng, Wong, WSF & Santos, LD 1970, 'Computer aided abnormality detection for microscopy images of cervical tissue', IEEE/ICME International Conference on Complex Medical Engineering, 2010 IEEE/ICME International Conference on Complex Medical Engineering - CME 2010, IEEE, Gold Coast Australia, pp. 63-68.
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Cervical cancer is the second most common malignancy among women worldwide, if it is detected in early stage, cure rate is relatively high. Computer aided abnormality detection for cervical smear is developed to assist medical experts to handle the microscopy images, examine cell abnormalities and diagnose dyskaryosis. The microscopy images of cells in cervix uteri are stained by the tumor marker Ki-67, so that the abnormal nuclei present brown while normal ones are bluish. Segmentation is the most important and difficult task to calculate the ratio of abnormal nuclei to all nuclei. In order to achieve accurate segmentation of nuclei, we propose a multi-level segmentation approach for abnormality identification in microscopy images. First level segmentation aims to partition abnormal (stained) nuclei regions and all nuclei regions. Because of under-segmentation after first level segmentation, second level segmentation is applied to further partition the clustered nuclei. In order to classify touching regions of clustered nuclei and separate regions of single nucleus, relevant meaningful features are extracted from regions of interest. Consequently all the nuclei regions are separated and in conjunction with the abnormal nuclei regions in the first level segmentation, the abnormality i.e. ratio of abnormal nuclei to all nuclei is obtained. Experimental results indicate that our method achieved an accuracy of 93.55% and 95.8% in term of abnormal nuclei and all nuclei respectively for identification of abnormalities. Our proposed method produces a satisfactory segmentation. © 2010 IEEE.

Czlonka, A, Nelson, T, Dibbs, RL & Huynh, P 1970, 'Performance of a new stator-diffuser design for an axial-flow pump unit', Proceedings of the 17th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, pp. 1-4.
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In an axial-flow pump unit with conventional stator and diftllser, often considerable energy is still present in the swirl (rotation) of the liquid leaving the stator. This energy will eventually be lost from the pump system. In this experimental investigation a new design, combining the stator and diffuser together into a single component, was tested for its effectiveness in recovering this energy and thereby improving the performance of an industrysized single-stage axial-flow pump unit. Measurements of static pressure rise along the new stator-difTuser and of the swirl angle of the fluid leaving the pump unit indicate that the new design performs better than the conventional one, as a component. However, efticiency of the whole pump unit is in general slightly reduced with the new design. A number of factors were identified as contributing to this performance degradation. Most notable are the poor matching of the fluid's and vanes' angles at the component's inlet and the sudden expansion of the flow geometry at the component's outlet. It is thus expected that when these factors have been adequately addressed, the new design should improve the pump's overall performance.

Dackermann, U, Li, J & Samali, B 1970, 'Identification of added mass on a two-storey framed structure utilising FRFs and ANNs', Incorporating Sustainable Practice in Mechanics of Structures and Materials - Proceedings of the 21st Australian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, CRC Press, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 757-762.
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This paper presents a vibration-based damage detection method that utilises frequency response functions (FRFs) to identify added mass on a two-storey framed structure. Added mass is used to simulate frequency changes due to structural damage. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are employed to map changes in FRFs to locations of the added mass. In order to obtain suitable inputs for neural network training, principalcomponent analysis (PCA) techniques are adopted to reduce the size of the FRF data and to filter noise. A hierarchy of neural network ensembles is used to take advantage of individual measurement characteristics from different sensors. The method is tested on laboratory and numerical models of a two-storey framed structure. From the two kinds of structures, FRF data are determined and compressed utilising PCA techniques. The PCAreduced FRFs are then used as input patterns for training and testing of ANN ensembles predicting different locations of added mass. © 2011 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

Davis, SJ, Cheng, EC, Burnett, IS & Ritz, CH 1970, 'Multimedia adaptation based on semantics from social network users interacting with media', 2010 Second International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX), 2010 Second International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX 2010), IEEE, pp. 170-175.
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A key goal of adaptive multimedia delivery is to provide users with content that maximizes their quality of experience. To achieve this goal, adaptive multimedia systems require descriptions of the content and user preference information, moving beyond traditional criteria such as quality of service requirements or perceptual quality based on traditional metrics. Media is increasingly consumed within online social networks and multimedia sharing websites can also add a wealth of metadata. In this paper, mechanisms for gathering semantics that relate to user preferences when interacting with media content in social networks are proposed. Subjective results indicate the proposed mechanisms can successfully provide information about user and social group media preferences that can be used for adapting multimedia for improved user quality of experience. ©2010 IEEE.

Delavari, H, Bandara, W, Marjanovic, O & Mathiesen, P 1970, 'Business Process Management (BPM) education in Australia: A critical review based on content analysis', ACIS 2010 Proceedings - 21st Australasian Conference on Information Systems.
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Business Process Management (BPM) is a top priority in organisations and is rapidly proliferating as an emerging discipline in practice. However, the current studies show lack of appropriate BPM skilled professionals in the field and a dearth of opportunities to develop BPM expertise. This paper analyses the gap between available BPM-related education in Australia and required BPM capabilities. BPM courses offered by Australian universities and training institutions have been critically analysed and mapped against leading BPM capability frameworks to determine how well current BPM education and training offerings in Australia actually address the core capabilities required for BPM professionals. The outcomes reported here can be used by Australian universities and training institutions to better align and position their training materials to the BPM required capabilities. It could also be beneficial to individuals looking for a systematic and in-depth understanding of BPM capabilities and trainings. © 2010 Delavari, Bandara, Marjanovic, Mathiesen.

Deng, W, Drozdowicz-Tomsia, K, Jin, D & Goldys, EM 1970, 'Silver nanostructure coated beads enhance fluorescence for sensitive immunoassays and bioimaging', 2010 International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 2010 International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICONN), IEEE, pp. 108-111.
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While the principle of fluorescence enhancement of metal nanostructures is well known, the utility of this effect in practical methodologies used in analytical laboratories remains to be established. In this work we explored the advantage of fluorescence enhancement for flow cytometry and bioimaging. We reported the observation of metal-enhanced fluorescence emission of fluorophores located on the surface of silver nanostructure-coated silica beads, suitable for flow cytometry detection. The fluorescence enhancement was investigated using a model AlexaFluor 430 IgG immunoassay. Approximately 8.5-fold higher fluorescence intensities at 430 nm excitation was observed from silvered 400 nm silica beads deposited on glass as compared to the control sample. Enhanced fluorescence signals, by a factor of 2, were also observed in imaging of cells labeled with the europium chelate, 4,4'-bis(1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoro-4,6- hexanedion-6-yl)chlorosulfo-o-terphenyl-Eu3 (BHHCT-Eu3), when such silver-coated silica beads were used as substrates. These results indicated that silver nanostructures-coated silica beads are able to provide intensified fluorescence signals for bioassays and bioimaging. © 2010 IEEE.

Dianshuang Wu, Lu, J & Zhang, G 1970, 'A hybrid recommendation approach for hierarchical items', 2010 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Knowledge Engineering, 2010 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Knowledge Engineering (ISKE), IEEE, Hangzhou, China, pp. 492-497.
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Recommender systems aim to recommend items that are likely to be of interest to the user. In many business situations, complex items are described by hierarchical tree structures, which contain rich semantic information. To recommend hierarchical items accurately, the semantic information of the hierarchical tree structures must be considered comprehensively. In this study, a new hybrid recommendation approach for complex hierarchical tree structured items is proposed. In this approach, a comprehensive semantic similarity measure model for hierarchical tree structured items is developed. It is integrated with the traditional item-based collaborative filtering approach to generate recommendations. © 2010 IEEE.

Ding, GK & Ge, J 1970, 'A challenge to sustainably improving environmental performance of existing housing stock in Australia', CIB 2010 World Congress Proceedings, International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction (CIB) Meetings, Workshops, Symposia, Conferences, CIB, Salford Quays, United Kingdom, pp. 86-98.
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A key global challenge nowadays is to address climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Climate change is one of the most pressing issues facing Australia today. Improvements to energy and water efficiency of existing building stocks can significantly cut greenhouse gas emissions and reduce utility bills. With increasing recognition that green buildings outperform conventional buildings, much less known about how green building initiatives can be incorporated into upgrading existing housing stocks. In Australia due to population growth and increased in the size of dwellings coupled with the reduction of number of person per household have put an enormous pressue on energy and water consumption. Existing houses represent approximately 98% of residential building stocks and any improvement to these dwellings will have a profound impact on reducing the negative effects of the environment. This paper examines the sustainable upgrading strategies in improving environmental performance of three existing single dwellings. This paper presents an economic analysis of sustainable upgrading using Net Present Value. The results suggest that sustainable upgrading of existing housing stocks is feasible and the scheme will be more attractive if more government financial assistance is provided.

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 1970, 'Semantic Service Retrieval and QoS Measurement in the Digital Ecosystem Environment', 2010 International Conference on Complex, Intelligent and Software Intensive Systems, 2010 International Conference on Complex, Intelligent and Software Intensive Systems (CISIS), IEEE, pp. 153-160.
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Digital Ecosystem is an innovative high-tech environment with the purpose of supporting the activities among species within the business ecosystem. In this paper, we concern about the research issue of service retrieval within such an environment. Due to the fact that species are heterogeneous and geographically dispersed, to precisely and quickly locate a service provider becomes an issue. In addition, the Digital Ecosystem environment urgently requires the structualization of service information and a set of unified QoS measurement for service ranking and evaluation. In order to unfold the issues in detail, we use the means of case study and literature survey. Eventually we formulate the research issues in this domain and provide a possible solution. © 2010 IEEE.

Doull, A & Huynh, P 1970, 'An experimental investigation of pressure loss in canvas fire hose', Proceedings of the 17th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, pp. 1-4.
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The NSW Rural Fire Service (RFS) of Australia uses canvas 'lay flaf' fire hose to deliver water at an incident. A single 'rule of thumb' figure for the estimated pressure loss over a length (approx 30m) of canvas hose is used. This figure is a general average based off figures published by the hose manufacturer. These figures in tmn were obtained from tests as per the Australian Standard AS-2792, which requires the hose to be under defined conditions. However, these conditions do not reproduce what is happening in a real-life fire-fighting situation. One example of the non-realistic conditions is the hose being laid completely straight. For, even in the most ideal situation, the hose still has to curve down from the back of the truck to the ground. In this experimental investigation, a test rig was set up to measure pressure loss over a length of canvas fire hose under a range of situations similar to how the hose will be laid in an actual scenario. The measured losses were found to be significantly greater than results published by the hose manufacturer, with the difference increasing with more severe bends and twists in the laid hose. The difference also varies with hose diameter. On the other hand, hose age was found to have a negligible effect on losses, contrary to expectation.

Dovey, K & Mooney, G 1970, 'The Social Dynamics of Generating and Leveraging Intellectual Capital for Innovation', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2ND EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL, 2nd European Conference on Intellectual Capital, ACAD CONFERENCES LTD, Lisbon, PORTUGAL, pp. 225-231.
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This paper explores the factors influencing an enterprises ability to generate and deploy intellectual capital in support of its strategic intent to innovate. Drawing on two research projects, we focus upon the leadership practices that enable an enterprise to innovatively leverage the intellectual capital that is potentially available to it. One project, using a phenomenological methodology, explores, at a high level, the social dynamics within twenty-five medium-sized enterprises noted for their innovative capabilities, in Sydney, Australia. The other project explores in finer detail, through an action research methodology, the transformation of stakeholder relationships within another medium-sized Sydney enterprise that has become highly innovative over the past five years. Our findings show that the most important forms of intangible capital for innovation are relationshipbased and are leveraged through stakeholder collaboration.

Du, R, Wang, S, Wu, Q & He, X 1970, 'Learn Concepts in Multiple-Instance Learning with Diverse Density Framework Using Supervised Mean Shift', 2010 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications, 2010 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications (DICTA), IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 643-648.
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Many machine learning tasks can be achieved by using Multiple-instance learning (MIL) when the target features are ambiguous. As a general MIL framework, Diverse Density (DD) provides a way to learn those ambiguous features by maxmising the DD estimator, and the maximum of DD estimator is called a concept. However, modeling and finding multiple concepts is often difficult especially without prior knowledge of concept number, i.e., every positive bag may contain multiple coexistent and heterogeneous concepts but we do not know how many concepts exist. In this work, we present a new approach to find multiple concepts of DD by using an supervised mean shift algorithm. Unlike classic mean shift (an unsupervised clustering algorithm), our approach for the first time introduces the class label to feature point and each point differently contributes the mean shift iterations according to its label and position. A feature point derives from an MIL instance and takes corresponding bag label. Our supervised mean shift starts from positive points and converges to the local maxima that are close to the positive points and far away from the negative points. Experiments qualitatively indicate that our approach has better properties than other DD methods. © 2010 IEEE.

Du, Y & Lu, DD-C 1970, 'Analysis of a battery-integrated boost converter for module-based series connected photovoltaic system', The 2010 International Power Electronics Conference - ECCE ASIA -, 2010 International Power Electronics Conference (IPEC - Sapporo), IEEE, pp. 694-698.
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In this paper, a battery-integrated boost converter for module-based series connected photovoltaic (PV) system is analyzed. Each PV module has its own battery and DC/DC converter. The converter achieves maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and battery charging. Application of proposed converter to module-based series connected PV system can maintain string voltage and save an additional voltage amplification stage. Steady-state analysis of the converter to determine the power flow equations is presented. Three advantages comparing with the conventional series connected boost converter are reported. Simulation and experimental results of a laboratory prototype are presented. © 2010 IEEE.

Du, ZS & Watterson, PA 1970, 'Design and implementation of a radial magnetic bearing with permanent magnet bias', AUPEC 2010 - 20th Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference: 'Power Quality for the 21st Century', Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, IEEE, Christchurch, New Zealand, pp. 1-6.
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A new yoke winding for a radial magnetic bearing with permanent magnet bias flux is investigated and shown to reduce the copper loss and copper cost, by 32% in the prototype built. Magnetic circuit analysis neglecting fringing was found to give a poor estimate of the permanent magnet bias flux and 3D finite element analysis (FEA) would be needed to model it. However, 2D FEA was sufficient to model the field in the plane of the stator laminations, providing that the correct bias flux was imposed as a boundary condition. Solutions for the axial magnetic vector potential component Az were obtained, with a discontinuity prescribed across a cut from the inner to outer domain boundary. A small prototype was built and tested on a shaft whose other end was supported by a ball bearing race with free angular movement. For each of the horizontal and vertical directions, closed loop control was applied with Hall elements providing the shaft position signal. A lead-lag controller, designed using Matlab Simulink and implemented in Turbo Pascal 6, levitated the rotor.

Duan, F, Qiu, S & Liang, B 1970, 'Virtual Trade Platform research based on customers' requirements', 2010 International Conference on Logistics Systems and Intelligent Management (ICLSIM), 2010 International Conference on Logistics Systems and Intelligent Management (ICLSIM), IEEE.
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Duan, L, Xu, D, Tsang, IW & Luo, J 1970, 'Visual event recognition in videos by learning from web data', 2010 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2010 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), IEEE, San Francisco, CA, pp. 1959-1966.
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We propose a visual event recognition framework for consumer domain videos by leveraging a large amount of loosely labeled web videos (e.g., from YouTube). First, we propose a new aligned space-time pyramid matching method to measure the distances between two video clips, where each video clip is divided into space-time volumes over multiple levels. We calculate the pair-wise distances between any two volumes and further integrate the information from different volumes with Integer-flow Earth Movers Distance (EMD) to explicitly align the volumes. Second, we propose a new cross-domain learning method in order to 1) fuse the information from multiple pyramid levels and features (i.e., space-time feature and static SIFT feature) and 2) cope with the considerable variation in feature distributions between videos from two domains (i.e., web domain and consumer domain). For each pyramid level and each type of local features, we train a set of SVM classifiers based on the combined training set from two domains using multiple base kernels of different kernel types and parameters, which are fused with equal weights to obtain an average classifier. Finally, we propose a cross-domain learning method, referred to as Adaptive Multiple Kernel Learning (A-MKL), to learn an adapted classifier based on multiple base kernels and the prelearned average classifiers by minimizing both the structural risk functional and the mismatch between data distributions from two domains. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed framework that requires only a small number of labeled consumer videos by leveraging web data.

Duan, R, Grassl, M, Ji, Z & Zeng, B 1970, 'Multi-Error-Correcting Amplitude Damping Codes', Proceedings 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT 2010), Austin, USA, June 2010, pp. 2672-2676, International Symposium on Information Theory, IEEE, Austin, USA, pp. 2672-2676.
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We construct new families of multi-error-correcting quantum codes for theamplitude damping channel. Our key observation is that, with proper encoding,two uses of the amplitude damping channel simulate a quantum erasure channel.This allows us to use concatenated codes with quantum erasure-correcting codesas outer codes for correcting multiple amplitude damping errors. Our new codesare degenerate stabilizer codes and have parameters which are better than theamplitude damping codes obtained by any previously known construction.

Duckham, M, Jeong, MH, Li, S & Renz, J 1970, 'Decentralized querying of topological relations between regions without using localization', Proceedings of the 18th SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems, GIS '10: 18th SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems, ACM, San Jose, USA, pp. 414-417.
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This paper proposes an efficient, decentralized algorithm for determining the topological relationship between two regions monitored by a geosensor network. Many centralized algorithms already exist for this purpose (used for example in spatial databases). However, these algorithms are not suited to decentralized spatial computing environments, like geosensor networks, which must operate without global knowledge of the system state and without centralized control. Unlike many existing decentralized spatial algorithms, the proposed algorithm is also able to operate in the absence of information about a node's coordinate location. This makes the algorithm suitable for applications of geosensor networks where GPS or other positioning systems are unavailable or unreliable. The algorithm approach is founded on the well-known 4-intersection model, using in-network data aggregation and spatial filtering (involving nodes only at some region boundaries). This ensures only a relatively small proportion of the network is involved in computation, thus increasing efficiency. Our analysis shows that while the overall communication complexity of the algorithm is O(n), the load balancing is optimal leading to a constant O(1) communication complexity for individual nodes. This expectation is confirmed with empirical investigation using simulation, which demonstrates the practical efficiency of the algorithm. © 2010 ACM.

Dyadyuk, V, Huang, X, Stokes, L & Pathikulangara, J 1970, 'Implementation of wideband digital beam forming in the E-band: Towards a hybrid array', European Microwave Week 2010, EuMW2010: Connecting the World, Conference Proceedings - European Microwave Conference, EuMC 2010, 40th European Microwave Conference, IEEE, Paris, FRANCE, pp. 914-917.
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This paper reports the test results of a small-scale prototype that implements a digitally beam-formed phased antenna array in the E-band. A four-channel dual-conversion receive RF module for 71-76 GHz frequency band has been developed and integrated with a linear end-fire antenna array. Wideband frequency-domain angle-of-arrival estimation and beam forming algorithms were developed and implemented using 1 Gbps OFDM QPSK symbols. Measured performance is very close to the simulated results and experimental data for an analogue-beam-formed array. This work is a stepping stone towards practical realization of larger hybrid arrays in the E-band. © 2010 EuMA.

Elbialy, S, Mahmoud, A, Pradhan, B & Buchroithner, M 1970, 'An integrated hydrological modelling approach for flood forecasting using GIS: An example of Gottleuba Catchment, Saxony, Germany', EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, p. 6118.

Elbialy, S, Mahmoud, A, Pradhan, B & Buchroithner, M 1970, 'Application of Space-borne SAR data for the extraction of soil moisture and its use in hydrological flood modelling in GIS: a case study in Gottleuba Catchment, Saxony, Germany', 38th COSPAR Scientific Assembly, p. 5.

Elliott, RM, McKinley, SM & Eager, D 1970, 'A pilot study of sound levels in an Australian adult general intensive care unit', NOISE & HEALTH, 6th Annual Congress of the World Federation of Critical Care Nurses and 10th Congress of the World Federation of the Societies of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine, WOLTERS KLUWER MEDKNOW PUBLICATIONS, Florence, Italy, pp. 26-36.
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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: High technology and activity levels in the intensive care unit (ICU) lead to high sound levels. As noise has been shown to affect the ability of patients to rest and sleep continuous sound levels are required during sleep investigations. The aim of this pilot study was to develop a robust protocol to measure continuous sound levels for a larger more substantive future study to improve sleep for the ICU patient. METHODS: A review of published studies of sound levels revealed sufficient information to develop a study protocol (twenty-three papers were used). An integrated sound level meter Class 1 was used. The microphone was placed 0.75 to 1m above the patientâs head. Sound recording was simultaneous to 24 hour sleep monitoring (polysomnography). Five broadband parameters were set: LAeq, LCpeak, LAFmax, LAFmin and LCeq along with LZ spectra recorded at a sampling and logging frequency of one sample per second. RESULTS: The study protocol resulted in 10 usable recordings out of 11 attempts to collect pilot data. The mean recording time was 17.49±4.5 hours. Sound levels exceeded recommendations made by the World Health Organization (WHO) for hospitals. The mean equivalent sound level (LAeq) was 56.22±1.65 dB and LA90 was 46.8±2.46 dB. CONCLUSION: The data reveal the requirement for a noise reduction program within this ICU. GRANT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: Australian College of Critical Care Nurses awarded a research grant of A$15,000 in 2008.

Erdei, L, Dackermann, U & Ball, JE 1970, 'Data-Driven Modelling Of Low-Pressure Hybrid Membrane Filtration Using Multivariate Polynomial Regression', Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Hydroinformatics 2010, International Conference on Hydroinformatics, Chemical Industry Press, Tianjin, CHINA, pp. 1175-1182.
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Hybrid membrane filtration processes involve complex physical, chemical, and biological phenomena, thus their mechanistic modelling is overly challenging. In this study we use multivariate polynomials to model the fouling of an in-line flocculationâsubmerged membrane filtration system. The performance of obtained models is comparable to that of artificial neural network (ANN) models, to suit the needs of process optimisation and plant control. Their additional advantages are rapid model construction, easy presentation, inspection, and use.

Erfani, SZ, Mojtahedi, SMH & Mousavi, SM 1970, 'Evaluating and implementing of Knowledge Management in the Mobile Telephone Switching Office', 2010 IEEE International Conference on Management of Innovation & Technology, 2010 IEEE International Conference on Management of Innovation & Technology, IEEE, pp. 904-909.
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This research seeks to explore the current Knowledge Management cycle practice in the Mobile Telephone Switching Office including knowledge creation, knowledge organization, knowledge sharing and knowledge leverage. The Mobile Telephone Switching Office is located in the Sistan and Baluchistan province in the southeast of Iran. We have presented the proposed model by using the knowledge management concept and taking advantage from the concept of EFQM excellence model and Deming cycle, by the purpose of continuous improvement. This paper suggests proper KM implementation is a managerial approach that can turn an organization to an agile one. In order to verify and validate the performed research the planned model has been accomplished in the Mobile Telephone Switching Office, positive and acceptable results were obtained and organizations total factor productivity increase was achieved which was appreciated by the organization. © 2010 IEEE.

Fang, G, Dutkiewicz, E, Yu, K, Vesilo, R & Yu, Y 1970, 'Distributed Inter-Network Interference Coordination for Wireless Body Area Networks', 2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference GLOBECOM 2010, GLOBECOM 2010 - 2010 IEEE Global Communications Conference, IEEE.
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In this paper we consider the inter-network interference problem in Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs). We propose a distributed inter-network interference aware power control algorithm motivated by game theory. A power control game is formulated considering both interference between nearby networks and energy efficiency of WBANs. We derive a distributed power control algorithm called ProActive Power Update (PAPU), which can efficiently find the Nash Equilibrium representing the best tradeoff between energy and network utility. A realistic power control procedure is proposed assuming limited cooperation between WBANs. We compare our algorithm with the ADP algorithm where users are punished for interfering with others and we show that our solution can utilize energy much more efficiently by only sacrificing a small amount of network utility. In addition, we show that by adjusting the energy price, PAPU provides a methodology for application scenarios where WBANs have different energy constraints and quality of service requirements. ©2010 IEEE.

Fang, T & Ball, JE 1970, 'Parameter Uncertainty And Interactions In A Complex Catchment Modelling System', Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Hydroinformatics 2010, International Conference on Hydroinformatics, Chemical Industry Press, Tianjin, CHINA, pp. 1359-1366.
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The importance of estimating parameter uncertainty has been recognised in the literature with Bayesian methods being the most popular approaches for undertaking parameter uncertainty estimation. With these approaches, the parameter uncertainty is described by the posterior distribution. Application of these methods usually requires a priori knowledge about the proposal distribution of the values of the parameters. However, usually there is little a priori knowledge about the proposal distribution for the parameter values in many catchment models. Furthermore, the difficulties of exploring posterior distribution of parameter values increases as the dimensionality of the problem increases. An alternative approach is to use a GLUE methodology to develop a heuristic estimate of the parameter uncertainty. In this application of a GLUE framework, a real-value coding genetic algorithm was used to undertake an uncertainty analysis on spatially variable control parameters associated with implementation of the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). The focus of the study was to investigate the values of spatially variable control parameters that are associated with behavioural parameter sets in a complex catchment modelling system. Of particular concern was the frequency that values within a defined range occurred. Interactions among the values of the spatially variable parameters were investigated also. Results obtained from an application of the Pearson Correlation method indicated no clear relationship between any two control parameter values. However, distinct relationships among a group of parameters were detected suggesting that the simulation performance was affected more by the combination of parameter values than by the values of the individual parameters.

Far, H, Fatahi, B & Samali, B 1970, 'Seismic Behaviour of Steel Moment Resisting Buildings on Soft Soil Considering Soil-Structure Interaction', Proceeding of the 14 European Conference on Earthquake Engineering 2010, European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Macedonian Association for Earthquake Engineering (MAEE), Ohrid, Macedonia, pp. 1720-1727.
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The 1985 Mexico City and many other recent earthquakes clearly illustrate the importance of local soil properties on the earthquake response of structures. These earthquakes demonstrated that the rock motions could be amplified at the base of the structure. Therefore, there is a strong engineering motivation for a site-dependent dynamic response analysis for many foundations to determine the free-field earthquake motions. The determination of a realistic site-dependent free-field surface motion at the base of the structure can be the most important step in the earthquake resistant design of structures. In this study, the effects of Soil-Structure Interaction on seismic behaviour of steel moment resisting building frames have been studied using Finite Difference Method. Two types of mid-rise structures, including 5 and 15 storey buildings on a soft soil deposit have been selected and analysed under influence of three different earthquake acceleration records. The above mentioned frames been analysed under two different boundary conditions: (i) fixed-base (no soil-structure interaction), and (ii) flexible-base (considering soil-structure interaction). The results of the analyses in terms of structural forces and lateral displacements for the above mentioned boundary conditions have been compared and discussed. It is concluded that the dynamic soil-structure interaction plays a significant role in the seismic behaviour of the mentioned building frames including substantial increment in lateral inter-storey drifts of the structures and changing the performance level of the structures from life safe to near collapse or total collapse. Thus, Considering SSI effects in seismic design of steel moment resisting building frames resting on soft soil deposit is essential.

Far, H, Samali, B & Fatahi, B 1970, 'Effects of Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction on Inelastic Behaviour of Mid-Rise Moment Resisting Buildings on Soft Soils', AEES Conference 2010 - Australian Earthquake Engineering Society 2010 Conference, Australian Earthquake Engineering Society Conference, Australian Earthquake Engineering Society, Perth, Western Australia, pp. 1-11.
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In this study, a ten storey moment resisting building frame, representing the conventional type of regular mid-rise building frames, resting on shallow foundation, is selected in conjunction with a clayey soil, representing subsoil class Ee, as classified in the AS 1170.4. The structural sections are designed after applying dynamic nonlinear time history analysis, based on both elastic method, and inelastic procedure using elastic-perfectly plastic behaviour of structural elements. The frame sections are modelled and analysed, employing Finite Difference Method using FLAC 2D software under two different boundary conditions: (i) fixed-base (no Soil-Structure Interaction), and (ii) considering Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI). Fully nonlinear dynamic analysis under influence of different earthquake records is conducted and the results of the two different cases for elastic and inelastic behaviour of the structural model are extracted and compared respectively. The results indicate that the lateral deflection increments for both cases are substantially dominating and can change the performance level of the structures from life safe to near collapse or total collapse. Therefore, conventional elastic and inelastic structural analysis methods assuming fixed-base structure may no longer be adequate to guarantee the structural safety. Therefore, considering SSI effects in seismic design of concrete moment resisting building frames resting on soft soil deposit is essential.

Fatahi, B, Far, H & Samali, B 1970, 'Influence Of Soil Characteristics On Seismic Response Of Mid-Rise Moment Resisting Buildings Considering Soil-Structure Interaction', Seismic Engineering Design for Management of Geohazards - Proceedings of the 2010 Symposium, Seismic Engineering Design for Management of Geohazards, The Australian Geomechanics Society, Sydney, NSW, Australia, pp. 67-74.
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In this study, a fifteen storey moment resisting building frame, representing the conventional types of regular mid-rise building frames, resting on a shallow foundation, is selected in conjunction with three soil types with the shear wave velocity less that 600m/s, representing classes Ce, De and Ee, according to AS 1170.4. Characteristics of the employed soils have been extracted from the available geotechnical investigation reports of various projects. Furthermore, the structure is modelled considering the three mentioned types of the subsoil medium underneath employing the Finite Difference approach using FLAC 2D software. Three strong ground motion records adopted by the international community as benchmark earthquakes are used. These are the 1968 Hachinohe, the 1995 Kobe and the 1994 Northridge earthquakes. Fully nonlinear dynamic analysis under influence of different earthquake records is conducted, and the results of the three different cases are compared and discussed. The results indicate that the dynamic properties of the subsoil play a significant role in seismic response of the building frames under the influence of soil-structure interaction. As the shear wave velocity of the subsoil decreases, lateral deflections and inter-storey drifts of the structures increase which can change the performance level of the structures from life safe to near collapse or total collapse.

Feng, J-Y, Wang, M-C, Wang, C & Cao, L-B 1970, 'Enhanced co-occurrence distances for categorical data in unsupervised learning', 2010 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, 2010 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (ICMLC), IEEE, Qingdao, pp. 2071-2078.
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Distance metrics for categorical data play an important role in unsupervised learning such as clustering. They also dramatically affect learning accuracy and computational complexities. Recently, two co-occurrence methods, Co-occurrence Distance based on

Fookes, C, Denman, S, Lakemond, R, Ryan, D, Sridharan, S & Piccardi, M 1970, 'Semi-supervised intelligent surveillance system for secure environments', 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE 2010), IEEE, Bari, Italy, pp. 2815-2820.
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This paper proposes a semi-supervised intelligent visual surveillance system to exploit the information from multi-camera networks for the monitoring of people and vehicles. Modules are proposed to perform critical surveillance tasks including: the manag

Gaddis, E, Adams, C & Voinov, A 1970, 'Effective engagement of stakeholders in Total Maximum Daily Load development and implementation', Modelling for Environment's Sake: Proceedings of the 5th Biennial Conference of the International Environmental Modelling and Software Society, iEMSs 2010, pp. 530-538.
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Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) identify the maximum amount of pollution that a water body can receive and still support its designated uses and allocates the maximum load to specific sources in the watershed. In the United States, The Clean Water Act requires public participation in the process of TMDL development. This requirement has been met through simple presentation of results at public meetings, strategic partnerships with key stakeholders, and/or to advisory committees in which stakeholders participate in critical decisions about TMDL definition and implementation. These decisions include model selection and assumptions, selection of water quality endpoints, load allocations, TMDL review, and implementation planning. In this article, we discuss the benefits and challenges of early and targeted engagement of stakeholders in TMDL development through a participatory modelling process based on our experience in Utah and Vermont.

Gang Lei, Shao, KR, Yang, GY, Youguang Guo, Jianguo Zhu & Lavers, JD 1970, 'Sequential design of experiments techniques for the optimization design of electromagnetic devices', Digests of the 2010 14th Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation, 2010 14th Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation (CEFC 2010), IEEE.
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Three sequential design of experiments (uniform, Latin hypercube and central composite designs) techniques are presented to deal with the optimization design problems of electromagnetic devices. These methods can be employed not only as the sampling techniques for the sequential optimization method, but also as a direct sampling optimization method. Thereafter, we use a TEAM Workshop problem to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed methods. From the experiments and the comparison, we can see that the proposed methods can produce satisfactory solutions, and the compute cost of the total finite element analysis can be remarkably reduced. © 2010 IEEE.

Gao, S, Tsang, IW-H & Chia, L-T 1970, 'Kernel Sparse Representation for Image Classification and Face Recognition', Computer Vision - ECCV 2010, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, European Conference on Computer Vision, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Crete, Greece, pp. 1-14.
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Recent research has shown the effectiveness of using sparse coding(Sc) to solve many computer vision problems. Motivated by the fact that kernel trick can capture the nonlinear similarity of features, which may reduce the feature quantization error and boost the sparse coding performance, we propose Kernel Sparse Representation(KSR). KSR is essentially the sparse coding technique in a high dimensional feature space mapped by implicit mapping function. We apply KSR to both image classification and face recognition. By incorporating KSR into Spatial Pyramid Matching(SPM), we propose KSRSPM for image classification. KSRSPM can further reduce the information loss in feature quantization step compared with Spatial Pyramid Matching using Sparse Coding(ScSPM). KSRSPM can be both regarded as the generalization of Efficient Match Kernel(EMK) and an extension of ScSPM. Compared with sparse coding, KSR can learn more discriminative sparse codes for face recognition. Extensive experimental results show that KSR outperforms sparse coding and EMK, and achieves state-of-the-art performance for image classification and face recognition on publicly available datasets.

Gao, S, Tsang, IW-H, Chia, L-T & Zhao, P 1970, 'Local features are not lonely &#x2013; Laplacian sparse coding for image classification', 2010 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2010 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), IEEE, San Francisco, CA, pp. 3555-3561.
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Sparse coding which encodes the original signal in a sparse signal space, has shown its state-of-the-art performance in the visual codebook generation and feature quantization process of BoW based image representation. However, in the feature quantization process of sparse coding, some similar local features may be quantized into different visual words of the codebook due to the sensitiveness of quantization. In this paper, to alleviate the impact of this problem, we propose a Laplacian sparse coding method, which will exploit the dependence among the local features. Specifically, we propose to use histogram intersection based kNN method to construct a Laplacian matrix, which can well characterize the similarity of local features. In addition, we incorporate this Laplacian matrix into the objective function of sparse coding to preserve the consistence in sparse representation of similar local features. Comprehensive experimental results show that our method achieves or outperforms existing state-of-the-art results, and exhibits excellent performance on Scene 15 data set.

Gao, S, Wang, Z, Chia, L-T & Tsang, IW-H 1970, 'Automatic image tagging via category label and web data', Proceedings of the 18th ACM international conference on Multimedia, MM '10: ACM Multimedia Conference, ACM, pp. 1115-1118.
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Image tagging is an important technique for the image content understanding and text based image processing. Given a selection of images, how to tag these images efficiently and effectively is an interesting problem. In this paper, a novel semi-auto image tagging technique is proposed: By assigning each image a category label first, our method can automatically recommend those promising tags to each image by utilizing existing vast web data. The main contributions of our paper can be highlighted as follows: (i) By assigning each image a category label, our method can automatically recommend other tags to the image, thus reducing the human annotation efforts. Meanwhile, our method guarantee tags' diversity due to abundant web data. (ii) We use sparse coding to automatically select those semantically related images for tag propagation. (iii) Local & global ranking agglomeration will make our method robust to noisy tags. We use Event dataset as the images to be tagged, and crawled Flickr images with their associated tags according to the category label in Event dataset as the auxiliary web data. Experimental results show that our method achieves promising performance for image tagging, which proves the effectiveness of our method. © 2010 ACM.

Gao, Y, Zhang, G, Lu, J & Wee, H-M 1970, 'A BI-LEVEL PRICING MODEL AND A PSO BASED ALGORITHM IN SUPPLY CHAINS', INTELLIGENT DECISION MAKING SYSTEMS, International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Knowledge Engineering, WORLD SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING ACAD AND SOC, Hasselt Univ, Hasselt, BELGIUM, pp. 394-401.
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Due to rapid technological innovation and severe competition, in hi-tech industries such as computers and communication, the upstream component price and the downstream product cost usually decline significantly with time. In such a background, an effective pricing supply chain model becomes crucial. This paper first establishes a bi-level pricing model for pricing problems for a buyer and a vendor in a supply chain. Then, a particle swarm optimization Q>SO) based algorithm is developed to solve the problem defined by this model. Experiments illustrate that this algorithm can achieve more profits for both a buyer and a vendor compared with the existing methods.

Gardner, A & Willey, K 1970, 'Does pre-feedback self reflection improve student engagement, learning outcomes and tutor facilitation of group feedback sessions?', Engineering Education 2010: Inspiring the Next Generation of Engineers, EE 2010, Engineering Education Conference, The Higher Education Academy Engineering Subject Centre, Aston University, UK, pp. 1-10.
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The authors have previously reported the effectiveness of using self and peer assessment to improve learning outcomes by providing opportunities to practise, assess and provide feedback on students' learning and development. Despite this work and the research of others, we observed some students felt they had nothing to learn from feedback sessions. Hence they missed the opportunity for reflection and to receive feedback to complete the learning cycle. This behaviour suggested that students needed more guidance to facilitate deeper engagement. We hypothesised that student engagement would increase if they were provided with guiding 'feedback catalyst questions' to initiate reflection and facilitate effective feedback on learning outcomes. In this paper we report testing whether this approach assisted students to gain more benefit from the self and peer assessment feedback sessions. In our investigation both students and tutors were asked to evaluate the effectiveness of the feedback catalyst questions in improving student engagement and learning. We found that the pre-feedback self reflection exercise improved learning outcomes and student engagement with more than 80% of students reporting multiple benefits. Furthermore tutors reported that the exercise assisted them to facilitate their sessions. However, not surprisingly the degree of success was related in part to the attitude of the tutor to the exercise. This suggests that while the feedback catalyst questions were extremely effective there is no substitute for enthusiastic and engaging tutorial staff. © 2010 Gardner & Willey.

Gardner, AP & Jolly, L 1970, 'Past, Present, Future - the 'keys' to engineering education reseach & practice', Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference of the Australasian Association for Engineering Education, Annual Conference of the Australasian Association for Engineeering Education, Faculty of Engineering & IT, University of Technology, Sydney, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia.

Gardner, AP & Willey, K 1970, 'Critical Conversations: How Collaborative Learning Activities Can Prepare Students for Structural Engineering Practice', Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference for the Australasian Association for Engineering Education, Annual Conference of Australasian Association for Engineering Education, University of Technology, Sydney, Sydney, Australia, pp. 468-476.
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Junior structural engineers rarely work alone. Their design calculations are usually peer reviewed, and they may be involved in reviewing other engineersâ designs. They are also likely to have to articulate their design decisions to their supervisor or the project team, if not the client. At the University of Technology, Sydney the authors redesigned the asssessment tasks in the subject Concrete Design to be collaborative learning-oriented tasks that provide an opportunity for students to develop and practice the skills they will need to interact with other professionals in the workplace and continue learning during their career. We theorised that allowing students to collaborate during quizzes and a project would make these activities more learning-oriented, in that students would actively learn from each other while completing their assessment. Data from various sources were collected to examine the impact of this collaborative assessment on student learning. These sources included instructor observation, analysis of student responses to a reflection activity, student surveys and student results. Students reported that not only were these activities enjoyable but they also significantly improved their learning.

Gay, V, Leijdekkers, P & Barin, E 1970, 'Feasibility trial of a novel mobile cardiac rehabilitation application', The 12th IEEE International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services, 2010 12th IEEE International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom 2010), IEEE, Lyon, France, pp. 86-92.
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A trial with a cardiac rehabilitation centre is in progress where we test a novel cardiac rehab application using a standard mobile phone and wireless sensors. The goal is to obtain insight how remote monitoring compares to conventional rehabilitation methods in terms of adherence to cardiac rehabilitation programmes. In this trial we seek feedback from patients and health professionals regarding usability and practicability of the software and hardware used and we investigate whether the use of the novel mobile rehabilitation application provides clinically meaningful reassurance to patients during their cardiac rehabilitation. The trial also investigates whether physical and psychological measures improve using the system. This paper describes the mobile cardiac rehabilitation application as well as the setup of the trial.

Gay, VC & Leijdekkers, P 1970, 'Body Sensor networks for Mobile Health Monitoring', 2010 Fourth International Conference on Digital society ICDS 2010, 2010 Fourth International Conference on Digital society ICDS 2010, IEEE Computer Society, St Maarten, Netherlands Antilles, pp. 204-209.
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Abstractâ Remote ambulatory monitoring is widely seen as playing a key part in addressing the impending crisis in health care provision. We describe two mobile health solutions, one developed in the Netherlands and one in Australia. In both cases patientsâ biosignals are measured by means of body worn sensors which communicate wirelessly with a handheld device. Alarms and biosignals can be transmitted over wireless communication links to a remote location, and a remote health professional can view the biosignals via a web application. The clinical purposes are similar, however the technological approaches differ in some respects. We compare the two approaches and the experience gained working with a number of different patient groups and clinical specialties during trials in Europe and Australia.

George, L, Lehmann, T & Hamilton, TJ 1970, 'Reusable Power Supply ICs for E-Waste Reduction in Mobile Consumer Electronics', Proceedings of the Annual International Conference on Infocomm Technologies in Competitive Strategies, Annual International Conference on Infocomm Technologies in Competitive Strategies, Global Science and Technology Forum.
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Gerber, C, Crews, K, Foscoliano, M & Agus, S 1970, 'Development of timber concrete composite flooring in Australia and New Zealand', 11th World Conference on Timber Engineering 2010, WCTE 2010, pp. 139-146.
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In 2007 a major R&D project commenced in Australia, investigating the performance of timber concrete composite flooring systems for potential application in non residential buildings. In mid 2008 the scope of the project was extended with the formation of the Structural Timber Innovation Company, which is a research consortium of government, industry and the University's of Canterbury, Auckland and UTS in Sydney. The two year project has been undertaken by the University of Technology, Sydney in collaboration with the University of Canterbury, (NZ) and had focused on developing and characterising the performance of various types of timber / concrete connections. This paper describes the work undertaken in this project, including optimisation of connection geometries and presents the results of testing of over 100 connection assemblies, as well as discussing constructability issues that need to be addressed for this type of technology to gain acceptance in Australia and New Zealand and discussing current research that will continue until 2012.

Godfrey, E, Aubrey, T & King, R 1970, 'Who leaves and who stays? Retention and attrition in engineering education', Engineering Education 2010: Inspiring the Next Generation of Engineers, EE 2010, Engineering Education Conference, The Higher Education Academy Engineering Subject Centre, Aston University, UK, pp. 1-13.
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At a time of high demand for engineering graduates, the mean graduation completion rate of engineering undergraduates in Australia has been identified as approximately 54% (with considerable variation across institutions and sectors). This proportion of non-completions has been viewed as an excessive loss to the qualified workforce of Australia. Broad brush, government-collected statistics do not, however, provide the level of detail required to understand who leaves, when and why they leave, and where they go. This paper reports on a pilot study undertaken to precede and inform final decisions on research design and methodology for a multi institutional project seeking to understand and reduce student attrition from engineering degrees across Australia. The aim of the project is to produce guidelines on curriculum formulation and delivery strategies to reduce attrition in engineering programs while meeting outcomes. The pilot study was conducted at an institution which has a relatively diverse range of students, a high proportion of whom study part time, and engineering degree structures incorporating traditional and internship-based degrees. Results from a cohort analysis, tracking pathways to completion or non-completion of the degree for the cohorts from two specific entry years will be presented. From this analysis, groups of students who 'persisted over long periods', 'switched to another degree' or 'withdrew from the university' were identified and interviewed. Their experiences and stories, were an essential ingredient for a better understanding of the dynamics of retention/attrition and factors which required further questioning before proceeding with the multi institutional study. © 2009 Authors.

Godfrey, E, Aubrey, T & King, R 1970, 'Work in progress &#x2014; Academic Pathways of People Learning Engineering &#x2014; An Australian study', 2010 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), 2010 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), IEEE.
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In Australia a multi-institutional project is underway, with one of its major themes the understanding and reduction of attrition in engineering programs. The Academic Pathways for People Learning Engineering Survey (APPLES) instrument was trialled at a participating institution as a possible precursor to its application in the eight collaborating institutions. APPLES had been validated and delivered to over 4000 engineering undergraduates by the Academic Pathways Study in the US. The survey was trialled with 259 engineering students from different year levels to explore its potential to find links between students' perceptions of their motivation, skills and confidence with their goals to continue to degree completion and employment in engineering. This paper reports on the initial findings from the Australian pilot study. Matching the self reported data in the survey with statistical data has, even at this initial stage, highlighted some discrepancies and topics for further investigation. © 2010 IEEE.

Godfrey, E, Aubrey, T, Crosthwaite, C & King, R 1970, 'Who leaves and when do they go? Retention and attrition in engineering education', 2010 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), 2010 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), IEEE.
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At a time of high demand for engineering graduates, the mean graduation completion rate of engineering undergraduates in Australia has been identified as approximately 54% (with considerable variation across institutions and sectors). This paper reports on the initial results of cohort analyses undertaken at two engineering degree granting institutions as part of a multi institutional project seeking to understand and reduce student attrition from engineering degrees across Australia. Both institutions have a predominantly urban student population and location, but whilst one offers a conventional four year degree the other integrates two semesters of internship into its degree structure. A cohort analysis procedure, tracking pathways to completion or non-completion of the degree, applicable across diverse institutions, was piloted. Attributes such as gender, academic background, full or part time study, engineering major and student maturity were identified for each member of the cohort. The patterns revealed by these fine grained cohort analyses challenged some anecdotal perceptions and provided evidence of the inadequate nature of generalizations around attrition statistics, and the need for institutional context and culture to be considered. © 2010 Crown.

Goldfinch, T & Gardner, A 1970, 'The wheel has already been invented: Facilitating students' use of existing mechanics resources', Engineering Education 2010: Inspiring the Next Generation of Engineers, EE 2010, Engineering Education Conference, The Higher Education Academy Engineering Subject Centre, Aston University, UK, pp. 1-6.
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Weve been teaching engineering mechanics to first year engineering students for a long time, yet at many engineering faculties around the world there are still significant failure rates⋯ Educators have tried many different approaches to address persistent high failure rates in first year engineering mechanics courses. These approaches often involve the development of new mechanics learning resources in a variety of styles depending on the perceived learning obstacle. As part of a project funded by the Australian Learning and Teaching Council on addressing student learning diversity in engineering mechanics we have developed a framework for reviewing these existing learning resources. This framework has been used to create a database of references to resources, categorising them by attributes such as topics covered and depth of coverage, suitable student learning styles, appropriate learner levels, copyright and accessibility issues. While it is anticipated that academics will use the database to complement their normal subject delivery, it has been developed with student users as the main target audience. Student focus groups have shown that independent study can be ineffective, particularly after hours when assistance is unavailable. The aim of this database is to encourage students to be proactive in improving the quality of their learning by assisting them to select learning resources best suited to their needs, in both content and style of delivery. In this paper we describe the elements of the framework used to review engineering mechanics resources, the resultant database of resources, and the planned evaluation of its effectiveness in improving learning outcomes. The authors intend to demonstrate use of the database at the conference. © 2010 Goldfinch & Gardner.

Goldfinch, T, Gardner, AP, McCarthy, T, Henderson, A, Thomas, G & Carew, A 1970, 'A Tool for Online Mechanics Learning Resource Sharing', Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference for the Australasian Association for Engineering Education, 21st Annual Conference for the Australasian Association for Engineering Education (AaeE 2010), University of Technology, Sydney, Sydney, Australia, pp. 448-453.
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Many hours and dollars have been spent developing new resources to improve learning outcomes in engineering mechanics courses. While many of these have been developed into packaged learning systems, available for purchase by other universities, a large proportion are available free of charge for students looking to expand their study options. Over the past eighteen months, a group of engineering academics, through Australian Learning and Teaching Council funding, has been working to develop a way of guiding students towards these online engineering mechanics learning resources. One of the outcomes of this work is an online, database-driven directory of existing online learning resources which are free for students to use in independent study. The database guides students towards resources through a range of search criteria that resources have each been evaluated on, including: Depth of topic coverage; suitable study patterns; appropriate learner level; learning styles, etc. This paper details the development, features, and intended uses of the database. It presents a plan for researching the effect that guided access to additional online learning resources has on perceptions of learning in first year engineering mechanics courses. The authors also extend an invitation to other educators to contribute to the system and promote its use to students in their classes.

