Publications

Cao, L, Yu, PS, Zhang, C & Zhao, Y 2010, Domain Driven Data Mining, 1, Springer US, New York, USA.
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In the present thriving global economy a need has evolved for complex data analysis to enhance an organization's production systems, decision-making tactics, and performance. In turn, data mining has emerged as one of the most active areas in information technologies. Domain Driven Data Mining offers state-of the-art research and development outcomes on methodologies, techniques, approaches and successful applications in domain driven, actionable knowledge discovery. About this book: •Enhances the actionability and wider deployment of existing data-centered data mining through a combination of domain and business oriented factors, constraints and intelligence. •Examines real-world challenges to and complexities of the current KDD methodologies and techniques. •Details a paradigm shift from 'data-centered pattern mining' to 'domain driven actionable knowledge discovery' for next-generation KDD research and applications. •Bridges the gap between business expectations and research output through detailed exploration of the findings, thoughts and lessons learned in conducting several large-scale, real-world data mining business applications •Includes techniques, methodologies and case studies in real-life enterprise data mining •Addresses new areas such as blog mining Domain Driven Data Mining is suitable for researchers, practitioners and university students in the areas of data mining and knowledge discovery, knowledge engineering, human-computer interaction, artificial intelligence, intelligent information processing, decision support systems, knowledge management, and KDD project management. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010. All rights reserved.

Cetindamar, D, Phaal, R & Probert, D 2010, Technology Management, Macmillan Education UK.
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Eager, DM 2010, Dictionary of Acoustics and Noise Pollution, 1st, McGraw-Hill, Sydney, Australia.
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The Dictionary of Acoustics and Noise Pollution is a comprehensive assembly of terms and definitions with a particular emphasis on the engineering area of acoustics.

Hawryszkiewycz, I 2010, Knowledge Management, Macmillan Education UK.
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Holst, HV 2010, Innovation Driven Research Education Volume I : an Introduction, Kth Royal Institute of Technology.
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The Innovation Driven Research Education Handbook gives an introduction to the world of innovation and enterprise in order to facilitate the understanding of how basic research results can be transformed into new innovations for business ...

Ling, SS 2010, Genetic Algorithm and Variable Feed-Forward Neural Networks: Theory and Application, 1, Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany.
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This thesis focuses on the real-coded genetic algorithm and different topologies of feedforward neural networks. Results in the following areas will be reported: (1) a real-coded genetic algorithm with new crossover and mutation operations, and its applications; (2) three different topologies of variable feed-forward neural networks, and their applications to shortterm electric load forecasting in Hong Kong and hand~written graffiti recognition.

Ahmad, M, Dutkiewicz, E, Huang, X & Suaidi, M 2010, 'Cooperative MIMO Systems in Wireless Sensor Networks' in Radio Communications.

Azadeh, A, Rouzbahman, M & Saberi, M 2010, 'Advances in Human Factors, Ergonomics, and Safety in Manufacturing and Service Industries' in Karwowski, W & Salvendy, G (eds), Advances in Human Factors, Ergonomics, and Safety in Manufacturing and Service Industries, CRC Press, pp. 1222-1232.
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© 2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Researchers have been continuously trying to improve human performance with respect to HSE and ergonomics; hereafter referred to as HSEE. This study proposes a non-parametric efficiency frontier analysis method based on the adaptive neural network (ANN) technique for measuring job satisfaction among operators with respect to HSEE. ln order to conduct this review, we have distributed questionnaires to four working shifts' operators in a gas refinery in which we used variety of questions related to HSE and Ergonomics. We have used ANN to predict the efficiency of HSE and Ergonomics and ranked the efficiencies. It should be noted that work groups have been used to satisfy the importance of teamwork in HSE and Ergonomics systems. By this approach, we assume some work teams according to some principles such as education, age and similarity in nature of works. The main objective of this article was Utilization of adaptive neural network for teamwork assessment versus HSE and Ergonomics. After defining system's efficiency against different shifts operators and ranking them, we began analyzing the results inside working groups. At first, we compared performances of individuals with teams and reviewed the average of these two by using T-test. We then reviewed the performances of different work groups (teams) by using ANOVA F -test.

Blanc-Talon, J, Bone, D, Popescu, D, Philips, W & Scheunders, P 2010, 'Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics): Preface'.

Cetindamar, D, Phaal, R & Probert, D 2010, 'Conclusion: Linking TM Activities with TM Tools' in Technology Management, Macmillan Education UK, pp. 237-247.
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Cetindamar, D, Phaal, R & Probert, D 2010, 'Introduction: A Framework for Understanding TM Activities and Tools' in Technology Management, Macmillan Education UK, pp. 1-28.
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Coulin, C, Zowghi, D & Sahraoui, A-E-K 2010, 'MUSTER' in Advances in Computational Intelligence and Robotics, IGI Global, pp. 146-165.
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In this chapter they present a collaborative and situational tool called MUSTER, that has been specifically designed and developed for requirements elicitation workshops, and which utilizes, extends, and demonstrates a successful application of intelligent technologies for Computer Aided Software Engineering and Computer Aided Method Engineering. The primary objective of this tool is to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the requirements elicitation process for software systems development, whilst addressing some of the common issues often encountered in practice through the integration of intelligent technologies. The tool also offers an example of how a group support system, coupled with artificial intelligence, can be applied to very practical activities and situations within the software development process.

Coulin, CR, Zowghi, D & Sahraoui, A 2010, 'MUSTER: A Situational Tool for Requirements Elicitation' in Meziane, F & Vadera, S (eds), Artificial Intelligence Applications for Improved Software Engineering Development: New Prospects, Information Science Reference, United States of America, pp. 146-166.
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In this chapter they present a collaborative and situational tool called MUSTER, that has been specifically designed and developed for requirements elicitation workshops, and which utilizes, extends, and demonstrates a successful application of intelligent technologies for Computer Aided Software Engineering and Computer Aided Method Engineering. The primary objective of this tool is to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the requirements elicitation process for software systems development, whilst addressing some of the common issues often encountered in practice through the integration of intelligent technologies. The tool also offers an example of how a group support system, coupled with artificial intelligence, can be applied to very practical activities and situations within the software development process.

Crowdy, D & Evans, M 2010, 'Introduction' in Holst, HV, Nguyen, H & Wikander, J (eds), Innovation Driven Research Education, Equinox Publishing, Sweden, pp. 5-6.
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Introduction to Volume 11.1

Csonka, PJ & Waldron, KJ 2010, 'Static and Dynamic Maneuvers With a Tendon-Coupled Biped Robot' in CISM International Centre for Mechanical Sciences, Springer Vienna, pp. 265-272.
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© 2010, CISM, Udine. Bipedal robots have generally either been designed for static motions or dynamic maneuvers, but the ability for operation in the real world in both realms is becoming increasingly relevant. In this work we explain the abilities of a human scale bipedal robot with tendon-coupled knee and ankle joints that is able to balance, step, hop and run several steps in a two dimensional plane.

Farrugia, SP, King, L, Lubke, S & Nguyen, HT 2010, 'Regulatory Approvals' in Holst, HV, Nguyen, H & Wikander, J (eds), Innovation Driven Research Education, Product Innovation Engineering Program, Sweden, pp. 119-151.
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The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of the RegulatOry Approval process for medical devices intended for sa le in (he United States of America. The sale of medical devices in most countries is regu lated by law. In the United States, medical devices are regulated by the Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The FDA mandate is to promote and protect the public health by making safe and effective medical devices available in a timely manner.

Gervasi, V & Zowghi, D 2010, 'On the Role of Ambiguity in RE' in Wieringa, R & Persson, A (eds), Lecture Notes in Computer Science 6182 - Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality, Springer, Germany, pp. 248-254.
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[Context and motivation] Ambiguity has long been pictured as one of the worst enemies of the specifier, especially with reference to ambiguity in natural language (NL) requirements specifications. [Question/problem] In this paper, we investigate the nature of ambiguity, and [Principal ideas/result] advocate that the simplistic view of ambiguity as merely a âdefect❠that has to be avoided at all costs does not do justice to the complexity of this phenomenon. We also provide a finer classification of several types of ambiguities, distinguishing their different causes and effects in the development process. [Contribution] This better understanding can help in the analysis of practical experiences and in the design of more effective methods to detect, mark and handle ambiguity.

Guo, W, Xu, C, Ma, S & Xu, M 2010, 'Visual Attention Based Motion Object Detection and Trajectory Tracking' in Qiu, G, Lam, KM, Kiya, H, Xue, XY, Kuo, CCJ & Lew, MS (eds), Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 462-470.
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A motion trajectory tracking method using a novel visual attention model and kernel density estimation is proposed in this paper. As a crucial step, moving objects detection is based on visual attention. The visual attention model is built by combination of the static and motion feature attention map and a Karhunen-Loeve transform (KLT) distribution map. Since the visual attention analysis is conducted on object level instead of pixel level, the proposed method can detect any kinds of motion objects provided saliency without the affection of objects appearance and surrounding circumstance. After locating the region of moving object, the kernel density is estimated for trajectory tracking. The experimental results show that the proposed method is promising for moving objects detection and trajectory tracking. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.

Hawryszkiewycz, I 2010, 'A Framework for Maintaining Socio-technical Balance during the Evolution of Complex Systems' in Camarinha-Matos, LM, Boucher, X & Afsarmanesh, H (eds), IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 81-87.
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Distributed systems are growing increasingly complex in the sense that they need to reorganize on a regular basis to respond to external opportunities. At the same time research has shown that performance is improved where technology support is aligned to peopleâs activities within the system. This paper provides a framework for ensuring that such alignment is maintained during system evolution. The paper first defines the nature of change using complexity theory as the foundation for defining the nature of change. It then builds on the idea of socio-technical gaps to identify the gaps created by a change. The changes are then outlined in terms of perspectives to provide a systematic basis for managing change. To do this change is expressed in terms of the perspectives to provide a meaningful way to respond to change.

Hawryszkiewycz, IT 2010, 'Perspectives for Integrating Knowledge and Business Processes through Collaboration' in Bider, I, Halpin, T, Krogstie, J, Nurcan, S, Proper, E, Schmidt, R & Ukor, R (eds), Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 82-93.
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Collaboration is now playing a greater role in business processes, where knowledge workers leverage knowledge to develop innovative products and services. Such business processes go beyond the goal of simply achieving a well defined outcome at minimum cost using well defined tasks. They place more emphasis on collaboration and knowledge sharing and ways to change processes as collaboration evolves. The paper calls for greater emphasis on perspectives other than process flow in process design. These are knowledge, social structure, business activity, organization and technology. The paper describes process design ways to combine these perspectives into a holistic model and converting the model a collaborative infrastructure that allows users to align collaborative technologies to their collaboration.

Hawryszkiewycz, IT 2010, 'Process Modeling Semantics for Complex Business Environments' in Janssen, M, Lamersdorf, W, Pries-Heje, J & Rosemann, M (eds), IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 155-166.
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Process management is becoming more complex especially when business units work together to create new systems constructed from many components. The complexity arises both from the growing number of components and relationships as well as continual changes in product requirements and business arrangements. The complexity impacts on process management as support systems are needed to provide the communications and coordination to support the complex relationships and their continuing change. This paper proposes a systematic way to model such processes by developing the semantics to describe complex processes in meaningful ways. The semantics include perspectives other than those found in process flows to provide a more meaningful way to describe and model complex processes. The paper then outlines ways to convert the models to lightweight platforms that directly support the modeling concepts. The paper shows the application to complex tendering processes, which many of which now require greater flexibility and collaboration.

Jupp, J & Gero, J 2010, 'Let’s Look at Style: Visual and Spatial Representation and Reasoning in Design' in Argamon, S, Burns, K & Dubnov, S (eds), The Structure of Style, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 159-195.
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This chapter explores the perception and modeling of style in design relating to visuo-spatial representation and reasoning. We approach this subject via cognitive and contextual considerations significant to the role of style during designing. A designer's ability to represent and reason about design artifacts visually and spatially allows meaningful 'chunks' of design information to be utilized relative to the designer's task and context. Central to cognitive and contextual notions of style are two issues, namely the level of semantic interpretation, and the comparative method's degree of contextual sensitivity. This compound problem requires some explicit and cognitively plausible ordering principle and adaptive measure capable of allowing for dependencies in reasoning about similarities. This chapter first investigates the perception of style in relation to these modeling requirements before demonstrating and testing their implementation. We then discuss style in relation to design tasks and how they can be supported via the classification and retrieval of designs from large databases of visuo spatial information.

Kang, K 2010, 'Considering Culture in Designing Web Based E-commerce' in Kyeong Kang (ed), E-Commerce, In-Tech, Vukovar, Croatia, pp. 99-111.
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This chapter presents investigation of global e-commerce sites, describing methods for understanding cultural issues in designing web based e-commerce sites. The author attempted to show how culture affected the features of the sites, and how these features might be adapted other cultures, through examples presented in the chapter. The chapter focuses on popular design features in web interfaces of global e-commerce sites and differences arising from design in different country sites.

Lu, N, Zhang, G & Lu, J 2010, 'Detecting Change via Competence Model' in Goebel, R, Siekmann, JR, Wahlster, W, Bichindaritz, I & Montani, S (eds), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 6176 - Case-Based Reasoning, Springer, Germany, pp. 201-212.
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In real world applications, interested concepts are more likely to change rather than remain stable, which is known as concept drift. This situation causes problems on predictions for many learning algorithms including case-base reasoning (CBR). When learning under concept drift, a critical issue is to identify and determine âwhen❠and âhow❠the concept changes. In this paper, we developed a competence-based empirical distance between case chunks and then proposed a change detection method based on it. As a main contribution of our work, the change detection method provides an approach to measure the distribution change of cases of an infinite domain through finite samples and requires no prior knowledge about the case distribution, which makes it more practical in real world applications. Also, different from many other change detection methods, we not only detect the change of concepts but also quantify and describe this change.

Luo, C, Zhao, Y, Luo, D, Ou, Y & Liu, L 2010, 'Recent Advances of Exception Mining in Stock Market' in Pedro Furtado (ed), Evolving Application Domains of Data Warehousing and Mining, IGI Global, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 212-232.
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This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive survey of the current advanced technologies of exception mining in stock market. The stock market surveillance is to identify market anomalies so as to provide a fair and efficient trading platform. The technologies of market surveillance developed from simple statistical rules to more advanced technologies, such as data mining and artificial intelligent. This chapter provides the basic concepts of exception mining in stock market. Then the recent advances of exception mining in this domain are presented and the key issues are discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of the advanced technologies are analyzed. Furthermore, our model of OMM (Outlier Mining on Multiple time series) is introduced. Finally, this chapter points out the future research directions and related issues in reality.

Maurya, D, Sultana, Y & Kalam, M 2010, 'Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems' in Surfactant Science, CRC Press, pp. 299-310.
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Nanda, P & He, X 2010, 'Scalable Internet Architecture Supporting Quality of Service (QoS)' in etal, KCL (ed), Handbook of Research on Scalable Computing Technologies, IGI Global, USA, pp. 739-759.
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The evolution of Internet and its successful technologies has brought a tremendous growth in business, education, research etc. over the last four decades. With the dramatic advances in multimedia technologies and the increasing popularity of real-time applications, recently Quality of Service (QoS) support in the Internet has been in great demand. Deployment of such applications over the Internet in recent years, and the trend to manage them efficiently with a desired QoS in mind, researchers have been trying for a major shift from its Best Effort (BE) model to a service oriented model. Such efforts have resulted in Integrated Services (Intserv), Differentiated Services (Diffserv), Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS), Policy Based Networking (PBN) and many more technologies. But the reality is that such models have been implemented only in certain areas in the Internet not everywhere and many of them also faces scalability problem while dealing with huge number of traffic flows with varied priority levels in the Internet. As a result, an architecture addressing scalability problem and satisfying end-to-end QoS still remains a big issue in the Internet. In this chapter the authors propose a policy based architecture which they believe can achieve scalability while offering end to end QoS in the Internet.

Nguyen, HT 2010, 'Technology Dynamics for Innovative Entrepreneurship' in Holst, HV, Nguyen, H & Wikander, J (eds), Innovation Driven Research Education, Product Innovation Engineering Program, Sweden, pp. 107-117.
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Usually, university spin-off companies are based on state-of-the-art developments that come from innovative research work. resulting in the generation of inrel lecruai property and involvement of leading researchers. Associated with these companies. [he risks are greater because they contain more dimensions of in novation than other business ventures. These include novelty to market, novelty (0 management, and novelty to producrion (Shepherd 2000).

Purba, JH, Lu, J, Ruan, D & Zhang, G 2010, 'A Hybrid Approach for Fault Tree Analysis Combining Probabilistic Method with Fuzzy Numbers' in Rutkowski, L, Scherer, R, Tadeusiewicz, R, Zadeh, LA & Zurada, JM (eds), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 6113 - Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing ICAISC 20, Springer, Germany, pp. 194-+.
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Conventional fault tree analysis in safety analysis of complex engineering systems calculates the occurrence probability of the top undesired event using probabilistic failure rates. However, it is often very difficult to obtain those failure rates well in advance due to insufficient data, environment changing or new components. Fuzzy numbers can be applied to estimate failure rates by handling linguistic terms. This study proposes a hybrid approach of Fuzzy Numbers and Fault Tree Analysis to solve the conventional problem and describes its procedures using a case study of emergency core cooling system of a typical nuclear power plant. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.

Raad, I & Huang, X 2010, 'A New Approach to BSOFDM - Parallel Concatenated Spreading Matrices OFDM' in Fourth-Generation Wireless Networks: Applications and Innovations.

Raja, S, Stuart, BH, Thomas, P & O'Brien, C 2010, 'Pyrolysis gas chromatography - mass spectrometry analysis for the estimation of pig bone age for forensic application' in Vieira, DN, Busuttil, A, Cusach, D & Beth, P (eds), Acta Medicinae Legalis et Socialis, Coimbra University Press, Coimbra, Portugal, pp. 11-14.
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The potential of pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GCMS ) as a tool for the estimation of post-mortem age of bones has been investigated. Pig bone specimens prepared under controlled burial conditions in soil were studied and the post-mortem ages ranged from 3 to 48 months. Notable differences were observed in the data produced for younger bone specimens (<1 year) compared to specimens of greater post-mortem age (>1 year). Py-GCMS also demonstrates a relationship of particular peak ratios with the age of bones. The ratios of peaks in the pyrograms were examined and it was demonstrated that the ratios of certain pairs of peaks increase as the bone age increases.

Riduan, M, Dutkiewicz, E, Huang, X & Kadim, M 2010, 'Optimal Cooperative MIMO Scheme in Wireless Sensor Networks' in Radio Communications, InTech.
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Ruiz, N, Chen, F & Oviatt, S 2010, 'Multimodal Input' in Multimodal Signal Processing, Elsevier, pp. 231-255.
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This chapter reviews the advantages of multimodal interfaces and presents some examples of state-of-the-art multimodal systems. The focus is on the links between multimodality and cognition, namely the application of human cognitive processing models to improve understanding of multimodal behavior in different contexts, particularly in situations of high mental demand. The growing interest in multimodal interface design is inspired largely by the goal of supporting more flexible, powerfully expressive, and low cognitive load means of human-computer interaction (HCI). They have the potential to expand computing to more mobile and complex real-world applications, to be used by a broader spectrum of everyday people and to accommodate more adverse usage conditions than in the past. The state-of-the-art multimodal input systems are currently only able to process two to three modal input channels, are application-specific, and have limited interaction vocabularies and grammars. The two most mature types of multimodal systems, in which the keyboard and mouse have been completely replaced, are those that combine either speech and pen input or speech and lip movements. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.

Seiler, K, Singh, SPN & Durrant-Whyte, H 2010, 'Using Lie Group Symmetries for Fast Corrective Motion Planning' in Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 37-52.
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Silverman, BG, Bharathy, GK, Nye, B, Kim, GJ, Roddy, M & Poe, M 2010, 'M&S Methodologies: A Systems Approach to the Social Sciences' in Modeling and Simulation Fundamentals, Wiley, pp. 227-270.
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Silverman, BG, Bharathy, GK, Nye, B, Kim, GJ, Roddy, M & Poe, M 2010, 'M&S Methodologies: A Systems Approach to the Social Sciences' in Modeling and Simulation Fundamentals: Theoretical Underpinnings and Practical Domains, pp. 227-270.
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Su, G, Ying, M & Zhang, C 2010, 'An ADL-Approach to Specifying and Analyzing Centralized-Mode Architectural Connection' in Babar, MA & Gorton, I (eds), Lecture Notes in Computer Science 6285 - Software Architecture, Springer, Germany, pp. 8-23.
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A rigorous paradigm coordinating components is important in the design stage of large-scale software engineering. In this paper we propose a new Architecture Description Language, called ACDL, to represent the centralized-mode architectural connection in which all components are linked by a single connector. Following one usual approach to architectural description, in which component types and components are distinguished, and connectors integrate behaviors of components by specifying their coordination protocols, ACDL describes connectors in such a way that connectors are insensitive to the numbers of attached same-type components. Based on ACDL, we develop analytic techniques to facilitate the system checking of temporal properties of an architecture. In particular, our method shows to what extent one can add, delete and replace components without making the whole system lose desired temporal properties, and improves the system checking in several ways, for example enhancing the use of previous checking results to deal with new checking problems.

Tsai, P, Phuoc, T & Cao, L 2010, 'A New Multimodal Biometric for Personal Identification' in Herout, A (ed), Pattern Recognition Recent Advances, InTech, pp. 341-366.
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V Nguyen, T & A Eisman, J 2010, 'Individualized Prognosis of Fracture in Men' in Osteoporosis in Men, Elsevier, pp. 361-373.
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Osteoporosis and its consequence of fracture in men are increasingly recognized as a major men's health issue with public health significance. Among those aged 60 years or above, approximately one-third of all fractures in the general population occur in men. Men with an initial fracture are at increased risk of subsequent fracture. Although the risk of an initial fracture in men is lower than that in women, the absolute risk of subsequent fracture in men is comparable to that in women. It is well known that men with a fracture have a greater risk of premature mortality than women. For instance, the relative risk of one-year mortality in men with a hip fracture was 4.2, which was higher than that in women (relative risk 3.3) and it appears that most of the excess death occurs within 6 months after the fracture. These facts collectively suggest that fracture in men is a serious medical condition and novel thinking about prevention should be high on the agenda of research and development. One important component of fracture prevention is the development of effective prognostic models for identifying men at high-risk of fragility fracture. This chapter contends that the prognosis of fracture should be individualized by making use of multiple risk factors to which an individual is uniquely exposed. © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

van den Hoven, E 2010, 'Designing for memories' in Skalska, S (ed), TREND BOOK 2010 DUTCH DESIGN WEEK EINDHOVEN/HELSINKI DESIGN WEEK, Dutch Design Week, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, pp. 27-27.
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Where would we be without our personal memories? We use them to maintain our personal identities, to start and media relationships, to shape our likes, dislikes, to regulate our moods and to solve problems. They allow us to share rich life experiences and tell our stories to family and friends. There is no question about the importance of the memories of the events that happen in our lives. As more and more media become digital (whether these be photos, videos/audio snippets, olfactory or haptic cues), new ways of cueing our memory our emerging. My design research focuses on ordinary people using digital media to help them remember everyday situations. For example, by using digital photos to facilitate communication between parents and teens, organizing digital photo collections through smart interactive photo collages, but also by supporting mourners remembering a loved one.

van Schaik, A, Hamilton, TJ & Jin, C 2010, 'Silicon Models of the Auditory Pathway' in Springer Handbook of Auditory Research, Springer US, pp. 261-276.
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Wightley, AC, Baxter, J & Nguyen, HT 2010, 'Design Of A Business Plan For Innovation' in Holst, HV, Nguyen, H & Wikander, J (eds), Innovation Driven Research Education, Product Innovation Engineering Program, Sweden, pp. 153-166.

Wu, Q & He, X 2010, 'Image Partitioning on Spiral Architecture' in etal, KCL (ed), Handbook of Research on Scalable Computing Technologies, IGI Global, USA, pp. 808-840.
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Spiral Architecture is a relatively new and powerful approach to image processing. It contains very useful geometric and algebraic properties. Based on the abundant research achievements in the past decades, it is shown that Spiral Architecture will play an increasingly important role in image processing and computer vision. This chapter presents a significant application of Spiral Architecture for distributed image processing. It demonstrates the impressive characteristics of spiral architecture for high performance image processing. The proposed method tackles several challenging practical problems during the implementation. The proposed method reduces the data communication between the processing nodes and is configurable. Moreover, the proposed partitioning scheme has a consistent approach: after image partitioning each sub-image should be a representative of the original one without changing the basic object, which is important to the related image processing operations.

Xu, M, He, X, Jin, JS, Peng, Y, Xu, C & Guo, W 2010, 'Using Scripts for Affective Content Retrieval' in Qiu, G, Lam, KM, Kiya, H, Xue, XY, Kuo, CCJ & Lew, MS (eds), Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 43-51.
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Movie affective content analysis attracts increasing research efforts since affective content not only affect users attentions but also locate movie highlights. However, affective content retrieval is still a challenging task due to the limitation of affective features in movies. Scripts provide direct access to the movie content and represent affective aspects of the movie. In this paper, we utilize scripts as an important clue to retrieve video affective content. The proposed approach includes two main steps. Firstly, affective script partitions are extracted by detecting emotional words. Secondly, affective partitions are validated by using visual and auditory features. The results are encouraging and compared with the manually labelled ground truth. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.

Zhang, G, Zhang, G, Gao, Y & Lu, J 2010, 'Evolutionary ComputationMethods for Fuzzy Decision Making on Load Dispatch Problems' in Da Ruan (ed), Atlantis Computational Intelligence Systems, Atlantis Press, Paris, France, pp. 301-323.
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This chapter introduces basic concepts relating to a day-ahead market in a power system. A load dispatch model considers a ramp rate and valve-point-loading effects. An environment/economic load dispatch model is presented to handle uncertainty factors. The model provides theoretical foundations for the research on operations and decision making in the electric power market. To solve load dispatch problems from day-ahead markets in power systems, a hybrid evolutionary computation method with a quasi-simplex technique, a weight point method for multi-objective programming, and a fuzzy-number-ranking-based optimization method for fuzzy multi-objective non-linear programming are developed.

Zhang, H, Zhao, Y, Cao, L, Zhang, C & Bohlscheid, H 2010, 'Rare Class Association Rule Mining with Multiple Imbalanced Attributes' in Koh, YS & Rountree, N (eds), Rare Association Rule Mining and Knowledge Discovery, IGI Global, Hershey, Pennsylvania, pp. 66-75.
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In this chapter, the authors propose a novel framework for rare class association rule mining. In each class association rule, the right-hand is a target class while the left-hand may contain one or more attributes. This algorithm is focused on the multiple imbalanced attributes on the left-hand. In the proposed framework, the rules with and without imbalanced attributes are processed in parallel. The rules without imbalanced attributes are mined through a standard algorithm while the rules with imbalanced attributes are mined based on newly defined measurements. Through simple transformation, these measurements can be in a uniform space so that only a few parameters need to be specified by user. In the case study, the proposed algorithm is applied in the social security field. Although some attributes are severely imbalanced, rules with a minority of imbalanced attributes have been mined efficiently.

Zhou, JL & Zhang, Z 2010, 'Analysis of Hormones in Food' in Nollet, LML (ed), Analysis of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Food, Wiley, Iowa, pp. 243-254.
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-, JL, -, DP, -, HH, -, LG & -, XZ 2010, 'Analyzing Triggers in XML Data Integration Systems', International Journal of Digital Content Technology and its Applications, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 38-45.
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Abdul, JM, Vigneswaran, S, Shim, WG & Kandasamy, J 2010, 'Removal of metsulfuron methyl by granular activated carbon adsorption', Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 21, no. 1-3, pp. 247-254.
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The removal of metsulfuron methyl (MSM) from aqueous solution (a sulfonyl urea herbicide) was investigated by adsorption both in batch and fixed bed processes. Coal based granular activated carbon (GAC) was used as an adsorbent. The adsorption equilibrium, isotherms and kinetics of MSM were studied and the data was fitted into various mathematical models. The adsorption equilibrium was fitted by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Homogeneous surface diffusion model (HSDM) kinetic equation with Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm model was successfully applied to predict the adsorption kinetics data for various concentrations of MSM. The average mass transfer coefficients (kf) were 2.125 105 and 2.198 105 m/s with the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm model, respectively. The Bohart-Adams, Thomas, and Yoon and Nelson empirical models were attempted to fit long term column adsorption data. Overall, the Thomas model was found to best simulate the fixed bed adsorption of MSM.

Abry, P, Borgnat, P, Ricciato, F, Scherrer, A & Veitch, D 2010, 'Revisiting an old friend: on the observability of the relation between long range dependence and heavy tail', Telecommunication Systems, vol. 43, no. 3-4, pp. 147-165.
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Adistambha, K, Davis, SJ, Ritz, CH & Burnett, IS 2010, 'Efficient multimedia query-by-content from mobile devices', COMPUTERS & ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 626-642.
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Adnan, R, Masjuki, HH & Mahlia, TMI 2010, 'Computational simulation on emissions of hydrogen fueled compression ignition engine with variable combustion temperature', International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 251-259.
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In this paper, computational simulation on the effect of combustion temperature on emissions characteristics of hydrogen-fuelled compression ignition engine was performed. Combustion process was modeled based on Equilibrium Constant Method (ECM) and programmed using MATLAB program in order to calculate mole fractions of 18 combustion products when hydrogendiesel fuels blends is burnt at variable combustion temperatures. It is observed that throughout all equivalence ratios, higher temperature increases H2, CO, HCN, atoms C, O and H, NO, OH, NO2 and O3 emissions and decreases CO2, H2O, NH3 and CH4, N2, O2 and HNO3 emissions. The highest H 2O emission occurs during stoichiometric combustion and decrease in combustion temperature causes insignificant changes in atom N emission.

Adnan, R, Masjuki, HH & Mahlia, TMI 2010, 'Experimental investigation on in-cylinder pressure and emissions of diesel engine with port injection hydrogen system', International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 136-141.
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Towards the efforts of increasing the performance and reducing pollutant emissions of diesel engine, port injection gaseous fuel system is one of the solutions and it is applicable for dual fuel combustion engines. In this study, series of experiments were carried out to study the effect of continuous port injection hydrogen gas on in-cylinder pressure and emissions of unmodified single cylinder diesel engine. Injection of hydrogen results an increase in in-cylinder peak pressure in the range of 5 to 23 bars and exhaust gas temperature in the range of 3.1% to 10.2% throughout all engine speeds. There were also increases in NOx, CO and CO2 emissions due to presence of hydrogen ranges between 50 to 200 ppm, 420 to 760 ppm and 1.1% to 4.2% (by volume), respectively. On the other hand, continuous port injection hydrogen addition in diesel engine showed reduction of hydrocarbon (HC) at the average of 15 ppm and O2 emissions at the average of 6% (by volume).

Agrawal, A, Kejalakshmy, N, Rahman, BMA & Grattan, KTV 2010, 'Polarization and dispersion properties of elliptical hole golden spiral photonic crystal fiber', Applied Physics B, vol. 99, no. 4, pp. 717-726.
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Aizura, AB, Mahlia, TMI & Masjuki, HH 2010, 'Potential fuel savings and emissions reduction from fuel economy standards implementation for motor-vehicles', Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 255-263.
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Al Amri, H, Abolhasan, M & Wysocki, T 2010, 'Scalability of MANET routing protocols for heterogeneous and homogenous networks', COMPUTERS & ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 752-765.
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In Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET), mobility, traffic and node density are main network conditions that significantly affect performance of routing protocols. Much of the previous research in MANET routing have focused on developing strategies, which suit one specific networking scenario. Therefore, there is no existing protocol that can work well in all different networking scenarios. This paper reviews characteristics of several different classes of routing protocols. Moreover, most of current routing protocols assume homogeneous networking conditions where all nodes have the same capabilities and resources. This paper presents extensive studies simulations for DSR, AODV, LAR1, FSR and WRP in homogenous and heterogeneous networks that consist of different nodes with different resources. The results showed that while all protocols perform reasonably well in homogenous networking conditions, their performance suffer significantly over heterogonous networks.

Alavi, AH, Gandomi, AH & Gandomi, M 2010, 'Comment on ‘Sivapragasam C, Maheswaran R, Venkatesh V. 2008. Genetic programming approach for flood routing in natural channels. Hydrological Processes 22: 623–628’', Hydrological Processes, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 798-799.
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Alavi, AH, Gandomi, AH & Heshmati, AAR 2010, 'Discussion on “Soft computing approach for real-time estimation of missing wave heights” by S.N. Londhe [Ocean Engineering 35 (2008) 1080–1089]', Ocean Engineering, vol. 37, no. 13, pp. 1239-1240.
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Alavi, AH, Gandomi, AH, Mousavi, M & Mollahasani, A 2010, 'High-precision modeling of uplift capacity of suction caissons using a hybrid computational method', Geomechanics and Engineering, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 253-280.
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Alavi, AH, Gandomi, AH, Sahab, MG & Gandomi, M 2010, 'Multi expression programming: a new approach to formulation of soil classification', Engineering with Computers, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 111-118.
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Alexander, K, Eager, D, Scarrott, C & Sushinsky, G 2010, 'Effectiveness of pads and enclosures as safety interventions on consumer trampolines', Injury Prevention, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 185-189.
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BackgroundTrampolines continue to be a major source of childhood injury.ObjectiveTo examine available data on trampoline injuries in order to determine the effectiveness of padding and enclosures.DesignTrampoline injuries from the NEISS database from 2002 to 2007 were reclassified into five cause-categories, to examine evidence for injury trends.SettingThe ASTM trampoline standard recommendations for safety padding were upgraded in 1999 and enclosures were introduced in 1997. This is the first study to examine the impact of these changes.PatientsThe sampling frame comprises patients with NEISS product code ‘consumer trampolines’ (1233). A systematic sample of 360 patients each year is taken.InterventionsThe prominent interventions recommended by the ASTM are netting enclosures to prevent falling off and safety padding to cover frames and springs.Main outcome measuresProportion of injuries within each cause-category and trend estimates.ResultsThere was no evidence for a decline within the injury cause-categories that should be prevented by these interventions from 2002 to 2007.ConclusionsIf these interventions were effective the associated injury causes would be in decline. Instead they remain close to half of all trampoline injuries with no significant change over the period of the study. Follow-up studies are proposed to determine the reasons. Given the number of injuries involved it is recommended that steps be tak...

Al‐Hajjar, M, Leslie, IJ, Tipper, J, Williams, S, Fisher, J & Jennings, LM 2010, 'Effect of cup inclination angle during microseparation and rim loading on the wear of BIOLOX® delta ceramic‐on‐ceramic total hip replacement', Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials, vol. 95B, no. 2, pp. 263-268.
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AbstractCeramic‐on‐ceramic (CoC) bearings in total hip replacements (THRs) have shown low wear volumes under standard gait in hip simulator studies. However, clinical reports have indicated variations in wear rates and formation of stripe‐like wear area on the ceramic femoral heads. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of cup inclination angle and microseparation on the wear of CoC bearings in THRs. The six station Leeds II Physiological Anatomical Joint Simulator was used to investigate the wear of 28 mm diameter alumina matrix composite ceramic bearings (BIOLOX®delta). It was shown that increasing the cup inclination angle from 55o to 65o had no significant effect on the wear rate of BIOLOX®delta CoC under both standard gait and microseparation conditions in this in vitro study. Under standard gait conditions, the mean wear rate for both cup inclination angle conditions was very low at 0.05 mm3/million cycles. The introduction of microseparation to the standard gait cycle increased the mean wear rates to 0.13 mm3/million cycles for the cup inclination angle of 55o and 0.11 mm3/million cycles for that of 65°. The level of increased wear with microseparation was not dependent on cup angle. A stripe of wear on the head also formed, with corresponding superior rim wear on the cup. The wear rates obtained were low compared to the HIPed third generation alumina ceramic (BIOLOX®forte) tested under the same adverse conditions (1.84 mm3/million cycles). BIOLOX®delta has shown lower wear than previous ceramic materials used in ...

Aljibori, HSS, Chong, WP, Mahlia, TMI, Chong, WT, Edi, P, Al-qrimli, H, Anjum, I & Zahari, R 2010, 'Load–displacement behavior of glass fiber/epoxy composite plates with circular cut-outs subjected to compressive load', Materials & Design, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 466-474.
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Al-Mahmoud, F, Castel, A, François, R & Tourneur, C 2010, 'RC beams strengthened with NSM CFRP rods and modeling of peeling-off failure', Composite Structures, vol. 92, no. 8, pp. 1920-1930.
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Alturki, AA, Tadkaew, N, McDonald, JA, Khan, SJ, Price, WE & Nghiem, LD 2010, 'Combining MBR and NF/RO membrane filtration for the removal of trace organics in indirect potable water reuse applications', Journal of Membrane Science, vol. 365, no. 1-2, pp. 206-215.
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Anandagopu, P, Banu, S & Li, J 2010, 'Low thymine content in PINK1 mRNAs and insights into Parkinson’s disease', Bioinformation, vol. 4, no. 10, pp. 452-455.
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Thymine is the only nucleotide base which is changed to uracil upon transcription, leaving mRNA less hydrophobic compared to its DNA counterpart. All the 16 codons that contain uracil (or thymine in gene) as the second nucleotide code for the five large hydrophobic residues (LHRs), namely phenylalanine,v isoleucine, leucine, methionine and valine. Thymine content (i.e. the fraction of XTX codons, where X = A, C, G, or T) in PINK1 mRNA sequences and its relationship with protein stability and function are the focus of this work. This analysis will shed light on PINK1's stability, thus a clue can be provided to understand the mitochondrial dysfunction and the failure of oxidative stress control frequently observed in Parkinson's disease. We obtained the complete PINK1 mRNA sequences of 8 different species. The distributions of XTX codons in different frames are calculated. We observed that the thymine content reached the highest level in the coding frame 1 of the PINK1 mRNA sequence of Bos Taurus (Bt), that is peaked at 27%. Coding frame 1 containing low thymine leads to the reduction in LHRs in the corresponding proteins. Therefore, we conjecture that proteins from the other organisms, including Homo sapiens, lost some of their hydrophobicity and became susceptible to dysfunction. Genes such as PINK1 have reduced thymine in the evolutionary process thereby making their protein products potentially being susceptible to instability and causing disease. Adding more hydrophobic residues (thymine) at appropriate places might help conserve important biological functions.

Anbazhagan, P, Indraratna, B, Rujikiatkamjorn, C & Su, L 2010, 'Using a seismic survey to measure the shear modulus of clean and fouled ballast', Geomechanics and Geoengineering, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 117-126.
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In this paper a first time attempt has been made to measure the low strain shear modulus of clean and fouled ballast using a seismic survey of Multi-channel Analysis of Surface Wave (MASW). A model rail track was built with nine sub-sections, each having different fouling characteristics. MASW survey was performed in the top of each section of ballast and shear wave velocity was measured. The shear modulus of ballast fouled by pulverized rock, clayey sand and coal was calculated by using shear wave velocities and densities of each section and presented. The optimum and critical fouling points are defined considering the shear stiffness and drainage criteria for ballast fouled by clayey sand and coal. In both cases the shear stiffness increased to a maximum and then decreased as the percentage of fouling increased. The degree of fouling corresponding to the maximum shear wave velocity is defined as the optimum fouling point. After a particular degree of fouling the shear stiffness decreased less than clean ballast and the corresponding drainage condition become unacceptable. This point is defined as the critical fouling point. The results obtained from the model track were compared with the field data. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.

Anvari, M, Saidi Mehrabad, M, Azadeh, A & Saberi, M 2010, 'Performance assessment of decision-making units using an adaptive neural network algorithm: one period case', The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 46, no. 9-12, pp. 1059-1069.
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Aryal, R, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J & Naidu, R 2010, 'Urban stormwater quality and treatment', Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 1343-1359.
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Stormwater runoff from urban and suburban areas generates numerous pollutants. The areas include residential areas, parks, commercial areas, industrial areas and road/highways. Land use and human activities largely determine the nature and level of pollutants. Among the various types of pollutants that can contribute to adverse water quality impact in receiving water bodies, of concern are suspended solids, heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nutrients. This paper provides a critical review of the characteristics and sources of urban stormwater pollutants and the manner in which the pollution occurs. Treatment systems for urban stormwater runoff and for urban stormwater harvesting are discussed.

Aryal, R, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J, Baral, B & Grasmick, A 2010, 'Influence of aeration and permeate flux on deposition of particulates on membrane surface', Water Supply, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 979-986.
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In microfiltration, a deposit of foulant tends to form on the membrane surface and this usually controls the performance of the filtration process. This paper discusses the influence of physical parameters such as aeration and permeates flux on migration and deposition of above micron particles on the membrane surface. Kaolin clay suspension of particle 3.7–8 μm with mean particle diameter 4.1 μm was used in this study. Equal amount of mass of deposited particles on the membrane surface created different transmembrane pressure (TMP) when operated at different aeration rates and permeate flux showing that there is a composite effect. The particle deposition rate at the beginning at lower flux was almost linear which changed to a sharp logarithamic rise at higher flux. The difference in TMP rise for the same amount of deposit demonstrated the selective nature of particle deposition. The mass of the particle deposition on the membrane surface could be described by two parameters: maximum deposition and time using a simple empirical logarithamic equation y=k/[1+exp(b−at)], where k, a, and b are constant; y is the particulate mass deposit (g/m2) and t is the time. The maximum particle mass deposition growth could be described by the equation dy/dt=1/4ka.

Aryal, RK, Vigneswaran, S & Kandasamy, J 2010, 'Influence of buoyant media on particle layer dynamics in microfiltration membranes', Water Science and Technology, vol. 61, no. 7, pp. 1733-1738.
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This study forms a part of the physical study of the membrane bioreactor in presence of buoyancy media. Kaolin clay suspension with buoyancy media (anthracite) was used as a suspension and the particle layer development on membrane surface with evolution of time was studied. Presence of buoyancy media reduced the pressure development by almost two folds compared to in absence of the media. The particles deposition on membrane surface was size selective. The mean particle diameter (0.45 μm) deposited on the membrane surface remained almost similar in presence of the media after 7 hrs run where as in its absence the mean diameter finer particles deposition occurred at the beginning followed by coarser particles.

Atanassov, KT & Shannon, AG 2010, 'A short remark on Fibonacci-type sequences, Möbius strips and theψ-function', International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, vol. 41, no. 8, pp. 1125-1127.
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A base for linear recursive sequences, such as the sequence of Fibonacci numbers, is defined within the framework of the sum of the digits of a number. Examples of bases of a number of such sequences are then outlined, and a Mobius strip is also used to illustrate the effects diagrammatically.

Athab, HS & Lu, DD-C 2010, 'A High-Efficiency AC/DC Converter With Quasi-Active Power Factor Correction', IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 1103-1109.
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Athab, HS & Lu, DD-C 2010, 'Simple controller for single-phase power factor correction rectifier', IET Power Electronics, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 590-600.
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Atkins, A, Bignal, KL, Zhou, JL & Cazier, F 2010, 'Profiles of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls from the combustion of biomass pellets', Chemosphere, vol. 78, no. 11, pp. 1385-1392.
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An investigation was made into the emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as well as inorganic gases (e.g. CO) from a wood fired combustion boiler using wood pellets, under two different boiler operating modes. Levels of total PAHs varied from 6.4 and 154 μg m-3, and were found to be dominating in the gas phase (>80%), regardless of pellet type and boiler operating mode. In addition to this, PAH concentrations were higher in slumber mode than in full flame, and increased with the moisture content of pellets, consistent with the lower combustion efficiency in slumber mode (58.6-64.3%) than in full flame (74.4-82.3%). PAHs in the gas phase comprised mainly of low molecular mass compounds, while PAHs in the particulate phase were mostly composed of high molecular mass compounds, consistent with the physicochemical properties of such compounds. In comparison to PAHs, significantly lower concentrations of PCBs (a maximum of 2.5 μg m-3) were released from pellet combustion, consistent with the virgin nature of the pellets. The PCBs in both the gas and particulate phases were dominated by hexachlorinated congeners, although congeners with more chlorine substitution were more abundant in the particulate phase than in gas phase. Significant relationships were established between CO and organic pollutants, and between PAHs and PCBs, which are useful tools for prediction purposes. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Azadeh, A, Javanmardi, L & Saberi, M 2010, 'The impact of decision-making units features on efficiency by integration of data envelopment analysis, artificial neural network, fuzzy C-means and analysis of variance', International Journal of Operational Research, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 387-387.
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In today's working environment, there is a great desire to identify the critical attributes for sensitivity analysis of inefficient decision-making units (DMUs) regarding personnel attributes. An integrated algorithm, which uses data envelopment analysis (DEA) and data mining tools including fuzzy C-means (FCM), rough set theory (RST), artificial neural network (ANN), cross validation test technique (CVTT) and analysis of variance (ANOVA), is proposed to asses the impact of personnel attributes on efficiency. DEA is used for DMUs' efficiency evaluation. ANN is employed with regard to its ability to model linear and non-linear systems. As numerous inputs are not useful for ANN modelling, RST and ANN are combined to resolve this issue. RST is used to decrease the time of decision-making. FCM is used for data clustering and finally ANOVA is utilised for identification of attributes importance. The proposed algorithm is applied to an actual banking system. Copyright © 2010 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Azadeh, A, Saberi, M & Anvari, M 2010, 'An integrated artificial neural network algorithm for performance assessment and optimization of decision making units', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 37, no. 8, pp. 5688-5697.
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Azadeh, A, Saberi, M & Ghorbani, S 2010, 'An ANFIS algorithm for improved forecasting of oil consumption: A case study of USA, Russia, India and Brazil', Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, vol. 69, no. 3, pp. 194-203.
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This paper proposed an adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) algorithm for oil consumption forecasting based on monthly oil consumption (January 2001 - September 2006) in USA, Russia, India and Brazil. Using mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), efficiency of different ANFIS models was examined. Proposed algorithm used Autocorrelation Function (ACF) to define input variables irrespective of trial and error method (TEM). Algorithm for calculating ANHS performance is based on its closed and open simulation abilities.

Azadeh, A, Saberi, M & Gitiforouz, A 2010, 'An integrated fuzzy regression algorithm for improved electricity consumption estimation', International Journal of Operational Research, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1-1.
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This study presents an integrated fuzzy regression and time-series technique to estimate and predict electricity demand. Furthermore, it is difficult to model uncertain behaviour of energy consumption with only conventional time-series and fuzzy regression, which could be an ideal substitute for such cases. After reviewing various fuzzy regression models and studying their advantages and shortcomings, the best model is selected. Also, the impact of data preprocessing and post-processing on the fuzzy regression performance is to study and to show that this method does not contribute to the efficiency of the model. In addition, another unique feature of this study is utilisation of autocorrelation function to define input variables versus trial and error method. At last, the comparison of actual data with fuzzy regression and ARIMA model, using Granger-Newbold test, is achieved. Monthly electricity consumption of Iran from 1995 to 2005 is considered as the case of this study. Copyright © 2010 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Azadeh, A, Saberi, M & Seraj, O 2010, 'An integrated fuzzy regression algorithm for energy consumption estimation with non-stationary data: A case study of Iran', Energy, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 2351-2366.
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Azadeh, A, Saberi, M, Anvari, M & Moghaddam, M 2010, 'An integrated ANN-K-Means algorithm for improved performance assessment of electricity distribution units', JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH, vol. 69, no. 9, pp. 672-679.

Azadeh, A, Saberi, M, Ghaderi, SF & Gitiforouz, A 2010, 'Estimating and improving electricity demand function in residential sector with imprecise data by fuzzy regression', International Journal of Mathematics in Operational Research, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 405-405.
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This paper presents a fuzzy regression approach for estimation of electricity demand in residential sector with imprecise data. Moreover, electricity consumption in residential sector plays an important role in economical decision-making process. This is also highlighted by the fact that residential sector has the largest share of consumption among all the other sectors including industrial, business, and so on. The importance of fuzzy regression becomes evident by facing imprecise quantities and insufficient amount of data for estimation of energy consumption in residential sector. Fuzzy regression is applied to Iranian residential sectors. A review of a fuzzy linear regression is presented in which the centre regression line has the best ability to interpret training data. The interpretation ability of the regression line can be measured by the proposed index of confidence. Finally, an estimation of electricity demand function in residential sector for three different values of h is presented. Copyright © 2010 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Baig, DEZ, Su, H, Cheng, TM, Savkin, AV, Su, SW & Celler, BG 2010, 'Modeling of human Heart Rate response during walking, cycling and rowing.', Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Conference, pp. 2553-2556.
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The aim of this paper is to study the human Heart Rate (HR) response during walking, cycling and rowing exercises using linear time varying (LTV) models. We used the frequency of exercise locomotion as the input to the model. This frequency characterizes the stride rate, cadence rate and strokes rate of the walking, cycling and rowing exercises respectively. The time varying parameters in the LTV models were estimated by the Kalman Filter (KF). The results in this study demonstrate that HR responses to these exercises exhibit some degree of time varying nature.

Balaam, JL, Grover, D, Johnson, AC, Jürgens, M, Readman, J, Smith, AJ, White, S, Williams, R & Zhou, JL 2010, 'The use of modelling to predict levels of estrogens in a river catchment: How does modelled data compare with chemical analysis and in vitro yeast assay results?', Science of The Total Environment, vol. 408, no. 20, pp. 4826-4832.
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Effluent discharges at Rodbourne sewage treatment works (STWs) were assessed using chemical and in vitro biological analysis as well as modelling predictions. Results showed that Rodbourne STW discharged less estrone (E1) than expected, but similar 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2) to those predicted by a widely cited effluent prediction model. The Exposure Analysis Modelling System (EXAMS) model was set up using measured effluent concentrations as its starting point to predict estrogen concentrations along a 10. km length of the receiving water of the River Ray. The model adequately simulated estrogen concentrations along the river when compared to July 2007 measured data. The model predicted combined estrogen equivalents in reasonable agreement with estrogenicity as measured by passive sampler (POCIS) extracts using the yeast estrogen screen. Using gauged mean flow values for 2007 the model indicated that the most important determinand for estrogen exposure in the Ray was not season, but proximity to the Rodbourne effluent. Thus, fish in the first 3. km downstream of Rodbourne were typically exposed to two or even three times more estrogens than those living 7-10. km further downstream. The modelling indicated that, assuming the effluent estrogen concentrations measured in February 2008 were typical, throughout the year the whole length of the Ray downstream of Rodbourne would be estrogenic, i.e. exceeding the 1. ng/L E2 equivalent threshold for endocrine disruption. © 2010.

Balasubramanian, V & Hoang, DB 2010, 'Reliability Measure Model for Assistive Care Loop Framework Using Wireless Sensor Networks', JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 239-254.
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Body area wireless sensor networks (BAWSNs) are time-critical systems that rely on the collective data of a group of sensor nodes. Reliable data received at the sink is based on the collective data provided by all the source sensor nodes and not on individual data. Unlike conventional reliability, the definition of retransmission is inapplicable in a BAWSN and would only lead to an elapsed data arrival that is not acceptable for time-critical application. Time-driven applications require high data reliability to maintain detection and responses. Hence, the transmission reliability for the BAWSN should be based on the critical time. In this paper, we develop a theoretical model to measure a BAWSN's transmission reliability, based on the critical time. The proposed model is evaluated through simulation and then compared with the experimental results conducted in our existing Active Care Loop Framework (ACLF). We further show the effect of the sink buffer in transmission reliability after a detailed study of various other co-existing parameters.

Ball, JE & Rankin, K 2010, 'The hydrological performance of a permeable pavement', URBAN WATER JOURNAL, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 79-90.
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Urban stormwater runoff is a transport medium for many contaminants from anthropogenic sources. There are many alternative management strategies available to treat these contaminants. One of the technologies suggested for this purpose is the use of permeable pavements to minimise the quantity of surface runoff generated by impervious surfaces within an urban catchment. Reported herein are the results of a monitoring program undertaken to assess the effectiveness of permeable road surface for managing the quantity and quality of stormwater runoff. It was found that the catchment, where the permeable road surface was installed, had the effective imperviousness reduced from 45% prior to reconstruction of the road surface to less than 5% after reconstruction of the road. Furthermore, it was found that the generation of surface runoff from the permeable road surface required a rainfall intensity in excess of 20 mm/h. Finally, the quality of the surface runoff was found to be at the lower levels of runoff from road surfaces. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.

Bernardo, DV & Hoang, DB 2010, 'Securing data transfer in the cloud through introducing identification packet and UDT-authentication option field: a characterization', International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA), Vol.2, No.4, October 2010, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 13-28.
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The emergence of various technologies has since pushed researchers to developnew protocols that support high density data transmissions in Wide AreaNetworks. Many of these protocols are TCP protocol variants, which havedemonstrated better performance in simulation and several limited networkexperiments but have limited practical applications because of implementationand installation difficulties. On the other hand, users who need to transferbulk data (e.g., in grid/cloud computing) usually turn to application levelsolutions where these variants do not fair well. Among protocols considered inthe application level solutions are UDP-based protocols, such as UDT (UDP-basedData Transport Protocol) for cloud /grid computing. Despite the promisingdevelopment of protocols like UDT, what remains to be a major challenge thatcurrent and future network designers face is to achieve survivability andsecurity of data and networks. Our previous research surveyed various securitymethodologies which led to the development of a framework for UDT. In thispaper we present lowerlevel security by introducing an Identity Packet (IP) andAuthentication Option (AO) for UDT.

Besinger, A, Sztynda, T, Lal, S, Duthoit, C, Agbinya, J, Jap, B, Eager, D & Dissanayake, G 2010, 'Optical flow based analyses to detect emotion from human facial image data', EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS, vol. 37, no. 12, pp. 8897-8902.
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Artificial recognition of facial expression has attracted a lot of attention in the last few years and different facial expression detection methods have been developed. The current study uses a feature point tracking technique separately applied to the five facial image regions (eyebrows, eyes and mouth) to capture basic emotions. The used dataset contains a total 60 facial images from subject's different genders and nationality not wearing glasses and/or facial hair. Results show that the used point tracking algorithm separately applied to the five facial image regions can detect emotions in image sequences. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Beydoun, G, Hoffmann, A & Hamade, RF 2010, 'Automating dimensional tolerancing using Ripple down Rules (RDR)', EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS, vol. 37, no. 7, pp. 5101-5109.
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Beyer, M, Lohrengel, B & Nghiem, LD 2010, 'Membrane fouling and chemical cleaning in water recycling applications', Desalination, vol. 250, no. 3, pp. 977-981.
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Bhattacharyya, NK, De, A, Bera, P, Mongal, S, Chakraborty, S & Bandopadhyay, R 2010, 'Ovarian tumors in pediatric age group - A clinicopathologic study of 10 years′ cases in West Bengal, India', Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology, vol. 31, no. 02, pp. 54-57.
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Abstract Background and objectives: Objective in this retrospective study is to find out the incidence of different ovarian tumors of girls up to 20 years of age observed in last ten years in North Bengal Medical College and to correlate clinical and gross findings with histopathologic findings and to compare the incidence with other studies and follow-up of patients with malignant ovarian tumors. Materials and Methods: Findings were retrieved from records of different pathological reports and clinical reports. Results: Total 151 cases of ovarian tumors were received in pathology department in which 34 cases were malignant (22.6%). Amongst malignant cases, 66% are of germ-cell origin-dysgerminoma being the commonest. Strikingly we got 9 cases of malignant surface epithelial tumor. As per follow-up records most of the dysgerminoma came in stage IA and recovered fully following chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Amongst other malignant tumors, few lost the follow-up management and others expired due to metastasis. Conclusions: Patients from hilly areas of North Bengal and low socio-economic status led to lower detection rate of ovarian tumors in early stage which are absolutely necessary for proper guidelines of management to reduce mortality.

Biswajeet, P 2010, 'Role of GIS in Natural Hazard Detection', Modeling and Mitigation, Disasler Advances, vol. 3, no. 1.

Biswajeet, P 2010, 'Role of GIS in natural hazard detection, modeling and mitigation', Disaster Advances, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 3-4.

Biswajeet, P & Hamid, A 2010, 'Forest fire detection and monitoring using high temporal MODIS and NOAA AVHRR satellite images in peninsular Malaysia', Disaster Advances, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 18-23.
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Forest fires cause significant economic damages and hazard to environment all over the world. Apart from preventive measures, early warning and fast extinction of fires are the only chance to avoid major casualties and damage to nature. This paper describes methodology based on remote sensing and GIS for provision of various early warning of forest fire (so called hot spots) danger conditions for regulatory authorities to take actions for mitigation. Hot spot locations were identified through an automated procedure from high temporal satellite images such as MODIS and NOAA AVHRR scenes. Combination of the Daily Hotspot Images coupled with various GIS layers was used to generate Active Forest Fire Map for the study area. Results from the model can support detection and monitoring for wild fires in the forest and enhance alert system junction by simulating and visualizing forest fire and helps for contingency planning.

Biswajeet, P & Saied, P 2010, 'Comparison between prediction capabilities of neural network and fuzzy logic techniques for L and slide susceptibility mapping', Disaster Advances, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 26-34.
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Preparation of L and slide susceptibility maps is important for engineering geologists and geomorphologists. However, due to complex nature of L and slides, producing a reliable susceptibility map is not easy. In recent years, various data mining and soft computing techniques are getting popular for the prediction and classification of L and slide susceptibility and hazard mapping. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the prediction capabilities between the neural network and fuzzy logic model for L and slide susceptibility mapping in a geographic information system (GIS) environment. In the first stage, L and slide-related factors such as altitude, slope angle, slope aspect, distance to drainage, distance to road, lithology and normalized difference vegetation index (ndvi) were extracted from topographic and geology and soil maps. Secondly, L and slide locations were identified from the interpretation of aerial photographs, high resolution satellite imageries and extensive field surveys. Then L and slide-susceptibility maps were produced by the application of neural network and fuzzy logic approahc using the aforementioned L and slide related factors. Finally, the results of the analyses were verified using the L and slide location data and compared with the neural network and fuzzy logic models. The validation results showed that the neural network model (accuracy is 88%) is better in prediction than fuzzy logic (accuracy is 84%) models. Results show that 'gamma' operator (X = 0.9) showed the best accuracy (84%) while 'or' operator showed the worst accuracy (66%).

Biswajeet, P, Saro, L & Manfred, F 2010, 'A GIS-based back-propagation neural network model and its cross-application and validation for landslide susceptibility analysis', Environmental Modelling & Software, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 747-759.

Bjornerem⁎, A, Ghasem-Zadeh, A, Bui, M, Wang, X, Rantzau, C, Nguyen, TV, Hopper, JL & Seeman, E 2010, 'Bone's structural design determines its own decay', Bone, vol. 47, pp. S33-S34.
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Blamires, SJ 2010, 'Plasticity in extended phenotypes: orb web architectural responses to variations in prey parameters', Journal of Experimental Biology, vol. 213, no. 18, pp. 3207-3212.
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SUMMARYA spider orb web is an extended phenotype; it modifies and interacts with the environment, influencing spider physiology. Orb webs are plastic, responding to variations in prey parameters. Studies attempting to understand how nutrients influence spider orb-web plasticity have been hampered by the inability to decouple prey nutrients from other, highly correlated, prey factors and the intrinsic link between prey protein and prey energy concentration. I analyzed the nutrient concentrations of cockroaches, and adult and juvenile crickets to devise experiments that controlled prey protein concentration while varying prey size, ingested mass, energy concentration and feeding frequency of the orb web spider Argiope keyserlingi. I found that A. keyserlingi alters overall architecture according to feeding frequency. Decoration length was inversely related to ingested prey mass and/or energy density in one experiment but directly related to ingested prey mass in another. These contradictory results suggest that factors not examined in this study have a confounding influence on decoration plasticity. As decorations attract prey as well as predators decreasing decoration investment may, in some instances, be attributable to benefits no longer outweighing the risks. Web area was altered according to feeding frequency, and mesh size altered according to feeding frequency and prey length. The number of radii in orb webs was unaffected by prey parameters. A finite amount of silk can be invested in the orb web, so spiders trade-off smaller mesh size with larger web capture area, explaining why feeding frequency influenced both web area and mesh size. Mesh size is additionally responsive to prey size via sensory cues, with spiders constructing webs suitable for catching the most common or most profitable prey.

Blamires, SJ, Chao, I-C & Tso, I-M 2010, 'Prey type, vibrations and handling interactively influence spider silk expression', Journal of Experimental Biology, vol. 213, no. 22, pp. 3906-3910.
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SUMMARYThe chemical and mechanical properties of spider major ampullate (MA) silks vary in response to different prey, mostly via differential expression of two genes – MaSp1 and MaSp2 – although the spinning process exerts additional influence over the mechanical properties of silk. The prey cues that initiate differential gene expression are unknown. Prey nutrients, vibratory stimuli and handling have been suggested to be influential. We performed experiments to decouple the vibratory stimuli and handling associated with high and low kinetic energy prey (crickets vs flies) from their prey nutrients to test the relative influence of each as inducers of silk protein expression in the orb web spider Nephila pilipes. We found that the MA silks from spiders feeding on live crickets had greater percentages of glutamine, serine, alanine and glycine than those from spiders feeding on live flies. Proline composition of the silks was unaffected by feeding treatment. Increases in alanine and glycine in the MA silks of the live-cricket-feeding spiders indicate a probable increase in MaSp1 gene expression. The amino acid compositions of N. pilipes feeding on crickets with fly stimuli and N. pilipes feeding on flies with cricket stimuli did not differ from each other or from pre-treatment responses, so these feeding treatments did not induce differential MaSp expression. Our results indicate that cricket vibratory stimuli and handling interact with nutrients to induce N. pilipes to adjust their gene expression to produce webs with mechanical properties appropriate for the retention of this prey. This shows that spiders can genetically alter their silk chemical compositions and, presumably, mechanical properties upon exposure to different prey types. The lack of any change in proline composition with feeding treatment in N. pilipes suggests that the MaSp model determined for Nephila clavipes is not universally applicable to all Nephila.

Blamires, SJ, Lee, Y-H, Chang, C-M, Lin, I-T, Chen, J-A, Lin, T-Y & Tso, I-M 2010, 'Multiple structures interactively influence prey capture efficiency in spider orb webs', Animal Behaviour, vol. 80, no. 6, pp. 947-953.
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Blount, M, Ebling, MR, Eklund, JM, James, AG, McGregor, C, Percival, N, Smith, K & Sow, D 2010, 'Real-Time Analysis for Intensive Care: Development and Deployment of the Artemis Analytic System', IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 110-118.
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Boord, P, Craig, A, Tran, Y & Nguyen, H 2010, 'Discrimination of left and right leg motor imagery for brain–computer interfaces', Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 343-350.
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This article reports on a study to identify electroencephalography (EEG) signals with potential to provide new BCI channels through mental motor imagery (MMI). Leg motion was assessed to see if left and right leg MMI could be discriminated in the EEG. The study also explored simultaneous observation of leg movement as a means to enhance MMI evoked EEG signals. The results demonstrate that MMI of the left and right leg produce a contralateral preponderance of EEG alpha band desynchronization, which can be spatially discriminated. This suggests that lower extremity MMI could provide signals for additional BCI channels. The study also shows that movement imitation enhances alpha band desynchronization during MMI, and might provide a useful aid in the identification and training of BCI signals. © International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering 2010.

Bousquet, F & Voinov, A 2010, 'Preface to this thematic issue', Environmental Modelling & Software, vol. 25, no. 11, pp. 1267-1267.
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Budka, M, Gabrys, B & Ravagnan, E 2010, 'Robust predictive modelling of water pollution using biomarker data', Water Research, vol. 44, no. 10, pp. 3294-3308.
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Burdon, S, Webb, W & Courtney, N 2010, 'Leading digital economies: a best practice approach to converged regulation', info, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 3-15.
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PurposeOver the past decade telecommunications media and technology (TMT) has driven a new era that has evolved into the digital age. There is a growing consensus in developed countries that TMT is the most important driver of economic and social development for a society. Its genesis began in the USA and its cultural preference for market‐based development set the framework for national policy and development. Recently the formation of convergence regulators amongst many of the leading nations has begun another episode. This article aims to explore and build upon a research study of the senior executives of six of the leading convergence regulators in Asia and Europe. The article aims to analyse by way of a numeric comparison expert views of the key convergence issues three and five years out.Design/methodology/approachA generic conceptual model was constructed of the foundation, social and economic dividend issues. By examining the relative progress of nations developments of these issues and their different approaches, new insights are developed into different regulatory approaches.FindingsThe concept of proactive regulation with competition (PRC) would appear to have benefits for a number of these nations. It is hoped that these research outcomes and hypotheses will generate further research and analysis amongst the world's leading regulators in order to work through the best regulatory approaches for the current challenges.Originality/valueThe paper presents original research regarding regulatory challe...

Burnham, DR, Reece, PJ & McGloin, D 2010, 'Parameter exploration of optically trapped liquid aerosols', Physical Review E, vol. 82, no. 5.
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Bybee, K 2010, 'Evaluation of LNG, CNG, GTL, and NGHs for Monetization of Stranded Gas', Journal of Petroleum Technology, vol. 62, no. 04, pp. 61-62.
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This article, written by Assistant Technology Editor Karen Bybee, contains highlights of paper IPTC 14083, ’Evaluation of LNG, CNG, GTL and NGH for Monetization of Stranded Associated Gas With the Incentive of Carbon Credit,’ by R. Khalilpour, SPE, and I.A. Karimi, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, originally prepared for the 2009 International Petroleum Technology Conference, Doha, Qatar, 7-9 December. Associated gas is estimated to account for 17% of global gas reserves. However, the majority of associated-gas resources are small or located offshore, which has made their use uneconomical. Operators thus have preferred either flaring or reinjecting the gas rather than use. There are a number of gas technologies that have the potential to make the development of stranded gas resources economically viable. The full-length paper details a study that investigated each of these processes on the basis of different variables.   Introduction Associated gas is natural gas found in association with crude oil. According to the latest data from the Energy Information Administration, the total world gas reserves are approximately 6,200 Tcf. Some studies have estimated that global associated-gas reserves without commercial value exceed 1,000 Tcf. The National Geographic Data Center through collaboration with the World Bank’s Global Gas Flaring Reduction (GGFR) partnership is carrying out a project to develop a method to estimate global gas-flaring volumes on the basis of satellite-sensor observations. The center has reported the global volume at approximately 4.9 to 6.1 Tcf/yr within the period of 1994–2008, with a maximum amount of 6.1 Tcf in year 2005 and minimum of 4.9 Tcf in 2008. This amount of gas accounts for approximately 5 to 6% of total world natural-gas consumption.

Cagno, E, Trucco, P, Trianni, A & Sala, G 2010, 'Quick-E-scan: A methodology for the energy scan of SMEs', Energy, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 1916-1926.
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Cai, Y, Guo, YJ & Weily, AR 2010, 'A Frequency-Reconfigurable Quasi-Yagi Dipole Antenna', IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 9, pp. 883-886.
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A new frequency-reconfigurable quasi-Yagi dipole antenna is presented. It consists of a driven dipole element with two varactors in two arms, a director with an additional varactor, a truncated ground plane reflector, a microstrip-to-coplanar-stripline (CPS) transition, and a novel biasing circuit. The effective electrical length of the director element and that of the driven arms are adjusted together by changing the biasing voltages. A 35% continuously frequency-tuning bandwidth, from 1.80 to 2.45 GHz, is achieved. This covers a number of wireless communication systems, including 3G UMTS, US WCS, and WLAN. The length-adjustable director allows the endfire pattern with relatively high gain to be maintained over the entire tuning bandwidth. Measured results show that the gain varies from 5.6 to 7.6 dBi and the front-to-back ratio is better than 10 dB. The H-plane cross polarization is below -15 dB, and that in the E-plane is below -20 dB. © 2006 IEEE.

Cai, Y, Guo, YJ, Qin, PY, Weily, AR & IEEE 2010, 'Frequency Reconfigurable Quasi-Yagi Dipole Antenna', 2010 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, vol. 58, pp. 2742-2747.

Cao, L 2010, 'Domain-Driven Data Mining: Challenges and Prospects', IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 755-769.
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Traditional data mining research mainly focus]es on developing, demonstrating, and pushing the use of specific algorithms and models. The process of data mining stops at pattern identification. Consequently, a widely seen fact is that 1) many algorithms have been designed of which very few are repeatable and executable in the real world, 2) often many patterns are mined but a major proportion of them are either commonsense or of no particular interest to business, and 3) end users generally cannot easily understand and take them over for business use. In summary, we see that the findings are not actionable, and lack soft power in solving real-world complex problems. Thorough efforts are essential for promoting the actionability of knowledge discovery in real-world smart decision making. To this end, domain-driven data mining (D3M) has been proposed to tackle the above issues, and promote the paradigm shift from ÃÂdata-centered knowledge discoveryÃÂ to ÃÂdomain-driven, actionable knowledge delivery.ÃÂ In D3M, ubiquitous intelligence is incorporated into the mining process and models, and a corresponding problem-solving system is formed as the space for knowledge discovery and delivery. Based on our related work, this paper presents an overview of driving forces, theoretical frameworks, architectures, techniques, case studies, and open issues of D3M. We understand D3M discloses many critical issues with no thorough and mature solutions available for now, which indicates the challenges and prospects for this new topic.

Carpi, LC, Saco, PM & Rosso, OA 2010, 'Missing ordinal patterns in correlated noises', Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, vol. 389, no. 10, pp. 2020-2029.
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Castel, A, Vidal, T & François, R 2010, 'Bond and cracking properties of self-consolidating concrete', Construction and Building Materials, vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 1222-1231.
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Catchpoole, DR, Kennedy, P, Skillicorn, DB & Simoff, S 2010, 'The Curse of Dimensionality: A Blessing to Personalized Medicine', Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol. 28, no. 34, pp. e723-e724.
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Cetindamar, D 2010, 'Innovation, Science and Institutional Change: A Research Handbook', Regional Studies, vol. 44, no. 9, pp. 1305-1306.
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CETINDAMAR, D & GUNSEL, A 2010, 'ISTANBUL: A CANDIDATE CITY FOR THE GLOBAL INNOVATION LEAGUE', Journal of Global Strategic Management, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 74-74.
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Chaczko, Z, Aboura, K & Agbinya, J 2010, 'Software Engineering for Mapping Radio Frequency Pollution', International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 129-136.
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Software Engineering for Mapping Radio Frequency PollutionElectromagnetic fields radiation has raised concerns within several segments of the population in the past three decades. Many studies proved inconclusive, in part due to the scarcity of data. We propose the idea of a geographical model based radiation pollution database. We discuss networked sensing technology for detection and monitoring of electromagnetic fields. We elaborate on software engineering issues for the visualization in real time of electromagnetic field mappings and the dissemination of information through various means and levels of access. We propose the database be complimented by a data algorithmic software solution for the extraction of patterns.

Chaivongvilan, S & Sharma, D 2010, 'A comprehensive framework for analysing long-term energy scenarios for Thailand', International Energy Journal, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 193-202.
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Energy is one of the most critical ingredients for economic development and prosperity of any nation. It is more so for a developing country like Thailand where energy is critically needed in order to realize the economic growth aspirations of the country. The task of providing adequate and reliable energy has however emerged as a challenging policy issue for Thailand, particularly when viewed in the context of the evolving socio-economic dynamics of the country, typified by an energy sector that is in the throes of reform, resource scarcity, energy dependence, industrial development and high economic growth. In order, therefore, to satisfy the expected energy requirements and sustain economic prosperity, effective national energy policies would be needed. A review of the existing energy policies suggests that these policies are somewhat narrow, fragmented and insular. They therefore are unlikely to be able to satisfactorily meet the energy needs of Thailand. This deficiency could however - this paper contends - be overcome by taking a fresher perspective on the nature of policy challenges and strategies to redress them. Such a perspective, this paper further argues, could be assisted by adopting a comprehensive framework that could accommodate the specificities of Thailand while integrating the technical, economic, environmental and political dimensions of the energy sector in a cohesive and consistent manner. This paper is an early attempt at developing such a framework.

Chanan, A, Saravanamuth, V, Kandasamy, J & Shon, HK 2010, 'Chemical-assisted physico-biological water mining system', PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS-WATER MANAGEMENT, vol. 163, no. 9, pp. 469-474.
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Water mining is the process of extracting valuable water from a sewerage network by treating raw sewage to high standards. A range of commercially viable water mining treatment technologies are now available to treat sewage to specified water quality targets. Most of these technologies have minimal plant footprint requirements, making them suitable for decentralised operations. This paper discusses a hybrid water mining system that includes chemically assisted fine solids separation followed by a biological treatment process. Results from the first proof testing of this water mining system in Sydney, Australia are presented. The results confirm the suitability of the hybrid system for producing high-quality water for non-potable reuse.

Chanan, A, Vigneswaran, S & Kandasamy, J 2010, 'Valuing stormwater, rainwater and wastewater in the soft path for water management: Australian case studies', Water Science and Technology, vol. 62, no. 12, pp. 2854-2861.
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A Water Sensitive City is now commonly acknowledged best practice for designing the cities of the future. In Australia, the National Water Initiative has allocated high priority towards offering insight into successful water sensitive urban development projects, to facilitate capacity building within the industry. This paper shares innovative water sensitive projects implemented at Kogarah City Council, in Sydney. Four key projects are discussed, demonstrating how stormwater, rainwater and wastewater can be incorporated into decentralised water systems to offer sustainable water management of the future. The case studies included in the paper highlight Kogarah's journey towards the Soft Path for Water Management.

Chanan, AP, Kandasamy, JK, Vigneswaran, S, Spyrakis, G, Ghetti, I & idris, E 2010, 'Applied Rainwater Harvesting Education: An Australian Case Study', Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 32-35.
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Rainwater tanks have been an integral part of the Australian landscape given the vital role these tanks have played over the years in rural Australia. In the past Local government and Water Authorities actively discouraged the use of rainwater tanks and informing citizens that they were illegal and dangerous. Kogarah Council within the Sydney metropolitan area is a proactive Council, and became the first council in Sydney to adopt Total Water Cycle Management (TWCM) principles into its Sustainability Management Plan, integrating these principles into on-ground projects at a catchment level in a planned and strategic approach. Among it priority projects was the Rainwater Tanks in Schools. This paper outlines how this project assisted all 22 schools in the Kogarah LGA (The Local Government Association) to increase the efficiency of water use and install rainwater tanks to reduce potable water use in toilet flushing and irrigating school gardens. The rainwater harvesting reduced the amount of drinking water used for toilet flushing and/or irrigation. The rainwater tanks also act as a visual reminder to conserve water for the students. The project has equipped the next generation with the necessary tools to make informed decisions and undertake actions that will move towards achieving sustainability.

Chang, C-W, Ko, L-W, Lin, F-C, Su, T-P, Jung, T-P, Lin, C-T & Chiou, J-C 2010, 'Drowsiness Monitoring with EEG-Based MEMS Biosensing Technologies', GeroPsych, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 107-113.
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Electroencephalography (EEG) has been widely adopted to monitor changes in cognitive states, particularly stages of sleep, as EEG recordings contain a wealth of information reflecting changes in alertness and sleepiness. In this study, silicon dry electrodes based on Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) were developed to bring high-quality EEG acquisition to operational workplaces. They have superior conductivity performance, large signal intensity, and are smaller in size than conventional (wet) electrodes. An EEG-based drowsiness estimation system consisting of a dry-electrode array, power spectrum estimation, principal component analysis (PCA)-based EEG signal analysis, and multivariate linear regression was developed to estimate drivers’ drowsiness levels in a virtual-reality-based dynamic driving simulator. The proposed system can help elders who are often affected by periods of tiredness and fatigue.

Chang, C-Y, Chang, J-S, Chen, C-M, Chiemchaisri, C & Vigneswaran, S 2010, 'An innovative attached-growth biological system for purification of pond water', Bioresource Technology, vol. 101, no. 5, pp. 1506-1510.
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This study applied the non-woven material from used diaper as the carrier for bio-film process to purify the recycled water from a landscape pond at the Tainan City Municipal Culture Center (TCMCC), Taiwan. An on-site system was installed and the experiment was accomplished through three stages in 192 days with different time periods of 70 days, 63 days, and 59 days, respectively. The results showed that the non-woven media is functional for SS removal. The average SS removal of stages 1, 2, and 3 were 91%, 96%, and 95%, respectively. The highest SCOD removal efficiency of 90% occurred at stage 3. A significant color improvement of the pond water was achieved through this non-woven bio-carrier treatment system. Whole system can be without any maintenance for 139 days. The result indicated that the non-woven medium system was with a great potential in treating and recycling the pond water with stable operation and satisfactory removal performance.

Chang, L, Yu, JX & Qin, L 2010, 'Context-Sensitive Document Ranking.', J. Comput. Sci. Technol., vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 444-457.
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Ranking is a main research issue in IR-styled keyword search over a set of documents. In this paper, we study a new keyword search problem, called context-sensitive document ranking, which is to rank documents with an additional context that provides additional information about the application domain where the documents are to be searched and ranked. The work is motivated by the fact that additional information associated with the documents can possibly assist users to find more relevant documents when they are unable to find the needed documents from the documents alone. In this paper, a context is a multi-attribute graph, which can represent any information maintained in a relational database, where multi-attribute nodes represent tuples, and edges represent primary key and foreign key references among nodes. The context-sensitive ranking is related to several research issues, how to score documents, how to evaluate the additional information obtained in the context that may contribute to the document ranking, how to rank the documents by combining the scores/costs from the documents and the context. More importantly, the relationships between documents and the information stored in a relational database may be uncertain, because they are from different data sources and the relationships are determined systematically using similarity match which causes uncertainty. In this paper, we concentrate ourselves on these research issues, and provide our solution on how to rank the documents in a context where there exist uncertainty between the documents and the context. We confirm the effectiveness of our approaches by conducting extensive experimental studies using real datasets. We present our findings in this paper. © 2010 Springer Science + Business Media, LLC & Science Press, China.

Chen, J & Ying, M 2010, 'ANCILLA-ASSISTED DISCRIMINATION OF QUANTUM GATES', QUANTUM INFORMATION & COMPUTATION, vol. 10, no. 1-2, pp. 160-177.
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The intrinsic idea of superdense coding is to find as many gates as possible such that they can be perfectly discriminated. In this paper, we consider a basic scheme of discrimination of quantum gates, called ancilla-assisted discrimination, in which a s

Chen, J, Chen, X, Duan, R, Ji, Z & Zeng, B 2010, 'No-go Theorem for One-way Quantum Computing on Naturally Occurring Two-level Systems', Phys. Rev. A, vol. 83, p. 050301.
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One-way quantum computing achieves the full power of quantum computation byperforming single particle measurements on some many-body entangled state,known as the resource state. As single particle measurements are relativelyeasy to implement, the preparation of the resource state becomes a crucialtask. An appealing approach is simply to cool a strongly correlated quantummany-body system to its ground state. In addition to requiring the ground stateof the system to be universal for one-way quantum computing, we also want theHamiltonian to have non-degenerate ground state protected by a fixed energygap, to involve only two-body interactions, and to be frustration-free so thatmeasurements in the course of the computation leave the remaining particles inthe ground space. Recently, significant efforts have been made to the search ofresource states that appear naturally as ground states in spin lattice systems.The approach is proved to be successful in spin-5/2 and spin-3/2 systems. Yet,it remains an open question whether there could be such a natural resourcestate in a spin-1/2, i.e., qubit system. Here, we give a negative answer tothis question by proving that it is impossible for a genuinely entangled qubitstates to be a non-degenerate ground state of any two-body frustration-freeHamiltonian. What is more, we prove that every spin-1/2 frustration-freeHamiltonian with two-body interaction always has a ground state that is aproduct of single- or two-qubit states, a stronger result that is interestingindependent of the context of one-way quantum computing.

Chen, L, Chitambar, E, Duan, R, Ji, Z & Winter, A 2010, 'Tensor Rank and Stochastic Entanglement Catalysis for Multipartite Pure States', Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 105, no. 20, p. 200501.
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The tensor rank (also known as generalized Schmidt rank) of multipartite purestates plays an important role in the study of entanglement classifications andtransformations. We employ powerful tools from the theory of homogeneouspolynomials to investigate the tensor rank of symmetric states such as thetripartite state $\ket{W_3}=\tfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}(\ket{100}+\ket{010}+\ket{001})$and its $N$-partite generalization $\ket{W_N}$. Previous tensor rank estimatesare dramatically improved and we show that (i) three copies of $\ket{W_3}$ hasrank either 15 or 16, (ii) two copies of $\ket{W_N}$ has rank $3N-2$, and (iii)$n$ copies of $\ket{W_N}$ has rank O(N). A remarkable consequence of theseresults is that certain multipartite transformations, impossible evenprobabilistically, can become possible when performed in multiple copy bunchesor when assisted by some catalyzing state. This effect is impossible forbipartite pure states.

Chen, L, Chitambar, E, Duan, R, Ji, Z & Winter, A 2010, 'Tensor Rank and Stochastic Entanglement Catalysis for Multipartite Pure States', Physical Review Letters, vol. 105, no. 20, pp. 1-4.
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The tensor rank (also known as generalized Schmidt rank) of multipartite pure states plays an important role in the study of entanglement classifications and transformations. We employ powerful tools from the theory of homogeneous polynomials to investig

Chen, L, Chitambar, E, Duan, R, Ji, Z & Winter, A 2010, 'Tensor rank and stochastic entanglement catalysis for multipartite pure states', Physical Review Letters, vol. 105, no. 20, pp. 1-4.
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The tensor rank (also known as generalized Schmidt rank) of multipartite pure states plays an important role in the study of entanglement classifications and transformations. We employ powerful tools from the theory of homogeneous polynomials to investigate the tensor rank of symmetric states such as the tripartite state |W3=1√3(|100+|010+|001) and its N-partite generalization |WN. Previous tensor rank estimates are dramatically improved and we show that (i) three copies of |W3 have a rank of either 15 or 16, (ii) two copies of |WN have a rank of 3N-2, and (iii) n copies of |WN have a rank of O(N). A remarkable consequence of these results is that certain multipartite transformations, impossible even probabilistically, can become possible when performed in multiple-copy bunches or when assisted by some catalyzing state. This effect is impossible for bipartite pure states. © 2010 The American Physical Society.

Chen, L, Warkiani, ME, Liu, H-B & Gong, H-Q 2010, 'Polymeric micro-filter manufactured by a dissolving mold technique', Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, vol. 20, no. 7, pp. 075005-075005.
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Chen, P & Li, J 2010, 'Prediction of protein long-range contacts using an ensemble of genetic algorithm classifiers with sequence profile centers', BMC Structural Biology, vol. 10, no. Suppl 1, pp. S2-S2.
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Background. Prediction of long-range inter-residue contacts is an important topic in bioinformatics research. It is helpful for determining protein structures, understanding protein foldings, and therefore advancing the annotation of protein functions. Results. In this paper, we propose a novel ensemble of genetic algorithm classifiers (GaCs) to address the long-range contact prediction problem. Our method is based on the key idea called sequence profile centers (SPCs). Each SPC is the average sequence profiles of residue pairs belonging to the same contact class or non-contact class. GaCs train on multiple but different pairs of long-range contact data (positive data) and long-range non-contact data (negative data). The negative data sets, having roughly the same sizes as the positive ones, are constructed by random sampling over the original imbalanced negative data. As a result, about 21.5% long-range contacts are correctly predicted. We also found that the ensemble of GaCs indeed makes an accuracy improvement by around 5.6% over the single GaC. Conclusions. Classifiers with the use of sequence profile centers may advance the long-range contact prediction. In line with this approach, key structural features in proteins would be determined with high efficiency and accuracy. © 2010 Li and Chen; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Chen, P & Li, J 2010, 'Sequence-based identification of interface residues by an integrative profile combining hydrophobic and evolutionary information', BMC Bioinformatics, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 0-0.
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Background: Protein-protein interactions play essential roles in protein function determination and drug design. Numerous methods have been proposed to recognize their interaction sites, however, only a small proportion of protein complexes have been successfully resolved due to the high cost. Therefore, it is important to improve the performance for predicting protein interaction sites based on primary sequence alone.Results: We propose a new idea to construct an integrative profile for each residue in a protein by combining its hydrophobic and evolutionary information. A support vector machine (SVM) ensemble is then developed, where SVMs train on different pairs of positive (interface sites) and negative (non-interface sites) subsets. The subsets having roughly the same sizes are grouped in the order of accessible surface area change before and after complexation. A self-organizing map (SOM) technique is applied to group similar input vectors to make more accurate the identification of interface residues. An ensemble of ten-SVMs achieves an MCC improvement by around 8% and F1 improvement by around 9% over that of three-SVMs. As expected, SVM ensembles constantly perform better than individual SVMs. In addition, the model by the integrative profiles outperforms that based on the sequence profile or the hydropathy scale alone. As our method uses a small number of features to encode the input vectors, our model is simpler, faster and more accurate than the existing methods.Conclusions: The integrative profile by combining hydrophobic and evolutionary information contributes most to the protein-protein interaction prediction. Results show that evolutionary context of residue with respect to hydrophobicity makes better the identification of protein interface residues. In addition, the ensemble of SVM classifiers improves the prediction performance.Availability: Datasets and software are available at http://mail.ustc.edu.cn/~bigeagle/BMCBioinfo2010/index.ht...

Chen, P, Liu, C, Burge, L, Li, J, Mohammad, M, Southerland, W, Gloster, C & Wang, B 2010, 'DomSVR: domain boundary prediction with support vector regression from sequence information alone', Amino Acids, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 713-726.
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Protein domains are structural and fundamental functional units of proteins. The information of protein domain boundaries is helpful in understanding the evolution, structures and functions of proteins, and also plays an important role in protein classification. In this paper, we propose a support vector regression-based method to address the problem of protein domain boundary identification based on novel input profiles extracted from AA-index database. As a result, our method achieves an average sensitivity of ∼36.5% and an average specificity of ∼ 81% for multi-domain protein chains, which is overall better than the performance of published approaches to identify domain boundary. As our method used sequence information alone, our method is simpler and faster.© Springer-Verlag 2010.