Goldie, J, McGregor, C & Murphy, B 1970, 'Determining levels of arousal using electrocardiography: A study of HRV during transcranial magnetic stimulation', 2010 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology, 2010 32nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC 2010), IEEE, Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA, pp. 1198-1201.
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Gong, L, Xu, Y, Liu, B, Gui, L, Rong, B, Wu, Y & Zhang, W 1970, 'A Modified Belief Propagation Algorithm Based on Attenuation of the Extrinsic LLR', 2010 IEEE 72nd Vehicular Technology Conference - Fall, 2010 IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2010-Fall), IEEE, Ottawa, CANADA.
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Gong, R, Wang, S, Luo, X, Qiu, J, Zhu, JG & Guo, Y 1970, 'Simulation and optimization of structure parameters in 550kV disconnectors based on Response Surface Method', Digests of the 2010 14th Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation, 2010 14th Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation (CEFC 2010), IEEE.
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In this paper, the simulation and optimization electric field distribution in 550kV disconnectors of Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) are investigated employing the Finite Element Method (FEM) and Response Surface Method (RSM). The simulation results reveal that a uniform electric field distribution is achieved in 550kV disconnectors of GIS. This optimal prototype of disconnectors has been undertaken the experiments under power frequency withstanding voltage of 740kV for 1 minute, lightening impulse of 1675kV, and operating impulse of 1300kV, respectively. The structure design and the reliability of the optimized disconnectors are verified. © 2010 IEEE.

Grant, S, Dyson, LE & Robertson, T 1970, 'A participatory approach to the inclusion of indigenous Australians in information technology', Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Participatory Design Conference, PDC '10: The 11th Biennial Participatory Design Conference, ACM, University of Technology Sydney, Australia, pp. 207-210.
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Improving Indigenous access to university education has been a major focus in Australia over the last four decades. However, despite success in several areas of recognised priority to the Indigenous community, participation in Information Technology (IT) degree programs remained very low throughout the 1980s and â90s. The University of Technology, Sydney began a project to address this very issue in 2001. The Indigenous Participation in IT Project was initiated by the Faculty of Information Technology in collaboration with Indigenous Australians and members of staff of the Faculty. This project culminated in the design of a participatory IT program that has successfully seen the numbers of Indigenous students and staff in the Faculty increase. A number of factors were identified as contributing to this success. These included an improvement to recruitment processes, the building of a personalised approach to student support and the growing acceptance of the program as part of the academic culture of the faculty. Additionally, of great importance has been the development of the program as a collaboration between Indigenous staff and students and nonIndigenous staff at all levels of decision making and implementation.

Gunsel, A & Cetindamar, D 1970, 'Technology Audit: An Empirical Study on SMEs of Istanbul', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON INNOVATION AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP, 5th European Conference on Entrepreneurship and Innovation, ACAD CONFERENCES LTD, Natl & Kapodistrian Univ Athens, Athens, GREECE, pp. 263-272.

Guo, W, Xu, C, Ma, S & Xu, M 1970, 'Visual Attention Based Motion Object Detection and Trajectory Tracking', 11th Pacific Rim Conference on Multimedia, Springer, Shanghai China, pp. 462-470.
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A motion trajectory tracking method using a novel visual attention model and kernel density estimation is proposed in this paper. As a crucial step, moving objects detection is based on visual attention. The visual attention model is built by combination of the static and motion feature attention map and a Karhunen-Loeve transform (KLT) distribution map. Since the visual attention analysis is conducted on object level instead of pixel level, the proposed method can detect any kinds of motion objects provided saliency without the affection of objects appearance and surrounding circumstance. After locating the region of moving object, the kernel density is estimated for trajectory tracking. The experimental results show that the proposed method is promising for moving objects detection and trajectory tracking.

Guo, W, Xu, C, Ma, S & Xu, M 1970, 'Visual attention based small object segmentation in natual images', 2010 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 2010 17th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2010), IEEE, Hongkong, pp. 1565-1568.
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Small object segmentation is a challenging task in image processing and computer vision. In this paper we propose a visual attention based segmentation approach to segment interesting objects with small size in natural images. Different from traditional methods which use the single feature vectors, visual attention analysis is used on local and global features to extract the region of interesting objects. Within the region selected by visual attention analysis, Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) is applied to further locate the object region. By incorporation of visual attention analysis into object segmentation, the proposed approach is able to narrow the searching region for object segmentation so as to increase the segmentation accuracy and reduce the computational complex. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach is efficient for object segmentation in natural images, especially for small objects. The proposed method outperforms traditional GMM based segmentation significantly. © 2010 IEEE.

Guo, Y, Jin, J, Zhu, J, Lu, H & Xu, W 1970, 'Performance analysis of a linear synchronous motor with HTS bulk magnets', The XIX International Conference on Electrical Machines - ICEM 2010, 2010 XIX International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM), IEEE, Rome, Italy, pp. 1-5.
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The study on high temperature superconducting (HTS) bulk magnets and their application has attracted much attention. This paper presents the performance analysis of a linear synchronous motor (LSM) with HTS bulk magnets for driving an HTS maglev vehicle model. Finite element magnetic field analysis is carried out for computing the magnetic field distribution and key parameters of the LSM, and an equivalent electrical circuit is then applied to predict the motor performance, showing that the presented motor is appropriate for driving the model vehicle. The LSM has been prototyped, installed in the maglev vehicle model, and tested for validating the theoretical analysis.

Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Wang, Y, Lu, H & Lin, Z 1970, 'Performance Analysis of a Permanent Magnet Claw Pole SMC Motor with a Nonlinear Inductance Model', Proceedings of Asia-Pacific Symposium on Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics (APSAEM2010), Japan Society of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, Kuala Lumper, Malaysia, pp. 348-351.

Guobiao Yang, Yi Sun, Haibo Wu, Jun Li, Ning Liu & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'A trust model in P4P-integrated P2P networks based on domain management', The IEEE symposium on Computers and Communications, 2010 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC), IEEE, pp. 824-829.
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P4P (Provider Portal for Applications) integrated P2P (peer-to-peer) network is one of the main trends of P2P networks. While P4P brings advantages to P2P, it also brings new challenges in solving trust problems in P2P networks. In this paper, we consider the P4P's characteristics, domain partition and strategy matrix guidance, and propose a novel domain-based trust model for P2P networks. In our model, we distinguish peer's intra-domain behavior and inter-domain behavior. Peer's intra-domain good behavior does not mean that the peer also behaves well when interacting with other domain's peers, due to P4P's inter-domain traffic control. In addition, we give each domain a trust value, using them to modify the strategy matrix provided by P4P. Simulation results show that our model can effectively distinguish good peers and malicious peers. Even when a peer behaves well in its own domain, our method can make other domains cooperate together to evaluate the peer's bad inter-domain behavior. Lastly, using the domain's trust value to modify the P4P's strategy matrix can reduce the impact of malicious peers' cheating behavior on forming the strategy matrix. © 2010 IEEE.

Ha, PN, Fujita, H, Ozaki, K & Uchida, N 1970, 'Analysis and control of the heat distribution in a zone-control induction heating system', The 2010 International Power Electronics Conference - ECCE ASIA -, 2010 International Power Electronics Conference (IPEC - Sapporo), IEEE, Sapporo, Japan, pp. 2324-2330.
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This paper deals with analysis and control of the heat distribution in zone-control induction heating (ZCIH) systems. A ZCIH system consists of two or more split working coils and inverter units, which enables to control the heat and/or temperature distribution on the workpiece by adjusting the current amplitude through each working coil. This paper carries out the theoretical analysis of the generated heat in the workpiece, and reveals a relation between the coil currents and the heat distribution. As a results, it is also clarified that the heat distribution can be estimated by a simple calculation using a three-dimensional resistance matrix. The experimental results are shown to verify the validity of the developed theory by using a six-zone ZCIH laboratory setup.

Hagelstein, B, Abolhasan, M, Franklin, DR & Safaei, F 1970, 'An efficient opportunistic cooperative diversity protocol for IEEE 802.11 networks.', IWCMC, International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference, ACM, Caen, France, pp. 417-421.
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Opportunistic cooperation promises to enhance the user experience when streaming media over wireless devices by improving wireless network reliability at the link level. This paper presents DAFMAC, an efficient cooperative diversity partner selection algorithm for IEEE 802.11 devices. Simulation results show DAFMAC provides a significantly higher transmission reliability in poor channel conditions than traditional ARQ techniques without modifying the device hardware. Further analysis shows the low overhead of DAFMAC makes it highly competitive with other proposed cooperative retransmission mechanisms in an ad-hoc network.

Hai Zhao, Dengqing Cao & Xinqun Zhu 1970, 'Aerodynamic flutter and limit cycle analysis for a 2-D wing with pitching freeplay in the supersonic flow', 2010 3rd International Symposium on Systems and Control in Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2010 3rd International Symposium on Systems and Control in Aeronautics and Astronautics (ISSCAA 2010), IEEE, pp. 1105-1109.
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The problem of flutter and limit cycle oscillation (LCO) for two-degrees-of freedom airfoil with structural and aerodynamic nonlinearities is addressed in this paper. The model which includes freeplay in pitching is established using the Lagrange equation. The aerodynamic lift and moment are derived in terms of the 3rd-order piston theory. The forth order Runge-Kutta method is employed to solve the nonlinear dynamic equations numerically. Period response, multi-periodic response and chaotic motion are observed after investigating the phase plane and power spectral density diagrams. Bifurcation diagram of the pitching is obtained with gradually increasing values of the dimensionless air speed. The results indicate that the critical flutter speed is lower than that of the system without freeplay. It can be also concluded from the simulation that the initial value and the magnitude of the freeplay have significant effects on the dynamic motion of the system in both regions of stable and LCO. The dimensionless air speed region in which the system behaves chaotic motion is wider than that reported in the existing literature. ©2010 IEEE.

Hamedanimojarrad, P, Adam, G, Ray, A, Vessalas, K, Thomas, P & Thomas, S 1970, 'A novel multi-functional expansive additive for drying shrinkage reduction in mortars', Incorporating Sustainable Practice in Mechanics of Structures and Materials - Proceedings of the 21st Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials (ACMSM21), Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, CRC Press, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 877-881.
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Several shrinkage compensating additives and admixtures are currently used in mortar and concrete. This study deals with the literature review and categorization of different classes of expansive additives with the objective of introducing a new range of polymeric additive. In this investigation an inorganic polymer, which is a multifunctional expansive additive, was used in different mixes of mortar. The results of experiments on drying shrinkage as well as its effect on several physical properties are reported. The new polymeric additive used in the experiments were found to decrease the amount of drying shrinkage when compared with a control mixture through the reaction of the inorganic polymer with calcium hydroxide forming a stable binder as well as an expansive agent. This new additive also proved to have a positive effect on some fresh and hardened properties of mortar.

Hamilton, TJ, Tapson, J, Jin, C & van Schaik, A 1970, 'Investigating the implications of outer hair cell connectivity using a silicon cochlea', Proceedings of 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems - ISCAS 2010, IEEE, pp. 3817-3820.
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In this paper we present results from several implementations of silicon cochleae whose dynamics are governed by the Hopf equation. These silicon cochleae exhibit the majority of active, nonlinear characteristics of the biological cochlea such as large-signal compression, two-tone suppression, the creation of distortion products and so forth. Here we explore the coupling between resonant sections of the basilar membrane to investigate phenomena such as masking and the characteristic frequency response curve of the cochlea at a particular place along the basilar membrane. We see that the interaction of resonant sections can account for these phenomena and that we can use these observations to partially explain the connectivity of the afferent and efferent fibres to the outer hair cells. This work not only gives us valuable insight into the dynamical behaviour of the early auditory system but it also highlights the benefits of building circuits of these complex systems in order to produce models whose parameters can be tuned and whose outputs can be observed and measured in real-time. ©2010 IEEE.

Hawryszkiewycz, IT 1970, 'A framework for synchronizing collaborative technology with changing enterprise environment', 2010 International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems, 2010 International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems, IEEE, Chicago, Illinois, pp. 216-224.
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Greater emphasis on innovation of products and services calls for greater attention to the way organizations support collaboration in their business activities. Such support is usually provided by collaborative technologies, which must co-evolve as the collaboration evolves. This requires ways to manage changes in a way that synchronizes technical and business evolution. The paper focuses on providing a systematic approach to manage change and ensure that technologies co-evolve with changes in business requirements. The approach is two fold. One is to develop a flexible collaborative infrastructure to support collaboration. The other is to describe collaborative business processes from a number of perspectives to provide the concepts to describe change. Change is then made by applying changes to the perspectives using the concepts in an orderly sequence. The perspectives include activity, process, knowledge and social perspectives. Semantics of change and its implementation in collaborative software are then defined in terms of the perspectives.

He, X, Wei, D, Lam, K-M, Li, J, Wang, L, Jia, W & Wu, Q 1970, 'Canny Edge Detection Using Bilateral Filter on Real Hexagonal Structure', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision System, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Sydney, Australia, pp. 233-244.
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Edge detection plays an important role in image processing area. This paper presents a Canny edge detection method based on bilateral filtering which achieves better performance than single Gaussian filtering. In this form of filtering, both spatial closeness and intensity similarity of pixels are considered in order to preserve important visual cues provided by edges and reduce the sharpness of transitions in intensity values as well. In addition, the edge detection method proposed in this paper is achieved on sampled images represented on a real hexagonal structure. Due to the compact and circular nature of the hexagonal lattice, a better quality edge map is obtained on the hexagonal structure than common edge detection on square structure. Experimental results using proposed methods exhibit also the faster speed of detection on hexagonal structure. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.

Henderson-Sellers, B & Gonzalez-Perez, C 1970, 'Granularity in Conceptual Modelling: Application to Metamodels', CONCEPTUAL MODELING - ER 2010, International Conference on Conceptual Modelling, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Vancouver, Canada, pp. 219-232.
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The granularity of conceptual models depends at least in part on the granularity of their underpinning metamodel. Here we investigate the theory of granularity as it can be applied to conceptual modelling and, especially, metamodelling for information systems development methodologies. With a background context of situational method engineering, this paper applies some theoretical works on granularity to the study of current metamodelling approaches. It also establishes some granularity-related best practices to take into account when adopting a metamodel, especially for its future use in developing method fragments for situational method engineering. Using these best practices will result in components of better quality and, consequently, better conceptual models and methodologies.

Heyns, M, Bellenger, F, Brammertz, G, Caymax, M, Cantoro, M, De Gendt, S, De Jaeger, B, Delabie, A, Eneman, G, Groeseneken, G, Hellings, G, Houssa, M, Iacopi, F, Leonelli, D, Lin, D, Magnus, W, Martens, K, Merckling, C, Meuris, M, Mitard, J, Penaud, J, Pourtois, G, Scarrozza, M, Simoen, E, Soree, B, Van Elshocht, S, Vandenberghe, W, Vandooren, A, Vereecke, P, Verhulst, A & Wang, W-E 1970, 'Shaping the future of nanoelectronics beyond the Si roadmap with new materials and devices', OPTICAL MICROLITHOGRAPHY XXIII, Conference on Optical Microlithography XXIII, SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, San Jose, CA.
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Hidayat, R & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'IR-UWB Pulse Position Modulation and Pulse Shape Modulation Through S-V Channel Model', 2010 Second International Conference on Communication Software and Networks, 2010 Second International Conference on Communication Software and Networks, IEEE.
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Hijikata, Y & Xu, G 1970, 'SNSMW 2010 Workshop Organizers’ Message', Database Systems For Advanced Applications, 15th International Conference on DASFAA 2010, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Tsukuba, JAPAN, pp. 239-239.
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Hoang, DB & Chen, L 1970, 'Mobile Cloud for Assistive Healthcare (MoCAsH)', 2010 IEEE Asia-Pacific Services Computing Conference, 2010 Asia-Pacific Services Computing Conference (APSCC), IEEE, Hangzhou, China, pp. 325-332.
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Deploying state-of-the-art technologies is vital and inevitable in assistive healthcare to cope with emerging services such as remote monitoring, collaborative consultation, and electronic health record. Grid computing has succeeded somewhat in enabling the sharing of resources across organizations but has not been deployed widely due to its complex implementation and interface. Cloud computing overcomes this aspect by allowing simple and easy user access, coping with users' dynamic and elastic demands, providing metered usage for its resources and hence is increasingly being adopted by individual users as well as enterprise users. The Cloud may just be the right technology for healthcare infrastructure. However, serveral serious issues concerning security, data protection and ownership, quality of services, and mobility need to be resolved before Cloud computing can be widely adopted... This paper proposes Mobile Cloud for Assistive Healthcare (MoCAsH) as an infrastructure for assistive healthcare. Besides inheriting the advantages of Cloud computing, MoCAsH embraces important concepts of mobile sensing, active sensor records, and collaborative planning by deploying intelligent mobile agents, context-aware middleware, and collaborative protocol for efficient resource sharing and planning. MoCAsH addresses security and privacy issues by deploying selective and federated P2P Cloud to protect data, preserve data ownership and strengthen aspects of security. It also addresses various quality-of-service issues concerning critical responses and energy consumption.

Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR & Ramos, RA 1970, 'Dynamic transfer capability analysis with wind farms and dynamic loads', AUPEC 2010 - 20th Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference: 'Power Quality for the 21st Century', 20th Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC) - Power Quality for the 21st Century, IEEE, Univ Canterbury, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Coll Engn, Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND.
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This paper analyses the effects of different power system devices on the dynamic transfer capability of transmission lines under varying operating conditions. An investigation on the effect of dynamics loads, wind farms and flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices on the transfer capability of a heavily stressed power system is carried out. A comparative study on the enhancement of transfer capability by different types of FACTS devices is also presented. The analyses have been carried out using a test system comprised of three machines and two-areas. Based on these analyses and on the simulations results shown in this paper, it is possible to conclude that the available (dynamic) transfer capability (ATC) is not only limited by the thermal and voltage constrains, but also restricted by the dynamics of different power system devices and fault conditions.

Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR & Ramos, RA 1970, 'Impact of wind turbine penetration on the dynamic performance of interconnected power systems', AUPEC 2010 - 20th Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference: 'Power Quality for the 21st Century', 20th Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC) - Power Quality for the 21st Century, IEEE, Univ Canterbury, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Coll Engn, Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND.
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The complexity of power systems has increased in recent years due to the operation of existing transmission lines closer to their limits using flexible AC transmission system devices (FACTS), and also due to the increased penetration of new types of generators that have more intermittent characteristics and lower inertial response, such as wind generators. This changing nature of power systems has considerable effect on its dynamic behaviour resulting in power swings, dynamic interactions between different power system devices and less synchronized coupling. This paper analyses this changing nature of power systems and their dynamic behaviours to identify critical issues that limit the large-scale integration of wind generators and FACTS devices. The studies in this paper are conducted on the New England and New York power system model. Modal analysis, PV analysis, eigenvalue tracking and dynamic simulations are used to investigate the dynamic behaviour of a complex power system under both small and large disturbances. From the analyses, it can be concluded that the modes related to operating slip and shaft stiffness are critical as they may limit the large-scale integration of wind generation.

Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR & Ramos, RA 1970, 'Investigation of the dynamic performance of compensation devices for voltage stability during low voltages', AUPEC 2010 - 20th Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference: 'Power Quality for the 21st Century', 20th Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC) - Power Quality for the 21st Century, IEEE, Univ Canterbury, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Coll Engn, Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND.
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The reactive power output of compensating devices must be compared at the minimum voltage that is accepted in the grid. This paper analyses the performance of flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices during low-voltage recovery transients for different fault conditions. Some critical interactions amongst FACTS devices during low-voltage conditions are also investigated. The reactive power control capabilities of dynamic compensating devices at post-fault conditions are compared. In addition, this paper addresses some general concerns towards high compensations in different grid topologies. Several cases are analysed using an IEEE benchmark test system composed of 16 machines and 69 buses, which is the reduced model of New England/New York interconnection. From the analyses, it can be concluded that high compensation can reduce the security limits under certain operating conditions; certain FACTS devices are beneficial for certain network configurations; and the FACTS device with a constant current source provides better performance during low-voltage conditions.

Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR, Ugrinovskii, V & Ramos, RA 1970, 'Decentralized control to augment LVRT capability of wind generators with STATCOM/ESS', IEEE PES General Meeting, Energy Society General Meeting, IEEE, Minneapolis, MN.
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Howes, JM, Stuart, BH, Thomas, P & Raja, S 1970, 'The analysis of forensic bones using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy', 20th International Symposium on the Forensic Sciences Abstract Book, 20th International Symposium on the Forensic Sciences, Sydney.

Hu, G, Huang, S, Dissanayake, G & IEEE 1970, 'Evaluation of Pose Only SLAM', IEEE/RSJ 2010 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS (IROS 2010), IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 3732-3737.
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In recent SLAM (simultaneous localization and mapping) literature, Pose Only optimization methods have become increasingly popular. This is greatly supported by the fact that these algorithms are computationally more efficient, as they focus more on the robots trajectory rather than dealing with a complex map. Implementation simplicity allows these to handle both 2D and 3D environments with ease. This paper presents a detailed evaluation on the reliability and accuracy of Pose Only SLAM, and aims at providing a definitive answer to whether optimizing poses is more advantages than optimizing features. Focus is centered around TORO, a Tree based network optimization algorithm, which has gained increased recognition within the robotics community. We compare this with Least Squares, which is often considered one of the best Maximum Likelihood method available. Results are based on both simulated and real 2D environments, and presented in a way where our conclusions can be substantiated. ©2010 IEEE.

Huan, X & Guo, YJ 1970, 'Block Spread OFDMA with STC MIMO for Improved Frequency and Spatial Diversity over Broadband Wireless Access Uplink', 2010 IEEE Wireless Communication and Networking Conference, Networking Conference (WCNC), IEEE.
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A novel combination of block spread orthogonal frequency division multiple access (BS-OFDMA) with space-time coded multiple input multiple output (STC MIMO) scheme is proposed for broadband wireless access uplink transmission. Using complex exponential spreading sequences, the block spreading technique can efficiently generate precoded OFDMA signal to exploit frequency diversity. An Alamouti STC MIMO encoding technique is incorporated with the block spreading to achieve further spatial diversity. The performance of the proposed STC-BS-OFDMA system using minimum mean squared error equalization is analyzed, and a closed-form asymptotical bit error rate expression is derived. Simulation results are also given to demonstrate the improved diversity performance as compared with other OFDMA schemes. The proposed techniques are well suited for future broadband wireless access systems such as 3G LTE and 4G. ©2010 IEEE.

Huang, S, Lai, Y, Frese, U, Dissanayake, G & IEEE 1970, 'How far is SLAM from a linear least squares problem?', IEEE/RSJ 2010 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS (IROS 2010), IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 3011-3016.
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Most people believe SLAM is a complex nonlinear estimation/optimization problem. However, recent research shows that some simple iterative methods based on linearization can sometimes provide surprisingly good solutions to SLAM without being trapped into a local minimum. This demonstrates that hidden structure exists in the SLAM problem that is yet to be understood. In this paper, we first analyze how far SLAM is from a convex optimization problem. Then we show that by properly choosing the state vector, SLAM problem can be formulated as a nonlinear least squares problem with many quadratic terms in the objective function, thus it is clearer how far SLAM is from a linear least squares problem. Furthermore, we explain that how the map joining approaches reduce the nonlinearity/nonconvexity of the SLAM problem. ©2010 IEEE.

Huang, X & Guo, YJ 1970, 'MSE lower bounds for phase estimation based on overlapped Gaussian distribution', 2010 10th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, 2010 10th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, pp. 655-660.
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The Cramér-Rao bound (CRB) has been widely used as a mean square error (MSE) lower bound for unbiased parameter estimations. For phase estimation, however, the CRB is not valid at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) due to the effect of phase wrapping. In this paper, closed-form approximations of the MSE lower bounds for the phase estimation are derived under both Gaussian and Rayleigh fading channels, which are particularly useful at low SNR. The derivation is based on an overlapped Gaussian distribution which is used to approximate the true posterior phase distribution. Analytical and simulation results show that the derived closed-form MSE lower bounds provide more meaningful indications to the phase estimation performance than the CRB. ©2010 IEEE.

Huang, X, Dyadyuk, V, Guo, YJ, Stokes, L & Pathikulangara, J 1970, 'Frequency-Domain Digital Calibration and Beamforming with Wideband Antenna Array', 2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference GLOBECOM 2010, GLOBECOM 2010 - 2010 IEEE Global Communications Conference, IEEE.
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This paper presents a joint channel and mutual coupling estimation technique for wideband antenna array to achieve high speed wireless communications in the millimetrewave frequency bands. The estimated channel frequency responses and mutual coupling matrix can be used to digitally calibrate a wideband antenna array in the frequency-domain, followed by digital beamforming. Experiments are carried out using a four-element receive array prototype in the E-band (71-76 GHz) to demonstrate the frequency-domain digital calibration and beamforming performance. The results show that both the mutual coupling and wideband effects are effectively mitigated by the proposed technique and a 11.5 dBi array gain is achieved which is very close to that of an ideal four-element antenna array. ©2010 IEEE.

Huang, Y, Qian, M, Yuan, Y, Shi, J, Tian, L & Huang, X 1970, 'Call Admission Control Scheme for Multicast Service Enabled Cellular Networks', 2010 IEEE 72nd Vehicular Technology Conference - Fall, 2010 IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2010-Fall), IEEE, Ottawa, CANADA.
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Hung, NT, Nguyen, H-T, Nam, NG, Lan, TN & Hoang, DT 1970, 'IMS IPTV: An Experimental Approach.', TRIDENTCOM, Springer, pp. 573-576.
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IMS has been widely recognized as the control and signaling framework for delivering of the rich communication & multimedia services to broadband users. Amongst others, it's deploying as the service (middleware) platform for interactive and personalized IPTV services. The goal of this paper is to provide a short description and analysis of the (IPTV) use cases that have been selected for design and implementation at Hanoi University of Technology (HUT) in scope of its initiatives for NGN researching program. Major use cases, or we called intelligent features, are the advanced electronic service guide, video on demand (VoD), (IPTV) session continuity, and parental control. Development results for each of the use case are depicted. © Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering 2011.

Hussain, F 1970, 'Track 5 - business ecosystems', 4th IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies, 2010 4th IEEE International Conference on Digital Ecosystems and Technologies (DEST), IEEE.
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Huynh, P 1970, 'Natural ventilation induced by solar chimneys', Proceedings of the 17th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, pp. 1-4.
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Natural-ventilation flow through a two-dimensional but realsized square room is investigated numerically, using a commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software package. The flow is induced by a solar chimney positioned on the room's roof, and it is desired to have this flow passing through the lower part of the room for ventilation purpose. The chimney in turn is in the form of a parallel channel with one plate kept at a uniform temperature that is higher than that of the ambient air (by up to 40°C), while the other plate and all of the room's walls are insulated. Eftects on ventilation flow rate and flow pattern due to a range of changing factors are invcstigated. The factors include temperature of the chimney's heated plate, length and inclination of the chimney, its location and locations of the room's other openings, and the presence of a vertical partition in the room. It is found that all these factors affect either the flow rate or flow pattern, or both. Maximum flow rate is obtained when solar chimney is in a vertical position at a roofs corner, with its heated plate on the room side. On the other hand, flow rate increases with increasing solar plate's temperature and length, as expected, but the manner of the increase varies with relative positions behYcen the chimney and room inlcts.

Iacopi, F, Choi, JH, Muneoka, H, Mori, S, Terashima, K, Rice, PM, Krupp, L & Dubois, G 1970, 'Breakthrough reduction of low-k damage with cryoplasma ashing', Advanced Metallization Conference (AMC), pp. 180-181.
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We demonstrate that 193nm photoresist material can be etched using an ashing process with plasma gas at cryogenic temperatures at least down to 200K. For equivalent ashing times, the penetration extent of oxidizing plasma species into a 40% porosity OSG dielectric at 200K is three times smaller than at room temperature.

I-Jan Wang, Lun-De Liao, Yu-Te Wang, Chi-Yu Chen, Bor-Shyh Lin, Shao-Wei Lu & Chin-Teng Lin 1970, 'A Wearable Mobile Electrocardiogram measurement device with novel dry polymer-based electrodes', TENCON 2010 - 2010 IEEE Region 10 Conference, 2010 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON 2010), IEEE, Fukuoka, JAPAN, pp. 379-384.
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Ilanko, S & Bharathy, GK 1970, 'Introducing Negative Penalty Functions in Least Square Optimisation', Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Computational Structures Technology, The Tenth International Conference on Computational Structures Technology, Civil-Comp Press, Valencia, SPAIN.
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Indraratna, B, Geng, X & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 1970, 'Nonlinear Analysis for a Single Vertical Drain Including the Effects of Preloading Considering the Compressibility and Permeability of the Soil', GeoFlorida 2010, GeoFlorida 2010, American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 147-156.
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In this paper, the free strain radial consolidation theory incorporating the changes of compressibility and permeability of the soil with the change in effective stress via time dependent surcharge preloading is presented. In contrast to the conventional analysis, the current study highlights the nonlinear characteristics of the soil during the consolidation process. A comparison of the nonlinear radial consolidation model, with the conventional theory and the equal strain theory i.e. constant volume compressibility, m v and constant coefficient of horizontal permeability, kh is presented. Finally, a case history at Muar coastal plain, Malaysia is analysed on the basis of the current solution. This case history indicates improved accuracy of the predictions in relation to the field measurements and observations. © 2010 ASCE.

Indraratna, B, Nimbalkar, SS & Tennakoon, N 1970, 'The Behaviour of Ballasted Track Foundations: Track Drainage and Geosynthetic Reinforcement', GeoFlorida 2010, GeoFlorida 2010, American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 2378-2387.
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Ballasted Rail tracks are widely used throughout the world due to its resiliency to the repeated wheel loads, low construction cost and ease of maintenance. However, the ballast layer needs periodic maintenance due to its deformation and degradation associated with particle breakage and fouling. A proper understanding of the contamination due to various types of fines and its implications on track drainage is a pre-requisite for effective implementation of track maintenance operations. A new parameter Void Contaminant Index (VCI) can accurately assess the contamination as it includes the effect of void ratio, specific gravity and gradation of ballast and fouling material. A series of constant head hydraulic conductivity tests using a specially designed large-scale permeability apparatus were performed on fresh ballast mixed with different proportions of fines to study the relationship between the percentage of fouling and drainage characteristics. A field trial is conducted on an instrumented track at Bulli, NSW Australia, to study the benefits of a geocomposite layer installed at the ballast-capping interface, and to evaluate the performance of recycled ballast in comparison to traditionally uniform fresh ballast. It is found that recycled ballast can be effectively reused if reinforced with a geocomposite. The geocomposite can effectively reduce vertical and lateral deformations of the ballast with obvious implications on improved track stability thereby reducing maintenance costs. © 2010 ASCE.

Ishii, Y, Pham, NH, Fujita, H, Uchida, N & Ozaki, K 1970, 'A New Control Method for Zone‐Control Induction Heating (ZCIH) Systems', The 2010 Annual Meeting of the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan, Japan.

Islam, FR, Pota, HR, Mahmud, MA & Hossain, MJ 1970, 'Impact of PHEV loads on the dynamic performance of power system', AUPEC 2010 - 20th Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference: 'Power Quality for the 21st Century', 20th Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC) - Power Quality for the 21st Century, IEEE, Univ Canterbury, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Coll Engn, Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND.
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Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) are likely to be used as an alternative to conventional vehicles due to environmental friendly, energy-wise and cost effective. The effects of large-scale PHEV integration need to be investigated before they are integrated into the existing grid. This paper analyses the impact of PHEV loads on the dynamic behaviour of a power system under both small and large disturbances. From the analysis, it can be concluded that the PHEV loads can reduce the damping of the system under certain operating conditions.

Islam, MR, Guo, Y & Zhu, JG 1970, 'Steady state characteristic simulation of DFIG for wind power system', International Conference on Electrical & Computer Engineering (ICECE 2010), Computer Engineering (ICECE), IEEE, Dhaka, Bangladesh, pp. 151-154.
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Wind power, as an important and promising renewable resource, is widely studied. Because the wind is highly variable, it is very desirable to operate a wind turbine at variable speeds. In this respect, doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) has become popular in wind power generation system. The steady state simulation analysis of a DFIG is essential to understand the behavior of DFIG such that it can operate at maximum power producing point for a given wind speed. This paper explores the steady state characteristic of a DFIG in wind power generation system using MATLAB.

Islam, MR, Guo, Y, Zhu, JG & Rabbani, MG 1970, 'Simulation of PV array characteristics and fabrication of microcontroller based MPPT', International Conference on Electrical & Computer Engineering (ICECE 2010), Computer Engineering (ICECE), IEEE, Dhaka, Bangladesh, pp. 155-158.
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In photovoltaic (PV) systems, the PV array represents about 57% of the total cost of the system, so it is very desirable to operate the PV panel at the maximum power point (MPP). The output characteristics of the solar array are nonlinear and vitally affected by solar radiation, temperature, and load conditions. In this respect simulation analysis of PV array is essential to understand the output characteristics of PV array such that it can operate at the maximum power producing point for a given atmospheric condition. This paper explores the output characteristics of a PV array in MATLAB environment and the fabrication of a microcontroller based simple maximum power point tracker (MPPT). The fabricated MMPT has the capability to track the MPP and the use of the MPPT enhances the output power by 20%.

Jain, R, Ji, Z, Upadhyay, S & Watrous, J 1970, 'QIP = PSPACE', Proceedings of the forty-second ACM symposium on Theory of computing, STOC'10: Symposium on Theory of Computing, ACM, pp. 573-581.
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We prove that the complexity class QIP, which consists of all problems having quantum interactive proof systems, is contained in PSPACE. This containment is proved by applying a parallelized form of the matrix multiplicative weights update method to a class of semidefinite programs that captures the computational power of quantum interactive proofs. As the containment of PSPACE in QIP follows immediately from the well-known equality IP = PSPACE, the equality QIP = PSPACE follows. © 2010 ACM.

Jamdagni, A, Tan, T, Liu, R, Nanda, P & He, S 1970, 'Pattern Recognition Approach for Anomaly Detection of Web-based Attacks', The Seventh Annual CSIRO ICT Centre Science and Engineering Conference, Annual CSIRO ICT Centre Science and Engineering Conference, CSIRO, Australian Technology Park, Eveleigh, NSW, Australia, pp. 1-2.
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The universal use of the Internet has made it more difficult to achieve high security. Attackers target web applications instead of Telnet ports. Cyber-attacks and breaches of information security are increasing in frequency. The goal of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) is to monitor network traffic and detect web-based attacks. Common IDSs are either signature based or anomaly based. Signature based IDS is unable to detect novel attack (Le., zero-day) or polymorphic attacks, until the signature database is updated. On the other hand, an anomaly-based IDS can detect new attacks and polymorphic attacks. However, anomaly based system has a relatively high number of false positives.

Jamdagni, A, Tan, Z, Nanda, P, He, X & Liu, RP 1970, 'Intrusion detection using GSAD model for HTTP traffic on web services', Proceedings of the 6th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference, IWCMC '10: 2010 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference, ACM, Caen, France, pp. 1193-1197.
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Intrusion detection systems are widely used security tools to detect cyber-attacks and malicious activities in computer systems and networks. Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP) is used for new applications without much interference. In this paper, we focus on intrusion detection of HTTP traffic by applying pattern recognition techniques using our Geometrical Structure Anomaly Detection (GSAD) model. Experimental results reveal that features extracted from HTTP request using GSAD model can be used to distinguish anomalous traffic from normal traffic, and attacks carried out over HTTP traffic can be identified. We evaluate and compare our results with the results of PAYL intrusion detection systems for the test of DARPA 1999 IDS data set. The results show GSAD has high detection rates and low false positive rates. Copyright © 2010 ACM.

Jamdagni, A, Tan, Z, Nanda, P, He, X & Liu, RP 1970, 'Mahalanobis Distance Map approach for Anomaly Detection of web-based attacks', Proceedings of the 8th Australian Information Security Management Conference, Australian Information Security Management Conference, SECAU - Security Research Centre, Perth, Western Australia, pp. 8-17.
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Web servers and web-based applications are commonly used as attack targets. The main issues are how to prevent unauthorised access and to protect web servers from the attack. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) are widely used security tools to detect cyber-attacks and malicious activities in computer systems and networks. In this paper, we focus on the detection of various web-based attacks using Geometrical Structure Anomaly Detection (GSAD) model and we also propose a novel algorithm for the selection of most discriminating features to improve the computational complexity of payload-based GSAD model. Linear Discriminant method (LDA) is used for the feature reduction and classification of the incoming network traffic. GSAD model is based on a pattern recognition technique used in image processing. It analyses the correlations between various payload features and uses Mahalanobis Distance Map (MDM) to calculate the difference between normal and abnormal network traffic. We focus on the detection of generic attacks, shell code attacks, polymorphic attacks and polymorphic blending attacks. We evaluate accuracy of GSAD model experimentally on the real-world attacks dataset created at Georgia Institute of Technology. We conducted preliminary experiments on the DARPA 99 dataset to evaluate the accuracy of feature reduction.

Janjua, NK & Hussain, FK 1970, 'Development of a Logic Layer in the Semantic Web: Research Issues', 2010 Sixth International Conference on Semantics, Knowledge and Grids, 2010 Sixth International Conference on Semantics Knowledge and Grid (SKG), IEEE, pp. 367-370.
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The ontology layer of the semantic web is now mature enough (i.e. standards like RDF, RDFs, OWL, OWL 2) and the next step is to work on a logic layer for the development of advanced reasoning capabilities for knowledge extraction and efficient decision making. Adding logic to the web means using rules to make inferences. Rules are a means of expressing business processes, policies, contracts etc but most of the studies have focused on the use of monotonic logics in layered development of the semantic web which provides no mechanism for representing or handling incomplete or contradictory information respectively. This paper discusses argumentation, semantic web and defeasible logic programming with their distinct features and identifies the different research issues that need to be addressed in order to realize defeasible argumentative reasoning in the semantic web applications. © 2010 IEEE.

Jansen, M, Qiao, Y & Sarma, J 1970, 'Deterministic Black-Box Identity Testing $π$-Ordered Algebraic Branching Programs', Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics, LIPIcs, International Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science, Dagstuhl Publishing, Chennai, India, pp. 296-307.
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In this paper we study algebraic branching programs (ABPs) with restrictionson the order and the number of reads of variables in the program. Given apermutation $\pi$ of $n$ variables, for a $\pi$-ordered ABP ($\pi$-OABP), forany directed path $p$ from source to sink, a variable can appear at most onceon $p$, and the order in which variables appear on $p$ must respect $\pi$. AnABP $A$ is said to be of read $r$, if any variable appears at most $r$ times in$A$. Our main result pertains to the identity testing problem. Over any field$F$ and in the black-box model, i.e. given only query access to the polynomial,we have the following result: read $r$ $\pi$-OABP computable polynomials can betested in $\DTIME[2^{O(r\log r \cdot \log^2 n \log\log n)}]$. Our next set of results investigates the computational limitations of OABPs.It is shown that any OABP computing the determinant or permanent requires size$\Omega(2^n/n)$ and read $\Omega(2^n/n^2)$. We give a multilinear polynomial$p$ in $2n+1$ variables over some specifically selected field $G$, such thatany OABP computing $p$ must read some variable at least $2^n$ times. We showthat the elementary symmetric polynomial of degree $r$ in $n$ variables can becomputed by a size $O(rn)$ read $r$ OABP, but not by a read $(r-1)$ OABP, forany $0 < 2r-1 \leq n$. Finally, we give an example of a polynomial $p$ and twovariables orders $\pi \neq \pi'$, such that $p$ can be computed by a read-once$\pi$-OABP, but where any $\pi'$-OABP computing $p$ must read some variable atleast $2^n$

Jia, W, He, X & Wu, Q 1970, 'ECCH: A novel color coocurrence histogram', 2010 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, 2010 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, IEEE, Dallas, USA, pp. 1258-1261.
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In this paper, a novel color cooccurrence histogram method, named eCCH which stands for color cooccurrence histogram at edge points, is proposed to describe the spatial-color joint distribution of images. Unlike all existing ideas, we only investigate the color distribution of pixels located at the two sides of edge points on gradient direction lines. When measuring the similarity of two eCCHs, the Gaussian weighted histogram intersection method is adopted, where both identical and similar color pairs are considered to compensate color variations. Comparative experimental results demonstrate the performance of the proposed eCCH in terms of robustness to color variance and small computational complexity. ©2010 IEEE.

Jia, W, He, X & Wu, Q 1970, 'Segmenting Characters from License Plate Images with Little Prior Knowledge', 2010 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications, 2010 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications (DICTA), IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 220-226.
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In this paper, to enable a fast and robust system for automatically recognizing license plates with various appearances, new and simple but efficient algorithms are developed to segment characters from extracted license plate images. Our goal is to segment characters properly from a license plate image region. Different from existing methods for segmenting degraded machine-printed characters, our algorithms are based on very weak assumptions and use no prior knowledge about the format of the plates, in order for them to be applicable to wider applications. Experimental results demonstrate promising efficiency and flexibility of the proposed scheme. © 2010 IEEE.

Jiang, ZY, Du, XZ, Du, YB, Wei, DB & Hay, M 1970, 'Modeling of Strip Shape during Cold Rolling of Thin Strip', Key Engineering Materials, 9th Asia-Pacific Conference on Materials Processing, Trans Tech Publications, Ltd., Sydney, AUSTRALIA, pp. 9-14.
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Strip shape is an important factor affecting the strip quality significantly during cold rolling of thin strip. In the paper, finite element simulation models of the strip shape in cold rolling for both symmetrical and asymmetrical rolling cases were successfully developed. The strip edge drop and the effect of the rolling force on the strip shape (the thickness distribution along the strip width) have been obtained. The developed finite element model has been verified with the experimental value, which shows they are in good agreement. The obtained results are applicable to control the rolled thin strip shape during cold rolling practice.

Jiang, ZY, Du, XZ, Du, YB, Wei, DB & Hay, M 1970, 'Strip Shape Analysis of Asymmetrical Cold Rolling of Thin Strip', Advanced Materials Research, International Conference on Manufacturing Science and Engineering (ICMSE 2009), Trans Tech Publications, Ltd., Zhuhai, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 81-84.
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Strip shape control during cold rolling of thin strip is a challenge in rolling practice. In the paper, finite element model of strip shape during cold rolling of thin strip in asymmetrical rolling case was successfully developed, and the strip shape such as the thickness distribution along the strip width have been obtained. The developed finite element model has been verified with the experimental value, which shows they are in good agreement. The obtained results are applicable to control the rolled thin strip shape in practice.

Jiang, ZY, Du, XZ, Du, YB, Wei, DB & He, XF 1970, 'Analysis of Advanced Strip Shape during Cold Rolling of Thin Strip', Materials Science Forum, 7th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing, Trans Tech Publications, Ltd., Cairns, AUSTRALIA, pp. 206-209.
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The demand of thin gauge strip with good quality such as the strip shape and surface finish is significantly increasing. In this study, finite element model of the strip shape during cold rolling of thin strip in asymmetrical rolling was developed, and the finite element simulation of the thin strip shape has been carried out in LS-DYNA. The effects of reduction and speed ratio on the strip shape and profile and the strip edge drop have been obtained. The developed finite element model has been verified with the experimental data. The obtained results are applicable to the control of the rolled thin strip shape in rolling practice.

Jiang, ZY, Tang, JN, Tieu, AK, Sun, WH & Wei, DB 1970, 'Analysis of Surface Roughness Transformation of Oxide Scale during Hot Steel Manufacturing', Advanced Materials Research, 13th International Symposium on Advances in Abrasive Technology/1st Cross-Strait Conference on Precision Machining, Trans Tech Publications, Ltd., Taipei, TAIWAN, pp. 987-992.
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In this paper, the effects of the surface asperity wavelength, reduction and lubrication (friction) on the surface roughness transformation of the oxide scale have been studied. The simulation results show that the oxide scale surface roughness decreases with an increase of the average asperity wavelength and reduction. The initial surface roughness affects the decrease rate of surface roughness when the reduction increases. The surface roughness of the oxide scale and steel is quite close when the rolling with lubrication and both of them are reduced with reduction, and the surface roughness of the oxide scale is reduced less comparing with that of without lubrication case. The calculated roughness is close to the measured data.

Johnston, AJ & Humberstone, J 1970, 'Elective Music Students Experiences with Jam2Jam', 7th Australian Conference on Interactive Entertainment, Australian Conference on Interactive Entertainment, Massey University, College of Creative Arts, Institute of Communication Design, Wellington, New Zealand, pp. 8-15.
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This paper presents findings from a trial of the interactive music software Jam2Jam in a classroom music setting. Jam2Jam is software which allows musical novices to control generative music in real time. It has an interface which enables users to control multiple audio-visual parameters with a single gesture an approach intended to facilitate complex, conversational interaction. Examination of students experiences with Jam2Jam indicates that students find Jam2Jam attractive and that it has considerable potential. However, a number of issues for improvement, particularly a need for increased transparency of operation are identified. Extensions to Jam2Jam which would enable students to incorporate more of their own material into the music and visual they create during jam sessions are also proposed.

Johnston, AJ & Johnson, C 1970, 'Extreme Programming in the University', Proceedings of Annual International Conference on Computer Science Education: Innovation and Technology (CSEIT 2010), Annual International Conference on Computer Science Education: Innovation and Technology, Global Science and Technology Forum, Phuket, Thailand, pp. 3-8.
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This paper summarises our experiences teaching Extreme Programming to undergraduate students over a period of 8 years. We describe an approach in which students learn about the Extreme Programming (XP) method by using it on real software development projects. This experiential learning technique has been effective in helping students understand how XP works in practice and helped them to develop the skills to reflect on their current approaches to software development and critically evaluate agile methods. Problems, including a steep learning curve for some XP practices and difficulties scheduling pair-programming time in a university environment are also Identified.

Johnston, AJ, Beilharz, KA, Chen, Y & Ferguson, S 1970, 'Proceedings of the 2010 Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression (NIME 2010)', Proceedings of the 2010 Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression (NIME 2010), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.

Jones, V, Gay, V & Leijdekkers, P 1970, 'Body sensor networks for Mobile Health Monitoring Experience in Europe and Australia', FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DIGITAL SOCIETY: ICDS 2010, PROCEEDINGS, 4th International Conference on the Digital-Society, IEEE COMPUTER SOC, St Maarten, NETHERLANDS, pp. 204-209.
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Jupp, JR 1970, 'A network theoretic perspective of decision processes in complex construction projects', Proceedings of 2010 International Conference on Construction & Real Estate Management, International Conference on Construction & Real Estate Management, China Architecture & Building Press, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 141-147.
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This paper proposes an approach to modelling and visualising decision processes in large complex construction projects by incorporating a network perspective. Computer modelling and visualisation of decision processes as social and task-entity networks makes possible the identification of key participants, critical tasks, latent networks, vulnerabilities and dynamics that impact upon complex decision situations. New advances in network theory can help reveal the ways in which social, organisational, political and technological relationships shape decision outcomes. By conceiving decision processes as a complex system and modelling this system using network-theoretic principles, it is possible to include a tremendous amount of information that has remained untapped by conventional qualitative, game-theoretic, and statistical approaches. This research contributes to the understanding of the strategic implications of decision processes as complex systems of interacting actors and problem tasks, and provides the technological means for supporting them. The approach has been verified through the development of an experimental network-theoretic system.