Chen, X, Duan, R, Ji, Z & Zeng, B 2010, 'Quantum state reduction for universal measurement based computation', Phys. Rev. Lett. 105(2):020502 (2010), vol. 105, no. 2, pp. 1-4.
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Measurement based quantum computation (MBQC), which requires only singleparticle measurements on a universal resource state to achieve the full powerof quantum computing, has been recognized as one of the most promising modelsfor the physical realization of quantum computers. Despite considerableprogress in the last decade, it remains a great challenge to search for newuniversal resource states with naturally occurring Hamiltonians, and to betterunderstand the entanglement structure of these kinds of states. Here we showthat most of the resource states currently known can be reduced to the clusterstate, the first known universal resource state, via adaptive localmeasurements at a constant cost. This new quantum state reduction schemeprovides simpler proofs of universality of resource states and opens up plentyof space to the search of new resource states, including an example based onthe one-parameter deformation of the AKLT state studied in [Commun. Math. Phys.144, 443 (1992)] by M. Fannes et al. about twenty years ago.

Chen, X, Lingam, HK, Huang, Z, Yisgedu, T, Zhao, J-C & Shore, SG 2010, 'Thermal Decomposition Behavior of Hydrated Magnesium Dodecahydrododecaborates', The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 201-204.
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Chen, Y, Zhang, J & Jayalath, A 2010, 'Estimation and compensation of clipping noise in OFDMA systems', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 523-527.
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Chen, Y-C, Duann, J-R, Chuang, S-W, Lin, C-L, Ko, L-W, Jung, T-P & Lin, C-T 2010, 'Spatial and temporal EEG dynamics of motion sickness', NeuroImage, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 2862-2870.
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Cheong, CY, Tan, KC, Liu, DK & Lin, CJ 2010, 'Multi-objective and prioritized berth allocation in container ports', Annals of Operations Research, vol. 180, no. 1, pp. 63-103.
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This paper considers a berth allocation problem (BAP) which requires the determination of exact berthing times and positions of incoming ships in a container port. The problem is solved by optimizing the berth schedule so as to minimize concurrently the three objectives of makespan, waiting time, and degree of deviation from a predetermined priority schedule. These objectives represent the interests of both port and ship operators. Unlike most existing approaches in the literature which are single-objective-based, a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) that incorporates the concept of Pareto optimality is proposed for solving the multi-objective BAP. The MOEA is equipped with three primary features which are specifically designed to target the optimization of the three objectives. The features include a local search heuristic, a hybrid solution decoding scheme, and an optimal berth insertion procedure. The effects that each of these features has on the quality of berth schedules are studied. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

Chin-Teng Lin, Kuan-Cheng Chang, Chun-Ling Lin, Chia-Cheng Chiang, Shao-Wei Lu, Shih-Sheng Chang, Bor-Shyh Lin, Hsin-Yueh Liang, Ray-Jade Chen, Yuan-Teh Lee & Li-Wei Ko 2010, 'An Intelligent Telecardiology System Using a Wearable and Wireless ECG to Detect Atrial Fibrillation', IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 726-733.
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Chinu, K, Johir, AH, Vigneswaran, S, Shon, HK & Kandasamy, J 2010, 'Assessment of pretreatment to microfiltration for desalination in terms of fouling index and molecular weight distribution', DESALINATION, vol. 250, no. 2, pp. 644-647.
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In this study, different processes such as flocculation with ferric chloride (FeCl3) and deep bed filtration (sand filtration and dual media filtration) as a pre-treatment to microfiltration (MF) were used for seawater desalination. The performance of these pre-treatments was determined in terms of silt density index (SDI) and modified fouling index (MFI) and flux decline in MF. Flux decline of MF with seawater was 45% without any pre-treatment, 42% after pre-treatment of FeCl3 flocculation, 24% after pre-treatment of sand filtration with in-line coagulation and 22% after pre-treatment of dual media filtration (sand and anthracite), respectively. MFI and SDI also indicated that deep bed filtration with in-line flocculation was better pretreatment than flocculation alone. Detailed molecular weight distribution (MWD) of seawater organic matter was examined after different pretreatments. MWD of the initial seawater mainly ranged from 1510 Da to 130 Da. Deep bed filtration with in-line flocculation removed relatively large molecular weight of organic matter (1510â1180 Da), while the small molecular weights (less than 530 Da) were not removed.

Chinu, K, Vigneswaran, S, Erdei, L, Shon, HK, Kandasamy, J & Ngo, HH 2010, 'Comparison of fouling indices in assessing pre-treatment for seawater reverse osmosis', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 18, no. 1-3, pp. 187-191.
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In this study, different processes such as fl occulation with ferric chloride (FeCl3) and deep bed filtration (sand filtration and dual media filtration) as a pre-treatment were used for seawater desalination. The performance of these pre-treatments was determined in terms of silt density index (SDI) and modified fouling index by using microfilter (MF-MFI), ultrafilter (UF-MFI), and nanofi lter (NF-MFI) membrane. MFI and SDI indicated that deep bed filtration with in-line flocculation was better pre-treatment than flocculation alone as colloidal particles are removed after this pretreatment. UF-MFI and NF-MFI indicated that these pretreatment cannot remove dissolved organic matter as the fouling reduction was smaller. Detailed molecular weight distribution (MWD) of seawater organic matter was examined after different pretreatments. MWD of the initial seawater mainly ranged from 1510 Da to 130 Da. Deep bed filtration with in-line flocculation removed relatively large molecular weight of organic matter (1510–1180 Da), while the small molecular weights (less than 530 Da) were not removed. © 2010, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Chitambar, E, Duan, R & Shi, Y 2010, 'Multipartite-to-bipartite entanglement transformations and polynomial identity testing', Physical Review A, vol. 81, no. 5, pp. 1-4.
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We consider the problem of deciding if some multiparty entangled pure state can be converted, with a nonzero success probability, into a given bipartite pure state shared between two specified parties through local quantum operations and classical commun

Chongsuvivatwong, V, Bachtiar, H, Chowdhury, ME, Fernando, S, Suwanrath, C, Kor‐anantakul, O, Tuan, LA, Lim, A, Lumbiganon, P, Manandhar, B, Muchtar, M, Nahar, L, Hieu, NT, Fang, PX, Prasertcharoensuk, W, Radnaabarzar, E, Sibuea, D, Than, KK, Tharnpaisan, P, Thach, TS & Rowe, P 2010, 'Maternal and fetal mortality and complications associated with cesarean section deliveries in teaching hospitals in Asia', Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 45-51.
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AbstractAim:  To compare the mortality, morbidity of emergency and elective cesarean section with vaginal delivery among Asian teaching hospitalsMethods:  Hospital based prospective study at 12 centers of 9 countries.Results:  12 591 vaginal deliveries, 3062 elective and 4328 emergency cesarean section were followed up to 5 days postpartum. Maternal deaths (95% CI) per 1000 births among vaginal deliveries being 0.47 (0.17, 1.03) was not significantly different from 0.31 (0.01, 1.73) of elective cesarean section and both rates were significantly lower than 2.87 (1.53, 4.91) per 1000 births of emergency section. The vaginal delivery group had significantly lower incidences of all major complication except significantly higher chance of secondary operations and non‐significantly different risk for endometritis. Corresponding neonatal mortality per 1000 deliveries among the three groups were 7 (5.6, 8.6), 2.2 (0.9, 4.6) and 12.4 (9.3, 16.2) (P < 0.001). Vaginal delivery also had higher rates of severe asphyxia and palsy than elective cesarean section.Conclusion:  Maternal complications were increased by cesarean delivery but elective section may reduce neonatal complication.

Coleman, PJ & Nghiem, LD 2010, 'Solar-Powered Compaction Garbage Bins in Public Areas: A Preliminary Economic and Environmental Evaluation', Sustainability, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 524-532.
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An excel-based model was developed to evaluate economic and environmental benefits of the solar-powered compaction garbage bins in public areas in Australia. Input data were collected from Brisbane and Wollongong City councils, and Sydney Olympic Park. The results demonstrate that solar-powered compaction garbage bins would provide environmental benefits in all scenarios. However, results of the economic analysis of the three studied areas varied significantly. The unique situation of Sydney Olympic Park made implementation in that facility particularly appealing. A lower monthly rental cost is needed for the implementation of this novel waste management practice.

Cowern, NEB, Bennett, NS, Ahn, C, Yoon, JC, Hamm, S, Lerch, W, Kheyrandish, H, Cristiano, F & Pakfar, A 2010, 'Overlayer stress effects on defect formation in Si and Ge', Thin Solid Films, vol. 518, no. 9, pp. 2442-2447.
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Csonka, PJ & Waldron, KJ 2010, 'Characterization of an Electric-Pneumatic Hybrid Prismatic Actuator', Journal of Mechanisms and Robotics, vol. 2, no. 2.
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Many high performance actuators have been developed in recent years. However, these actuators are generally designed for precise, relatively slow movements, or imprecise dynamic motion, but incapable of generating quasistatic trajectories. This dichotomy arises in part due to thrusting actuation technology that often trades off impulse for precision. A characterization of a bidirectional hybrid actuator developed for use in legged robots is described here. This actuator is capable of precise noncompliant positioning, and storage and rapid release of energy, which makes it equally suitable for static and dynamic positioning applications. Characterizations shown here allow tuning the actuator in future versions to reduce losses and increase efficiency.

Csorba, T, Lózsa, R, Hutvágner, G & Burgyán, J 2010, 'Polerovirus protein P0 prevents the assembly of small RNA-containing RISC complexes and leads to degradation of ARGONAUTE1', The Plant Journal, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 463-472.
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RNA silencing plays an important role in plants in defence against viruses. To overcome this defence, plant viruses encode suppressors of RNA silencing. The most common mode of silencing suppression is sequestration of double-stranded RNAs involved in the antiviral silencing pathways. Viral suppressors can also overcome silencing responses through protein-protein interaction. The poleroviral P0 silencing suppressor protein targets ARGONAUTE (AGO) proteins for degradation. AGO proteins are the core component of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). We found that P0 does not interfere with the slicer activity of pre-programmed siRNA/miRNA containing AGO1, but prevents de novo formation of siRNA/miRNA containing AGO1. We show that the AGO1 protein is part of a high-molecular-weight complex, suggesting the existence of a multi-protein RISC in plants. We propose that P0 prevents RISC assembly by interacting with one of its protein components, thus inhibiting formation of siRNA/miRNA-RISC, and ultimately leading to AGO1 degradation. Our findings also suggest that siRNAs enhance the stability of co-expressed AGO1 in both the presence and absence of P0. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Da Xu, RY & Kemp, M 2010, 'Fitting Multiple Connected Ellipses to an Image Silhouette Hierarchically', IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 1673-1682.
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In this paper, we seek to fit a model, specified in terms of connected ellipses, to an image silhouette. Some algorithms that have attempted this problem are sensitive to initial guesses and also may converge to a wrong solution when they attempt to mini

Dachermann, U, Li, J & Samali, B 2010, '1A12 Boundary Damage Identification of a Two-Storey Framed Structure utilizing Frequency Response Functions and Artificial Neural Networks', The Proceedings of the Symposium on the Motion and Vibration Control, vol. 2010, no. 0.
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Dackermann, U, Li, J & Samali, B 2010, 'Dynamic-Based Damage Identification Using Neural Network Ensembles and Damage Index Method', ADVANCES IN STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 1001-1016.
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This paper presents a vibration-based damage identification method that utilises a 'damage fingerprint' of a structure in combination with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and neural network techniques to identify defects. The Damage Index (DI) method is used to extract unique damage patterns from a damaged beam structure with the undamaged structure as baseline. PCA is applied to reduce the effect of measurement noise and optimise neural network training. PCA-compressed DI values are, then, used as inputs for a hierarchy of neural network ensembles to estimate locations and severities of various damage cases. The developed method is verified by a laboratory structure and numerical simulations in which measurement noise is taken into account with different levels of white Gaussian noise added. The damage identification results obtained from the neural network ensembles show that the presented method is capable of overcoming problems inherent in the conventional DI method. Issues associated with field testing conditions are successfully dealt with for numerical and the experimental simulations. Moreover, it is shown that the neural network ensemble produces results that are more accurate than any of the outcomes of the individual neural networks.

Datta, N & Hsieh, M-H 2010, 'Universal coding for transmission of private information', J. Math. Phys., vol. 51, no. 12, p. 122202.
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We consider the scenario in which Alice transmits private classical messagesto Bob via a classical-quantum channel, part of whose output is intercepted byan eavesdropper, Eve. We prove the existence of a universal coding scheme underwhich Alice's messages can be inferred correctly by Bob, and yet Eve learnsnothing about them. The code is universal in the sense that it does not dependon specific knowledge of the channel. Prior knowledge of the probabilitydistribution on the input alphabet of the channel, and bounds on thecorresponding Holevo quantities of the output ensembles at Bob's and Eve's endsuffice.

Deng, W, Jin, D, Drozdowicz-Tomsia, K, Yuan, J & Goldys, EM 2010, 'Europium Chelate (BHHCT-Eu³⁺) and Its Metal Nanostructure Enhanced Luminescence Applied to Bioassays and Time-Gated Bioimaging', Langmuir, vol. 26, no. 12, pp. 10036-10043.
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Devitt, S 2010, 'Scalable quantum information processing and the optical topological quantum computer', Optics and Spectroscopy, vol. 108, no. 2, pp. 267-281.
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Diamond, T & White, C 2010, 'The fracture cascade: Managing individuals who continue to fracture on antiosteoporotic therapies', Medicine Today, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 56-66.
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The effective management of individuals with osteoporosis should include not only the prescribing of an antiosteoporotic agent but also regular encouragement to ensure drug persistence and adherence.

Ding, F, Huang, X, Wen, B & Yan, Z 2010, 'Aliasing radar receiver in FMICW system', IEICE Electronics Express, vol. 7, no. 10, pp. 697-703.
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Ding, GKC 2010, 'Sustainability Assessment of Residential Development – An Australian Experience', International Journal of Construction Management, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 19-32.
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Environmental performance of residential development has played an important role in achieving the goal of sustainable construction. Green homes have been or are being built in many countries. This paper discusses the issues of sustainability and its roles in residential developments. This paper also examines the development of a building and sustainability index (BASIX) for mandatory assessments of all residential developments in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Data collection includes examining the methodology of BASIX in assessing sustainability performance of residential development in the three broad areas of energy and water efficiency as well as indoor thermal comfort. The introduction of BASIX has had a profound impact on the construction industry. An online survey of users of BASIX in the construction industry revealed that the tool has played a significant role in providing a guideline for the sustainability performance of a proposed development and lifting the standard of design practices. The tool has led to better thermal comfort for users and reduced water and energy consumption by all new residential developments in NSW. However successful this has been, there is more to be done such as control of waste and energy usage in the manufacturing of building materials.

Ding, GKC & Shen, LY 2010, 'Assessing sustainability performance of built projects: a building process approach', International Journal of Sustainable Development, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 267-267.
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Existing environmental performance assessment approaches focus on the overall performance to reflect sustainability of built projects. However, the impacts caused by construction activities on the environment occur throughout a project's life cycle which may be different at different stages. Similarly, the economic benefits and social impacts from implementing a construction project may also be different in different project stages. This paper presents a model of the sustainable development value (SDV), which integrates sustainability assessment into the building process. SDV measures the significance of the concerned project to the attainment of sustainable development value at different stages of a building life cycle, and the SDV at each stage will be amalgamated into the model of sustainable development ability (SDA). SDA is used as a prototype to demonstrate the extent of sustainable performance to aid decision making. This paper presents the methodological framework of SDV and SDA, and the implementation was demonstrated using a case study. Copyright © 2010 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Dolnicar, S, Hurlimann, A & Nghiem, LD 2010, 'The effect of information on public acceptance – The case of water from alternative sources', Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 91, no. 6, pp. 1288-1293.
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Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2010, 'A Human-Centered Semantic Service Platform for the Digital Ecosystems Environment', WORLD WIDE WEB-INTERNET AND WEB INFORMATION SYSTEMS, vol. 13, no. 1-2, pp. 75-103.
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Digital Ecosystems (DEST) have emerged with the purpose of enhancing communications among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) within the worldwide Business Ecosystem. However, because of the diversity and heterogeneity of the services in the DEST environ

Dos Santos, A, da Rocha, CG & Lepre, P 2010, 'Barriers and opportunities in developing 'do-it-yourself' products for low-income housing', Journal of Construction in Developing Countries, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 29-43.
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Direct involvement of the user in the assembling process of his/her own products or even entire house is a reality among low-income populations in developing countries. Nevertheless, there are a limited number of products that have actually been designed from a do-it-yourself (DIY) perspective, which results in several problems, such as poor user safety while the product is being assembled or inadequate results from an improvised assembling. Hence, the main goal of this paper is to analyse barriers to and opportunities for developing DIY products for low-income housing in developing countries. The research method utilises a case study of a DIY product consisting of a hybrid solution that acted as both a partition wall and a wardrobe. The identified opportunities included more systematic use of existing craft competencies among low-income families and the possibility of cost reduction through DIY concepts. Major barriers included the perception of the DIY product as inferior and the difficulty of communicating the DIY assembly process to users who quite often are illiterate.

Du, H, Zhang, N, Ji, JC & Gao, W 2010, 'Robust Fuzzy Control of an Active Magnetic Bearing Subject to Voltage Saturation', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 164-169.
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Based on a recently proposed model for the active- magnetic-bearing (AMB) switching mode of operation, this paper presents a robust Takagi-Sugeno-model- based fuzzy-control strategy to stabilize the AMB with fast response speed subject to control-voltage saturation and parameter uncertainties. The sufficient conditions for the existence of such a controller are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Numerical simulations against the proposed AMB model and a high-fidelity AMB model are used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. © 2009 IEEE.

Duan, R, Severini, S & Winter, A 2010, 'Zero-error communication via quantum channels, non-commutative graphs and a quantum Lovasz theta function', IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 59(2):1164-1174, 2013, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 1164-1174.
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We study the quantum channel version of Shannon's zero-error capacityproblem. Motivated by recent progress on this question, we propose to considera certain operator space as the quantum generalisation of the adjacency matrix,in terms of which the plain, quantum and entanglement-assisted capacity can beformulated, and for which we show some new basic properties. Most importantly, we define a quantum version of Lovasz' famous thetafunction, as the norm-completion (or stabilisation) of a 'naive' generalisationof theta. We go on to show that this function upper bounds the number ofentanglement-assisted zero-error messages, that it is given by a semidefiniteprogramme, whose dual we write down explicitly, and that it is multiplicativewith respect to the natural (strong) graph product. We explore various other properties of the new quantity, which reduces toLovasz' original theta in the classical case, give several applications, andpropose to study the operator spaces associated to channels as 'non-commutativegraphs', using the language of Hilbert modules.

Duan, R, Xin, Y & Ying, M 2010, 'Locally indistinguishable subspaces spanned by three-qubit unextendible product bases', PHYSICAL REVIEW A, vol. 81, no. 3, pp. 1-10.
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We study the local distinguishability of general multiqubit states and show that local projective measurements and classical communication are as powerful as the most general local measurements and classical communication. Remarkably, this indicates that

Dunwell, T, Hesson, L, Rauch, TA, Wang, L, Clark, RE, Dallol, A, Gentle, D, Catchpoole, D, Maher, ER, Pfeifer, GP & Latif, F 2010, 'A Genome-wide screen identifies frequently methylated genes in haematological and epithelial cancers', Molecular Cancer, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 44.
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Abstract Background Genetic as well as epigenetic alterations are a hallmark of both epithelial and haematological malignancies. High throughput screens are required to identify epigenetic markers that can be useful for diagnostic and prognostic purposes across malignancies. Results Here we report for the first time the use of the MIRA assay (methylated CpG island recovery assay) in combination with genome-wide CpG island arrays to identify epigenetic molecular markers in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) on a genome-wide scale. We identified 30 genes demonstrating methylation frequencies of ≥25% in childhood ALL, nine genes showed significantly different methylation frequencies in B vs T-ALL. For majority of the genes expression could be restored in methylated leukemia lines after treatment with 5-azaDC. Forty-four percent of the genes represent targets of the polycomb complex. In chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) two of the genes, (TFAP2A and EBF2), demonstrated increased methylation in blast crisis compared to chronic phase (P < 0.05). Furthermore hypermethylation of an autophagy related gene ATG16L2 was associated with poorer prognosis in terms of molecular response to Imatinib treatment. Lastly we demonstrated that ten of these genes were also frequently methylated in common epithelial cancers. Conclusion In summary we have identified a large number of genes showing frequent methylation in childhood ALL, methylation status of two of these genes is associated with advanced disease in CML and methylation status of another gene is associated with...

E. Cagno, F. Castelli Dezza, M. Delfanti, M. Merlo & A. Trianni 2010, 'Virtual Power System: Novel approach for Distributed Generation and Consumption Coordination', RE&PQJ, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1158-1163.
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Worldwide the introduction of dispersedgenerators (DG) in the distribution network is assuming asignificant importance. There is an increasing relevance of theenergy process efficiency improvement; as for electric powersystems, the most interesting perspective concerns thecapability of the system to increase the exploitation of therenewable resources. The integration of DGs in the electricdistribution network requires a revision of this infrastructure, sofar designed and developed assuming that power flows in onedirection: from the high voltage transmission network to themedium voltage distribution, to reach final customers on thelow voltage network.The attention to an efficient operation of distribution networksis increasing all over the world; this interest is becoming higherand higher also in Italy, where the high energy prices push inthe direction of fostering efficiency as much as possible.This work describes a study developed in the Alpenergy projectframework: an International Cooperation Program aimed atintroducing an efficient operational model for the distributedproduction and consumption. In particular it is proposed a newmodel for the integration and the management of the DG in thedistribution network. The new model (defined VPS: VirtualPower System) is based on a communication channel betweenthe active users (generators), the loads and, eventually, theDistribution System Operators (DSOs).

Eager, DM 2010, 'Fields of dreams - playing surfaces for the game played in heaven', Australasian Parks and Leisure, vol. Autumn, pp. 16-19.

Eager, DM 2010, 'Inclusive play', Landscape Architecture Australia, no. 125, pp. 55-56.

Eager, DM 2010, 'Inclusive risk for children at play', Australasian Parks and Leisure, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 9-10.

Eager, DM 2010, 'Playground equipment acceptance verification', Australasian Parks and Leisure Journal, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 23-26.
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The key aspects that need to be kept in mind by several Australian Standards Committees with regards to acceptance verification of playground equipment are discussed. The main things that playground manufacturers and/or suppliers need to keep in mind when preparing equipment, especially including labeling are highlighted.

Eager, DM 2010, 'Playground equipment certification and compliance', Australian GovLink 2010, vol. 2010, pp. 149-151.

Eager, DM 2010, 'Playground equipment certification and compliance', Journal Institute of Public Works Engineering Australia, vol. April/May, pp. 71-74.

El Saliby, IJ, Shon, HK, Okour, YH, Vigneswaran, S, Senthilnanthanan, M & Kandasamy, J 2010, 'Production of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Nanostructures from Dye Wastewater Sludge - Characterisation and Evaluation of Photocatalytic activity', JOURNAL OF ADVANCED OXIDATION TECHNOLOGIES, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 15-20.
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Producing a useful catalyst (TiO2) from sludge is possible after the incineration of sludge produced from the flocculation of wastewater by Ti-salts. In this study, TiO2 was successfully produced from dye wastewater sludge. Titanate nanotubes and nanoaggregates were produced through alkaline-hydrothermal and hydrogen peroxide treatments, respectively. Catalysts were characterised using scanning electron microscope and BET surface measurement. The photocatalytic activity was monitored for the photodegradation of organics in synthetic wastewater (SWW) and the photodecomposition of gas acetaldehyde. Nanotubes with a high surface area of 155.83 m2/g were obtained by alkaline-hydrothermal treatment, while lower surface area (65.22 m2/g) nanoaggregates were synthesized after hydrogen peroxide treatment. In general, nanoparticles, nanotubes and nanoaggregates showed mild photocatalytic activity. All catalysts showed similar photocatalytic activity for the photodecomposition of organics in SWW and the photodecomposition of acetaldehyde.

Elliott, RM, McKinley, SM & Eager, D 2010, 'A pilot study of sound levels in an Australian adult general intensive care unit', NOISE & HEALTH, vol. 12, no. 46, pp. 26-36.
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High technology and activity levels in the intensive care unit (ICU) lead to elevated and disturbing sound levels. As noise has been shown to affect the ability of patients to rest and sleep, continuous sound levels are required during sleep investigations. The aim of this pilot study was to develop a robust protocol to measure continuous sound levels for a larger more substantive future study to improve sleep for the ICU patient. A review of published studies of sound levels in intensive care settings revealed sufficient information to develop a study protocol. The study protocol resulted in 10 usable recordings out of 11 attempts to collect pilot data. The mean recording time was 17.49 ± 4.5 h. Sound levels exceeded recommendations made by the World Health Organization (WHO) for hospitals. The mean equivalent sound level (LAeq) was 56.22 ± 1.65 dB and LA90 was 46.8 ± 2.46 dB. The data reveal the requirement for a noise reduction program within this ICU.

Emadi, R, Roohani Esfahani, SI & Tavangarian, F 2010, 'A novel, low temperature method for the preparation of ß-TCP/HAP biphasic nanostructured ceramic scaffold from natural cancellous bone', Materials Letters, vol. 64, no. 8, pp. 993-996.
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Emadi, R, Tavangarian, F & Esfahani, SIR 2010, 'Biodegradable and bioactive properties of a novel bone scaffold coated with nanocrystalline bioactive glass for bone tissue engineering', Materials Letters, vol. 64, no. 13, pp. 1528-1531.
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Emadi, R, Tavangarian, F, Esfahani, SIR, Sheikhhosseini, A & Kharaziha, M 2010, 'Nanostructured Forsterite Coating Strengthens Porous Hydroxyapatite for Bone Tissue Engineering', Journal of the American Ceramic Society, vol. 93, no. 9, pp. 2679-2683.
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Many attempts have been focused on preparing highly porous scaffolds with appropriate mechanical strength. This paper has developed a new route to enhance the compressive strength of porous hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffold (porosity: ∼83%, mean pore size: ∼740 μm). Briefly, this route included a nanostructure coating of forsterite (Mg2SiO4) on struts of porous HA. The coating microstructure consisted of the grains with the range between 35 and 80 nm and nanosize pores that could be detected by scanning electron microscopy observation. This simple method improved the compressive strength of highly porous HA from 0.12 to 1.61 MPa. The scaffolds obtained provided a good mechanical support while maintaining bioactivity, and hence they could be used as tissue engineering scaffolds for low‐load‐bearing applications.

Erdei, L, Vigneswaran, S & Kandasamy, J 2010, 'Modelling of submerged membrane flocculation hybrid systems using statistical and artificial neural networks methods', JOURNAL OF WATER SUPPLY RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-AQUA, vol. 59, no. 2-3, pp. 198-208.
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Hybrid membrane filtration processes involve complex physical, chemical and biological phenomena, thus their mechanistic modelling is challenging. The chief advantages of statistical and artificial neural networks (ANN) models (data-driven models) are that they do not require assumptions and simplifications to establish relationships from data. This paper investigates the characteristics and performance of several data-driven methods to model a hybrid membrane system. The focus is on the application of regression analysis and artificial intelligence based methods to a steady-state system. Among empirically based approaches, ANN neural networks methods were found to be very useful to predict permeate quality and membrane fouling. In the past multivariate nonlinear regression had barely been investigated for process modelling in water and waste water treatment. In this study polynomial multivariate nonlinear regression showed a superior performance. Multivariate parametric nonlinear models could match the performance of the nonparametric ANN models in the empirical modelling of complex systems, especially when combined with advanced optimization methods. This paper gives the methodology of how one could optimize a membrane hybrid system using ANN, validating it with one set of data. The same procedure/methodology can be applied to similar systems.

Erfani, S & Akhgar, B 2010, 'A novel knowledge management implementation model for mobile telecommunication industry', World Appl Sci J, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 29-37.

Fang, F, Ni, B-J, Xie, W-M, Sheng, G-P, Liu, S-G, Tong, Z-H & Yu, H-Q 2010, 'An integrated dynamic model for simulating a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant under fluctuating conditions', Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 160, no. 2, pp. 522-529.
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Fatahi, B, Khabbaz, H & Indraratna, B 2010, 'Bioengineering ground improvement considering root water uptake model', ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 222-229.
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Bioengineering features of native vegetation are currently being evolved to enhance soil stiffness, slope stabilisation and erosion control. The effects of tree roots on soil moisture content and ground settlement are discussed in this paper. Matric suction induced by tree roots is a key factor, governing the properties of unsaturated soils, directly imparting stability to slopes and resistance for yielding behaviour. A mathematical model for the rate of root water uptake that considers ground conditions, type of vegetation and climatic parameters has been developed. This study highlights the inter-related parameters contributing to the development of a conceptual evapo-transpiration and root moisture uptake equilibrium model that is then incorporated in a comprehensive numerical finite element model. The developed model considers fully coupled-flow-deformation behaviour of soil. Field measurements obtained by the Authors from a site in Victoria, South of Australia, are used to validate the model. In this study, the active tree root distribution has been predicted by measuring soil organic content distribution. The predicted results show acceptable agreement with the field data in spite of the assumptions made for simplifying the effects of soil heterogeneity and anisotropy. The results prove that the proposed root water uptake model can reliably predict the region of the maximum matric suction away from the tree axis. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Feiping Nie, Dong Xu, Tsang, IW-H & Changshui Zhang 2010, 'Flexible Manifold Embedding: A Framework for Semi-Supervised and Unsupervised Dimension Reduction', IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 1921-1932.
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We propose a unified manifold learning framework for semi-supervised and unsupervised dimension reduction by employing a simple but effective linear regression function to map the new data points. For semi-supervised dimension reduction, we aim to find the optimal prediction labels F for all the training samples X, the linear regression function h(X) and the regression residue F 0 = F - h (X) simultaneously. Our new objective function integrates two terms related to label fitness and manifold smoothness as well as a flexible penalty term defined on the residue F0. Our Semi-Supervised learning framework, referred to as flexible manifold embedding (FME), can effectively utilize label information from labeled data as well as a manifold structure from both labeled and unlabeled data. By modeling the mismatch between h(X)and F, we show that FME relaxes the hard linear constraint F = h (X) in manifold regularization (MR), making it better cope with the data sampled from a nonlinear manifold. In addition, we propose a simplified version (referred to as FME/U) for unsupervised dimension reduction. We also show that our proposed framework provides a unified view to explain and understand many semi-supervised, supervised and unsupervised dimension reduction techniques. Comprehensive experiments on several benchmark databases demonstrate the significant improvement over existing dimension reduction algorithms. © 2006 IEEE.

Feng Hao, Yu Zhong-Yuan, Liu Yu-Min, Lu Peng-Fei, Jia Bo-Yong, Yao Wen-Jie, Tian Hong-Da, Zhao Wei & Xu Zi-Huan 2010, 'Theoretical study on strain compensation layer for growth of quantum dots', Acta Physica Sinica, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 765-765.
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The optical properties of quantum dots have a close relationship with the size fluctuation，density，strain filed distribution of the dots and the spacer layer thickness. InAs/GaAs quantum dot with GaNXAs1-X strain compensation layers （SCL） is theoretically investigated for improving the crystal quality. The reduction effects of the spacer thickness are discussed quantitatively. The influence of the location and the N concentration of the GaNXAs1-X SCL on compensation of the strain formed on quantum dots （QDs） and the system is also discussed. The reduction effect of SCL on strain of system is analyzed and the vertical alignment probability between the adjacent layers is calculated. Our results can provide a theoretical basis for finding the optimal properties of SCL to realize the high quality multi-QD layer.

Feng, M, Dong, G, Li, J, Tan, Y-P & Wong, L 2010, 'PATTERN SPACE MAINTENANCE FOR DATA UPDATES AND INTERACTIVE MINING', COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 282-317.
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This article addresses the incremental and decremental maintenance of the frequent pattern space. We conduct an in-depth investigation on how the frequent pattern space evolves under both incremental and decremental updates. Based on the evolution analysis, a new data structure, Generator-Enumeration Tree (GE-tree), is developed to facilitate the maintenance of the frequent pattern space. With the concept of GE-tree, we propose two novel algorithms, Pattern Space Maintainer+ (PSM+) and Pattern Space Maintainer- (PSM-), for the incremental and decremental maintenance of frequent patterns. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms, on average, outperform the representative state-of-the-art methods by an order of magnitude. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Ferguson, S, Kenny, DT & Cabrera, D 2010, 'Effects of Training on Time-Varying Spectral Energy and Sound Pressure Level in Nine Male Classical Singers', Journal of Voice, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 39-46.
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Ferrie, C 2010, 'Quasi-probability representations of quantum theory with applications to quantum information science', Rep. Prog. Phys., vol. 74, no. 11, p. 116001.
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This article comprises a review of both the quasi-probability representationsof infinite-dimensional quantum theory (including the Wigner function) and themore recently defined quasi-probability representations of finite-dimensionalquantum theory. We focus on both the characteristics and applications of theserepresentations with an emphasis toward quantum information theory. We discussthe recently proposed unification of the set of possible quasi-probabilityrepresentations via frame theory and then discuss the practical relevance ofnegativity in such representations as a criteria for quantumness.

Fleming, PA, Argraves, WS, Gentile, C, Neagu, A, Forgacs, G & Drake, CJ 2010, 'Fusion of uniluminal vascular spheroids: A model for assembly of blood vessels', Developmental Dynamics, vol. 239, no. 4, pp. spcone-spcone.
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AbstractZebrafish Intrahepatic Biliary System: Confocal projection through the liver of a 5 day post‐fertilization zebrafish larva immunostained with antibodies raised against the human multidrug resistance protein‐1 (red), also known as Pglcyoprotein, an ABC transporter in the hepatocyte canalicular membrane, and a novel zebrafish epitope 2F11 (green) that recognizes biliary epithelial cells. Hepatocytes secrete bile through their canaliculus into the intrahepatic biliary duct network. 10 μm z‐stack. From Lorent et al., Developmental Dynamics 239:398‐406, 2010.

Fleming, PA, Argraves, WS, Gentile, C, Neagu, A, Forgacs, G & Drake, CJ 2010, 'Fusion of uniluminal vascular spheroids: A model for assembly of blood vessels', Developmental Dynamics, vol. 239, no. 2, pp. 398-406.
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AbstractWe evaluated the self‐assembly properties of uniluminal vascular spheroids having outer layers of vascular smooth muscle cells and a contiguous inner layer of endothelial cells lining a central lumen. We showed that while pairs of uniluminal vascular spheroids suspended in culture medium fused to form a larger diameter spheroidal structure, spheroids in collagen hydrogels formed elongated structures. These findings highlight the potential use of uniluminal vascular spheroids as modules to engineer blood vessels. We also demonstrate that uniluminal vascular spheroid fusion conforms to models describing the coalescence of liquid drops. Furthermore, the fusion of uniluminal vascular spheroids in vitro closely resembled the in vivo process by which the descending aorta forms from the fusion of the paired dorsal aortae during embryonic development. Together, the findings indicate that tissue liquidity underlies uniluminal vascular spheroid fusion and that in vivo anastomosis of blood vessels may involve a similar mechanism. Developmental Dynamics 239:398–406, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Fleming, PA, Argraves, WS, Gentile, C, Neagu, A, Forgacs, G & Drake, CJ 2010, 'Fusion of uniluminal vascular spheroids: A model for assembly of blood vessels', Developmental Dynamics, vol. 239, no. 3, pp. spcone-spcone.
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AbstractBlood vessel formation via vascular fusion. When placed into hanging drop culture, five uniluminal vascular spheroids fuse to form a single, larger diameter spheroid with an outer layer of smooth muscle alpha actin positive cells (red) and an inner PECAM‐1 positive endothelium (green) surrounding a large central lumen. From Fleming et al., Developmental Dynamics 239:398–406, 2010.

Gaddis, EJB & Voinov, A 2010, 'Spatially Explicit Modeling of Land Use Specific Phosphorus Transport Pathways to Improve TMDL Load Estimates and Implementation Planning', Water Resources Management, vol. 24, no. 8, pp. 1621-1644.
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Gaddis, EJB, Falk, HH, Ginger, C & Voinov, A 2010, 'Effectiveness of a participatory modeling effort to identify and advance community water resource goals in St. Albans, Vermont', Environmental Modelling & Software, vol. 25, no. 11, pp. 1428-1438.
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Gallagher, IJ, Scheele, C, Keller, P, Nielsen, AR, Remenyi, J, Fischer, CP, Roder, K, Babraj, J, Wahlestedt, C, Hutvagner, G, Pedersen, BK & Timmons, JA 2010, 'Integration of microRNA changes in vivo identifies novel molecular features of muscle insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes', Genome Medicine, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 9-9.
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Background: Skeletal muscle insulin resistance (IR) is considered a critical component of type II diabetes, yet to date IR has evaded characterization at the global gene expression level in humans. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are considered fine-scale rheostats of protein-coding gene product abundance. The relative importance and mode of action of miRNAs in human complex diseases remains to be fully elucidated. We produce a global map of coding and non-coding RNAs in human muscle IR with the aim of identifying novel disease biomarkers.Methods: We profiled >47,000 mRNA sequences and >500 human miRNAs using gene-chips and 118 subjects (n = 71 patients versus n = 47 controls). A tissue-specific gene-ranking system was developed to stratify thousands of miRNA target-genes, removing false positives, yielding a weighted inhibitor score, which integrated the net impact of both up- and down-regulated miRNAs. Both informatic and protein detection validation was used to verify the predictions of in vivo changes.Results: The muscle mRNA transcriptome is invariant with respect to insulin or glucose homeostasis. In contrast, a third of miRNAs detected in muscle were altered in disease (n = 62), many changing prior to the onset of clinical diabetes. The novel ranking metric identified six canonical pathways with proven links to metabolic disease while the control data demonstrated no enrichment. The Benjamini-Hochberg adjusted Gene Ontology profile of the highest ranked targets was metabolic (P < 7.4 × 10-8), post-translational modification (P < 9.7 × 10-5) and developmental (P < 1.3 × 10-6) processes. Protein profiling of six development-related genes validated the predictions. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein was detectable only in muscle satellite cells and was increased in diabetes patients compared with controls, consistent with the observation that global miRNA changes were opposite from those found during myogenic differentiation.Conclusions: We provide eviden...

Gallo, DA, Foster, KT, Wong, JT & Bennett, DA 2010, 'False recollection of emotional pictures in Alzheimer's disease', Neuropsychologia, vol. 48, no. 12, pp. 3614-3618.
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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) can reduce the effects of emotional content on memory for studied pictures, but less is known about false memory. In healthy adults, emotionally arousing pictures can be more susceptible to false memory effects than neutral pictures, potentially because emotional pictures share conceptual similarities that cause memory confusions. We investigated these effects in AD patients and healthy controls. Participants studied pictures and their verbal labels, and then picture recollection was tested using verbal labels as retrieval cues. Some of the test labels had been associated with a picture at study, whereas other had not. On this picture recollection test, we found that both AD patients and controls incorrectly endorsed some of the test labels that had not been studied with pictures. These errors were associated with medium to high levels of confidence, indicating some degree of false recollection. Critically, these false recollection judgments were greater for emotional compared to neutral items, especially for positively valenced items, in both AD patients and controls. Dysfunction of the amygdala and hippocampus in early AD may impair recollection, but AD did not disrupt the effect of emotion on false recollection judgments.

Galvin, AL, Jennings, LM, Tipper, JL, Ingham, E & Fisher, J 2010, 'Wear and Creep of Highly Crosslinked Polyethylene against Cobalt Chrome and Ceramic Femoral Heads', Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine, vol. 224, no. 10, pp. 1175-1183.
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The wear and creep characteristics of highly crosslinked ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) articulating against large-diameter (36 mm) ceramic and cobalt chrome femoral heads have been investigated in a physiological anatomical hip joint simulator for 10 million cycles. The crosslinked UHMWPE/ceramic combination showed higher volume deformation due to creep plus wear during the first 2 million cycles, and a steady-state wear rate 40 per cent lower than that of the crosslinked UHMWPE/cobalt chrome combination. Wear particles were isolated and characterized from the hip simulator lubricants. The wear particles were similar in size and morphology for both head materials. The particle isolation methodology used could not detect a statistically significant difference between the particles produced by the cobalt chrome and alumina ceramic femoral heads.

Gandomi, AH, Alavi, AH & Taghipour, A 2010, 'Discussion on “Alternative data-driven methods to estimate wind from waves by inverse modeling” by Mansi Daga, M. C. Deo [Natural Hazards (2008) NHAZ 524, Article 9299, DOI 10.1007/s11069-008-9299-2]', Natural Hazards, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 671-673.
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Gandomi, AH, Alavi, AH, Arjmandi, P, Aghaeifar, A & Seyednour, R 2010, 'Genetic programming and orthogonal least squares: a hybrid approach to modeling the compressive strength of CFRP-confined concrete cylinders', Journal of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 735-753.
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Gao, Y, Zhang, G, Ma, J & Lu, J 2010, 'A lambda-Cut and Goal-Programming-Based Algorithm for Fuzzy-Linear Multiple-Objective Bilevel Optimization', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON FUZZY SYSTEMS, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 1-13.
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Bilevel-programming techniques are developed to handle decentralized problems with two-level decision makers, which are leaders and followers, who may have more than one objective to achieve. This paper proposes a λ-cut and goal-programming-based algorithm to solve fuzzy-linear multiple-objective bilevel (FLMOB) decision problems. First, based on the definition of a distance measure between two fuzzy vectors using λ-cut, a fuzzy-linear bilevel goal (FLBG) model is formatted, and related theorems are proved. Then, using a λ-cut for fuzzy coefficients and a goal-programming strategy for multiple objectives, a λ-cut and goal-programming-based algorithm to solve FLMOB decision problems is presented. A case study for a newsboy problem is adopted to illustrate the application and executing procedure of this algorithm. Finally, experiments are carried out to discuss and analyze the performance of this algorithm. © 2006 IEEE.

Ge, Y, Esselle, KP & Bird, TS 2010, 'A METHOD TO DESIGN DUAL-BAND, HIGH-DIRECTIVITY EBG RESONATOR ANTENNAS USING SINGLE-RESONANT, SINGLE-LAYER PARTIALLY REFLECTIVE SURFACES', Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, vol. 13, pp. 245-257.
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A new method is presented to design dual-band, high- directivity, EBG-resonator antennas using simple, single-resonant, single-layer partially reflective surfaces (PRS). The large, positive gradient of the reflection phase versus frequency curve of partially reflecting surfaces, observed only close to the resonance frequency of the PRS, is exploited for this purpose. An example single-resonant PRS, based on a frequency-selective surface (FSS) composed of a printed slot array, was designed. Then it is used to design an EBG- resonator antenna to demonstrate the feasibility of achieving dual-band performance. Cavity models are employed, together with the reflection characteristics of the PRS, to understand the operation of the device at critical frequencies such as cavity resonance frequencies and the PRS resonance frequency. Antenna simulations and computed results confirm the dual-band operation of this very simple, single-layer, low- profile EBG-resonator antenna. It resonates in two bands centered at 10.5 GHz and 12.3 GHz. The peak directivity in each band is 18.2 dBi and 20.5 dBi, and the 3 dB directivity bandwidth of each band is 7.5% and 8.7%, respectively.

Geng, X, Smith-Miles, K, Wang, L, Li, M & Wu, Q 2010, 'Context-aware fusion: A case study on fusion of gait and face for human identification in video', Pattern Recognition, vol. 43, no. 10, pp. 3660-3673.
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Most work on multi-biometric fusion is based on static fusion rules. One prominent limitation of static fusion is that it cannot respond to the changes of the environment or the individual users. This paper proposes context-aware multi-biometric fusion, which can dynamically adapt the fusion rules to the real-time context. As a typical application, the context-aware fusion of gait and face for human identification in video is investigated. Two significant context factors that may affect the relationship between gait and face in the fusion are considered, i.e., view angle and subject-to-camera distance. Fusion methods adaptable to these two factors based on either prior knowledge or machine learning are proposed and tested. Experimental results show that the context-aware fusion methods perform significantly better than not only the individual biometric traits, but also those widely adopted static fusion rules including SUM, PRODUCT, MIN, and MAX. Moreover, context-aware fusion based on machine learning shows superiority over that based on prior knowledge. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Geng, XY, Indraratna, B & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2010, 'Analytical solutions for a single vertical drain with time-dependent vacuum combined surcharge preloading in membrane and membraneless systems', IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 10, pp. 012117-012117.
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Ghandeharioon, A, Indraratna, B & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2010, 'Analysis of Soil Disturbance Associated with Mandrel-Driven Prefabricated Vertical Drains Using an Elliptical Cavity Expansion Theory', International Journal of Geomechanics, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 53-64.
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Gide, E & Wu, M 2010, 'Strategies to teach information technology courses to international students as future global professionals: An Australian case', Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 4793-4799.
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Gide, E, Wu, M & Wang, X 2010, 'The influence of internationalisation of higher education: A China's study', Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 5675-5681.
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Gil-Lafuente, AM & Merigó, JM 2010, 'Decision Making Techniques in Political Management', Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing, vol. 254, pp. 389-405.
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In this paper, we develop a new decision making model and apply it in political management. We use a framework based on the use of ideals in the decision process and several similarity measures such as the Hamming distance, the adequacy coefficient and the index of maximum and minimum level. For each similarity measure, we use different types of aggregation operators such as the simple average, the weighted average, the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator and the generalized OWA (GOWA) operator. This new approach considers several attributes and different scenarios that may occur in the uncertain environment. We see that depending on the particular type of aggregation operator used the results may lead to different decisions. © 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Grassl, M, Ji, Z, Wei, Z & Zeng, B 2010, 'Quantum-capacity-approaching codes for the detected-jump channel', Physical Review A, vol. 82, no. 6.
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Gui, L, Xu, Y, Liu, B, Gong, L & Li, Y 2010, 'An iterative decoding technique and architecture for RS concatenated TCM coding systems', IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 1288-1296.
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Guo, L, Wang, S, Guo, N, Qiu, J, Zhu, JG, Guo, Y, Wang, Y & Xu, W 2010, 'Simulation and optimization of six-stage electromagnetic coilgun', International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 33, no. 1-2, pp. 465-471.
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This paper presents a method based on Current Hoop Model for the analysis and design of induction coilgun. The cylindrically symmetric armature is subdivided into concentric hoops with diverse rectangular crosssections, in each of which the current is assumed to be uniformly distributed. An equivalent analytical model considering mutual coupling of coils and armature hoops is constructed for dynamic simulation of the coilgun. Based on this model, the selfand mutualinductances of exciting winding and hoops are calculated by Neumann method. The circuit equations are solved coupled with the equation of motion of projectile by using the Treanor method to ensure the convergence. Comparison between the experimental results and the numerical results simulated by Finite Element method (FEM) shows the validity of the presented simulation method for coilgun. The optimization of a sixstage coilgun is achieved by employing the genetic algorithm (GA).

Guo, W, Ngo, H-H, Dharmawan, F & Palmer, CG 2010, 'Roles of polyurethane foam in aerobic moving and fixed bed bioreactors', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 101, no. 5, pp. 1435-1439.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of sponge as an active mobile carrier for attachedgrowth biomass in three typical types of aerobic bioreactors to treat a high strength synthetic wastewater. The results show that sponge thickness deteriorated the organic and nutrient removal and 1 cm is the optimumthickness for fixed-bed sponge biofilter (SBF). The sponge volume had significant impact on phosphorus removal rather than organic or nitrogen removal, and 20% volume of sponge could achieve 100% T-P removal within 3 h in a sponge batch reactor (SBR). When sponge coupled with submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR), the single system show outstanding ammonium (100% at filtration flux of 10 and 15 L/m2 h) and phosphorus (>91% at all fluxes range) removal with optimum pH range of 6â7

Guo, W, Ngo, H-H, Vigneswaran, S, Dharmawan, F, Nguyen, TT & Aryal, R 2010, 'Effect of different flocculants on short-term performance of submerged membrane bioreactor', SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY, vol. 70, no. 3, pp. 274-279.
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This study aims at evaluating the impacts of flocculant addition to a submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR). Three types of common flocculants (FeCl3, PACl and chitosan) were tested based on the performance of organic and nutrients removal, respiration test and fouling control. The data showed that all of the flocculants not only could keep high removal efficiencies of DOC and COD (>90%) compared to SMBR alone, but also exhibited different advantages and disadvantages according to the properties of the flocculants. For instance, inorganic flocculants strongly affected the nitrification process and organic flocculant addition slightly reduced the phosphorus removal efficiency in SMBR. After adding FeCl3 and PACl, NH4-N removal decreased to 31.9% and 11.1%, while T-N removal dropped to 22% and 0.5% respectively. Although flocculants addition improved sludge settleability and oxygen transfer to some extent, organic flocculant obtained more stable sludge volume indexes (SVI) and specific oxygen uptake rates (SOUR) than those of inorganic flocculants. Inorganic flocculants, on the other hand, led to more reduction of soluble microbial products (SMP) present in mixed liquor and lower membrane fouling rates (1.3 and 2.6 kPa/day for FeCl3 and PACl respectively). © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Guo, WS, Zhang, R, Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, HH & Kandasamy, J 2010, 'Membranes coupled with physico chemical treatment in water reuse', WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 513-519.
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In this study, short-term experiments were conducted with different configurations of membrane hybrid systems to treat biological treated sewage effluent containing refractory organic pollutants: (i) submerged hollow fiber microfiltration (SMF) alone; (ii) spiral flocculator (SF)-SMF without settling; (iii) SF-PAC-SMF without settling and (iv) SMF with magnetic ion exchange resin MIEXw pretreatment. The results indicated that the pre-flocculation of SF could improve the mitigation of membrane fouling significantly even when the system was operated at a high membrane filtration rate. The transmembrane pressure (TMP) of SF-PAC-SMF only increased marginally (0.8 kPa over 8 hours). SF-SMF without the addition of powdered activated carbon (PAC) also took a relatively long duration for the TMP to increase. The TMP only increased by 2.5 kPa over 8 hours. The SF-PAC-MF system resulted in a high dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal of more than 96%. When used as pre-treatment to submerged membranes, the fluidized bed MIEXw contactor could remove a significant amount of organic matter in wastewater. This pre-treatment helped to reduce the membrane fouling and kept the TMP low during the membrane operation.

Guo, X, Lu, X, Fang, X, Mao, Y, Wang, Z, Chen, L, Xu, X, Yang, H & Liu, Y 2010, 'Lithium storage in hollow spherical ZnFe2O4 as anode materials for lithium ion batteries', Electrochemistry Communications, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 847-850.
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Guo, Z, Dong, Y, Wang, J & Lu, H 2010, 'The Forecasting Procedure for Long‐Term Wind Speed in the Zhangye Area', Mathematical Problems in Engineering, vol. 2010, no. 1, pp. 1-17.
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Energy crisis has made it urgent to find alternative energy sources for sustainable energy supply; wind energy is one of the attractive alternatives. Within a wind energy system, the wind speed is one key parameter; accurately forecasting of wind speed can minimize the scheduling errors and in turn increase the reliability of the electric power grid and reduce the power market ancillary service costs. This paper proposes a new hybrid model for long‐term wind speed forecasting based on the first definite season index method and the Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) models or the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) forecasting models. The forecasting errors are analyzed and compared with the ones obtained from the ARMA, GARCH model, and Support Vector Machine (SVM); the simulation process and results show that the developed method is simple and quite efficient for daily average wind speed forecasting of Hexi Corridor in China.

Gutierrez, FJ & Dyson, LE 2010, 'Considering the Human Element of Long-Term IT Outsourcing: A Case Study of an Australian Bank', IBIMA Business Review, vol. 2010, no. Article ID 236485, pp. 1-11.
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While many studies on outsourcing have identified its advantages and disadvantages from an organizational perspective, there has been insufficient attention paid to the impact of outsourcing on employees. A case study methodology was used in the analysis of the effects of IT outsourcing on the well-being of IT professionals working in a leading Australian bank. Despite the success of the outsourcing initiative for the organization, evidence from an intranet forum established in the six months prior to the outsourcing transition and surveys conducted of remaining staff two years post-implementation revealed a high degree of non-acceptance by both sets of workers. This arose despite managementâs attempts to communicate effectively with staff. Within this same period, the bank also had to adjust to the effects of a new psychological contract to which the now outsourced IT staff were working. The study concludes that the disaffection of staff resulted mainly from a lack of consultation during decision-making steps and a sense of powerlessness to influence management. Suggestions are provided as to how outsourcing could be accomplished in ways that improve employee acceptance and reactions to change.

Ha, PN, Fujita, H, Uchida, N & Ozaki, K 2010, 'Analysis and Control of Heat Distribution in a Zone-Control Induction Heating System', IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 130, no. 7, pp. 926-932.
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Haddad, K, Rahman, A, Weinmann, PE, Kuczera, G & Ball, J 2010, 'Streamflow data Preparation for Regional Flood Frequency Analysis: Lessons from Southeast Australia', Australasian Journal of Water Resources, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 17-32.
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This paper presents a case study on streamf ow data preparation for a regional f ood frequency analysis (RFFA) project for the states of Victoria and NSW, in connection with the forthcoming edition of Australian Rainfall and Runoff. The study gathered annual maximum f ood series data for a large number of stations from Victoria and NSW, and applied various statistical techniques to prepare the f nal data set. It was found that a large primary data set, even if selected using a fairly stringent set of criteria, cannot guarantee a similarly large f nal data set, as streamf ow data are affected by many sources of uncertainty. The trade-offs between quality and quantity are discussed and illustrated. The maximum rating ratio, def ned as the ratio of the largest estimated f ow and the maximum measured f ow at a gauging station, is used to identify stations whose quantiles may be seriously affected by rating curve errors. In a case study involving Victorian stations, the importance of maintaining a high spatial coverage of stations was demonstrated. It was shown that a 50% reduction in the number of stations used in a RFFA resulted in an increase of the standard error of prediction of f ood quantiles up to 90%. © Institution of Engineers Australia, 2010.

Hain, D, Bettencourt, BR, Okamura, K, Csorba, T, Meyer, W, Jin, Z, Biggerstaff, J, Siomi, H, Hutvagner, G, Lai, EC, Welte, M & Müller, H-AJ 2010, 'Natural Variation of the Amino-Terminal Glutamine-Rich Domain in Drosophila Argonaute2 Is Not Associated with Developmental Defects', PLoS ONE, vol. 5, no. 12, pp. e15264-e15264.
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The Drosophila argonaute2 (ago2) gene plays a major role in siRNA mediated RNA silencing pathways. Unlike mammalian Argonaute proteins, the Drosophila protein has an unusual amino-terminal domain made up largely of multiple copies of glutamine-rich repeats (GRRs). We report here that the ago2 locus produces an alternative transcript that encodes a putative short isoform without this amino-terminal domain. Several ago2 mutations previously reported to be null alleles only abolish expression of the long, GRR-containing isoform. Analysis of drop out (dop) mutations had previously suggested that variations in GRR copy number result in defects in RNAi and embryonic development. However, we find that dop mutations genetically complement transcript-null alleles of ago2 and that ago2 alleles with variant GRR copy numbers support normal development. In addition, we show that the assembly of the central RNAi machinery, the RISC (RNA induced silencing complex), is unimpaired in embryos when GRR copy number is altered. In fact, we find that GRR copy number is highly variable in natural D. melanogaster populations as well as in laboratory strains. Finally, while many other insects share an extensive, glutamine-rich Ago2 amino-terminal domain, its primary sequence varies drastically between species. Our data indicate that GRR variation does not modulate an essential function of Ago2 and that the amino-terminal domain of Ago2 is subject to rapid evolution. © 2010 Hain et al.

Hakimi, M, Feizi, N, Hassani, H, Vahedi, H & Thomas, PS 2010, 'Regeneration of Aromatic Carbonyl Compounds from the Corresponding Oximes Using Tetrapyridine Silver(II) Peroxydisulfate in Acetonitrile and Aqueous Media', Synthetic Communications, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 725-731.
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The results of the recovery of both aldehyde and ketone carbonyl functionalities from the oxime derivatives in aromatic carbonyl compounds using tetrapyridine silver(II) peroxydisulfate [Ag(py)4S2O8] as a stable, mild, and efficient oxidizing agent is reported. Yields in excess of 85% were achieved at room temperature in both acetonitrile and aqueous media, making the method versatile and suitable for a wide range of aromatic carbonyl oximes.

Hamade, RF, Moulianitis, VC, D'Addonna, D & Beydoun, G 2010, 'A dimensional tolerancing knowledge management system using Nested Ripple Down Rules (NRDR)', ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, vol. 23, no. 7, pp. 1140-1148.
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Hao, H, Stewart, MG, Li, Z-X & Shi, Y 2010, 'RC Column Failure Probabilities to Blast Loads', International Journal of Protective Structures, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 571-591.
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Structural reliability analyses are commonly applied to estimation of probabilities of structural damage to static and dynamic loads such as earthquake, wind and wave loads. Although blast loadings acting on structures from accidental explosions or hostile bombings are very difficult to be accurately predicted owing to many uncertain parameters that influence explosion shock wave propagation and shock wave interaction with structures, reliability analyses of structural failure to blast loadings with consideration of uncertainties in blast loading and structural parameters are very limited. Instead, a large safety factor is usually used to account for uncertain variations in blast loading and structural parameters in blast-resistant design and analysis. This may lead to an inaccurate design of structures to resist blast loads, and an inaccurate assessment of structure performance in a given explosion scenario. In this study, reliability analyses of three example RC columns to randomly varying blast loads are carried out. The column dimensions, reinforcement ratios and material strengths are assumed to be normally distributed with the respective design parameters as the mean values. The mean value and standard deviation of the peak reflected pressure and duration of the blast load at various scaled distances are derived from available empirical formulae, and are used in this study to model the blast pressure variations. Failure probabilities of the example RC columns subjected to blast loads of different scaled distances are estimated. Numerical results are compared with those obtained with the deterministic blast loading or deterministic column property assumptions. The importance of considering the random variations of structural properties and blast loadings in assessing the blast load effects on RC columns is discussed.

Hao, X, Wang, Q, Cao, Y & van Loosdrecht, MCM 2010, 'Experimental evaluation of decrease in the activities of polyphosphate/glycogen‐accumulating organisms due to cell death and activity decay in activated sludge', Biotechnology and Bioengineering, vol. 106, no. 3, pp. 399-407.
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AbstractDecrease in bacterial activity (biomass decay) in activated sludge can result from cell death (reduction in the amount of active bacteria) and activity decay (reduction in the specific activity of active bacteria). The goal of this study was to experimentally differentiate between cell death and activity decay as the cause of decrease in bacterial activity. By means of measuring maximal anaerobic phosphate release rates, verifying membrane integrity by live/dead staining and verifying presence of 16S rRNA with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), the decay rates and death rates of polyphosphate‐accumulating organisms (PAOs) in a biological nutrient removal (BNR) system and a laboratory phosphate removing sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system were determined, respectively, under famine conditions. In addition, the decay rate and death rate of glycogen‐accumulating organisms (GAOs) in a SBR system with an enrichment culture of GAOs were also measured under famine conditions. Hereto the maximal anaerobic volatile fatty acid uptake rates, live/dead staining, and FISH were used. The experiments revealed that in the BNR and enriched PAO‐SBR systems, activity decay contributed 58% and 80% to the decreased activities of PAOs, and that cell death was responsible for 42% and 20% of decreases in their respective activities. In the enriched GAOs system, activity decay constituted a proportion of 74% of the decreased activity of GAOs, and cell death only accounted for 26% of the decrease of their activity. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010; 106: 399–407. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Hao, X, Wang, Q, Cao, Y & van Loosdrecht, MCM 2010, 'Measuring the activities of higher organisms in activated sludge by means of mechanical shearing pretreatment and oxygen uptake rate', Water Research, vol. 44, no. 13, pp. 3993-4001.
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Hasan, AM, Saied, P, Arvin, PAK, Biswajeet, P, Nikouravan, B & Mansor, S 2010, 'Disasters and risk reduction in groundwater: Zagros mountain southwest Iran using geoinformatics techniques', Disaster Advances, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 51-57.
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For more effective use of ground fresh water resources, a remote sensing and GIS have been used in many places in last decades. The digital topographic maps in scale 1:25000 within GIS environment have been studied to observe the risk reduction and changing of the water resources because of the tectonic activities which are crucial to generate a groundwater disaster in the study area. The area has been visually and digitally interpreted to delineate DEM, drainage network, drainage basin, karst landforms, lineaments and lithology for ground water reduction and possible new locations to explore and reduce the risk reduction and disasters. Image elements are used during visual and digital interpretation. Extensive field works have been attempted using global positioning system (GPS) to collect water samples. The study shows that the groundwater is controlled by geomorphology, landslides, lineament analysis, lithology and topography in the study area. This study shows the advantages of remote sensing and GIS techniques for Karst and water resources study. Use of GIS-technologies makes it possible to construct 3D models of river basins and adjust theoretical reserves of the deposits.

Haskett, M, Oehlers, DJ, Ali, M & Wu, C 2010, 'Analysis of Moment Redistribution in Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Plated RC Beams', Journal of Composites for Construction, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 424-433.
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Hawryszkiewycz, IT 2010, 'Supporting production processes with lightweight platforms', Production Planning & Control, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 119-129.
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This article begins by describing the trend towards greater adaptability in today's business processes and its implication for supply chains and their emerging characteristics. One such characteristic is greater emphasis on the need for collaboration for

Hayman, DB, Bird, TS, Esselle, KP & Hall, PJ 2010, 'Experimental Demonstration of Focal Plane Array Beamforming in a Prototype Radiotelescope', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 1922-1934.
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Ho, DP, Senthilnanthan, M, Mohammad, JA, Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, HH, Mahinthakumar, G & Kandasamy, J 2010, 'The Application of Photocatalytic Oxidation in Removing Pentachlorophenol from Contaminated Water', JOURNAL OF ADVANCED OXIDATION TECHNOLOGIES, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 21-26.
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The degradation of sodium salt of pentachlorophenol (PCPS) by photocatalysis with titanium dioxide (TiO2) as the catalyst was investigated. The residual PCPS after photo-degradation was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) while the c

Ho, DP, Vigneswaran, S & Ngo, HH 2010, 'Integration of Photocatalysis and Microfiltration in Removing Effluent Organic Matter from Treated Sewage Effluent', SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 155-162.
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An integration of photocatalysis with low-pressure submerged membrane has attracted growing interest for its synergic advantages in water and wastewater treatment. In this study, the adsorption and photocatalytic oxidation of organic compounds by UV light responsive titanium dioxide (TiO2) were investigated. First, the adsorption behavior of the TiO2 was examined by the adsorption isotherm and kinetics experiments. The photocatalytic reactivity of the catalysts was then compared at different operating conditions. The results indicate that the Freundlich model described well the adsorption capacity of both materials. The photocatalytic kinetics showed that the highest removal of effluent organic matter (EfOM) was achieved at an optimum concentration of 1.0 g/L of TiO2. In addition, it was found that the pre-photosensitization with titanium dioxide/ultra-voilet radiation (TiO2/UV) could effectively reduce membrane fouling and enhance the permeate flux of the submerged membrane reactor when it was used as a post-treatment. An increase of 10% in organic removal efficiency was achieved by the posttreatment of membrane filtration. The sustainable flux of the membrane reactor increased from 25 up to 40 L/m2.h when the pretreatment of photocatalysis was used.

Homer, CSE, Catling-Paull, CJ, Sinclair, D, Faizah, N, Balasubramanian, V, Foureur, MJ, Hoang, DB & Lawrence, E 2010, 'Developing an interactive electronic maternity record', British Journal of Midwifery, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 384-389.
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Women have a strong need to be involved in their own maternity care. Pregnancy hand-held records encourage women's participation in their maternity care; gives them an increased sense of control and improves communication among care providers. They have been successfully used in the UK and New Zealand for almost 20 years. Despite evidence that supports the use of hand-held records, widespread introduction has not occurred in Australia. The need for an electronic version of pregnancy hand-held records has become apparent, especially after the introduction of the Electronic Medical Record in Australia. A personal digital assistant (PDA) was developed as an interactive antenatal electronic maternity record that health-care providers could use in any setting and women could access using the internet. This article will describe the testing of the antenatal electronic maternity record.

Ho-Pham, LT, Nguyen, ND, Lai, TQ & Nguyen, TV 2010, 'Contributions of lean mass and fat mass to bone mineral density: a study in postmenopausal women', BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, vol. 11, no. 1.
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Background: The relative contribution of lean and fat to the determination of bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women is a contentious issue. The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that lean mass is a better determinant of BMD than fat mass. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 210 postmenopausal women of Vietnamese background, aged between 50 and 85 years, who were randomly sampled from various districts in Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam). Whole body scans, femoral neck, and lumbar spine BMD were measured by DXA (QDR 4500, Hologic Inc., Waltham, MA). Lean mass (LM) and fat mass (FM) were derived from the whole body scan. Furthermore, lean mass index (LMi) and fat mass index (FMi) were calculated as ratio of LM or FM to body height in metre squared (m2). Results: In multiple linear regression analysis, both LM and FM were independent and significant predictors of BMD at the spine and femoral neck. Age, lean mass and fat mass collectively explained 33% variance of lumbar spine and 38% variance of femoral neck BMD. Replacing LM and FM by LMi and LMi did not alter the result. In both analyses, the influence of LM or LMi was greater than FM and FMi. Simulation analysis suggested that a study with 1000 individuals has a 78% chance of finding the significant effects of both LM and FM, and a 22% chance of finding LM alone significant, and zero chance of finding the effect of fat mass alone. Conclusions: These data suggest that both lean mass and fat mass are important determinants of BMD. For a given body size -- measured either by lean mass or height --women with greater fat mass have greater BMD.

Ho-Pham, LT, Nguyen, ND, Nguyen, TT, Nguyen, DH, Bui, PK, Nguyen, VN & Nguyen, TV 2010, 'Association between vitamin D insufficiency and tuberculosis in a vietnamese population', BMC Infectious Diseases, vol. 10, no. 1.
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Background: Recent in vitro evidence suggests a link between vitamin D status and the risk of tuberculosis (TB). This study sought to examine the association between vitamin D status, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and the risk of TB in a Vietnamese population. Methods: The study was designed as a matched case-control study, which involved 166 TB patients (113 men and 53 women), who were age-and-sex matched with 219 controls (113 men and 106 women). The average age of men and women was 49 and 50, respectively. TB was diagnosed by the presence of acid-fast bacilli on smears from sputum, and the isolation of M. tuberculosis. All patients were hospitalized for treatment in a TB specialist hospital. Controls were randomly drawn from the general community within the Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam. 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D] and PTH was measured prior to treatment by an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) on a Roche Elecsys. A serum level of 25(OH) D below 30 ng/mL was deemed to be vitamin D insufficient. Results: The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency was 35.4% in men with TB and 19.5% in controls (P = 0.01). In women, there were no significant differences in serum 25(OH) D and serum PTH levels between TB patients and controls. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in women with TB (45.3%) was not significantly different from those without TB (47.6%; P = 0.91). However, in both genders, serum calcium levels in TB patients were significantly lower than in non-TB individuals. Smoking (odds ratio [OR] 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10 - 14.7), reduced 25(OH) D (OR per standard deviation [SD]: 1.14; 95% CI 1.07 - 10.7) and increased PTH (OR per SD 1.13; 95% CI 1.05 - 10.4) were independently associated with increased risk of TB in men. Conclusion: These results suggest that vitamin D insufficiency was a risk factor for tuberculosis in men, but not in women. However, it remains to be established whether the association is a causal relationship.

Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR & Kumble, C 2010, 'Decentralized robust static synchronous compensator control for wind farms to augment dynamic transfer capability', Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 022701-022701.
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This paper presents an algorithm to design a decentralized robust controller for static synchronous compensators (STATCOMs) using minimax linear quadratic output-feedback control design approach. There is an increase in the available (dynamic) transfer capability of power systems with fixed-speed wind generators due to the designed decentralized controllers. The effects of the integration of various types of wind generators into power systems based on transfer limit have also been analyzed in this paper. The effectiveness of the suggested control strategy is validated by simulations on a benchmark two area power system. The performance of the designed controller is also compared to a conventional proportional-integral-based STATCOM controller. Simulation results show that both the dynamic voltage stability and the transient stability can be improved by using the robust STATCOM control proposed in this paper.

Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR, Ugrinovskii, VA & Ramos, RA 2010, 'Simultaneous STATCOM and Pitch Angle Control for Improved LVRT Capability of Fixed-Speed Wind Turbines', IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 142-151.
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Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR, Ugrinovskii, VA & Ramos, RA 2010, 'Voltage mode stabilisation in power systems with dynamic loads', International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 32, no. 9, pp. 911-920.
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Hossein Alavi, A, Hossein Gandomi, A, Mollahassani, A, Akbar Heshmati, A & Rashed, A 2010, 'Modeling of maximum dry density and optimum moisture content of stabilized soil using artificial neural networks', Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, vol. 173, no. 3, pp. 368-379.
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AbstractThis study considers the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict the maximum dry density (MDD) and optimum moisture content (OMC) of soil‐stabilizer mix. Multilayer perceptron (MLP), one of the most widely used ANN architectures in the literature, is utilized to construct comprehensive and accurate models relating the MDD and OMC of stabilized soil to the properties of natural soil such as particle‐size distribution, plasticity, linear shrinkage, and the type and quantity of stabilizing additives. Five ANN models are constructed using different combinations of the input parameters. Two separate sets of ANN prediction models, one for MDD and the other for OMC, and also a combined ANN model for multiple outputs are developed using the potentially influential input parameters. Relative‐importance values of various inputs of the models are calculated to determine the significance of each of the predictor variables to MDD and OMC. Inferring the most relevant input parameters based on Garson's algorithm, modified ANN models are separately developed for MDD and OMC. The modified ANN models are utilized to introduce explicit formulations of MDD and OMC. A parametric study is also conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of MDD and OMC due to the variation of the most influencing input parameters. A comprehensive set of data including a wide range of soil types obtained from the previously published stabilization test results is used for training and testing the prediction models. The performance of ANN‐based models is subsequently analyzed and compared in detail. The results demonstrate that the accuracy of the proposed models is satisfactory as compared to the experimental results.

Hosseini Hashemi, S, Es’haghi, M & Karimi, M 2010, 'Closed-form solution for free vibration of piezoelectric coupled annular plates using Levinson plate theory', Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, no. 9, pp. 1390-1408.
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Free vibration analysis of annular moderately thick plates integrated with piezoelectric layers is investigated in this study for different combinations of soft simply supported, hard simply supported and clamped boundary conditions at the inner and outer edges of the annular plate on the basis of the Levinson plate theory (LPT). The distribution of electric potential along the thickness direction in the piezoelectric layer is assumed as a sinusoidal function so that the Maxwell static electricity equation is approximately satisfied. The differential equations of motion are solved analytically for various boundary conditions of the plate. In this study the closed-form solution for characteristic equations, displacement components of the plate and electric potential are derived for the first time in the literature. To demonstrate the accuracy of the present solution, comparison studies is first carried out with the available data in the literature and then natural frequencies of the piezoelectric coupled annular plate are presented for different thickness-radius ratios, inner-outer radius ratios, thickness of piezoelectric, material of piezoelectric and boundary conditions. Present analytical model provides design reference for piezoelectric material application, such as sensors, actuators and ultrasonic motors. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Hosseini Hashemi, S, Es’haghi, M & Karimi, M 2010, 'Closed-form vibration analysis of thick annular functionally graded plates with integrated piezoelectric layers', International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 410-428.
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This paper employs an analytical method to analyze vibration of piezoelectric coupled thick annular functionally graded plates (FGPs) subjected to different combinations of soft simply supported, hard simply supported and clamped boundary conditions at the inner and outer edges of the annular plate on the basis of the Reddy’s third-order shear deformation theory (TSDT). The properties of host plate are graded in the thickness direction according to a volume fraction power-law distribution. The distribution of electric potential along the thickness direction in the piezoelectric layer is assumed as a sinusoidal function so that the Maxwell static electricity equation is approximately satisfied. The differential equations of motion are solved analytically for various boundary conditions of the plate. In this study closed-form expressions for characteristic equations, displacement components of the plate and electric potential are derived for the first time in the literature. The present analysis is validated by comparing results with those in the literature and then natural frequencies of the piezoelectric coupled annular FG plate are presented in tabular and graphical forms for different thickness-radius ratios, inner-outer radius ratios, thickness of piezoelectric, material of piezoelectric, power index and boundary conditions. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Hosseini Hashemi, S, Karimi, M & Rokni Damavandi Taher, H 2010, 'Vibration analysis of rectangular Mindlin plates on elastic foundations and vertically in contact with stationary fluid by the Ritz method', Ocean Engineering, vol. 37, no. 2-3, pp. 174-185.
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In this study Free vibration analysis of vertical rectangular Mindlin plates resting on Pasternak elastic foundation and fully or partially in contact with fluid on their one side is investigated for different combinations of boundary conditions. The plate is assumed to be one of vertical rectangular walls of a container in contact with fluid. In order to analyze the interaction of the Mindlin plate with the elastic foundation and fluid system, three displacement components of the plate are expressed in the Ritz method by adopting a set of static Timoshenko beam functions satisfying geometric boundary conditions in a Cartesian co-ordinate system. The method of separation of variables and the method of Fourier series expansion is used to model fluid and to obtain the exact expression of the motion of fluid in the form of integral equations. The fluid domain is finite in depth and width but infinite in the length direction. To demonstrate the accuracy of the present solution, convergence study is first carried out and then a few comparison studies are carried out with the available data in the literature. Finally, natural frequencies of rectangular plates are presented in tabular and graphical forms for different fluid levels, foundation parameters, aspect ratios, thickness to width ratios and boundary conditions. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Hosseini, SSS & Gandomi, AH 2010, 'Discussion of 'Economic Load Dispatch A Comparative Study on Heuristic Optimization Techniques With an Improved Coordinated Aggregation-Based PSO'', IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 590-590.
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Hosseini, SSS & Gandomi, AH 2010, 'Discussion on “Enhancement of combined heat and power economic dispatch using self adaptive real-coded genetic algorithm, by P. Subbaraj et al., Applied Energy 86 (2009) 915–921.”', Applied Energy, vol. 87, no. 4, pp. 1459-1459.
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Hosseini-Hashemi, S, Karimi, M & Hossein Rokni, DT 2010, 'Hydroelastic vibration and buckling of rectangular Mindlin plates on Pasternak foundations under linearly varying in-plane loads', Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, vol. 30, no. 12, pp. 1487-1499.
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Hydroelastic vibration and buckling analysis of horizontal rectangular plates resting on Pasternak foundation and subjected to linearly varying in-plane loads is investigated for different boundary conditions. Fluid is assumed to be inviscid and incompressible. To analyze the interaction of the Mindlin plate with the elastic foundation and fluid system, three displacement components of the plate are expressed in the Ritz method by adopting a set of static Timoshenko beam functions satisfying geometric boundary conditions. Convergence study is first carried out to confirm the stability of the present method. Then, a few comparisons are made for limited cases between present results and the available data in the literature. Finally, parametric study is conducted to highlight the effects of loading factors, fluid levels, foundation stiffness parameters, aspect ratios, thickness to width ratios and different boundary conditions on the critical buckling loads and wet natural frequencies of rectangular plates. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.

Howarth, B, Katupitiya, J, Eaton, R & Kodagoda, S 2010, 'A machine learning approach to crop localisation using spatial information', International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology, vol. 39, no. 1/2/3, pp. 101-101.
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This paper describes an approach to recognise and localise centres of mature lettuce heads in the field when the lettuce leaves obscure the distinctions between plants. This is of great value when using an automatic harvester in cluttered or closely planted vegetation. The aim of this work is to investigate and verify the potential use of spatial rather than visual clues for recognition and localisation, with a view to implement a more robust and sophisticated system if promise is shown. Colour/texture information was difficult to use so spatial information was used instead. A laser range finder was used to generate a height plot from above the plants. Lettuce examples were used to learn the radial distribution of the lettuce model. This was compared with the distributions of arbitrary locations in new scans to locate possible lettuce locations. Planting distance information was then used to localise the final lettuce positions. The algorithm was able to successfully locate 15 out of 16 sample lettuces. © 2010 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Hsieh, M-H & Gall, FL 2010, 'NP-hardness of decoding quantum error-correction codes', Physical Review A, vol. 83, no. 5, pp. 052331-5.
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Though the theory of quantum error correction is intimately related to theclassical coding theory, in particular, one can construct quantum errorcorrection codes (QECCs) from classical codes with the dual containingproperty, this does not necessarily imply that the computational complexity ofdecoding QECCs is the same as their classical counterparts. Instead, decodingQECCs can be very much different from decoding classical codes due to thedegeneracy property. Intuitively, one expect degeneracy would simplify thedecoding since two different errors might not and need not be distinguished inorder to correct them. However, we show that general quantum decoding problemis NP-hard regardless of the quantum codes being degenerate or non-degenerate.This finding implies that no considerably fast decoding algorithm exists forthe general quantum decoding problems, and suggests the existence of a quantumcryptosystem based on the hardness of decoding QECCs.

Hu, B-L, Zheng, P, Tang, C-J, Chen, J-W, van der Biezen, E, Zhang, L, Ni, B-J, Jetten, MSM, Yan, J, Yu, H-Q & Kartal, B 2010, 'Identification and quantification of anammox bacteria in eight nitrogen removal reactors', Water Research, vol. 44, no. 17, pp. 5014-5020.
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Hu, HS, Wang, J, Jiang, XZ, Li, YC & Li, ZC 2010, 'Design and controllability analysis of a gun magnetorheological recoil damper', Zhendong yu Chongji/Journal of Vibration and Shock, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 184-188.
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According to gun magnetorheological (MR) recoil damper's characteristics, aiming at the recoil part of a gun system under high impact and high-speed environment, the recoil resistance force's effect on the quiescence and firing stability of the gun was studied. The controllability of a magnetorheological damper to the gun recoil part's movement was also studied. A new gun magnetorheological recoil damper was designed and developed. And a suit of real-time measuring and controlling simulation experimental platform including hardware and software for dynamic response of a gun MR recoil damper under impact load was developed. Considering the dynamic behavior of the MR damper under impact load, an inertia factor was introduced into the dynamic model of the recoil part of the gun system. A shock test was done to measure the designed long-stroke MR damper's dynamic performance under impact load. To evaluate the control effect of the MR damper on the gun recoil movement during recoiling, a hardware-in-loop simulation and a test were performed. The testing results showed that the recoil's resistance and stroke of the designed gun MR recoil damper under impact load can be controlled by changing the applied current. The results lay a foundation for the integrated design and engineering application of the gun recoil force and stroke control.

Hu, S, Zheng, Z, Yuan, X, Wang, W, Song, Y, Sun, H & Xu, J 2010, 'Increasing Long-Term Major Vascular Events and Resource Consumption in Patients Receiving Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass', Circulation, vol. 121, no. 16, pp. 1800-1808.
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Background— Despite its widespread use and short-term efficacy, substantial uncertainty remains about the long-term outcomes and cost-effectiveness of off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB). Methods and Results— A retrospective review of prospectively collected data was conducted of 6665 consecutive patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) at our institution during 1999 to 2006. All patients were followed up until September 30, 2008. Short- and long-term outcomes were compared between OPCAB and conventional CABG. The 2 main long-term outcome measures were repeat revascularization and the composite outcome of major vascular events. Cost comparison at 2 years in a propensity-matched sample during follow-up was also a study interest. The overall mean baseline age was 60.3±8.6 years, and 17.0% were women. Compared with conventional CABG, patients who underwent OPCAB had lower rates of atrial fibrillation ( P =0.003) and requirements for blood transfusion ( P =0.03) and ventilation time >24 hours ( P <0.001). After an average of 4.5 years of follow-up, the rates of repeat revascularization (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.40; 95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 1.89) and major vascular events (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.09 to 1.39) were significantly higher in the OPCAB than the conventional CABG group. At 2 years, OPCAB was associated with increased additional direct costs per patient compared with conventional CABG and had a similar survival rate. ...

Hu, S-S, Fan, H-G, Zheng, Z, Feng, W, Wang, W, Song, Y-H, Wang, L-Q, Yuan, X & Zhang, S-J 2010, 'Left ventricular reconstruction with no-patch technique: early and late clinical outcomes.', Chin Med J (Engl), vol. 123, no. 23, pp. 3412-3416.
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BACKGROUND: Few studies have evaluated late clinical outcome of no-patch technique in patients with large left ventricular aneurysms. The objectives of this study were to evaluate a no-patch surgical technique to reconstruct the left ventricle in patients with left ventricular aneurysm and to assess early and late clinical outcomes. METHODS: In 1995, we began using a no-patch technique in patients with dyskinetic left ventricular aneurysms. A total of 145 patients underwent left ventricular reconstruction with this technique and were followed up for (59 ± 29) months (range, 1 - 127 months). Risk factors for early mortality were analyzed by bivariate analyses. Cox's proportional hazards model was used to calculate risk factors for all-cause mortality and hospital readmission. Kaplan-Meier methodology was used to analyze late survival. RESULTS: One week after operation, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter had decreased from (61 ± 8) mm to (55 ± 8) mm, and geometry of the left ventricle was restored to a more normal conical shape. Early mortality was 3% and late mortality 11%. Over a 5-year follow-up period, hospital readmission was 28%. One-, 5-, and 10-year survival estimates were 95% (95% confidence interval (CI) 91% - 99%), 86% (95%CI 78% - 94%), and 74% (95%CI 60% - 88%). Readmission-free survival at 1 and 5 years after operation was 87% (95%CI 81% - 93%) and 60% (95%CI 50% - 70%), respectively. CONCLUSION: The no-patch technique for left ventricular reconstruction is an effective and simple procedure that can achieve satisfactory early and late clinical outcomes in patients with left ventricular aneurysms.

Huang, X, Guo, YJ & Bunton, JD 2010, 'A hybrid adaptive antenna array', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 1770-1779.
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Owing to the excessive demand on signal processing and space constraint, a full digital implementation of a large adaptive antenna array at millimeter wave frequencies is very challenging. Targeted at long range high data rate point-topoint link in the 70/80 GHz bands, a novel hybrid adaptive antenna array which consists of analogue subarrays followed by a digital beamformer is presented in this paper to overcome the digital implementation difficulty. Two subarray configurations, the interleaved subarray and the side-by-side subarray, are proposed, and two Doppler resilient adaptive angle-of-arrival estimation and beamforming algorithms, the differential beam tracking (DBT) and the differential beam search (DBS), are developed. Simulation results on the DBT and DBS performance are provided using a 64 element hybrid planar array of four 4 by 4 element subarrays with the two subarray configurations, respectively. Recursive mean square error (MSE) bounds of the developed algorithms are also analyzed and compared with simulated MSEs. © 2006 IEEE.

Huang, X, Wen, B & Ding, F 2010, 'Ship detection and tracking using multi-frequency HFSWR', IEICE Electronics Express, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 410-415.
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Huang, Z, Gallucci, J, Chen, X, Yisgedu, T, Lingam, HK, Shore, SG & Zhao, J-C 2010, 'Li2B12H12·7NH3: a new ammine complex for ammonia storage or indirect hydrogen storage', Journal of Materials Chemistry, vol. 20, no. 14, pp. 2743-2743.
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Huang, Z, King, G, Chen, X, Hoy, J, Yisgedu, T, Lingam, HK, Shore, SG, Woodward, PM & Zhao, J-C 2010, 'A Simple and Efficient Way to Synthesize Unsolvated Sodium Octahydrotriborate', Inorganic Chemistry, vol. 49, no. 18, pp. 8185-8187.
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Hung Gia Hoang, Hoang Duong Tuan & Nguyen, TQ 2010, 'Optimized Analog Flat Filter Design', IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 901-906.
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This paper proposes a systematic approach for the optimized design of analog filters, which includes all well-known classical analog filters as a special case. All specifications including the conventional ones and also filter flatness degrees are explic

HUO, H, CHEN, Q-K, WANG, G-R, PENG, D-L, HAO, J-T & GAO, L-P 2010, 'The Adaptive Fragmentation for XML Stream Dissemination', Chinese Journal of Computers, vol. 33, no. 10, pp. 1953-1962.
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Huo, H, Wang, G, Chen, Q & Peng, D 2010, 'SLCA algorithm for XML streams based on hole-filler model', Jisuanji Yanjiu yu Fazhan/Computer Research and Development, vol. 47, no. 5, pp. 886-892.
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Unlike in traditional databases, queries on XML streams are bounded not only by memory but also by real time processing. A novel technique for keyword search over streamed XML fragments is presented, which adopts broadcast model and hole-filler model for XML fragments dissemination, addressing the problem of disordered fragment transmission and considering the quality of searching results due to either keyword mismatch or data absence. Two efficient indexes for candidate elements are developed to further improve the performance: Hierarchical hash table and LCA table. The former indexes structure keywords which act as the structure of result, while the latter indexes the condition keywords which refine the keyword search condition. SLCA computing algorithm, which is triggered by condition keywords, only computes the candidate fragments that involve keywords, thus avoiding redundant operations that will not contribute to the final result. The algorithm produces part of the matched answers continuously without having to wait for the end of the stream. The experiments evaluate the performance of the SLCA algorithm with different types of keywords, different document fragmentation and different keyword frequencies, and compare the SLCA algorithm with other XML keyword matching algorithms. The experiment study shows that the SLCA algorithm performs well on saving processing power and memory space.

Hussain, OK, Dillon, T, Chang, E & Hussain, F 2010, 'Transactional risk-based decision making system in e-business interactions', Computer Systems Science and Engineering, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 15-28.
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The credit crunch and economic crisis have demonstrated the need to properly understand, characterize and assimilate risk in business activities. Failure to do this has resulted in serious consequences to the users involved. So the analysis and management of risk is one of the important pre-requisites to ensure a successful outcome in a business activity in any domain. In this paper we propose an approach by which an interaction initiating user in the domain of e-business ascertains beforehand the level of transactional risk in the successful completion of its business activity and utilizes it to determine on an interaction. The proposed model considers the different sub-categories and characteristics of transactional risk and ascertains in numeric and semantic terms the different levels and severities of its occurrence. It then utilizes the determined analysis of transactional risk to recommend on an informed interaction-based decision to the interaction initiating user. ©2010 CRL Publishing Ltd.