Juszczyszyn, K, Musial, A, Musial, K & Brodka, P 1970, 'Utilizing Dynamic Molecular Modelling Technique for Predicting Changes in Complex Social Networks', 2010 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology, 2010 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence-Intelligent Agent Technology (WI-IAT), IEEE, pp. 1-4.
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We present a method that utilises dynamic molecular modelling technique to track the changes within complex social network. The users forming a social network are interpreted as large sets of interacting particles. The data for the conducted research was obtained from e-mail communication within Enron company. The social network of employees was extracted and used to evaluate the methodology of social network dynamics modelling. © 2010 IEEE.

Kadlec, P & Gabrys, B 1970, 'Adaptive on-line prediction soft sensing without historical data', The 2010 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), 2010 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), IEEE.
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Current soft sensing algorithms assume the availability of a large amount of training data. The collection of the historical data often takes a lot of time and can be expensive. At the same time not being able to provide sufficient amount of training data can result in sacrificing the performance of the soft sensor. This can be problematic in situations, where a soft sensor is urgently required and, at the same time, there is not enough training data available. This situation can occur, for example, when a new plant is taken into operation or, more critically, when there is a significant change in some parameters (e.g. operating point or the input materials) in a running plant. To deal with such a situation, we propose an algorithm, called Recursive Soft Sensing Algorithm (ReSSA), which delivers predictions without any explicit training phase. The proposed algorithm is based on the recursive functionality of the RPLS technique, which is embedded into local learning framework. More than that, during the run-time of the algorithm, it is not necessary to store any past data as the algorithm requires only the latest data point for its operation and recursive adaptation. In order to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method, it is applied to the prediction of a catalyst activity in a multi-tube reactor. © 2010 IEEE.

Kaili Weng, Turk, B, Dolores, L, Nguyen, TN, Celler, B, Su, S & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Fast tracking of a given heart rate profile in treadmill exercise', 2010 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology, 2010 32nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC 2010), IEEE, Buenos Aires, Argentina, pp. 2569-2572.
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This paper investigates the application of a multi-loop PID controller in an automated treadmill exercise machine. The approach is to design a computer-controlled treadmill control system for the regulation of heart rate (HR) during treadmill exercise. A single-input and multiple-output (SIMO) controller was implemented to fast track a given heart rate profile in treadmill exercise. Two separate single-input and single-output (SISO) PID control systems are initially implemented to modify either the treadmill speed or its angle of inclination in order to achieve a desired HR. The purpose of this paper is to apply a SIMO control system by implementing a control algorithm which includes the two PID controllers working simultaneously to track the desired HR profile. The performance of the SIMO and SISO control systems are compared through the closed loop responses recorded during experimentation. This would also help future development of safe treadmill exercise system.

Kaleem, Z, Lee, CK, Saqib, M, Mohsin, S & Salim, F 1970, 'The way towards amplifier design using CAD (ADS) tool', International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology, ICACT, pp. 962-967.
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This paper mainly focuses on design arts and operational mechanism of ADS tool. ADS tool is characterized by reliable, efficient and controlled functioning as compare to conventional approaches. In this paper, we describe an ADS tool based interactive procedure that provides the students in electrical and computer engineering programs with an easy-to-use reference and overview of an amplifier design. This multimedia-based system covers topics that start with introductory basic concepts in amplifier design and conclude with advanced and detailed concepts using the ADS tool.

Kamaleswaran, R, McGregor, C & Eklund, JM 1970, 'A method for clinical and physiological event stream processing', 2010 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology, 2010 32nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC 2010), IEEE, Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA, pp. 1170-1173.
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Kamyabpour, N & Hoang, DB 1970, 'A Hierarchy Energy Driven Architecture for Wireless Sensor Networks', 2010 IEEE 24th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops, 2010 IEEE 24th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops, IEEE, Perth Austtralia, pp. 668-673.
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In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) one of the critical issues is the mazimization of their life time. These networks require a robust architecture that takes into account the energy consumption level of functional contituents and their interdependency. With such an architecture, the overall energy consumption can then be optimized with respects to the contstraints of an application. Unlike most current researches that focus on a single aspect of WSNs, this paper presents a Hierarchy Energy Driven Architecture (HEDA) as new architecture and a novel approach for minimising the total energy consumption of WSNs. The Energy Driven Architecture identifies generic and essential energy-consuming constituents of the network. HEDA as a constituent-based architecture is used to deploy WSNs according to energy dissipation through their contituents. This view of overall energy consumption in WSNs can be applied to optimizing and balancing energy consumption and increasing the network lifetime.

Kandeepan, S, Saradhi, CV, Reisenfeld, S, Dutkiewicz, E, Chuberre, N & Fraise, P 1970, 'Hybrid Satellite-Optical Ring Network for Regional Blackspots in Australia’s National Broadband Network', Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 203-217.
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Satellite communications is the most prominent solution for covering remote areas for broadband Internet access where long and expensive cables are not feasible to be deployed. The Australia's National Broadband Network (NBN) initiation 'delivering superfast broadband to Australian homes and workplaces' currently face the problem of deploying long fibres to cover regional blackspots considering the geographic structure of the continent. Considering this we present0020some preliminary ideas to have hybrid satellite-optical broadband networks specifically covering the regional blackspots in Australia based on ring network topologies. We present topologies for the hybrid network and also architecture for the electronic (RF)-optical interface which enables to connect the fibre optical network to the satellites. Furthermore, topologies for the regional fibre optical networks in the blackspot regions are also presented in this paper. © 2010 Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering.

Kaneta, Y, Yoshizawa, S, Minato, S-I, Arimura, H & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Dynamic reconfigurable bit-parallel architecture for large-scale regular expression matching', 2010 International Conference on Field-Programmable Technology, 2010 International Conference on Field-Programmable Technology (FPT), IEEE.
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Kang, K & Qian, YY 1970, 'Innovative communication in global tourism E-commerce sites- a cultural aspect', International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology, ICACT, International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology, National Information Society Agency, Korea, Korea, pp. 1440-1444.
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This paper presents an investigation of innovative communication through examining design characteristics in global e-commerce sites. This investigation is necessary to establish an understanding of the barriers in communicating and implementing of e-commerce on a global level. The paper begins with an overview of current business-to-customer (B2C) e-commerce implementation on the web, and then describes cultural issues in the global e-business. Also the paper discusses innovative design features are currently being used extensively to attract customers and increase e-business organization's presence in the international market.

Kano, H, Yoshizawa, S, Gunji, T, Saito, T & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Development of 600 Mbps 2&#x00D7;2 MIMO-OFDM baseband and RF transceiver at 5 GHz band', 2010 10th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, 2010 10th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE.
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Karimi, F & Poo, DCC 1970, 'IT investment decision making: A decision analysis cycle model', 16th Americas Conference on Information Systems 2010, AMCIS 2010, pp. 2348-2357.
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Organizations spend substantial capital budgets on IT investment in order to achieve potential competitive advantages. However, IT investments are characterized with complexity, uncertainty, and risk. These attributes make appropriate IT investment decision making a challenging task. Decision analysis cycle methodology is a conceptual framework that facilitates achieving clarity of action in difficult decision problems. In the present study, this methodology is explained and applied on an imaging system investment of a mortgage bank to investigate how it can tackle complexity, risk and uncertainty in IT investment decisions.

Kazemi, R, Vesilo, R, Dutkiewicz, E & Fang, G 1970, 'Inter-network interference mitigation in Wireless Body Area Networks using power control games', 2010 10th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, 2010 10th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, pp. 81-86.
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In this paper, we propose a non-cooperative power control game to mitigate inter-network interference in Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs), which use emerging short-range wireless communication technology inside, on or around the human body for healthcare, entertainment and ubiquitous computing purposes. Interference endangers the reliability of WBANs especially in critical medical applications and also leads to more power consumption in very energy-constrained WBANs. Coordinating transmission power levels, we increase the system total throughput in the presence of interference using as little power as possible. We utilize non-linear and adaptive power pricing functions to penalize high power users and increase capacity in better channels. We investigate the Nash equilibrium existence and uniqueness and propose the best response strategy in the game to reach the Nash equilibrium. ©2010 IEEE.

Kazienko, P, Brodka, P & Musial, K 1970, 'Individual Neighbourhood Exploration in Complex Multi-layered Social Network', 2010 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology, 2010 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence-Intelligent Agent Technology (WI-IAT), IEEE, pp. 5-8.
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Social networks can be extracted from different data about communication or common activities in organizations, companies or various Internet-based services. Different types of data processed may result in creation of separate layers in the complex multi-layered social network. Analysis of neighbourhoods of network members and their utilization to social group discovery appears to be an interesting and important research domain. Since there is no measure to evaluate structure of the neighbourhoods in the multi-layered social network, a new measure called cross layered multi-layered clustering coefficient (CLMCC) is proposed in the paper. It enables to analyse the density of mutual connections of neighbours that occur in at least a given number of layers in a social network. Additionally, experimental studies on real-world data are presented. © 2010 IEEE.

Kazienko, P, Brodka, P, Musial, K & Gaworecki, J 1970, 'Multi-Layered Social Network Creation Based on Bibliographic Data', 2010 IEEE Second International Conference on Social Computing, 2010 IEEE Second International Conference on Social Computing (SocialCom), IEEE, pp. 407-412.
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A method for extraction of the multi-layered social network based on the data about human collaborative achievements, in particular scientific papers, is presented in the paper. The objects linking people form a hierarchy, which is flattened in the pre-processing stage. Only one level of the hierarchy remains together with new activities moved from its other levels. Separate layers of the multi-layered social network are created based on these pre-processed activities. © 2010 IEEE.

Kemmer, SL, Rocha, CG, Meneses, LO, Pacheco, AVL & Formoso, CT 1970, 'Application of lean principles to manage a customisation process', Challenging Lean Construction Thinking: What Do We Think and What Do We Know? - 18th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction, IGLC 18, pp. 306-315.
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The increasing diversity of dwellers lifestyles and requirements demand changes in the house building industry. The adoption of customisation strategies by constructions companies will increase the product value. Nonetheless, a major challenge is how to increase product variety while maintaining an efficient production process. This paper describes a set of practices developed by a medium-sized construction firm for managing customisation during the construction phase. This firm builds housing units for high-end customers who value quality as well as product flexibility. As a result, customisation is considered a strategic asset by the firm and therefore requires the introduction of several changes in the production process so that customers' requirements could be fulfilled without compromising the efficiency of site and office operations. In order to implement this process, the firm had to change the longstanding view that design changes required by customers harm site operations to the one which recognized that carrying out those changes could in fact add value for customers from the market niche targeted by the firm and thus increase sales. The customisation practices introduced by the firm were strongly based on Lean Construction concepts and principles, such as process transparency, reducing the share of non-value-added activities, increasing output value through systematic consideration of customers' requirements, increasing output flexibility, batch size reduction, focusing on controlling the whole process, constraint analysis, among others. This paper focuses on three house-building projects that had high levels of customisation and how the customisation process was managed.

Keshavarz, R, Movahhedi, M & Hakimi, A 1970, 'A compact 0-dB coupled-line forward coupler by loading with shunt periodic stubs', Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference Proceedings, APMC, pp. 1248-1251.
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A wideband coupled-line forward (co-directional) coupler with tight coupling-level is presented. In this coupler we loaded two coupled microstrip lines with periodic shunt stubs that show capacitive and inductive nature in the even and odd modes, respectively. These periodic stubs, lead to increase the difference between the even and odd mode propagation constants of the coupled-line coupler, and also to decrease the structure length. Compared with the conventional forward coupler, this symmetrical structure, achieves wider operation bandwidth and smaller size with larger coupling level. The designed prototype is a 0-dB microstrip coupler over a wide bandwidth of 66% from 2GHz to 4GHz centered at 3GHz. The length of the coupled line is nearly λg/2 and length of the stubs is 2 mm, which make it more compact than other forward couplers have been proposed. To characterize this structure, the equivalent circuit model is established and verified by simulation. Moreover, we present some curves for selecting dimension of the proposed coupler for indicated coupling-level on FR-4 substrate. © 2010 IEICE Institute of Electronics Informati.

Keshavarzi, A & Ball, J 1970, 'River Bed and Bank Stability Using Convex, Concave and Linear Bed Sills', ADVANCES IN HYDRAULIC PHYSICAL MODELING AND FIELD INVESTMENT AND INVESTIGATION, International Symposium on Hydraulic Physical Modeling and Field Investigation (ISHPF 2010), CHINA WATERPOWER PRESS-CWPP, Nanjing, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 396-400.

Keshavarzi, A, Ball, J & Hedayat, N 1970, 'Study of flow structure over the ripples in the bed of open channel', WMSCI 2010 - The 14th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, Proceedings, 14th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS, Orlando, FL, pp. 205-210.
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The structure of turbulent flow over the ripples in an open channel is very important for sediment entrainment and transport and it is a flow characteristic that is not completely understood at present. In this study, the flow structure over ripples was investigated experimentally. To investigate flow structure, the velocity of flow over the ripples in an open channel was measured in three dimensions using an Acoustic Doppler Velocity meter (Micro-ADV). The velocity of the flow was measured at 128 points in the flow with a sampling rate of 50 samples per second. The time averaged flow velocities in the longitudinal and vertical directions were computed prior to analysis of velocity fluctuations to find the contribution of the bursting events into Reynolds shear stress. Presented herein is a discussion of the contribution of bursting events and the Reynolds shear stress as determined in this paper.

Keshavarzy, A, Ball, JE & Hedayat, N 1970, 'Study of Flow Structure over the Ripples in the Bed of Open Channel', Proceedings: The 6th International Symposium on Management, Engineering and Informatics: MEI 2010 (In the Context of The 14th Multi-conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics: WMSCI 2010), International Symposium on Management, Engineering and Informatics: MEI, International Institute of Informatics and Systemics (IIIS), Florida, USA, pp. 1-6.
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The structure of turbulent flow over the ripples in an open channel is very important for sediment entrainment and transport and it is a flow characteristic that is not completely understood at present. In this study, the flow structure over ripples was investigated experimentally. To investigate flow structure, the velocity of flow over the ripples in an open channel was measured in three dimensions using an Acoustic Doppler Velocity meter (Micro-ADV). The velocity of the flow was measured at 128 points in the flow with a sampling rate of 50 samples per second. The time averaged flow velocities in the longitudinal and vertical directions were computed prior to analysis of velocity fluctuations to find the contribution of the bursting events into Reynolds shear stress. Presented herein is a discussion of the contribution of bursting events and the Reynolds shear stress as determined in this paper.

Khan, A, Khan, EU, Nasir, AB & Khabbaz, H 1970, 'Methods for Estimating Internal Erosion in Embankment Dams', Proceedings of the International Conference on Geotechnical Engineering, International Conference on Geotechnical Engineering, Pakistan Geotechnical Engineering Society (PGES), Lahore, Pakistan, pp. 129-135.
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Historical data shows that piping failure is one of the most common modes of failure in dams. To evaluate the safety of dams it is necessary to estimate the internal erosion rate based on precise geotechnical and soil hydraulic properties. This paper presents two methods for estimating the internal erosion through embankment dams. The findings of this paper indicate that a combination of these two methods can lead to a more robust and reliable set of results when estimating internal erosion of embankment dams.

Khan, A, Zhang, J & Wang, Y 1970, 'Appearance-Based Re-identification of People in Video', 2010 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications, 2010 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications (DICTA), IEEE, pp. 357-362.
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This paper introduces the topic of appearance-based reidentification of people in video. This work is based on colour information of people's clothing. Most of the work described in the literature uses full body histogram. This paper evaluates the histogram method and describes ways of including spatial colour information. The paper proposes a colour-based appearance descriptor called Colour Context People Descriptor. All the methods are evaluated extensively. The results are reported in the experiments. It is concluded at the end that adding spatial colour information greatly improves the re-identification results. © 2010 IEEE.

Kim, J, Yoshizawa, S & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Dynamic wordlength calibration to reduce power dissipation in wireless OFDM systems', 2010 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems, APCCAS 2010-2010 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems, IEEE.
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Kirchner, N, Alempijevic, A, Caraian, S, Fitch, R, Hordern, D, Hu, G, Paul, G, Richards, D, Singh, SPN & Webb, S 1970, 'RobotAssist - A platform for human robot interaction research', Proceedings of the 2010 Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, ACRA 2010, Proceedings of the Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, Brisbane, pp. 1-10.
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This paper presents RobotAssist, a robotic platform designed for use in human robot interaction research and for entry into Robocup@Home competition. The core autonomy of the system is implemented as a component based software framework that allows for integration of operating system independent components, is designed to be expandable and integrates several layers of reasoning. The approaches taken to develop the core capabilities of the platform are described, namely: path planning in a social context, Simultaneous Localisation and Mapping (SLAM), human cue sensing and perception, manipulatable object detection and manipulation.

Kocaballi, AB 1970, 'Wearable environments', Proceedings of the 28th Annual European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics, ECCE '10: European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics, ACM, pp. 315-318.
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Motivation - The main motivation of this research is to gain a better understanding of dynamic agency between human, machine and environment relations mediated by a synthesis of wearable computing and smart environments technologies. Research approach - The study follows a research through design approach. There are two main stages of the study involving a series of workshops involving designed prototype systems with different configurations. The prototype systems are designed based on the idea of "Wearable Environments" combining wearable computing and smart environments approaches to ubiquitous computing together. The interactions between prototype systems and human participants are analysed from a post-phenomenological perspective. Findings/Design - The preliminary workshop study showed that the perception and interpretation of sonic and tactile feedbacks and consequently the strategies of subjects were highly dependent on the places of wearable devices attached to. Research limitations/Implications - The study deals with only low-level cognitive actions and microperception shaping the machine-mediated human agency. Originality/Value - The research will clarify some critical dimensions and aspects of complex phenomenon of agency in service of designing wearable environments by synthesizing the approaches of the fields of wearable computing and smart environments. Take away message - Wearable environments with enactive interfaces can provide unique opportunities for investigating and reconfiguring various forms of human-machine-environment relations.

Kocaballi, AB, Gemeinboeck, P & Saunders, R 1970, 'Enabling new forms of agency using wearable environments', Proceedings of the 8th ACM Conference on Designing Interactive Systems, DIS '10: Designing Interactive Systems Conference 2010, ACM, pp. 248-251.
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Technological artefacts can mediate the relations between humans and the environment: mediation changes our agency, which can be defined as our capacity for action. There can be different types of technological mediation and each type shapes our agency differently. Our model of wearable environments, which combines wearable computing and smart environment approaches, is useful for exploring new types of relations and, by extension, new forms of agency. In this paper, we present the first stage of developing a wearable environment system involving a series of workshops using two prototype devices. We evaluated the workshop activities according to a post-phenomenological account: this has allowed us to analyse the transformation of machine-mediated agency vis-à-vis two dimensions: perception and praxis. Our findings showed that interpretations of sonic and tactile feedback were highly dependent upon the placement of the sensing and effecting capacities of the system. © 2010 ACM.

Kodagoda, S, Zhang, Z & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Crop and weed classification based on a colour and NIR sensory setup', Proc. Innovative Production Machines and Systems - 5th I*PROMS Virtual International Conference, International Conference on Innovative Production Machines and Systems, Whittles Publishing, Virtual conference, pp. 212-217.
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This paper presents a multi-modal sensing approach for detecting Bidens pilosa L (commonly known as cobbler's peg) in wheat farms. Bidens is an annual broad leaf weed in tropical and sub-tropical regions and reported to be a weed that needs to be identified and eliminated when farming thirty one different crop varieties. Both Bidens and wheat leaves can have similar visual cues due to the curled up nature of the wheat leaves. This makes a straightforward visual image (RGB) based classification nontrivial. Therefore, we have integrated another informative band in the spectrum, which is the NIR band. Information retrieved is processed to generate a series of cues that are then fed into a classification algorithm. Bidens and wheat plant species are used to verify the classification algorithm. The proposed technique is able to achieve an accuracy of 88% - 95% even when there is substantial overlapping between Bidens and wheat leaves.

Kong, X, Li Liu & Tich Phuoc Tran 1970, 'Modeling satellite Positioning errors in different configurations from end user's viewpoint', 2010 16th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC), 2010 16th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC), IEEE, Auckland, pp. 34-39.
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Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) provide positioning service to civil applications. At the end user's side, these positioning services will have different position accuracy levels when satellite signal configurations and receiver noise levels are different. In this paper, a position error modeling is presented using a black-box approach. Using this approach, end users will treat the entire signal biases and receiver noises as a black-box transfer function. No efforts are made to model many different individual error sources of satellite signals and receivers. Further, a different type of sensor is chosen to aid the error de-correlation. Experimental results in different configurations are presented.

Koppi, T, Edwards, SL, Sheard, J, Naghdy, F & Brookes, W 1970, 'The case for ICT work-integrated learning from graduates in the workplace', Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series, Australasian Computing Education Conference, Australian Computer Society, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 107-116.
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An online survey of recent ICT graduates in the workplace was carried out as part of a recent project funded by the Australian Learning and Teaching Council. The survey was concerned with the ICT curriculum in relation to workplace job requirements and university preparation for these requirements. The survey contained quantitative and qualitative components and findings from the former have been published (Koppi et al., 2009). This paper reports on a quantitative comparison of responses from graduates who had workplace experience and those who did not, and a qualitative analysis of text responses from all ICT graduates to open-ended questions concerning the curriculum and their perceived university preparation for the workplace. The overwhelming response from ICT graduates in the workplace was for more industryrelated learning. These industry relationships included industry involvement, workplace learning and business experience, up-to-date teaching and technologies, practical applications, and real-world activities. A closer relationship of academia and industry was strongly advocated by ICT graduates in the workplace. © 2010, Australian Computer Society, Inc.

Korsunsky, AM, Hunter, A, Hukins, DWL, Gelman, L, Hogger, CJ, Ceglarek, DJ, Payne, S, Ao, SI, Ahmad, M, Alexandrou, I, Al-Nuaimy, W, Amavasai, BP, An, YY, Ariwa, E, Arteche, J, Audrino, F, Ayesh, A, Baber, C, Bailey, C, Balkan, N, Barria, J, Bartosova, J, Benkrid, K, Bleijs, H, Bluck, M, Bose, I, Bouzas, PR, Braiden, PM, Brdys, M, Burriesci, G, Cannataro, M, Carvalho, A, Chang, CC, Chen, D, Chen, GG, Chen, YS, Chiclana, F, Cooke, A, Das, DB, Davis, DN, Dayoub, I, Raman, SDCV, Demetriou, IC, Devai, F, Dilmaghani, RS, Dini, D, Drikakis, D, Durkan, C, Durodola, J, Etebar, K, Fenn, P, Figueiredo, A, Florou, G, Freear, S, Gabrys, B, Galbraith, GH, Gaskell, PH, Gaura, E, Ge, ZQ, Ghafouri-Shiraz, H, Ghavami, M, Giannopoulos, K, Pruneda Gonzalez, RE, Gracia, AM, Grecos, C, Guan, L, Gulpinar, N, Guo, R, Guo, Y, Hardalupas, Y, He, L, Herrero, JR, Hicks, BJ, Hines, EL, Hodgson, S, Horsfall, A, Hosein, P, Hu, F, Hu, O, Ijomah, W, Ming, J, James, A, Jancovic, P, Jhumka, A, Kamareddine, F, Kannan, R, Karsligil, ME, Katircioglu, ST, Khalid, A, Kokossis, A, Kontis, K, Kulekci, MO, Laukaitis, A, Leeson, M, Limbachiya, MC, Li, L, Li, L, Lin, P, Ling, WK & Macias Lopez, EM 1970, 'WCE 2010 - World Congress on Engineering 2010: Preface', WCE 2010 - World Congress on Engineering 2010.

Kusakunniran, W, Wu, Q, Zhang, J & Li, H 1970, 'Multi-view Gait Recognition Based on Motion Regression Using Multilayer Perceptron', 2010 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2010 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), IEEE, Istanbul Turkey, pp. 2186-2189.
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It has been shown that gait is an efficient biometric feature for identifying a person at a distance. However, it is a challenging problem to obtain reliable gait feature when viewing angle changes because the body appearance can be different under the various viewing angles. In this paper, the problem above is formulated as a regression problem where a novel View Transformation Model (VTM) is constructed by adopting Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) as regression tool. It smoothly estimates gait feature under an unknown viewing angle based on motion information in a well selected Region of Interest (ROI) under other existing viewing angles. Thus, this proposal can normalize gait features under various viewing angles into a common viewing angle before gait similarity measurement is carried out. Encouraging experimental results have been obtained based on widely adopted benchmark database. © 2010 IEEE.

Kusakunniran, W, Wu, Q, Zhang, J & Li, H 1970, 'Support vector regression for multi-view gait recognition based on local motion feature selection', 2010 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2010 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), IEEE, San Francisco CA, USA, pp. 974-981.
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Gait is a well recognized biometric feature that is used to identify a human at a distance. However, in real environment, appearance changes of individuals due to viewing angle changes cause many difficulties for gait recognition. This paper re-formulates this problem as a regression problem. A novel solution is proposed to create a View Transformation Model (VTM) from the different point of view using Support Vector Regression (SVR). To facilitate the process of regression, a new method is proposed to seek local Region of Interest (ROI) under one viewing angle for predicting the corresponding motion information under another viewing angle. Thus, the well constructed VTM is able to transfer gait information under one viewing angle into another viewing angle. This proposal can achieve view-independent gait recognition. It normalizes gait features under various viewing angles into a common viewing angle before similarity measurement is carried out. The extensive experimental results based on widely adopted benchmark dataset demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can achieve significantly better performance than the existing methods in literature. ©2010 IEEE.

Lai, JC, Leung, FH, Ling, S-H & IEEE 1970, 'A New Differential Evolution with Self-terminating Ability using Fuzzy Control and K-Nearest Neighbors', 2010 IEEE CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION (CEC), IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, IEEE, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 503-510.
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A new Differential Evolution (DE) that incorporates fuzzy control and k-nearest neighbors algorithm to determine the terminating condition is proposed. A technique called Iteration Windows is introduced to govern the number of iteration in each searching stage. The size of the iteration windows is controlled by a fuzzy controller, which uses the information provided by the k-nearest neighbors system to analyze the population during the searching process. The controller keeps controlling the iteration windows until the end of the searching process. The wavelet based mutation process is embedded in the DE searching process to enhance the searching performance of DE. The F weight of DE is also controlled by the fuzzy controller to further speed up the searching process. A suite of benchmark test functions is employed to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. It is shown empirically that the proposed method can terminate the searching process with a reasonable number of iteration. © 2010 IEEE.

Lai, JC, Leung, FH, Ling, S-H & IEEE 1970, 'Economic Load Dispatch using Differential Evolution with Double Wavelet Mutation Operations', 2010 IEEE CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION (CEC), IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, IEEE, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 2013-2018.
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In this paper, a modified Differential Evolution (DE) that incorporates double wavelet-based operations is proposed to handle a load flow problem. The wavelet based operation is embedded in the DE mutation and crossover operation. In the DE mutation operation, the scaling factor is controlled by a wavelet function. In the DE crossover operation, a wavelet-based mutation operation is embedded in it. The trial population vectors are thus modified by the wavelet function. The double wavelet mutations are applied in order to enhance DE in exploring the high-dimension solution space more effectively for better solution quality and stability. The proposed DE algorithm is employed to solve the Economic Load Dispatch with Valve-Point Loading (ELD-VPL) Problem. It is shown empirically that the proposed method out-performs significantly the conventional methods in terms of convergence speed, solution quality and solution stability. © 2010 IEEE.

Laird, J, Geers, DG, Wang, Y & Chou, CT 1970, 'Vehicle occlusion model for traffic monitoring', Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Computational Transportation Science, GIS '10: 18th SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems, ACM, San Jose, CA, pp. 23-28.
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Lakanchanh, D, Noppanakeepong, S, Yoshizawa, S & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Adaptive OFDM modulation techniques over fading channel for wireless communication systems with an 80 MHz bandwidth', 2010 3rd International Nanoelectronics Conference (INEC), 2010 IEEE 3rd International Nanoelectronics Conference (INEC), IEEE.
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Lane, C, Gal, Y, Browne, M, Short, A, Strauss, D, Tomlinson, R, Jackson, K, Tan, C & Blumenstein, M 1970, 'A new system for breakzone location and the measurement of breaking wave heights and periods.', 2010 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS 2010 - 2010 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IEEE, pp. 2234-2236.
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This paper presents a new system for measuring breakzone locations, breaking wave height and wave periods across the surfzone from a digital video sequence. The system (Wave Pack) aims to provide real-time measurement of breaking and re-breaking wave heights and wave periods using low mounted video camera installations. Following on site data collection and analysis it was found that the Wave Pack system provides a low cost, robust, reliable and accurate system for measuring continuous wave height and period from a low elevation video camera aimed at the target beach under a wide range of wave conditions. These tests have verified the accuracy of Wave Pack in comparison to existing systems. © 2010 IEEE.

Lee, F, Almeida, M & Indraratna, B 1970, 'Physical modelling of soft ground problems', Physical Modelling in Geotechnics - Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics 2010, ICPMG 2010, CRC Press, pp. 45-66.
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This paper reviews the application of physical modelling to soft ground engineering problems. The problems discussed include foundations and bearing problems, consolidation and preloading problems, ground improvement and underground constructions. © 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

Lee, J, Blumenstein, M, Guan, H & Loo, Y-C 1970, 'Long-term Prediction of Bridge Element Performance Using Time Delay Neural Networks (TDNNs)', IABSE Symposium, Venice 2010: Large Structures and Infrastructures for Environmentally Constrained and Urbanised Areas, IABSE Symposium, Venice 2010: Large Structures and Infrastructures for Environmentally Constrained and Urbanised Areas, International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), pp. 374-375.
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<p>A bridge is principally designed to have a long service life. However, due to number factors, it could fail prematurely, and could cause loss of human life. In order to ensure the optimum bridge serviceability, systematic asset management is essential for effective decision-making of maintenance, repair and rehabilitation (MR&amp;R). Systematic asset management can be achieved by a computer-based bridge management system (BMS). Successful BMS development requires a reliable bridge deterioration model, which is the most crucial component in a BMS. Historical condition ratings obtained from biennial bridge inspections are a major resource for predicting future bridge deterioration via BMSs. However, available historical condition ratings from most bridge agencies are very limited, thus posing a major barrier for predicting reliable future bridge performance.</p><p>This paper presents the progressive research on the development of a reliable bridge deterioration model using advanced Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques. The development is organised in three major steps: (1) generating unavailable past bridge element condition ratings using the Backward Prediction Model (BPM) - this helps to provide sufficient historical deterioration patterns for each element; (2) predicting long-term condition ratings based on the outcome of Step 1 using Time Delay Neural Networks (TDNNs); and (3) improving long-term prediction accuracy of Step 2 by employing Case-based Reasoning (CBR). This paper mainly focuses on the first two steps of the research. Promising results are reported for the reliable long-term prediction of bridge element performance.</p>

Lee, JE-Y & Seshia, AA 1970, 'Direct parameter extraction in capacitively transduced micromechanical resonators using the anti-resonance', 2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium, 2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (FCS), IEEE.
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Lehmann, T & Hamilton, TJ 1970, 'Integrated circuits towards reducing e-waste: Future design directions', The 2010 International Conference on Green Circuits and Systems, 2010 International Conference on Green Circuits and Systems (ICGCS), IEEE, pp. 469-472.
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Electronic devices and systems are not usually environmentally friendly. Large amounts of energy and hazardous substances are required for their production, and discarded products end up in landfills; trends that are exacerbated by fast moving advances in consumer electronics. In this paper, we argue that the most promising way to reduce the environmental load of consumer electronics is to move towards reusable electronic components; components that are reliable, self-testing, and, most importantly, flexible in a manner that allow electronic systems to be build for a wide range of applications using only a few highly reconfigurable integrated circuits. © 2010 IEEE.

Lemke, C & Gabrys, B 1970, 'Meta-learning for time series forecasting in the NN GC1 competition', International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, 2010 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE), IEEE.
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There are no algorithms that generally perform better or worse than random when looking at all possible data sets according to the no-free-lunch theorem. A specific forecasting method will hence naturally have different performances in different empirical studies. This makes it impossible to draw general conclusions, however, there will of course be specific problems for which one algorithm performs better than another in practice. Meta-learning exploits this fact by linking characteristics of the data set to the performances of methods, adapting the selection or combination of base methods to a specific problem. This contribution describes an approach using meta-learning for time series forecasting in the NN GC1 competition. In order to generate bigger and more reliable meta-data set, data of the past NN3 and NN5 competitions have been included. A pool of individual forecasting and combination models are combined using a ranking algorithm with weights being determined by past performance on similar series. © 2010 IEEE.

Leveaux, R 1970, 'Technology Driving Changes in Competitor Decision Making and Match Management', BUSINESS TRANSFORMATION THROUGH INNOVATION AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT: AN ACADEMIC PERSPECTIVE, VOLS 3 AND 4, International Business Information Management Association Conference, International Business Information Management Association, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 2116-2124.
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The main aim and focus of this work is to examine the impacts of the differing information technologies, currently used in sport, are having on the competitorâs decision making processes and their match management. One Olympic sport which is currently introducing mandatory decision making technologies to the scoring processes was examined through discussion groups and interviews. The participants in the study had all participated and competed from the grassroots level to the elite level in Taekwondo, and exposed to various âofficiatingâ technologies as the technologies were being adopted by their sport. The findings present that, in the majority, the differing degrees of information technology being employed does impact on the athleteâs decision making process and the individualâs match management. When information technology is being used to provide a mechanism to ensure the correctness of officiating decisions, the outcomes of the matches can be additionally affected by the athleteâs ability to adapt to the technology as well as the situation. The diligent use and application of appropriate technologies can be used as an effective aid, but it does come at a cost. Since the introduction of the use of decision making technology, the way the athlete prepares and competes in a match has changed. The findings provide a basis for further studies and examination of the impacts of the introduction of information technologies into other sports and as a transformer of sport.

Li, C-H, Lin, C-T, Kuo, B-C & Chu, H-S 1970, 'An automatic method for selecting the parameter of the RBF kernel function to support vector machines', 2010 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS 2010 - 2010 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IEEE, Honolulu, HI, pp. 836-839.
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Li, HJ, Jiang, ZY, Wei, DB, Han, JT & Tieu, AK 1970, 'Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Modelling of the Influence of Friction on Surface Roughening during Uniaxial Planar Compression', Materials Science Forum, 7th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing, Trans Tech Publications, Ltd., Cairns, AUSTRALIA, pp. 1606-1609.
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The friction is a key factor that influences the surface quality in metal forming. To figure out the relationship between the friction and the surface roughening, a finite element model is employed in the commercial finite element software ABAQUS to simulate the surface roughness of top side of Al plate during uniaxial planar compression. With the change of friction conditions, the surface roughening varies. The average surface roughness (Ra) shows a relationship with the friction coefficient. During the surface roughening process, the grain slip takes place in the “soft orientation”, and the “hard orientations” become the barrier of the slip.

Li, J & Tao, D 1970, 'An Exponential Family Extension to Principal Component Analysis.', Aust. J. Intell. Inf. Process. Syst., International Conference on Neural Information Processing, Springer, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1-9.
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In this paper, we present a unified probabilistic model for constrained factorisation models, which employs exponential family distributions to represent the constrained factors. Our main objective is to provide a versatile framework, on which prototype models with various constraints can be implemented effortlessly. For learning the proposed stochastic model, Gibbs sampling is employed for model inference. We also demonstrate the utility and versatility of the model by experiments.

Li, J & Tao, D 1970, 'Boosted Dynamic Cognitive Activity Recognition from Brain Images.', ICMLA, International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications, IEEE Computer Society, Washington, D.C., USA, pp. 361-366.
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Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) has become an important diagnostic tool for measuring brain haemodynamics. Previous research on analysing fMRI data mainly focuses on detecting low-level neuron activation from the ensued haemodynamic activities. An important recent advance is to show that the high-level cognitive status is recognisable from a period of fMRI records. Nevertheless, it would also be helpful to reveal dynamics of cognitive activities during the period. In this paper, we tackle the problem of discovering the dynamic cognitive activities by proposing an algorithm of boosted structure learning. We employ statistic model of random fields to represent the dynamics of the brain. To exploit the rich fMRI observations with reasonable model complexity, we build multiple models, where one model links the cognitive activities to only a fraction of the fMRI observations. We combine the simple models by using an altered AdaBoost scheme for multi-class structure learning and show theoretical justification of the proposed scheme. Empirical test shows the method effectively links the physiological and the psychological activities of the brain. © 2010 IEEE.

Li, J & Tao, D 1970, 'Simple Exponential Family PCA.', AISTATS, JMLR.org, pp. 453-460.
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Bayesian principal component analysis (BPCA), a probabilistic reformulation of PCA with Bayesian model selection, is a systematic approach to determining the number of essential principal components (PCs) for data representation. However, it assumes that data are Gaussian distributed and thus it cannot handle all types of practical observations, e.g. integers and binary values. In this paper, we propose simple exponential family PCA (SePCA), a generalised family of probabilistic principal component analysers. SePCA employs exponential family distributions to handle general types of observations. By using Bayesian inference, SePCA also automatically discovers the number of essential PCs. We discuss techniques for fitting the model, develop the corresponding mixture model, and show the effectiveness of the model based on experiments.

Li, J, Liu, Q & Zeng, T 1970, 'Negative correlations in collaboration', Proceedings of the 16th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining, KDD '10: The 16th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, ACM, Washington DC, pp. 463-472.
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Li, J, Müller-Tomfelde, C & Hyatt, A 1970, 'Supporting collaborations across a biocontainment barrier', Proceedings of the 22nd Conference of the Computer-Human Interaction Special Interest Group of Australia on Computer-Human Interaction, OZCHI '10: Proceedings of the 22th conference of the computer-human interaction special interest group of Australia on Computer-human interaction, ACM, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 320-323.
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We present the design process of a collaboration platform which allows research and diagnostics scientists in an animal health laboratory to work collaboratively across a biocontainment barrier. This Biosecurity Collaboration Platform (BCP) integrates high quality audio-video communications with a large shared interactive workspace. It enables real-time sharing of a broad range of data from various data repositories and computer applications, including microscope imaging. We describe the one-year design and development activities which included field study, scenario-based use case analysis, iterative design and evaluations. We highlight factors relating to the unique setting and the associated difficulties in information sharing and communication. We discuss the importance of an appropriate design approach and our solution of an integrated interaction and communication workspace with appropriate configurations to support the scientific collaborations.

Li, L & IEEE 1970, 'Coprime Factor Model Reduction for Discrete-time Uncertain Systems', 49TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL (CDC), IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, IEEE, Atlanta, Georgia, pp. 6213-6218.
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This paper presents a contractive coprime factor model reduction approach for discrete-time uncertain systems of LFT form with norm bounded structured uncertainty. A systematic approach is proposed for coprime factorization and contractive coprime factorization of the underlying uncertain systems. The proposed coprime factor approach overcomes the robust stability restriction on the underlying systems which is required in the balanced truncation approach. The method is based on the use of LMIs to construct the desired reduced dimension uncertain system model. ©2010 IEEE.

Li, S & Liu, W 1970, 'Topological relations between convex regions', Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, National Conference of the American Association for Artificial Intelligence, AAAI Press, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, pp. 321-326.
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Topological relations between spatial objects are the most important kind of qualitative spatial information. Dozens of relation models have been proposed in the past two decades. These models usually make a small number of distinctions and therefore can only cope with spatial information at a fixed granularity of spatial knowledge. In this paper, we propose a topological relation model in which the topological relation between two convex plane regions can be uniquely represented as a circular string over the alphabet {u, v, x, y}. A linear algorithm is given to compute the topological relation between two convex polygons. The infinite relation calculus could be used in hierarchical spatial reasoning as well as in qualitative shape description. Copyright © 2010, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (www.aaai.org). All rights reserved.

Li, S & Liu, W 1970, 'Topological Relations between Convex Regions', Proceedings of the 24th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI 2010, pp. 321-326.
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Topological relations between spatial objects are the most important kind of qualitative spatial information. Dozens of relation models have been proposed in the past two decades. These models usually make a small number of distinctions and therefore can only cope with spatial information at a fixed granularity of spatial knowledge. In this paper, we propose a topological relation model in which the topological relation between two convex plane regions can be uniquely represented as a circular string over the alphabet (u, v, x, y). A linear algorithm is given to compute the topological relation between two convex polygons. The infinite relation calculus could be used in hierarchical spatial reasoning as well as in qualitative shape description.

Li, Z, Wang, Y, Chen, J, Xu, J & Larid, J 1970, 'Image Topic Discovery with Saliency Detection', Procedings of the British Machine Vision Conference 2010, British Machine Vision Conference 2010, British Machine Vision Association.
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This work proposes a biologically inspired approach to integrate latent topic model with saliency detection. Firstly, a saliency detection algorithm is presented to discriminate salient objects from background parts in the image. A hierarchical latent topic model is proposed to discover image topics by combining subtopics of both salient objects and background parts. We test the algorithm on public image datasets for saliency detection and image categorization. The experimental results show that the proposed approach robustly detects salient objects and categorizes image data, and it outperforms state-of-the-art methods for both saliency detection and unsupervised topic modelling. © 2010. The copyright of this document resides with its authors.

Li, Z, Wang, Y, Geers, G, Chen, J, Yang, J & Laird, J 1970, 'Saliency based joint topic discovery for object categorization', 2010 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 2010 17th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2010), IEEE, Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 4581-4584.
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Li, Z, Zhang, J, Wu, Q & Geers, G 1970, 'Feature Enhancement Using Gradient Salience on Thermal Image', 2010 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications, 2010 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications (DICTA), IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 556-562.
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Feature enhancement in an image is to reinforce some exacted features so that it can be used for object classification and detection. As the thermal image is lack of texture and colorful information, the techniques for visual image feature enhancement is insufficient to apply to thermal images. In this paper, we propose a new gradient-based approach for feature enhancement in thermal image. We use the statistical properties of gradient of foreground object profiles, and formulate object features with gradient saliency. Empirical evaluation of the proposed approach shows significant performance improved on human contours which can be used for detection and classification. © 2010 IEEE.

Liang, J & Huang, ML 1970, 'Highlighting in Information Visualization: A Survey', 2010 14th International Conference Information Visualisation, 2010 14th International Conference Information Visualisation (IV), IEEE, London, UK, pp. 79-85.
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Highlighting was the basic viewing control mechanism in computer graphics and visualization to guide users' attention in reading diagrams, images, graphs and digital texts. As the rapid growth of theory and practice in information visualization, highlighting has extended its role that acts as not only a viewing control, but also an interaction control and a graphic recommendation mechanism in knowledge visualization and visual analytics. In this work, we attempt to give a formal summarization and classification of the existing highlighting methods and techniques that can be applied in Information Visualization, Visual Analytics and Knowledge Visualization. We propose a new three-layer model of highlighting. We discuss the responsibilities of each layer in the different stage of the visual information processing. © 2010 IEEE.

Ling, S, Nuryani & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Hypoglycaemia detection for type 1 diabetic patients based on ECG parameters using Fuzzy Support Vector Machine.', IJCNN, International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, IEEE, Spain, pp. 1-7.
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Nocturnal hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetic patients can be dangerous in which symptoms may not be apparent while blood glucose level decreases to very low level, and for this reason, an effective detection system for hypoglycaemia is crucial. This research work proposes a detection system for the hypoglycaemia based on the classification of electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters. The classification uses a Fuzzy Support Vector Machine (FSVM) with inputs of heart rate, corrected QT (QTc) interval and corrected TpTe (TpTe c) interval. Three types of kernel functions (radial basis function (RBF), exponential radial basis function (ERBF) and polynomial function) are investigated in the classification. Moreover, parameters of the kernel functions are tuned to find the optimum of the classification. The results show that the FSVM classification using RBF kernel function demonstrates better performance than using SVM. However, both classifiers result approximately same performance if ERBF and polynomial kernel functions are used. © 2010 IEEE.

Ling, SH, Nguyen, H, Chan, KY & IEEE 1970, 'Genetic Algorithm based Fuzzy Multiple Regression for the Nocturnal Hypoglycaemia Detection', 2010 IEEE CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION (CEC), IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, IEEE, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 2659-2664.
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Low blood glucose (Hypoglycaemia) is dangerous and can result in unconsciousness, seizures and even death. It has a common and serious side effect of insulin therapy in patients with diabetes. We measure physiological parameters (heart rate, corrected QT interval of the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, change of heart rate, and the change of corrected QT interval) continuously to provide detection of hypoglycaemic. Based on these physiological parameters, we have developed a genetic algorithm based multiple regression model to determine the presence of hypoglycaemic episodes. Genetic algorithm is used to determine the optimal parameters of the multiple regression. The overall data were organized into a training set (8 patients) and a testing set (another 8 patient) which are randomly selected. The clinical results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve predictions with good sensitivities and acceptable specificities. © 2010 IEEE.

Ling, SH, Nuryani & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Evolved fuzzy reasoning model for hypoglycaemic detection', 2010 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC'10, pp. 4662-4665.
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Hypoglycaemia is a serious side effect of insulin therapy in patients with diabetes. We measure physiological parameters (heart rate, corrected QT interval of the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal) continuously to provide early detection of hypoglycemic episodes in Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. Based on the physiological parameters, an evolved fuzzy reasoning model (FRM) to recognize the presence of hypoglycaemic episodes is developed. To optimize the fuzzy rules and the fuzzy membership functions of FRM, an evolutionary algorithm called hybrid particle swarm optimization with wavelet mutation operation is investigated. All data sets are collected from Department of Health, Government of Western Australia for a clinical study. The results show that the proposed algorithm performs well in terms of the clinical sensitivity and specificity. © 2010 IEEE.

Ling, SH, Nuryani, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'Evolved Fuzzy Reasoning Model for Hypoglycaemic Detection', 2010 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC), IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual Conference, Piscataway, USA, Buenos Aires, Argentina, pp. 4662-4665.
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Hypoglycaemia is a serious side effect of insulin therapy in patients with diabetes. We measure physiological parameters (heart rate, corrected QT interval of the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal) continuously to provide early detection of hypoglycemic episodes in Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. Based on the physiological parameters, an evolved fuzzy reasoning model (FRM) to recognize the presence of hypoglycaemic episodes is developed. To optimize the fuzzy rules and the fuzzy membership functions of FRM, an evolutionary algorithm called hybrid particle swarm optimization with wavelet mutation operation is investigated. All data sets are collected from Department of Health, Government of Western Australia for a clinical study. The results show that the proposed algorithm performs well in terms of the clinical sensitivity and specificity.

Litchfield, A, Dyson, LE, Wright, M, Pradhan, S & Courtille, B 1970, 'Student-Produced Vodcasts as Active Metacognitive Learning', 2010 10th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies, 2010 IEEE 10th International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT), IEEE, Sousse, Tunisia, pp. 560-564.
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Pod and vodcasts are increasingly used in international higher education. Most are produced by faculty either to replace the traditional lecture or to provide an alternative source of lecture material for students to listen to at convenient times. In contrast this paper examines the learning outcomes achieved when studentsâ produce vodcasts as an assigned task. When producing the vodcasts studentsâ were no longer 'time poor' often aiming only for a Pass. They were highly motivated and involved in activities designed to address the learning objectives and engaged in active metacognitive learning. The students were involved in peer learning developing research, teamwork and communication understandings and skills, all desirable professional attributes. Evaluation of the pilot of the student-produced vodcast assignment indicates that there was very high engagement and that the learning outcomes achieved were outstanding. Student pre-and-post assignment self-assessment surveys indicate they learnt significantly in the stated assignment objectives of (1) improved awareness of IT careers - 29% to 70% good awareness - and (2) improved skills in multimedia communication - 27% to 49% good video recording and 16% to 51% good multimedia editing skills.