Indraratna, B 2010, 'Recent advances in the application of vertical drains and vacuum preloading in soft soil stabilisation', Australian Geomechanics Journal, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 1-44.
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Much of the world's essential infrastructure is built along congested coastal belts that are composed of highly compressible and weak soils up to significant depths. Soft alluvial and marine clay deposits have very low bearing capacity and excessive settlement characteristics, with obvious design and maintenance implications on tall structures and large commercial buildings, as well as port and transport infrastructure. Stabilising these soft soils before commencing construction is essential for both long term and short term stability. Pre-construction consolidation of soft soils through the application of a surcharge load alone often takes too long, apart from which, the load required to achieve more than 90% consolidation of these mostly low lying, permeable, and very thick clay deposits can be excessively high over a prolonged period. A system of vertical drains combined with vacuum pressure and surcharge preloading has become an attractive ground improvement alternative in terms of both cost and effectiveness. This technique accelerates consolidation by promoting rapid radial flow which decreases the excess pore-pressure while increasing the effective stress. Over the past 15 years, the Author and his co-workers have developed numerous experimental, analytical and numerical approaches that simulate the mechanics of prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) and vacuum preloading, including two-dimensional and three-dimensional analyses, and more comprehensive design methods. These recent techniques have been applied to various real life projects in Australia and Southeast Asia. Some of the new design concepts include the role of overlapping smear zones due to P VD-mandrel penetration, pore pressure prediction based on the elliptical cavity expansion theory, and the rise and fall of pore pressure via PVD under cyclic loads. These recent advances enable greater accuracy in the prediction of excess pore water pressure, and lateral and vertical displacement o...

Indraratna, B, Geng, X & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2010, 'Review of mehods of analysis for the use of vacuum preloading and vertical drains for soft clay improvement', Geomechanics and Geoengineering, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 223-236.
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The use of vertical drains with vacuum preloading for soft soil improvement has become a booming interest in recent years. In this paper, theoretical and practical developments of the utilization of vertical drain with vacuum preloading are currently reviewed. Geotechnical aspects of factors affecting the performance of vacuum consolidation and conversion procedure for multi-drain analysis are discussed based on the current state of the art. The salient aspects of selected case histories on soft clays and land reclamations are elucidated. © 2010 Taylor &Francis.

Indraratna, B, Ni, J & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2010, 'Investigation on effectiveness of a prefabricated vertical drain during cyclic loading', IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 10, pp. 012091-012091.
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Indraratna, B, Nimbalkar, S, Christie, D, Rujikiatkamjorn, C & Vinod, J 2010, 'Field Assessment of the Performance of a Ballasted Rail Track with and without Geosynthetics', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 136, no. 7, pp. 907-917.
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INDRARATNA, B, OLIVEIRA, DAF & BROWN, ET 2010, 'A shear-displacement criterion for soil-infilled rock discontinuities', Géotechnique, vol. 60, no. 8, pp. 623-633.
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An infilled rock joint is likely to be the weakest plane in a rock mass. The most pronounced effect of the presence of infill material is the reduction in friction of the discontinuity boundaries (i.e. rock to rock contact of the joint walls). The thicker the infill, the smaller the shear strength of the rock joint. Once the infill reaches a critical thickness, the joint walls (rock) play no significant role in the overall shear strength. Several models have been proposed to predict the peak shear strength of infilled joints under both constant normal load and constant normal stiffness boundary conditions, taking into account the ratio of infill thickness (t) to the height of the joint wall asperity (a), that is the t/a ratio. Models based on the constant normal stiffness condition provide a much more accurate representation of the infilled joint behaviour in the field, but only a limited number of studies have focused on the more realistic constant normal stiffness stress–strain behaviour. This paper presents a critical review of some of the earlier studies and the most recent advancement of a shear-strength model developed at University of Wollongong, Australia, supplemented with laboratory data for model validation. The effect of different factors on the shear behaviour such as the t/a ratio, infill friction angle, joint wall roughness, joint stiffness and type of infill are presented.

Indraratna, B, Oliveira, DAF, Brown, ET & de Assis, AP 2010, 'Corrigendum to “Effect of soil-infilled joints on the stability of rock wedges formed in a tunnel roof”', International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, vol. 47, no. 7, pp. 1229-1229.
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Indraratna, B, Oliveira, DAF, Brown, ET & de Assis, AP 2010, 'Effect of soil–infilled joints on the stability of rock wedges formed in a tunnel roof', International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, vol. 47, no. 5, pp. 739-751.
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Indraratna, B, Regmi, G, Nghiem, LD & Golab, A 2010, 'Performance of a PRB for the Remediation of Acidic Groundwater in Acid Sulfate Soil Terrain', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 136, no. 7, pp. 897-906.
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Indraratna, B, Rujikiatkamjorn, C, Ewers, B & Adams, M 2010, 'Class A Prediction of the Behavior of Soft Estuarine Soil Foundation Stabilized by Short Vertical Drains beneath a Rail Track', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 136, no. 5, pp. 686-696.
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Indraratna, B, Rujikiatkamjorn, C, Kelly, R & Buys, H 2010, 'Sustainable soil improvement via vacuum preloading', Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Ground Improvement, vol. 163, no. 1, pp. 31-42.
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The application of prefabricated vertical drains combined with vacuum and surcharge preloading is considered to be one of the most environmentally friendly ground improvement techniques. The natural atmospheric pressure is used to generate suction via a vacuum pump. In comparison with other ground improvement methods such as deep piling and deep mixing, this method will not only save a substantial cost in road and rail embankment maintenance and construction but will also enhance the speed of construction of coastal highways and rail tracks and their capacity to carry a greater traffic load. Moreover, as drains with vacuum pressure do not involve chemicals, the soil and groundwater chemistry will not change, unlike cement and lime treatment. Vacuum preloading will also reduce the impact on the environment by minimising the greenhouse gas emissions and the need for quarrying natural sand and gravel. The performances of three full-scale test embankments constructed in Thailand, China and Australia are discussed collectively, demonstrating the advantages and environmental benefits of vacuum consolidation in relation to a standard surcharge-only system.

Indraratna, B, Thakur, PK & Vinod, JS 2010, 'Experimental and Numerical Study of Railway Ballast Behavior under Cyclic Loading', International Journal of Geomechanics, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 136-144.
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This paper presents the results of the influence of frequency on the permanent deformation and degradation behavior of ballast during cyclic loading. The behavior of ballast under numerous cycles was investigated through a series of large-scale cyclic triaxial tests. The tests were conducted at frequencies ranging from 10-40 Hz, which is equivalent to a train traveling from 73 km/h to 291 km/h over standard gauge tracks in Australia. The results showed that permanent deformation and degradation of ballast increased with the frequency of loading and number of cycles. Much of breakage occurs during the initial cycle; however, there exists a frequency zone of 20 Hz≤f≤30 Hz where cyclic densification takes place without much additional breakage. An empirical relationship among axial strain, frequency and number of cycles has been proposed based on the experimental data. In addition, discrete-element method (DEM) simulations were carried out using PFC2D on an assembly of irregular shaped particles. A novel approach was used to model a two-dimensional (2D) projection of real ballast particles. Clusters of bonded circular particles were used to model a 2D projection of angular ballast particles. Degradation of the bonds within a cluster was considered to represent particle breakage. The results of DEM simulations captured the ballast behavior under cyclic loading in accordance with the experimental observations. Moreover, the evolution of micromechanical parameters such as a distribution of the contact force and bond force developed during cyclic loading was presented to explain the mechanism of particle breakage. It has been revealed that particle breakage is mainly due to the tensile stress developed during cyclic loading and is located mainly in the direction of the movement of ballast particles. © 2010 ASCE.

Jain, R, Ji, Z, Upadhyay, S & Watrous, J 2010, 'QIP = PSPACE', Communications of the ACM, vol. 53, no. 12, pp. 102-109.
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The interactive proof system model of computation has been studied extensively in computational complexity theory and theoretical cryptography for more than 25 years, and has driven the development of interesting new techniques and insights in those fields. This work considers the quantum interactive proof system model, which is the classical model's natural quantum computational analog. An exact characterization of the expressive power of quantum interactive proof systems is obtained: the collection of computational problems having quantum interactive proof systems consists precisely of those problems solvable with an ordinary classical computer using at most a polynomial amount of memory (or QIP = PSPACE in complexity-theoretic terminology). One striking implication of this characterization is that it implies quantum computing provides no increase in computational power whatsoever over classical computing in the context of interactive proof systems.

Jegatheesan, V, Shu, L & Ngo, HH 2010, 'Special Issue on the Challenges in Environmental Science and Engineering, CESE-2009 14–17 July, 2009 – Jupiters Hotel, Townsville, Queensland, Australia', Bioresource Technology, vol. 101, no. 5, pp. 1415-1415.
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Jeyakumar, P, Loganathan, P, Sivakumaran, S, Anderson, CWN & McLaren, RG 2010, 'Bioavailability of copper and zinc to poplar and microorganisms in a biosolids-amended soil', AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL RESEARCH, vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 459-469.
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The effects of high concentrations of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in a soil treated with biosolids previously spiked with these metals on poplar (Populus deltoidesyunnanensis) were investigated in a pot trial. The total soil metal concentrations in the treatments were 12, 46, 137, and 226mg Cu/kg and 25, 141, 433, and 686mg Zn/kg. Copper accumulation was lower in poplar leaves than Zn and the maximum bioconcentration factor was 0.8 for Cu and 10 for Zn. Copper was not found to be toxic to plants at any level of application or to mycorrhiza up to 137mg/kg, but it was found to be toxic to soil microorganisms at all levels of Cu addition. Copper application increased mycorrhiza colonisation up to 137mg Cu/kg and root dry matter at 226mg Cu/kg, but had no effect on leaf dry matter. Increasing Zn rate decreased all plant and soil parameters. Lower percentages of Cu in the soil exchangeable fraction, and a lower Cu2+ concentrations in soil solution relative to Zn indicated lower bioavailability of Cu. Dehydrogenase activity was reduced by 50% at total solution-phase Cu and Zn concentrations of 0.1 and 27mg/L, respectively, and solid-phase exchangeable Cu and Zn concentrations of 5 and 169mg/kg, respectively. © 2010 CSIRO.

Ji, JC & Zhang, N 2010, 'Suppression of the primary resonance vibrations of a forced nonlinear system using a dynamic vibration absorber', JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION, vol. 329, no. 11, pp. 2044-2056.
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In a single degree-of-freedom weakly nonlinear oscillator subjected to periodic external excitation, a small-amplitude excitation may produce a relatively large-amplitude response under primary resonance conditions. Jump and hysteresis phenomena that result from saddle-node bifurcations may occur in the steady-state response of the forced nonlinear oscillator. A simple mass-spring-damper vibration absorber is thus employed to suppress the nonlinear vibrations of the forced nonlinear oscillator for the primary resonance conditions. The values of the spring stiffness and mass of the vibration absorber are significantly lower than their counterpart of the forced nonlinear oscillator. Vibrational energy of the forced nonlinear oscillator is transferred to the attached light mass through linked spring and damper. As a result, the nonlinear vibrations of the forced oscillator are greatly reduced and the vibrations of the absorber are significant. The method of multiple scales is used to obtain the averaged equations that determine the amplitude and phases of the first-order approximate solutions to primary resonance vibrations of the forced nonlinear oscillator. Illustrative examples are given to show the effectiveness of the dynamic vibration absorber for suppressing primary resonance vibrations. The effects of the linked spring and damper and the attached mass on the reduction of nonlinear vibrations are studied with the help of frequency response curves, the attenuation ratio of response amplitude and the desensitisation ratio of the critical amplitude of excitation. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Ji, Z, Chen, J, Wei, Z & Ying, M 2010, 'THE LU-LC CONJECTURE IS FALSE', QUANTUM INFORMATION & COMPUTATION, vol. 10, no. 1-2, pp. 97-108.
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The LU-LC conjecture is an important open problem concerning the structure of entanglement of states described in the stabilizer formalism. It states that two local unitary equivalent stabilizer states are also local Clifford equivalent. If this conjecture were true, the local equivalence of stabilizer states would be extremely easy to characterize. Unfortunately, however, based on the recent progress made by Gross and Van den Nest, we find that the conjecture is false.

JIA, B-Y, YU, Z-Y, LIU, Y-M & TIAN, H-D 2010, 'Calculation of valence band structures of InAs/GaAs quantum ring and quantum dot: using numerical Fourier transform method', The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 106-110.
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This article puts forward a new method in calculating the band structures of low-dimensional semiconductor structures. In this study, the valence band structures of InAs/GaAs quantum ring and lens-shaped quantum dot are calculated with four-band model, in the framework of effective-mass envelope function theory. To determine the Hamiltonian matrix elements, this article develops the numerical Fourier transform method instead of the widely used analytical integral method. The valence band mixing is considered. The hole energy levels change dramatically with the geometrical parameters of the quantum ring and quantum dot. It is demonstrated that numerical Fourier transform method can be adopted in low-dimensional structures with any shape. The results of Fourier transform method are consistent with the ones of analytical integral in literature; and they are helpful for studying and fabricating optoelectronic devices. © 2010 The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications.

Jiang, ZY, Tang, J, Sun, W, Tieu, AK & Wei, D 2010, 'Analysis of tribological feature of the oxide scale in hot strip rolling', Tribology International, vol. 43, no. 8, pp. 1339-1345.
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Johir, MAH, Vigneswaran, S & Kandasamy, J 2010, 'Hybrid filtration method for pre-treatment of stormwater', Water Science and Technology, vol. 62, no. 12, pp. 2937-2943.
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In this study the hybrid filtration process (combining fibre filter with deep bed dual media filtration) was investigated as pre-treatment to stormwater. This process was investigated in-terms of reduction in turbidity, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), colour, headloss development across the filters, suspended solids removal, organic matter removal, nutrients and heavy matter (such as iron, copper, lead, zinc) removal efficiency. A comparison was made between the hybrid filter with single media (sand) deep bed filter and fibre filter. It was found that the hybrid filtration system successfully removed turbidity (98%), colour (99%), suspended solids (99%), and DOC (55%). The removal efficiency of heavy metal was relatively low as the concentration of heavy metals present in stormwater was low. The removal efficiency of nitrate, nitrite and phosphorous (as orthophosphate) was 27, 35 and 72% respectively. Hybrid filtration processes showed a better reduction of Modified Fouling Index (MFI) value (from 15.500 s/l2 to 9 s/l2) compared with single media sand, anthracite and fibre filter which were 35 s/l2, 13 s/l2and 14 s/l2 respectively when operated at FeCl3 dose of 15 mg/l.

Johnston, M, Geoffroy, M-C, Sobala, A, Hay, R & Hutvagner, G 2010, 'HSP90 Protein Stabilizes Unloaded Argonaute Complexes and Microscopic P-bodies in Human Cells', Molecular Biology of the Cell, vol. 21, no. 9, pp. 1462-1469.
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Key components of the miRNA-mediated gene regulation pathway are localized in cytoplasmic processing bodies (P-bodies). Mounting evidence suggests that the presence of microscopic P-bodies are not always required for miRNA-mediated gene regulation. Here we have shown that geldanamycin, a well-characterized HSP90 inhibitor, abolishes P-bodies and significantly reduces Argonaute and GW182 protein levels but does not affect the miRNA level and the efficiency of miRNA-mediated gene repression; however, it significantly impairs siRNA loading and the efficacy of exogenous siRNA. Our data suggests that HSP90 protein chaperones Argonautes before binding RNA and may facilitate efficient loading of small RNA.

Jun Zhang, Lu, DD-C & Ting Sun 2010, 'Flyback-Based Single-Stage Power-Factor-Correction Scheme With Time-Multiplexing Control', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 1041-1049.
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Juszczyszyn, K, Kazienko, P & Musiał, K 2010, 'Personalized Ontology-Based Recommender Systems for Multimedia Objects', Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol. 289, pp. 275-292.
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A framework for recommendation of multimedia objects based on processing of individual ontologies is proposed in the chapter. The recommendation process takes into account similarities calculated both between objects' and users' ontologies, which reflect the social and semantic features existing in the system. The ontologies, which are close to the current context, provide a list of suggestions presented to the user. Each user in the system possesses its own Personal Agent that performs all necessary online tasks. Personal Agents co-operate each other and enrich lists of possible recommendations. The system was developed for the use inthe Flickr multimedia sharing system. © 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Kabli, N, Martin, N, Fan, T, Nguyen, T, Hasbi, A, Balboni, G, O'Dowd, BF & George, SR 2010, 'Agonists at the δ‐opioid receptor modify the binding of µ‐receptor agonists to the µ–δ receptor hetero‐oligomer', British Journal of Pharmacology, vol. 161, no. 5, pp. 1122-1136.
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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE µ‐ and δ‐opioid receptors form heteromeric complexes with unique ligand binding and G protein‐coupling profiles linked to G protein α z‐subunit (Gαz) activation. However, the mechanism of action of agonists and their regulation of the µ–δ receptor heteromer are not well understood.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Competition radioligand binding, cell surface receptor internalization in intact cells, confocal microscopy and receptor immunofluorescence techniques were employed to study the regulation of the µ–δ receptor heteromer in heterologous cells with and without agonist exposure.KEY RESULTS Gαz enhanced affinity of some agonists at µ–δ receptor heteromers, independent of agonist chemical structure. δ‐Opioid agonists displaced µ‐agonist binding with high affinity from µ–δ heteromers, but not µ receptor homomers, suggestive of δ‐agonists occupying a novel µ‐receptor ligand binding pocket within the heteromers. Also, δ‐agonists induced internalization of µ‐opioid receptors in cells co‐expressing µ‐ and δ‐receptors, but not those expressing µ‐receptors alone, indicative of µ–δ heteromer internalization. This dose‐dependent, Pertussis toxin‐resistant and clathrin‐ and dynamin‐dependent effect required agonist occupancy of both µ‐ and δ‐opioid receptors. In contrast to µ‐receptor homomers, agonist‐induced internalization of µ–δ heteromers persisted following chronic morphine exposure.CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The µ–δ receptor heteromer may contain a novel δ‐agonist‐detected, high‐affinity, µ‐receptor ligand binding pocket and is regulated differently from the µ‐receptor homomer following chronic morphine exposure. Occupancy of both µ‐ and δ‐receptor binding pockets is required for δ‐agonist‐induced endocytosis of µ–δ recepto...

Kejalakshmy, N, Agrawal, A, Aden, Y, Leung, DMH, Rahman, BMA & Grattan, KTV 2010, 'Characterization of silicon nanowire by use of full-vectorial finite element method', Applied Optics, vol. 49, no. 16, pp. 3173-3173.
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Ken-Li Lin, Chin-Teng Lin & Pal, NR 2010, 'Incremental Mountain Clustering Method to Find Building Blocks for Constructing Structures of Proteins', IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 278-288.
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Kennard, R & Leaney, J 2010, 'Towards a general purpose architecture for UI generation', JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE, vol. 83, no. 10, pp. 1896-1906.
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Many software projects spend a significant proportion of their time developing the User Interface (UI), therefore any degree of automation in this area has clear benefits. Such automation is difficult due principally to the diversity of architectures, platforms and development environments. Attempts to automate UI generation to date have contained restrictions which did not accommodate this diversity, leading to a lack of wide industry adoption or standardisation. The authors set out to understand and address these restrictions. We studied the issues of UI generation (especially duplication) in practice, using action research cycles guided by interviews, adoption studies and close collaboration with industry practitioners. In addressing the issues raised in our investigation, we identified five key characteristics any UI generation technique would need before it should expect wide adoption or standardisation. These can be summarised as: inspecting existing, heterogeneous back-end architectures; appreciating different practices in applying inspection results; recognising multiple, and mixtures of, UI widget libraries; supporting multiple, and mixtures of, UI adornments; applying multiple, and mixtures of, UI layouts. Many of these characteristics seem ignored by current approaches. In addition, we discovered an emergent feature of these characteristics that opens the possibility of a previously unattempted goal â namely, retrofitting UI generation to an existing application.

Keshavarzi, A, Valizadeh, M & Ball, J 2010, 'Experimental Study of the Effects of Submerged Dikes on the Energy and Momentum Coefficients in Compound Channel', Engineering, vol. 02, no. 11, pp. 855-862.
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This paper aims to understand the flow structure around submerged dike in the main channel and flood plain of a compound cross section. The study undertaken to develop this understanding was carried out in a laboratory flume using a submerged vane installed at a 90 degree angle to the bank. In order to study the flow structures, the flow velocity was measured using a three-dimensional Acoustic Doppler Velocity meter (micro-ADV) with data collection rate of 50 Hz. These flow velocity measurements were taken at 500 points on a regular grid. As the tests were undertaken with turbulent flow, these conditions were subcritical. Furthermore, all the tests were undertaken using a fixed bed. The results obtained showed that the momentum transfer and the kinetic energy reduced in two directions. Also the energy and momentum coefficients decreased significantly with the installation of the submerged vane inside the main channel. Finally, streamlines were found to deviate from the side walls of channel into the main channel.

Khan, YOUNUSAHMED, Lateh, HB, Jefriza, M, Mohd, WLW & Pradhan, B 2010, 'Monitoring of hill-slope movement due to rainfall at Gunung Pass of Cameron Highland district of Peninsular Malaysia', International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering, vol. 3, pp. 06-12.

Ki, S-K & Lu, DD-C 2010, 'Implementation of an Efficient Transformerless Single-Stage Single-Switch AC/DC Converter', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 12, pp. 4095-4105.
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Kiani, GI, Ford, KL, Olsson, LG, Esselle, KP & Panagamuwa, CJ 2010, 'Switchable Frequency Selective Surface for Reconfigurable Electromagnetic Architecture of Buildings', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 581-584.
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Kiani, GI, Olsson, LG, Karlsson, A & Esselle, KP 2010, 'Transmission of infrared and visible wavelengths through energy-saving glass due to etching of frequency-selective surfaces', IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, vol. 4, no. 7, pp. 955-961.
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Kim, DH, Shon, HK, Phuntsho, S & Cho, J 2010, 'Determination of the Apparent Charge of Natural Organic Matter', SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 339-345.
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The charge of natural organic matter (NOM) is an important parameter for understanding the membrane fouling and NOM removal mechanism with charged membrane. However, there is a lack of technology to make direct measurement of the NOM charge. In this study, we report a novel concept of measuring an apparent charge of the NOM using selectivity coefficient. The apparent charges of three different NOM containing different structures were evaluated to validate this proposed method. The apparent charge of the NOM exhibited a good correlation with specific UV absorbance of the NOM. This apparent charge is therefore a useful indicator for predicting the membrane fouling and NOM removal in membrane filtration technology. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Kim, JB, Park, HJ, Shon, HK, Cho, DL, Kim, G-J, Choi, SW & Kim, J-H 2010, 'Preparation of TiO<SUB>2</SUB> Nanoparticle from Ti-Salt Flocculated Sludge with Dye Wastewater', Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 3260-3265.
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Dye wastewater flocculation using TiCl4 and FeSO4 coagulants was studied for organic removal and precipitation efficiency. Moreover, TiCl4 was assessed in a pilot-scale flocculation process to investigate organic removal and solution pH effect. A large amount of TiO2 was produced from sludge of Ti-salt flocculation in dye wastewater. This flocculation process simultaneously reduces a large amount of sludge produced from wastewater. The TiO2 nanoparticle was characterized in terms of physical and chemical properties. Results showed that 77.6% of organic matter was removed from dye wastewater when using FeSO4 as coagulant, while TiCl4 degraded 75.9% of organic matter. On the other hand, floc precipitation efficiency was better for TiCl4 if compared with FeSO4. The optimum concentration of TiCl4 for pilot-scale flocculation was found to be equal to 2.1 g/L. DWT (Dye wastewater titania) size was 15-20 nm, mainly doped with carbon atoms and exhibited a dominant anatase structure. DWT was similar to P-25 in decomposing acetaldehyde under UV-irradiation and complete photocatalytic degradation was achieved after 140 min.

Kim, JB, Seol, D-H, Shon, HK, Kim, G-J & Kim, J-H 2010, 'Preparation and Characterization of Titania Nanoparticles from Titanium Tetrachloride and Titanium Sulfate Flocculation of Dye Wastewater', Journal of the Japan Petroleum Institute, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 167-172.
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Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is the most widely used metal oxide for environmental applications, cosmetics, paints, electronic paper and solar cells, so demand is increasing rapidly. TiO2 can be produced from Ti-flocculated sludge, which is superior to the co

Kim, SH, Shon, HK & Ngo, HH 2010, 'Adsorption characteristics of antibiotics trimethoprim on powdered and granular activated carbon', JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 344-349.
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The adsorption characteristics of trimethoprim (TMP) onto powdered activated carbon (PAC) and granular activated carbon (GAC) were studied. The adsorption isotherms could be plotted using the Langmuir, Freundlich and Toth models with a reasonable degree

Knox, KJ, Burnham, DR, McCann, LI, Murphy, SL, McGloin, D & Reid, JP 2010, 'Observation of bistability of trapping position in aerosol optical tweezers', Journal of the Optical Society of America B, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 582-582.
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Kodagoda, S & Zhang, Z 2010, 'Multiple Sensor-Based Weed Segmentation', Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering, vol. 224, no. 7, pp. 799-810.
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Bidens pilosa L (commonly known as cobbler's peg) is an annual broad-leaf weed in tropical and subtropical regions and reportedly needs to be identified and eliminated when farming 31 different crop varieties. This paper presents a multi-modal sensing approach for detecting Bidens leaves within wheat plants. Visual cue-based automatic discrimination of Bidens and wheat leaves is non-trivial owing to the curled-up nature of the wheat leaves. Therefore, spectral responses of Bidens and wheat leaves are first analysed to understand the discriminative spectral bands. Then a multi-modal sensory system consisting of a near infra red (NIR) and a visual camera set-up is proposed. Information retrieved from the sensory set up is then processed to generate a series of cues that are fed into a classification algorithm. Classification results are validated through experimentation. The proposed technique is able to achieve an accuracy of 88—95 per cent even when there is substantial overlapping between Bidens and wheat leaves. Further, it is also shown that the algorithm is robust enough to discriminate some other commonly available plant species.

Koppi, T, Sheard, J, Naghdy, F, Edwards, SL & Brookes, W 2010, 'Towards a gender inclusive information and communications technology curriculum: a perspective from graduates in the workforce', Computer Science Education, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 265-282.
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An online survey was conducted of recent information and communications technology (ICT) graduates from 21 Australian universities. A range of abilities including personal/interpersonal, cognitive, business and technical were examined in relation to importance in the workplace and university preparation of those abilities. In addition, a set of six open-ended text-response questions concerned with the curriculum and other workplace preparation were asked. Quantitative and qualitative analyses revealed a range of responses that were significantly different according to gender. Amongst the significant findings are that females are more concerned than males with interpersonal communication, the development of people-skills and the people side of ICT. Implications for the ICT curriculum are that it should have more than a narrow male-centred technological focus and include the involvement of people and the effects of ICT on society in general. This broad inclusive pedagogical approach would satisfy the needs expressed by all respondents and contribute to increasing the enrolments of both female and male students in ICT.

Kuo, F-C, Zhou, ZQ, Ma, J & Zhang, G 2010, 'Metamorphic testing of decision support systems: a case study', IET Software, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 294-301.
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Decision support systems provide critical support to decision makers. These systems are increasingly complex and, as a result, they are very difficult to test because of the lack of an ideal test oracle. Lack of testing may result in poor software qualit

Kus, B, Kandasamy, J, Vigneswaran, S & Shon, HK 2010, 'Analysis of first flush to improve the water quality in rainwater tanks', WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 421-428.
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Although most Australians receive their domestic supply from reticulated mains or town water, there are vast areas with very low population densities and few reticulated supplies. In many of these areas rainwater collected in tanks is the primary source of drinking water. Heavy metals have recently become a concern as their concentration in rain water tanks was found to exceed recommended levels suitable for human consumption. Rainwater storage tanks also accumulate contaminants and sediments that settle to the bottom. Although not widely acknowledged, small amounts of contaminants such as lead found in rain water (used as drinking water) may have a cumulative and poisonous effect on human health over a life time. This is true for certain factors that underlie many of the chronic illnesses that are becoming increasingly common in contemporary society. The paper reports on a study which is part of a project that aims to develop a cost effective in-line filtration system to improve water quality in rainwater tanks. To enable this, the characteristics of rainwater need to be known. One component of this characterization is to observe the effects of the first flush on a rainwater tank. Samples of the roof runoff collected from an urban residential roof located in the Sydney Metropolitan Area in the initial first few millimetres of rain were analysed. The results show that bypassing the first 2mm of rainfall gives water with most water quality parameters compliant with the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (ADWG) standards. The parameters that did not comply were lead and turbidity, which required bypassing approximately the first 5mm of rainfall to meet ADWG standards. Molecular weight distribution (MWD) analysis showed that the concentration of rainwater organic matter (RWOM) decreased with increasing amount of roof runoff.

Kus, B, Kandasamy, J, Vigneswaran, S & Shon, HK 2010, 'Water quality characterisation of rainwater in tanks at different times and locations', WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 429-439.
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Rainwater collected from ten domestic roofs in Sydney and from one in Wollongong, a town south of Sydney, Australia was analysed to determine the water quality and to compare against the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines (ADWG) to determine its suitability as a potable water supply. The pollutants analysed were 13 heavy metals, 8 salts & minerals, pH, ammonia, orthophosphate, conductivity, water hardness, turbidity, total suspended solids, Total dissolved salts & Bicarbonate. The results indicate that the rainwater tested complied to most of the parameters specified in the ADWG. Molecular weight distribution of organic matter from one of the domestic rainwater tanks was analysed in terms of the effects of aging and roof contact. Molecular weight distribution of organic matter in rainwater showed prominent peaks at 37,500 daltons may be due to biopolymers, 850 Da to humic substances, 500 Da to building blocks, 220 Da to low MW acids, and less than 220 Da to amphiphilics. The findings also indicate that the first flush volumes that by-passed the tank can have a significant influence on the water quality in the rainwater tank.

Laird, I, Lu, DDC & Agelidis, VG 2010, 'Switched-coupled-inductor DC/DC converters with high voltage conversion ratio', International Journal of Power Electronics, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 345-345.
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When a low voltage DC power source is used, a DC-DC converter with a high step-up voltage gain is required to raise the voltage to more applicable levels. This is typically achieved by using classical converters driven by pulse width modulation (PWM) waves with extremely high duty cycles. Although theoretically step-up converters can achieve an infinite gain as the duty cycle approaches unity, in reality the gain will peak due to losses in the converter. Increasing the duty cycle beyond this point will only degrade the voltage gain. A solution to this problem is to use a converter that will produce the desired gain at a smaller duty cycle. This paper proposes replacing the inductor in the classical boost converter with a switched-coupled-inductor (SCL) configuration in order to achieve high gains with moderate duty cycles. Mathematical analysis is presented along with selected experimental results to support the theoretical considerations. © 2010 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Lebegue, J, Aryal, R, Shon, HK, Vigneswaran, S, Heran, M & Grasmick, A 2010, 'Identification and quantification of foulant in submerged membrane reactor', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 24, no. 1-3, pp. 278-283.
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In submerged membrane system, membrane fouling is linked to the reversible accumulation of macromolecules and solids on the membrane surface and the irreversible sorption of soluble molecules inside the pores. In the first part of the paper, the fouling was analysed at two different aeration rates through the determination of membrane resistance due to (a) sludging (Rsludging), (b) irreversible biofilm (Rbiofilm) and (c) adsorption of organic (Radsorption). These results confirm the importance of aeration for sludge control in the bundle. In the second part of the paper, irreversible foulant obtained at different aeration rates were characterised. Membrane air flow rate limits adsorption of biopolymers onto or into the membrane surface.

Lee, E, Shon, HK & Cho, J 2010, 'Biofouling characteristics using flow field-flow fractionation: Effect of bacteria and membrane properties', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 101, no. 5, pp. 1487-1493.
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In this study, membrane biofouling caused by bacteria that have different characteristics was evaluated using flow field-flow fractionation (FlFFF). Three different bacteria which differed from size and shape (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Flavobacterium lutescens) were investigated with GM ultrafiltration (UF, rough with a low negative surface charge and relatively high hydrophobicity) and NE70 nanofiltration (NF, smooth with a high negative surface charge and relatively low hydrophobicity) membranes. The FlFFF retention time of S. epidermidis, E. coli and F. lutescens was highly influenced by the ionic strength of the solution and the surface polarity of the membranes and bacteria. The NF membrane was found to have a higher potential of biofouling than the UF membrane with the bacteria tested in this study. E. coli was the most significant biofoulant among the bacteria tested on both membrane surfaces based on FlFFF retention times compared to other bacteria.

Lee, JJ, Johir, MAH, Chinu, KH, Shon, HK, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J, Kim, CW & Shaw, K 2010, 'Novel pre-treatment method for seawater reverse osmosis: Fibre media filtration', DESALINATION, vol. 250, no. 2, pp. 557-561.
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A high rate fibre filter was used as a pre-treatment to seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) to reduce membrane fouling. Seawater was drawn from Chowder Bay where the Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Australia is located. A lab-scale fibre filter with a height of 1000 mm and a diameter of 30 mm was used in conjunction with in-line coagulation. The effect of operating the fibre filter with different packing densities (105, 115 kg/m3) and filtration velocities (40, 60 m/h) was investigated in terms of silt density index (SDI10), modified fouling index (MFI), pressure drop (ÎP), turbidity and molecular weight distribution (MWD). The use of in-line coagulation improved the performance of fibre filter as measured by the MFI and SDI. Regardless of filtration velocity and packing density the MFI and SDI10 values remained low as did the turbidity until the end of the filtration run. The MWD analysis showed the removal efficiencies of organic materials like biopolymers, fulvic acids, low MW acids for even experiments with the highest filtration velocity (60 m/h) and lowest packing density (105 kg/m3). This pre-treatment has a small foot print as it has the capacity of operating at a very high filtration velocity

Lee, T, Mittal, R, Reichardt, BW, Spalek, R & Szegedy, M 2010, 'Quantum query complexity of state conversion', Proc. 52nd IEEE Symp. on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS), 2011, pages 344-353, pp. 344-353.
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State conversion generalizes query complexity to the problem of convertingbetween two input-dependent quantum states by making queries to the input. Wecharacterize the complexity of this problem by introducing a naturalinformation-theoretic norm that extends the Schur product operator norm. Thecomplexity of converting between two systems of states is given by the distancebetween them, as measured by this norm. In the special case of function evaluation, the norm is closely related tothe general adversary bound, a semi-definite program that lower-bounds thenumber of input queries needed by a quantum algorithm to evaluate a function.We thus obtain that the general adversary bound characterizes the quantum querycomplexity of any function whatsoever. This generalizes and simplifies theproof of the same result in the case of boolean input and output. Also in thecase of function evaluation, we show that our norm satisfies a remarkablecomposition property, implying that the quantum query complexity of thecomposition of two functions is at most the product of the query complexitiesof the functions, up to a constant. Finally, our result implies that discreteand continuous-time query models are equivalent in the bounded-error setting,even for the general state-conversion problem.

Lei, G, Li, Y & Shao, K 2010, 'Sequential sampling technique for fast optimizing the design of electromagnetic devices', Huazhong Keji Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexue Ban)/Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), vol. 38, no. 1.
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A fast design method based on sequential sampling technique is presented for optimizing design engineering electromagnetic devices. Compared with traditional sampling techniques, the proposed technique can reduce the design spaces by the space reduction method. Sequential sampling method has a definite sampling purpose and it can avoid the unnecessary waste of purposeless sampling. Subsequently, the example was investigated. The comparison of the results show that the computation cost of finite element analysis can be saved obviously with this technique. Moreover, it can optimize the design problem directly and improve the fitting accuracy of approximate model. In summary, the proposed method is superior in many respects to direct optimization method and the former sequential optimization method.

Lei, G, Yang, GY, Shao, KR, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Lavers, JD 2010, 'Electromagnetic Device Design Based on RBF Models and Two New Sequential Optimization Strategies', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 46, no. 8, pp. 3181-3184.
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We present two new strategies for sequential optimization method (SOM) to deal with the optimization design problems of electromagnetic devices. One is a new space reduction strategy; the other is model selection strategy. Meanwhile, radial basis function (RBF) and compactly supported RBF models are investigated to extend the applied model types for SOM. Thereafter, Monte Carlo method is employed to demonstrate the efficiency and superiority of the new space reduction strategy. Five commonly used approximate models are considered for the discussion of model selection strategy. Furthermore, by two TEAM benchmark examples, we can see that SOM with the proposed new strategies and models can significantly speed the optimization design process, and the efficiency of SOM depends a little on the types of approximate models.

Lemke, C & Gabrys, B 2010, 'Meta-learning for time series forecasting and forecast combination', Neurocomputing, vol. 73, no. 10-12, pp. 2006-2016.
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Leveaux, RR 2010, 'Facilitating Referee's Decision Making in Sport via the Application of Technology', Communications of the IBIMA, vol. 545333, pp. 1-8.
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The aim of this study was to examine the current uses of technologies to assist referee decision making processes in professional and Olympic sports, to provide the platform for the facilitation of correct decisions. Through discussion groups and interviews, five major sports in Australia were examined. All participants in the study had all officiated from the grassroots level to the elite level, where at the latter level, had experience in the use of the relevant technologies adopted by their sport. The findings present that, in the majority of the examined sports, differing degrees of technology is being applied to aid the decision making process. When used the technology does provide the mechanism to facilitate in ensuring the correctness of the decision. The success of the introduction of the decision support technology is dependent on its usability, appropriate application and acceptance by the officials and the participants of the match. Via the diligent use and application of appropriate technologies, they can be used as an effective aid to refereeing. Illegal tactics and play were commonplace prior to the introduction of the use of technology to assist the referee. These areas, however, have been dramatically reduced and to a certain extent eliminated. Subsequently these introduced technologies have been a major contributor to the provision of a fairer platform for competition and led to improved player performance. The findings provide a basis for further studies and possible trials with technologies to assist the referee in providing fair competition and to improve the quality of referees decision making.

Li, F, Li, G, Sun, G, Luo, Z & Zhang, Z 2010, 'Multi-disciplinary optimization for multi-objective uncertainty design of thin walled beams', CMC: Computers Materials & Continua, vol. 508, no. 1, pp. 37-56.
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The focus of this paper is concentrated on multi-disciplinary and multi-objective optimization for thin walled beam systems considering safety, normal mode, static loading-bearing and weight, in which the uncertainties of the parameters are described via intervals. The size and shape of the cross-section are treated as design parameters during optimization. Considering the lightweight and safety, the design problem is formulated with two individual objectives to measure structural weight and maximum energy absorption, respectively, constrained by the average force, normal mode and maximum stress. The optimization problem with uncertainties is further transformed into a deterministic optimization based on interval number programming. The approximation models, coupled with the design of experiment (DOE) technique, are employed to construct objective functions and constraints. The uncertain optimization problem characterized with these approximation models is performed and applied to a practical thin walled beam design problems.

Li, L & Petersen, IR 2010, 'A Gramian-Based Approach to Model Reduction for Uncertain Systems', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 508-514.
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The technical note considers a problem of model reduction for a class of uncertain systems with structured norm bounded uncertainty. The technical note introduces controllability and observability Gramians in terms of certain parameterized algebraic Riccati inequalities. Based on these Gramians, three model reduction approaches are investigated for the underlying uncertain systems. © 2010 IEEE.

Li, N, Tsang, IW & Zhou, Z-H 2010, 'Efficient Optimization of Performance Measures by Classifier Adaptation', IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 2013, no. 6, pp. 35-1382.
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In practical applications, machine learning algorithms are often needed tolearn classifiers that optimize domain specific performance measures.Previously, the research has focused on learning the needed classifier inisolation, yet learning nonlinear classifier for nonlinear and nonsmoothperformance measures is still hard. In this paper, rather than learning theneeded classifier by optimizing specific performance measure directly, wecircumvent this problem by proposing a novel two-step approach called as CAPO,namely to first train nonlinear auxiliary classifiers with existing learningmethods, and then to adapt auxiliary classifiers for specific performancemeasures. In the first step, auxiliary classifiers can be obtained efficientlyby taking off-the-shelf learning algorithms. For the second step, we show thatthe classifier adaptation problem can be reduced to a quadratic programproblem, which is similar to linear SVMperf and can be efficiently solved. Byexploiting nonlinear auxiliary classifiers, CAPO can generate nonlinearclassifier which optimizes a large variety of performance measures includingall the performance measure based on the contingency table and AUC, whilstkeeping high computational efficiency. Empirical studies show that CAPO iseffective and of high computational efficiency, and even it is more efficientthan linear SVMperf.

Li, X, Zhang, X, Han, X & Sheng, DC 2010, 'An iterative pressure‐stabilized fractional step algorithm in saturated soil dynamics', International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, vol. 34, no. 7, pp. 733-753.
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AbstractThis paper presents an iterative, incremental pressure‐stabilized fractional step algorithm for coupled hydro‐mechanical problems with mixed formulations of the displacement–pressure (u–p) model in saturated soil dynamics that allows the use of finite elements with equal low order of interpolation approximation of u and p. In comparison with the original fractional step algorithm, the distinct features of the proposed algorithm lie in its enhanced stability owing to the introduction of both an iteration procedure and a finite increment calculus (FIC) process into the algorithm. The introduction of the iterative procedure makes the velocity term satisfy the momentum conservation equation in an implicit sense and allows much larger time step sizes to be used than those limited in existing explicit and semi‐implicit versions of the algorithm. The introduction of the FIC process removes the dependence of the stability of the proposed algorithm on the time step size, as a result it allows to using the incremental version of the algorithm and evades the minimum time step size requirement presented in the existing versions of the fractional step algorithm that restricts the application of the algorithm to saturated soil dynamics problems with high frequencies.Numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and improved performance of the proposed iterative pressure‐stabilized fractional step algorithm. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Li, Y, Duan, R & Ying, M 2010, 'Local unambiguous discrimination with remaining entanglement', PHYSICAL REVIEW A, vol. 82, no. 3, pp. 1-6.
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A bipartite state, which is secretly chosen from a finite set of known entangled pure states, cannot immediately be useful in standard quantum information processing tasks. To effectively make use of the entanglement contained in this unknown state, we i

Li, Y, Li, J & Samali, B 2010, '1A24 Dynamic Performance of A Novel Magnetorheological Pin Joint', The Proceedings of the Symposium on the Motion and Vibration Control, vol. 2010, no. 0, pp. _1A24-1_-_1A24-8_.
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Magnetorheological fluid (MRF) has received significant attention lately and MRF based devices have been proposed for structural control applications in recent years. The unique characteristics of MR fluid lies in its abilities to reversibly, repeatedly and instantly change from a free flowing liquid to a semi-solid state when exposed to a magnetic field. The electric power required to drive the MR devices can be easily provided by a battery. Possessing such unique properties, MR fluid based devices, such as MR damper, have become promising candidates in the semi-active control for civil structure applications. However, most of the published research has focused on application of MR dampers instead of exploring other type of MR devices. In addition, MR based devices exhibit complex nonlinear hysteresis behaviour and thus making their modelling a challenging task. In this paper, a novel MR fluid based device, namely MR pin joint, is proposed as smart structural members in development of an intelligent civil structure that can suppress unwanted vibrations to ensure safety and serviceability of the structure. After design and fabrication, experiments have been conducted to characterise dynamic behaviours of the new device under different harmonic excitations with various input currents. Test data shows that the MR pin joint possesses a unique behaviour in the moment-angular velocity plot. A hyperbolic hysteresis model is proposed to model such unique behaviour. The investigation presented in the paper explores dynamic performance of MR pin joint. Finally, a parametric model is developed following the investigation on the correlation of coefficients in the proposed model with the loading conditions and applied currents.

Li, Y, Li, J & Samali, B 2010, '1A24 Dynamic Performance of A Novel Magnetorheological Pin Joint', The Proceedings of the Symposium on the Motion and Vibration Control, vol. 2010, no. 0.
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Li, Y, Zhu, J, Yang, Q, Lin, ZW, Guo, Y & Wang, Y 2010, 'Measurement of Soft Magnetic Composite Material Using an Improved 3-D Tester With Flexible Excitation Coils and Novel Sensing Coils', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 1971-1974.
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In this paper, accurate measurement of three dimensional (3-D) magnetic properties of soft magnetic composite (SMC) material is carried out by using an improved 3-D tester with adjustable excitation coils and novel sensing coils attached upon the surface

Li, Z & Li, J 2010, 'Geometrically centered region: A “wet” model of protein binding hot spots not excluding water molecules', Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics, vol. 78, no. 16, pp. 3304-3316.
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AbstractA protein interface can be as “wet” as a protein surface in terms of the number of immobilized water molecules. This important water information has not been explicitly taken by computational methods to model and identify protein binding hot spots, overlooking the water role in forming interface hydrogen bonds and in filing cavities. Hot spot residues are usually clustered at the core of the protein binding interfaces. However, traditional machine learning methods often identify the hot spot residues individually, breaking the cooperativity of the energetic contribution. Our idea in this work is to explore the role of immobilized water and meanwhile to capture two essential properties of hot spots: the compactness in contact and the far distance from bulk solvent. Our model is named geometrically centered region (GCR). The detection of GCRs is based on novel tripartite graphs, and atom burial levels which are a concept more intuitive than SASA. Applying to a data set containing 355 mutations, we achieved an F measure of 0.6414 when ΔΔG ≥ 1.0 kcal/mol was used to define hot spots. This performance is better than Robetta, a benchmark method in the field. We found that all but only one of the GCRs contain water to a certain degree, and most of the outstanding hot spot residues have water‐mediated contacts. If the water is excluded, the burial level values are poorly related to the ΔΔG, and the model loses its performance remarkably. We also presented a definition for the O‐ring of a GCR as the set of immediate neighbors of the residues in the GCR. Comparative analysis between the O‐rings and GCRs reveals that the newly defined O‐ring is indeed energetically less important than the GCR hot spot, confirming a long‐standing hypothesis. Proteins 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Liao, L-D, Li, M-L, Lai, H-Y, Shih, Y-YI, Lo, Y-C, Tsang, S, Chao, PC-P, Lin, C-T, Jaw, F-S & Chen, Y-Y 2010, 'Imaging brain hemodynamic changes during rat forepaw electrical stimulation using functional photoacoustic microscopy', NeuroImage, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 562-570.
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Lin Gui, Wenfeng Ma, Bo Liu, Jingkan Lu & Peixin Shen 2010, 'Single Frequency Network System Coverage and Trial Testing of High Speed Railway Television System', IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 160-170.
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Lin, AT-H, Lee, JE-Y, Yan, J & Seshia, AA 2010, 'Methods for enhanced electrical transduction and characterization of micromechanical resonators', Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, vol. 158, no. 2, pp. 263-272.
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Lin, C-T & Huang, Y-M 2010, 'IEEE CIS DLP Tour in Taiwan [Society Briefs', IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine, vol. 5, no. 4.
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Taiwan hosted an international workshop from January 31 to February 6, 2010, to promote the technical activities of IEEE CIS DLP (IEEE Computational Intelligence Society Distinguished Lecturer Program). This included technical talks on 'Anomaly Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks with Visual Clustering' by Jim Bezdek and 'Recognition Technology in Eldercare' by Jim Keller. The first presentation on Fuzzy Systems was held at National Chiao Tung University in Hsinchu. The second stop was the Brain Research Center at National Chiao-Tung University where Jim Bezdek and Jim Keller visited Chin-Teng Lin's laboratory and conversed with his students. Next, Jim Bezdek and Jim Keller visited the Eco-City at National Chiao-Tung University. The fourth location was National Cheng Kung University in Tainan.

Lin, C-T, Chang, C-J, Lin, B-S, Hung, S-H, Chao, C-F & Wang, I-J 2010, 'A Real-Time Wireless Brain–Computer Interface System for Drowsiness Detection', IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 214-222.
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Lin, C-T, Huang, K-C, Chao, C-F, Chen, J-A, Chiu, T-W, Ko, L-W & Jung, T-P 2010, 'Tonic and phasic EEG and behavioral changes induced by arousing feedback', NeuroImage, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 633-642.
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Lin, C-T, Ko, L-W, Chang, M-H, Duann, J-R, Chen, J-Y, Su, T-P & Jung, T-P 2010, 'Review of Wireless and Wearable Electroencephalogram Systems and Brain-Computer Interfaces – A Mini-Review', Gerontology, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 112-119.
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Biomedical signal monitoring systems have rapidly advanced in recent years, propelled by significant advances in electronic and information technologies. Brain-computer interface (BCI) is one of the important research branches and has become a hot topic in the study of neural engineering, rehabilitation, and brain science. Traditionally, most BCI systems use bulky, wired laboratory-oriented sensing equipments to measure brain activity under well-controlled conditions within a confined space. Using bulky sensing equipments not only is uncomfortable and inconvenient for users, but also impedes their ability to perform routine tasks in daily operational environments. Furthermore, owing to large data volumes, signal processing of BCI systems is often performed off-line using high-end personal computers, hindering the applications of BCI in real-world environments. To be practical for routine use by unconstrained, freely-moving users, BCI systems must be noninvasive, nonintrusive, lightweight and capable of online signal processing. This work reviews recent online BCI systems, focusing especially on wearable, wireless and real-time systems.

Lin, C-T, Shen, T-K & Shou, Y-W 2010, 'Construction of Fisheye Lens Inverse Perspective Mapping Model and Its Applications of Obstacle Detection', EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, vol. 2010, no. 1.
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Lin, C-T, Siana, L, Shou, Y-W & Shen, T-K 2010, 'A Conditional Entropy-Based Independent Component Analysis for Applications in Human Detection and Tracking', EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, vol. 2010, no. 1.
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Lin, C-T, Siana, L, Shou, Y-W & Yang, C-T 2010, 'Multiclient Identification System Using Adaptive Probabilistic Model', EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, vol. 2010, no. 1.
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Lin, C-T, Yang, C-T, Shou, Y-W & Shen, T-K 2010, 'An Efficient and Robust Moving Shadow Removal Algorithm and Its Applications in ITS', EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, vol. 2010, no. 1.
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Lin, C-TF 2010, 'EEG-based Brain-computer Interface for Smart Living Environment Auto-adjustment', Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 237-237.
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Lin, C-Y, Wang, L, Than, K, Marca, FL & Park, P 2010, 'Cancer stem cell markers: what is their diagnostic value?', Expert Opinion on Medical Diagnostics, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 473-481.
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Lin, J, Luo, Z & Tong, L 2010, 'A new multi-objective programming scheme for topology optimization of compliant mechanisms', Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, vol. 40, no. 1-6, pp. 241-255.
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This paper presents an alternative method in implementing multi-objective optimization of compliant mechanisms in the field of continuum-type topology optimization. The method is designated as "SIMP-PP" and it achieves multi-objective topology optimization by merging what is already a mature topology optimization method-solid isotropic material with penalization (SIMP) with a variation of the robust multi-objective optimization method-physical programming (PP). By taking advantages of both sides, the combination causes minimal variation in computation algorithm and numerical scheme, yet yields improvements in the multi-objective handling capability of topology optimization. The SIMP-PP multi-objective scheme is introduced into the systematic design of compliant mechanisms. The final optimization problem is formulated mathematically using the aggregate objective function which is derived from the original individual design objectives with PP, subjected to the specified constraints. A sequential convex programming method, the method of moving asymptotes (MMA) is then utilized to process the optimization evolvement based on the design sensitivity analysis. The main findings in this study include distinct advantages of the SIMP-PP method in various aspects such as computation efficiency, adaptability in convex and non-convex multi-criteria environment, and flexibility in problem formulation. Observations are made regarding its performance and the effect of multi-objective optimization on the final topologies. In general, the proposed SIMP-PP method is an appealing multi-objective topology optimization scheme suitable for "real world" problems, and it bridges the gap between standard topological design and multi-criteria optimization. The feasibility of the proposed topology optimization method is exhibited by benchmark examples.

Lin, J, Luo, Z & Tong, L 2010, 'Design of Adaptive Cores of Sandwich Structures Using a Compliant Unit Cell Approach and Topology Optimization', Journal of Mechanical Design, vol. 132, no. 8, pp. 1-8.
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This paper presents a new method in designing the core layer of adaptive sandwich structures. The proposed design formulation treats the core layer as a compliant unit cell network while the unit cell network is synthesized by repeatedly linked identical compliant unit cells. Each unit cell is designed to possess shape adaptive functions independently and through the accumulation of the number of cells within the network, the global adaptive functions are accumulated also. Therefore, the network is capable of achieving large scale shape adaptations of complex profile with high fidelity. Topology optimization is used to design the compliant unit cell. Depending on the problem formulation, topology optimization can perform the simultaneous design of both the host material and the actuation material in the defined environment. This research includes a numerical case study to illustrate the technical aspects of this design philosophy. This is followed by the rapid prototyping of two scaled models and experimental validation.

Lin, W, Huang, B, Fu, Q, Wang, G & Huang, J 2010, 'Investigation of nitroxide radical coupling reaction in wide temperature range and different catalyst system', Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, vol. 48, no. 14, pp. 2991-2999.
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AbstractThe effect of temperature, catalyst system, and the structure of bromine connected groups on the nitroxide radical coupling (NRC) reaction is investigated in details. A series of polymers with different bromine connected groups as poly (tert‐butyl acrylate) (PtBA‐Br), polystyrene (PS‐Br), and poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA‐Br) are prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization first, then the bromine‐containing polymers were coupled with 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyl‐1‐oxy‐containing poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL‐TEMPO) in different catalyst systems as CuBr/PMDETA, Cu0/PMDETA and CuBr/Cu0/PMDETA in the temperature range from 90 °C to 25 °C. The result shows that the catalyst system of CuBr/Cu0/PMDETA is the best one for NRC reaction, in which the NRC reaction could be conducted in high efficiency in the wide temperature range from room temperature to high temperature. The efficiency of NRC reaction between PtBA‐Br and PCL‐TEMPO is more than 85% in the temperature range from 25 to 75 °C, the efficiency between PS‐Br and PCL‐TEMPO is more than 90% from 25 to 90 °C, and the efficiency between PMMA‐Br and PCL‐TEMPO is more than 90% only at the room temperature. The effect of bromine connected groups on the NRC reaction is discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 2991–2999, 2010

Lin, W-J, Huang, T-Y, Ko, L-W, Lin, C-T, Hung, DL & Chang, EC 2010, 'The contributions of global and local object landmarks in Human Wayfinding behavior', Journal of Vision, vol. 9, no. 8, pp. 1132-1132.
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Lin, Y, Zheng, Z, Hu, S-S, Xu, J-P, Lü, F, Wang, W, Song, Y-H, Sun, H-S, Yuan, X & Pan, X-B 2010, '[Value of estimated glomerular filtration rate and serum creatinine for predicting long-term survival in Chinese patients after isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery].', Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 99-102.
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OBJECTIVE: To compare the predictive value of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimated by the Cockcroft-Gault formula or the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) equation and serum creatinine for in-hospital and long-term mortality post coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). METHODS: Clinical data of 5559 consecutive patients undergoing isolated CABG were retrospectively analyzed. The main outcomes were in-hospital mortality and long-term mortality. Estimated GFR was calculated by the Cockcroft-Gault formula and MDRD equation respectively. Receiver-operating characteristic curves and Cox's analysis were used for the comparison. RESULTS: Follow-up was complete in 5485 patients (97.6%). Analysis of receiver-operating characteristic curves showed that GFR estimated by the Cockcroft-Gault formula had a maximal accuracy for predicting in-hospital mortality (area under the curve: 0.755, P < 0.01). Multivariate logistic analysis and the Cox's analysis results indicated estimated GFR < 60 mlxmin(-1)x1.73 m(-2) base on the Cockcroft-Gault formula was an independent risk factor for in-hospital and long-term mortality (hazard ratio 4.51 for in-hospital mortality, P < 0.01; hazard ratio 1.54 for long-term mortality, P < 0.01), both Cockcroft-Gault formula and MDRD equation were superior to serum creatinine for predicting in-hospital and long-term mortality post CABG. CONCLUSION: GFR estimated by the Cockcroft-Gault formula was superior to GFR estimated by the MDRD equation for predicting in-hospital mortality, and estimated GFR was superior to serum creatinine for predicting in-hospital and long-term mortality.

Lin, ZW, Li, YJ, Zhu, JG, Guo, Y & Wang, XL 2010, 'Magnetic flux penetration in polycrystalline SmFeO0.75F0.2As', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 107, no. 9, pp. 09E114-09E114.
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The recently discovered Fe–As superconducting materials which show high potential ability to carry current due to their low anisotropy have attracted a great number of attentions to understand their superconductivity mechanism and explore their applications. This paper presents a method to synthesis SmFeO0.75F0.20As polycrystalline by hot press in detail. The magnetization at different temperatures and applied fields obtained by a superconducting quantum interference device are also discussed. In addition, the local magnetization process is presented by magneto-optical imaging technique at the conditions of zero-field-cooling and field-cooling. It is found that the collective magnetization process of the newly discovered Fe–As superconductors is very similar to that of high-Tc cuprates. For instance, the Fe–As superconductors and high-Tc cuprates have the same magnetization features due to strong pining and intergrain weak link. The global supercurrent is significantly lower than local grain supercurrent due to the weak line between the grains.

Lin, ZW, Zhu, J, Guo, Y, Li, Y, Wang, S, Zhang, YB, Xu, KX & Cai, CB 2010, 'Magneto-optical visualization of vortices penetration into Ba(Fe1.8Co0.2)As2', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 107, no. 9, pp. 09E155-09E155.
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Vortices penetration into oxygen-free superconducting compounds FeAs-122 system is of interest in understanding superconductivity. This work studies the vortices motion in Ba(Fe1.8Co0.2)As2 single crystal by means of magneto-optical imaging technique in zero field cooled and field cooled conditions. The captured magneto-optical images and corresponding flux profiles show that, at zero field cooled condition, vortices penetrate into the crystal from the edges as external magnetic field increases. A vortices-free region is observed at the center of sample as applied field is less than full penetration field. In field cooled condition, the introduced vortices leave the sample at the edges as field decreases and polarization of the vortices at the edges are opposite as decreasing field approaches to zero. The pinning strength decreases with increasing temperature. The observed vortex behavior is very similar to that in high Tc superconducting materials with strong pinning strength.

Lindblom, A, Bhadri, V, Söderhäll, S, Öhrmalm, L, Wong, M, Norbeck, O, Lindau, C, Rotzén-Östlund, M, Allander, T, Catchpoole, D, Dalla-Pozza, L, Broliden, K & Tolfvenstam, T 2010, 'Respiratory viruses, a common microbiological finding in neutropenic children with fever', Journal of Clinical Virology, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 234-237.
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Background: Febrile neutropenia is a common complication in children undergoing chemotherapy for malignancies. A microbial agent is only identified in 15-30% of the fever episodes and corresponds mostly to bacterial findings. Objective: To investigate viral infections as possible etiologic agents in episodes of febrile neutropenia. Study design: Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) from patients presenting with neutropenic fever at two pediatric oncology wards in Sweden and Australia were analyzed with a conventional virus-diagnostic approach and RT-PCR. Coupled blood samples were analyzed for the detection of CMV, EBV, adenovirus and erythrovirus. Bacterial blood culture was performed routinely. Results: Conventional virus-diagnostic approach coupled to routinely performed bacterial analyzes revealed an infectious agent in 29% compared to 60% when using PCR. By adding PCR, a viral pathogen was detected in 46% of the NPAs and in 4% of the blood samples collected. In half of the patients with bacteremia, respiratory tract viruses were co-detected. Conclusion: Respiratory viruses were frequently detected in NPAs suggesting a significant role of viral infections in children presenting with neutropenic fever. The meaning of these findings needs to be further evaluated but has the potential to individualize infection treatment and to reduce the extensive use of antibiotics in immunocompromised children with neutropenia. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Ling, SH 2010, 'A New Neural Network Structure: Node-to-Node-Link Neural Network.', J. Intell. Learn. Syst. Appl., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1-11.
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This paper presents a new neural network structure and namely node-to-node-link neural network (N-N-LNN) and it is trained by real-coded genetic algorithm (RCGA) with average-bound crossover and wavelet mutation [1]. The N-N-LNN exhibits a node-to-node relationship in the hidden layer and the network parameters are variable. These characteristics make the network adaptive to the changes of the input environment, enabling it to tackle different input sets distributed in a large domain. Each input data set is effectively handled by a corresponding set of network parame-ters. The set of parameters is governed by other nodes. Thanks to these features, the proposed network exhibits better learning and generalization abilities. Industrial application of the proposed network to hand-written graffiti recognition will be presented to illustrate the merits of the network.

Lingam, HK, Chen, X, Yisgedu, T, Huang, Z, Zhao, J-C & Shore, SG 2010, 'Redetermination of di-μ-hydrido-hexahydridotetrakis(tetrahydrofuran)dialuminium(III)magnesium(II)', Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online, vol. 66, no. 5, pp. m575-m575.
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Lister, R 2010, 'COMPUTING EDUCATION RESEARCHGeek genes and bimodal grades', ACM Inroads, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 16-17.
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This is a regular invited column I write for this journal.

Lister, R 2010, 'COMPUTING EDUCATION RESEARCHTeaching the super profs to fish', ACM Inroads, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 16-17.
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This is a regular invited column I write for this journal.

Lister, R 2010, 'CS EDUCATION RESEARCHThe naughties in CSEd research', ACM Inroads, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 22-24.
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This is a regular invited column I write for this journal.

Lister, R 2010, 'CS Research', ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 13-14.
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This is a regular invited column I write for this journal.

Lister, R 2010, 'The closing of the CSEd mind', ACM Inroads, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 17-18.
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This is a regular invited column I write for this journal.

Lister, R, Clear, T, Simon, Bouvier, DJ, Carter, P, Eckerdal, A, Jacková, J, Lopez, M, McCartney, R, Robbins, P, Seppälä, O & Thompson, E 2010, 'Naturally occurring data as research instrument', ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 156-173.
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In New Zealand and Australia, the BRACElet project has been investigating students' acquisition of programming skills in introductory programming courses. The project has explored students' skills in basic syntax, tracing code, understanding code, and writing code, seeking to establish the relationships between these skills. This ITiCSE working group report presents the most recent step in the BRACElet project, which includes replication of earlier analysis using a far broader pool of naturally occurring data, refinement of the SOLO taxonomy in code-explaining questions, extension of the taxonomy to code-writing questions, extension of some earlier studies on students' 'doodling' while answering exam questions, and exploration of a further theoretical basis for work that until now has been primarily empirical.

Little, H & Eager, D 2010, 'Risk, challenge and safety: implications for play quality and playground design', European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 497-513.
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In many countries playground design is driven more by safety than developmental benefits. As risk minimisation strategies become more stringent, many researchers and practitioners are questioning whether young children are able to take sufficient risks in play in order for their play experiences to be interesting and developmentally challenging. This study examined the outdoor play choices and risk-taking behaviour of 38 children (25 boys, 13 girls) aged between 48 and 64 months from Sydney, Australia. Semi-structured interviews examined children's play preferences and playground equipment usage. Observations of play explored engagement in risk-taking behaviour. Selection of equipment indicated a strong preference for challenge and excitement. However, the dominant observed play behaviours involved little risk suggesting equipment at these parks provided few opportunities to practice mastery of skills already in their behavioural repertoire, learning new skills or building on current capabilities. The findings have implications for play provision and playground design. © 2010 EECERA.

Liu, Q & Li, J 2010, 'Propensity vectors of low‐ASA residue pairs in the distinction of protein interactions', Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics, vol. 78, no. 3, pp. 589-602.
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AbstractWe introduce low‐ASA residue pairs as classification features for distinguishing the different types of protein interactions. A low‐ASA residue pair is defined as two contact residues each from one chain that have a small solvent accessible surface area (ASA). This notion of residue pairs is novel as it first combines residue pairs with the O‐ring theory, an influential proposition stating that the binding hot spots at the interface are often surrounded by a ring of energetically less important residues. As binding hot spots lie in the core of the stability for protein interactions, we believe that low‐ASA residue pairs can sharpen the distinction of protein interactions. The main part of our feature vector is 210‐dimensional, consisting of all possible low‐ASA residue pairs; the value of every feature is determined by a propensity measure. Our classification method is called OringPV, which uses propensity vectors of protein interactions for support vector machine. OringPV is tested on three benchmark datasets for a variety of classification tasks such as the distinction between crystal packing and biological interactions, the distinction between two different types of biological interactions, etc. The evaluation frameworks include within‐dataset, cross‐dataset comparison, and leave‐one‐out cross‐validation. The results show that low‐ASA residue pairs and the propensity vector description of protein interactions are truly strong in the distinction. In particular, many cross‐dataset generalization capability tests have achieved excellent recalls and overall accuracies, much outperforming existing benchmark methods. Proteins 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Liu, Q, Xiao, JZ & Li, WG 2010, 'Axial tensile test and lattice model simulation on recycled concrete', Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), vol. 42, no. SUPPL. 1, pp. 119-124.
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The mechanical parameters of each phase of recycled concrete such as the old hardened mortar, new hardened mortar, and interfacial transition zone (ITZ) were obtained by axial tension tests, and the failure mechanism of recycled concrete under axial tensile loading was studied. Based on the relevant knowledge of solid mechanics and mechanical properties of each phase of recycled concrete, a new meso-level lattice model of recycled concrete was proposed. According to the material parameters of each phase of recycled concrete, lattice model simulation on the failure mechanisms of the recycled concrete under axial tension was carried out by the lattice model, the axial tensile stress-strain relationship curves for recycled concrete were attained, and the internal damage process and tensile failure mechanism of recycled concrete were discussed. The results showed that the tensile fracture occurred approximately in the old or new hardened mortar, and the results of lattice model simulation were consistent with those of axial tensile tests.

Liu, RP, Sutton, GJ & Collings, IB 2010, 'A New Queueing Model for QoS Analysis of IEEE 802.11 DCF with Finite Buffer and Load', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 9, no. 8, pp. 2664-2675.
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Liu, W & Li, S 2010, 'Reasoning about Cardinal Directions between Extended Objects: The Hardness Result', Artificial Intelligence Journal, vol. 175, no. 18, pp. 2155-2169.
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The cardinal direction calculus (CDC) proposed by Goyal and Egenhofer is avery expressive qualitative calculus for directional information of extendedobjects. Early work has shown that consistency checking of complete networks ofbasic CDC constraints is tractable while reasoning with the CDC in general isNP-hard. This paper shows, however, if allowing some constraints unspecified,then consistency checking of possibly incomplete networks of basic CDCconstraints is already intractable. This draws a sharp boundary between thetractable and intractable subclasses of the CDC. The result is achieved by areduction from the well-known 3-SAT problem.

Liu, W, Zhang, X, Li, S & Ying, M 2010, 'Reasoning about cardinal directions between extended objects', ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, vol. 174, no. 12-13, pp. 951-983.
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Direction relations between extended spatial objects are important commonsense knowledge. Recently, Goyal and Egenhofer proposed a relation model, known as the cardinal direction calculus (CDC), for representing direction relations between connected plane regions. The CDC is perhaps the most expressive qualitative calculus for directional information, and has attracted increasing interest from areas such as artificial intelligence, geographical information science, and image retrieval. Given a network of CDC constraints, the consistency problem is deciding if the network is realizable by connected regions in the real plane. This paper provides a cubic algorithm for checking the consistency of complete networks of basic CDC constraints, and proves that reasoning with the CDC is in general an NP-complete problem. For a consistent complete network of basic CDC constraints, our algorithm returns a âcanonicalâ solution in cubic time. This cubic algorithm is also adapted to check the consistency of complete networks of basic cardinal constraints between possibly disconnected regions.

Longbing Cao, Yanchang Zhao, Huaifeng Zhang, Dan Luo, Chengqi Zhang & Park, EK 2010, 'Flexible Frameworks for Actionable Knowledge Discovery', IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, vol. 22, no. 9, pp. 1299-1312.
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Most data mining algorithms and tools stop at the mining and delivery of patterns satisfying expected technical interestingness. There are often many patterns mined but business people either are not interested in them or do not know what follow-up actio

Lu, C, Chen, J & Duan, R 2010, 'Optimal Perfect Distinguishability between Unitaries and Quantum Operations'.
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We study optimal perfect distinguishability between a unitary and a generalquantum operation. In 2-dimensional case we provide a simple sufficient andnecessary condition for sequential perfect distinguishability and an analyticalformula of optimal query time. We extend the sequential condition to generald-dimensional case. Meanwhile, we provide an upper bound and a lower bound foroptimal sequential query time. In the process a new iterative method is given,the most notable innovation of which is its independence to auxiliary systemsor entanglement. Following the idea, we further obtain an upper bound and alower bound of (entanglement-assisted) q-maximal fidelities between a unitaryand a quantum operation. Thus by the recursion in [1] an upper bound and alower bound for optimal general perfect discrimination are achieved. Finallyour lower bound result can be extended to the case of arbitrary two quantumoperations.

Lu, H, Sriyanyong, P, Song, YH & Dillon, T 2010, 'Experimental study of a new hybrid PSO with mutation for economic dispatch with non-smooth cost function', International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 32, no. 9, pp. 921-935.
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Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a population-based evolutionary technique. Advancements in the PSO development over the last decade have made it one of the most promising optimization algorithms for a wide range of complex engineering optimization problems which traditional derivative-based optimization techniques cannot handle. The most attractive features of PSO are its algorithmic simplicity and fast convergence. However, PSO tends to suffer from premature convergence when applied to strongly multi-modal optimization problems. This paper proposes a method of incorporating a real-valued mutation (RVM) operator into the PSO algorithms, aimed at enhancing global search capability. Three variants of PSO algorithms are considered. The resultant hybrid PSO-RVM algorithms are experimentally investigated along with the PSO variants and an existing PSO with Gaussian mutation using six typical benchmark functions. It is interesting to see that the effectiveness of RVM varies for different PSO variants as well as different kinds of functions. It has been found that one of the hybrid algorithms, CBPSO-RVM, which is an integration of the PSO with the constriction factor and inertia weight (CBPSO) and the RVM operator, exhibits significantly better performance in most of the test cases compared to the other algorithms under consideration. Furthermore, this algorithm is superior to most of the existing algorithms used in this study when applied to two practical ED problems with non-smooth cost function considering the multiple fuel type and/or valve-point loading effects.

Lu, J, Chin, KL, Yao, J, Xu, J & Xiao, J 2010, 'Cross-cultural education: Learning methodology and behaviour analysis for asian students in IT field of australian universities', Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series, vol. 103, pp. 117-125.
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Australian tertiary education of information technology (IT) has attracted a large number of international students, particularly from Asia. Cultural factors have affected the quality of learning of international students and the teaching approaches adopted by Australian lecturers. Therefore, cross-cultural teaching and learning situations have become an important issue in Australian universities. This study intends to improve the understanding of Asian students' cultural backgrounds, their previous learning approaches and theirperspectives on Australian culture and educational mode, with the objective of helping international students from different cultural backgrounds to overcome the difficulties of cross-cultural study. This study has completed a questionnaire survey of 1026 students, including 292 Information Technology (28.5%) students from five universities in Australia. Among these IT students, there are 100 (34.25%) local students and 192 (65.75%) international students from 39 other countries. The questionnaire contains 55 questions within six question sections and one information section. This paper presents comparison-based data analysis results of this survey on learning methodology and behaviours of Asian students in IT field of Australian universities. It particularly reveals the main difference for students between the universities in their home countries and in Australia, also the difficulties of these students during their study in Australian university through qualitative analysis on open questions of the survey. This paper also reports the research methodology and main findings in cross-culture teaching and learning generated from this study. This work was fully supported by Australian Learning and Teaching Council (CG7-494). © 2010, Australian Computer Society, Inc.

Lu, J, Ruan, D & Zhang, G 2010, 'A special issue on Intelligent Decision Support and Warning Systems', KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 1-2.
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Lu, J, Shambour, Q, Xu, Y, Lin, Q & Zhang, G 2010, 'BizSeeker A hybrid semantic recommendation system for personalized government-to-business e-services', INTERNET RESEARCH, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 342-365.
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Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to develop a hybrid semantic recommendation system to provide personalized government to business (G2B) e-services, in particular, business partner recommendation e-services for Australian small to medium enterprises (SMEs). Design/methodology/approach - The study first proposes a product semantic relevance model. It then develops a hybrid semantic recommendation approach which combines item-based collaborative filtering (CF) similarity and item-based semantic similarity techniques. This hybrid approach is implemented into an intelligent business-partner-locator recommendation-system prototype called BizSeeker. Findings - The hybrid semantic recommendation approach can help overcome the limitations of existing recommendation techniques. The recommendation system prototype, BizSeeker, can recommend relevant business partners to individual business users (e.g. exporters), which therefore will reduce the time, cost and risk of businesses involved in entering local and international markets. Practical implications - The study would be of great value in e-government personalization research. It would facilitate the transformation of the current G2B e-services into a new stage wherein the e-government agencies offer personalized e-services to business users. The study would help government policy decision-makers to increase the adoption of e-government services. Originality/value - Providing personalized e-services by e-government can be seen as an evolution of the intentions-based approach and will be one of the next directions of government e-services. This paper develops a new recommender approach and systems to improve personalization of government e-services.

Lu, J, Wang, C, Zhang, G & Ma, J 2010, 'Collaborative management of web ontology data with flexible access control', EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 3737-3746.
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The creation and management of ontology data on web sites (e.g. instance data that is used to annotate web pages) is important technical support for the growth of the semantic web. This study identifies some key issues for web ontology data management and describes an ontology data management system, called robinet, to perform the management. This paper presents the structure of the system and introduces a Web ontology data management model that enables a flexible access control mechanism. This model adds rules into the robinet system to utilize the semantics of ontology for controlling the access to ontology data. The implementation of the rule-based access control mechanism and related testing are also discussed

Luo, Q & Tong, L 2010, 'Multi-physics field models of photostrictive unimorphs and heterogeneous bimorphs subjected to light illumination and mechanical loading', International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol. 47, no. 16, pp. 2006-2016.
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Luo, Z, Gao, W & Song, C 2010, 'Design of Multi-phase Piezoelectric Actuators', Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, vol. 21, no. 8, pp. 1851-1865.
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A new multi-objective topology optimization method is proposed in this study for systematic design of multi-phase piezoelectric actuators. The actuator under consideration is composed of a compliant host structure equipped with piezoelectric elements, where the host structure serves as a compliant amplifier to enlarge the small stroke output generated by the actuation force of piezoelectric materials. In the context of optimal design of smart actuators, however, most up-to-date approaches are either to optimize only the host passive structure with pre-determined piezoelectric stacks or to optimize the piezoelectric actuator with pre-known structure, both of which restricts the overall performance of multi-material actuators. To capture the inherent multi-criteria characteristic of compliant actuators, this study proposes a new multi-objective topology optimization formulation to consider both the structural stiffness and mechanical flexibility of the actuation system via the physical programming. A SIMP-based interpolation scheme is applied to describe practical material properties of any points in the orthotropic design domain. The design problem of the actuator is thus transformed to a numerical process of distributing multiple materials iteratively in the design domain until both the host structure and piezoelectric material elements are optimized. Two typical numerical examples are applied to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method in the design of in-plane actuation devices

Ma, J, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2010, 'Decider: A fuzzy multi-criteria group decision support system', KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 23-31.
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Multi-criteria group decision making (MCGDM) aims to support preference-based decision over the available alternatives that are characterized by multiple criteria in a group. To increase the level of overall satisfaction for the final decision across the group and deal with uncertainty in decision process, a fuzzy MCGDM process (FMP) model is established in this study. This FMP model can also aggregate both subjective and objective information under multi-level hierarchies of criteria and evaluators. Based on the FMP model, a fuzzy MCGDM decision support system (called Decider) is developed, which can handle information expressed in linguistic terms, boolean values, as well as numeric values to assess and rank a set of alternatives within a group of decision makers. Real applications indicate that the presented FMP model and the Decider software are able to effectively handle fuzziness in both subjective and objective information and support group decision-making under multi-level criteria with a higher level of satisfaction by decision makers. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Ma, J, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2010, 'Team situation awareness measure using semantic utility functions for supporting dynamic decision-making', SOFT COMPUTING, vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 1305-1316.
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Team decision-making is a remarkable feature in a complex dynamic decision environment, which can be supported by team situation awareness. In this paper, a team situation awareness measure (TSAM) method using a semantic utility function is proposed. The semantic utility function is used to clarify the semantics of qualitative information expressed in linguistic terms. The individual and team situation awareness are treated as linguistic possibility distributions on the potential decisions in a dynamic decision environment. In the TSAM method, team situation awareness is generated through reasoning and aggregating individual situation awareness based on a multi-level hierarchy mental model of the team. Individual and team mental models are composed of key drivers and significant variables. An illustrative example in telecoms customer churn prediction is given to explain the effectiveness and the main steps of the TSAM method. © 2009 Springer-Verlag.

Ma, J, Zhang, G & Lu, J 2010, 'A state-based knowledge representation approach for information logical inconsistency detection in warning systems', KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 125-131.
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Detecting logical inconsistency in collected information is a vital function when deploying a knowledge-based warning system to monitor a specific application domain for the reason that logical inconsistency is often hidden from seemingly consistent information and may lead to unexpected results. Existing logical inconsistency detection methods usually focus on information stored in a knowledge base by using a well-defined general purpose knowledge representation approach, and therefore cannot fulfill the demands of a domain-specific situation. This paper first proposes a state-based knowledge representation approach, in which domain-specific knowledge is expressed by combinations of the relevant objects' states. Based on this approach, a method for information logical inconsistency detection (ILID) is developed which can flexibly handle the demands of various domain-specific situations through reducing part of restrictions in existing methods. Finally, two real-case based examples are presented to illustrate the ILID method and its advantages. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Ma, M, Huang, X & Guo, Y 2010, 'An interference self-cancellation technique for SC-FDMA systems', IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 512-514.
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A new interference self-cancellation (ISC) method for Single Carrier-FDMA (SC-FDMA) systems is proposed to mitigate the inter-user interference caused by frequency offset or Doppler effect. By transmitting a compensation symbol at the first symbol location in each resource block, the energy leakage can be significantly suppressed. With little bandwidth and power sacrifice, the proposed method can greatly improve the system robustness against frequency offset. Simulation results show that the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) can be improved by 7 dB on average for the entire system band, and up to 11.7 dB for an individual user. © 2010 IEEE.

MacDougall, C, McGregor, C & Percival, J 2010, 'The fusion of clinical guidelines with technology: Trends & challenges', Electronic Journal of Health Informatics, vol. 5, no. 2.
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The use of Health Information Technology (HIT) within the healthcare setting can be a great resource to contribute to improved patient care. Clinical guidelines are developed to aid in the decision making process of healthcare professionals and contain the leading edge of best patient practice. There is an abundance of evidence presenting the benefits that HIT contain; however, its use is rarely incorporated in today's clinical guidelines. Although, research suggests that the benefits of HIT are enough to integrate their use in clinical guidelines, there are a number of challenges that interfere with its implementation, such as, cultural diversity, interdisciplinary nature, lack of HIT knowledge for workers, evolution of technology, heavy clinical workload and lack of medical background in developers of HIT. The purpose of this research project is to present a literature review to further understand the trends and challenges of implementing HIT use within clinical guidelines. A modelling system, PaJMa is also introduced to visually depict a patient's journey and the methods of documentation. PaJMa can aid in discovering gaps in healthcare documentation and closing those gaps through HIT use within clinical guidelines. Further research revealed that there are models and approaches supporting the process and creation of clinical guidelines but none of these enable the inclusion of what technology will be used to support the implementation of these procedures. The research project concludes with ideas for future research in the area of clinical guideline development and HIT implementation. © of articles is retained by authors.

Mahlia, TMI & Iqbal, A 2010, 'Cost benefits analysis and emission reductions of optimum thickness and air gaps for selected insulation materials for building walls in Maldives', Energy, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 2242-2250.
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Mahlia, TMI & Saidur, R 2010, 'A review on test procedure, energy efficiency standards and energy labels for room air conditioners and refrigerator–freezers', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 1888-1900.
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Mahlia, TMI & Yanti, PAA 2010, 'Cost efficiency analysis and emission reduction by implementation of energy efficiency standards for electric motors', Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 365-374.
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Mahlia, TMI, Hor, CG, Masjuki, HH, Husnawan, M, Varman, M & Mekhilef, S 2010, 'CLOTHES DRYING FROM ROOM AIR CONDITIONING WASTE HEAT: THERMODYNAMICS INVESTIGATION', ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, vol. 35, no. 1B, pp. 339-351.

Mahlia, TMI, Hor, CG, Masjuki, HH, Husnawan, M, Varman, M & Mekhilef, S 2010, 'Clothes drying from room air conditioning waste heat: Thermodynamics investigation', Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 339-351.
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This paper discusses an experimental study for using heat wasted from a split-type room air conditioner for clothes drying. The study compares the effectiveness of this drying system to a conventional one in terms of duration required to dry the clothes and energy consumption. The objectives of the study are to analyze performance of a room air-conditioner as clothes dryer and to evaluate the effectiveness of its heat waste for a drying system. The experiment is conducted for three drying conditions, namely, outdoor natural drying at midday, indoor natural drying, and drying using air-conditioner waste heat. The study found that using room air-conditioner waste heat for clothes drying is very reliable, especially in congested high-rise residential areas, without additional electricity cost. © 2008 by King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM).

Mahlia, TMI, Saidur, R, Husnawan, M, Masjuki, HH & Kalam, MA 2010, 'An approach to estimate the life-cycle cost of energy efficiency improvement of room air conditioners', Energy Education Science and Technology Part A: Energy Science and Research, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 1-11.
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This paper presents an approach to calculate life-cycle cost analysis of energy efficiency improvement of room air conditioners. The least efficient model from a survey in the market is selected for sample calculation. The method includes the selection of a set of design options that increase efficiency, life cycle cost (LCC) analysis and payback period. LCC is analyzed as a function of seven design options and five variables, namely discount rate, fuel price, appliance lifetime, incremental cost and potential efficiency improvement. The study found that, certain level of efficiency improvement can be achieved, if manufacturers willing to adopt more efficient design options with a little additional investment for the product. Furthermore, the method can be used for other appliances without any major modification.

Mahlia, TMI, Saidur, R, Memon, LA, Zulkifli, NWM & Masjuki, HH 2010, 'A review on fuel economy standard for motor vehicles with the implementation possibilities in Malaysia', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 14, no. 9, pp. 3092-3099.
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Mahmud, AR, Biswajeet, P, Hadipour, M & Kadar, HA 2010, 'Mathematical modeling of urban air quality: An urban transportation modeling case study in Petaling Jaya, Malaysia', Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 14-21.
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This paper provides the findings on a project . undertaken to develop a geo-spatial mathematical model relating land-use, road type and air quality. The model shows how spatial elements and issues were quantified to accurately represent the usual and unusual urban environment in the development of residential land-use. The mathematical relationship was based on the optimum distance between residential area and urban transportation network. The spatial data (urban land-use and urban network development) were generated using satellite images, aerial photos and land use maps. Geospatial analyses were performed to find the effect and impact of urban air quality with respect to urban transportation networks. The output of the study would assist the task to reduce negative transport environmental impacts particularism the field of air pollution. It would also be useful in identifying the potential residential area with respect to urban transportation network towards ' achieving sustainable development.

Manoharan, V, Yunusa, IAM, Loganathan, P, Lawrie, R, Murray, BR, Skilbeck, CG & Eamus, D 2010, 'Boron contents and solubility in Australian fly ashes and its uptake by canola (Brassica napus L.) from the ash-amended soils', AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL RESEARCH, vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 480-487.
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Phytotoxicity due to excessive boron (B) uptake by plants impedes routine agronomic utilisation of coal fly ash. We assessed 11 fly ashes (pH 3.1410.77) having total B content (Bt) of 12136mg/kg, of which 2030% was hot water soluble (Bs) in the acidic ashes (pH 5) and 510% in the alkaline ashes, for their potential to supply B to plants and their risk associated with phytotoxicity. We found the Bs/Bt to be negatively correlated (R2≤0.63, N≤11) with ash pH. We conducted two pot trials in which canola was grown in soils amended with fly ash. In the first trial, an alkaline fly ash (Bt 66mg/kg) was incorporated at 5 rates of up to 625Mg/ha into the top 50mm of 2 acidic soils in 0.30-m-long intact cores, and sown with canola. Boron concentration in leaves at flowering reached the phytotoxic threshold, and both plant growth and seed yield were reduced, only at 625Mg/ha. In the second trial, 4 fly ashes (pH 3.2910.77, Bt 12127mg/kg) were incorporated at 4 rates of up to 108Mg/ha into the top 0.10m of 2 acidic soils in 1.0-m-long intact cores and then sown with canola. Ashes with highest Bt, when applied at 108Mg/ha, increased B concentration in the topsoil only. Of the 2 ashes with the highest B t, only that which produced low soil pH and applied at 108Mg/ha increased B concentration in the shoot, but was still below phytotoxic threshold. The results suggest that B derived from these ashes may not cause phytotoxicity and excessive soil B accumulation if the ashes are applied at modest rates (36Mg/ha) to the topsoil layers. © 2010 CSIRO.