Liu, B, Gong, L, Xu, Y, Rong, B, Wu, Y, Gagnon, G, Gui, L & Zhang, W 1970, 'Designing LDPC Codes with Gated Noise Model for Terrestrial Mobile DTV Channels', 2010 IEEE 72nd Vehicular Technology Conference - Fall, 2010 IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2010-Fall), IEEE, Ottawa, CANADA.
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Liu, B, Ray, AS & Thomas, P 1970, 'Drying shrinkage of hydrothermally cured cements with reactive magnesia and clay brick waste', Proceedings of the 12th International Inorganic-Bonded Fiber Composites Conference, International Inorganic-Bonded Fiber Composites Conference, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark, pp. 90-95.
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In recent years, worldwide research and development in the cement industry has gathered momentum with an aim to explore innovative and sustainable methods to deliver environmentally responsible Portland Cement (PC) based construction products. This study investigated physical and mechanical properties of autoclaved cement-quartz sand blends with the addition of clay-brick waste (CB waste) and reactive magnesia (MgO) with the aim to lower CO2 emissions through the reduction of PC consumption. Mechanical properties and drying shrinkage showed improvements with the incorporation of CB waste due to increased amounts and crystallinity of Al-tobermorite. The addition of reactive MgO to PC in hydrothermal conditions was observed to have a negative effect on the compressive strength. XRD data indicated that MgO did not take part in the reaction during the hydration of the cement and may even retard tobermorite formation. However, the expansive nature from the hydration of MgO to brucite may have compensated for drying shrinkage.

Liu, B, Wu, Y, Rong, B, Gagnon, G, Nadeau, C, El-Tanany, MS, Gui, L & Zhang, W 1970, 'Transmitter identification of ATSC DTV under mobile environment', 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB), 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB), IEEE.
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The ATSC A/110 standard specifies a transmitter identification (TxID) system using RF water-mark. The system, using a 16-bit Kasami sequence, can identify up to 16 millions DTV Transmitters. With the recent development of the ATSC Mobile DTV (M/H), the implementation of transmitter identification will enable new capabilities to receivers in mobile environment. In this paper, we investigate the TxID reception over mobile channels with Doppler fading, dynamic multipath, carrier offset and clock offset, etc. Our simulation results have confirmed the validity of TxID scheme in mobile environment.

Liu, B, Xiao, Y, Cao, L & Yu, PS 1970, 'Orientation distance-based discriminative feature extraction for multi-class classification', Proceedings of the 19th ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management, CIKM '10: International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, ACM, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, pp. 909-918.
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Feature extraction is an effective step in data mining and machine learning. While many feature extraction methods have been proposed for clustering, classification and regression, very limited work has been done on multi-class classification problems. In fact, the accuracy of multi-class classification problems relies on well-extracted features, the modeling part aside. This paper proposes a new feature extraction method, namely extracting orientation distance-based discriminative (ODD) features, which is particularly designed for multi-class classification problems. The proposed method works in two steps. In the first step, we extend the Fisher Discriminant idea to determine more appropriate kernel function and map the input data with all classes into a feature space. In the second step, the ODD features are extracted based on the one-vs-all scheme to generate discriminative features between a pattern and each hyper-plane. These newly extracted features are treated as the representative features and are further used in the subsequent classification procedure. Substantial experiments on both UCI and real-world datasets have been conducted to investigate the performance of ODD features based multi-class classification. The statistical results show that the classification accuracy based on ODD features outperforms that of the state-of-the-art feature extraction methods. © 2010 ACM.

Liu, B, Xiao, Y, Cao, L & Yu, PS 1970, 'Vote-Based LELC for Positive and Unlabeled Textual Data Streams', 2010 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining Workshops, 2010 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining Workshops (ICDMW), IEEE, Sydney, NSW, Australia, pp. 951-958.
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In this paper, we extend LELC (PU Learning by Extracting Likely Positive and Negative Micro-Clusters) method to cope with positive and unlabeled data streams. Our developed approach, which is called vote-based LELC, works in three steps. In the first step, we extract representative documents from unlabeled data and assign a vote score to each document. The assigned vote score reflects the degree of belongingness of an example towards its corresponding class. In the second step, the extracted representative examples, together with their vote scores, are incorporated into a learning phase to build an SVM-based classifier. In the third step, we propose the usage of an ensemble classifier to cope with concept drift involved in the textual data stream environment. Our developed approach aims at improving the performance of LELC by rendering examples to contribute differently to the construction of the classifier according to their vote scores. Extensive experiments on textual data streams have demonstrated that vote-based LELC outperforms the original LELC method. © 2010 IEEE.

Liu, B, Yin, J, Xiao, Y, Cao, L & Yu, PS 1970, 'Exploiting Local Data Uncertainty to Boost Global Outlier Detection', 2010 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining, 2010 IEEE 10th International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM), IEEE, Sydney, pp. 304-313.
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This paper presents a novel hybrid approach to outlier detection by incorporating local data uncertainty into the construction of a global classifier. To deal with local data uncertainty, we introduce a confidence value to each data example in the training data, which measures the strength of the corresponding class label. Our proposed method works in two steps. Firstly, we generate a pseudo training dataset by computing a confidence value of each input example on its class label. We present two different mechanisms: kernel k-means clustering algorithm and kernel LOF-based algorithm, to compute the confidence values based on the local data behavior. Secondly, we construct a global classifier for outlier detection by generalizing the SVDD-based learning framework to incorporate both positive and negative examples as well as their associated confidence values. By integrating local and global outlier detection, our proposed method explicitly handles the uncertainty of the input data and enhances the ability of SVDD in reducing the sensitivity to noise. Extensive experiments on real life datasets demonstrate that our proposed method can achieve a better tradeoff between detection rate and false alarm rate as compared to four state-of-the-art outlier detection algorithms. © 2010 IEEE.

Liu, H, Xu, M, Huang, Q, Jin, JS, Jiang, S & Xu, C 1970, 'A close-up detection method for movies', 2010 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 2010 17th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2010), IEEE, Hongkong, pp. 1505-1508.
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Close-up (CU) is a photographic technique which tightly frames a person or an object. In movies, it is applied to guide audience attention and to evoke audience emotion. In this paper, we detect face CU, object CU, and lean of movies, which are widely used to romance emotions. A lean consists of shots in a sequence, with a close-up shot as focus. A set of features are extracted by considering movie making techniques and human attention for CU detection. The features are average saliency, color entropy, color variance, face height, skin area, and texture scales. These features are tested through statistical hypothesis test to be significantly discriminating for CUs. Then, Support Vector Machine (SVM) is applied on these features to detect face CU and object CU. Based on the face CU and object CU detection result, lean is further detected by investigating the changing of the face/object size. Lean detection is of challenge due to the technique of montage. We solve this problem through color similarity estimation and SIFT point matching. Experimental results on four full length movies verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2010 IEEE.

Liu, M, Guo, X, Zhou, B, Li, Z & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'Asymmetric Double-Agents Architecture for Fast Handoff and Efficient Routing', 2010 IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC 2010 - 2010 IEEE International Conference on Communications, IEEE.
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MIPv6 is one of the dominating protocols that enable a mobile node to maintain its connectivity to the Internet when moving from one access router to another. However, it suffers from long handoff latency and routing inefficiency. In this paper, we present a novel distributed mobility management scheme, ADA (Asymmetric Double-agents Architecture), which introduces two mobility agents to serve one end-to-end communication. One mobility agent is located close to the MN to limit the amount of MIPv6 signaling traffic outside the local domain. The other mobility agent is located close to the CN to minimize routing overheads. Quantitative analysis shows that ADA significantly outperforms the existing mobility management protocols. ©2010 IEEE.

Liu, M, Huang, S, Dissanayake, G, Kodagoda, S & IEEE 1970, 'Towards a Consistent SLAM Algorithm using B-Splines to Represent Environments', IEEE/RSJ 2010 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS (IROS 2010), IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 2065-2070.
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This paper presents a statistically consistent SLAM algorithm where the environment is represented using a collection of B-Splines. The use of B-Splines allow environment to be represented without having to extract specific geometric features such as lines or points. Our previous work proposed a new observation model that enables raw measurements taken from a laser range finder to be transferred into relative position information between the control points of a B-Spline and the robot pose where the observation is made. One of the unresolved issues in the work was the estimation of the observation covariance, which is addressed through an analytical approach in this paper. As the uncertainty associated with the observation model is accurately defined and an optimization approach is used in the estimation process, the proposed SLAM algorithm can produce consistent estimates. Both simulation and experimental data are used for evaluation of the results. ©2010 IEEE.

Liu, W, Ma, S, Tao, D, Liu, J & Liu, P 1970, 'Semi-supervised sparse metric learning using alternating linearization optimization.', KDD, ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data, ACM, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 1139-1148.
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In plenty of scenarios, data can be represented as vectors and then mathematically abstracted as points in a Euclidean space. Because a great number of machine learning and data mining applications need proximity measures over data, a simple and universal distance metric is desirable, and metric learning methods have been explored to produce sensible distance measures consistent with data relationship. However, most existing methods suffer from limited labeled data and expensive training. In this paper, we address these two issues through employing abundant unlabeled data and pursuing sparsity of metrics, resulting in a novel metric learning approach called semi-supervised sparse metric learning. Two important contributions of our approach are: 1) it propagates scarce prior affinities between data to the global scope and incorporates the full affinities into the metric learning; and 2) it uses an efficient alternating linearization method to directly optimize the sparse metric. Compared with conventional methods, ours can effectively take advantage of semi-supervision and automatically discover the sparse metric structure underlying input data patterns. We demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach with extensive experiments carried out on six datasets, obtaining clear performance gains over the state-of-the-arts.

Liu, X, Siriteanu, C, Yoshizawa, S & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Effect of correlation between azimuth spread and Rician K-factor on MIMO performance', 2010 10th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, 2010 10th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE.
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Lu, S, Sun, Y, Ge, Y, Dutkiewicz, E & Zhou, J 1970, 'Joint Power and Rate Control in Ad Hoc Networks Using a Supermodular Game Approach', 2010 IEEE Wireless Communication and Networking Conference, Networking Conference (WCNC), IEEE.
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In ad hoc networks, reducing energy consumption and improving throughput are both important for high network performance. This paper presents a joint power and rate control adaptive algorithm to optimize the trade-off between power consumption and throughput in ad hoc networks. Each node chooses its own transmission power and rate based on limited environment information in order to achieve optimal transmission efficiency. In a fictitious game framework with strategy space transformation, our joint power and rate control adaptive algorithm can be viewed as a supermodular game. By interpreting the supermodular game using myopic best response updates, this algorithm can converge to the unique optimal transmission efficiency. Finally, the simulation results show that this supermodular game approach improves the average transmission efficiency by about 33%. ©2010 IEEE.

Mahmud, MA, Hossain, MJ & Pota, HR 1970, 'Effect of large dynamic loads on interconnected power systems with power oscillation damping controller (PODC)', AUPEC 2010 - 20th Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference: 'Power Quality for the 21st Century', 20th Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC) - Power Quality for the 21st Century, IEEE, Univ Canterbury, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Coll Engn, Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND.
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Power systems are composed of dynamic loads. In this paper, the induction motors which are widely used in consumption units are considered as dynamic loads. This paper presents an analysis to investigate the effects of large dynamic loads on interconnected power systems with power oscillation damping controller (PODC). The PODC is designed based on the conventional method of linearization. An overview to design robust damping controller [19] is also presented and its effectiveness is analyzed and compared with power system stabilizer(PSS) for a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system with increasing dynamic loads.

Mahmud, MA, Hossain, MJ & Pota, HR 1970, 'Investigation of critical parameters for power systems stability with dynamic loads', IEEE PES General Meeting, Energy Society General Meeting, IEEE, Lisbon, PORTUGAL, pp. 1-6.
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Mahmud, MA, Hossain, MJ & Pota, HR 1970, 'Investigation of Critical Parameters for Power Systems Stability with Dynamic Loads', IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING 2010, IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society General Meeting, IEEE, MN, Minneapolis.

Mahmud, MA, Hossain, MJ & Pota, HR 1970, 'Nonlinear excitation control of power systems with dynamic loads via feedback linearization', AUPEC 2010 - 20th Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference: 'Power Quality for the 21st Century', 20th Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC) - Power Quality for the 21st Century, IEEE, Univ Canterbury, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Coll Engn, Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND.
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This paper presents a nonlinear control design method for interconnected power systems with induction motors as dynamic loads. To design the controller, a feedback linearization technique is used. The control law is applied through the excitation system of the synchronous generator. The designed controller can provide a stable operation of the systems over a wide range of operating region. In this paper, the designed controller is tested on a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system with dynamic loads. Simulation results show that the control scheme can improve the stability of the system, regardless of operating points.

Mairiza, D & Zowghi, D 1970, 'An ontological framework to manage the relative conflicts between security and usability requirements', 2010 Third International Workshop on Managing Requirements Knowledge, 2010 Third International Workshop on Managing Requirements Knowledge (MARK), IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1-6.
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Non Functional Requirements (NFRs) are relative, so are the conflicts among them. In our previously developed catalogue of NFRs conflicts it can be observed that a number of specific pairs of NFRs are claimed to be in conflicts in some cases but they are also claimed not to be in conflict in the other cases. These relative conflicts occur because the positive or negative relationships among NFRs are not always clear and obvious. These relationships might change depending on the meaning of NFRs within the system being developed. This paper focuses on the application of ontology in managing the relative conflicts among NFRs, particularly the relative conflicts between security and usability requirements. The aim is to develop a framework to identify, characterize, and define corresponding resolution strategies for the security-usability conflicts. This paper thus describes the sureCM framework to manage these conflicts; summarizes the security-usability conflicts ontology; and demonstrates how the ontology will be used as a basis to assist analysts in managing conflicts between security and usability requirements.

Mairiza, D, Zowghi, D & Nurmuliani, N 1970, 'An investigation into the notion of non-functional requirements', Proceedings of the 2010 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, SAC'10: The 2010 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, ACM, Sierre, Switzerland, pp. 311-318.
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Although Non-Functional Requirements (NFRs) are recognized as very important contributors to the success of software projects, studies to date indicate that there is still no general consensus in the software engineering community regarding the notion of NFRs. This paper presents the result of an extensive and systematic analysis of the extant literature over three NFRs dimensions: (1) definition and terminology; (2) types; and (3) relevant NFRs in various types of systems and application domains. Two different perspectives to consider NFRs are described. A comprehensive catalogue of NFRs types as well as the top five NFRs that are frequently considered are presented. This paper also offers a novel classification of NFRs based on types of systems and application domains. This classification could assist software developers in identifying which NFRs are important in a particular application domain and for specific systems.

Mairiza, D, Zowghi, D & Nurmuliani, N 1970, 'Towards a catalogue of conflicts among non-functional requirements', ENASE 2010 - Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Evaluation of Novel Approaches to Software Engineering, International Conference on Evaluation of Novel Approaches to Software Engineering, SciTePress, Athens, Greece, pp. 20-29.
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Two of the most significant characteristics of non-functional requirements (NFRs) are 'interacting' and 'relative'. Interacting means NFRs tend to interfere, conflict, and contradict with one other while relative means the interpretation of NFRs may vary depending on many factors, such as the context of the system being developed and the extent of stakeholder involvement. For the purpose of understanding the interacting characteristic of NFRs, several potential conflict models have been presented in the literature. These models represent the positive or negative inter-relationships among various types of NFRs. However, none of them deal with the relative characteristic of NFRs. In fact, multiple interpretations of NFRs in the system being developed may lead to positive or negative inter-relationships that are not always obvious. As a result, the existing potential conflict models remain in disagreement with one other. This paper presents the result of an extensive and systematic investigation of the extant literature over the notion of NFRs and conflicts among them. A catalogue of NFRs conflicts with respect to the NFRs relative characteristic is presented. The relativity of conflicts is characterized by three categories: absolute conflict; relative conflict; and never conflict. This catalogue could assist software developers in identifying the conflicts among NFRs, performing further conflict analysis, and identifying the potential strategies to resolve those conflicts.

Marjanovic, O 1970, 'A case study of BPM and KM integration: From process automation to knowledge intensive business processes', Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Technology Interfaces, ITI, pp. 237-242.
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In very recent times, the pressing need to compete on the basis of knowledge rather than process automation, has expanded the field of Business Process Management (BPM) to include knowledge intensive business processes. This paper focuses on the problem of BPM and Knowledge Management (KM) integration in the context of customer-facing business processes. It introduces a theoretical framework that has been used to guide a case study of BPM/KM integration in a large organisation. The case confirms the importance of process-related knowledge, in particular its relationship to organisation's competitive strategy.

Marjanovic, O 1970, 'Business Value Creation through Business Processes Management and Operational Business Intelligence Integration', 43RD HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS SCIENCES VOLS 1-5 (HICSS 2010), 43rd Hawaii International Conference on Systems Sciences (HICSS 2010), IEEE COMPUTER SOC, Honolulu, HI, pp. 3476-3485.

Marjanovic, O 1970, 'Business Value Creation through Business Processes Management and Operational Business Intelligence Integration.', HICSS, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 1-10.
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Current approaches to Business Process Management (BPM) and operational Business Intelligence (BI) integration have been very limited and simply reduced to the problem of technical integration between BPM and BI systems. This paper argues that further opportunities for business value creation could be discovered through systematic analysis of the non-technical aspects of BI and BPM integration, especially in terms of strategy alignment, human-centered knowledge management and ongoing improvement of BI supported processes. The paper proposes a theoretical framework founded in the related research in BPM, BI and Knowledge Management (KM) fields and describes how it has been used to guide our empirical case study research in service organisations in the context of BI-supported customer-facing processes. © 2010 IEEE.

Marjanovic, O & Bandara, W 1970, 'The Current State of BPM Education in Australia: Teaching and Research Challenges.', Business Process Management Workshops, BPM 2010 Conference, Springer, Stevens Inst Technol, Hoboken, NJ, pp. 775-789.

Marshall, J & Zowghi, D 1970, 'Software and the Social Production of Disorder', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY: SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES, IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society, IEEE, Wollongong, Australia, pp. 284-291.
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Software development is inherently an ordering process. When implemented in a workplace it orders the ways that people go about their work, the work they do, and the ways they interact and communicate with each other. This new mode of ordering may conflict with existing orders, existing distributions of power and knowledge, and arrangements of groups, and between groups. Ordering is almost always the subject of dispute, so software development can easily become enmeshed in the politicking between competing groups with deleterious effects. Removing all these conflicts may not be possible, as they can be an essential part of the ways relevant groups interact. Better communication, for example, may actually increase conflict, and not produce harmony. Rather than thinking of order and disorder as mutually exclusive polarities, it is more effective and realistic to think of them as constituting an âorder/disorder complexâ and to expect disorder to appear alongside the ordering. This paper explores the problems of ordering and disordering through a study of changes in the Australian Customsâ âIntegrated Cargo Systemâ. We suggest that acceptance of some untidied mess, or openness to both dispute and unclarity, may be useful in implementing functional software.

Mathiesen, P, Bandara, W, Marjanovic, O & Delavari, H 1970, 'A critical analysis of the demand for and nature of Business Process Management (BPM) roles in industry: A global analysis', 5th International Conference on Qualitative Research in IT and IT in Qualitative Research, QualIT 2010.
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Business Process Management is accepted globally as an organisational approach that can be used to enhance productivity and drive cost efficiencies. Whilst there are numerous research articles that discuss this management approach, none clearly articulate the preferred BPM capabilities sought across geographic regions. This study aims to address this through a structured content analysis of leading on-line recruitment websites, supported by essential BPM capabilities - identified through leading academic BPM capability frameworks. Whilst the skills of process modelling, documentation and improvement were commonly sought, Enterprise level factors such as strategic alignment and process governance were less frequently mentioned. In addition, there are geographical differences in the BPM skill set requirements with an emphasis on process governance and organisational culture in European countries. This analysis can be used by prospective and current BPM professionals to understand organisational requirements globally, and academics to structure BPM education to suit these differing geographic demands.

McGregor, C 1970, 'Stream computing and its application to critical care', 2010 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS), 2010 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS), IEEE.
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Mearns, H, Leaney, J & Verchere, D 1970, 'Critique of Network Management Systems and Their Practicality', 2010 Seventh IEEE International Conference and Workshops on Engineering of Autonomic and Autonomous Systems, 2010 7th IEEE International Conference and Workshops on Engineering of Autonomic and Autonomous Systems (EASe), IEEE, Oxford, UK, pp. 51-59.
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Networks have become an integral part of the computing landscape, forming a global interconnection of a staggering number of heterogeneous systems and services. Current research focuses on policy based management and autonomous systems and involves the utilisation of very different languages and technologies in concert. This paper examines four current proposals for autonomous network management and analyses them using architectural modelling, against a measure of practicality, as expressed by scalability, reliability and maintainability. © 2010 IEEE.

Mearns, H, Leaney, J & Verchere, D 1970, 'The Architectural Evolution of Telecommunications Network Management Systems', 2010 17th IEEE International Conference and Workshops on Engineering of Computer Based Systems, 2010 17th IEEE International Conference and Workshops on Engineering of Computer Based Systems, IEEE, Oxford, England, pp. 281-285.
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Telecommunications Network Management Systems ( TNMSs) have had to respond to enormous change, as telecommunication networks have changed from the early (digital) timeframe of being ISDN based, (devoted dominantly to voice), to the current timeframe, providing diverse services of data, voice, video, along with a very different business environment. The goal of this paper is to understand the probable impact of changes required, in order to then understand how current TNMSs are able to respond to the changes, and thus evolve. To evaluate the nature, complexity and risks of changes to TNMSs, we have used an evolutionary taxonomy and methodology which classifies change according to complexity. The data for the evaluation is based on the changes to the architecture of networks and TNMSs over the past 20 years. We have identified the major dimensions of change, and evaluated how TNMSs have responded to those changes. © 2010 IEEE.

Meerbeek, B, Bingley, P, Rijnen, W & van den Hoven, E 1970, 'Pipet', Proceedings of the 6th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Extending Boundaries, NordiCHI '10: 6th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, ACM, Reykjavik, Iceland, pp. 335-342.
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To support reminiscing in the home, people collect an increasing amount of digital media on numerous devices. When sharing their media with other people, distribution of the media over different devices can be problematic. In this paper, we address this problem by designing an innovative interaction concept for cross-device interaction to support groups in sharing photos using multiple devices. We designed and implemented the Pipet concept. Results of a comparative study show that Pipet resulted in a pragmatic and hedonic user experience. © 2010 ACM.

Meng, H-D, Ma, J-H & Xu, G-D 1970, 'Experimental Research on Impacts of Dimensionality on Clustering Algorithms', 2010 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Software Engineering, 2010 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Software Engineering (CiSE), IEEE.
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Experiments are carried out on datasets with different dimensions selected from UCI datasets by using two classical clustering algorithms. The results of the experiments indicate that when the dimensionality of the real dataset is less than or equal to 30, the clustering algorithms based on distance are effective. For high-dimensional datasets - dimensionality is greater than 30, the clustering algorithms are of weaknesses, even if we use dimension reduction methods, such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA). ©2010 IEEE.

Meng, Y, Wang, Z, Xu, X & Wang, X 1970, 'A Generalized Service Resource Management Framework', 2010 International Conference on Service Sciences, 2010 International Conference on Service Sciences, IEEE, pp. 329-334.
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This paper presents a service resource management system. It is oriented to both single and integrated service resources and manages every stage of service resource lifecycle efficiently which includes registering, publication, usage, destruction processes. To satisfy different specific service area, the developer only needs to configure the template provided by the service resource management system, which will greatly shorten the development cycle and increase the development efficiency. The paper is organized as follows: firstly, the paper presents the concept of the service resources, and introduces how to classify and depict them. Secondly, using UML use case analyzes the requirement of the service resource management. Thirdly, the service resource management system design is put forward. At the end, it introduces how to apply the system to a specific service area briefly. © 2010 IEEE.

Merigo, JM 1970, 'A METHOD FOR DECISION MAKING BASED ON PROBABILISTIC INFORMATION AND DISTANCE MEASURES', EDULEARN10: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EDUCATION AND NEW LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES, 2nd International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies (EDULEARN), IATED-INT ASSOC TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION & DEVELOPMENT, Barcelona, SPAIN.

Merigo, JM 1970, 'A METHOD FOR LINGUISTIC DECISION MAKING IN EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT', EDULEARN10: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EDUCATION AND NEW LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES, 2nd International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies (EDULEARN), IATED-INT ASSOC TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION & DEVELOPMENT, Barcelona, SPAIN.

Merigo, JM 1970, 'Fuzzy generalized aggregation operators in a unified model between the probability, the weighted average and the OWA operator', International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, 2010 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE), IEEE, Barcelona, SPAIN.
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Merigó, JM 1970, 'A generalized model between the OWA operator, the weighted average and the probability', Proceedings of the 2010 Spring Simulation Multiconference, SpringSim '10: 2010 Spring Simulation Conference, Society for Computer Simulation International.
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We introduce a new model that unifies the probability, the weighted average and the OWA operator in a general framework based on the use of generalized means. We present the generalized probabilistic ordered weighted averaging weighted averaging (GPOWAWA) operator. The main advantage of this model is that it unifies these three concepts considering the degree of importance that each one has in the aggregation. We study some of its main properties and particular cases such as the POWAWA, the quadratic POWAWA, the generalized probabilistic weighted average, the generalized OWAWA and generalized probabilistic OWA operator. We end the paper presenting a further generalization by using quasi-arithmetic means obtaining the Quasi-POWAWA operator. © 2010 SCS.

MERIGÓ, JM 1970, 'INDUCED GENERALIZED PROBABILISTIC OWAWA OPERATOR', Computational Intelligence in Business and Economics, Proceedings of the MS'10 International Conference, WORLD SCIENTIFIC, Barcelona, SPAIN, pp. 73-82.
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Merigó, JM 1970, 'Using the probabilistic weighted average in decision making with distance measures', WCE 2010 - World Congress on Engineering 2010, World Congress on Engineering (WCE 2010), INT ASSOC ENGINEERS-IAENG, Imperial Coll London, London, UNITED KINGDOM, pp. 1-4.
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We develop a new decision making method based on distance measures that uses the probabilistic weighted averaging (PWA) operator. The PWA operator is an aggregation operator that unifies the weighted average and the probability in the same formulation and considering the degree of importance that each concept has in the aggregation. We introduce the probabilistic weighted averaging distance (PWAD) operator. It is a new aggregation operator that uses probabilities, weighted averages and distance measures. We study some of its main properties and particular cases such as the arithmetic weighted Hamming distance and the arithmetic probabilistic Hamming distance. We also develop an application in a decision making problem concerning the selection of investment strategies.

Merigo, JM & Casanovas, M 1970, 'A NEW DECISION MAKING METHOD BASED ON DISTANCE MEASURES AND ITS APPLICATION IN EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT', 4TH INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY, EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT CONFERENCE (INTED 2010), 4th International Technology, Education and Development Conference (INTED), IATED-INT ASSOC TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION & DEVELOPMENT, Valencia, SPAIN, pp. 987-998.

Merigo, JM & Casanovas, M 1970, 'DEALING WITH UNCERTAIN INFORMATION IN THE INDUCED PROBABILISTIC OWA OPERATOR', INTELLIGENT DECISION MAKING SYSTEMS, VOL. 2, 4th International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Knowledge Engineering (ISKE 2009), WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD, BELGIUM, Hasselt Univ, Hasselt, pp. 607-612.

Merigo, JM & Casanovas, M 1970, 'FUZZY AGGREGATION OPERATORS AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE SELECTION OF PROFESSORS', 4TH INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY, EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT CONFERENCE (INTED 2010), 4th International Technology, Education and Development Conference (INTED), IATED-INT ASSOC TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION & DEVELOPMENT, Valencia, SPAIN, pp. 975-986.

MERIGÓ, JM & CASANOVAS, M 1970, 'DECISION MAKING WITH THE GENERALIZED PROBABILISTIC WEIGHTED AVERAGING DISTANCE OPERATOR', Computational Intelligence in Business and Economics, Proceedings of the MS'10 International Conference, WORLD SCIENTIFIC, Barcelona, SPAIN, pp. 541-548.
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Merigó, JM & Casanovas, M 1970, 'The induced probabilistic OWA distance and its application in decision making', Proceedings of the 2010 Spring Simulation Multiconference, SpringSim '10: 2010 Spring Simulation Conference, Society for Computer Simulation International.
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We present the induced probabilistic ordered weighted averaging distance (IPOWAD) operator. It is a new distance measure that uses probabilistic information and induced aggregation operators. Thus, this model is able to assess problems where we have some kind of objective information and the attitudinal character of the decision-maker is very complex and can be assessed with order-inducing variables that represent this attitude. We study some of it main properties and a wide range of particular cases including the arithmetic probabilistic distance, the arithmetic induced OWAD, the probabilistic distance, the normalized probabilistic distance, the probabilistic OWAD and many others. We also develop an application of the IPOWAD in a decision-making model regarding investment selection. © 2010 SCS.

Merigó, JM & Casanovas, M 1970, 'The induced probabilistic OWA distance and its application in decision making', Proceedings of the 2010 Spring Simulation Multiconference - Emerging M and S Applications in Industry and Academia Symposium, EAIA, pp. 180-185.
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We present the induced probabilistic ordered weighted averaging distance (IPOWAD) operator. It is a new distance measure that uses probabilistic information and induced aggregation operators. Thus, this model is able to assess problems where we have some kind of objective information and the attitudinal character of the decisionmaker is very complex and can be assessed with orderinducing variables that represent this attitude. We study some of it main properties and a wide range of particular cases including the arithmetic probabilistic distance, the arithmetic induced OWAD, the probabilistic distance, the normalized probabilistic distance, the probabilistic OWAD and many others. We also develop an application of the IPOWAD in a decision-making model regarding investment selection. © 2010 Simulation Councils, Inc.

Merigo, JM & Engemann, KJ 1970, 'Probabilistic aggregation operators with the induced generalized OWA operator', International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, 2010 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE), IEEE, Barcelona, SPAIN.
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Merigó, JM & Engemann, KJ 1970, 'A unified model between the OWA operator and the weighted average in decision making with Dempster-Shafer theory', WCE 2010 - World Congress on Engineering 2010, World Congress on Engineering (WCE 2010), INT ASSOC ENGINEERS-IAENG, Imperial Coll London, London, UNITED KINGDOM, pp. 83-87.
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We present a new decision making model by using the Dempster-Shafer belief structure that uses probabilities, weighted averages and the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator. Thus, we are able to represent the decision making problem considering objective and subjective information and the attitudinal character of the decision maker. For doing so, we use the ordered weighted averaging - weighted average (OWAWA) operator. It is an aggregation operator that unifies the weighted average and the OWA in the same formulation. As a result, we form the belief structure - OWAWA (BS-OWAWA) aggregation. We study some of its main properties and particular cases. We also present an application of the new approach in a decision making problem concerning political management.

MERIGÓ, JM & ENGEMANN, KJ 1970, 'FUZZY DECISION MAKING WITH PROBABILITIES AND INDUCED AGGREGATION OPERATORS', Computational Intelligence in Business and Economics, Proceedings of the MS'10 International Conference, WORLD SCIENTIFIC, Barcelona, SPAIN, pp. 323-332.
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MERIGÓ, JM & GIL-LAFUENTE, AM 1970, 'DECISION MAKING TECHNIQUES IN A UNIFIED MODEL BETWEEN THE WEIGHTED AVERAGE AND THE OWA OPERATOR', Computational Intelligence in Business and Economics, Proceedings of the MS'10 International Conference, WORLD SCIENTIFIC, Barcelona, SPAIN, pp. 181-188.
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MERIGÓ, JM & GIL-LAFUENTE, AM 1970, 'THE INDUCED GENERALIZED OWAWA DISTANCE OPERATOR', Computational Intelligence in Business and Economics, Proceedings of the MS'10 International Conference, WORLD SCIENTIFIC, Barcelona, SPAIN, pp. 11-18.
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Miro, JV & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Automatic fine motor control behaviours for autonomous mobile agents operating on uneven terrains', Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Practical Cognitive Agents and Robots, PCAR '10: 2010 International Symposium on Practical Cognitive Agents and Robots, ACM, Toronto, Canada, pp. 33-40.
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A novel mechanism able to produce increasingly stable paths for mobile robotic agents travelling over uneven terrain is proposed in this paper. In doing so, cognitive agents can focus on higher-level goal planning, with the increased confidence the resulting tasks will be automatically accomplished via safe and reliable paths within the lower-level skills of the platform. The strategy proposes the extension of the Fast Marching level-set method of propagating interfaces in 3D lattices with a metric to reduce robot body instability. This is particularly relevant for kinematically reconfigurable platforms which significantly modify their mass distribution through posture adaptation, such as humanoids or mobile robots equipped with manipulator arms or varying traction arrangements. Simulation results of an existing reconfigurable mobile rescue robot operating on real scenarios illustrate the validity of the proposed strategy. Copyright 2010 ACM.

Miro, JV, Dumonteil, G, Beck, C, Dissanayake, G & IEEE 1970, 'A Kyno-dynamic Metric to Plan Stable Paths Over Uneven Terrain', IEEE/RSJ 2010 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS (IROS 2010), IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 294-299.
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A generic methodology to plan increasingly stable paths for mobile platforms travelling over uneven terrain is proposed in this paper. This is accomplished by extending the Fast Marching level-set method of propagating interfaces in 3D lattices with an analytical kyno-dynamic metric which embodies robot stability in the given terrain. This is particularly relevant for reconfigurable platforms which significantly modify their mass distribution through posture adaptation, such as robots equipped with manipulator arms or varying traction arrangements. Results obtained from applying the proposed strategy in a mobile rescue robot operating on simulated and real terrain data illustrate the validity of the proposed strategy. ©2010 IEEE.

Moemeng, C, Zhu, X & Cao, L 1970, 'Integrating Workflow into Agent-Based Distributed Data Mining Systems', Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 4-15.
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Agent-based workflow has been proven its potential in overcoming issues in traditional workflow-based systems, such as decentralization, organizational issues, etc. The existing data mining tools provide workflow metaphor for data mining process visualization, audition and monitoring; these are particularly useful for distributed environments. In agent-based distributed data mining (ADDM), agents are an integral part of the system and can seamlessly incorporate with workflows. We describe a mechanism to use workflow in descriptive and executable styles to incorporate between workflow generators and executors. This paper shows that agent-based workflows can improve ADDM interoperability and flexibility, and also demonstrates the concepts and implementation with a supporting the argument, a multi-agent architecture and an agent-based workflow model are demonstrated.

Moemeng, C, Zhu, X, Cao, L & Jiahang, C 1970, 'i-Analyst: An Agent-Based Distributed Data Mining Platform', 2010 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining Workshops, 2010 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining Workshops (ICDMW), IEEE, Sydney, NSW, pp. 1404-1406.
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User-friendliness and performance are important properties of data mining and analysis tools. In this demo, we introduced an agent-based distributed data mining platform that allows users to manage and share the data-mining-related resources conveniently. Furthermore, the platform employs agents for workflow enactment in which the performance is improved with agent abilities. We also present an example to illustrate how the platform works in distributed environment. The performance is relatively competitive with non-agent approach when data is highly distributed and large.

Moghaddam, Z & Piccardi, M 1970, 'Histogram-Based Training Initialisation of Hidden Markov Models for Human Action Recognition', 2010 7th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance, 2010 7th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance (AVSS), IEEE, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, pp. 256-261.
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Human action recognition is often addressed by use of latent-state models such as the hidden Markov model and similar graphical models. As such models require Expectation-Maximisation training, arbitrary choices must be made for training initialisation, with major impact on the final recognition accuracy. In this paper, we propose a histogram-based deterministic initialisation and compare it with both random and a time-based deterministic initialisations. Experiments on a human action dataset show that the accuracy of the proposed method proved higher than that of the other tested methods.

Moghaddam, Z & Piccardi, M 1970, 'Human action recognition with MPEG-7 descriptors and architectures', Proceedings of the first ACM international workshop on Analysis and retrieval of tracked events and motion in imagery streams, MM '10: ACM Multimedia Conference, ACM, Florence, Italy, pp. 63-68.
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Modern video surveillance requires addressing high-level concepts such as humans' actions and activities. In addition, surveillance applications need to be portable over a variety of platforms, from servers to mobile devices. In this paper, we explore the potential of the MPEG-7 standard to provide interfaces, descriptors, and architectures for human action recognition from surveillance cameras. Two novel MPEG-7 descriptors, symbolic and feature-based, are presented alongside two different architectures, server-intensive and client-intensive. The descriptors and architectures are evaluated in the paper by way of a scenario analysis.

Mu, Y, Xu, M & Yan, S 1970, 'Learning From Very-Few Labeled Examples with Soft Labels', 2010 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP 2010 - Proceedings, IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, IEEE Computer Society, Hongkong, pp. 3869-3872.
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In this paper we propose Softboost, a novel Boosting al-gorithm which combines the merits of transductive and inductive learning approaches to attack the problem of learning from very few labeled training examples. In the transductive stage, soft labels of both the labeled and unlabeled samples are estimated based on a Markovian propagating procedure. While in the subsequent inductive stage, to efficiently handle out-of-sample data, we learn a weighted combination of simple rules in Boosting style, each of which maximizes confidence-weighted inter-class Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence under current data distribution. Finally, experiments on toy dataset and USPS handwritten digits are presented to demonstrate its effectiveness.

Mudugamuwa, DJ, Jia, W & He, X 1970, 'Asymmetric, Non-unimodal Kernel Regression for Image Processing', 2010 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications, 2010 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications (DICTA), IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 141-145.
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Kernel regression has been previously proposed as a robust estimator for a wide range of image processing tasks, including image denoising, interpolation and super-resolution. In this article we propose a kernel formulation that relaxes the usual symmetric and unimodal properties to effectively exploit the smoothness characteristics of natural images. The proposed method extends the kernel support along similar image characteristics to further increase the robustness of the estimates. Application of the proposed method to image denoising yields significant improvement over the previously reported regression methods and produces results comparable to the state-of-the-art denoising techniques. © 2010 IEEE.

Nadimi, V, Azadeh, A, Pazhoheshfar, P & Saberi, M 1970, 'An Adaptive-Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System for Long-Term Electric Consumption Forecasting (2008-2015): A Case Study of the Group of Seven (G7) Industrialized Nations: U.S.A., Canada, Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, France and Italy', 2010 Fourth UKSim European Symposium on Computer Modeling and Simulation, 2010 European Modelling Symposium (EMS), IEEE, pp. 301-305.
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This paper presents an adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for long-term natural Electric consumption prediction. Six models are proposed to forecast annual Electric demand. 104 ANFIS have been constructed and tested in order to finding best ANFIS for Electric consumption. The proposed models consist of input variables such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Population (POP). All of trained ANFIS are compared with respect to mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). To meet the best performance of the intelligent based approaches, data are preprocessed (scaled) and finally outputs are post-processed (returned to its original scale). To show the applicability and superiority of the ANFIS, actual electric consumption are considered in industrialized nations including U.S.A, Canada, Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, France and Italy from 1980 to 2007. With aid of autoregressive model, GDP and population project by 2015 and then with yield value and best ANFIS model, Electric consumption predict by 2015. © 2010 IEEE.

Nadimi, V, Azadeh, A, Rouzbahman, M, Saberi, M & Shabibi, SA 1970, 'An Adaptive Network Based Fuzzy Inference System algorithm for assessment and improvement of job security among operators with respect to HSE-Ergonomics program', 2010 IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence for Measurement Systems and Applications, 2010 IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence for Measurement Systems and Applications (CIMSA), IEEE, pp. 7-12.
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Researchers have been continuously trying to improve human performance with respect to Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) and ergonomics (hence HSEE). Performance measurement and assessment of operators are fundamental to management planning and control activities, and accordingly, have received considerable attention by both management practitioners and theorists. There has been several efficiency frontier analysis methods reported in the literature. However, each of these methodologies has its strength as well as major limitations. This study proposes a non-parametric efficiency frontier analysis methods based on Adaptive Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) for measuring efficiency as a complementary tool for performance assessment and improvement of operators. The proposed ANFIS algorithm is able to find a stochastic frontier based on a set of input-output observational data and do not require explicit assumptions about the functional structure of the stochastic frontier. Furthermore, it uses a similar approach to econometric methods for calculating the efficiency scores. The proposed approach is applied to a set of operators in a petrochemical unit to show its applicability and superiority. In fact, this study proposes an adaptive intelligence algorithm for measuring and improving job security among operators with respect to HSE-Ergonomics in a petrochemical unit. To achieve the objectives of this study, standard questionnaires with respect to HSE-Ergonomics are completed by operators. The average results for each category of HSE-Ergonomics are used as inputs and work job security is used as output for the algorithm. Moreover, this algorithm is used to rank operators performance with respect to HSE-Ergonomics. Finally, normal probability technique is used to identify outlier operators. This is the first study that introduces an integrated intelligence algorithm for assessment and improvement of human performance with respect to HSE-Ergonomics progr...

Neshat, M 1970, 'A Hybrid Method in Informed Search: Fuzzy Simplified Memory-Bounded A* Approach', 2010 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks, 2010 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks (CICN 2010), IEEE.
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Neshat, M & Rezaei, M 1970, 'AIPSO: Adaptive Informed Particle Swarm Optimization', 2010 5th IEEE International Conference Intelligent Systems, 2010 5th IEEE International Conference Intelligent Systems (IS), IEEE.
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Neshat, M & Zadeh, AE 1970, 'Hopfield neural network and fuzzy Hopfield neural network for diagnosis of liver disorders', 2010 5th IEEE International Conference Intelligent Systems, 2010 5th IEEE International Conference Intelligent Systems (IS), IEEE.
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Neville, K, Burton, P & Burnett, I 1970, 'A Second Life virtual studio as an online teaching environment', ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings.
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In this paper the development of a virtual learning environment in Second Life is detailed. The learning environment described is in the form of a virtual television studio for use in multimedia engineering courses, with an example implementation described for RMIT University's offshore campus. This paper details the problems associated with offshore learning and lists the requirements needed for creating an effective virtual learning environment for these offshore students. This paper also discusses the steps taken to create this virtual environment in the virtual world Second Life and the problems that have been faced due to hardware and software limitations in this particular virtual world. Finally, the steps to be taken to evaluate the effectiveness of this type of learning environment will be outlined. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2010.

Nguyen, HH, Pham, TT & Tuan, HD 1970, 'Non-Orthogonal Amplify-And-Forward Relaying with Partial Channel State Information', 2010 IEEE Wireless Communication and Networking Conference, Networking Conference (WCNC), IEEE, Sydney, AUSTRALIA.
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Nguyen, HT & Jones, TW 1970, 'Detection of nocturnal hypoglycemic episodes using EEG signals', 2010 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology, 2010 32nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC 2010), IEEE, Buenos Aires, Argentina, pp. 4930-4933.
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Hypoglycemia (low blood glucose) or the fear of hypoglycemia constitutes a significant barrier to the achievement of good glycemic control in the insulin treated diabetic patients. By measuring physiological responses derived from EEG and analyzing these, we establish that hypoglycemia can be detected non-invasively. From a clinical study of six children with type 1 diabetes (T1D), associated with hypoglycemic episodes at night, their centroid (centre of gravity) alpha frequency reduced significantly (P<;;0.001) and their centroid theta frequency increased significantly (P<;;0.02). The overall data were organized into a training set (3 patients) and a test set (another 3 patients) randomly selected. Using the optimal Bayesian neural network which was derived from the training set with the highest log evidence, the estimated blood glucose profiles produced a significant correlation (P<;;0.005) against measured values in the test set.

Nguyen, JS, Su, SW, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'Spherical Vision Cameras in a Semi-autonomous Wheelchair System', 2010 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC), IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual Conference, The Printing House, Inc., Buenos Aires, Argentina, pp. 4064-4067.
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This paper is concerned with the methods developed for extending the capabilities of a spherical vision camera system to allow detection of surrounding objects and whether or not they pose a danger for movement in that direction during autonomous navigation of a power wheelchair. A Point Grey Research (PGR) Ladybug2 spherical vision camera system was attached to the power wheelchair for surrounding vision. The objective is to use this Ladybug2 system to provide information about obstacles all around the wheelchair and aid the automated decision-making process involved during navigation. Through instantaneous neural network classification of individual camera images to determine whether obstacles are present, detection of obstacles have been successfully achieved with accuracies reaching 96%. This assistive technology has the purpose of automated obstacle detection, navigational path planning and decision-making, and collision avoidance during navigation.

Nguyen, TTS, Lu, HY & Lu, J 1970, 'Ontology-style Web usage model for semantic Web applications', 2010 10th International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications, 2010 10th International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications (ISDA), IEEE, Egypt, pp. 784-789.
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Current semantic recommender systems aim to exploit the website ontologies to produce valuable web recommendations. However, Web usage knowledge for recommendation is presented separately and differently from the domain ontology, this leads to the complexity of using inconsistent knowledge resources. This paper aims to solve this problem by proposing a novel ontology-style model of Web usage to represent the non-taxonomic visiting relationship among the visited pages. The output of this model is an ontology-style document which enables the discovered web usage knowledge to be sharable and machine-understandable in semantic Web applications, such as recommender systems. A case study is presented to show how this model is used in conjunction of the web usage mining and web recommendation. Two real-world datasets are used in the case study.

Nguyen, TV, Rahman, A, Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, HH, Chang, JS & Chang, CY 1970, 'The uptake of arsenite by coprecipitation and adsorption on iron oxide coated sponge', Arsenic in Geosphere and Human Diseases, As 2010 - 3rd International Congress: Arsenic in the Environment, 3rd International Congress on Arsenic in the Environment, CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP, Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Tainan, TAIWAN, pp. 450-452.

Nguyen, V & Blumenstein, M 1970, 'Techniques for static handwriting trajectory recovery', Proceedings of the 9th IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems, DAS '10: The Eighth IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems, ACM, pp. 463-470.
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On-line handwriting recognition systems are usually better than their off-line counterparts thanks to the accessibility of dynamic information such as stroke order, velocity, acceleration, and pressure. Whilst the exact value of velocity as well as acceleration or pressure is unlikely to be recoverable, the temporal order of the strokes or the pen trajectory is shown to be more promising for recovery. The published experimental results suggest that the recovered pen trajectory information actually improves the off-line recognition accuracy. This paper presents an overview and discussion of pen trajectory recovery methods developed to date. Copyright 2010 ACM.

Nguyen, V, Kawazoe, Y, Wakabayashi, T, Pal, U & Blumenstein, M 1970, 'Performance Analysis of the Gradient Feature and the Modified Direction Feature for Off-line Signature Verification', 2010 12th International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, 2010 International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (ICFHR), IEEE, pp. 303-307.
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Feature extraction is an important process in offline signature verification. In this work, the performance of two feature extraction techniques, the Modified Direction Feature (MDF) and the gradient feature are compared on the basis of similar experimental settings. In addition, the performance of Support Vector Machines (SVMs) and the squared Mahalanobis distance classifier employing the Gradient Feature are also compared and reported. Without using forgeries for training, experimental results indicated that an average error rate as low as 15.03% could be obtained using the gradient feature and SVMs. © 2010 IEEE.

Ni, W, Chen, Z, Suzuki, H & Collings, IB 1970, 'Performance Analysis of Scheduling in Decode-and-Forward Broadcast Channel with Limited-Feedback', 2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference GLOBECOM 2010, GLOBECOM 2010 - 2010 IEEE Global Communications Conference, IEEE, Miami, FL.
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Nikodem, J, Klempous, R, Nikodem, M, Woda, M & Chaczko, Z 1970, 'Wireless sensors network simulator for modeling relation based communication activity', 2010 Fifth International Conference on Broadband and Biomedical Communications, 2010 Fifth International Conference on Broadband and Biomedical Communications (IB2Com), IEEE, Malaga, Spain, pp. 1-6.
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The paper presents a simulator that models routing paths and energy distribution in a WSN as a function of the algorithm executed by each node of the network. Simulator was prepared to investigate whether globally defined goals can be achieved through the decisions and actions taken locally by each node that has restricted information about the whole network. Therefore, simulator models each node independently defining three basic relations for each of them - subordination, tolerance and restriction. We have implemented several novel, non-clustered routing protocols that describe behavior of each node of the network - so that we are able to verify how decisions taken locally affect the whole network.

Nikolic, N, Weily, AR, James, GL, Greene, K, Barker, S & Guo, YJ 1970, 'Reduction of the grating lobes in Luneburg lens arrays', 2010 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2010 IEEE International Symposium Antennas and Propagation and CNC-USNC/URSI Radio Science Meeting, IEEE.
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Mobile satellite communication systems suitable for installation on moving vehicles are increasingly in demand [1]-[3] . One of the main requirements for such systems is low-profile in order to prevent intolerable drag and air-stream turbulence. A low profile Ku-band antenna system based on a four-element Luneburg lens array (LLA) was presented in [3] where the reduction in height is achieved by using a ground plane and by increasing the number of elements at the expense of increased diameter of the array. However, using an array of elements has an inherent problem of grating lobes [4] . This problem is particularly difficult in an array of lenses since the minimum array spacing is limited by the lens size and generally it is of the order of several wavelengths. High grating lobes in the radiation pattern limit the usefulness of the lens array and their reduction is critical. So far, the results for the expected grating lobes in an array of Luneburg lenses have not been reported in the literature. Our aim is to study the grating lobes in a LLA as a function of the number of lenses in the array and also as a function of the spacing between the lenses. We present simulated results for the radiation patterns of two arrays using three and four Luneburg lenses, respectively, and show how removing part of the outer shells of the Luneburg lens and decreasing the element spacing can reduce the grating lobe level. © 2010 IEEE.

Nimbalkar, SS & Choudhury, D 1970, 'Effect of Amplification on Seismic Stability of Tailings Dam', Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, GeoShanghai International Conference 2010, American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 340-345.
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The stability of tailings dams in earthquakes prone areas has become a matter of increasing concern as seismic knowledge has advanced. For the seismic slope stability assessment of tailings dam, majority of current design methodologies rely on the use of pseudo-static approach. However, the crude estimate of finding approximate seismic accelerations makes the pseudo-static approach too conservative to adopt in the stability assessment. In this paper, horizontal slice method is used which considers the seismic inertia forces acting on the sliding wedge of the tailings dam by incorporating the effects of time, phase difference and amplification in shear and primary waves along with the horizontal and vertical seismic accelerations and other soil properties. Results are provided in the graphical form for the stability analysis of tailings dam. © 2010 ASCE.

Ningning Guo, Shuhong Wang, Jie Qiu, Jian Guo Zhu & Youguang Guo 1970, 'Optimization with sequential GA and dynamic force analysis of capacitor-driven inductive coilgun', Digests of the 2010 14th Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation, 2010 14th Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation (CEFC 2010), IEEE.
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This paper presents an improved method based on Current Hoop Model for the analysis and design of capacitor-driven induction coilgun. For the optimal design, the sequential Genetic Algorithm (GA) method and traditional GA are used. The resultant specifications and characteristics of a six-stage coilgun are obtained by these methods. The comparisons of two optimization methods on the results, characteristics and elapse time are presented. However, the force acting upon the coils and projectile may cause distortion or even destruction. The force distributions of exciting coils and projectile are given to validate the feasibility of the optimized results. © 2010 IEEE.

Nizami, S, Green, JR, Eklund, JM & McGregor, C 1970, 'Heart disease classification through HRV analysis using Parallel Cascade Identification and Fast Orthogonal Search', 2010 IEEE International Workshop on Medical Measurements and Applications, 2010 IEEE International Workshop on Medical Measurements and Applications (MeMeA), IEEE, pp. 134-139.
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Heart rate variability (HRV) is an established indicator of cardiac health. Recent developments have shown the potential of nonlinear metrics for pattern classification of various heart conditions. Evidence indicates that the combination of multiple linear and nonlinear features leads to increased classification accuracy. In our paper, we demonstrate HRV classification using two dynamic nonlinear techniques called Parallel Cascade Identification (PCI) and Fast Orthogonal Search (FOS). We investigate the use of these two techniques for feature extraction from publicly available Physionet electrocardiogram (ECG) data to differentiate between normal sinus rhythm of the heart and 3 undesired conditions: arrhythmia, supraventricular arrhythmia, and congestive heart failure. Results compare well with previous studies which have used more features over the same dataset. We hypothesize that combining PCI and FOS features with traditional HRV features will show further improvement in classification accuracy and so can assist in real-time patient monitoring. ©2010 IEEE.

Nuryani, Ling, S & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Electrocardiographic T-wave peak-to-end interval for hypoglycaemia detection', 2010 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC'10, pp. 618-621.
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Electrocardiographic T wave peak-to-end interval (TpTe) is one parameter of T wave morphology, which contains indicators for hypoglycaemia. This paper shows the corrected TpTe (TpTec) interval as one of the inputs contributing to detect hypoglycaemia. Support vector machine (SVM) and fuzzy support vector machine (FSVM) utilizing radial basis function (RBF) are used as the classification methods in this paper. By comparing with the classification systems using inputs of corrected QT interval (QTc) and heart rate only, the results indicate that the inclusion of TpTec in combination with QTc and heart rate performs better in the detection of hypoglycaemia in terms of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. © 2010 IEEE.

Nuryani, Ling, S, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'Electrocardiographic T-wave Peak-to-end Interval for Hypoglycaemia Detection', 2010 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC), IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual Conference, The Printing House, Inc., Buenos Aires, Argentina, pp. 618-621.
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Electrocardiographic T wave peak-to-end interval (TpTe) is one parameter of T wave morphology, which contains indicators for hypoglycaemia. This paper shows the corrected TpTe (TpTe(c)) interval as one of the inputs contributing to detect hypoglycaemia. Support vector machine (SVM) and fuzzy support vector machine (FSVM) utilizing radial basis function (RBF) are used as the classification methods in this paper. By comparing with the classification systems using inputs of corrected QT interval (QT(c)) and heart rate only, the results indicate that the inclusion of TpTec in combination with QTc and heart rate performs better in the detection of hypoglycaemia in terms of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy.

Odeh, N, Abolhasan, M, Safaei, F & IEEE 1970, 'Low Complexity Interference Aware Distributed Resource Allocation for Multi-cell OFDMA Cooperative Relay Networks', 2010 IEEE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING CONFERENCE (WCNC 2010), Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, IEEEXplore, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1-6.
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In this paper we focus on the subcarrier allocation for the uplink OFDMA based cooperative relay networks. Multiple cells were considered, each composed of a single base station (destination), multiple amplify and forward (AF) relay stations and multiple subscriber stations (sources). The effects of inter-cell interference (ICI) have been considered to optimize the subcarrier allocation with low complexity. The optimization problem aims to maximize the sum rate of all sources and at the same time maintain the fairness among them. Full channel state information (CSI) is assumed to be available at the base station. In the proposed algorithm the subcarrier allocation is performed in three steps; firstly the subcarriers are allocated to the Relay Stations (RSs) by which the received ICI on each RS is minimized. Then, the pre-allocated subcarriers are allocated to subscribers to achieve their individual rate requirements. Finally the remaining subcarriers are allocated to subscribers with the best channel condition to maximize the total sum of their data rates. The results show that the proposed algorithm significantly reduces the complexity with almost the same achievable rate of the optimal allocation in a single cell case. In case of multi-cell, the proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional algorithm in terms of total network achievable data rate and overall network complexity. ©2010 IEEE.

Otoom, AF, Concha, OP & Piccardi, M 1970, 'Mixtures of Gaussian distributions under linear dimensionality reduction', VISAPP 2010 - Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications, VISAPP, Institute for Systems and Technologies of Information, Control and Communication, Angers, France, pp. 511-518.
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High dimensional spaces pose a serious challenge to the learning process. It is a combination of limited number of samples and high dimensions that positions many problems under the 'curse of dimensionality', which restricts severely the practical application of density estimation. Many techniques have been proposed in the past to discover embedded, locally-linear manifolds of lower dimensionality, including the mixture of Principal Component Analyzers, the mixture of Probabilistic Principal Component Analyzers and the mixture of Factor Analyzers. In this paper, we present a mixture model for reducing dimensionality based on a linear transformation which is not restricted to be orthogonal. Two methods are proposed for the learning of all the transformations and mixture parameters: the first method is based on an iterative maximum-likelihood approach and the second is based on random transformations and fixed (non iterative) probability functions. For experimental validation, we have used the proposed model for maximum-likelihood classification of five 'hard' data sets including data sets from the UCI repository and the authors' own. Moreover, we compared the classification performance of the proposed method with that of other popular classifiers including the mixture of Probabilistic Principal Component Analyzers and the Gaussian mixture model. In all cases but one, the accuracy achieved by the proposed method proved the highest, with increases with respect to the runner-up ranging from 0.2% to 5.2%.

Paisitkriangkrai, S, Mei, T, Zhang, J & Hua, X-S 1970, 'Scalable clip-based near-duplicate video detection with ordinal measure', Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Image and Video Retrieval, CIVR' 10: International Conference on Image and Video Retrieval, ACM, Xi'an, pp. 121-128.
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Detection of duplicate or near-duplicate videos on large-scale database plays an important role in video search. In this paper, we analyze the problem of near-duplicates detection and propose a practical and effective solution for real-time large-scale v

Paisitkriangkrai, S, Shen, C & Zhang, J 1970, 'Face Detection with Effective Feature Extraction', Computer Vision ACCV 2010, Asian Conference on Computer Vision, SpringerLink, Queenstown, New Zealand, pp. 460-470.
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There is an abundant literature on face detection due to its important rolein many vision applications. Since Viola and Jones proposed the first real-timeAdaBoost based face detector, Haar-like features have been adopted as themethod of choice for frontal face detection. In this work, we show that simplefeatures other than Haar-like features can also be applied for training aneffective face detector. Since, single feature is not discriminative enough toseparate faces from difficult non-faces, we further improve the generalizationperformance of our simple features by introducing feature co-occurrences. Wedemonstrate that our proposed features yield a performance improvement comparedto Haar-like features. In addition, our findings indicate that features play acrucial role in the ability of the system to generalize.

Pala, O & Cetindamar, D 1970, 'Technology implementation and group learning', PICMET '10 - Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology, Proceedings - Technology Management for Global Economic Growth, Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET 10), IEEE, Natl Elect & Comp Technol Ctr (NECTEC), Natl Sci & Technol Dev Agcy (NSTDA, Portland, OR, pp. 1463-1472.
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The current study synthesises the literature on group learning and technology implementation and proposes an enhanced multilevel model of technology implementation. The study aims to contribute to the literature in four ways. First the cross-level link between group learning and technology implementation is established. Second another cross-level relationship between organisational climate and group learning is introduced. The third contribution is the introduction of a neglected antecedent of group learning namely the distribution of knowledge within the group. The last contribution is the addition of group level structural variables as the antecedent of the distribution of knowledge within the group. © 2010 IEEE.

Pan, R, Xu, G & Dolog, P 1970, 'User and document group approach of clustering in tagging systems', Proceedings ABIS 2010 - 18th Intl. Workshop on Personalization and Recommendation on the Web and Beyond.
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In this paper, we propose a spectral clustering approach for users and documents group modeling in order to capture the common preference and relatedness of users and documents, and to reduce the time complexity of similarity calculations. In experiments, we investigate the selection of the optimal amount of clusters. We also show a reduction of the time consuming in calculating the similarity for the recommender systems by selecting a centroid first, and then compare the inside item on behalf of each group. keywords: User Profile, Document Profile, Spectral Clustering, Group Profile, Modularity Metric.

Park, M, Jin, JS, Peng, Y, Summons, P, Yu, D, Cui, Y, Luo, S, Wang, F, Santos, L & Xu, M 1970, 'Automatic cell segmentation in microscopic color images using ellipse fitting and watershed', IEEE/ICME International Conference on Complex Medical Engineering, 2010 IEEE/ICME International Conference on Complex Medical Engineering - CME 2010, IEEE, Gold Coast, pp. 69-74.
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This paper presents an efficient and innovative method for the automated counting of cells in a microscopic image. The performance of watershed-based algorithms for the segmentation of clustered cells has been well demonstrated. The strength of our algorithm lies in the fact that it incorporates knowledge of color in the image. Our method uses the watershed transform with iterative shape alignment and is shown to be more accurate in retaining cell shape. We report a sensitivity of 97% and specificity of 96% when all color bands are used. Our methods could be of value to computer-based systems designed to objectively interpret microscopic images, since they provide a means for accurate cell segmentation. © 2010 IEEE.

Parnell, J, Wassermann, J & Samuels, S 1970, 'Relationships between noise indices, road traffic noise and criteria in NSW', 20th International Congress on Acoustics 2010, ICA 2010 - Incorporating Proceedings of the 2010 Annual Conference of the Australian Acoustical Society, pp. 1824-1827.
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A number of 'rules of thumb' exist which allow quick and simple comparison between different noise indices associated with road traffic noise, for example L10 (18h) = Leq(24h) + 3.5 dB (Brown, 1989). Most of these rules of thumb were established many years ago and it is an objective of the present paper to assess if these are still valid in 2010. In addition, an extensive data set has been interrogated to investigate the morning shoulder period between 6am and 7am when there is a significant increase in road traffic noise on many urban roads. The implications of including the morning period as part of an Leq(9h) night or an Leq(16h) day are discussed.

Parsa Pajouh, A, Fatahi, B & Khabbaz, H 1970, 'Uncertainties of Smear Zone Characteristics in the Design of Preloading with Prefabricated Vertical Drains', The 4th International Conference on Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Mechanics (ICSESM 2010), International Conference on Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Mechanics, Iranian Geotechnical Society (IGS), Tehran, Iran, pp. 1-8.
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Installing prefabricated vertical drains using mandrels induces disturbance of the soil surrounding the drain, resulting in a smear zone with the reduced permeability. The required time for pore pressure dissipation in preloading design is strongly associated with the smear zone characteristics. In this study, the effects of smear zone properties on preloading time are numerically investigated. Parametric study is conducted to find out the range of smear zone parameters significantly influencing the consolidation period. It is observed that the characteristics of smear zone namely size and permeability have a substantial impact on the preloading design to achieve certain soil strength and stiffness satisfying both bearing capacity and settlement design criteria.

Parvin, S, Han, S, Gao, L, Hussain, F & Chang, E 1970, 'Towards Trust Establishment for Spectrum Selection in Cognitive Radio Networks', 2010 24th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, 2010 24th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, IEEE, pp. 579-583.
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Cognitive Radio (CR) has been considered as a promising concept for improving the utilization of limited radio spectrum resources for future wireless communications and mobile computing. As cognitive radio network (CRN) is a general wireless heterogeneous network, it is very essential for detecting the misbehaving or false nodes in the network. So in this paper we propose a trust aware model which provides a reliable approach to establish trust for CRN. This approach combines all kinds of trust values together, including the direct trust and indirect trust value for the secondary users. Depending on this trust value, it is decided that whether the secondary user can user the primary user's spectrum band or not. The mathematical results show that our trust model can efficiently take decision for assigning spectrums to the users. © 2010 IEEE.

Parvin, S, Han, S, Tian, B & Hussain, FK 1970, 'Trust-Based Authentication for Secure Communication in Cognitive Radio Networks', 2010 IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing, 2010 IEEE/IFIP 8th International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing (EUC) (Co-Located with CSE 2010), IEEE, pp. 589-596.
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Over the past few years, Cognitive Radio (CR) has been considered as a demanding concept for improving the utilization of limited radio spectrum resources for future wireless communications and mobile computing. Since a member of Cognitive Radio Networks may join or leave the network at any time, the issue of supporting secure communication in CRNs becomes more critical than for the other conventional wireless networks. This work thus proposes a secure trust-based authentication approach for CRNs. A CR node's trust value is determined from its previous trust behavior in the network and depending on this trust value, it is decided whether or not this CR node will obtain access to the Primary User's free spectrum. The security analysis is performed to guarantee that the proposed approach achieves security proof. © 2010 IEEE.

Patel, M, Khushaba, R, Miro, JV & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Probabilistic models versus discriminate classifiers for human activity recognition with an instrumented mobility-assistance aid', Proceedings of the 2010 Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, ACRA 2010, Proceedings of the Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, pp. 1-8.
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Detection of individuals' intentions and actions from a stream of human behaviour is an open and complex problem. There is however an intrinsic need to automatically recognise the activities performed by users of mobility assistive aids to better understand their behavioural patterns, with the ultimate objective of improving the utility of these devices. While discriminative algorithms such as Support Vector Machines (SVM) are well understood, generative probabilistic approaches to machine learning such as Dynamic Bayesian Networks (DBN) have only recently started gaining increasing interest within the robotics community. In this paper, a comprehensive evaluation of these techniques is carried out for human activity recognition in the context of their applicability to assistive robotics. Results show comparable recognition rates, offering valuable insights into the advantageous characteristics of DBN in relation to their dynamic and unsupervised nature for realistic human-robot interaction modelling.

Patel, M, Miro, JV & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Dynamic Bayesian Networks for Learning Interactions between Assistive Robotic Walker and Human Users', KI 2010: ADVANCES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, Annual German Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 333-340.
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Detection of individuals intentions and actions from a stream of human behaviour is an open problem. Yet for robotic agents to be truly perceived as human-friendly entities they need to respond naturally to the physical interactions with the surrounding environment, most notably with the user. This paper proposes a generative probabilistic approach in the form of Dynamic Bayesian Networks (DBN) to seamlessly account for users attitudes. A model is presented which can learn to recognize a subset of possible actions by the user of a gait stability support power rollator walker, such as standing up, sitting down or assistive strolling, and adapt the behaviour of the device accordingly. The communication between the user and the device is implicit, without any explicit intention such as a keypad or voice.The end result is a decision making mechanism that best matches the users cognitive attitude towards a set of assistive tasks, effectively incorporating the evolving activity model of the user in the process. The proposed framework is evaluated in real-life condition. © 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Paul, G, Webb, S, Liu, D & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'A robotic system for steel bridge maintenance: Field testing', Proceedings of the 2010 Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, ACRA 2010, Proceedings of the Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, pp. 1-8.
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This paper presents the field testing results of an autonomous manipulator-based robotic system that strips the paint and rust from steel bridges [Liu et al., 2008]. The key components of this system are sensing and planning, which have been presented in other research papers. The grit-blasting field trial presented in this paper spanned 6 weeks, and included 20 hours over 4.5 days of actual grit-blasting operation. The field testing has verified the algorithms developed for exploration, mapping, surface segmentation, robot motion planning and collision avoidance. It has also proved that the robotic system is able to perform bridge maintenance operations (grit-blasting), reduce human workers' exposure to hazardous and dangerous debris (containing rust, lead-based paint particles), and relieve workers from labour-intensive tasks. The system has been shown to position a grit-blast nozzle so as to remove the paint and rust at the same rate that is expected of a worker with equivalent equipment: small grit-blasting pot and medium-sized hose nozzle. Testing in the field has also highlighted important issues that need to be addressed.

Peng, D, Long, W, Huang, T & Huo, H 1970, 'ESA: An Efficient and Stable Approach to Querying Reverse k-Nearest-Neighbor of Moving Objects', Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 303-311.
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Peng, X, Huang, S & Niu, Z 1970, 'An Study on Personalized Recommendation Model Based on Search Behaviors and Resource Properties', 2010 2nd International Conference on Information Engineering and Computer Science, 2010 2nd International Conference on Information Engineering and Computer Science (ICIECS), IEEE.
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This paper presents an personalized recommendation model to recommend potentially interesting resources to users based on the users' search behaviors and resource properties. This model builds on the user-based collaborative filtering technology and the top-N resource recommending algorithm, which consists of three parts: users' preference description, similar users' calculation and the resource recommending model. Firstly, our model generates users' preference to resources by calculating relevance score between query string and resource, the score of resource owner, the score of resource category and the score of browse sequence. Then it attains similar users by given user through calculated preferences before. Finally, it recommends filtered and sorted resources to users based top-N resource recommendation model. Our recommendation model is proved more accurate than the model purely based on users' search behaviors by the experiments of our paper. ©2010 IEEE.

Peng, Y, Jin, JS, Luo, S & Xu, M 1970, 'Learning priors for super-resolution in video sequence', Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Internet Multimedia Computing and Service, ICIMCS '10: The Second International Conference on Internet Multimedia Computing and Service, ACM, Harbin, China, pp. 163-166.
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Video becomes a crucial information resource in last decades, because of the rapid development of camera as well as the internet explosion. High-quality video sequences are always desired in lots of fields. Since the bottleneck of data storage and interferences of shooting condition, we cannot always obtain high-resolution video. This botheration can be circumvented by super-resolution. Currently, almost super-resolution techniques are in the framework of Maximum a Posterior (MAP). Appropriate parameters of prior distribution are crucial for recovering accurate super-resolution image. We utilise a novel Weighted Cross Validation (WCG) method to learn theses prior parameters. Comparison experiments are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of our approach. Copyright 2010 ACM.

Percival, J, McGregor, C, Percival, N, Kamaleswaran, R & Tuuha, S 1970, 'A framework for nursing documentation enabling integration with HER and real-time patient monitoring', 2010 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS), 2010 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS), IEEE, pp. 468-473.
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This paper proposes a framework for mobile nursing documentation enabling the integration of clinical intervention data with both electronic health record systems and real-time intelligent decision support systems for patient monitoring. A brief discussion on the networking and information security concerns is presented in order to provide context for the mobile application design decisions surround data transmission and storage. The framework is demonstrated using an initial case study in a neonatal intensive care unit. © 2010 IEEE.

PERKINS, AD, CSONKA, PJ & WALDRON, KJ 1970, 'ROBOTIC HOPPING WITH A BIOMIMETIC LEG', Emerging Trends in Mobile Robotics, Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Climbing and Walking Robots and the Support Technologies for Mobile Machines, WORLD SCIENTIFIC, pp. 125-132.
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© 2010 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. There are many legged robots which perform well statically, but none that can execute robust dynamic maneuvers. One limitation of current systems lies in their leg designs, which are not well suited to dynamic maneuvering. A new leg is designed based on consideration of four areas: joint type, foot design, actuation type, and mechanical coupling. This leg has an articulated hip, knee, and ankle, a substantial (non-point) foot, pneumatic actuation at the knee, and mechanical coupling between the knee and ankle joints. This leg is attached to a torso to form a monopod, and produces stable hopping in simulation, which is confirmed in initial experimentation.

PETERS, G, PAGANO, D, LIU, DK & WALDRON, K 1970, 'A PROTOTYPE CLIMBING ROBOT FOR INSPECTION OF COMPLEX FERROUS STRUCTURES', Emerging Trends in Mobile Robotics, Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Climbing and Walking Robots and the Support Technologies for Mobile Machines, WORLD SCIENTIFIC, Nagoya, Japan, pp. 150-156.
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© 2010 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. Currently many hazardous maintenance and inspection tasks, such as paint inspection and corrosion condition monitoring of steel structures, are being performed manually by workers, which causes serious health and safety problems. This paper presents a concept climbing robot, with the aim of exploring highly complex ferrous structures such as steel bridges, for the purpose of inspection duties. To demonstrate this concept, a quadruped prototype is developed. A modular architecture that simplifies the development process and improves reusability has been implemented. Permanent magnet compliant pads on each foot provide a simple method of adhesion on the highly complex and unsmooth surface of a bridge. A simple detachment mechanism has been employed. Experiments have been conducted to prove the concept and test the design of the prototype.

Petzelt, D, Schallow, J & Deuse, J 1970, 'Data integration in Digital Manufacturing based on application Protocols', 2010 3rd International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology, 2010 3rd IEEE International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology (ICCSIT 2010), IEEE, pp. 475-479.
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In order to improve and to shorten product and production development as well as to reach a higher planning and product quality, in industrial companies the use of software tools is state of the art. Particularly in the field of manufacturing process planning known as Digital Manufacturing a wide range of different and specialized software tools is used, e.g. in assembly planning, logistics planning or layout planning. In order to reduce planning effort and to increase planning quality, relevant planning data of the product and production development process must be avallable to any software tool employed. But due to the lack of open and generally accepted data standards a continuous exchange of data between software tools is hardly possible. The paper on hand introduces a methodology for enabling a standardized description of planning data. In this approach, application-specific data models are used to define data relevant for a certain domain of the product and production development process. © 2010 IEEE.

Phan, AH, Tuan, HD & Kha, HH 1970, 'New Optimized Solution Method for Beamforming in Cognitive Multicast Transmission', 2010 IEEE 72nd Vehicular Technology Conference - Fall, 2010 IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2010-Fall), IEEE, Ottawa, Canada, pp. 1-5.
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The optimal beamforming for cognitive multicast transmission is a nonconvex rank-one constrained optimization problem. For a solution, a popular method is the combination of relaxed convex semi-definite programming, where the rank-one constraint is dropp

Phan, AH, Tuan, HD, Kha, HH & Ngo, DT 1970, 'A reverse convex programming for beamforming in cognitive multicast transmission', International Conference on Communications and Electronics 2010, 2010 Third International Conference on Communications and Electronics (ICCE 2010), IEEE, Hanoi Univ Sci & Technol, Nha Trang, VIETNAM, pp. 211-215.
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Phan, AH, Tuan, HD, Kha, HH & Ngo, DT 1970, 'Nonsmooth Optimization for Beamforming in Cognitive Multicast Transmission', 2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference GLOBECOM 2010, GLOBECOM 2010 - 2010 IEEE Global Communications Conference, IEEE, Miami, USA, pp. 1-5.
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It is well-known that the optimal beamforming problems for cognitive multicast transmission are indefinite quadratic (nonconvex) optimization programs. The conventional approach is to reformulate them as convex semi-definite programs (SDPs) with addition

Phan, AH, Tuan, HD, Kha, HH & Nguyen, H 1970, 'Nonsmooth optimization-based beamforming in multiuser wireless relay networks', 2010 4th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems, 2010 4th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS 2010), IEEE, Gold Coast, AUSTRALIA.
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Phetsomphou, D, Yoshizawa, S & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'A partial transmit sequence technique for PAPR reduction in MIMO-OFDM systems', 2010 10th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, 2010 10th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE.
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Phung, MD, Van Thi Nguyen, T, Quach, CH & Tran, QV 1970, 'Development of a tele-guidance system with fuzzy-based secondary controller', 2010 11th International Conference on Control Automation Robotics & Vision, Vision (ICARCV 2010), IEEE, Singapore, SINGAPORE, pp. 1826-1830.
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Pileggi, S, Palau, CE & Esteve, M 1970, 'Multimode WSN: Improving Robustness, Fault Tolerance and Performance of Randomly Deployed Wireless Sensor Network', 2010 2nd International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Communication Systems and Networks, 2010 2nd International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Communication Systems and Networks (CICSyN 2010), IEEE, Liverpool, ENGLAND, pp. 112-117.
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Pileggi, SF 1970, 'A Novel Domain Ontology for Sensor Networks', 2010 Second International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Modelling and Simulation, 2010 Second International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Modelling and Simulation (CIMSiM), IEEE, pp. 443-447.
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Semantic Sensor Web is a progressive concept that would improve current Sensor Web model introducing a semantic layer in which the semantic or meaning of information is formally defined. Semantic environment allows a novel approach for interoperability among systems as well as new perspectives for computation (e.g. Ontology-driven and Ontology-aware). One of the central and key issues for the concrete realization of Semantic Sensor Web is the engineering of semantic knowledge for sensor systems. In this paper a novel modular extensible ontology is proposed. This semantic schema is designed according to a methodology that assumes multiple knowledge levels as well as multiples capabilities in terms of both representation and analysis. © 2010 IEEE.

Pileggi, SF, Palau, CE & Esteve, M 1970, 'Building semantic sensor web: Knowledge and interoperability', Proceedings of the International Workshop on Semantic Sensor Web, SSW 2010, in Conjunction with IC3K 2010, pp. 15-22.
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Semantic Sensor Web would be an evolving extension of Sensor Web that introduces a semantic layer in which semantics or meanings of information are formally defined according to well-defined semantic schemas (Ontology). Semantics should improve the capabilities of collecting, retrieving, sharing, manipulating and analyzing sensor data (or associate phenomena) providing a new interoperability model: semantic interoperability introduces the interpretation of means of data allowing the engineering of novel architectures based on standard reasoners.

Pileggi, SF, Palau, CE & Esteve, M 1970, 'On the convergence between Wireless Sensor Network and RFID: Industrial environment', WiOpt 2010 - 8th Intl. Symposium on Modeling and Optimization in Mobile, Ad Hoc, and Wireless Networks, pp. 430-436.
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The convergence between Wireless Sensor Network and RFID technology enables the development of flexible and integrated architectures that could currently represent a competitive solution for several application scenarios. This paper proposes an advanced heterogeneous wireless network designed for industrial environments: typical sensor applications (personal and environmental parameters monitoring), RFID based services (e.g. objects identification) and convergent applications (localization and tracking) are merged. Several research topics are addressed (resource optimization, low power communication within hostile environments, etc). Proposed model would be a generalized solution that assures high performance in terms of reliability, robustness, and flexibility: main architecture component, Multi-Modal Wireless Sensor Node (MM-WSNode), is provided with multiple sensing, communication and data process resource that allows several working modes in function of environmental conditions detected.

Pinggai Yang, Jun Li, Jun Zhang, Hai Jiang, Yi Sun & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'SMBR: A novel NAT traversal mechanism for structured Peer-to-Peer communications', The IEEE symposium on Computers and Communications, 2010 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC), IEEE, pp. 535-539.
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In recent years, structured P2P communications is being widely used for its features of self-organization as well as good scalability and flexibility. To make sure that every node can participate in such a network whether it is behind a NAT or not, we must solve the NAT traversal problem. However, existing NAT traversal methods all need the support of a centralized server which will destroy the distributive characteristic of structured P2P. In this paper, we propose a distributed NAT traversal mechanism called SMBR (Selective-Message Buddy Relaying) for structured P2P. SMBR has two main advantages. The first one is that it does not need the support of a server and thus can maintain the characteristics of structured P2P. Secondly, SMBR uses different mechanisms for the control messages and data according to their size. For control messages, it uses the method of buddy's relay while for data direct connections can be built with the help of the buddy. Using this mechanism, SMBR can achieve a balance between the traversal time and the buddies' load. © 2010 IEEE.

Pradabpet, C, Yoshizawa, S & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Phase rotation optimization in hybrid of PTS-CAPPR method by GA for PAPR reduction in OFDM systems', The 2010 International Conference on Green Circuits and Systems, 2010 International Conference on Green Circuits and Systems (ICGCS), IEEE.
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Pradhan, B & Mansor, S 1970, 'An application of neural network model for landslide susceptibility classification on Pahang area, Malaysia', EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, p. 815.

Pradhan, B, Lee, S, Hyun-Joo, O & Buchroithner, MF 1970, 'Validation of a neural network model using cross application approaches', EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, p. 988.

Price, A & Nejadi, S 1970, 'Calculation of long-term Deflection in Concrete Slabs Using Finite Element Methods', CECAS & ASEC 2010: Innovative Community Building - The 5th Civil Engineering Conference in the Asian Region and Australasian Structural Engineering Conference 2010, The 5th Civil Engineering Conference in the Asian Region and Australasian Structural Engineering Conference 2010, Engineers Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia, pp. 1-6.
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The deflection of concrete slabs involves numerous factors including the geometric properties, concrete properties and load history. Long-term deflections are the result of a decrease in stiffness overtime due to concrete shrinkage and creep effects. Finite element programs are useful to analyse the behaviour of concrete slabs most notably two way slab systems. However, they lack the current functionality to accurately model long term deflections due to the complexity of factors involved. Currently there is no industry accepted method to calculate long-term deflections in concrete slabs using finite element software. AS 3600 Concrete Structures makes no mention and provides no guidelines for the analysis of concrete slab deflections using finite element software. Without industry guidelines there is an increased risk of structures failing to meet the required serviceability limit state using finite element methods. This study has explored the factors that contribute to the time-delayed increase in concrete slab deflections known as long-term deflections. RAM Concept is a finite element program where the Load Factors, Cracked Element Analysis and RAM Conceptâs Effective Curvature Ratio (ECR) methods have been used to estimate the concrete slabs long-term deflections. The finite element results have been compared to the previously tested one-way (Gilbert, 2008) and two-way (Gilbert & Guo, 2002) concrete slabs that had been subjected to sustained loads.

Purba, JH, Lu, J, Ruan, D & Zhang, G 1970, 'PROBABILISTIC SAFETY ASSESSMENT IN NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS BY FUZZY NUMBERS', COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE: FOUNDATIONS AND APPLICATIONS, International FLINS Conference on Computational Intelligence: Foundations and Applications, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., Chengdu, China, pp. 256-262.
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Probabilistic safety assessment in nuclear power plants (NPPs) greatly considers plant safety and optimal plant design. Plant specific data are usually recommended to analyze safety in NPPs. However, such NPP specific data are not always available in practice. This paper presents an approach by combining fuzzy numbers and expert justification to assess an NPP probabilistic failure rate in the absence of statistical data. The proposed approach illustrates a case study for high pressure core spray systems of boiling water reactors.

Qin, L, Yu, JX & Chang, L 1970, 'Ten Thousand SQLs: Parallel Keyword Queries Computing.', Proc. VLDB Endow., Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, ACM, Singapore, pp. 58-69.
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Keyword search in relational databases has been extensively studied. Given a relational database, a keyword query finds a set of interconnected tuple structures connected by foreign key references. On rdbms, a keyword query is processed in two steps, namely, candidate networks (CNs) generation and CNs evaluation, where a CN is an sql. In common, a keyword query needs to be processed using over 10,000 sqls. There are several approaches to process a keyword query on rdbms, but there is a limit to achieve high performance on a uniprocessor architecture. In this paper, we study parallel computing keyword queries on a multicore architecture. We give three observations on keyword query computing, namely, a large number of sqls that needs to be processed, high sharing possibility among sqls, and large intermediate results with small number of final results. All make it challenging for parallel keyword queries computing. We investigate three approaches. We first study the query level parallelism, where each sql is processed by one core. We distribute the sqls into different cores based on three objectives, regarding minimizing workload skew, minimizing intercore sharing and maximizing intra-core sharing respectively. Such an approach has the potential risk of load unbalancing through accumulating errors of cost estimation. We then study the operation level parallelism, where each operation of an sql is processed by one core. All operations are processed in stages, where in each stage the costs of operations are reestimated to reduce the accumulated error. Such operation level parallelism still has drawbacks of workload skew when large operations are involved and a large number of cores are used. Finally, we propose a new algorithm that partitions relations adaptively in order to minimize the extra cost of partitioning and at the same time reduce workload skew. We conducted extensive performance studies using two large real datasets, DBLP and IMDB, and we report...

Qin, PY, Weily, AR, Guo, YJ & Liang, CH 1970, 'Millimeter wave frequency reconfigurable quasi-Yagi antenna', Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference Proceedings, APMC, IEEE, pp. 642-645.
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A millimeter wave frequency reconfigurable quasi-Yagi antenna with a folded dipole driven element is presented. Two PIN diodes are inserted between the upper and lower strip of the folded dipole driver. By switching between different states of PIN diodes, the driven element of the antenna can be changed from a folded dipole with one parasitic director to a dipole with two parasitic directors. Due to the reconfigurable impedance characteristics of driven element, the proposed antenna can operate in either the typical millimeter wave WPAN band (5766GHz) or E-band (7176GHz). Similar end-fire radiation patterns are achieved across the entire tunable frequency range. Preliminary theoretical results on tuning range and radiation patterns for the reconfigurable antenna are described. © 2010 IEICE Institute of Electronics Informati.

Qin, PY, Weily, AR, Guo, YJ, Liang, CH, Cai, Y & IEEE 1970, 'A Pattern Reconfigurable U-slot Patch Antenna', 2010 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, IEEE, pp. 1-4.

Qudah, I, Leijdekkers, P & Gay, V 1970, 'Using mobile phones to improve medication compliance and awareness for cardiac patients.', PETRA, ACM International Conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environment, ACM, Samos, Greece, pp. 1-7.
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Improving cardiac patients' medication compliance is a major factor in reducing mortality rate and reducing hospitalization rate. This paper describes a novel medication compliance management system. Its novelty lies in the combination of functionalities that helps the patient to comply with their medication regimen, together with a personal health monitoring system that monitors their health and collects vital signs data using a mobile phone and wireless bio sensors. The system is designed to collect and analyse medication compliance, side effects and symptom responses and transfers the collected data in real time to a web based system for remote monitoring by caregivers and health professionals. Health professionals can use the system to assess the effect of the medication regimen on their patients' health and adapt it to reduce side effects and maximise the patient's wellbeing. Copyright © 2010 ACM.

Quevedo, DE, Aguilera, RP, Perez, MA & Cortes, P 1970, 'Finite control set MPC of an AFE rectifier with dynamic references', 2010 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology, 2010 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT 2010), IEEE, pp. 1265-1270.
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We present a model predictive controller for closed loop control of an active front-end rectifier. Our method operates in discrete-time and does not require additional modulators or external control loops. The key novelty of the control algorithm presented lies in the way dynamic references are handled. Simulation studies illustrate that fast and accurate tracking of dynamic dc-voltage and reactive power references can be achieved, while respecting restrictions on maximum power levels of the rectifier. ©2010 IEEE.

Qumer, A & Henderson-Sellers, B 1970, 'Empirical Evaluation of the Agile Process Lifecycle Management Framework.', RCIS, International Conference on Research Challenges in Information Science, IEEE, Nice, France, pp. 213-222.
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While many organisations are interested in adopting agile methods suitable to their local circumstances, there is little guidance available on how to do so. To address this important issue, we have developed an agile software process lifecycle management framework (APLM). The APLM framework is intended for use by agile coaches, managers and consultants to facilitate the integration of agile practices into both software project development environments. This paper presents the outcomes of an empirical evaluation of the APLM framework that has been conducted by involving a practitioners' group composed of fourteen experienced agile experts from industry. The main objective of this empirical study is to determine to what extent each component of the agile process lifecycle management (APLM) framework is relevant, valuable and sufficient to achieve its purpose from an industry practitioner's perspective. © 2010 IEEE.

Qumer, A & Henderson-Sellers, B 1970, 'Framework as Software Service (FaSS) - An Agile e-Toolkit to Support Agile Method Tailoring.', ICSOFT (2), International Conference on Software and Data Technologies, SciTePress, Athens, Greece, pp. 167-172.
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In a real software application development environment, a pre-defined or fixed methodology, whether plan-based or agile, is unlikely to be successfully adopted 'off-the-shelf. Agile methods have recognised that a method should be tailored to each situation. The purpose of this paper is to present an agile e-toolkit software service to facilitate the tailoring of agile processes in the overall context of agile method adoption and improvement. The agile e-toolkit is a web-based tool to store and manage agile practices extracted from various agile methods and frameworks. The core component of the e-toolkit is the agile knowledge-base or repository. The agile knowledge-base contains agile process fragments. Agile consultants or teams can then use agile process fragments stored in the agile knowledge-base for the tailoring of situation-specific agile processes by using a situational method engineering approach. The e-toolkit software service has been implemented using a service-oriented cloud computing technology platform (Software as a Service-SaaS). The agile e-toolkit specifications and software application details have been summarized in this paper.

Rahman, BMA, Kejalakshmy, N, Agrawal, A, Uthman, M & Grattan, KTV 1970, 'Single mode and single polarization operation in photonic crystal fibers', SPIE Proceedings, SPIE Photonics Europe, SPIE.
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Rahman, BMA, Leung, DMH, Namassivayane, K, Agrawal, A, Ashraf, M, Tanvir, H & Grattan, KTV 1970, 'Rigorous characterization of silicon nanowire for compact nanophotonic devices', SPIE Proceedings, SPIE Photonics Europe, SPIE.
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Raiyan Kabir, SM, Rahman, BMA, Agrawal, A, Quadir, A & Grattan, KTV 1970, 'A Finite Element Approach to Maxwell’s Equations in Two Dimension', Integrated Photonics Research, Silicon and Nanophotonics and Photonics in Switching, Integrated Photonics Research, Silicon and Nanophotonics, OSA.
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A finite element based time domain method is proposed to solve the Maxwell's curl equations. This technique can handle irregular mesh. The method also utilises less node to store all field components. © 2010 Optical Society of America.

Raja, S, Stuart, B & Thomas, P 1970, 'The development of analytical techniques for the determination of forensic bone age', Science & Justice, UTS Faculty of Science Research Day, Elsevier BV, pp. 36-37.
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Raja, S, Stuart, BH, Thomas, P & Howes, JM 1970, 'The effect of soil burial environment on forensic bone structure', 20th International Symposium on the Forensic Sciences Abstract Book, 20th International Symposium on the Forensic Sciences, Sydney.

Raja, S, Stuart, BH, Thomas, P & Howes, JM 1970, 'The effect of soil burial environment on forensic bone structure', 20th International Symposium on the Forensic Sciences Abstract Book, 20th International Symposium on the Forensic Sciences, Sydney.

Rashid, U, Tuan, HD & Kha, HH 1970, 'Optimized Power Allocation in Nonlinear Sensor Networks via Semidefinite Programming', 2010 IEEE 72nd Vehicular Technology Conference - Fall, 2010 IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2010-Fall), IEEE, Ottawa, Canada, pp. 1-5.
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This paper presents an efficient technique for power allocation to the sensor nodes in a nonlinear sensor network (NSN). We minimize mean square error of the estimation of a random scalar parameter subject to a constraint on total amount of power consume

Rashid, U, Tuan, HD, Kha, HH & Nguyen, HH 1970, 'Optimized power allocation by semidefinite programming and unscented transformation for nonlinear sensor network', 2010 4th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems, 2010 4th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS 2010), IEEE, Gold Coast, AUSTRALIA.
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Raza, M, Hussain, FK, Hussain, OK & Chang, E 1970, 'MD2 METRICS FOR OPTIMIZING TRUST PREDICTION IN DIGITAL BUSINESS ECOSYSTEM', INTELLIGENT DECISION MAKING SYSTEMS, International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Knowledge Engineering, World Scientific And Engineering Acad And Soc, Hasselt, BELGIUM, pp. 402-410.
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The modelling and management of trust between interacting parties are crucial parts of the overall business intelligence strategy for any organization. Predicting trust values is a key element of modelling and managing trust. It is of critical importance when the interaction is to be conducted at a future point in time. In the existing body of work, there are a few approaches for predicting trust. However, none of these approaches proposes a framework or methodology by which the predicted trust value can be considered in light of its accuracy or confidence level. This is a key element in order to ensure optimized trust prediction. In this paper, we propose a methodology to address this critical issue. The methodology comprises a suite of metrics-maturity, distance and density (MD2) which are capable of capturing various aspects of the confidence level in the predicted trust value. The proposed methodology is exemplified with the help of case studies. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

Raza, M, Hussain, FK, Hussain, OK & Chang, E 1970, 'Q-Contract Net: A Negotiation Protocol to Enable Quality-Based Negotiation in Digital Business Ecosystems', 2010 International Conference on Complex, Intelligent and Software Intensive Systems, 2010 International Conference on Complex, Intelligent and Software Intensive Systems (CISIS), IEEE, pp. 161-167.
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The Digital Business Ecosystem (DBE) is the result of the co-evolution of the Business Ecosystem and the Digital Ecosystem. There are numerous approaches and enabling technologies which are used in modeling open business marketplaces and, due to the similarities between the Digital Business environments, they can also help to enable the Digital Business Ecosystem but with some limitations. The complete lifecycle of the DBE can be decomposed into the following phases: formation, evolution and dissipation. In this work, our main focus is on the importance of negotiation in the DBE formation phase and especially on the structure of Contract Net Protocol. We will present an extension to the primitive Contract Net Protocol and name it Contract Net with Quality Protocol (CNQP or Q-Contract Net) to facilitate the negotiation process by adding the quality evaluation steps during the negotiation phase of the DBE formation. © 2010 IEEE.

Resconi, G & Chaczko, Z 1970, 'Fuzzy network of reasoning by SVD and Morphotronic network', International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, 2010 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE), IEEE, Barcelona International Convention Centre, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 1709-1716.
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In the classical logic the inferential process is based on the modus ponens rule for which when the rule that connects the premise with the consequence is true and the premise is true, we know that the consequence is also true. Now, in the fuzzy inferential process the premise and the consequence are not logic propositions that assume the logic values true or false but are fuzzy sets that can assume values between zero and one. The classical logic rule is replaced with the fuzzy rule R. In this paper, we demonstrate that the fuzzy reasoning network is isomorphic to the Morphotronic network that includes the SVD technique. We also show that Morphotronic network is capable to simulate complex fuzzy reasoning or fuzzy inference in a completely new way.

Rezaei, M, Neshat, M & yazdi, HS 1970, 'A New Frequency Dependent Resistor for modeling skin effect of wire and echo cancellation by PSO', 2010 The 2nd International Conference on Computer and Automation Engineering (ICCAE), 2nd International Conference on Computer and Automation Engineering (ICCAE 2010), IEEE.
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Richards, D, Paul, G, Webb, S & Kirchner, N 1970, 'Manipulator-based grasping pose selection by means of task-objective optimisation', Proceedings of the 2010 Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, ACRA 2010, Proceedings of the Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, pp. 1-9.
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This paper presents an alternative to inverse kinematics for mobile manipulator grasp pose selection which integrates obstacle avoidance and joint limit checking into the pose selection process. Given the Cartesian coordinates of an object in 3D space and its normal vector, end-effector pose objectives including collision checking and joint limit checks are used to create a series of cost functions based on sigmoid functions. These functions are optimised using Levenberg-Marquardt's algorithm to determine a valid pose for a given object. The proposed method has been shown to extend the workspace of the manipulator, eliminating the need for precomputed grasp sets and post pose selection collision checking and joint limit checks. This method has been successfully used on a 6 DOF manipulator both in simulation and in the real world environment.

Rijal, R, Samali, B & Crews, K 1970, 'Dynamic performance of timber-concrete composite flooring systems', Incorporating Sustainable Practice in Mechanics of Structures and Materials - Proceedings of the 21st Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials (ACMSM21), Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, CRC Press, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 315-319.
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Long span and light weight floor construction in recent times has led to increased concerns on the dynamic issues with the flooring systems. Therefore, there is a growing need for measurement of dynamic characteristics such as fundamental natural frequency, damping ratio, and mode shapes of floor systems to investigate their behaviour. A combination of timber and concrete has been extensively used to construct floors over the past three decades to resolve most of the issues such as vibration and acoustic encountered in full timber flooring systems. his paper presents the results such as fundamental natural frequency, damping ratio and composite action index from dynamic investigation on four TCC beams with identical geometry but with different connection systems. Initially all the beams were excited by instrumented hammer and free vibration responses were recorded. The connection systems tested included bird-mouth notch with coach screw, nonnal and SFS screws without any notches.

Rijal, R, Samali, B, Crews, K & Shrestha, R 1970, 'Dynamic behaviour of timber-concrete composite flooring systems', 11th World Conference on Timber Engineering 2010, WCTE 2010, pp. 1815-1820.
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Floors are almost always designed against the action of static loads, despite everyday evidence that dynamic loads are also of great importance and therefore there is a growing need for measurement of dynamic parameters like natural frequencies, and damping ratio of the floors. Timber-concrete composite (TCC) floors have been found to resolve vibration susceptibility and low impact insulation issues concerned with full timber floors; however, the composite behaviour of TCC floors depends primarily upon the efficiency of the connection system used. The dynamic parameters of the flooring system can be used to assess the efficiency of the connection system. This paper presents a comprehensive review on dynamic parameters of TCC flooring systems and tests to determine these parameters. Serviceability requirements for TCC floors to control vibration are also discussed. Brief description of ongoing dynamic tests using instrumented hammer test on TCC beams are finally presented.

Rizoiu, M-A, Velcin, J & Chauchat, J-H 1970, 'Regrouper les données textuelles et nommer les groupes à l'aide de classes recouvrantes.', EGC, Cépaduès-Éditions, pp. 561-572.

Roberts, D, Roberts, M, Liu, X, Roberts, J, Lipman, J & Bellomo, R 1970, 'CLEARANCE OF ANTIBIOTICS BY HIGH AND LOW INTENSITY CONTINUOUS RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY IN CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS', NEPHROLOGY, WILEY-BLACKWELL, pp. 87-87.

Roeva, O, Pencheva, T, Atanassov, K & Shannon, A 1970, 'Generalized Net model of selection operator of genetic algorithms', 2010 5th IEEE International Conference Intelligent Systems, 2010 5th IEEE International Conference Intelligent Systems (IS), IEEE, pp. 286-289.
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The apparatus of Generalized Nets is applied here to a description of a selection operator, which is one of the basic genetic algorithm operators. This genetic operator performs a probabilistic selection based upon the individual's fittness such that the better individuals have an increased chance of being selected for the next generation. The resulting GN model could be considered as a separate module, but can also be accumulated into a GN model to describe a whole genetic algorithm. © 2010 IEEE.