Manoharan, V, Yunusa, IAM, Loganathan, P, Lawrie, R, Skilbeck, G, Burchett, MD, Murray, BR & Eamus, D 2010, 'Assessments of Class F fly ashes for amelioration of soil acidity and their influence on growth and uptake of Mo and Se by canola', FUEL, vol. 89, no. 11, pp. 3498-3504.
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Coal fly ash can be used to ameliorate productivity constraints in agricultural soils, but their efficacy still remains highly variable. To ascertain the capacity of Class F fly ashes to modify pH of acidic soils, and their effects on the yield and uptake of molybdenum (Mo) and selenium (Se) by canola (Brassica napus L.), we applied two acidic and two alkaline Class F ashes at rates equivalent to 0, 12, 36, and 108 Mg/ha to the top layer (0-10 cm) of 100 cm long intact cores of acidic sandy clay and clay loam soils. Only the alkaline ash which had the highest calcium carbonate equivalent (2.43%) increased the pH of the top 10 cm of the sandy clay soil. However, this ash was also highly saline and when applied at ≥36 Mg/ha it increased the electrical conductivity in the top soil layer. Increases in soil pH as a result of alkaline ash addition also elevated concentrations of Se in the plant shoot. The ashes with high concentrations of Mo and Se generally increased uptake of these elements in the plant shoot and/or seed. When these ashes were applied at 108 Mg/ha they increased the concentrations of these elements in the treated topsoil. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Mariam, T & Nghiem, LD 2010, 'Landfill leachate treatment using hybrid coagulation-nanofiltration processes', Desalination, vol. 250, no. 2, pp. 677-681.
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Marjanovic, O 2010, 'The Importance of Process Thinking in Business Intelligence', International Journal of Business Intelligence Research (IJBIR), vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 29-46.
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The growing field of Operational Business Intelligence (BI) has resulted in increasing interest in BI-supported Business Processes (BPs), including their management and ongoing improvement. This has led BI practitioners to consider another field–Business Process Management (BPM)–that is closely related to business performance management. However, current approaches to the BPM and operational BI integration have been limited and reduced to the problem of technical integration of BPM and BI systems. This paper argues that by adopting process- thinking in BI, further opportunities for business value creation could be discovered through systematic analysis of the non-technical aspects of BI and BPM integration, including strategy alignment, human-centered knowledge management, and ongoing improvement of BI supported processes. The authors propose a theoretical framework founded in the related research in BPM, BI, and Knowledge Management (KM) fields, describing the ways it has been used to guide ongoing empirical research in diverse case organizations across different industry sectors.

Maskaoui, K & Zhou, JL 2010, 'Colloids as a sink for certain pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment', Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 898-907.
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Background, aim, and scope: The occurrence and fate of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment is recognized as one of the emerging issues in environmental chemistry and as a matter of public concern. Existing data tend to focus on the concentrations of pharmaceuticals in the aqueous phase, with limited studies on their concentrations in particulate phase such as sediments. Furthermore, current water quality monitoring does not differentiate between soluble and colloidal phases in water samples, hindering our understanding of the bioavailability and bioaccumulation of pharmaceuticals in aquatic organisms. In this study, an investigation was conducted into the concentrations and phase association (soluble, colloidal, suspended particulate matter or SPM) of selected pharmaceuticals (propranolol, sulfamethoxazole, meberverine, thioridazine, carbamazepine, tamoxifen, indomethacine, diclofenac, and meclofenamic acid) in river water, effluents from sewage treatment works (STW), and groundwater in the UK. Materials and methods: The occurrence and phase association of selected pharmaceuticals propranolol, sulfamethoxazole, meberverine, thioridazine, carbamazepine, tamoxifen, indomethacine, diclofenac, and meclofenamic acid in contrasting aquatic environments (river, sewage effluent, and groundwater) were studied. Colloids were isolated by cross-flow ultrafiltration (CFUF). Water samples were extracted by solid-phase extraction (SPE), while SPM was extracted by microwave. All sample extracts were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in the multiple reaction monitoring. Results and discussion: Five compounds propranolol, sulfamethoxazole, carbamazepine, indomethacine, and diclofenac were detected in all samples, with carbamazepine showing the highest concentrations in all phases. The highest concentrations of these compounds were detected in STW effluents, confirming STW as a key source of these compounds in the aquatic environ...

Mathieson, L 2010, 'The parameterized complexity of editing graphs for bounded degeneracy', Theoretical Computer Science, vol. 411, no. 34-36, pp. 3181-3187.
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Mazandarani, A, Mahlia, TMI, Chong, WT & Moghavvemi, M 2010, 'A review on the pattern of electricity generation and emission in Iran from 1967 to 2008', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 1814-1829.
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McGloin, D & Reid, JP 2010, 'Forty Years of Optical Manipulation', Optics and Photonics News, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 20-20.
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The advancements in the optical technologies that enable researchers to make significant developments in the field of physics and biology have been discussed. One of the researchers, Arthur Ashkin, has demonstrated trapping using two counter-propagating beams and using a single beam that was obtained by propagating a beam vertically and using gravity to balance the radiation pressure force. The optical tweezers system has been introduced that uses a laser source passed through two telescope systems, the first to expand the beam to slightly overfill the back aperture of the microscope objective and the second to make the beam at the microscope conjugate with the beam on a steering mirror. The two multibeam techniques that are widely used includes scanning and holographic. The scanning techniques involve a beam that is scanned very rapidly across the particles of interest. The holographic techniques involve an input Gaussian beam, which has its phase modulated into that of target intensity at the focal plane of the microscope objective.

McGregor, C & Eklund, JM 2010, 'Next generation remote critical care through service-oriented architectures: challenges and opportunities', Service Oriented Computing and Applications, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 33-43.
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Health care providers and governments are under pressure to maintain and improve the quality of care to an increasing volume of critical care patients at either end of the life cycle, namely premature and ill term babies together with the elderly. The provision of a service of critical care utilizing real time service-oriented architectures has the potential to enable clinicians to be supported in the care of a greater number patients that are, perhaps more importantly, located elsewhere to their intensive care units. This paper presents a review of recent research in the application of computing and IT to support the service of critical care and determines the trends and challenges for the application of real time service-oriented architectures within the domain. It then presents some case study-based research on the design of a service-oriented architecture-based approach to support two aspects of critical care namely elderly care and neonatal intensive care to provide further context to trends and opportunities. © 2010 Springer-Verlag London Limited.

Mellor, D, Prieto, E, Mathieson, L & Moscato, P 2010, 'A Kernelisation Approach for Multiple d-Hitting Set and Its Application in Optimal Multi-Drug Therapeutic Combinations', PLoS ONE, vol. 5, no. 10, pp. e13055-e13055.
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Therapies consisting of a combination of agents are an attractive proposition, especially in the context of diseases such as cancer, which can manifest with a variety of tumor types in a single case. However uncovering usable drug combinations is expensive both financially and temporally. By employing computational methods to identify candidate combinations with a greater likelihood of success we can avoid these problems, even when the amount of data is prohibitively large. HITTING SET is a combinatorial problem that has useful application across many fields, however as it is NP-complete it is traditionally considered hard to solve exactly. We introduce a more general version of the problem (α,β,d)-HITTING SET, which allows more precise control over how and what the hitting set targets. Employing the framework of Parameterized Complexity we show that despite being NP-complete, the ((α,β,d)-HITTING SET problem is fixed-parameter tractable with a kernel of size O(αdkd) when we parameterize by the size k of the hitting set and the maximum number a of the minimum number of hits, and taking the maximum degree d of the target sets as a constant. We demonstrate the application of this problem to multiple drug selection for cancer therapy, showing the flexibility of the problem in tailoring such drug sets. The fixed-parameter tractability result indicates that for low values of the parameters the problem can be solved quickly using exact methods. We also demonstrate that the problem is indeed practical, with computation times on the order of 5 seconds, as compared to previous Hitting Set applications using the same dataset which exhibited times on the order of 1 day, even with relatively relaxed notions for what constitutes a low value for the parameters. Furthermore the existence of a kernelization for ((α,β,d)-HITTING SET indicates that the problem is readily scalable to large datasets. © 2010 Mellor et al.

Meng, X, Wang, S, Qiu, J, Zhu, JG & Guo, Y 2010, 'Cogging torque reduction of Bldc motor using level set based topology optimization incorporating with triangular finite element', International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 33, no. 3-4, pp. 1069-1076.
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Cogging torque in permanentmagnet brushless DC (BLDC) motor causes torque and speed ripples, as well as acoustic noise and vibration, especially in low speed and direct drive applications. In this paper, the stator core shape is optimized by using a level set based topology optimization to reduce cogging torque. The level set method can represent the precise boundary shape of structure and also deal with complex topology changes during the optimization process. Different from the conventional rectangular meshes, the level set technique based triangular finite element meshes are presented in this paper to deal with irregular domains. The comparison of cogging torque calculated before and after topology optimization verifies the advantages of the level set topology optimization based on triangular meshes.

Meng, X, Wang, S, Qiu, J, Zhu, JG, Wang, Y, Guo, Y, Liu, D & Xu, W 2010, 'Dynamic Multilevel Optimization of Machine Design and Control Parameters Based on Correlation Analysis', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 46, no. 8, pp. 2779-2782.
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In this paper, a multilevel optimization method is proposed for a motor drive system including a surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine (SPMSM), the converter/inverter, and the control schemes. First, the multilevel optimization is described by using the problem matrix which may be used to allocate the design variables on different levels. The parameters in the problem matrix are deduced by using correlation analysis. Second, the architecture and implementation of multilevel genetic algorithm (MLGA) are carried out. As one of the advantages of MLGA, the dynamic adjustment strategy of GA operators is utilized to improve the optimal performance. The algorithm is then applied to a three-level optimization problem in which the optimization of SPMSM design and the control parameters of drive are considered in different levels. Finally, some results and discussions about the application of the proposed algorithm are presented. © 2006 IEEE.

Merigó Lindahl, JM & Casanovas Ramón, M 2010, 'The generalized hybrid averaging operator and its application in decision making', Revista de Metodos Cuantitativos para la Economia y la Empresa, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 69-84.
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We present the generalized hybrid averaging (GHA) operator. It is a new aggregation operator that generalizes the hybrid averaging (HA) operator by using the generalized mean. Thus, we are able to generalize a wide range of mean operators such as the HA, the hybrid geometric averaging (HGA), the hybrid quadratic averaging (HQA), the generalized ordered weighted averaging (GOWA) operator and the weighted generalized mean (WGM). A key feature in this aggregation operator is that it is able to deal with the weighted average and the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator in the same formulation. We further generalize the GHA by using quasi-arithmetic means obtaining the quasi-arithmetic hybrid averaging (Quasi-HA) operator. We conclude the paper with an example of the new approach in a financial decision making problem.

Merigó, JM 2010, 'Fuzzy decision making with immediate probabilities', Computers & Industrial Engineering, vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 651-657.
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Merigo, JM & Casanovas, M 2010, 'Induced and heavy aggregation operators with distance measures', Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 431-439.
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Merigó, JM & Casanovas, M 2010, 'Decision making with distance measures and linguistic aggregation 0operators', International Journal of Fuzzy Systems, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 190-198.
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We present a new decision making model with distance measures by using linguistic aggregation operators. We introduce a new aggregation operator called the linguistic ordered weighted averaging distance (LOWAD) operator. This aggregation operator provides a parameterized family of blinguistic aggregation operators that includes the maximum distance, the minimum distance, the linguistic normalized Hamming distance and the linguistic weighted Hamming distance, among others. We study some of its main properties and different families of LOWAD operators such as the median-LOWAD, the Olympic-LOWAD, the S-LOWAD and the centered-LOWAD. We also develop an application of the new approach in a decision making problem concerning human resource management. © 2010 TFSA.

Merigó, JM & Casanovas, M 2010, 'Fuzzy generalized hybrid aggregation operators and its application in fuzzy decision making', International Journal of Fuzzy Systems, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 15-24.
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The hybrid averaging (HA) is an aggregation operator that uses the weighted average (WA) and the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator in the same formulation. In this paper, we introduce several generalizations of the HA operator by using generalized and quasi-arithmetic means, fuzzy numbers and order inducing variables in the reordering step of the aggregation process. We present the fuzzy generalized hybrid averaging (FGHA) operator, the fuzzy induced generalized hybrid averaging (FIGHA) operator, the Quasi-FHA operator and the Quasi-FIHA operator. The main advantage of these operators is that they generalize a wide range of fuzzy aggregation operators that can be used in a wide range of applications such as decision making problems. For example, we could mention the fuzzy induced hybrid averaging (FIHA), the fuzzy weighted generalized mean (FWGM) and the fuzzy induced generalized OWA (FIGOWA). We end the paper with an application of the new approach in a decision making problem. © 2010 TFSA.

Merigó, JM & Casanovas, M 2010, 'THE FUZZY GENERALIZED OWA OPERATOR AND ITS APPLICATION IN STRATEGIC DECISION MAKING', Cybernetics and Systems, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 359-370.
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Merigó, JM & Gil-Lafuente, AM 2010, 'New decision-making techniques and their application in the selection of financial products', Information Sciences, vol. 180, no. 11, pp. 2085-2094.
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MERIGÓ, JM, CASANOVAS, M & MARTÍNEZ, L 2010, 'LINGUISTIC AGGREGATION OPERATORS FOR LINGUISTIC DECISION MAKING BASED ON THE DEMPSTER-SHAFER THEORY OF EVIDENCE', International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems, vol. 18, no. 03, pp. 287-304.
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In this paper, we develop a new approach for decision making with Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence by using linguistic information. We suggest the use of different types of linguistic aggregation operators in the model. We then obtain as a result, the belief structure — linguistic ordered weighted averaging (BS-LOWA), the BS — linguistic hybrid averaging (BS-LHA) and a wide range of particular cases. Some of their main properties are studied. Finally, we provide an illustrative example that shows the different results obtained by using different types of linguistic aggregation operators in the new approach.

Merigó, JM, Gil Lafuente, AM & Barcellos, L 2010, 'UNCERTAIN INDUCED GENERALIZED AGGREGATION OPERATORS AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE THEORY OF EXPERTONS', FUZZY ECONOMIC REVIEW, vol. 15, no. 02, pp. 25-42.
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We present a new approach that unifies the induced generalized ordered weighted averaging (IGOWA) operator with the weighted average (WA) when the available information is uncertain and can be assessed with interval numbers. We call it the uncertain induced generalized ordered weighted averaging - weighted averaging (UIGOWAWA) operator. The main advantage of this approach is that it unifies the IOWA and the WA taking into account the degree of importance of each case in the formulation and considering that the information is given with interval numbers. We also study different properties of the UIGOWAWA operator and different particular cases. We also analyze the applicability of the new approach and we see that it is possible to develop a wide range of applications because all the previous studies that use the WA can be revised and extended with this new approach. We focus on an application in decision making with the theory of expertons. Thus, we are able to assess group decision making problems in a more complete way.

Milton, J & Kennedy, PJ 2010, 'Static and Dynamic Selection Thresholds Governing the Accumulation of Information in Genetic Algorithms Using Ranked Populations', EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 229-254.
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Mutation applied indiscriminately across a population has, on average, a detrimental effect on the accumulation of solution alleles within the population and is usually beneficial only when targeted at individuals with few solution alleles. Many common selection techniques can delete individuals with more solution alleles than are easily recovered by mutation. The paper identifies static and dynamic selection thresholds governing accumulation of information in a genetic algorithm (GA). When individuals are ranked by fitness, there exists a dynamic threshold defined by the solution density of surviving individuals and a lower static threshold defined by the solution density of the information source used for mutation. Replacing individuals ranked below the static threshold with randomly generated individuals avoids the need for mutation while maintaining diversity in the population with a consequent improvement in population fitness. By replacing individuals ranked between the thresholds with randomly selected individuals from above the dynamic threshold, population fitness improves dramatically. We model the dynamic behavior of GAs using these thresholds and demonstrate their effectiveness by simulation and benchmark problems.

Monk, CE, Hutvagner, G & Arthur, JSC 2010, 'Regulation of miRNA Transcription in Macrophages in Response to Candida albicans', PLoS ONE, vol. 5, no. 10, pp. e13669-e13669.
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Macrophages detect pathogens via pattern recognition receptors (PRRS), which trigger several intracellular signaling cascades including the MAPK and NFKB pathways. These in turn mediate the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines that are essential to combat the pathogen. However as the over-production of pro-inflammatory cytokines results in tissue damage or septic shock, precise control of these signaling pathways is essential and achieved via the induction of multiple negative feedback mechanisms. MIRNAS are small regulatory RNAS that are able to affect protein expression, via the regulation of either mRNA stability or translation. Up-regulation of specific MIRNAS could have the potential to modulate PRR signaling, as has been shown for both miR-146 and miR-155. Here we have analysed which MIRNAS are up-regulated in mouse macrophages in response to the fungal pathogen heat killed Candida albicans and compared the profile to that obtained with the TLR4 ligand LPS. We found that in addition to miR-146 and miR-155, both Candida albicans and LPS were also able to up-regulate miR-455 and miR-125a. Analysis of the signaling pathways required showed that NFKB was necessary for the transcription of all 4 pri-MIRNAS, while the ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathways were also required for pri-miR-125a transcription. In addition the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was found to be able to induce miR-146a and b, but inhibited miR-155 induction. These results suggest that miR-455, miR-125, miR-146 and miR-155 may play important roles in regulating macrophage function following PRR stimulation. © 2010 Monk et al.

Morik, K, Deuse, J, Faber, V & Bohnen, F 2010, 'Data Mining in Sensordaten verketteter Prozesse', Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, vol. 105, no. 1-2, pp. 106-110.
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Kurzfassung Das Prinzip der autonomen Automation wird als Methode der Lean Production zur Kostensenkung durch Vermeidung von Ausschuss und Nacharbeit genutzt. Während in Arbeitssystemen geringer Komplexität integrierte automatische Qualitätsprüfungen bereits erfolgreich zum Einsatz kommen, ist eine Übertragung auf komplexe, verkettete Arbeitssysteme derzeit nicht vollständig umsetzbar. In diesem Beitrag wird am Beispiel eines Walzprozesses ein auf maschinellen Lernverfahren basierender Ansatz zur Realisierung der autonomen Automation in komplexen, verketteten Produktionsprozessen vorgestellt. Hierbei werden verschiedene Herausforderungen, welche durch produktionstechnische Restriktionen entstehen, aufgezeigt und die Notwendigkeit von Weiterentwicklungen bestehender Lernverfahren unter der Zielsetzung der Einbindung in die Produktion dargelegt.

Morik, K, Stolpe, M, Deuse, J, Bohnen, F & Reichel, U 2010, 'Forecast model for the determination of product characteristics: Application of data mining procedures in the rolling mill', Stahl und Eisen, vol. 130, no. 10, pp. 80-82.

Morik, K, Stolpe, M, Deuse, J, Bohnen, F & Reichel, U 2010, 'Use of data-mining techniques in the rolling work.', STAHL UND EISEN, vol. 130, no. 10, pp. 80-82.

Mousavi, SM, Alavi, AH, Gandomi, AH, Esmaeili, MA & Gandomi, M 2010, 'A data mining approach to compressive strength of CFRP-confined concrete cylinders', Structural Engineering and Mechanics, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 759-783.
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Mousavi, SM, Gandomi, AH, Alavi, AH & Vesalimahmood, M 2010, 'Modeling of compressive strength of HPC mixes using a combined algorithm of genetic programming and orthogonal least squares', Structural Engineering and Mechanics, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 225-241.
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Munro, WJ, Harrison, KA, Stephens, AM, Devitt, SJ & Nemoto, K 2010, 'From quantum multiplexing to high-performance quantum networking', Nature Photonics, vol. 4, no. 11, pp. 792-796.
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Myles, A, Pietroni, N, Kovacs, D & Zorin, D 2010, 'Feature-aligned T-meshes', ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 1-11.
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High-order and regularly sampled surface representations are more efficient and compact than general meshes and considerably simplify many geometric modeling and processing algorithms. A number of recent algorithms for conversion of arbitrary meshes to regularly sampled form (typically quadrangulation) aim to align the resulting mesh with feature lines of the geometry. While resulting in a substantial improvement in mesh quality, feature alignment makes it difficult to obtain coarse regular patch partitions of the mesh. In this paper, we propose an approach to constructing patch layouts consisting of small numbers of quadrilateral patches while maintaining good feature alignment. To achieve this, we use quadrilateral T-meshes, for which the intersection of two faces may not be the whole edge or vertex, but a part of an edge. T-meshes offer more flexibility for reduction of the number of patches and vertices in a base domain while maintaining alignment with geometric features. At the same time, T-meshes retain many desirable features of quadrangulations, allowing construction of high-order representations, easy packing of regularly sampled geometric data into textures, as well as supporting different types of discretizations for physical simulation.

Na, SH, Shon, HK, Kim, JB, Park, HJ, Cho, DL, El Saliby, I & Kim, J-H 2010, 'Recycling of excess sludge using titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) as a flocculant aid with alkaline-thermal hydrolysis', JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 96-100.
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The highly strengthened treatment and disposal of excess sludge based on economic and environmental regulation factors is one of the important issues to be dealt with in the activated sludge process. In this study, the reduction and recycling technology of excess sludge were investigated for the aim of achieving a zero emission of excess sludge produced from the activated sludge process using titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) as a flocculant aid with alkaline-thermal hydrolysis. Alkaline-thermal hydrolysis of excess sludge was obtained 73% and 40% reduction rate at pH 13 (60 8 °C) and pH 11 (60 8 °C), respectively. Flocculation was carried out using a Ti-salt flocculant and the collected sludge was dewatered and incinerated at 600 °C to produce TiO2 nanoparticles. The amount of total suspended solids and volatile suspended solids was significantly decreased with pH increase. The optimal dose of Ti-salt flocculation aid to improve dewatering ability of sludge breakage was 23.95 Ti-mg lâ1. Also, in the batch culture, the supernatant after flocculation and the organic matter released from the lysed sludge were found to be useful as a source of energy for the growth of microorganisms during the aerobic operations period. TiO2 produced from Ti-salt flocculation of excess sludge (TES) was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray and photocatalytic activity.

Nasser, A, Clément, A, Laurens, S & Castel, A 2010, 'Influence of steel–concrete interface condition on galvanic corrosion currents in carbonated concrete', Corrosion Science, vol. 52, no. 9, pp. 2878-2890.
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Netherton, MD & Stewart, MG 2010, 'Blast Load Variability and Accuracy of Blast Load Prediction Models', International Journal of Protective Structures, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 543-570.
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A statistical analysis of explosive blast loading field (test) data has revealed a high level of variability of peak reflected pressure, impulse and time of positive phase duration for repeatable tests where variability would be expected to be a minimum. The model error (accuracy) of a widely used predictive blast load model is also assessed. A probabilistic model of blast loading is then developed that considers variability and/or uncertainty of explosive mass, net equivalent quantity of an explosive in terms of TNT mass, stand-off distance, air temperature, air pressure, inherent variability and model error. Two widely used explosives are considered: Tritonal (military) and ANFO (terrorism). This type of statistical and probabilistic analysis is essential for structural reliability analysis of structures subject to explosive blast loading where load variability is an important contributor to damage and safety risks. It was found that the TM5–1300 design values for peak reflected pressure and time of positive phase duration adequately represent median values of the probability distribution of blast loads. The TM5–1300 design values for peak reflected impulse were 40% higher than median values with probabilities of exceedance of only 4% to 23%. This over-estimation of actual blast loads on a structure may lead to conservative design outcomes.

Nghiem, LD 2010, 'Influence of feed water chemistry on the removal of ionisable and neutral trace organics by a loose nanofiltration membrane', Membrane Water Treatment, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 93-101.
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Nghiem, LD, Coleman, PJ & Espendiller, C 2010, 'Mechanisms underlying the effects of membrane fouling on the nanofiltration of trace organic contaminants', Desalination, vol. 250, no. 2, pp. 682-687.
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Ngo, H 2010, 'Visible light responsive ruthenium-doped titanium dioxide for the removal of metsulfuron-methyl herbcide in aqueous phase', Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 75, pp. 415-419.

Nguyen Tran, Hoang Tuan & Ha Nguyen 2010, 'Superimposed training designs for spatially correlated MIMO-OFDM systems', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 876-880.
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Only one asymptotic training design for a special case of channel correlation was proposed in the literature for spatially correlated multiple-input multiple-output with orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems. To fill this gap, th

Nguyen, HB, Banta, DP, Stewart, G, Kim, T, Bansal, R, Anholm, J, Wittlake, WA & Corbett, SW 2010, 'Cardiac index measurements by transcutaneous Doppler ultrasound and transthoracic echocardiography in adult and pediatric emergency patients', Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 237-247.
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Non-invasive hemodynamic monitoring may facilitate resuscitation in critically ill patients. Validation studies examining a transcutaneous Doppler ultrasound technology, USCOM-1A, using pulmonary artery catheter as the reference standard showed varying results. In this study, we compared non-invasive cardiac index (CI) measurements by USCOM-1A with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Methods. This study was a prospective, observational cohort study at a university tertiary-care emergency department, enrolling a convenience sample of adult and pediatric patients. Paired measures of CI, stroke volume index (SVI), aortic outflow tract diameter (OTD), velocity time integral (VTI) were obtained using USCOM-1A and TTE. Pearson's correlation and Bland-Altman analyses were performed. Results. One-hundred and sixteen subjects were enrolled, with obtainable USCOM-1A CI measurements for 99 subjects (55 adults age 50±20 years and 44 children age 11±4 years) in the final analysis. Cardiac, gastrointestinal and infectious illnesses were the most common presenting diagnostic categories. The reference standard TTE measurements of CI, SVI, OTD, and VTI in all subjects were 3.08±1.18 L/min/m2, 37.10±10.91 mL/m2, 1.92±0.36 cm, and 20.36±4.53 cm, respectively. Intra-operator reliability of USCOM-1A CI measurements showed a correlation coefficient of r = 0.79, with 11±22% difference between repeated measures. The bias and limits of agreement of USCOM-1A compared to TTE CI were 0.58 (-1.48 to 2.63) L/min/m2. The percent difference in CI measurements with USCOM-1A was 31±28% relative to TTE measurements. Conclusions. The USCOM-1A hemodynamic monitoring technology showed poor correlation and agreement to standard transthoracic echocardiography measures of cardiac function. The utility of USCOM-1A in the management of critically ill patients remains to be determined. © Springer 2010.

Nguyen, HB, Loomba, M, Yang, JJ, Jacobsen, G, Shah, K, Otero, RM, Suarez, A, Parekh, H, Jaehne, A & Rivers, EP 2010, 'Early lactate clearance is associated with biomarkers of inflammation, coagulation, apoptosis, organ dysfunction and mortality in severe sepsis and septic shock', Journal of Inflammation, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 6-6.
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Background. Lactate clearance, a surrogate for the magnitude and duration of global tissue hypoxia, is used diagnostically, therapeutically and prognostically. This study examined the association of early lactate clearance with selected inflammatory, coagulation, apoptosis response biomarkers and organ dysfunction scores in severe sepsis and septic shock. Methods. Measurements of serum arterial lactate, biomarkers (interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, high mobility group box-1, D-Dimer and caspase-3), and organ dysfunction scores (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Multiple Organ Dysfunction Score, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) were obtained in conjunction with a prospective, randomized study examining early goal-directed therapy in severe sepsis and septic shock patients presenting to the emergency department (ED). Lactate clearance was defined as the percent change in lactate levels after six hours from a baseline measurement in the ED. Results. Two-hundred and twenty patients, age 65.0 17.1 years, were examined, with an overall lactate clearance of 35.5 43.1% and in-hospital mortality rate of 35.0%. Patients were divided into four quartiles of lactate clearance, -24.3 42.3, 30.1 7.5, 53.4 6.6, and 75.1 7.1%, respectively (p < 0.01). The mean levels of all biomarkers and organ dysfunction scores over 72 hours were significantly lower with higher lactate clearance quartiles (p < 0.01). There was a significant decreased in-hospital, 28-day, and 60-day mortality in the higher lactate clearance quartiles (p < 0.01). Conclusions. Early lactate clearance as a surrogate for the resolution of global tissue hypoxia is significantly associated with decreased levels of biomarkers, improvement in organ dysfunction and outcome in severe sepsis and septic shock. © 2010 Nguyen et al; licensee BioMed Centra...

Nguyen, HB, Oh, J, Otero, RM, Burroughs, K, Wittlake, WA & Corbett, SW 2010, 'Standardization of Severe Sepsis Management: A Survey of Methodologies in Academic and Community Settings', The Journal of Emergency Medicine, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 122-132.
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Background: Evidence-based therapies for severe sepsis include early antibiotics, early goal-directed therapy, corticosteroids, recombinant human activated protein C, glucose control, and lung protective strategies. Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze methods, challenges, and outcomes observed by hospitals that implemented a hospital-wide sepsis management protocol incorporating evidence-based therapies. Methods: In a cross-sectional multi-center telephone survey over a 4-month period, clinicians (participants) responsible for developing a hospital sepsis protocol were questioned regarding its development and outcomes. Results: Participants completing surveys represented 40 hospitals (20 academic and 20 community). Twenty-seven percent of protocol champions were Emergency physicians or nurses. Sixty-three percent reported protocol development time of 6-12 months. Eighty-eight percent of participants reported protocol initiation in the Emergency Department. Three participants reported hiring a nurse educator to implement the protocol. Ninety-five percent of participants measure lactate as part of patient screening. Protocol therapies reported included early antibiotics (98%), early goal directed-therapy (EGDT) (98%), corticosteroids (80%), and activated protein C (73%). Contributions to success included having a protocol champion (85%) and sepsis education program (65%). Twenty-one participants had recorded patient-level data, totaling 2319 protocol patients, compared to 1719 non-protocol patients, with in-hospital mortality of 23% and 44%, respectively. Conclusions: Implementation of a sepsis management protocol incorporating evidence-based therapies can be accomplished in both academic and community hospitals, with minimal additional staffing. The presence of a protocol champion and education program is crucial to success, and may result in improved patient outcome. © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Nguyen, TH, Truong, ATL, Ba Ngo, M, Bui, CTQ, Dinh, QV, Doan, TC, Nguyen, LTK, Phan, TC, Phan, MV, Nguyen, TV & Le, TV 2010, 'Intravenous Thrombolysis', International Journal of Stroke, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 516-516.
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Nguyen, TT, Guo, W, Ngo, HH & Vigneswaran, S 2010, 'A new combined inorganic-organic flocculant (CIOF) as a performance enhancer for aerated submerged membrane bioreactor', SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 204-209.
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In this study, a new combined inorganic-organic flocculant (CIOF) of FeCl3 and membrane performance enhancer (MPE50) was prepared and added to an aerated submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR). The effects of CIOF on the performance of an aerated submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) were evaluated. The results indicated that the SMBR with CIOF addition could remove almost 100% total phosphate while eliminating over 90% ammonia (NH 4-N) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) during an 80-day of operation. The respiration tests revealed that the specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) was stable around 1.5-2.0 mg O2/gMLVSS h. The sludge volume index (SVI) of less than 100 mL/g during the operation showed the importance of CIOF on the improvement of settling properties of the sludge. Soluble carbohydrate concentration was also well correlated with DOC of the supernatant. CIOF was successful in the reduction of fouling of membrane as the membrane was only chemically cleaned after 53 days of operation. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Nguyen, TT, Ngo, HH, Guo, W, Johnston, A & Listowski, A 2010, 'Effects of sponge size and type on the performance of an up-flow sponge bioreactor in primary treated sewage effluent treatment', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 101, no. 5, pp. 1416-1420.
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The effects of polyurethane sponge size and type on the performance of an up-flow sponge bioreactor were studied using different sponge cube sizes (1 × 1 × 1 cm, 2 × 2 × 2 cm and 3 × 3 × 3 cm) and types of sponge (S28-30/45R, S28-30/60R, S28-30/80R and S28-30/90R). The reactors were operated under anaerobic conditions in an early stage and an aerobic condition in a latter stage. The results indicate that there was no significant difference in the organic and nutrient removal rates between sponge types. The medium size sponge (2 × 2 × 2 cm) had the best performance in terms of both biomass growth and pollutants removal. Under anaerobic condition, the COD, TN and TP removal efficiencies were up to 70%, 45% and 55%, respectively, and significantly improved under aerobic conditions (e.g. >90% TOC, 95% COD, 65% TN and 90% TP). The external biomass grew faster under anaerobic conditions while internal biomass was dominant under aerobic condition. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd.

Nguyen, TV, Dalman, C, Le, TC, Nguyen, TV, Tran, NV & Allebeck, P 2010, 'Suicide attempt in a rural area of Vietnam: Incidence, methods used and access to mental health care', International Journal of Mental Health Systems, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 3-3.
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Nguyen, TV, Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, HH & Kandasamy, J 2010, 'Arsenic removal by iron oxide coated sponge: Experimental performance and mathematical models', JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, vol. 182, no. 1-3, pp. 723-729.
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Millions of people worldwide are at risk from the presence of arsenic in groundwater. In this study, adsorption equilibrium and long term experiments were carried out to evaluate the performance of iron oxide coated sponge (IOCSp) in arsenic removal. It was found that maximum adsorption capacity of IOCSp for As(III) and As(V) calculated by Sips isotherm was 4.2 and 4.6. mg/g of IOCSp, respectively. A filter packed with small amount of 25. g IOCSp maintained a consistent arsenic removal efficiency of 95% from synthetic solution containing arsenic concentration of as high as 1000. μg/L. This produced a throughput volume of 153 and 178. L of water containing As(III) and As(V), respectively before any need for regeneration or disposal of IOCSp. IOCSp could be regenerated by washing it with NaOH solution. The dynamic (column) adsorption kinetics were successfully predicted by the Thomas and Nikolaidis modified models. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.

Ni, B & Yu, H 2010, 'Modeling and simulation of the formation and utilization of microbial products in aerobic granular sludge', AIChE Journal, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 546-559.
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AbstractA mathematical model is established to simulate the formation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), soluble microbial products (SMP), and internal storage products (XSTO) in aerobic granular sludge. The sensitivity of these microbial products concentrations toward the key model parameters is analyzed. Independent experiments are conducted to find required parameter values and to test its predictive ability. The model is evaluated by using one‐cycle operating experimental results of a lab‐scale aerobic granule‐based sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and batch experimental results. Results show that the model is able to describe the microbial product dynamics in aerobic granules and provide further insights into a granule‐based SBR. The effect of the initial substrate and biomass concentrations on the formation of microbial products in aerobic granular sludge can therefore be analyzed by model simulation. A higher substrate concentration results in a greater concentration of EPS, SMP, and XSTO. An accumulation of biomass in the bioreactor leads to an increased production rate of EPS, SMP, and XSTO. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010

Ni, B, Rittmann, BE & Yu, H 2010, 'Modeling predation processes in activated sludge', Biotechnology and Bioengineering, vol. 105, no. 6, pp. 1021-1030.
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AbstractPredation by protozoa plays an important role in activated sludge. In this work, the kinetics for protozoan predation of active bacteria (XH), extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and intracellular storage products (XSTO) are added into a previously expanded unified model that describes the dynamics of EPS, XSTO, and soluble microbial products (SMP). The new biomass growth–decay–predation model describes the biomass fractions, soluble organic components, and oxygen‐uptake rates considering EPS, XSTO, and predators during dynamic operating conditions in activated sludge. Model calibration using batch experimental data provides the new parameter values for predation processes and insights into mechanisms involving predators. The calibrated value of the maximum specific growth rate for the predators is much slower than for the bacteria, confirming that predators are relatively slow growers. However, the predators and bacteria have similar decay rates and dissolved oxygen affinities. Model testing with results independent of the calibration data shows two things. First, the model and calibrated parameters accurately simulate the independent results when predators are present. Second, eliminating predation by high salinity significantly lowers the OUR, and this is captured by the model. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;105: 1021–1030. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Ni, B, Xie, W, Liu, S, Yu, H, Gan, Y, Zhou, J & Hao, E 2010, 'Development of a mechanistic model for biological nutrient removal activated sludge systems and application to a full‐scale WWTP', AIChE Journal, vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 1626-1638.
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AbstractIn wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) the production of nitrite as an intermediate in the biological nutrient removal (BNR) process has been widely observed, but not been taken into account by most of the conventional activated sludge models yet. This work aims to develop a mechanistic mathematical model to evaluate the BNR process after resolving such a problem. A mathematical model is developed based on the Activated Sludge Model No.3 (ASM3) and the EAWAG Bio‐P model with an incorporation of the two‐step nitrification–denitrification, the anoxic P uptake, and the associated two‐step denitrification by phosphorus accumulating organisms. The database used for simulations originates from a full‐scale BNR municipal wastewater treatment plant. The influent wastewater composition is characterized using batch tests. Model predictions are compared with the measured concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH‐N, NO‐N, NO‐N, PO‐P, and mixed liquid volatile suspended solids. Simulation results indicate that the calibrated model is capable of predicting the microbial growth, COD removal, nitrification and denitrification, as well as aerobic and anoxic P removal. Thus, this model can be used to evaluate and simulate full‐scale BNR activa...

Ni, B-J & Yu, H-Q 2010, 'Mathematical modeling of aerobic granular sludge: A review', Biotechnology Advances, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 895-909.
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Ni, B-J, Hu, B-L, Fang, F, Xie, W-M, Kartal, B, Liu, X-W, Sheng, G-P, Jetten, M, Zheng, P & Yu, H-Q 2010, 'Microbial and Physicochemical Characteristics of Compact Anaerobic Ammonium-Oxidizing Granules in an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor', Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 76, no. 8, pp. 2652-2656.
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ABSTRACT Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a promising new process to treat high-strength nitrogenous wastewater. Due to the low growth rate of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria, efficient biomass retention is essential for reactor operation. Therefore, we studied the settling ability and community composition of the anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing granules, which were cultivated in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor seeded with aerobic granules. With this seed, the start-up period was less than 160 days at a NH 4 + -N removal efficiency of 94% and a loading rate of 0.064 kg N per kg volatile suspended solids per day. The formed granules were bright red and had a high settling velocity (41 to 79 m h −1 ). Cells and extracellular polymeric substances were evenly distributed over the anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing granules. The high percentage of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in the granules could be visualized by fluorescent in situ hybridization and electron microscopy. The copy numbers of 16S rRNA genes of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in the granules were determined to be 4.6 × 10 8 copies ml −1 . The results of this study could be used for a better design, shorter start-up time, and more stable operation of anammox systems for the treatment of nitrogen-rich wastewaters.

Ni, B-J, Rittmann, BE & Yu, H-Q 2010, 'Evaluation on the impacts of predators on biomass components and oxygen uptake in sequencing batch reactor and continuous systems', Water Research, vol. 44, no. 15, pp. 4616-4622.
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Ni, B-J, Rittmann, BE, Fang, F, Xu, J & Yu, H-Q 2010, 'Long-term formation of microbial products in a sequencing batch reactor', Water Research, vol. 44, no. 13, pp. 3787-3796.
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Ni, B-J, Sheng, G-P, Li, X-Y & Yu, H-Q 2010, 'Quantitative Simulation of the Granulation Process of Activated Sludge for Wastewater Treatment', Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 2864-2873.
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Ni, B-J, Zeng, RJ, Fang, F, Xie, W-M, Sheng, G-P & Yu, H-Q 2010, 'Fractionating soluble microbial products in the activated sludge process', Water Research, vol. 44, no. 7, pp. 2292-2302.
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Niebecker, K, Eager, D & Moulton, B 2010, 'Collaborative and cross‐company project management within the automotive industry using the Balanced Scorecard', International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 328-337.
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PurposeThis paper aims to summarize the scope, methodology, and main findings of a doctoral thesis about cross‐company project management in the automotive industry. The concept of the collaborative project scorecard (CPS) is described and the results of its application to a project are summarized and discussed.Design/methodology/approachThe project adopted an action research approach which included a series of interviews, surveys, workshops, and a case study where the developed project management concept was tested and evaluated in a real project setting.FindingsThe concept of the CPS supports the alignment of project goals with business strategies, improves transparency in networked project organizations with respect to roles, responsibilities, goal achievement, stakeholder identification, and performance assessment. Project goals is not only based on and measured by hard facts but also on soft facts such as trust and employee satisfaction. The balanced choice of common strategic project goals improves the achievement of long‐term strategies in a project partnership.Practical implicationsDifficulties in defining appropriate indicators are identified, and resistance to change can need to be overcome so that every project member has a clear understanding of the concept's benefits. Legal issues (contract) may need to be discussed when the concept is used by a cross‐corporate project team. The method helps the delivery of performance to become more clearly measurable.Originality/valueThe project gives insight...

Okour, Y, Shon, HK, El Saliby, IJ, Naidu, R, Kim, JB & Kim, J-H 2010, 'Preparation and characterisation of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and thiourea-doped titanate nanotubes prepared from wastewater flocculated sludge', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 101, no. 5, pp. 1453-1458.
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In this study, titanium (Ti), ferric (Fe) and aluminum (Al) salt flocculants were compared for their efficiency in treating wastewater collected from Sydney Olympic Park wastewater treatment plant by following the jar test procedure. Produced sludge from Ti-salt flocculation was dried and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were generated after the incineration of sludge produced from the Ti-salt flocculation of wastewater. Later on, titanate nanotubes were synthesized after TiO2 nanoparticles were hydrothermally treated with 10 N NaOH solution at 130 °C for 24 h. Titanate nanotubes were either acid or deionised water-washed, while thiourea-doping was employed to produce visible light-responsive nanotubes. Wastewater flocculation using Ti-salt was found to be as efficient as Fe and Al flocculation in terms of turbidity and DOC removal. XRD results showed that the anatase structure was predominant for TiO2 nanoparticles, while thiourea-doped titanate nanotubes only indicated anatase structure with an increased crystallinity after being crystallized at 600 °C. The photocatalytic activity of all photocatalysts was evaluated using the photooxidation of acetaldehyde. Thiourea-doped nanotubes showed a greater photocatalytic activity than as-prepared TiO2 nanoparticles, deionised water-washed, acid-washed titanate nanotubes and P25 under UV and visible light irradiation.

Oliveira, DAF & Indraratna, B 2010, 'Comparison between Models of Rock Discontinuity Strength and Deformation', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 136, no. 6, pp. 864-874.
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Paisitkriangkrai, S, Shen, C & Zhang, J 2010, 'Incremental Training of a Detector Using Online Sparse Eigen-decomposition', IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 213-226.
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The ability to efficiently and accurately detect objects plays a very crucialrole for many computer vision tasks. Recently, offline object detectors haveshown a tremendous success. However, one major drawback of offline techniquesis that a complete set of training data has to be collected beforehand. Inaddition, once learned, an offline detector can not make use of newly arrivingdata. To alleviate these drawbacks, online learning has been adopted with thefollowing objectives: (1) the technique should be computationally and storageefficient; (2) the updated classifier must maintain its high classificationaccuracy. In this paper, we propose an effective and efficient framework forlearning an adaptive online greedy sparse linear discriminant analysis (GSLDA)model. Unlike many existing online boosting detectors, which usually applyexponential or logistic loss, our online algorithm makes use of LDA's learningcriterion that not only aims to maximize the class-separation criterion butalso incorporates the asymmetrical property of training data distributions. Weprovide a better alternative for online boosting algorithms in the context oftraining a visual object detector. We demonstrate the robustness and efficiencyof our methods on handwriting digit and face data sets. Our results confirmthat object detection tasks benefit significantly when trained in an onlinemanner.