Rong, B, Liu, B, Wu, Y, Gagnon, G, Gui, L & Zhang, W 1970, 'Mobile Location Finding Using ATSC Mobile/Handheld Digital TV RF Watermark Signals', 2010 IEEE 72nd Vehicular Technology Conference - Fall, 2010 IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2010-Fall), IEEE.
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This paper investigates the use of ATSC M/H digital television (DTV) signal for location finding. In comparison to satellite based location finding system, DTV signals have higher field strength, wider bandwidth, lower frequency band, and DTV transmission towers are pervasively available everywhere. They can be used for indoor and mobile location finding in major cities where satellite based system might not function well. The ATSC receiver can obtain the multiple transmitter impulse responses and signal arrival times using the embedded RF watermark (RFWM) signal, and then derives its geographic coordinates based on the position of ATSC transmitters. As a critical step of this process, the transmitter identification in mobile environment has significant impact on the overall accuracy of location finding. In this paper, we present extensive analytical and simulation results to demonstrate the performance of RFWM technology over mobile channels. ©2010 IEEE.

Rosberg, Z, Cantoni, A & Liu, RP 1970, 'Resource allocation for QoS multiuser MIMO with zero forcing and MMSE beamforming', 2010 IEEE 18th International Workshop on Quality of Service (IWQoS), 2010 IEEE 18th International Workshop on Quality of Service (IWQoS), IEEE.
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To enable ubiquitous end-to-end quality of service over IP networks expanding to rural areas, we examine resource allocation problems of a MAC layer for an OFDM MIMO wireless base station (BS) using multiuser beamforming. We compare two linear beamforming techniques, zero-forcing (ZF-BF) and minimum mean square error (MMSE-BF). To guarantee minimum bandwidth and low packet delay in an environment where the number of users is much larger than the number of BS antennas, one needs to partition the users into several sets and combine space division multiple access (SDMA) with time division multiple access (TDMA). We study the impact on the optimal transmission power resulting from selecting the following design parameters: (i) ZF-BF vs. MMSE-BF; (ii) the number of user sets multiplexed by TDMA; and (iii) the number of BS antennas. Two notable results are observed: (1) power wise, ZF-BF is far more superior to MMSE-ZF; (2) substantial power can be saved by increasing the number of BS antennas; however, only by large increments, e.g., from 6 to 9 and further to 21.

Ruzinoor, CM, Shariff, ARM, Mahmud, AR, Pradhan, B & Rahim, MSM 1970, '3D terrain visualization: a comparison of different contour intervals for terrain data draped with aerial photograph', Proceedings of 6th Remote Sensing and GIS Conference and Exhibition (MRSS 2010), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Saesue, W, Chou, CT & Zhang, J 1970, 'CROSS-layer QoS-optimized EDCA adaptation for wireless video streaming', 2010 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 2010 17th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2010), IEEE, Hong Kong, pp. 2925-2928.
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In this paper, we propose an adaptive cross layer technique that optimally enhance the QoS of wireless video transmission in an IEEE 802.11e WLAN. The optimization takes into account the unequal error protection characteristics of video streaming, the IE

Saesue, W, Chou, CT & Zhang, J 1970, 'Video quality prediction in the presence of MAC contention and wireless channel error', 2010 IEEE International Symposium on 'A World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks' (WoWMoM), 2010 IEEE International Symposium on 'A World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks' (WoWMoM), IEEE.
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This paper proposes an integrated model to predict the quality of video, expressed in terms of mean square error (MSE) of the received video frames, in an IEEE 802.11e wireless network. The proposed system takes into account contention at the MAC layer, wireless channel error, queueing at the MAC layer, parameters of different 802.11e access categories (ACs), and video characteristics of different H.264 data partitions (DPs). To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first system that takes these network and video characteristics into consideration to predict video quality in an IEEE 802.11e network. The proposed system consists of two components. The first component predicts the packet loss rate of each H.264 data partition by using a multi-dimensional discrete-time Markov chain (DTMC) coupled to a M/G/1 queue. The second component uses these packet loss rates and the video characteristics to predict the MSE of each received video frames. We verify the accuracy of our combination system by using discrete event simulation and real H.264 coded video sequences. ©2010 IEEE.

Saesue, W, Zhang, J & Chou, CT 1970, 'Frame-recursive block-based distortion estimation model for multiple reference frames and motion copy concealment in H.264/AVC', 2010 18th International Packet Video Workshop, 2010 18th International Packet Video Workshop (PV), IEEE.
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Sahbi, H & Audibert, J-Y 1970, 'Network-dependent kernels for image ranking', 2010 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 2010 17th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2010), IEEE, pp. 4581-4584.
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We present a novel approach of saliency based image categorization using topic model. In each image, salient foreground objects are discriminated from background scene by saliency detection. Then topic model is used to jointly discover topics of foreground and background. Our approach can categorize images in a completely unsupervised manner and achieve higher performance than previous categorization methods, especially for those images with similar foreground/background. © 2010 IEEE.

Sajid, A, Nayyar, A & Mohsin, A 1970, 'Modern trends towards requirement elicitation', Proceedings of the 2010 National Software Engineering Conference, NSEC '10: National Software Engineering Conference 2010, ACM.
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Sakhaee, E, Leibnitz, K, Wakamiya, N & Murata, M 1970, 'Layered Attractor Selection for Clustering and Data Gathering in Wireless Sensor Networks', 2010 IEEE Wireless Communication and Networking Conference, Networking Conference (WCNC), IEEE.
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Saleh, A & Li, J 1970, 'Innovative Assessment and Feedback System for Structural Engineering Education', Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference for the Australasian Association for Engineering Education, Annual Conference of Australasian Association for Engineering Education, University of Technology, Sydney, Sydney, Australia, pp. 315-321.
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Commercial Online course management platforms are increasingly used in teaching and learning in many disciplines. However their use for setting assessment tasks in engineering education is often difficult and limited in achieving desired teaching and learning objectives. This is partly due to the nature of engineering exercise problems which often requires equation manipulation and multi-stage problem solving. This paper presents an innovative spreadsheet based tool which is designed to cater for this type of problem. The tool was developed for both formative and summative assessments and with a resource optimal capability to automate both marking and collecting timely feedback from students on their perceived learning. It aims to encourage active learning with activatable hints and to minimise plagiarism by generating individual assignment data for each student.

Samali, B, Crews, K, Aboura, K, Ariyaratne, W & Manamperi, P 1970, 'A system for bridge network condition assessment and prediction', Incorporating Sustainable Practice in Mechanics of Structures and Materials - Proceedings of the 21st Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials (ACMSM21), Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, CRC Press, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 739-744.
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Traditionally, bridge management systems were designed using a Markov chain decision model. Based on the analysis of 15 years of bridge inspection data, we apply the gamma process instead, After extracting all relevant information, enough data was collected on the condition paths of elements to build a deterioration model. The element conditions follow a time period in full condition then start deteriorating. We consider a random variable for the last time the condition was observed to be 100%. We consider the stochastic deterioration process that follows. The amalgamation of the two part process through probabilistic arguments creates a new stochastic process. The novel stochastic process characteristics are derived through the data to provide a predictive model for the element, bridge and network conditions. We showcase a software solution for bridge network condition assessment, monitoring and prediction.

Samarin, A 1970, 'Towards better understanding of the amorphous silica - Alkali reactions and the means of preventing glass aggregate expansion in concrete', 2nd International Conference on Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies, Second International Conference on Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies, Coventry University and The University of Wisconsin Milwaukee Centre for By-products Utilization, Ancona, Italy, pp. 1-8.
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The effect of quantity and characteristics of the components of amorphous silica - alkali reactions, based on the research carried at the CSIRO Laboratories in Australia and by the author are discussed. Conditions under which the expansion of silica-gel can be reduced to a safe level or even completely eliminated are presented. The emphasis is made on the commercially viable and the most economical means of the safe use of crushed soda-lime glasses (which account for about ninety percent of all manufactured glasses) as an aggregate in structural, durable and dimensionally stable concretes, in which hydraulic cements are used as a binder. With the depletion of good quality natural aggregates from quarries located in the proximity of construction and development sites, the use of recycled materials becomes particularly important in the current climate of global recession. It should be emphasized, however, that the results of these findings may not be universal, and when applied to the specific local conditions (both - glass and hydraulic cements) should be verified in the laboratory tests.

Sanjari, E, Saberi, MH & Nemati Lay, E 1970, 'Evaluation of correlations for optimizing gas mixture compressibility factors applicable to natural gas storage and transportation', 19th International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering, CHISA 2010 and 7th European Congress of Chemical Engineering, ECCE-7.
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The compressibility factor of gas mixture plays an important role on natural gas storage and transportation. Five of the most commonly used correlations for predicting 500 experimental data points are compared. AGA8-DC92 gave the least average absolute relative deviation with respect to original data. For optimizing natural gas storage, different compositions of natural gas with specific gravity ranges were studied. The compressibility factors of synthetic natural gas were then calculated using the AGA8-DC92 correlation. The compressibility factor decreased by increasing pressure at lower pressures while it increased at higher pressure. The graphical analysis including optimized natural gas compressibility factors was presented. This is an abstract of a paper presented at the 7th European Congress of Chemical Engineering-7 and 19th International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering CHISA 2010 (Prague, Czech Republic 8/28/2010-9/1/2010).

Saqib, M & Lee, C 1970, 'Traffic control system using wireless sensor network', International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology, ICACT, pp. 352-357.
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The Real time locating system (RTLS) determines and tracks the location of assets and people. This paper presents a novel application to estimate the position and velocity of vehicle using wireless sensor network. Two Anchor nodes are used as reader along roadside and total distance between them is known. Whenever a moving vehicle with tag comes in between the common part of the operating range of two anchor nodes, exchange of information is done using Symmetric double sided two way ranging algorithm, which gives us position information. Using position information at several interval of time, velocity can be easily obtained. Position and velocity is obtained and displayed on base station. Kalman filtering is used to estimate the position and velocity from noisy measurements. Performance evaluation is done comparing vehicle position speed true values with experimental and estimated values.

Saunders, R, Gemeinboeck, P, Lombard, A, Bourke, D & Kocabali, B 1970, 'Curious whispers: An embodied artificial creative system', Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Creativity, ICCC-10, pp. 100-109.
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Creativity, whether or not it is computational, doesn't occur in a vacuum, it is a situated, embodied activity that is connected with cultural, social, personal and physical contexts. Artificial creative systems are computational models that attempt to capture personal, social and cultural aspects of human creativity. The physical embodiment of artificial creative systems presents significant challenges and opportunities. This paper introduces the 'Curious Whispers' project, an attempt to embody an artificial creative system as a collection of autonomous mobile robots that communicate through simple 'songs'. The challenges of developing an autonomous robotic platform suitable for constructing artificial creative systems are discussed. We conclude by examining some of the opportunities of this embodied approach to computational creativity.

Scholl, P & Deuse, J 1970, 'Approach to reduce costs in a warehouse with simultaneous increase of the system's flexibility', Proceedings of 2010 IEEE International Conference on Service Operations and Logistics, and Informatics, 2010 IEEE International Conference on Service Operations and Logistics and Informatics (SOLI), IEEE, pp. 183-188.
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In modern supply chains, effective and efficient warehousing processes are important to fulfill customer orders within a minimum of time at lowest possible costs for customers (picking costs). To reach minimum picking costs, flexibility strategies in a warehouse are needed to handle the effects of short-term quantity and volume fluctuations. This article describes a flexibility concept to identify an optimal strategy (sequence of actions) for adapting cost intensive capacities in a warehouse in according with variability in quantity and volume of customer orders. © 2010 IEEE.

Schwitter, B, Bennett, D & Miljak, D 1970, 'A new online detection method for arsenic minerals in process streams', XXV International Mineral Processing Congress 2010, IMPC 2010, pp. 3009-3014.
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Arsenic is a significant inorganic pollutant and is a penalty element in base metal concentrates. There is both an economic and environmental need to control the level of arsenic in processing streams. For example, there may be benefit in real time monitoring of mineral species that contain arsenic in flotation cells to aid control of arsenic removal. The mineral speciation of tailing streams may also be a useful indicator of plant performance. CSIRO is developing on-line instrumentation for mineral phase analysis based on magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The method used is non-contact, suitable for measurement on conveyor ore streams or slurries, and has high resolution and low detection limits for selected minerals. The method is highly specific, as each target has a response unaffected by other mineral resonances. This technique is suited to the detection of arsenic mineral phases due to the high sensitivity associated with the arsenic nuclei, and other resonant nuclei contained in the phase, such as copper. Preliminary results are presented for selected arsenic minerals including orpiment, metallic arsenic and tennantite. It is demonstrated that detection limits below 0.1 weight per cent, measured online within several minutes, are feasible for certain arsenic minerals. Lower detection limits can be achieved with increased measurement time. Prospects for on-line detection of minerals containing bismuth or antimony are also discussed.

Seah, C-W, Tsang, IW, Ong, Y-S & Lee, K-K 1970, 'Predictive Distribution Matching SVM for Multi-domain Learning', MACHINE LEARNING AND KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY IN DATABASES, PT I, European Conference on Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases (ECML PKDD), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Barcelona, SPAIN, pp. 231-247.
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Sehestedt, S, Kodagoda, S & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Robot path planning in a social context', 2010 IEEE Conference on Robotics, Automation and Mechatronics, 2010 IEEE Conference on Robotics, Automation and Mechatronics (RAM), IEEE, Singapore, pp. 206-211.
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Human robot interaction has attracted significant attention over the last couple of years. An important aspect of such robotic systems is to share the working space with humans and carry out the tasks in a socially acceptable way. In this paper, we address the problem of fusing socially acceptable behaviours into robot path planning. By observing an environment for a while, the robot learns human motion patterns based on sampled Hidden Markov Models and utilises them in a Probabilistic Roadmap based path planning algorithm. This will minimise the social distractions, such as going through someone else's working space (due to the shortest path), by planning the path through minimal distractions, leading to human-like behaviours. The algorithm is implemented in Orca/C++ with appealing results in real world experiments. ©2010 IEEE.

Sehestedt, S, Kodagoda, S, Dissanayake, G & IEEE 1970, 'Models of Motion Patterns for Mobile Robotic Systems', IEEE/RSJ 2010 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS (IROS 2010), IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 4127-4132.
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Human robot interaction is an emerging area of research with many challenges. Knowledge about human behaviors could lead to more effective and efficient interactions of a robot in populated environments. This paper presents a probabilistic framework for the learning and representation of human motion patterns in an office environment. It is based on the observation that most human trajectories are not random. Instead people plan trajectories based on many considerations, such as social rules and path length. Motion patterns are learned using an incrementally growing Sampled Hidden Markov Model. This model has a number of interesting properties which can be of use in many applications. For example, the learned knowledge can be used to predict motion, infer social rules, thus improve a robot's operation and its interaction with people in a populated space. The proposed learning method is extensively validated in real world experiments. ©2010 IEEE.

Sehestedt, S, Kodagoda, S, Dissanayake, G & IEEE 1970, 'Using Common Motion Patterns to Improve a Robot's Operation in Populated Environments', 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL, AUTOMATION, ROBOTICS AND VISION (ICARCV 2010), Int. Conf. Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision, IEEE, Singapore, pp. 2036-2041.
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Robotic devices are increasingly penetrating the human work spaces as stand alone units and helpers. It is believed that a robot could be easily integrated with humans, if the robot can learn how to behave in a socially acceptable manner. This involves a robot to observe, learn and comply with basic rules of human behaviors. As an example, one would expect a robot to travel in an environment without intruding human workspaces unnecessarily. Thus, identifying common motion patterns of people by observing a specific environment is an important task as people's trajectories are usually not random, however are tailored to the way the environment is structured. We propose a learning algorithm to construct a Sampled Hidden Markov Model (SHMM) that captures behavior of people through observations and then demonstrate how this model could be exploited for planning socially aware paths. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the viability of the proposed approach. ©2010 IEEE.

Seneviratne, AJ, Kha, HH, Tuan, HD & Nguyen, TQ 1970, '2-D two-fold symmetric circular shaped filter design with homomorphic processing application', 2010 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, 2010 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, IEEE, Dallas, USA, pp. 3694-3697.
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A design method of a linear-phased, two-dimensional (2-D), two-fold symmetric circular shaped filter is presented in this paper. Although the proposed method designs a non-separable filter, its implementation has linear complexity. The shape of the passb

Seneviratne, AJ, Kha, HH, Tuan, HD & Nguyen, TQ 1970, 'Two-fold symmetric diamond-shaped 2-D filter design with quincunx sampling application', International Conference on Communications and Electronics 2010, 2010 Third International Conference on Communications and Electronics (ICCE 2010), IEEE, Hanoi Univ Sci & Technol, Nha Trang, VIETNAM, pp. 137-140.
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Sezer, E, Pradhan, B & Gokceoglu, C 1970, 'An application of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system to landslide susceptibility mapping (Klang valley, Malaysia)', EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, p. 48.

Shafi, M & Guo, YJ 1970, 'WCNC 2010 Welcome from the Technical Program Chairs', 2010 IEEE Wireless Communication and Networking Conference, Networking Conference (WCNC), IEEE.
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Shambour, Q & Lu, J 1970, 'A Framework of Hybrid Recommendation System for Government-to-Business Personalized E-Services', 2010 Seventh International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations, 2010 Seventh International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations, IEEE, Las Vegas, USA, pp. 592-597.
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One of the challenges facing e-governments is how to provide businesses with services and information specific to their needs, rather than an undifferentiated mass of information. One way to achieve this is through the design and development of personali

Shambour, Q & Lu, J 1970, 'A RECOMMENDER SYSTEM FOR PERSONALIZED G2B E-SERVICES USING METADATA-BASED ONTOLOGY AND FOCUSED WEB CRAWLER', INTELLIGENT DECISION MAKING SYSTEMS, International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Knowledge Engineering, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., Hasselt, Belgium, pp. 332-337.
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Providing personalized online services to businesses is one of the main challenges in current e- Government development. Recommendation techniques can provide a possible solution for this issue. This study presents an e-Government to Business Recommender System (eGBRS) based on the Multi-Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT) to handle personalized government-to-Business (G2B) e-Services. Specifically, the proposed system uses web information crawling and metadata-based ontology techniques for building a business-based knowledge base with multiattribute recommendation capabilities. The proposed eGBRS can be used by e-government agencies to provide business partner matching recommendation services to their business users according to their needs and preferences.

Shang, H, Lin, X, Zhang, Y, Yu, JX & Wang, W 1970, 'Connected substructure similarity search', Proceedings of the 2010 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of data, SIGMOD/PODS '10: International Conference on Management of Data, ACM, Indianapolis, USA, pp. 903-914.
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Substructure similarity search is to retrieve graphs that approximately contain a given query graph. It has many applications, e.g., detecting similar functions among chemical compounds. The problem is challenging as even testing subgraph containment between two graphs is NP-complete. Hence, existing techniques adopt the filtering-and-verification framework with the focus on developing effective and efficient techniques to remove non-promising graphs. Nevertheless, existing filtering techniques may be still unable to effectively remove many 'low' quality candidates. To resolve this, in this paper we propose a novel indexing technique, GrafD-Index, to index graphs according to their 'distances' to features. We characterize a tight condition under which the distance-based triangular inequality holds. We then develop lower and upper bounding techniques that exploit the GrafD-Index to (1) prune non-promising graphs and (2) include graphs whose similarities are guaranteed to exceed the given similarity threshold. Considering that the verification phase is not well studied and plays the dominant role in the whole process, we devise efficient algorithms to verify candidates. A comprehensive experiment using real datasets demonstrates that our proposed methods significantly outperform existing methods. © 2010 ACM.

Shao, W, Bouzerdoum, A, Phung, SL, Su, L, Indraratna, B & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 1970, 'Automatic classification of GPR signals', Proceedings of the XIII Internarional Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar, 2010 13th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR 2010), IEEE.
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Ground penetrating radar has been widely used in many areas. However, the processing and interpretation of acquired signals remains a challenging task since it requires experienced users to manage the whole operations. In this paper, we propose an automatic classification system to categorise GPR signals based on magnitude spectrum amplitudes and support vector machines. The system is tested on a real-world GPR data set. The experimental results show that our system can correctly distinguish ground penetrating radar signals reflected by different materials. ©2009 IEEE.

Shen, B, Perry, S & Fraser, D 1970, 'Adaptive motion-compensated temporal filtering of sector scan sonar image sequences', OCEANS'10 IEEE SYDNEY, OCEANS 2010 IEEE - Sydney, IEEE.
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We present an adaptive weighted temporal averaging filter with implicit motion-compensation for effective object enhancement in sector scan sonar image sequences. Visual blurring artifacts introduced by the temporal filtering process due to motion of the sonar platform are minimized by accurate motion estimation and compensation. An algorithm is proposed to perform object boundary extraction for better motion estimation. Motion estimation is performed directly on polar image sequences using cross-correlation followed by a Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) method. Each pixel of the filtered image is computed as the weighted average of the image pixel values over successive frames after motion compensation. The performance of the proposed filter is tested using real sector scan sonar image sequences and the results are compared with those obtained using the temporal averaging and motion compensated temporal averaging filters. © 2010 IEEE.

Sheng, D & Zhou, A 1970, 'Fundamentals of Unsaturated Soil Modelling: Have We Got It Right?', Experimental and Applied Modeling of Unsaturated Soils, GeoShanghai International Conference 2010, American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 104-118.
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An unsaturated soil is not a special type of soil, rather a state of the soil. All soils can be unsaturated with water. There are many concepts specifically related to constitutive models for unsaturated soils, e.g., suction, net stress, apparent consolidation, loading-collapse yield surface, suction-increase yield surface, etc. These concepts are not always well understood and also seem to make unsaturated soils very special. This paper gives a critical review of these concepts, in an attempt to clarify some common confusion in constitutive modelling of unsaturated soils. © 2010 ASCE.

Sheng, D & Zhou, AN 1970, 'A comparative study of shear strength equations for unsaturated soils', Unsaturated Soils: Theoretical and Numerical Advances in Unsaturated Soil Mechanics - Proceedings of the 4th Asia Pacific Conference on Unsaturated Soils, 4th Asia Pacific Conference on Unsaturated Soils, CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP, Newcastle, AUSTRALIA, pp. 765-774.
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Shear strength is the one of the most fundamental issues in the study of unsaturated soils. Different strength equations have been proposed for predicting shear strength of unsaturated soils. Some of these equations are based on regression of experimental data, while some of them are embodied in more complex stress-strain constitutive models. In this paper, a number of shear strength equations for unsaturated soils are examined and compared with experimental data. Data for both air-dried and compacted specimens are used in the comparison. The advantages and limitations associated with different equations are discussed. © 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

Sheng, D, Zhou, A & Yamamoto, H 1970, 'MECHANICS OF UNSATURATED SOILS: DISCUSSION ON FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES', RECENT DEVELOPMENTS OF GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING, 4th Japan-China Geotechnical Symposium, JAPANESE GEOTECHNICAL SOC, Okinawa, JAPAN, pp. 127-134.

Shi, L, Kodagoda, S & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Environment Classification and Semantic Grid Map Building Based on Laser Range Finder Data', IROS 2010 Workshop on Semantic Mapping and Autonomous Knowledge Acquisition, Workshop on Semantic Mapping and Autonomous Knowledge Acquisition, online proceeding of IROS 2010 workshop, Taipei, pp. 1-6.
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Human robot interaction has become an important area of research in the robotics community. High level abstractions, which are commonly used by humans, can be learnt by robots to effectively communicate with humans. In this paper, we propose a Semantic Grid Map (SGM) to represent an environment. SGM is similar to an Occupancy Grid (OG) map, however with high level information as environment type labels. We use a robot-mounted laser range finder (LRF) data to learn and classify an environment into various area types. Then the classification results are combined probabilistically to update the semantic grid map. The classification accuracy is further improved by outlier rejection and topological correction. Finally we present a labeling strategy while a robot is exploring an unknown environment. Experimental results of a robot exploring in a university environment are presented to assess the performance of the algorithm.

Shi, L, Kodagoda, S & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Semantic grid map building', Proceedings of the 2010 Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, ACRA 2010, Proceedings of the Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 1-7.
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Conventional Occupancy Grid (OG) map which contains occupied and unoccupied cells can be enhanced by incorporating semantic labels of places to build semantic grid map. Map with semantic information is more understandable to humans and hence can be used for efficient communication, leading to effective human robot interactions. This paper proposes a new approach that enables a robot to explore an indoor environment to build an occupancy grid map and then perform semantic labeling to generate a semantic grid map. Geometrical information is obtained by classifying the places into three different semantic classes based on data collected by a 2D laser range finder. Classification is achieved by implementing logistic regression as a multi-class classifier, and the results are combined in a probabilistic framework. Labeling accuracy is further improved by topological correction on robot position map which is an intermediate product, and also by outlier removal process on semantic grid map. Simulation on data collected in a university environment shows appealing results.

Shi, L, Kodagoda, S, Dissanayake, G & IEEE 1970, 'Laser Range Data Based Semantic Labeling of Places', IEEE/RSJ 2010 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS (IROS 2010), IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 5941-5946.
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Extending metric space representations of an environment with other high level information, such as semantic and topological representations enable a robotic device to efficiently operate in complex environments. This paper proposes a methodology for a robot to classify indoor environments into semantic categories. Classification task, using data collected from a laser range finder, is achieved by a machine learning approach based on the logistic regression algorithm. The classification is followed by a probabilistic temporal update of the semantic labels of places. The innovation here is that the new algorithm is able to classify parts of a single laser scan into different semantic labels rather than the conventional approach of gross categorization of locations based on the whole laser scan. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm using a data set available in the public domain. ©2010 IEEE.

Shi, L, Kodagoda, S, Dissanayake, G & IEEE 1970, 'Multi-class Classification for Semantic Labeling of Places', 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL, AUTOMATION, ROBOTICS AND VISION (ICARCV 2010), International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics & Vision, IEEE, Singapore, pp. 2307-2312.
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Human robot interaction is an emerging area of research, where human understandable robotic representations can play a major role. Knowledge of semantic labels of places can be used to effectively communicate with people and to develop efficient navigation solutions in complex environments. In this paper, we propose a new approach that enables a robot to learn and classify observations in an indoor environment using a labeled semantic grid map, which is similar to an Occupancy Grid like representation. Classification of the places based on data collected by laser range finder (LRF) is achieved through a machine learning approach, which implements logistic regression as a multi-class classifier. The classifier output is probabilistically fused using independent opinion pool strategy. Appealing experimental results are presented based on a data set gathered in various indoor scenarios. ©2010 IEEE.

Shrestha, B & Khabbaz, H 1970, 'Improving Reinforced Soil Performance Incorporating Vertical Reinforcement', Ground Improvement and Geosynthetics, GeoShanghai International Conference 2010, American Society of Civil Engineers, Shanghai, China, pp. 249-254.
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Reinforced soils have been widely used in different variety and range of applications. Applying vertical reinforcement along with conventional horizontal reinforcement, a new concept of soil reinforcement, is proposed in this paper. The primary difference between the general practice and the insertion of vertical reinforcement is that the latter provides passive resistance against shearing, making all the layers intact that will increase the strength and stability of the reinforced soil. Different modes of failure can be tackled by this improvement in reinforced soil technology. Vertical reinforcement cages the soils in different units along with layered by horizontal reinforcement and produce intact effects in soil mass. It enhances the tensile strength and provides bending effects. Likewise, implementing vertical reinforcement reduces the induced tensile stresses in horizontal reinforcement, which results in less length. The main objective of the vertical reinforcement is to stitch horizontal reinforcing layers to each other. This paper also presents possible methods of construction process. This technology can add numerous benefits to the current industry of soil reinforcement.

Shujau, M, Ritz, CH & Burnett, IS 1970, 'Speech enhancement via separation of sources from co-located microphone recordings', 2010 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, 2010 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, IEEE, Dallas, TX, pp. 137-140.
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Shujau, M, Ritz, CH & Burnett, IS 1970, 'Using in-air Acoustic Vector Sensors for tracking moving speakers', 2010 4th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems, 2010 4th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS 2010), IEEE, Gold Coast, AUSTRALIA.
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Singh, R, Verma, P & Singh, AK 1970, 'TC-GXML - A Transcoder for HTML to XML Grammar', 2010 International Conference on Data Storage and Data Engineering, 2010 International Conference on Data Storage and Data Engineering (DSDE), IEEE, IEEE, pp. 34-38.
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Sinha, S & Chaczko, Z 1970, 'Socionomics inspired data routing in WSNs', 2010 4th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems, 2010 4th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS 2010), IEEE, Gold Coast, Australia, pp. 1-9.
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A society is typically driven by an economic model to manage demand, debt and distribution that is virtually analogous to the management of data, resources and routing in WSNs. In this paper, the application of such a socio-economic model is formalised as a framework to optimise resource utilisation and collaboration among sensor nodes. A specifically designed simulation platform (WSNSim) has been used to validate the Socionomics framework for WSN. A series of experiments involving the formation of relay points, node vulnerability, packet loss and delivery, and propagation delays, has been performed to demonstrate the scheme by which the framework aids in maximising network lifetime.

Siriteanu, C & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'SIMO detection performance and complexity for correlated and estimated Rician fading with unequal K-factors', APSIPA ASC 2010 - Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference, pp. 440-445.
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This study evaluates the performance of symbol detection and the numerical complexity of implementation for maximal-ratio eigencombining (MREC), also known as eigenbeamforming, for single-input multiple-output (SIMO) wireless communications systems and Rician fading channels. MREC consists of the Karhunen-Loeve transform (KLT) followed by conventional maximal-ratio combining (MRC). The KLT projects the received signal onto dominant eigenvectors, whereas MRC optimizes the symbol-detection signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). An average error probability (AEP) expression is derived for MREC in Rician fading channel with (possibly) unequal K-factors, correlated antennas, and estimated channel state information (CSI). This AEP expression is averaged numerically over lognormal distributions recently reported from measurements for K and azimuth spread (AS). A novel CSI-based MREC adaptation criterion is also studied for suboptimum and optimum CSI estimation methods employing pilot-symbol-aided modulation and interpolation. It is found that the AS and K distributions and correlation have significant effects on MREC performance and complexity. It is also found that, unlike MRC, adaptive MREC can very efficiently match processing resources to the actual link parameters (e.g., AS, K, SNR).

Siriteanu, C, Miyanaga, Y & Blostein, SD 1970, 'Smart antenna performance and complexity for estimated Rician fading with correlated azimuth spread and K-factor', The 2010 International Conference on Green Circuits and Systems, 2010 International Conference on Green Circuits and Systems (ICGCS), IEEE.
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Siriteanu, C, Miyanaga, Y & Blostein, SD 1970, 'Smart antenna performance for correlated azimuth spread Rician K-factor', 2010 4th International Symposium on Communications, Control and Signal Processing (ISCCSP), 2010 4th International Symposium on Communications, Control and Signal Processing (ISCCSP), IEEE.
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Smith, D, Cheng, E & Burnett, IS 1970, 'Musical onset detection using MPEG-7 audio descriptors', 20th International Congress on Acoustics 2010, ICA 2010 - Incorporating Proceedings of the 2010 Annual Conference of the Australian Acoustical Society, pp. 4036-4042.
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An onset detection system that exploits MPEG-7 audio descriptors is proposed in this paper, with investigations into the feasibility of MPEG-7 based onset detection performed across a diverse database of music. Detection functions were developed from both individual MPEG-7 descriptors and combinations of descriptors (joint detection functions). The results indicated that individual descriptors could achieve respectable detection performance (maximum F-measure of 0.753) with basic waveform features. Average detection performance could be improved by up to 11.2%, however, when joint detection functions were comprised of diverse combinations of MPEG-7 descriptors. This may be attributed to the increased capability of detection functions, composed of different spectral and temporal features, in capturing the variation in onset characteristics from different musical styles. It is thus concluded that the proposed onset detection system could be plausibly integrated into an existing MPEG-7 audio analysis system with minimal computational overhead.

Solowski, W, Sheng, D & Sloan, S 1970, 'Explicit stress integration with reduced drift for Barcelona Basic Model', Unsaturated Soils - Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Unsaturated Soils, CRC Press, pp. 1075-1080.
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The paper studies the effectiveness of a drift reduction method in integrating unsaturated soil models. The drift reduction is based on the NI CE (Next Increment Corrects Error) method. The NI CE method can be applied to any explicit stress integration method based on Runge-Kutta method. The performance of the stress integration enhanced by the NICE scheme is demonstrated with the Barcelona Basic Model. Numerical studies in this paper involve the integration of the Barcelona Basic Model with different numbers of strain increments and different sets of model parameters and initial conditions. The improved algorithm does not require any significant computations, thus the drift reduction is virtually accomplished without significant cost. The reduction in the yield surface drift appears to be rather significant, suggesting that under normal circumstances no additional drift correction method is required. © 2011 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

Sriravindrarajah, R, Do, H, Nguyen, L & Aoki, Y 1970, 'Effect of clogging on the water permeability of pervious concrete', Incorporating Sustainable Practice in Mechanics of Structures and Materials - Proceedings of the 21st Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials (ACMSM21), Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, CRC Press, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 873-876.
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Use of pervious concrete for pavement construction provides benefits such as reducing the stormwater run-off and recharging the ground water. This paper discusses the results of an experimental investigation into the effect of pore structure clogging and compaction on the water permeability of pervious concrete. The water permeability of pervious concrete was studied under falling head. The results showed that the clayey materials presence in the percolating water had seriously reduced the water permeability of pervious concrete. High-pressure water cleaning was found to partially recover the water permeability of pervious concrete. Since compaction causes pore structure modification, it should not be used with pervious concrete to ensure high water permeability of pervious concrete.

Su, H, Chen, L, Ye, Y, Sun, Z & Wu, Q 1970, 'A Refinement Approach to Handling Model Misfit in Semi-supervised Learning', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Chongqing, China, pp. 75-86.
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Semi-supervised learning has been the focus of machine learning and data mining research in the past few years. Various algorithms and techniques have been proposed, from generative models to graph-based algorithms. In this work, we focus on the Cluster-and-Label approaches for semi-supervised classification. Existing cluster-and-label algorithms are based on some underlying models and/or assumptions. When the data fits the model well, the classification accuracy will be high. Otherwise, the accuracy will be low. In this paper, we propose a refinement approach to address the model misfit problem in semi-supervised classification. We show that we do not need to change the cluster-and-label technique itself to make it more flexible. Instead, we propose to use successive refinement clustering of the dataset to correct the model misfit. A series of experiments on UCI benchmarking data sets have shown that the proposed approach outperforms existing cluster-and-label algorithms, as well as traditional semi-supervised classification techniques including Selftraining and Tri-training. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.

Su, SW, Nguyen, HT, Ha, QP & IEEE 1970, 'Laboratory Demonstration for Model Predictive Multivariable Control with a Coupled Drive System', 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL, AUTOMATION, ROBOTICS AND VISION (ICARCV 2010), International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision, IEEE, Singapore, pp. 762-767.
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Teaching multivariable control usually involves a certain level of mathematical sophistication and hence requires some labaratorial exemplification of the material given in formal lectures. This paper reports on a hands-on approach to multivariable control education via the implementation of a model predictive controller on a two-input, two output coupled drive apparatus. This scaled-down system represents many industrial processes while provides an excellent set-up for demonstrating the cross-coupled effects in multi-input multi-output systems. Here, a model predictive controller (MPC) is developed and implemented on the basis of a constrained optimization problem to show control performance via the belt tension and velocity outputs, demonstrate the decoupling capability, and also illustrate such issues as control input saturation, the selection of operating point, reference inputs, and system robustness to external disturbance and varying parameters. The implementation is based on Labview and MATLAB Model Predictive Control Toolbox.

Su, Y, Tang, S, Shi, J, Huang, X & Guo, YJ 1970, 'Robust Downlink Precoding in Multiuser MIMO-OFDM Systems with Time-Domain Quantized Feedback', 2010 IEEE Wireless Communication and Networking Conference, Networking Conference (WCNC), IEEE.
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We consider the robust linear precoding (LP) and Tomlinson-Harashima precoding (THP) schemes for multiuser MIMO-OFDM downlink channels with limited feedback. Benefiting from the correlation of spatial channels, the mobile terminal compresses and feeds back the time-domain channel vectors instead of the corresponding frequency-domain vectors to substantially reduce the feedback signalling overhead. A compression and restoration method and a codebook design for channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT) feedback are proposed in the time domain. By treating the partial CSIT as a random quantity, we develop the robust precoders to combat the truncation and quantization errors introduced in the feedback procedure. In comparison with the non-robust designs, both the robust LP and THP have better bit-error rate performance especially in high signal-to-noise ratio region. ©2010 IEEE.

Sun, Y, Ohnuki, K & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'On the use of RSA and DRA to improve the robustness of continuous speech recognition systems in adverse conditions', 2010 10th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, 2010 10th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, pp. 29-33.
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This paper describes a noise-robust feature extraction technique for continuous speech recognition. The proposed method can thus extract speech features in adverse conditions. Our method combines both running spectrum analysis (RSA) and dynamic range adjustment (DRA) and focuses on speech feature adjustment. DRA is deployed after RSA in order to improve speech recognition performance. We use robust speech features to build a continuous-speech recognition model whose effectiveness is proven. Simulation results are provided for 10 dB and 15 dB noise conditions. In various noise conditions, the average recognition rate improves by more than 10% at 10 dB SNR. ©2010 IEEE.

Sutton, GJ, Liu, RP, Yang, X & Collings, IB 1970, 'Modelling Capture Effect for 802.11 DCF under Rayleigh Fading', 2010 IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC 2010 - 2010 IEEE International Conference on Communications, IEEE, Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA.
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Tan, Z, Jamdagni, A, He, X & Nanda, P 1970, 'Network Intrusion Detection based on LDA for payload feature selection', 2010 IEEE Globecom Workshops, 2010 Ieee Globecom Workshops, IEEE, Miami USA, pp. 1545-1549.
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Anomaly Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is a statistical based network IDS which can detect attack variants and novel attacks without a priori knowledge. Current anomaly IDSs are inefficient for real-time detection because of their complex computation. This paper proposes a novel approach to reduce the heavy computational cost of an anomaly IDS. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and difference distance map are used for selection of significant features. This approach is able to transform high-dimensional feature vectors into a low-dimensional domain. The similarity between new incoming packets and a normal profile is determined using Euclidean distance on the simple, low-dimensional feature domain. The final decision will be made according to a pre-calculated threshold to differentiate normal and abnormal network packets. The proposed approach is evaluated using DARPA 1999 IDS dataset. ©2010 IEEE.

Tan, Z, Jamdagni, A, He, X, Nanda, P, Liu, RP, Jia, W & Yeh, W-C 1970, 'A Two-Tier System for Web Attack Detection Using Linear Discriminant Method', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Information and Communications Security, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 459-471.
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Computational cost is one of the major concerns of the commercial Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs). Although these systems are proven to be promising in detecting network attacks, they need to check all the signatures to identify a suspicious attack in the worst case. This is time consuming. This paper proposes an efficient two-tier IDS, which applies a statistical signature approach and a Linear Discriminant Method (LDM) for the detection of various Web-based attacks. The two-tier system converts high-dimensional feature space into a low-dimensional feature space. It is able to reduce the computational cost and integrates groups of signatures into an identical signature. The integration of signatures reduces the cost of attack identification. The final decision is made on the integrated low-dimensional feature space. Finally, the proposed two-tier system is evaluated using DARPA 1999 IDS dataset for webbased attack detection. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.

Tang, M, Wang, W, Jiang, Y, Zhou, Y, Li, J, Cui, P, Liu, Y & Yan, B 1970, 'Birds Bring Flues? Mining Frequent and High Weighted Cliques from Birds Migration Networks', DATABASE SYSTEMS FOR ADVANCED APPLICATIONS, PT II, PROCEEDINGS, 15th International Conference on Database Systems for Advanced Applications, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Tsukuba, JAPAN, pp. 359-369.
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Tapson, J, Hamilton, TJ & van Schaik, A 1970, 'Live demonstration: The self-tuned regenerative electromechanical parametric amplifier', Proceedings of 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems - ISCAS 2010, IEEE, p. 1423.
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We have designed, constructed and tested an electromechanical acoustic sensor as a conceptual model for the active process in the mammalian cochlea. The sensor is based on a mechanical resonator - a stretched latex band - which is tonically (tensionally) modulated by an electromechanical actuator. A feedback circuit senses the motion of the resonator, and modulates its tension at twice the frequency of its motion. An amplifier is thereby formed, which is self-tuned to the circuit's resonance, and which produces gain by regeneration and degenerate parametric pumping. The system is simple in structure; physiologically plausible as a model for the basilar membrane and associated hair cells; and reproduces several well-known features of the cochlear amplifier. ©2010 IEEE.

Tapson, J, Hamilton, TJ & van Schaik, A 1970, 'The self-tuned regenerative electromechanical arametric amplifier: A model for Active amplification in the cochlea', Proceedings of 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems - ISCAS 2010, IEEE, Paris, FRANCE, pp. 1424-1427.
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ten Bhömer, M, Helmes, J, O'Hara, K & van den Hoven, E 1970, '4Photos', Proceedings of the 6th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Extending Boundaries, NordiCHI '10: 6th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, ACM, pp. 52-61.
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In this paper, we describe the iterative design and user study of "4Photos", a multi-screen table centrepiece allowing media content to be shared and enjoyed in a social setting. It was our intention to design an object with the purpose to gather qualitative data concerning the social effects of new ways of democratic, serendipitous and playful photo sharing. To facilitate this we used online photo repository content that most often gets experienced in an individual setting. Using 4Photos we positioned this content within a social setting and observed how the presentation of these images enabled new ways of "phototalk' to arise. We describe the design process, the final concept and reflect upon observed practices that emerged from people's usage of 4Photos. We then present several design implications and discuss future directions for continuation of this research. © 2010 ACM.

Thanigaivelan, B, Hamilton, TJ & Postula, A 1970, 'A comparison of interval methods in symbolic circuit analysis applications', ANZIAM Journal, Australian Mathematical Publishing Association, Inc., pp. 1084-1084.
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Symbolic circuit analysis involves deriving symbolic expressions for performance measures, such as voltage gain, input impedance, and evaluating them to obtain more insight into the behaviour of a circuit. In modern semiconductor technologies, it is more useful to evaluate the symbolic expressions using interval methods in order handle variations in parameter values. We compare the performance of different interval methods in evaluating symbolic expressions. Our experiments show that Generalised Interval Arithmetic is the most efficient method in affne form for our application. However, this method should be modified to suit long chains of computation. Our modification yields tighter interval bounds compared with other interval methods. © Austral. Mathematical Soc. 2011.

Thanigaivelan, B, Postula, A & Hamilton, TJ 1970, 'Live Demo: Affine arithmetic concept based Symbolic Circuit Analyser', Proceedings of 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems - ISCAS 2010, IEEE, p. 2776.
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We implemented a Symbolic Circuit Analysis Software toolbox based on Affine Arithmetic. The toolbox is defined with small signal Affine MOSFET models along with conventional MOSFET models. As a case study the demonstration compares the use of affine models with conventional models in various circuit architectures. The symbolic analysis results are also compared with SPICE analysis results. This demonstration is associated with CAD and other tools for Analog Design track (Track 1.12). ©2010 IEEE.

Thanigaivelan, B, Postula, A, Jin, C, Schaik, AV & Hamilton, TJ 1970, 'Symbolic analysis of the Tau Cell log-domain filter using affine MOSFET models', 2010 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems, APCCAS 2010-2010 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems, IEEE, Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA, pp. 1095-1098.
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Thi, TH, Cheng, L, Zhang, J & Wang, L 1970, 'Implicit Motion-Shape Model: A generic approach for action matching', 2010 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 2010 17th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2010), IEEE, Hong Kong, pp. 1477-1480.
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We develop a robust technique to find similar matches of human actions in video. Given a query video, Motion History Images (MHI) are constructed for consecutive keyframes. This is followed by dividing the MHI into local Motion-Shape regions, which allow

Thi, TH, Cheng, L, Zhang, J, Wang, L & Satoh, S 1970, 'Weakly Supervised Action Recognition Using Implicit Shape Models', 2010 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2010 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), IEEE, Istanbul, pp. 3517-3520.
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In this paper, we present a robust framework for action recognition in video, that is able to perform competitively against the state-of-the-art methods, yet does not rely on sophisticated background subtraction preprocess to remove background features.

Thi, TH, Zhang, J, Cheng, L, Wang, L & Satoh, S 1970, 'Human Action Recognition and Localization in Video Using Structured Learning of Local Space-Time Features', 2010 7th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance, 2010 7th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance (AVSS), IEEE, Boston, MA, pp. 204-211.
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This paper presents a unified framework for human action classification and localization in video using structured learning of local space-time features. Each human action class is represented by a set of its own compact set of local patches. In our approach, we first use a discriminative hierarchical Bayesian classifier to select those space-time interest points that are constructive for each particular action. Those concise local features are then passed to a Support Vector Machine with Principal Component Analysis projection for the classification task. Meanwhile, the action localization is done using Dynamic Conditional Random Fields developed to incorporate the spatial and temporal structure constraints of superpixels extracted around those features. Each superpixel in the video is defined by the shape and motion information of its corresponding feature region. Compelling results obtained from experiments on KTH [22], Weizmann [1], HOHA [13] and TRECVid [23] datasets have proven the efficiency and robustness of our framework for the task of human action recognition and localization in video. © 2010 IEEE.

Tian, L, Pang, D, Yang, Y, Shi, J, Fang, G & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'Subcarrier Allocation for Multicast Services in Multicarrier Wireless Systems with QoS Guarantees', 2010 IEEE Wireless Communication and Networking Conference, Networking Conference (WCNC), IEEE.
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The throughput of conventional multicast transmission in wireless systems is limited by the user with the worst channel quality in the multicast service group. The subcarrier allocation for multicast services in multicarrier systems is a feasible solution to overcome the capacity limitation by exploiting the frequency diversity among subcarriers. However, most of the current subcarrier allocation algorithms are limited to unicast services. In this paper, we propose an optimal subcarrier allocation algorithm for multicast services with Quality of Services (QoS) guarantees. A low-complexity suboptimal algorithm is also proposed, which includes three steps: Conservative Allocation, Greedy Step and Iterative Enhancement. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms significantly outperform the conventional multicast transmission scheme while at the same time guaranteeing the minimum data rates of all users. Moreover, simulation results also show that the performance difference between the optimal and suboptimal algorithms is small. ©2010 IEEE.

Tiwari, M, Agrawal, A, Janyani, V & Rahman, BMA 1970, 'Octave spanning supercontinuum in soft glass equiangular spiral photonic crystal fiber', SPIE Proceedings, International Conference on Fiber Optics and Photonics, SPIE.
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To, AWK, Paul, G & Liu, D 1970, 'Image segmentation for surface material-type classification using 3D geometry information', The 2010 IEEE International Conference on Information and Automation, 2010 International Conference on Information and Automation (ICIA), IEEE, Harbin, China, pp. 1717-1722.
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This paper describes a novel approach for the segmentation of complex images to determine candidates for accurate material-type classification. The proposed approach identifies classification candidates based on image quality calculated from viewing distance and angle information. The required viewing distance and angle information is extracted from 3D fused images constructed from laser range data and image data. This approach sees application in material-type classification of images captured with varying degrees of image quality attributed to geometric uncertainty of the environment typical for autonomous robotic exploration. The proposed segmentation approach is demonstrated on an autonomous bridge maintenance system and validated using gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) features combined with a naive Bayes classifier. Experimental results demonstrate the effects of viewing distance and angle on classification accuracy and the benefits of segmenting images using 3D geometry information to identify candidates for accurate material-type classification. ©2010 IEEE.

Tomamichel, M, Renner, R, Schaffner, C & Smith, A 1970, 'Leftover Hashing against quantum side information', 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory, 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory - ISIT, IEEE, Austin, USA, pp. 2703-2707.
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The Leftover Hash Lemma states that the output of a two-universal hash function applied to an input with sufficiently high entropy is almost uniformly random. In its standard formulation, the lemma refers to a notion of randomness that is (usually implicitly) defined with respect to classical side information. Here, we prove a (strictly) more general version of the Leftover Hash Lemma that is valid even if side information is represented by the state of a quantum system. Furthermore, our result applies to arbitrary δ-almost two-universal families of hash functions. The generalized Leftover Hash Lemma has applications in cryptography, e.g., for key agreement in the presence of an adversary who is not restricted to classical information processing. © 2010 IEEE.

Tornero, JLG, Weily, AR & Guo, YJ 1970, 'Non-Standard tapering of leaky-wave antennas in hybrid technology', 2010 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2010 IEEE International Symposium Antennas and Propagation and CNC-USNC/URSI Radio Science Meeting, IEEE.
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This paper illustrates for the first time the ability of leaky-wave antennas (LWAs) [1] in hybrid waveguide printed-circuit technology [2] to provide non-standard simultaneous tapering of the phase and the leakage rate of the constituent leakymode. This unusual tapering allows synthesis of broadbeam radiation patterns with high rejection out of the prescribed beamwidth [3], high efficiency focusing near field patterns [3,4] , or highly directive conformal antennas [5]. The proposed hybrid technology offers a much simpler and more flexible mechanism to design this unusual type of tapered LWAs, if compared to LWAs in pure waveguide [3] or pure printed-circuit [4-5] technologies. © 2010 IEEE.

Tran, D, Buchanan, L & Nghiem, L 1970, 'Improved Gridding Technique for Coupling Geomechanics to Reservoir Flow', SPE Journal, Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE), pp. 64-75.
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SummaryThe application of geomechanics in reservoir flow simulation has increased substantially since it was recognized that the modeling of geomechanical effects was necessary to predict important phenomena such as compaction, subsidence, wellbore failure. However, its application is strongly limited because of the use of a single-grid system for both reservoir flow and geomechanics deformation. In the case of a large field-scale simulation, the use of a single-grid system gives rise to an extremely large number of gridblocks. On one hand, for an accurate modeling of fluid flow, the gridblocks need to be reasonably small around wells and sharp fronts. Yet, these small gridblocks may not be essential for geomechanics computations. On the other hand, accurate geomechanics calculations may require many gridblocks in the overburden, underburden, and sideburden (country rock) that are not necessary for fluid flow. In this work, a dual-grid technique is combined with an iterative coupling method to resolve the problem. In this dual-grid technique, the reservoir flow grid and the geomechanics grid are distinct in order to model efficiently both fluid flow phenomena and geomechanics deformations. A method to couple the two grid systems is described. The use of this grid coupling approach reduces the simulation run time substantially with results that are very close to the single-grid method. A series of examples illustrating the application of this dual-grid concept and the corresponding runtime reduction are described.

Tran, T & Ha, QP 1970, 'Distributed Model Predictive Control for Complex Interconnection Systems', 2010 IEEE RIVF International Conference on Computing & Communication Technologies, Research, Innovation, and Vision for the Future (RIVF), Communication Technologies, Research, Innovation, and Vision for the Future (RIVF), IEEE, Hanoi Vietnam, pp. 284-289.
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This paper presents a new communication-based distributed model predictive control (DMPC) scheme for spatially coupled systems based on linear matrix inequalities (LMI). The large-scale system in discussion is formed by several interconnected subsystems with mixed structures connected in parallel, serial and cycle configurations. Each subsystem is regulated by a dedicated model predictive controller (MPC). These local controllers communicate with their interconnected partners to update the coupling information for their online optimisation problems. An interconnection stability condition based on the dissipative systems theory is derived, taking the coupling effects into consideration. The stability condition is then converted into dynamic stability constraints for individual MPCs in a distributed manner. Upon their satisfaction, the closed-loop large-scale system with these distributed MPCs is stabilised accordingly. The main results are illustrated in simulation for a three-unit system. ©2010 IEEE.

Tran, T, Nguyen, HT, Ha, QP & IEEE 1970, 'Stability of Complex Systems with Mixed Connection Configurations under Shared Control', 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL, AUTOMATION, ROBOTICS AND VISION (ICARCV 2010), Int. Conf. Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision, IEEE, Singapore, pp. 512-517.
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This paper presents a new stabilizing method for the control of complex systems operating in semi-automatic modes. The complex system is modeled by several spatially-coupled subsystems interconnected in parallel, serial and cycle configurations. Each subsystem is regulated by a dedicated autonomous controller that also allows for a manual control mode. An interconnection stability condition which takes the couplings between subsystems into consideration is derived from the renowned dissipative systems theory. Built upon this stability condition, decentralized stabilizing agents for autonomous controllers are subsequently deployed independently and segregatedly from the control algorithms. Due to this independence, human errors from man-machine interactions, that may destabilize the control systems, can be avoidable; also different types of control algorithms and controllers of subsystems are interoperable with the same stabilizing mechanism. To accomplish such tasks simultaneously, the stabilizing agents render overriding outputs for the automatic controllers, and at the same time, provide instability warning signals and manipulation guidance to the operators to successfully regulate the subsystems in the manual control mode, yet maintain the plant-wide stability. Real-time data of control inputs and plant outputs is exerted under the auspices of controller dissipativity indices and trajectories to stabilize the systems with closed-loop control and man-in-the-loop coexistence. Our main results are illustrated in simulation for a three-unit system. ©2010 IEEE.

Tran, Y, Craig, A, Wijesuriya, N & Hung Nguyen 1970, 'Improving classification rates for use in fatigue countermeasure devices using brain activity', 2010 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology, 2010 32nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC 2010), IEEE, Buenos Aires, Argentina, pp. 4460-4463.
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Fatigue can be defined as a state that involves psychological and physical tiredness with a range of symptoms such as tired eyes, yawning and increased blink rate. It has major implications for work place and road safety as well as a negative symptom of many acute and chronic illnesses. As such there has been considerable research dedicated to systems or algorithms that can be used to detect and monitor the onset of fatigue. This paper examines using electroencephalography (EEG) signals to classify fatigue and alert states as a function of subjective self-report, driving performance and physiological symptoms. The results show that EEG classification network for fatigue improved from 75% to 80% when these factors are applied, especially when the data is grouped by subjective self-report of fatigue with classification accuracy improving to 84.5%.

Trianni, A & Trucco, P 1970, 'Competitiveness of small-medium reactors: A probabilistic analysis capital cost', International Congress on Advances in Nuclear Power Plants 2010, ICAPP 2010, pp. 2213-2221.
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The near-term deployment of nuclear reactors is strongly related to the perception of decision makers of the economical convenience of this kind of investment, characterized by being capital intensive. Nonetheless, there are some doubts regarding the cost of future installations, also considering the delays in which some Gen-III PWRs incurred. Analyzing available data on capital cost, the major plant's life-cycle-cost component, this paper firstly shows that the Three Miles Island accident really represented a bad turnaround, since after that the uncertainty related to the capital cost has dramatically grown: several plants have continued to being built quickly and with costs comparable to the past, others performed (economically) very poorly, mainly due to the high delays for their construction that even took decades. This uncertainty reflects today to the cost estimation of new nuclear units, and consequently to the capital cost of Small Medium Reactors, the Gen-lV Nuclear Power Plants of the mid-term future. The paper deals with this topic, trying to model the uncertainty currently affecting capital cost estimation of past reactors and evaluates its impact on the competitiveness assessment of new NPPs. Several scenarios involving Small Medium Reactors have been tested, in comparison with the Large Reactor option by means of the INCAS model. Reasonable values and distributions have been assumed from literature for all the needed parameters and the electricity wholesale prices. The competitiveness of Small Medium Reactors have been evaluated with a Monte Carlo method using the following economical competitiveness indexes: Net Present Value, financial exposure, project balance, leverage. Final results show that, under certain assumptions, Small Medium Reactors prove to be competitive, not only considering the smoother project balance and shorter leverage, even with an inferior Net Present Value, but especially the uncertainty reduction of these financial indicators.

Tuxworth, G, Meedeniya, A & Blumenstein, M 1970, 'Segmentation of Inter-neurons in Three Dimensional Brain Imagery', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 145-152.
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Segmentation of neural cells in three dimensional fluorescence microscopy images is a challenging image processing problem. In addition to being important to neurobiologists, accurate segmentation is a vital component of an automated image processing system. Due to the complexity of the data, particularly the extreme irregularity in neural cell shape, generic segmentation techniques do not perform well. This paper presents a novel segmentation technique for segmenting neural cells in three dimensional images. Accuracy rates of over 90% are reported on a data set of 100 images containing over 130 neural cells and subsequently validated using a novel data set of 64 neurons. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.

van Schaik, A, Jin, C, McEwan, A & Hamilton, TJ 1970, 'A log-domain implementation of the Izhikevich neuron model', Proceedings of 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems - ISCAS 2010, IEEE, pp. 4253-4256.
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We present an implementation of the Izhikevich neuron model which uses two first-order log-domain low-pass filters and two translinear multipliers. The neuron consists of a leaky-integrate-and-fire core, a slow adaptive state variable and quadratic positive feedback. Simulation results show that this neuron can emulate different spiking behaviours observed in biological neurons. ©2010 IEEE.

van Schaik, A, Jin, C, McEwan, A, Hamilton, TJ, Mihalas, S & Niebur, E 1970, 'A log-domain implementation of the Mihalas-Niebur neuron model', Proceedings of 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems - ISCAS 2010, IEEE, pp. 4249-4252.
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We present an electronic neuron that uses first-order log-domain low-pass filters to implement the Mihalas-Niebur model. The neuron consists of a leaky-integrate-and-fire core and building blocks to implement an adaptive threshold and spike induced currents. Simulation results show that this modular neuron can emulate different spiking behaviours observed in biological neurons. ©2010 IEEE.

Verma, P, Singh, R, Singh, AK, Yadav, V & Pandey, A 1970, 'An enhanced speech-based Internet browsing system for visually challenged', 2010 International Conference on Computer and Communication Technology (ICCCT), 2010 International Conference on Computer and Communication Technology (ICCCT), IEEE, IEEE, pp. 724-730.
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Vessalas, K, Ray, AS, Thomas, P, Joyce, PA & Haggman, J 1970, 'Pitchstone Fines: A New Inorganic Binder For Portland Cement-Based Construction Products', Proceedings of the 12th International Inorganic-Bonded Fiber Composites Conference, International Inorganic-Bonded Fiber Composites Conference, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark, pp. 39-47.
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The findings of this investigation into the performance pitchstone fines (PF) sourced from a naturally occurring pitchstone deposit in Queensland Australia as a potential pozzolanic supplementary cementitious material (SCM) are reported. 50 mm mortar cubes were prepared by replacement of 20% of the Portland cement (PC) with PF and PF blended with silica fume (SF) in a 1:1 ratio. Mortar cubes were also prepared with a 20% PC substitution level using fly ash (FA) and FA blended with SF also in a 1:1 ratio for comparison as the SCM. Control mortar cubes without PC substitution were also prepared. The compressive strength results for PF blended mortars were comparable to FA mortars, were within 75% of the control mortar at 7 and 28 days and approached the strength of the control mortar at 91 days curing. PF and FA blends containing SF produced compressive strength which surpassed the control mortar. Drying shrinkage measurements are also reported for up to 28 days storage in air. The PF mortar was found to have comparable shrinkage to the control mortar; the shrinkage of the FA mortar was found to be significantly greater. The differences were attributed to the particle shape, angularity and size resulting in greater capillary forces in the FA mortars resulting in greater shrinkage.

Voinov, A 1970, ''Integronsters' and the special role of data', Modelling for Environment's Sake: Proceedings of the 5th Biennial Conference of the International Environmental Modelling and Software Society, iEMSs 2010, pp. 1139-1149.
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In many cases model integration treats models as software components only, ignoring the fluid relationship between models and reality, the evolving nature of models and their constant modification and re-calibration. As a result, with integrated models we find increased complexity, where changes that used to impact only relatively contained models of subsystems, now propagate throughout the whole integrated system. This makes it harder to keep the overall complexity under control and, in a way, defeats the purpose of modularity, when efficiency is supposed to be gained from independent development of modules. Treating models only as software in solving the integration challenge may give birth to 'integronsters' - constructs that are perfectly valid as software products but ugly and useless as models. We argue that one possible remedy is to learn to use data as modules and integrate them into the models. Then the data that are available for module calibration can serve as an intermediate linkage tool, sitting between modules and providing a moduleindependent baseline dynamics, which is then incremented when scenarios are to be run. In this case it is not the model output that is directed into the next model input, but model output is presented as a variation around the baseline trajectory, and it is this variation that is then fed into the next module down the chain. The Chesapeake Bay Program suite of models is used to illustrate these problems and the possible solutions.

Wang, JC-P, Hagelstein, B & Abolhasan, M 1970, 'Experimental Evaluation of IEEE 802.11s Path Selection Protocols in a Mesh Testbed', 2010 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SIGNAL PROCESSING AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS (ICSPCS), International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems, IEEE, Gold Coast, Australia, pp. 1-3.
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IEEE 802.11s is an upcoming standard that defines how wireless devices can interconnect in a multi-hop configuration. While there are several protocol stacks based on the IEEE 802.11s draft standard, there has not been a formal study or comparison examining their practical performance. This paper evaluates the routing performance of open80211s in a real-world mesh testbed. The experiments benchmark open80211s against two established network layer routing protocols - OLSR and B.A.T.M.A.N.. The experimental results show that open80211s does not outperform existing routing protocols in practice. This indicates that more design and development effort is required for IEEE 802.11s to yield the performance that is expected for an IEEE standard protocol. ©2010 IEEE.

Wang, L, Cheng, L, Thi, TH & Zhang, J 1970, 'Human Action Recognition from Boosted Pose Estimation', 2010 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications, 2010 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications (DICTA), IEEE, Sydney, NSW, pp. 308-313.
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This paper presents a unified framework for recognizing human action in video using human pose estimation. Due to high variation of human appearance and noisy context background, accurate human pose analysis is hard to achieve and rarely employed for the task of action recognition. In our approach, we take advantage of the current success of human detection and view invariability of local feature-based approach to design a pose-based action recognition system. We begin with a frame-wise human detection step to initialize the search space for human local parts, then integrate the detected parts into human kinematic structure using a tree structural graphical model. The final human articulation configuration is eventually used to infer the action class being performed based on each single part behavior and the overall structure variation. In our work, we also show that even with imprecise pose estimation, accurate action recognition can still be achieved based on informative clues from the overall pose part configuration. The promising results obtained from action recognition benchmark have proven our proposed framework is comparable to the existing state-of-the-art action recognition algorithms.

Wang, S, Du, R, Wu, Q & He, X 1970, 'Adaptive Stick-Like Features for Human Detection Based on Multi-scale Feature Fusion Scheme', 2010 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications, 2010 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications (DICTA), IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 375-380.
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Human detection has been widely used in many applications. In the meantime, it is still a difficult problem with many open questions due to challenges caused by various factors such as clothing, posture and etc. By investigating several benchmark methods and frameworks in the literature, this paper proposes a novel method which successfully implements the Real AdaBoost training procedure on multi-scale images. Various object features are exposed on multiple levels. To further boost the overall performance, a fusion scheme is established using scores obtained at various levels which integrates decision results with different scales to make the final decision. Unlike other score-based fusion methods, this paper re-formulates the fusion process through a supervised learning. Therefore, our fusion approach can better distinguish subtle difference between human objects and non-human objects. Furthermore, in our approach, we are able to use simpler weak features for boosting and hence alleviate the training complexity existed in most of AdaBoost training approaches. Encouraging results are obtained on a well recognized benchmark database. © 2010 IEEE.

Wang, W, Zhang, J & Shen, C 1970, 'Improved human detection and classification in thermal images', 2010 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 2010 17th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2010), IEEE, Hong Kong, pp. 2313-2316.
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We present a new method for detecting pedestrians in thermal images. The method is based on the Shape Context Descriptor (SCD) with the Adaboost cascade classifier framework. Compared with standard optical images, thermal imaging cameras offer a clear advantage for night-time video surveillance. It is robust on the light changes in day-time. Experiments show that shape context features with boosting classification provide a significant improvement on human detection in thermal images. In this work, we have also compared our proposed method with rectangle features on the public dataset of thermal imagery. Results show that shape context features are much better than the conventional rectangular features on this task.

Wang, X, Wang, Z, Xu, X, Liu, A & Chu, D 1970, 'A Service Composition Approach for the Fulfillment of Temporally Sequential Requirements', 2010 6th World Congress on Services, 2010 IEEE Congress on Services (SERVICES), IEEE, pp. 559-565.
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Traditional service composition approaches focus on selecting and composing multiple service components together to fulfill one single requirement. But in most real-world scenarios, there are multiple requirements raised by multiple consumers and they form a discrete and uneven flow (i.e., a temporal sequence). Due to the limited number of available services and their limited capacities, how to ensure the equilibrium between the satisfaction degrees of these temporally sequential requirements becomes an important issue to be addressed. This paper proposes an equilibrium-oriented service composition approach taking into account both the limitedness of service capacity and utilization of historical data. The temporal sequential requirements are divided gradually along with the formation of length-flexible time-segments one by one. Based on this segmentation, service capacity is preserved proportionally for the estimated future requirements, and multiple requirements within one segment are ensured to get relatively equal chances of being satisfied with relatively equal quality. Experiments reveal improved sustainability and superior temporal stability of service quality compared with applying traditional methods to this scenario. © 2010 IEEE.

Wang, Y, Zhu, J, Guo, Y, Li, Y & Xu, W 1970, 'Torque ripples and estimation performance of high frequency signal injection based sensorless PMSM drive strategies', 2010 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, 2010 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), IEEE, Altanta, USA, pp. 1699-1706.
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The developed nonlinear permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) model established a virtual model to simulate and assess the sensorless drive schemes for PMSMs avoiding the experimental trial and error method. In this paper, three sensorless PMSM drive schemes are investigated and compared, which are all based on the high frequency signal injection. The nonlinear PMSM machine model is employed to accurately simulate the machine performance and to analytically assess the efficiency of the sensorless algorithm. Both the structural and saturation saliencies are incorporated in this comprehensive model. The comparison of the machine torque ripples induced by excitation signals are carried out. The magnitude of injected signal and recordable rotor position information are considered together as the efficiency of the estimation algorithm. Additionally, the implementation and signal process computing costs are considered for all the schemes. Finally, a comprehensive comparison of all the methods is developed.

Wang, Y, Zhu, J, Guo, Y, Li, Y, Xu, W, Hu, J & Wang, S 1970, 'Modelling of surface mounted PM machines incorporating saturation saliency and frequency variation', AUPEC 2010 - 20th Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference: 'Power Quality for the 21st Century', Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, IEEE, Christchurch, New Zealand, pp. 1-6.
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In this paper a comprehensive magnetic model is developed for a surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine (SPMSM) considering both the structural and the saturation saliencies to enable the numerical simulation of new rotor position detection algorithms. With an identifiable parameter matrix, a numerical nonlinear inductance model is proposed, in which the rotor position and the stator current are taken as two independent variables. Additionally, the stator current frequency is taken as another factor of the inductances and the inductances for different frequencies are investigated. After experimentally identifying out all the parameters, a nonlinear mathematic model of SPMSM is built up based on the new magnetic inductance function. Finite element method (FEM) based calculation and simulation results are used to verify the proposed nonlinear magnetic model.

Wang, Y, Zhu, J, Wang, S, Guo, Y, Li, Y & Xu, W 1970, 'Analytical nonlinear model for permanent magnet synchronous machine incorporating saturation saliencies', 2010 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, ICEMS2010, International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, IEEE, Incheon, pp. 1014-1019.
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This paper investigates the nonlinear model of the permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs). In order to incorporate the structural and saturation saliencies, two parameters are defined to indicate the saturation ratios. An analytical model is derived and the inductance matrix is expressed in both stationary and rotating reference frames, respectively. An incremental inductance measure system is established, on which a real PMSM is tested and numerically simulated. The nonlinear inductance matrix is deduced and expressed by a nonlinear function, regressed from the experimental collected data. Based on the magnetic parameters observed from the prototype, the estimated inductance curves are compared with the experimentally measured curves. Finite Element Method (FEM) is also applied to verify the developed mathematic model. Finally, simulations and experiments are carried out to verify the proposed model. The results show that the proposed method can be applied to analytically express the machine nonlinearity.

Wang, Y-K, Pal, NR, Lin, C-T & Chen, S-A 1970, 'Analyzing effect of distraction caused by dual-tasks on sharing of brain resources using SOM', The 2010 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), 2010 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), IEEE.
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Drivers' distraction is widely recognized as a leading cause of car accidents. To investigate the distracting effect of dual-tasks involving driving and answering mathematical equations in the stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) conditions, we design five different cases: two cases involving single-tasks and three cases involving dual-tasks. We have found that there is no statistically significant change in the behavioral data among the three dual-tasks. This raises an important question - is there any detectable effect of the dual tasks on the brain waves? To answer this, we use the Self-Organizing Map (SOM) to recognize the changes, if any, in the Electroencephalography (EEG) dynamics associated with such dual-tasks. Our SOM analysis based on independent components corresponding to EEG signals extracted from Frontal and Motor areas revealed that single- and dual-tasks have distinguishable signatures in the EEG signals. Specifically, each of the two single-task conditions is clustered in a distinct spatial area of the map. Two of the dual-tasks also exhibit distinct spatial clusters, while the third case although shows differences from the other two, the neurons corresponding to this case are sub-clustered reflecting the fact that different subjects may give different priorities to the tasks when confronted with two tasks simultaneously. SOM-based exploratory analysis reveals the existence of distinct EEG signatures among the distracting and non-distracting tasks, although there is no any noticeable difference in the behavioral data among these cases. © 2010 IEEE.

Wang, Z, Dissanayake, G & IEEE 1970, 'Map-aided 6-DOF Relative Pose Estimation for Monocular SLAM using Sparse Information Filters', 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL, AUTOMATION, ROBOTICS AND VISION (ICARCV 2010), Int. Conf. Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision, IEEE, Singapore, pp. 1006-1011.
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This paper addresses the problem of mapping three dimensional environments from a sequence of images taken by a calibrated camera, and simultaneously generating the camera motion trajectory. This is the Monocular SLAM problem in robotics, and is akin to the Structure from Motion (SFM) problem in computer vision. We present a novel map-aided 6-DOF relative pose estimation method based on a new formulation of the Monocular SLAM that is able to provide better initial estimates of new camera poses than the simple triangulation traditionally used in this context. The '6-DOF' means relative to the map which itself is up to an unobservable scale. The proposed pose estimator also allows more effective outlier rejection in matching features present in the map and features extracted from two consecutive images. Our Monocular SLAM algorithm is able to deal with arbitrary camera motion, making the smooth motion assumption, which is required by the typically used constant velocity model, unnecessary. In the new Monocular SLAM formulation, the measurements of extracted features from images are partitioned into those used for the estimation of the environment and those used for estimating the camera motion. The new formulation enables the current map estimate to aid achieving the full 6-DOF relative pose estimation up to the mapping scale while maximally exploiting the geometry information in images. Experiment results are provided to verify the proposed algorithm.

Wei Ni, Wendong Xiao, Yue Khing Toh & Chen Khong Tham 1970, 'Fingerprint-MDS based algorithm for indoor wireless localization', 21st Annual IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 2010 IEEE 21st International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications - (PIMRC 2010), IEEE, TURKEY, Istanbul, pp. 1972-1977.
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Wei Ni, Zhuo Chen, Collings, IB & Suzuki, H 1970, 'Sum-rate scheduling of decode-and-forward broadcast channel with limited-feedback', 21st Annual IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 2010 IEEE 21st International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications - (PIMRC 2010), IEEE, Istanbul, TURKEY, pp. 2460-2465.
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Wei, B, Jin, Z & Zowghi, D 1970, 'Knowledge Merging under Multiple Attributes', KNOWLEDGE SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT, Knowledge Science, Engineering and Management, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Belfast, Northern Ireland, pp. 555-560.
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Knowledge merging is the process of synthesizing multiple knowledge models into a common model. Available methods concentrate on resolving conflicting knowledge. While, we argue that besides the inconsistency, some other attributes may also affect the resulting knowledge model. This paper proposes an approach for knowledge merging under multiple attributes, i.e. Consistency and Relevance. This approach introduces the discrepancy between two knowledge models and defines different discrepancy functions for each attribute. An integrated distance function is used for assessing the candidate knowledge models.

Wei, D, Huang, J, Zhang, A, Jiang, Z, Tieu, AK, Shi, X & Jiao, S 1970, 'Friction, surface roughness and oxide scale deformation during hot rolling of stainless steels', Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Steel Rolling.
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A well-defined boundary condition is vital for generating an accurate model for simulating metal forming process. Sticking occurs frequently during hot rolling of stainless steels, especially for rolling ferritic stainless steels, which causes surface defects on the rolled steel products and scoring on the roll surface. It is important to characterize the features of the oxide scale in hot rolling of stainless steel strip, but few studies have been carried out. This paper focuses on the deformation of oxide scale and rollstrip interface characteristics in hot rolling of austenitic stainless steel 301 and ferritic stainless steel 430. Short time oxidation tests in humid air with water vapor content of 7.0 vol. % were carried out using Gleeble 3500 thermo-mechanical simulator, and the oxidation characteristic of 301 and 430 steels was obtained. The deformation, surface morphology of oxide scale of the two steels, and the friction in hot rolling were studied by conducting hot rolling tests. Thick oxide scale of 301 steel shows high lubricative effect. The breaking of thin oxide scales of 430 steel makes the steel substrate to contact the roll, which countacts the lubricative effect of oxide scale, and results in increase of friction coefficients with an increase of reduction.

Wei, DB, Huang, JX, Zhang, AW, Jiang, ZY, Tieu, AK, Wu, F, Shi, X & Jiao, SH 1970, 'Experimental Study on the Deformation of Oxide Scale and Friction during Hot Rolling of Stainless Steel 304L', Advanced Materials Research, International Conference on Manufacturing Science and Engineering (ICMSE 2009), Trans Tech Publications, Ltd., Zhuhai, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 412-415.
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Contact friction is of crucial importance for the accurate modelling, optimum design and control of industrial rolling processes. Hot rolling tests were carried out to investigate the deformation of oxide scale and friction during hot rolling of stainless steel 304L. The morphology of oxide scale layer and the surface roughness transfer under the conditions of hot rolling were obtained. The friction condition at the roll-strip interface was determined.

Weng, K, Turk, B, Dolores, L, Nguyen, TN, Celler, B, Su, S & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Fast tracking of a given heart rate profile in treadmill exercise', 2010 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC'10, pp. 2569-2572.
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This paper investigates the application of a multi-loop PID controller in an automated treadmill exercise machine. The approach is to design a computer-controlled treadmill control system for the regulation of heart rate (HR) during treadmill exercise. A single-input and multiple-output (SIMO) controller was implemented to fast track a given heart rate profile in treadmill exercise. Two separate single-input and single-output (SISO) PID control systems are initially implemented to modify either the treadmill speed or its angle of inclination in order to achieve a desired HR. The purpose of this paper is to apply a SIMO control system by implementing a control algorithm which includes the two PID controllers working simultaneously to track the desired HR profile. The performance of the SIMO and SISO control systems are compared through the closed loop responses recorded during experimentation. This would also help future development of safe treadmill exercise system. © 2010 IEEE.

Wilde, MM & Hsieh, M 1970, 'Trading Resources in Quantum Communication', The 10th Asian Conference on Quantum Information Science (AQIS10), Tokyo, Japan.

Willey, K & Gardner, AP 1970, 'Collaborative Peer Learning to Change Learning Culture and Develop the Skills for Lifelong Professional Practice', Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference for the Australasian Association for Engineering Education, Annual Conference of Australasian Association for Engineering Education, University of Technology, Sydney, Sydney, Australia, pp. 222-229.
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Engineers today are often required to make critical judgements involving decisions that extend beyond traditional discipline boundaries requiring ongoing learning, much of which is informal, learnt on the job from peers who are often from different disciplines. To prepare students for professional practice, they need opportunities to experience, practise, reflect and improve their ability to work in a collaborative environment. The University of Technology, Sydney teaches an undergraduate engineering science programme in Hong Kong. The authors have found it initially difficult to get students to participate in collaborative learning activities and in particular those that involved students in using their own judgement or critical analysis. In response, the authors redesigned their course to integrate collaborative peer learning activities into all areas of the curriculum including collaborative problem solving exercises that are subsequently assessed through a series of first individual then collaborative quizzes (using the immediate feedback assessment techniques (IF-AT)) and exams. Initial results from students overwhelmingly showed that the collaborative activities improved their understanding, ability to think through and resolve problems, and the identification and addressing of gaps in their learning. This approach has potential to benefit all engineering students as it prepares students to make the most of the informal collaborative learning opportunities provided in professional practice while simultaneously enhancing their ability to undertake lifelong learning.

Willey, K & Gardner, AP 1970, 'Improving the standard and consistency of multi-tutor grading in large classes', Assessment: Sustainability, Diversity and Innovation. A conference on assessment in higher education 2010, ATN Assessment Conference, Institute for Interactive Media and Learning, University of Technology Sydney, UTS, Sydney, Australia, pp. 88-98.
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For several years the authors have coordinated a large engineering design subject, having a typical cohort of more than 300 students per semester. Lectures are supported by tutorials of approximately 32 students that incorporate a combination of collaborative team and project-based learning activities. Each tutor is responsible for grading the assessment tasks for students in their tutorial. A common issue is how to achieve a consistent standard of marking and student feedback between different tutors. To address this issue the authors have used a number of methods including double-blind marking and/or random re-marking to support consistent grading. However, even when only small variations between the overall grading of different tutors were found, students still complained about a perceived lack of consistency. In this paper we report on an investigation into the use of a collaborative peer learning process among tutors to improve mark standardisation, and marker consistency, and to build tutorsâ expertise and capacity in the provision of quality feedback. We found that studentsâ perceptions of differences in grading were exacerbated by inconsistencies in the language tutors use when providing feedback, and by differences in tutorsâ perceptions of how well individual criterion were met.

Willey, K, Gardner, A & IEEE 1970, 'Perceived Differences in Tutor Grading in Large Classes: Fact or Fiction?', 2010 IEEE FRONTIERS IN EDUCATION CONFERENCE (FIE), 40th Annual Frontiers in Education Conference, IEEE, Arlington, VA.

Wu, D, Lu, J, Zhang, G & Lin, H 1970, 'A fuzzy matching based recommendation approach for mobile products/services', 2010 10th International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications, 2010 10th International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications (ISDA), IEEE, pp. 645-650.
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Due to the huge product assortments and complex descriptions of mobile products/services, it is a great challenge for new customers to select appropriate products. To solve this issue, a fuzzy matching based recommendation approach for mobile products/services is proposed in this paper. In this approach, a new customer's requirements are obtained through asking a set of questions and represented by linguistic terms. When modeling the characteristics of mobile products/services, both their attributes and related users' usage records are considered. A fuzzy matching approach is applied to find the products that are most matched to the customer's requirements. A framework of the recommender system for mobile products/services applying the proposed approach is developed.

Wyeth, P & MacColl, I 1970, 'Noising around', Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children, IDC '10: The 9th International Conference on Interaction Design and Children, ACM.
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Xiao, Y, Liu, B & Cao, L 1970, 'K-farthest-neighbors-based concept boundary determination for support vector data description', Proceedings of the 19th ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management, CIKM '10: International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, ACM, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,, pp. 1701-1704.
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Support vector data description (SVDD) is very useful for one-class classification. However, it incurs high time complexity in handling large scale data. In this paper, we propose a novel and efficient method, named K-Farthest-Neighbors-based Concept Boundary Detection (KFN-CBD for short), to improve the SVDD learning efficiency on large datasets. This work is motivated by the observation that SVDD classifier is determined by support vectors (SVs), and removing the non-support vectors (non-SVs) will not change the classifier but will reduce computational costs. Our approach consists of two steps. In the first step, we propose the K-farthest-neighbors method to identify the samples around the hyper-sphere surface, which are more likely to be SVs. At the same time, a new tree search strategy of M-tree is presented to speed up the K-farthest neighbor query. In the second step, the non-SVs are eliminated from the training set, and only the identified boundary samples are used to train the SVDD classifier. By removing the non-SVs, the training time of SVDD can be substantially reduced. Extensive experiments have shown that KFN-CBD achieves around 6 times speedup compared to the standard SVDD, and obtains the comparable classification quality as the entire dataset used. © 2010 ACM.

Xiao, Y, Liu, B, Cao, L, Yin, J & Wu, X 1970, 'SMILE: A Similarity-Based Approach for Multiple Instance Learning', 2010 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining, 2010 IEEE 10th International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM), IEEE, Sydney, NSW, Australia, pp. 589-598.
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Multiple instance learning (MIL) is a generalization of supervised learning which attempts to learn useful information from bags of instances. In MIL, the true labels of the instances in positive bags are not always available for training. This leads to a critical challenge, namely, handling the ambiguity of instance labels in positive bags. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel MIL method named SMILE (Similarity-based Multiple Instance LEarning). It introduces a similarity weight to each instance in positive bag, which represents the instance similarity towards the positive and negative classes. The instances in positive bags, together with their similarity weights, are thereafter incorporated into the learning phase to build an extended SVM-based predictive classifier. Experiments on three real-world datasets consisting of 12 subsets show that SMILE achieves markedly better classification accuracy than state-of-the-art MIL methods. © 2010 IEEE.

Xiaoming Chen, Shao, KR, Youguang Guo, Jianguo Zhu & Lavers, JD 1970, 'A inverse scattering technique for objects buried in planar layered media based on an Estimation of Distribution Algorithm', Digests of the 2010 14th Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation, 2010 14th Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation (CEFC 2010), IEEE.
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The problem of reconstructing three-dimensional objects buried in layered media is addressed in this paper. A numerical approach which is based on an Estimation of Distribution Algorithm(EDA) is proposed. The reconstruction is obtained from the iterative inversion method that minimizes the cost function by using EDA, where the cost function is defined as the squared magnitude of the difference between the measured fields and the calculated fields from the assumed profile of the object. Numerical result shows these methods are capable of reconstructing an arbitrary 3D inhomogeneous object buried in a multilayered medium. © 2010 IEEE.

Xie, HB, Jiang, ZY, Wei, DB & Tieu, AK 1970, 'Analysis of Edge Crack of Thin Strip during Cold Rolling', Materials Science Forum, 7th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing, Trans Tech Publications, Ltd., Cairns, AUSTRALIA, pp. 222-225.
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Cracks in metal product significantly decrease quality and productivity of the rolled thin strip. In this paper the stress intensity factor (SIF) solution of edge crack defect of thin strip during cold rolling was investigated, and a globe analysis was applied to the problem of free edge of thin strip. The effective stress intensity factor range is important because it represents the major physical cause of crack growth. The present study provides insights of the mechanics of edge crack growth that has been frequently observed during thin strip rolling. The efficiency and reliability of the SIF analytical modelling has been demonstrated. The proposed method for predicting edge crack is useful for producing defect-free products in rolling, and provides insights of the mechanism of edge crack growth.

Xie, HB, Jiang, ZY, Wei, DB, Tieu, AK, Barlat, F, Moon, YH & Lee, MG 1970, 'Study on edge crack propagation during cold rolling of thin strip by FEM', AIP Conference Proceedings, NUMIFORM 2010: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Numerical Methods in Industrial Forming Processes Dedicated to Professor O. C. Zienkiewicz (1921–2009), AIP, Pohang, SOUTH KOREA, pp. 1320-1325.
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Edge crack is one common phenomenon in cold rolling of thin strip which affects qualities of the rolled strip. A three-dimensional elastic-plastic finite element (FE) model for cold flat product rolling has been developed to simulate the edge crack propagation during rolling. Stress field is investigated around the edge crack tip, and the effects of the friction coefficient, the initial crack size, reductions on crack propagation are analysed. The FE simulation provides a better understanding of the crack growth at the edge of thin strip, and could be helpful in developing of cold rolled strip with high performance mechanical properties. The optimum condition to eliminate defects is discussed, and the proposed prediction method of surface defect can be utilised to make defect free products in rolling processes.

Xiong, J, Gui, L, Liu, B & Ge, Y 1970, 'On digital TV broadcasting coverage scheme in carriages of Chinese High Speed Railway', 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB), 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB), IEEE.
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This study introduces a wireless scheme to solve the coverage problem in carriages of Chinese High Speed Railway (CRH) trains. In the proposed scheme, digital TV programs can be retransmitted by CMMB (China Mobile Multimedia Broadcasting) transmitters after being transmitted from the base stations to the trains. The in-car channel profile is analyzed and presented. And the modified linear minimum mean-square error (LMMSE) algorithm proposed by Zheng is adopted to estimate the channel in the CMMB receiver with 2MHz bandwidth. Simulation shows that the CMMB receiver has good reception performance and the proposed broadcasting coverage scheme is feasible.

Xiong, J, Gui, L, Liu, B & Miao, R 1970, 'A Simplified Method to Get the Optimal Coefficients of Lagrange-Constrained Polynomial Interpolators', 2010 International Conference on Communications and Mobile Computing, 2010 International Conference on Communications and Mobile Computing (CMC), IEEE, pp. 119-122.
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This paper presents a simplified algorithm to get the optimal coefficients of Lagrange-constrained polynomial interpolators. The Lagrange-constrained interpolators are widely used in communication systems. They are used to compensate timing offsets in time domain and to recover carrier frequency in frequency domain. There are methods to get the optimal coefficients of Lagrange- constrained polynomial interpolators. However, all these methods are very complicated. The proposed method exploits the correlations between the interpolators' optimal coefficients caused by constraints and the symmetry characteristic. The number of the undefined coefficients, including the optimal coefficients, is efficiently reduced without any degradation of the interpolators' performance1. © 2010 IEEE.

Xu, G, Zong, Y, Dolog, P & Zhang, Y 1970, 'Co-clustering Analysis of Weblogs Using Bipartite Spectral Projection Approach', Knowledge-based And Intelligent Information And Engineering Systems, Pt Iii, 14th International Conference on Knowledge-Based and Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Cardiff, WALES, pp. 398-407.
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Web clustering is an approach for aggregating Web objects into various groups according to underlying relationships among them. Finding co-clusters of Web objects is an interesting topic in the context of Web usage mining, which is able to capture the un

Xu, KC, Jay Guo, Y & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'Swimmer tracking with underwater acoustic networks', 2010 10th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, 2010 10th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, pp. 1045-1049.
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A scheme for positioning swimmers using underwater acoustic networks is proposed. The design and the performance of such a network are presented. Owing to its high accuracy, the spherical interpolation approach is employed as the positioning algorithm. The configuration of the network, namely, the arrangement of anchor nodes in the swimming pool, is optimized to achieve the highest accuracy with the minimum number of nodes and therefore the lowest cost. The simulation study includes both two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) cases in order to understand the variation of positioning estimation accuracy in horizontal and vertical directions. ©2010 IEEE.

Xu, M, Chen, L, He, X, Xu, C & Jin, JS 1970, 'Adaptive local hyperplanes for MTV affective analysis', Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Internet Multimedia Computing and Service, ICIMCS '10: The Second International Conference on Internet Multimedia Computing and Service, ACM, Harbin, China, pp. 167-170.
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Affective analysis attracts increasing attention in multimedia domain since affective factors directly reflect audiences' attention, evaluation and memory. Existing study focuses on mapping low-level affective features to high-level emotions by applying machine learning methods. Therefore, choosing effective features and developing efficient machine learning algorithms become vital for affective analysis. In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of a novel classification approach, called Adaptive Local Hyperplanes (ALH), in affective analysis. The reason ALH is appealing in affective analysis is two-fold. Firstly, affective features are not equally important for emotion categories; ALH inherently assigns feature weights based on discriminative ability of each feature. Secondly, ALH achieves competitive performance with state-of-the-art classifiers (e.g., SVM) while it is designed for multi-class classification. Consequently, it is worthwhile to explore the usage of ALH in affective analysis. MTV data are used in this study. As the first effort of applying ALH to affective analysis, the results presented in this paper provide a foundation for future research in affective analysis. Copyright 2010 ACM.

Xu, W, Zhu, J, Zhang, Y, Dorrell, DG, Guo, Y & IEEE 1970, 'Electromagnetic Optimal Design of a Linear Induction Motor in Linear Metro', IECON 2010 - 36TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS SOCIETY, IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Annual Conference, IEEE, Glendale, AZ, USA, pp. 3067-3072.
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An improved T-model equivalent circuit of a single-sided linear induction machine (SLIM) is proposed. The analysis utilizes a set of one-dimensional air gap flux linkage equations. The model takes longitudinal end and transversal edge effects into consideration. These have to account for primary terminal half-filled slots, secondary back-iron saturation and skin effect in the secondary conducting sheet. In the circuit, several coefficients are obtained by use of the dummy electric potential method in conjunction with consideration of the complex power equivalence between the primary and secondary sides. The coefficients derived include the longitudinal end effect coefficients Kr and Kx, transversal edge effect coefficients Cr and Cx, and skin effect coefficient Kf. The accuracy of the T-model is validated using comparison to a set of measured data under constant current - constant frequency conditions. These were taken from the Intermediate Capacity Transit System (ICTS) in Canada. An optimal design scheme for the SLIM is addressed. The application used for the optimization is a prototype propulsion system in a high temperature superconducting (HTS) maglev drive. The efficiency and primary weight are chosen as optimal objective functions while the thrust, power factor and other performance indexes are calculated.

Xu, W, Zhu, J, Zhang, Y, Guo, Y & Sun, G 1970, 'Steady and dynamic performance analyses of a linear induction machine', The XIX International Conference on Electrical Machines - ICEM 2010, 2010 XIX International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM), IEEE, Rome, Italy, pp. 1-6.
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This paper based on the winding function algorithm presents an improved equivalent circuit to analyze single linear induction motors (SLIMs) applied in the linear metro. The circuit deduced from the air-gap magnetic flux density equations can analyze steady and transient performances considering end effects, half filled slots, saturated iron and skin effect. Firstly several stable cases like constant thrust/power region, constant current constant frequency or variable frequencies, constant voltage constant frequency or variable frequencies are presented in detail. Then, maximal thrust at a given speed is optimized by modifying the optimal slip frequency. Finally, transient characteristics of SLIM under constant current constant frequency are investigated. The results indicate that winding function method is one effective way to study SLIM, especially its end effects. It can be used in the electromagnetic design and performance investigation for SLIM combining relative control schemes.

Yam Prasad, S, Bimal Chhetri, B, Adhikary, B & Bista, D 1970, 'Microcontroller based intelligent DC/DC converter to track Maximum Power Point for solar photovoltaic module', 2010 IEEE Conference on Innovative Technologies for an Efficient and Reliable Electricity Supply, 2010 IEEE Conference on Innovative Technologies for an Efficient and Reliable Electricity Supply, IEEE, pp. 94-101.
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Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is widely used control technique to extract maximum power available from the solar cell of photovoltaic (PV) module. Since the solar cells have non-linear i-v characteristics. The efficiency of PV module is very low and power output depends on solar insolation level and ambient temperature, so maximization of power output with greater efficiency is of special interest. Moreover there is great loss of power due to mismatch of source and load. So, to extract maximum power from solar panel a MPPT needs to be designed. The objective of the paper is to present a novel cost effective and efficient microcontroller based MPPT system for solar photovoltaic system to ensure fast maximum power point operation at all fast changing environmental conditions. The proposed controller scheme utilizes PWM techniques to regulate the output power of boost DC/DC converter at its maximum possible value and simultaneously controls the charging process of battery. Incremental Conductance algorithm is implemented to track maximum power point. For the feasibility study, parameter extraction, model evaluation and analysis of converter system design a MATLAB/Simulink model is demonstrated and simulated for a typical 40W solar panel from Kyocera KC-40 for hardware implementation and verification. Finally, a hardware model is designed and tested in lab at different operating conditions. Further, MPPT system has been tested with Solar Panel at different solar insolation level and temperature. The resulting system has high-efficiency, lower-cost, very fast tracking speed and can be easily modified for additional control function for future use. ©2010 IEEE.

Yang, G, Chen, X, Shao, KR, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Lavers, JD 1970, 'Application of meshless collocation method to solve eddy current magnetic field problems involving conductor movement', Digests of the 2010 14th Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation, 2010 14th Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation (CEFC 2010), IEEE.
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This paper applies the Radial Basis function (RBF) collocation method to compute the eddy current magnetic field coupled with conductor movement. Because of the linear characteristic of the RBF collocation matrix equation, the unknown magnetic vector potential could be easily decoupled and directly expressed in moving coordinate systems without model recast. This offers a great convenience to deal with the conductor movement. Time-domain iteration is constructed to solve the governing equations. And in each iteration step, the magnetic field and kinetic equations are calculated alternately. Two numerical examples, the TEAM workshop problem 28 and a transient coil gun problem are considered to analyze the accuracy and efficiency of this method. © 2010 IEEE.

Yang, J, Wang, Y, Sowmya, A & Li, Z 1970, 'Vehicle detection and tracking with low-angle cameras', 2010 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 2010 17th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2010), IEEE, Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 685-688.
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Yang, J, Wang, Y, Sowmya, A, Zhang, B, Xu, J & Li, Z 1970, 'Affinity Propagation Feature Clustering with Application to Vehicle Detection and Tracking in Road Traffic Surveillance', 2010 7th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance, 2010 7th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance (AVSS), IEEE, pp. 414-419.
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In this paper, we investigate the applicability of the newly proposed data clustering method, affinity propagation, in feature points clustering and the task of vehicle detection and tracking in road traffic surveillance. We propose a model-based temporal association scheme and novel preprocessing and postprocessing operations which together with affinity propagation make a quite successful method for the given task. Our experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our method and its superiority over the state-of-the-art algorithm. © 2010 IEEE.

Yang, T, Cao, L & Zhang, C 1970, 'A Novel Prototype Reduction Method for the K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm with K ≥ 1', Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining - Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, Pacific-Asia Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Hyderabad, India, pp. 89-100.
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In this paper, a novel prototype reduction algorithm is proposed, which aims at reducing the storage requirement and enhancing the online speed while retaining the same level of accuracy for a K-nearest neighbor (KNN) classifier. To achieve this goal, our proposed algorithm learns the weighted similarity function for a KNN classifier by maximizing the leave-one-out cross-validation accuracy. Unlike the classical methods PW, LPD and WDNN which can only work with K>=1, our developed algorithm can work with K>=1. This flexibility allows our learning algorithm to have superior classification accuracy and noise robustness. The proposed approach is assessed through experiments with twenty real world benchmark data sets. In all these experiments, the proposed approach shows it can dramatically reduce the storage requirement and online time for KNN while having equal or better accuracy than KNN, and it also shows comparable results to several prototype reduction methods proposed in literature.

Yang, T, Kecman, V, Cao, L & Zhang, C 1970, 'Combining Support Vector Machines and the t-statistic for Gene Selection in DNA Microarray Data Analysis', Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining - Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, Pacific-Asia Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Hyderabad, India, pp. 55-62.
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This paper proposes a new gene selection (or feature selection) method for DNA microarray data analysis. In the method, the t-statistic and support vector machines are combined efficiently. The resulting gene selection method uses both the data intrinsic information and learning algorithm performance to measure the relevance of a gene in a DNA microarray. We explain why and how the proposed method works well. The experimental results on two benchmarking microarray data sets show that the proposed method is competitive with previous methods. The proposed method can also be used for other feature selection problems.

Yang, T, Vojislav, K, Longbing, C & Chengqi, Z 1970, 'Testing Adaptive Local Hyperplane for multi-class classification by double cross-validation', The 2010 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), 2010 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), IEEE, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 1-5.
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Adaptive Local Hyperplane (ALH) is a recently proposed classifier for the multi-class classification problems and it has shown encouraging performance in many pattern recognition problems. However, ALH's performance over many general classification datasets has only been tested by using a single loop of cross-validation procedure, where the whole datasets are used for both hyper-parameter determination and accuracy estimation. This procedure is appropriate for classifier performance comparison, but the produced results are likely to be optimistic for classifier accuracy estimation on new datasets. In this paper, we test the performance of ALH as well as several other benchmark classifiers by using two loops of cross-validation (a.k.a. double resampling) procedure, where the inner loop is used for hyper-parameter determination and the outer loop is used for accuracy estimation. With such a testing scheme, the classification accuracy of a tested classifier can be evaluated in a more strict way. The experimental results indicate the superior performance of the ALH classifier with respect to the traditional classifiers including Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Classification Tree (Tree) and K-local Hyperplane distance Nearest Neighbor (HKNN). These results imply that the ALH classifier might become a useful tool for the pattern recognition tasks.

Yang, X, Rosberg, Z, Cao, Z & Liu, RP 1970, 'Admission Control for Wireless Mesh Networks Based on Active Neighbor Bandwidth Reservations', 2010 IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC 2010 - 2010 IEEE International Conference on Communications, IEEE, Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA.
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Yang, Y, Cao, L & Liu, L 1970, 'Time-Sensitive Feature Mining for Temporal Sequence Classification', Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 6230 - PRICAI 2010: Trends in Artificial Intelligence, Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Daegu, Korea, pp. 315-326.
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Behavior analysis received much attention in recent year, such as customer-relationship management, social security surveillance and e-business. Discovering high impact-driven behavior patterns is important for detecting and preventing their occurrences and reducing resulting risks and losses to our society. In data mining community, researchers pay little attention to time-stamps in temporal behavior sequences (without explicitly considering inherent temporal information) during classification. In this paper, we propose a novel Temporal Feature Extraction Method - TFEM. It extracts sequential pattern features where each transition is annotated with a typical transition time (its duration or interval). Therefore it substantially enriches temporal characteristics derived from temporal sequences, yielding improvements in performances, as demonstrated by a set of experiments performed on synthetic and real-world datasets. In addition, TFEM has the merit of simplicity in implementation and its pattern-based architecture can generate human-readable results and supply clear interpretability to users. Meanwhile, it is adjustable and adaptive to userâs different configurations, allowing a tradeoff between classification accuracy and time cost.

Yang, Y, Hallman, S, Ramanan, D & Fowlkes, C 1970, 'Layered object detection for multi-class segmentation', 2010 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2010 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), IEEE.
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Yang, Y, Nie, F, Xiang, S, Zhuang, Y & Wang, W 1970, 'Local and Global Regressive Mapping for manifold learning with out-of-sample extrapolation', Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 24th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), ASSOC ADVANCEMENT ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, Atlanta, GA, pp. 649-654.
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Over the past few years, a large family of manifold learning algorithms have been proposed, and applied to various applications. While designing new manifold learning algorithms has attracted much research attention, fewer research efforts have been focused on out-of-sample extrapolation of learned manifold. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm of manifold learning. The proposed algorithm, namely Local and Global Regressive Mapping (LGRM), employs local regression models to grasp the manifold structure. We additionally impose a global regression term as regularization to learn a model for out-of-sample data extrapolation. Based on the algorithm, we propose a new manifold learning framework. Our framework can be applied to any manifold learning algorithms to simultaneously learn the low dimensional embedding of the training data and a model which provides explicit mapping of the out-of-sample data to the learned manifold. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed framework uncover the manifold structure precisely and can be freely applied to unseen data. Copyright © 2010, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (www.aaai.org). All rights reserved.

Yazdani, D, Golyari, S & Meybodi, MR 1970, 'A new hybrid algorithm for optimization based on artificial fish swarm algorithm and cellular learning automata', 2010 5th International Symposium on Telecommunications, 2010 5th International Symposium on Telecommunications (IST), IEEE, pp. 932-937.
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In this article, a new algorithm which is obtained by hybridizing cellular learning automata and artificial fish swarm algorithm (AFSA) is proposed for optimization in continuous and static environments. In the proposed algorithm, each dimension of search space is assigned to one cell of cellular learning automata and in each cell a swarm of artificial fishes are located which have the optimization duty of that specific dimension. In fact, in the proposed algorithm for optimizing D-dimensional space, there are D one-dimensional swarms of artificial fishes that each swarm is located in one cell and they contribute with each other to optimize the D-dimensional search space. The learning automata in each cell is responsible for making diversity in artificial fishes swarm of that dimension and equivalence between global search and local search processes. The proposed algorithm with standard AFSA, Cooperative Particle swarm optimization (PSO) and global version of PSO in 10 and 30-dimensional spaces are practiced on six standard fitness functions. Experimental results show that presented method has an acceptable performance. © 2010 IEEE.

Yazdani, D, Golyari, S & Meybodi, MR 1970, 'A new hybrid approach for data clustering', 2010 5th International Symposium on Telecommunications, 2010 5th International Symposium on Telecommunications (IST), IEEE, pp. 914-919.
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Data clustering has been applied in multiple fields such as machine learning, data mining, wireless sensor networks and pattern recognition. One of the most famous clustering approaches is K-means which effectively has been used in many clustering problems, but this algorithm has some problems such as local optimal convergence and initial point sensitivity. Artificial fishes swarm algorithm (AFSA) is one of the swarm intelligent algorithms and its major application is in solving optimization problems. Of its characteristics, it can refer to high convergent rate and insensitivity to initial values. In this paper a hybrid clustering method based on artificial fishes swarm algorithm and K-means so called KAFSA is proposed. In the proposed algorithm, K-means algorithm is used as one of the behaviors of artificial fishes in AFSA. The proposed algorithm has been tested on five data sets and its efficiency was compared with particle swarm optimization (PSO), K-means and standard AFSA algorithms. Experimental results showed that proposed approach has suitable and acceptable efficacy in data clustering. © 2010 IEEE.

Yazdani, D, Nadjaran Toosi, A & Meybodi, MR 1970, 'Fuzzy Adaptive Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 334-343.
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Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm (AFSA) is a kind of swarm intelligence algorithms which is usually employed in optimization problems. There are many parameters to adjust in AFSA like visual and step. Through constant initializing of visual and step parameters, algorithm is only able to do local searching or global searching. In this paper, two new adaptive methods based on fuzzy systems are proposed to control the visual and step parameters during the AFSA execution in order to control the capability of global and local searching adaptively. First method uniformly adjusts the visual and step of all fish whereas in the second method, each artificial fish has its own fuzzy controller for adjusting its visual and step parameters. Evaluations of the proposed methods were performed on eight well known benchmark functions in comparison with standard AFSA and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The overall results show that proposed algorithm can be effective surprisingly. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.

Ye, D, Zhang, M & Sutanto, D 1970, 'DGF: Decentralized Group Formation for Task Allocation in Complex Adaptive Systems', ADVANCES IN PRACTICAL MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS, 12th International Conference on Principles of Practice in Multi-Agent Systems (PRIMA 2009), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Nagoya, JAPAN, pp. 3-19.
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Ye, D, Zhang, M, Bai, Q & Ito, T 1970, 'Self-organisation in an Agent Network via Multiagent Q-Learning', KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND ACQUISITION FOR SMART SYSTEMS AND SERVICES, 11th International workshop on Knowledge Management and Acquisition for Smart Systems and Services, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Daegu, SOUTH KOREA, pp. 14-26.
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Yin, T, Wang, D, Yu, K & Wang, H 1970, 'Sketch Animation Techniques and Applications Based on Mobile Devices', 2010 Asia-Pacific Conference on Wearable Computing Systems, 2010 Asia-Pacific Conference on Wearable Computing Systems, IEEE.
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Yin, XX, Ng, BW-H, Abbott, D, Jia, W & Ramamohanarao, K 1970, 'Fuzzy inference systems in MR image processing-a review', 2010 International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Technology, 2010 International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Technology, IEEE, pp. 19-22.
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Fuzzy inference systems are of great interest to provide a consistent mathematical framework for the representation of imprecision in relation to objects, relationships, knowledge and aims, and are viewed as powerful tools for reasoning and decision-making. In this paper, we survey several fuzzy approaches in magnetic resonances image processing, with an aim to develop and validate multidimensional segmentation and filtering methodology for future research. We also briefly review a number of advances of fuzzy set theory in the MR image processing application domain. © 2010 IEEE.

Yoshizawa, S, Ikeuchi, H & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Scalable pipeline architecture of MMSE MIMO detector for 4&#x00D7;4 MIMO-OFDM receiver', Proceedings of 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems - ISCAS 2010, IEEE.
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Yoshizawa, S, Odagiri, S, Asai, Y, Gunji, T, Saito, T & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Development and outdoor evaluation of an experimental platform in an 80-MHz bandwidth 2&#x00D7;2 MIMO-OFDM system at 5.2-GHz band', 21st Annual IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 2010 IEEE 21st International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications - (PIMRC 2010), IEEE.
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Yu Peng, Park, M, Min Xu, Suhuai Luo, Jin, JS, Yue Cui & Felix Wong, WS 1970, 'Detection of nuclei clusters from cervical cancer microscopic imagery using C4.5', 2010 2nd International Conference on Computer Engineering and Technology, 2010 2nd International Conference on Computer Engineering and Technology, IEEE.
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Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women. At the same time, cervical cancer could be largely preventable and curable with regular Pap tests. This test can find nuclei changes in the cervix. Accurate nuclei detection is extremely critical as it is the previous step of analysing nuclei changes and diagnosis afterwards. In recent years, automatic nuclei segmentation has increased dramatically. Although such algorithms could be utilised in the situation for sparse nuclei since they are intuitively detected, the segmentation for the complicated nuclei clusters is still challenging task. This paper presents a new methodology for the detection of cervical nuclei clusters. We first detect all the nuclei from the cervical microscopic image by an ellipse fitting algorithm. All the ellipses are then classified into single ones and cluster ones by C4.5 decision tree with selected features. We evaluated the performance of this method by the classification accuracy, sensitivity, and cluster predictive value. The result shown that the promising classification accuracy (97.8%) is obtained using C4.5 with 9 relative features. © 2010 IEEE.

Yu Peng, Park, M, Min Xu, Suhuai Luo, Jin, JS, Yue Cui, Wong, WSF & Santos, LD 1970, 'Clustering nuclei using machine learning techniques', IEEE/ICME International Conference on Complex Medical Engineering, 2010 IEEE/ICME International Conference on Complex Medical Engineering - CME 2010, IEEE, Gold Coast Australia, pp. 52-57.
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Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women. Meanwhile, cervical cancer could be largely preventable and curable with regular Pap tests. Nuclei changes in the cervix could be found by this test. Accurate nuclei detection is extremely critical as it is the previous step of analysing nuclei changes and diagnosis afterwards. Recently, computer-aided nuclei segmentation has increased dramatically. Although such algorithms could be utilised in the situation for sparse nuclei since they are intuitively detected, the segmentation for the complicated nuclei clusters is still challenging task. This paper presents a new methodology for the detection of cervical nuclei clusters. We first detect all the nuclei from the cervical microscopic image by an ellipse fitting algorithm. Second, we chose some high-relevant features from all the features we obtained in last step via F-score, which is based on to what extent one feature attributes to results. All the ellipses are then classified into single ones and cluster ones by C4.5 decision tree with selected features. We evaluated the performance of this method by the classification accuracy, sensitivity, and cluster predictive value. With the 9 selected features from the original 13 features, we came by the promising classification accuracy (97.8%). © 2010 IEEE.

Yu, K & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'Geometry and Motion Based Positioning Algorithms for Mobile Tracking in NLOS Environments', 2010 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference GLOBECOM 2010, GLOBECOM 2010 - 2010 IEEE Global Communications Conference, IEEE, Miami, FL, USA, pp. 1-5.
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This paper presents positioning algorithms for cellular network-based mobile tracking in severe non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation scenarios. The aim of the algorithms is to enhance positional accuracy of network-based positioning systems when the GPS receiver does not perform well due to the hostile environment. Two positioning methods with NLOS mitigation are proposed. Constrained optimization is utilized to minimize the cost function which takes account of the NLOS error. Mobile velocity and heading angle information is exploited to greatly enhance position accuracy. It is observed through simulation that the proposed methods significantly outperform other cellular network based positioning algorithms. Further, the exact expressions of the CRLB are derived when the distance measurement error is the sum of an exponential and a Gaussian variable. ©2010 IEEE.

Yu, K, Fang, G & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'Position and Orientation Accuracy Analysis for Wireless Endoscope Magnetic Field Based Localization System Design', 2010 IEEE Wireless Communication and Networking Conference, Networking Conference (WCNC), IEEE.
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This paper focuses on wireless capsule endoscope magnetic field based localization by using a linear algorithm, an unconstrained optimization method and a constrained optimization method. Eight sensor populations are employed for performance evaluation. For each of five sensor populations, four different sensor configurations are investigated, which represent potential sensor placements in practice. Accuracy is evaluated over a range of noise standard deviations and the position area is set on a solid cylinder which well represents the realistic scenario of the human body. It is observed that the optimization method greatly outperforms the linear algorithm that should not be used alone in general. The constrained optimization approach outperforms the unconstrained optimization method in presence of large noise. Simulation results show that best position accuracy is achieved when the sensors are uniformly deployed on a 2D plane with some sensors on the boundary of the position area. For the sensor populations considered, when increasing sensor population by one, the accuracy improves by about 0.45 divided by the sensor population. The results provide useful information for the design of wireless endoscope localization systems. ©2010 IEEE.

Yu, S, Thapngam, T, Tse, HI & Wang, J 1970, 'Anonymous web browsing through predicted pages', 2010 IEEE Globecom Workshops, 2010 Ieee Globecom Workshops, IEEE, Miami, FL, pp. 1581-1585.
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Yu, S, Thapngam, T, Wei, S & Zhou, W 1970, 'Efficient Web Browsing with Perfect Anonymity Using Page Prefetching', ALGORITHMS AND ARCHITECTURES FOR PARALLEL PROCESSING, PT 1, PROCEEDINGS, 10th International Conference on Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Busan, SOUTH KOREA, pp. 1-12.
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Yu, Y, Dutkiewicz, E, Huang, X, Mueck, M & Fang, G 1970, 'Performance analysis of soft frequency reuse for inter-cell interference coordination in LTE networks', 2010 10th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, 2010 10th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, pp. 504-509.
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Due to the requirement of high spectrum efficiency, the frequency reuse of one is targeted for next generation OFDMA-based cellular networks. Such a frequency planning strategy can lead to unacceptable inter-cell interference levels experienced especially by users located at the cell edge area. Soft frequency reuse (SFR) is considered as an effective frequency reuse scheme for inter-cell interference coordination as well as maintaining spectrum efficiency. In this paper, we investigate the performance of SFR for LTE downlink transmission by considering issues of various traffic loads and different power ratio configurations. In addition to the cell-edge user performance, the overall cell performance and the cell-center user performance are both evaluated in terms of throughput estimation. Using simulation studies, the advantages and limitations of SFR are comprehensively examined and compared against the classical frequency reuse of one scheme. ©2010 IEEE.

Yu, Y-H, Kodagoda, S, Ha, QP & IEEE 1970, 'Slope-Based Point Pursuing Maneuvers of Nonholonomic Robots using FPGA', IEEE/RSJ 2010 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS (IROS 2010), IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IEEE, Taipei, taiwan, pp. 3694-3699.
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Steering maneuver is essential in robotic motion planning. Despite a lot of steering mechanisms successfully developed in past years, for miniature robots, real-time computation is still a limitation for robot path tracking. The design issues in cooperative control of battery-powered nonholonomic robots rest with the complicacy of the control strategies, the low power consumption and real-time processing capability. Conventionally, the improvement of computing speed mostly relies on the increment of the system clock and often results in some transient loss. Thus, an elaborate control algorithm developed for PC might not work on an embedded system. This paper presents a comprehensive steering algorithm which, via issuing predicaments for computation, will dramatically reduce the resource usage in hardware circuit design. The proposed algorithm is implemented on an embedded system for ubiquitous robotics using the field programmable gate array (FPGA) technology. ©2010 IEEE.

Yuan, S, Skinner, BT, Huang, S, Liu, DK, Dissanayake, G, Lau, H, Pagac, D, Pratley, T & IEEE 1970, 'Mathematical Modelling of Container Transfers for a Fleet of Autonomous Straddle Carriers', 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA), IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, IEEE, Anchorage, Alaska, USA, pp. 1261-1266.
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The main contribution of this paper is a mathematical model describing performance metrics for coordinating multiple mobile robots in a seaport container terminal. The scenario described here requires dealing with many difficult practical challenges such as the presence of multiple levels of container stacking and sequencing, variable container orientations, and vehicular dynamics that require finite acceleration and deceleration times. Furthermore, in contrast to the automatically guided vehicle planning problem in a manufacturing environment, the container carriers described here are free ranging. Although, the port structure imposes a set of 'virtual' roadways along which the vehicles are allowed to travel, path planning is essential in preventing contention and collisions. A performance metric which minimises total yard-vehicle usage, while producing robust traffic plans by encouraging both early starting and finishing of jobs is presented for different vehicle fleet sizes and job allocation scenarios. ©2010 IEEE.

Yuan, Y, Zhang, Z, Li, J, Shi, J, Zhou, J, Fang, G & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'Extension of SCTP for Concurrent Multi-Path Transfer with Parallel Subflows', 2010 IEEE Wireless Communication and Networking Conference, Networking Conference (WCNC), IEEE.
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With its new features such as multi-homing and multi-streaming the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) has become a promising candidate as a general-purpose transport layer protocol. Multi-homing in an SCTP association can make concurrent multi-path transfer an appealing candidate to satisfy the ever increasing user demands for bandwidth. Multiple streams provide an aggregation mechanism to accommodate heterogeneous objects, which belong to the same application but may require different QoS from the network. However, the current approach lacks an internal mechanism to support preferential treatment among its streams for concurrent multipath transfer. In this paper, we introduce WM -SCTP (Wireless Multi-path Multi-flow - Stream Control Transmission Protocol), a transport layer solution for concurrent multi-path transfer with parallel subflows. WM -SCTP aims at exploiting SCTP's multi-homing and multi-streaming capability by grouping SCTP streams into subflows based on their required QoS and selecting best paths for each subflow to improve data transfer rates. The results show that under different scenarios WM -SCTP, can effectively enhance transmission efficiency. ©2010 IEEE. 2 2 2

Yun, M & Huynh, P 1970, 'A numerical study of non-isothermal peristaltic flow of power-law fluids in a circular tube', Proceedings of the ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition IMECE2010, ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, ASME, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, pp. 1-7.
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Non-isothermal peristaltic flow of power-law fluids in a circular tube is investigated numerically, using a commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software package that employs the Finite Volume Method. Simulation is performed over the range of Reynolds-number values from 1 to 100. Temperature effect on the flow field is via fluid viscosity, which is assumed to decrease exponentially with temperature. Also, except for viscosity, other fluid properties are assumed to be constant, and are similar to those of an oil. Over a range of the power-law index covering fluid behaviour from shearthinning, through Newtonian, to shear-thickening, it is found that allowing for temperature effects has significantly altered the flow pattern and pressure variation, even when the corresponding changes in temperature itself are small. Around the crest region, recirculation appears in non-isothermal flow at all power-law-index and Reynolds-number values considered in this work, in contrast to isothermal situations.

Zabihi, Z, Crews, K & Samali, B 1970, 'Modern trends in long span timber flooring systems', Incorporating Sustainable Practice in Mechanics of Structures and Materials - Proceedings of the 21st Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials (ACMSM21), Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, CRC Press, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 903-907.
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With the advent of other types of flooring systems utilising stronger materials and higher performance, timber flooring has been mainly restricted to domestic applications. However, the advent of engineered wood products (EWP's) such as LVL and glulam as well as a new generation of adhesives has provided the means to fabricate large section, long spanning structural members with equal structural properties to that of steel or concrete used in the same applications. On the other hand, timber is the only structural material that is truly renewable and sustainable, and timber buildings result in lower CO2 emissions, therefore, timber structures have attracted a great deal of renewed interest. In this paper, modern trends and approaches used in timber flooring systems worldwide is presented with comments regarding each system's pros and cons, design criteria and requirements. Systems with potential suitability for Australia and New Zealand for non-residential/commercial applications are also discussed.

Zad, A, Li, J, Samali, B & Crews, K 1970, 'Finite element evaluation of non-destructive testing methods for embedded timber poles in service', Incorporating Sustainable Practice in Mechanics of Structures and Materials - Proceedings of the 21st Australian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, CRC Press, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 909-914.
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This paper presents the results of numerical evaluation of surface Non-Destructive Testing methods for embedded timber poles in service. Main objective of the study is to investigate the influence of factors such as different boundary conditions, geotechnical conditions and material defects and imperfections of embedded timber poles, on reliability and accuracy of the prediction or evaluation using surface NDT. Firstly, the numerical evaluation of a free-end timber pole without embedmentwas conducted to gain an understanding of the behaviour of stress waves in timber poles in relation to selected surface NDT methods. Then the embedded timber poles are modelled to include effects of geotechnical conditions as in-service poles. Two types of typical decay patterns are simulated to study the effect of defect/damage on the Non-Destructive Testing results. Finally, the numerical results are compared with field test results obtained from field testing in Victoria. © 2011 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

ZadJabbari, B, Wongthongtham, P, Hussain, FK & Soc, IEEEC 1970, 'Knowledge sharing effectiveness measurement', 2010 24TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED INFORMATION NETWORKING AND APPLICATIONS (AINA), pp. 1249-1254.
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Knowledge would be considered as important element in knowledge-based economy and it makes a strong competitive advantage in dynamic business environment. In knowledge management, knowledge sharing is the most critical elements of effective knowledge processing. Several studies have been done to explain why people share knowledge and some of them have been mentioned in this paper. The next issue is how knowledge sharing can be improved and how it can be measured. Different models from different view points such as social and psychological aspect or economic benefit aspect have been proposed to analyse and measure knowledge sharing effectiveness. In this paper, we will review some of the main models in knowledge sharing effectiveness and will explain a new method to measure knowledge sharing effectiveness among individuals. © 2010 IEEE.

Zainal, MS, Yoshizawa, S & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Optimal power reduction on wireless OFDM receiver', 2010 IEEE Region 8 International Conference on Computational Technologies in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (SIBIRCON), 2010 IEEE Region 8 International Conference on 'Computational Technologies in Electrical and Electronics Engineering' (SIBIRCON 2010), IEEE, pp. 263-267.
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Wordlength determination is a crucial task in digital hardware implementations for green computing because the wordlength affects power consumption and system performance. Digital hardware requires careful wordlength design for a sufficient dynamic range. Nevertheless, wordlength can be reduced during better conditions. We present a modeling approach for dynamic variable wordlength (DVW) in digital wireless systems and deploy DVW at an OFDM receiver lowpass filter. The proposed modeling approach estimates power reduction achieved with DVW vs. fixed wordlength for the desired communication quality. © 2010 IEEE.

Zainudin, Z, Kodagoda, S & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Torso detection and tracking using a 2D laser range finder', Proceedings of the 2010 Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, ACRA 2010, Proceedings of the Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QueenslandE, Australia, pp. 1-6.
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Detecting and tracking people in populated environments has various applications including, robotics, healthcare, automotive, security and defence. In this paper, we present an algorithm for people detection and tracking based on a two dimensional laser rage finder (LRF). The LRF was mounted on a mobile robotic platform to scan a torso section of a person. The tracker is designed to discard spurious targets based on the log likelihood ratio and can effectively handle short term occlusions. Long term occlusions are considered as new tracks. Performance of the algorithm is analysed based on experiments, which shows appealing results.

Zawawi, RA, Akpolat, H & Bagia, R 1970, 'Managing Knowledge in Aircraft Engineering', Proceedings of The 2nd International Conference on Logistics and Transport & The 1st International Conference on Business and Economics, ICLT 2010 & ICBE 2010 'Managing Finance and Risk in Global Supply Chain', UP Organizer and Publication Co., Ltd., Queenstown, New Zealand, pp. 951-960.
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In this paper, the authors analyse knowledge management (KM) practices in civil aviation industry and introduce a framework for better management of knowledge in aircraft engineering (AE). After comprehensive review of KM literature, this paper offers insights into the existing KM practices in AE using a case study in the Saudi Arabian Aviation industry (SAAI). The KM research data was collected through discussions and interviews as well as through observations during one of the authorâs employment as aircraft engineer in the SAAI. Synthesis of these results with the KM literature was used to identify the gaps between the KM theory and current practices in AE. Finally, an operationsbased knowledge management (OBKM) system framework was developed to address these gaps and overcome ineffectiveness in current practices.

Zeng, C, Jia, W, He, X & Yang, J 1970, 'Graph-Based Text Segmentation Using a Selected Channel Image', 2010 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications, 2010 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications (DICTA), IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 535-539.
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This paper proposes a graph-based method for segmentation of a text image using a selected colour-channel image. The text colour information usually presents a two-polarity trend. According to the observation that the histogram distributions of the respective colour channel images are usually different from each other, we select the colour channel image with the histogram having the biggest distance between the two main peaks, which represents the main foreground colour strength and background colour strength respectively. The peak distance is estimated by the mean-shift procedure performed on each individual channel image. Then, a graph model is constructed on a selected channel image to segment the text image into foreground and background. The proposed method is tested on a public database, and its effectiveness is demonstrated by the experimental results. © 2010 IEEE.

Zhan Wang & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Efficient Monocular SLAM using sparse information filters', 2010 Fifth International Conference on Information and Automation for Sustainability, 2010 5th International Conference on Information and Automation for Sustainability (ICIAfS), IEEE, Colombo, Sri Lanka, pp. 311-316.
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A new method for efficiently mapping three dimensional environments from a platform carrying a single calibrated camera, and simultaneously localizing the platform within this map is presented in this paper. This is the Monocular SLAM problem in robotics, which is equivalent to the problem of extracting Structure from Motion (SFM) in computer vision. A novel formulation of Monocular SLAM which exploits recent results from multi-view geometry to partition the feature location measurements extracted from images into providing estimates of environment representation and platform motion is developed. Proposed formulation allows rich geometric information from a large set of features extracted from images to be maximally incorporated during the estimation process, without a corresponding increase in the computational cost, resulting in more accurate estimates. A sparse Extended Information Filter (EIF) which fully exploits the sparse structure of the problem is used to generate camera pose and feature location estimates. Experimental results are provided to verify the algorithm.

Zhan Wang, Hai Jiang, Yi Sun, Jun Li, Jing Liu & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'A k-coordinated decentralized replica placement algorithm for the ring-based CDN-P2P architecture', The IEEE symposium on Computers and Communications, 2010 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC), IEEE, pp. 811-816.
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Content distribution networks (CDNs) improve the performance of content delivery by replicating the popular content on surrogate servers deployed at the edge of the Internet. The CDN-P2P architecture, which combines the complementary advantages of both CDN and P2P networks, can improve the quality of service (QoS). In this paper, we propose a k-coordinated decentralized replica placement algorithm (DRPA) based on a gain formulation of the replica placement problem. Although the gain formulation is designed for different types of the CDN-P2P architecture, we focus on the robust ring-based architecture in this study. In our approach, each surrogate server makes the replica placement in terms of the content replicas on k closer surrogate servers, which enhances the system scalability compared to the centralized replica placement heuristics. In addition, according to the simulation results, the proposed algorithm is able to reduce the backbone traffic between the servers and the requesting peers compared to the traditional replica placement algorithms for the pure CDN. © 2010 IEEE.

Zhang, A, Hanlen, LW & Huang, X 1970, 'Spreading with Walsh code for &#x03C0;/2-DBPSK modulated WBAN systems', 2010 IEEE 21st International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications Workshops, 2010 IEEE 21st International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications Workshops (PIMRC Workshops), IEEE, IEEE, pp. 84-88.
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The IEEE has proposed a narrowband PHY for the IEEE standard of wireless body area network. To maintain small phase transition of the π/2-DBPSK modulated signal and ensure simple receiver design, repetition code is used where lower data rate is needed. In this paper, we suggest to replace the repetition code by Walsh code to improve the interference cancelation capability of the system. Spreading-before-modulation approach is suggested to retain the merit of small phase transition. Three receivers, including frequency discriminator, differential demodulator and coherent receiver, are developed for the proposed scheme. We show that the proposed scheme, with slightly increased complexity, can improve the signal to interference ratio by about 2 dB, which increases with increasing packet length. ©2010 IEEE.

Zhang, B, Ye, G, Wang, Y, Wang, W, Xu, J, Herman, G & Yang, Y 1970, 'Multi-class Graph Boosting with Subgraph Sharing for Object Recognition', 2010 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2010 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), IEEE, pp. 1541-1544.
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In this paper, we propose a novel multi-class graph boosting algorithm to recognize different visual objects. The proposed method treats subgraph as feature to construct base classifier, and utilizes popular error correcting output code scheme to solve multi-class problem. Both factors, base classifier and error-correcting coding matrix are considered simultaneously. And subgragphs, which are shareable by different classes, are wisely used to improve the classification performance. The experimental results on multi-class object recognition show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. © 2010 IEEE.

Zhang, G, Dillon, TS, Cai, K-Y, Ma, J, Lu, J & Soc, IEEEC 1970, 'delta-Equalities of Complex Fuzzy Relations', 2010 24TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED INFORMATION NETWORKING AND APPLICATIONS (AINA), IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, IEEE Computer Society Conference Publishing Services (CPS), Perth, Australia, pp. 1218-1224.
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A complex fuzzy relation is defined as a fuzzy relation whose membership function takes values in the unit circle on a complex plane. This paper first investigates various operation properties of a complex fuzzy relation. It then defines the distance measure of two complex fuzzy relations that can measure the differences between the grades as well as the phases of two complex fuzzy relations. This distance measure is used to define δ-equalities of complex fuzzy relations that coincide with those of fuzzy relations already defined in the literature if complex fuzzy relations reduce to real-valued fuzzy relations. Two complex fuzzy relations are said to be δ-equal if the distance between them is less than 1-δ. This paper shows how various operations between complex fuzzy relations, including T-norms and S-norms, affect given δ-equalities of complex fuzzy relations. Finally, fuzzy inference is examined in the framework of δ-equalities of complex fuzzy relations. © 2010 IEEE.

Zhang, G, Kleijn, WB & Østergaard, J 1970, 'Bounding the Rate Region of Vector Gaussian Multiple Descriptions with Individual and Central Receivers', Data Compression Conference Proceedings, pp. 13-19.
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In this work, the rate region of the vector Gaussian multiple descriptionproblem with individual and central quadratic distortion constraints isstudied. In particular, an outer bound to the rate region of the L-descriptionproblem is derived. The bound is obtained by lower bounding a weighted sum ratefor each supporting hyperplane of the rate region. The key idea is to introduceat most L-1 auxiliary random variables and further impose upon the variables aMarkov structure according to the ordering of the description weights. Thismakes it possible to greatly simplify the derivation of the outer bound. In thescalar Gaussian case, the complete rate region is fully characterized byshowing that the outer bound is tight. In this case, the optimal weighted sumrate for each supporting hyperplane is obtained by solving a singlemaximization problem. This contrasts with existing results, which requiresolving a min-max optimization problem.

Zhang, G, Kleijn, WB & Østergaard, J 1970, 'Bounding the Rate Region of Vector Gaussian Multiple Descriptions with Individual and Central Receivers', Data Compression Conference (DCC), pp. 13-19.
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Zhang, G-L, Lu, H-Y & Zhang, G-Q 1970, 'A new hybrid evolutionary algorithm with quasi-simplex technique', 2010 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, 2010 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (ICMLC), IEEE, Qingdao, China, pp. 1811-1816.
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This paper proposes a new parallel search algorithm using an evolutionary algorithm and quasi-simplex techniques (EAQST) for non-linear constrained function optimization. EAQST produces the offspring in parallel by using the Gaussian mutation, the Cauchy

Zhang, J, Shen, C & Geers, G 1970, 'Preface', 2010 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications, 2010 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications (DICTA), IEEE.
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Zhang, M, Ye, D, Bai, Q, Sutanto, D & Muttaqi, K 1970, 'A Hybrid Multi-Agent Framework for Load Management in Power Grid Systems', ADVANCES IN PRACTICAL MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS, 12th International Conference on Principles of Practice in Multi-Agent Systems (PRIMA 2009), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Nagoya, JAPAN, pp. 129-143.
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Zhang, R, Wei, J, Lu, J & Zhang, G 1970, 'A Decision Support System for Ore Blending Cost Optimization Problem of Blast Furnaces', Advances in Intelligent Decision Technologies - Proceedings of the Second KES International Symposium IDT 2010, The Second KES International Symposium IDT, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Baltimore, USA, pp. 143-152.
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In iron and steel enterprises, it is difficult to obtain the lowest-cost optimal solution to an ore blending problem for blast furnaces by using the traditional trial-fault-trial (TFT) method because of the complexity of materials and burden of workflow. Here, we develop a set of decision support systems (DSS) software to solve the problem. Using the basics of analyzing business flow and the working process of ore blending, we pre-process the data for materials and elements, abstract a non-linear model of ore blending for a blast furnace, design the architecture for ore blending cost optimization DSS which integrates a database, a model base and a knowledge base, and solve the problem. The system has made economic gains since it was implemented in Xiangtan Iron & Steel Group Co. Ltd., China, in September 2008.

Zhang, T, Lin, H, Liang, L, Lu, J & Zhang, G 1970, 'A knowledge-based efficiency assessment system for distribution network using data envelopment analysis', 2010 Fourth International Conference on Research Challenges in Information Science (RCIS), 2010 Fourth International Conference on Research Challenges in Information Science (RCIS), IEEE, Nice, France, pp. 331-336.
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Distribution network is the most important asset in electric utilities, to increase its efficiency, there is a need to effectively assess the efficiency of distribution network and provide solution for improvement. This paper presents a knowledge-based efficiency assessment system for distribution network using data envelopment analysis (DEA). From an inputoutput view, DEA method is used to calculate the efficiency of distribution lines and obtain gap information. Knowledge base is used to store facts and rules, facts include input-outputs data of DEA and other information about structure and operation of distribution lines. The rules can be empirical rules from domain expert or extracted from industry guidelines or government standards by knowledge worker. Considering the service requirements of power supply in rules, DEA assessment results can be effectively used or provided in the solution of improvement by reasoning. The knowledge base technology and DEA integration represents a step towards a real challenge of the near future. In this system, the final decision is based on DEA assessment results and reasoning. The suggested solution can assist decision maker in making planning to further strengthen distribution network in an efficient and effective manner. © 2010 IEEE.

Zhang, T, Lu, J, Zhang, G & Ding, Q 1970, 'Fault diagnosis of transformer using association rule mining and knowledge base', 2010 10th International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications, 2010 10th International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications (ISDA), IEEE, Cairo, Egypt, pp. 737-742.
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Association rule mining makes interesting associations and/or correlations among large sets of data. Those associations can be refined as decision rules to be used and stored in a knowledge base system. In this paper, an approach based on association rule and knowledge base is proposed and implemented in the fault diagnosis of a transformer system. According to the features of association rule, the Apriori algorithm is adopted and modified to generate decision rules from power transformer information for building knowledge base, then the rules can be refined to diagnose the fault of the transformer through reasoning, and a prototype system is developed. This approach based on association rule is described in detail and the application is illustrated by an example. A comparison with the IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) three-ratio method shows the proposed method can provide better accuracy in performance.

Zhang, W, Zhang, Y, Cheema, MA & Lin, X 1970, 'Counting Distinct Objects over Sliding Windows', Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series, Australasian Conference on Database Technologies, ACM, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 75-84.
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Aggregation against distinct objects has been in-volved in many real applications with the presence of duplicates, including real-time monitoring mov-ing objects. In this paper, we investigate the prob-lem of counting distinct objects over sliding windows with arbitrary lengths. We present novel, time and space efficient, one scan algorithms to continuously maintain a sketch so that the counting can be ap-proximately conducted with a relative error guaran-tee ∈ in the presence of object duplicates. Efficient query algorithms have also been developed by ef-fectively utilizing the skyband property. Moreover, the proposed techniques may be immediately applied to the range counting aggregation and heavy hitter problem against distinct elements. A comprehensive performance study demonstrates that our algorithms can support real-time computation against high speed data streams. © 2010, Australian Computer Society, Inc.

Zhang, XM, Jiang, ZY, Wei, DB, Liu, X & Wang, GD 1970, 'Study on Casting Roll during Twin-Roll Casting of Thin Strip', Materials Science Forum, 7th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing, Trans Tech Publications, Ltd., Cairns, AUSTRALIA, pp. 1602-1605.
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In twin-roll thin strip casting, the temperature of casting roll affects the roll thermal stress, and influences the thermal deformation, the generation of roll surface cracks, the strip shape and the service life of casting roll. In this paper, the features of the casting roll materials have been analysed, the effects of the clad materials and thickness on temperature field of the casting roll have been simulated and discussed. The developed temperature model of casting roll is helpful in optimising processing parameters and the design of casting roll during twin-roll thin strip casting.

Zhang, Y, Miyanaga, Y & Siriteanu, C 1970, 'New robust speech recognition using DTW in noise', 2010 10th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, 2010 10th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, pp. 34-38.
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This paper proposes a new robust speech recognition method. Since the hidden Markov model (HMM) algorithm need a lot of training calculation, The dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithm based on median filter is used instead in our system. According to the short-term energy method, the non-speech segment can be removed. Recognition accuracy is thus improved. The cepstral mean subtraction (CMS), running spectrum filtering (RSF) and dynamic range adjustment (DRA) methods are also applied for noise reduction. Our results show that the RSF/DRA and CMS/DRA are good. The median filter improved the accuracy of DTW and The recognition accuracy almost are same and that one using HMM in the 10 dB and 20 dB white noise. ©2010 IEEE.

Zhang, Y, Zhu, J, Xu, W, Hu, J, Dorrell, DG, Zhao, Z & IEEE 1970, 'Speed Sensorless Stator Flux Oriented Control of Three-Level Inverter-Fed Induction Motor Drive Based on Fuzzy Logic and Sliding Mode Control', IECON 2010 - 36TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS SOCIETY, IEEE Industrial Electronics Society Annual Conference, IEEE, Glendale, AZ, USA, pp. 2932-2937.
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A novel simplified stator flux oriented control (SFOC) for three-level inverter-fed induction motor drive is proposed to achieve high performance torque control in both steady state and transient conditions. Sliding mode control (SMC) is designed, in stead of conventional PI controller, to obtain the continuous commanding voltage vectors. The speed accuracy and dynamic tracking performance, as well as robustness to external disturbance, are improved by using fuzzy logic control (FLC). A speed adaptive flux observer with novel gain and load torque observation is introduced to improve the dynamic performance of speed estimation. The issue of large starting current in SFOC is addressed, and a strategy with pre-excitation and ramp function of commanding stator flux is proposed to solve this problem. By utilizing the redundant states of small vectors, the neutral point voltage fluctuation of three-level inverter is kept within a certain range. Experimental results prove that the sensorless three-level inverter-fed IM drive exhibits excellent dynamic performance and steady-state accuracy over a wide speed range.

Zhao, L, Huang, S, Yan, L, Wang, JJ, Hu, G, Dissanayake, G & IEEE 1970, 'Large-Scale Monocular SLAM by Local Bundle Adjustment and Map Joining', 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL, AUTOMATION, ROBOTICS AND VISION (ICARCV 2010), IEEE, Singapore, pp. 431-436.
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This paper first demonstrates an interesting property of bundle adjustment (BA), 'scale drift correction'. Here 'scale drift correction' means that BA can converge to the correct solution (up to a scale) even if the initial values of the camera pose translations and point feature positions are calculated using very different scale factors. This property together with other properties of BA makes it the best approach for monocular Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM), without considering the computational complexity. This naturally leads to the idea of using local BA and map joining to solve large-scale monocular SLAM problem, which is proposed in this paper. The local maps are built through Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) for feature detection and matching, random sample consensus (RANSAC) paradigm at different levels for robust outlier removal, and BA for optimization. To reduce the computational cost of the large-scale map building, the features in each local map are judiciously selected and then the local maps are combined using a recently developed 3D map joining algorithm. The proposed large-scale monocular SLAM algorithm is evaluated using a publicly available dataset with centimeter-level ground truth. ©2010 IEEE.

Zhao, Y, Bohlscheid, H, Wu, S & Cao, L 1970, 'Less Effort, More Outcomes: Optimising Debt Recovery with Decision Trees', 2010 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining Workshops, 2010 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining Workshops (ICDMW), IEEE, Sydney, NSW, Australia, pp. 655-660.
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This paper presents a real-world application of data mining techniques to optimise debt recovery in social security. The traditional method of contacting a customer for the purpose of putting in place a debt recovery schedule has been an out-bound phone call, and by and large, customers are chosen at random. This obsolete and inefficient method of selecting customers for debt recovery purposes has existed for years and in order to improve this process, decision trees were built to model debt recovery and predict the response of customers if contacted by phone. Test results on historical data show that, the built model is effective to rank customers in their likelihood of entering into a successful debt recovery repayment schedule. If contacting the top 20 per cent of customers in debt, instead of contacting all of them, approximately 50 per cent of repayments would be received.

Zheng, L & Hoang, DB 1970, 'A QoS Mechanism of Registered Multi-Cycle Polling in Wireless Medium Access Control', 2010 IEEE RIVF International Conference on Computing & Communication Technologies, Research, Innovation, and Vision for the Future (RIVF), Communication Technologies, Research, Innovation, and Vision for the Future (RIVF), IEEE, Hanoi, pp. 1-6.
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Polling schemes in the IEEE 802 MAC layer provide some QoS support for multimedia applications above what can be provided with the contention scheme. However, in highly loaded environment, reliability and efficiency remain the main challenges for current detailed polling schemes. In this paper, we present a detailed analysis of polling medium access , and propose a novel mechanism, the Registered Multi-cycle polling. The new scheme performs particularly well especially under heavy load situations, where QoS guarantee for session-based applications is crucial to the network performance. The scheme provides not only parameterized QoS for session-based applications, but also improves the total network utilization. These performance gains are achieved with Registered Multi-cycle scheme with the use implicit information update and Multi-cycle enhancement.

Zheng, Z, Zhao, Y, Zuo, Z & Cao, L 1970, 'An Efficient GA-Based Algorithm for Mining Negative Sequential Patterns.', PAKDD (1), Pacific-Asia Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Springer, Hyderabad, India, pp. 262-273.
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Negative sequential pattern mining has attracted increasing concerns in recent datamining research because it considers negative relationships between itemsets, which are ignored by positive sequential pattern mining. However, the search space for mining negative patterns is much bigger than that for positive ones.When the support threshold is low, in particular, there will be huge amounts of negative candidates. This paper proposes a Genetic Algorithm (GA) based algorithm to find negative sequential patterns with novel crossover and mutation operations, which are efficient at passing good genes on to next generations without generating candidates. An effective dynamic fitness function and a pruning method are also provided to improve performance. The results of extensive experiments show that the proposed method can find negative patterns efficiently and has remarkable performance compared with some other algorithms of negative pattern mining.

Zhou, AN & Sheng, D 1970, 'Yield stress and volume change behaviour of unsaturated soils', Unsaturated Soils: Theoretical and Numerical Advances in Unsaturated Soil Mechanics - Proceedings of the 4th Asia Pacific Conference on Unsaturated Soils, 4th Asia Pacific Conference on Unsaturated Soils, CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP, Newcastle, AUSTRALIA, pp. 879-885.
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The SFG model (Sheng et al., 2008) provides a consistent explanation of yield stress, shear strength and volume change behaviour of unsaturated soils as functions of suctions. All these functions are based on one single equation that defines the volume change with suction and stress changes. This paper provides a systematic validation of the equation against experimental data. The experimental data used in the paper include those for samples prepared from slurry soils and compacted soils. It is shown that (1) the method currently used to determine yield stresses of unsaturated soils is incorrect, and (2) volume change behaviour of unsaturated soils can well be predicted by the SFG model. © 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

Zhou, E, Shi, J, Li, Y, Vucetic, B, Huang, X & Guo, YJ 1970, 'Power Allocation Based on Truncated Squared Norm of Channel Equalization Coefficients for TDD LTE-A Uplink Systems', 2010 IEEE Wireless Communication and Networking Conference, Networking Conference (WCNC), IEEE.
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The power allocation problem is addressed for time division duplex (TDD) LTE-A uplink systems in this paper. Due to the IDFT de-spreading in LTE-A uplink, the channel frequency responses in an IDFT de-spreading block will be tangled together. After analyzing the equivalent signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) in the time domain, a Truncated Squared norm of channel equalization Coefficients based Power Allocation (TSCPA) method is proposed to improve the final SINR performance after the IDFT de-spreading block. The proposed TSC-PA algorithm is verified for the clustered DFT-s-OFDM system in eigen-model block diagonalization multi-user MIMO uplink environment by simulations. The results demonstrate that the proposed TSC-PA algorithm can further improve the system block error rate (BLER) performance by selecting a proper truncation threshold. ©2010 IEEE.

Zhou, J & Takatsuka, M 1970, 'Importance Driven Contour Tree Simplification', 2010 THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION (PACIIA2010), VOL IV, 3rd International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Industrial Application (PACIIA2010), IEEE, PEOPLES R CHINA, Wuhan, pp. 179-182.

Zhu, L & Li, J 1970, 'Water Bioinformatics: An Association between Estrogen Degradation and 16S rRNA Motifs', 2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, 2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE), IEEE.
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The existence of estrogenic compounds in the water severely pollutes the ecological environment. It is believed that microorganisms such as harmless bacterium can be used as a clean and safe medium to naturally degrade the estrogens. Many bacteria have been found to be capable of degrading estrogens in different ways and speeds. While the degradation mechanism, in particular, the association between the degradation capability and their phylogenetic motifs is unknown yet. In this paper, we analyzed the 16S rRNA gene sequences of 17 kinds of bacteria, which are usually used for phylogenetic studies. We examined the association between motifs and degradation by distinguishing such motifs that could separate those bacteria into several similar functional groups. Our computational result shows that the motifs have a various positive associations to the degradation, implying that different biodegradation factors are in the play. © 2010 IEEE.

Zhu, R-Q, Li, Y-C, Ni, Y-Y & Zhang, P-T 1970, 'NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN TWO BUBBLES RISING IN THE WATER', PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 29TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OCEAN, OFFSHORE AND ARCTIC ENGINEERING, 2010, VOL 6, 29th ASME International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering, AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS, PEOPLES R CHINA, Shanghai, pp. 955-960.

Zhu, X-Q & Xiang, Y 1970, 'VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF UNDERSEA PIPELINES WITH ARBITRARY BEDDING CONDITIONS', PROCEEDINGS OF THE ELEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING, VOL I AND II, 11th International Symposium on Structural Engineering, SCIENCE PRESS BEIJING, Guangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 1095-1099.

Zong, Y, Xu, G, Dolog, P, Zhang, Y & Liu, R 1970, 'Co-clustering for Weblogs in Semantic Space', Web Information System Engineering-wise 2010, 11th International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 120-127.
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Web clustering is an approach for aggregating web objects into various groups according to underlying relationships among them. Finding co-clusters of web objects in semantic space is an interesting topic in the context of web usage mining, which is able

Zowghi, D & Jin, Z 1970, 'A Framework for the Elicitation and Analysis of Information Technology Service Requirements and Their Alignment with Enterprise Business Goals', 2010 IEEE 34th Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference Workshops, 2010 IEEE 34th Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference Workshops (COMPSACW), IEEE, Seoul, South Korea, pp. 269-272.
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As the economies of the world have become increasingly dependant on Information Technology (IT) services, there is a need for service designers and developers to focus on co-value creation between service providers and service consumers. Developers need to conduct a more rigorous and systematic identification, elicitation, and analysis of IT service requirements than ever before so that the resulting IT services are closely aligned with the enterprise business requirements. Research in Services Science from the business and management discipline has mostly focused on the delivery and management of services experience from the business perspective. Much of the research focus in Service Oriented Computing (SOC) so far has been on the design and delivery of services (especially Web Services), but engineering of IT service requirements has received much less attention. The overall aims of the proposed research is the design and development of an integrated framework and its supporting toolset for the systematic identification, elicitation, and analysis of IT service requirements that satisfy consumers’ needs and are closely aligned with their enterprise business goals.