Pal, NR & Lin, C-T 2010, 'Editorial - A message from Nikhil R. Pal, Editor-in-chief', IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 1025-1026.
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Pampanin, DM, Ravagnan, E, Apeland, S, Aarab, N, Godal, BF, Westerlund, S, Hjermann, DØ, Eftestøl, T, Budka, M, Gabrys, B, Viarengo, A & Barsiene, J 2010, 'The marine environment I.Q. concept', Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, vol. 157, pp. S52-S52.
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Pan, X, Hu, S, Li, S, Zheng, Z, Wang, Y, Zhang, Y, Yuan, X & Li, Y 2010, 'Predictors for late insufficiency of the neo-aortic valve after the switch procedure.', J Heart Valve Dis, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 731-735.
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BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: The study aim was to investigate the mid-term risk factors for neo-aortic regurgitation in patients with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) and Taussig-Bing malformation after the arterial switch operation (ASO). METHODS: Between February 2001 and December 2007, a total of 202 patients with TGA or Taussig-Bing malformation underwent the ASO at the authors' institution. Subsequently, 185 surviving patients (140 males, 45 females; mean age 14 +/- 28 months) were followed up in the out-patient department, using echocardiography. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for postoperative neo-aortic regurgitation. RESULTS: The mean period of follow up was 35 +/- 22 months (range: 3 to 88 months). Postoperative neo-aortic regurgitation was present in 19 patients; this was mild in 16 cases (9%) and moderate in three (2%). During the follow up, freedom from aortic regurgitation was 90%; the overall rates of freedom from aortic regurgitation at one, three, and five years were 95%, 89%, and 83%, respectively. The mid-term risk factors for neo-aortic regurgitation were ventricular septal defect (VSD) (p = 0.02), operative age >6 months (p = 0.01), and a postoperative neo-aortic valve Z-score >1 (p <0.01). CONCLUSION: The ASO showed an acceptable midterm function of the aortic valve. The risk factors for postoperative neo-aortic regurgitation included VSD, operative age >6 months, and a postoperative neo-aortic valve Z-score >1.

Park, KH, Shim, WG, Shon, HK, Lee, SG, Ngo, HH, Vigneswaran, S & Moon, H 2010, 'Adsorption Characteristics of Acetaldehyde on Activated Carbons Prepared from Corn-Based Biomass Precursor', SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 45, no. 8, pp. 1084-1091.
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The ACs (R-1/2 and R-1/4) having two different textual and chemical properties are prepared from corn-based biomass precursor and evaluated together with a wood-based activated carbon (WAC) at room temperature using a gas chromatograph. The results obtained from the correlation studies indicate that the pore size distribution (below 8A Ë ) and the relatively lower energetic heterogeneity of ACs on acetaldehyde adsorption are considerable factors rather than that of a specific surface area and surface chemistry. The adsorption equilibrium of ACs is well correlated with the Sips equation. The pseudo second-order equation was better in describing the ACsâ adsorption kinetic of acetaldehyde.

Parnell, J, Samuels, S & Tsitsos, C 2010, 'The acoustic performance of novel noise barrier profiles measured at the roadside', Acoustics Australia, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 123-128.
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As part of continuing investigation into noise barrier optimisation, a research and development study to conduct insitu empirical testing of several full size prototype barrier designs was funded by the NSW State Government. Of particular interest to this study was a design known as a random edge profile barrier. Literature research had found that there was a body of evidence indicating that a barrier with an edge irregularity can cause a substantial degradation of the diffracted signal. It is generally accepted that an increase in insertion loss occurs because the jagged edge causes a reduction in coherence of the diffracted signal being transmitted to the shadow zone as compared to a conventional straight edge barrier [1-3]. It has been suggested that the mechanism for this is that the jagged geometry on the top of a barrier alters the sound pressure level in the shadow zone by causing the region of the barrier nearest the receiver to admit multiple paths with variable phase [4]. The direct waves from the diffracting edges of the barrier and waves subsequently reflected from the ground plane are superimposed at the receiver causing constructive or destructive interference at the receiver. The present study followed a methodology that included construction of an 80m long by 2.4m high barrier that served as the base for an additional conventional top as well as a random profile and T-top novel cap. Empirical data collected showed that for the receiver locations investigated, a random edge barrier will out-perform a conventional barrier of the same nominal height for most frequencies associated with broadband tyre/road noise. A T-top barrier was found to perform better than a conventional barrier of similar height for most frequencies whilst a conventional barrier offered the most practical solution for attenuation of low frequency noise.

Parnell, J, Samuels, S & Tsitsos, C 2010, 'The performance of noise barriers in attenuating road traffic noise', Acoustics Bulletin, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 23-29.
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A research and development study was conducted by the New South Wales State Government for empirical testing of several full size prototype barrier designs. The study site was located on a section of the Hume Highway in New South Wales between Marulan and Goulburn. The barriers were constructed of a 28mm timber laminate exclusively for use as a noise barrier. This laminate was provided in sheets that were 2.4 x 1.2 meters and were fixed between galvanized H-beams. Three precision microphones were set up at various locations in front of and behind each barrier configuration. Designated A, B, and C these microphones captured traffic noise data simultaneously at various combinations of the measurement points (MPs). Synchronized video footage of the roadway was also collected to allow identification and characterization where necessary of the traffic noise sources. The random edge barrier with a nominal height of 3.0m was found to approximate the performance of a 3.0m conventional barrier at microphone locations (MP2 and MP4) close to the barrier.

Pasha, SA, Hoang Duong Tuan & Ba-Ngu Vo 2010, 'Nonlinear Bayesian Filtering Using the Unscented Linear Fractional Transformation Model', IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 477-489.
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For nonlinear state space model involving random variables with arbitrary probability distributions, the state estimation given a sequence of observations is based on an appropriate criterion such as the minimum mean square error (MMSE). This leads to linear approximation in the state space of the extended Kalman filter (EKF) and the unscented Kalman filter (UKF), which work reasonably well only for mildly nonlinear systems. We propose a Bayesian filtering technique based on the MMSE criterion in the framework of the virtual linear fractional transformation (LFT) model, which is characterized by a linear part and a simple nonlinear structure in the feedback loop. LFT is an exact representation for any differentiable nonlinear mapping, so the virtual LFT model is amenable to a wide range of nonlinear systems. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed filtering technique gives better approximation and tracking performance than standard methods like the UKF. Furthermore, for highly nonlinear systems where UKF diverges, the LFT model estimates the conditional mean with reasonable accuracy. Copyright © 2010 IEEE.

Pattinson, HM & Sood, SC 2010, 'Marketers expressing the future: Scenario planning for marketing action', Futures, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 417-426.
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Thomas Friedman exhorts us to imagine the future [1] - we urge marketers to invent the future, to learn the future faster, and to deliver the future earlier. Marketers are asked to develop scenarios about emerging technologies such as broadband wireless

Petzelt, D, Busch, F, Schallow, J & Deuse, J 2010, 'Entwicklung einer Referenzplanungssystematik der digitalen Produktentstehung', Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, vol. 105, no. 3, pp. 168-172.
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Kurzfassung Zur Reduzierung von Planungszeit und -kosten sowie zur Steigerung der Produktivität müssen alle Aufgaben der Produktentstehung optimal aufeinander abgestimmt sein. Die erforderliche enge Zusammenarbeit unterschiedlicher Fachdomänen wird jedoch auf Grund zahlreicher Schnittstellenprobleme vielfach nicht erreicht. Die Ursachen hierfür liegen sowohl in organisatorischen als auch in technischen Defiziten, die eine mit allen Partnern abgestimmte Planung verhindern. Gerade die Vernetzung von digitalen und nicht-digitalen Methoden ist bislang in den Unternehmen nur unzureichend realisiert. Um die Durchgängigkeit von Planungsprozessen und die Abstimmung von Planungsteilbereichen zu erhöhen, wird eine domänenübergreifende Referenzplanungssystematik entwickelt.

Pham, TT, Nguyen, HH & Tuan, HD 2010, 'Power Allocation in MMSE Relaying over Frequency-Selective Rayleigh Fading Channels', IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 58, no. 11, pp. 3330-3343.
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This paper develops an amplify-and-forward relaying scheme for multiuser wireless cooperative networks under frequency-selective block-fading. Single-carrier frequency division multiple-access with frequency-domain equalization technique is employed at b

Pham, TT, Nguyen, HH & Tuan, HD 2010, 'Power Allocation in Orthogonal Wireless Relay Networks With Partial Channel State Information', IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 869-878.
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Wireless amplify-and-forward relay networks in which the source communicates with the relays and destination in the first phase and the relays forward signals to the destination in the second phase over orthogonal and uncorrelated Rayleigh fading channel

Phat, VN, Ha, QP & Trinh, H 2010, 'Parameter-dependent H-infinity Control for Time-varying Delay Polytopic Systems', JOURNAL OF OPTIMIZATION THEORY AND APPLICATIONS, vol. 147, no. 1, pp. 58-70.
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This paper addresses the robust stabilization and H∞ control problem for a class of linear polytopic systems with continuously distributed delays. The control objective is to design a robust H∞ controller that satisfies some exponential stability constraints on the closed-loop poles. Using improved parameter-dependent Lyapunov Krasovskii functionals, new delay-dependent conditions for the robust H∞ control are established in terms of linear matrix inequalities. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

Phuntsho, S, Dulal, I, Yangden, D, Tenzin, UM, Herat, S, Shon, H & Vigneswaran, S 2010, 'Studying municipal solid waste generation and composition in the urban areas of Bhutan', WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 545-551.
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Bhutan lacks the solid waste data which are essential parameters for planning and scheduling of municipal solid waste management (MSWM) systems. The first ever large-scale research survey on solid waste generation and characterization in the urban areas of Bhutan was conducted between November 2007 and January 2008 using the method of waste sampling at source. The MSW generation rates in the urban centres were 0.53 kg capita-1 day - 1, which consists predominantly of organic waste materials of up to 58% indicating a great opportunity for composting. Domestic waste from the households contributed the maximum (47%) component of the total MSW generated from the urban centres followed by wastes from the commercial establishments. Attempt to study the correlation between household monthly income and the waste per capita generation rates did not yield any conclusive result. © The Author(s), 2010.

Pietroni, N, Cignoni, P, Otaduy, MA & Scopigno, R 2010, 'Solid-Texture Synthesis: A Survey.', IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 74-89.
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Pietroni, N, Tarini, M & Cignoni, P 2010, 'Almost Isometric Mesh Parameterization through Abstract Domains.', IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph., vol. 16, pp. 621-635.
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Pin, F, Veitch, D & Kauffmann, B 2010, 'Statistical estimation of delays in a multicast tree using accelerated EM', Queueing Systems, vol. 66, no. 4, pp. 369-412.
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Pirasteh, S, Rizvi, SMA, Ayazi, MH, Safari, H, Ramli, FM, Pradhan, B, Shattri, M, Mahmoodzadeh, A, Pirateh, S & Rizvi, SMA 2010, 'Using ERS-1 synthetic aperture radar for flood delineation, Bhuj Taluk, Kuchch District-Gujarat, India', Int. Geoinform. Res. Dev. J, vol. 1, pp. 13-22.

Pirasteh, S, Safari, HO, Pradhan, B & Attarzadeh, I 2010, 'Litho-morphotectonics analysis using Landsat ETM data and GIS techniques: Zagros Fold Belt (ZFB), SW Iran', Int Geoinformatics Res Dev J, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 28-36.

Pradhan, B 2010, 'Application of an advanced fuzzy logic model for landslide susceptibility analysis', International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 370-370.
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The aim of this study is to evaluate the susceptibility of landslides at Klang valley area, Malaysia, using a Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing. Landslide locations were identified in the study area from interpretation of aerial photographs and from field surveys. Topographical and geological data and satellite images were collected, processed, and constructed into a spatial database using GIS and image processing. A data derived model (frequency ratio) and a knowledge-derived model (fuzzy operator) were combined for landslide susceptibility analysis. The nine factors that influence landslide occurrence were extracted from the database and the frequency ratio coefficient for each factor was computed. Using the factors and the identified landslide, the fuzzy membership values were calculated. Then fuzzy algebraic operators were applied to the fuzzy membership values for landslide susceptibility mapping. Finally, the produced map was verified by comparing with existing landslide locations for calculating prediction accuracy. Among the fuzzy operators, in the case in which the gamma operator (λ = 0.8) showed the best accuracy (91%) while the case in which the fuzzy algebraic product was applied showed the worst accuracy (79%).

Pradhan, B 2010, 'Application of an advanced fuzzy logic model for landslide susceptibility analysis', International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 370-381.
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Pradhan, B 2010, 'Landslide susceptibility mapping of a catchment area using frequency ratio, fuzzy logic and multivariate logistic regression approaches', Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 301-320.
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PRADHAN, B & BUCHROITHNER, MF 2010, 'Comparison and Validation of Landslide Susceptibility Maps Using an Artificial Neural Network Model for Three Test Areas in Malaysia', Environmental and Engineering Geoscience, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 107-126.
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Pradhan, B & Lee, S 2010, 'Delineation of landslide hazard areas on Penang Island, Malaysia, by using frequency ratio, logistic regression, and artificial neural network models', Environmental Earth Sciences, vol. 60, no. 5, pp. 1037-1054.
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Pradhan, B & Lee, S 2010, 'Delineation of landslide hazard areas on Penang Island, Malaysia, by using frequency ratio, logistic regression, and artificial neural network models', Environmental Earth Sciences, vol. 60, no. 5, pp. 1037-1054.

Pradhan, B & Lee, S 2010, 'Landslide susceptibility assessment and factor effect analysis: backpropagation artificial neural networks and their comparison with frequency ratio and bivariate logistic regression modelling', Environmental Modelling & Software, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 747-759.
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Pradhan, B & Lee, S 2010, 'Regional landslide susceptibility analysis using back-propagation neural network model at Cameron Highland, Malaysia', Landslides, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 13-30.
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Pradhan, B & Pirasteh, S 2010, 'Introduction of guest editors january 2010 issue', Disaster Advances, vol. 3, no. 1.

Pradhan, B, Lee, S & Buchroithner, MF 2010, 'A GIS-based back-propagation neural network model and its cross-application and validation for landslide susceptibility analyses', Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 216-235.
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Pradhan, B, Lee, S & Buchroithner, MF 2010, 'Remote Sensing and GIS-based Landslide Susceptibility Analysis and its Cross-validation in Three Test Areas Using a Frequency Ratio Model', Photogrammetrie - Fernerkundung - Geoinformation, vol. 2010, no. 1, pp. 17-32.
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Pradhan, B, Lee, S, Sharma, SP, Anbarasu, K, Gupta, S & Sengupta, A 2010, 'Fox Creek is a small tributary of the Saddle River, a tributary of the Peace River in northwestern Alberta. It has several dormant landslides with degraded scarps and grabens. A new, reactivated landslide on the north bank of the Fox Creek occurred on 5 May 2007. The landslide formed two major sliding blocks. A rapid translational block slide, it mobilized 47 Mm 3 of displaced materials, blocked the...', Landslides, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 99-103.

Pradhan, B, Lee, S, Zvelebil, J, Šíma, J & Vilímek, V 2010, 'This paper presents the preliminary results of a geomorphological survey of the Olvera area (Cadiz province, Betic Ranges, Spain) and the use of the Geographic Information System (GIS) Open Source (OS) software plus Database Management System (DBMS) for making available and distributing the landslide data over the Web. In the geomorphologic survey, different landforms have been identified in the area,...', Landslides, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 99-103.

PRADHAN, B, OHb, H & BUCHROITHNER, M 2010, 'Use of remote sensing data and GIS to produce a landslide susceptibility map of a landslide prone area using a weight of evidence model', assessment, vol. 11, p. 13.

Pradhan, B, Sezer, EA, Gokceoglu, C & Buchroithner, MF 2010, 'Landslide Susceptibility Mapping by Neuro-Fuzzy Approach in a Landslide-Prone Area (Cameron Highlands, Malaysia)', IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol. 48, no. 12, pp. 4164-4177.
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Pradhan, B, Youssef, A & Varathrajoo, R 2010, 'Approaches for delineating landslide hazard areas using different training sites in an advanced artificial neural network model', Geo-spatial Information Science, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 93-102.
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Pradhao, B, Pirasteb, S & Varatharajoo, R 2010, 'Enhancement of semi-automated lineament extraction from IRS- 1B satellite images for part of Himalayan region', International Journal of Geoinformatics, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 41-50.
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This paper presents the results of a spatial domain filtering investigation of lineament mapping from 1RS″ JB USS- I satellite image. A quick and accurate lineament attraction method is applied to a big IRS-IB scene of the study area. Further, the orientation and structural trend of the area is also discussed with respect to the derived lineaments. Efforts have been made to evaluate the techniques as a fast algorithm for quick and time limited analysis of lineaments from which their orientations are estimated. To achieve the objective, various filtering techniques have been used for extraction of the lineaments form IRS-1B scene. In the present study, the acquired IRS-IB satellite scene after being geocoded, has been divided into twelve equal sized windows and a separate raster layer has been made for each of the windows. Two computer programs were used for preparation of the data sets and plotting of the rose diagrams. The result demonstrated that the lineament density value is relatively higher in the high relief area which indicates the presence of fractured rocks with abundant joints and faults owing to the structurally active terrain. As a conclusion, the current method has been found to be useful for lineament extraction from a complex terrain. © Geoinformatics International.

Qin, P-Y, Guo, YJ & Liang, C-H 2010, 'Effect of Antenna Polarization Diversity on MIMO System Capacity', IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS, vol. 9, pp. 1092-1095.
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Qin, P-Y, Weily, AR, Guo, YJ, Bird, TS & Liang, C-H 2010, 'Frequency Reconfigurable Quasi-Yagi Folded Dipole Antenna', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, vol. 58, no. 8, pp. 2742-2747.
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Rabbachin, A, Quek, TQS, Pinto, PC, Oppermann, I & Win, MZ 2010, 'Non-Coherent UWB Communication in the Presence of Multiple Narrowband Interferers', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 9, no. 11, pp. 3365-3379.
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Raja, S, Thomas, PS & Stuart, BH 2010, 'A study of storage conditions and treatments for forensic bone specimens using thermogravimetric analysis', JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY, vol. 99, no. 3, pp. 869-872.
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Bone provides an important source of forensic evidence. The storage conditions of bone have been recognised as a factor in maintaining the integrity of such evidence. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) has been employed to examine the effects of storage environments and preparation methods on the structural properties of pig bones. A comparison of oven and freeze drying has been made to study the effect of storage conditions. A comparison has also been made of ground bone specimens with cut specimens. Freeze-dried hand ground specimens provided the most consistent results and, thus, this is the recommended method of preparation of bone specimens for TG analysis.

Ranga, Y, Esselle, KP & Weily, AR 2010, 'Compact ultra‐wideband CPW‐FED printed semicircular slot antenna', Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 52, no. 10, pp. 2367-2372.
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AbstractA new compact configuration of a printed CPW‐fed semicircular slot antenna with a CPW‐to‐CPW step transition is presented. Its bandwidth is enhanced for ultra‐wideband (UWB) operation by combining linear and stepped CPW‐to‐CPW transitions along the feed line. Its measured 10 dB return loss bandwidth is 3.1–13.8 GHz (126%). This, together with its nearly constant measured gain of 3.5 dBi ± 1 dB from 3 to 10 GHz, makes it suitable for UWB applications. Details of the proposed antenna are described, and both theoretical and experimental results are presented. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2367–2372, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25481

Ranga, Y, Esselle, KP, Weily, AR & Verma, AK 2010, 'A printed antenna with constant gain over a wide bandwidth for ultra‐wideband applications', Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 52, no. 6, pp. 1261-1264.
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AbstractA constant‐gain printed circular monopole antenna (PCMA) is presented that operates from 4 to 12 GHz. The gain of the PCMA is enhanced with the use of surface‐wave excited, proximity‐coupled (SW‐PC), conductor‐backed, twin‐slot radiators. A significant improvement in 2 and 3 dB peak gain bandwidth in the XY plane (θ = 90°) is achieved, and the peak measured gain of the antenna is nearly constant (5.5 dBi ± 1.5 dB) from 3 to 10 GHz. It has a very broad radiation pattern in the azimuth plane and a typical figure of eight pattern in the elevation plane. The antenna is also compact, robust, and easy to fabricate. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 1261–1264, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25157

Ranga, Y, Verma, AK & Esselle, KP 2010, 'Planar-Monopole-Fed, Surface-Mounted Quasi-TEM Horn Antenna for UWB Systems', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 58, no. 7, pp. 2436-2439.
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Raveendran, A, Gupta, S, Bagga, R, Saha, SC, Gainder, S, Dhaliwal, LK, Patel, F, Dey, P & Nijhawan, R 2010, 'Advanced germ cell malignancies of the ovary: Should neo-adjuvant chemotherapy be the first line of treatment?', Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 53-55.
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Remenyi, J, Hunter, CJ, Cole, C, Ando, H, Impey, S, Monk, CE, Martin, KJ, Barton, GJ, Hutvagner, G & Arthur, JSC 2010, 'Regulation of the miR-212/132 locus by MSK1 and CREB in response to neurotrophins', BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL, vol. 428, no. 2, pp. 281-291.
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Neurotrophins are growth factors that are important in neuronal development and survival as well as synapse formation and plasticity. Many of the effects of neurotrophins are mediated by changes in protein expression as a result of altered transcription or translation. To determine whether neurotrophins regulate the production of microRNAs (miRNAs), small RNA species that modulate protein translation or mRNA stability, we used deep sequencing to identify BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor)-induced miRNAs in cultured primary cortical mouse neurons. This revealed that the miR-212/132 cluster contained the miRNAs most responsive to BDNF treatment. This cluster was found to produce four miRNAs: miR-132, miR-132*, miR-212 and miR-212*. Using specific inhibitors, mouse models and promoter analysis we have shown that the regulation of the transcription of the miR-212/132 miRNA cluster and the miRNAs derived from it are regulated by the ERK1/2 (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2) pathway, via bothMSK (mitogen and stress-activated kinase)-dependent and -independent mechanisms. © The Authors.

Ren, X, Shon, HK, Jang, N, Lee, YG, Bae, M, Lee, J, Cho, K & Kim, IS 2010, 'Novel membrane bioreactor (MBR) coupled with a nonwoven fabric filter for household wastewater treatment', WATER RESEARCH, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 751-760.
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Conventional and modified membrane bioreactors (MBRs) are increasingly used in small-scale wastewater treatment. However, their widespread applications are hindered by their relatively high cost and operational complexity. In this study, we investigate a new concept of wastewater treatment using a nonwoven fabric filter bag (NFFB) as the membrane bioreactor. Activated sludge is charged in the nonwoven fabric filter bag and membrane filtration via the fabric is achieved under gravity flow without a suction pump. This study found that the biofilm layer formed inside the NFFB achieved 10 mg/L of suspended solids in the permeate within 20 min of initial operation. The dynamic biofilter layer showed good filterability and the specific membrane resistance consisted of 0.3â1.9 Ã 1012 m/kg. Due to the low F/M ratio (0.04â0.10 kg BOD5/m3/d) and the resultant low sludge yield, the reactor was operated without forming excess sludge. Although the reactor provided aerobic conditions, denitrification occurred in the biofilm layer to recover the alkalinity, thereby eliminating the need to supplement the alkalinity. This study indicates that the NFFB system provides a high potential of effective wastewater treatment with simple operation at reduced cost, and hence offer an attractive solution for widespread use in rural and sparsely populated areas.

Ridoux, J & Veitch, D 2010, 'Principles of robust timing over the internet', Queue, vol. 8, pp. 30-30.

Ridoux, J & Veitch, D 2010, 'Principles of robust timing over the internet', Communications of the ACM, vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 54-61.
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The key to synchronizing clocks over networks is taming delay variability.

Rivaie, AA & Loganathan, P 2010, 'Phosphorus fertiliser source and weed control effects on growth of three-year-old second-rotation Pinus radiata on Orthic Pumice soil in New Zealand', SOUTHERN FORESTS, vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 75-81.
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Little information is available on the interactive effects of soluble and less-soluble phosphorus (P) fertilisers and weed control on growth and P nutrition of second-rotation Pinus radiata plantations. A study was initiated on three-year-old secondrotation P. radiata and to determine the relationship between needle P concentrations and soil P forms in an Orthic Pumice soil two years after application. Four rates of P (0, 50, 100, and 200 kg P ha-1) were applied as two forms of P fertilizer sources (triple superphosphate [TSP] and Ben-Guerir phosphate rock [BGPR]) in combination with weed control (weedy and weed-free). The results showed that the applied TSP and BGPR can increase tree needle P concentrations even when the needle P concentrations before fertiliser application were marginally higher than the critical P concentrations. The application of P fertilisers had no effect on tree growth during the two-year period of the trial, though it increased P. radiata needle P concentrations. However, the weed removal increased tree height, diameter at breast height, and basal area. In this plantation site the higher needle P concentrations than the critical P concentration suggests that the growth increase dueto weed removal treatment was probably due to an increase in the availability of soil water and nutrients other than P. The needle P concentrations of P. radiata can be predicted by soil tests, Bray-2 P, Olsen P, resin-Pi, and NaOH-Pi tests. Of these soil tests, Bray-2 P seems to be the best test in predicting soil P availability to P. radiata. The P concentrations in the needles had a relationship with the NaOH-Pi fraction but had no relationship with the H2SO4-Pi fraction. These results suggest that P. radiata was probably taking up P mainly from the pool of P-adsorbed to allophane and Fe+Al oxides (NaOH-Pi) in this high P-fixing acidic soil. © NISC (Pty) Ltd.

Rizzi, R, Mahata, P, Mathieson, L & Moscato, P 2010, 'Hierarchical Clustering Using the Arithmetic-Harmonic Cut: Complexity and Experiments', PLoS ONE, vol. 5, no. 12, pp. e14067-e14067.
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Clustering, particularly hierarchical clustering, is an important method for understanding and analysing data across a wide variety of knowledge domains with notable utility in systems where the data can be classified in an evolutionary context. This paper introduces a new hierarchical clustering problem defined by a novel objective function we call the arithmeticharmonic cut. We show that the problem of finding such a cut is NP-hard and APX-hard but is fixed-parameter tractable, which indicates that although the problem is unlikely to have a polynomial time algorithm (even for approximation), exact parameterized and local search based techniques may produce workable algorithms. To this end, we implement a memetic algorithm for the problem and demonstrate the effectiveness of the arithmetic-harmonic cut on a number of datasets including a cancer type dataset and a corona virus dataset. We show favorable performance compared to currently used hierarchical clustering techniques such as k-MEANS, Graclus and NORMALIZED-CUT. The arithmetic-harmonic cut metric overcoming difficulties other hierarchal methods have in representing both intercluster differences and intracluster similarities. © 2010 Rizzi et al.

Robert Stausberg, J, Ludwig, E & Deuse, J 2010, 'The DPS business game in the German stainless steel plants: An integrated approach for employee training in the implementation of a lean production system', Stahl und Eisen, vol. 130, no. 5, pp. 80-84.

Roohani-Esfahani, S-I, Nouri-Khorasani, S, Lu, Z, Appleyard, R & Zreiqat, H 2010, 'The influence hydroxyapatite nanoparticle shape and size on the properties of biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds coated with hydroxyapatite–PCL composites', Biomaterials, vol. 31, no. 21, pp. 5498-5509.
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Rosberg, Z, Liu, RP, Dinh, TL, Dong, Y & Jha, S 2010, 'Statistical reliability for energy efficient data transport in wireless sensor networks.', Wirel. Networks, vol. 16, no. 7, pp. 1913-1927.
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Ruan, D, Lu, J, Laes, E, Zhang, G, Ma, J & Meskens, G 2010, 'Multi-criteria Group Decision Support with Linguistic Variables in Long-term Scenarios for Belgian Energy Policy', JOURNAL OF UNIVERSAL COMPUTER SCIENCE, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 103-120.
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Real world decisions often made in the presence of multiple, conflicting, and incommensurate criteria. Decision making requires multiple perspectives of different individuals as more decisions are made now in groups than ever before. This is particularly true when the decision environment becomes more complex such as sustainability policies study in environmental and energy sectors. Group decision making processes judgments or solutions for decision problems based on the input and feedback of multiple individuals. Multi-criteria decision and evaluation problems at tactical and strategic levels in practice involve fuzziness in terms of linguistic variables vis-à-vis criteria, weights, and decision maker judgments. Relevant alternatives or scenarios are evaluated according to a number of desired criteria. A fuzzy multi-criteria group decision software tool is developed to analyze long-term scenarios for Belgian energy policy in this paper. © J.UCS.

Rujikiatkamjorn, C & Indraratna, B 2010, 'Radial consolidation modelling incorporating the effect of a smear zone for a multilayer soil with downdrag caused by mandrel action', Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol. 47, no. 9, pp. 1024-1035.
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A system of prefabricated vertical drains with surcharge preloading is an effective method for promoting radial drainage and accelerated soil consolidation. A piecewise technique is employed to analyse the radial consolidation in a multilayer soil system to include (i) the effect of soil downdrag and (ii) a smear zone having linearly varying soil permeability. The effect of soil dragged down from the upper soil layer into the lower layer has been analysed in terms of the time required for consolidation. It can be seen that the consolidation of the multilayer soil depends on smear zone characteristics, the permeability ratio between upper and lower soil layers, penetration depth, and drain spacing. Design procedures are described with the help of an example.

S. A, C, F. C., L, T. K., S, L. W., K, T. P., J & Lin, C 2010, 'An EEG-based Self-Constructed Neural Fuzzy System to Estimate Driver’s Cognitive State'.

Saco, PM, Carpi, LC, Figliola, A, Serrano, E & Rosso, OA 2010, 'Entropy analysis of the dynamics of El Niño/Southern Oscillation during the Holocene', Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, vol. 389, no. 21, pp. 5022-5027.
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Sadat Hosseini, SS & Gandomi, AH 2010, 'WITHDRAWN: Discussion of “Combined heat and power economic dispatch by harmony search algorithm” by A. Vasebi et al., International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems 29 (2007) 713–719', International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems.
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Safari, H, Tavili, A & Saberi, M 2010, 'Allelopathic effects of Thymus kotschyanus on seed germination and initial growth of Bromus tomentellus and Trifolium repens', Frontiers of Agriculture in China, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 475-480.
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Safari, HO, Pirasteh, S, Pradhan, B & Gharibvand, LK 2010, 'Use of Remote Sensing Data and GIS Tools for Seismic Hazard Assessment for Shallow Oilfields and its Impact on the Settlements at Masjed-i-Soleiman Area, Zagros Mountains, Iran', Remote Sensing, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 1364-1377.
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Masjed-i-Soleiman (MIS) is situated in the northern part of the Dezful embayment, which is in the Zagros fold–thrust belt with high seismic activities. MIS faces a shallow buried anticline, formed by the shallowest oilfield with a thick gas cap. The cap rocks of this oilfield are highly fractured, which has resulted in leakages from the gas cap. In this paper, we have used remote sensing techniques and image interpretation for the identification of the Niayesh, Lahbari, Andika and MIS fault zones in the studied area. Further, the study exploited seismic potential mapping using the remote sensing techniques. The relationships between the structural controls and localized gas leakage are assessed within the GIS environment. Additionally, field observation data corroborated that the leakages (and seepages) are smashed within the intersection of Niayesh and MIS fault zone, which belongs to the high fractured hinge zone of the MIS anticline. As a result, the reactivation of these active faults may cause large earthquakes with a maximum magnitude of between 6.23 < Ms < 7.05 (Richter scale) and maximum horizontal acceleration 0.26 < a < 0.55 g. Finally, the authors concluded that this anticipated earthquake may cause large scale fracturing of cap rocks, releasing a large volume of H2S gas from the uppermost layer of the reservoir.

Saha, G 2010, 'Finite element simulation of magnetoconvection inside a sinusoidal corrugated enclosure with discrete isoflux heating from below', International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 393-400.
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Saha, G, Saha, S, Hasan, MN & Islam, MQ 2010, 'Natural convection heat transfer within octagonal enclosure', International Journal of Engineering, Transactions A: Basics, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 1-10.
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The problem of steady, laminar and incompressible natural convection flow in an octagonal enclosure was studied. In this investigation, two horizontal walls were maintained at a constant high temperature, two vertical walls were kept at a constant low temperature and all inclined walls were considered adiabatic. The enclosure was assumed to be filled with a Bousinessq fluid. The study includes computations for different Prandtl numbers Pr such as 0.71, 7, 20 and 50 whereas the Rayleigh number Ra was varied from 10³ to 10 ⁶. The pressure-velocity form of Navier-Stokes equations and energy equation were used to represent the mass, momentum and energy conservations of the fluid medium in the enclosure. The governing equations and boundary conditions were converted to dimentionless form and solved numerically by penalty finite element method with discretization by triangular mesh elements. Flow and heat transfer characteristics were presented in terms of streamlines, isotherms and average Nusselt number Nu. Results showed that the effect of Ra on the convection heat transfer phenomenon inside the enclosure was significant for all values of Pr studied (0.71-50). It was also found that, Pr influence natural convection inside the enclosure at high Ra (Ra > 10⁴).

Saha, G, Sultana, T & Saha, S 2010, 'Effect of thermal radiation and heat generation on MHD flow past a uniformly heated vertical plate', Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 16, no. 1-3, pp. 57-65.
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Saha, SC, Patterson, JC & Lei, C 2010, 'Natural convection and heat transfer in attics subject to periodic thermal forcing', International Journal of Thermal Sciences, vol. 49, no. 10, pp. 1899-1910.
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Saha, SC, Patterson, JC & Lei, C 2010, 'Natural convection boundary-layer adjacent to an inclined flat plate subject to sudden and ramp heating', International Journal of Thermal Sciences, vol. 49, no. 9, pp. 1600-1612.
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Saha, SC, Patterson, JC & Lei, C 2010, 'Natural convection in attics subject to instantaneous and ramp cooling boundary conditions', Energy and Buildings, vol. 42, no. 8, pp. 1192-1204.
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Saha, SC, Patterson, JC & Lei, C 2010, 'Natural convection in attic-shaped spaces subject to sudden and ramp heating boundary conditions', Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 621-638.
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Saha, SC, Patterson, JC & Lei, C 2010, 'Scaling of natural convection of an inclined flat plate: Ramp cooling condition', International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 53, no. 23-24, pp. 5156-5166.
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Saidur, R & Mahlia, TMI 2010, 'Energy, economic and environmental benefits of using high-efficiency motors to replace standard motors for the Malaysian industries', Energy Policy, vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 4617-4625.
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Samali, B, Li, J, Choi, FC & Crews, K 2010, 'Application of the damage index method for plate-like structures to timber bridges', Structural Control and Health Monitoring, vol. 17, no. 8, pp. 849-871.
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The paper presents a research recently completed by the authors utilizing a method of damage evaluation for identifying damage in timber bridges, numerically and experimentally. The method utilizes changes in modal strain energy between the undamaged and damaged states of plate-like structures. A finite element model of a laboratory timber bridge was developed to investigate the capabilities and limitations of the method to detect damage. A simple four-girder bridge was fabricated and tested in a laboratory to verify the method. The numerical studies showed that the method can correctly identify single and multiple damage locations within the bridge. The experimental studies also showed promising results for detecting severe damage, but less effective for light and medium damage.

Sanati, F & Lu, J 2010, 'Life-event modelling framework for e-government integration', Electronic Government, an International Journal, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 183-183.
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Ability to offer a citizen-centric view of government model is the key to a successful e-government service. Life-event model is the most widely adopted paradigm supporting the idea of composing a single complex e-government service that corresponds to an event in a citizen's life. Elementary building blocks of Life-event are based on atomic services offered from multiple government agencies. This study found that methodological mechanics of service integration and in particular the requirements engineering for composite services has been overlooked. Purpose of this study is to define obstacles of achieving e-government service delivery integration, and suggests a framework based on ontological analysis and modelling. Proposed framework that shall be called E-Service Integration Modelling (E-SIM) is based on the extensive use of Life-event concept. This paper proposes a top-down abstraction approach in requirements elicitation and modelling to define and implement the phenomenon of Life-event in context of e-government.

Sarmah, CK, Samarasinghe, S, Kulasiri, D & Catchpoole, D 2010, 'A simple Affymetrix ratio-transformation method yields comparable expression level quantifications with cDNA data', World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, vol. 61, pp. 78-83.
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Gene expression profiling is rapidly evolving into a powerful technique for investigating tumor malignancies. The researchers are overwhelmed with the microarray-based platforms and methods that confer them the freedom to conduct large-scale gene expression profiling measurements. Simultaneously, investigations into cross-platform integration methods have started gaining momentum due to their underlying potential to help comprehend a myriad of broad biological issues in tumor diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. However, comparing results from different platforms remains to be a challenging task as various inherent technical differences exist between the microarray platforms. In this paper, we explain a simple ratio-transformation method, which can provide some common ground for cDNA and Affymetrix platform towards cross-platform integration. The method is based on the characteristic data attributes of Affymetrix- and cDNA- platform. In the work, we considered seven childhood leukemia patients and their gene expression levels in either platform. With a dataset of 822 differentially expressed genes from both these platforms, we carried out a specific ratio-treatment to Affymetrix data, which subsequently showed an improvement in the relationship with the cDNA data.

Schäfer, AI, Nghiem, LD, Meier, A & Neale, PA 2010, 'Impact of organic matrix compounds on the retention of steroid hormone estrone by a ‘loose’ nanofiltration membrane', Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 73, no. 2, pp. 179-187.
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Seely, AJE, Macklem, PT, Suki, B, Goldberger, A, Godin, P, Batchinsky, AI, Longtin, A, Jones, G, Seiver, A, McGregor, C, Norris, P, Maksym, G, Lake, D, Costa, MD, Marshall, JC, Morris, JA, Moorman, JR, Arnold, RC, Perez-Velazquez, JL & Nenadovic, V 2010, 'The Wakefield roundtable discussion on complexity and variability at the bedside', Journal of Critical Care, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 536-537.
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Senthilnanthan, M, Ho, DP, Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, HH & Shon, HK 2010, 'Visible light responsive ruthenium-doped titanium dioxide for the removal of metsulfuron-methyl herbcide in aqueous phase', SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY, vol. 75, no. 3, pp. 415-419.
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Titanium dioxide (TiO2) under UV light irradiation is one of the effective treatment methods to reduce the concentration of synthetic organic compounds in water. Nevertheless, only a small amount of UV light is absorbed in the solar light. This makes the less use of TiO2 for environmental applications. In this study, we prepared Ru-doped visible light responsive (VLR) TiO2 to improve visible light absorption and characterized it in terms of physical and chemical properties. The photocatalytic activity of VLR Rudoped TiO2 was investigated to remove metsulfuron-methyl (MSM) in aqueous phase. The Ru-doped TiO2 at different Ru concentrations was found to have the anatase phase. The undoped and Ru-doped TiO2 consisted of regular round shape. The photocatalytic activity of VLR photocatalyst was significantly improved on the addition of Ru from 40% for undoped TiO2 to 80% for Ru-doped TiO2. The removal efficiency of MSM was proportional to the increasing Ru-doped TiO2 under visible light. As the calcined temperature increased from 300 to 900 â¦C, the degradation efficiencies moderately changed from 65 to 90%. However, the effect of calcination duration was marginal on the photodegradation of MSM.

Shang, F, Xiong, A, Abolhasan, M & Wysocki, T 2010, 'An unequal clustering protocol for wireless sensor networks', Journal of Computational Information Systems, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 477-486.
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In this paper, a Single-Hop Unequal Clustering (SHUC) algorithm is proposed for wireless sensor networks. The SHUC algorithm consists of three different parts. Firstly, an average energy factor is introduced to balance the residual energy of the whole network during the tentative cluster-head selection process, which improves the network energy efficiency. Secondly, a cost function is proposed to balance energy-efficiency of each node. Finally, an unequal clustering algorithm is proposed for single-hop homogeneous networks. Through both theoretical analysis and numerical results, it is shown that SHUC prolongs the network lifetime significantly against other clustering protocols such as LEACH-C and EECS. Under general instance, SHUC may prolong the lifetime by up to 30% against EECS and 70% against LEACH-C. © 2010 Binary Information Press.

Shannon, A, Orozova, D, Sotirova, E, Hristova, M, Atanassov, K, Krawczak, M, Melo-Pinto, P, Nikolov, R, Sotirov, S & Kim, T 2010, 'Towards a Model of the Digital University: A Generalized Net Model for Producing Course Timetables and for Evaluating the Quality of Subjects', Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol. 299, pp. 373-381.
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In a series of research papers, the authors study some of the most important processes of functioning of universities and construct their Generalized Net (GN) models. The main focus in this paper is to analyse the process of the production of course timetables in a digital university and to evaluate their quality. The opportunity of using GNs as a tool for modeling such processes is also analyzed. © 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Shannon, A, Sotirova, E, Hristova, M & Kim, T 2010, 'Generalized net model of a student's course evaluation with intuitionistic fuzzy estimations in a digital university', Proceedings of the Jangjeon Mathematical Society, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 31-38.
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A generalized net is used to construct a model describing the process of a student's course evaluation. The model utilizes the theory of intuitionistic fuzzy sets. The model can be used to simulate some processes, related to estimation of students' background.

Shapiro, NI, Trzeciak, S, Hollander, JE, Birkhahn, R, Otero, R, Osborn, TM, Moretti, E, Nguyen, HB, Gunnerson, K, Milzman, D, Gaieski, DF, Goyal, M, Cairns, CB, Kupfer, K, Lee, S-W & Rivers, EP 2010, 'The Diagnostic Accuracy of Plasma Neutrophil Gelatinase–Associated Lipocalin in the Prediction of Acute Kidney Injury in Emergency Department Patients With Suspected Sepsis', Annals of Emergency Medicine, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 52-59.e1.
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Study objective: We assess the diagnostic accuracy of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) to predict acute kidney injury in emergency department (ED) patients with suspected sepsis. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of a prospective observational study of a convenience sample of patients from 10 academic medical center EDs. Inclusion criteria were adult patients aged 18 years or older, with suspected infection or a serum lactate level greater than 2.5 mmol/L; 2 or more systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria; and a subsequent serum creatinine level obtained within 12 to 72 hours of enrollment. Exclusion criteria were pregnancy, do-not-resuscitate status, cardiac arrest, or dialysis dependency. NGAL was measured in plasma collected at ED presentation. Acute kidney injury was defined as an increase in serum creatinine measurement of greater than 0.5 mg/dL during 72 hours. Results: There were 661 patient enrolled, with 24 cases (3.6%) of acute kidney injury that developed within 72 hours after ED presentation. Median plasma NGAL levels were 134 ng/mL (interquartile range 57 to 277 ng/mL) in patients without acute kidney injury and 456 ng/mL (interquartile range 296 to 727 ng/mL) in patients with acute kidney injury. Plasma NGAL concentrations of greater than 150 ng/mL were 96% sensitive (95% confidence interval [CI] 79% to 100%) and 51% (95% CI 47% to 55%) specific for acute kidney injury. In comparison, to achieve equivalent sensitivity with initial serum creatinine level at ED presentation required a cutoff of 0.7 mg/dL and resulted in specificity of 17% (95% CI 14% to 20%). Conclusion: In this preliminary investigation, increased plasma NGAL concentrations measured on presentation to the ED in patients with suspected sepsis were associated with the development of acute kidney injury. Our findings support NGAL as a promising new biomarker for acute kidney injury; however, further research is warranted. © 2009 American College...

Sheridan, L, Le, TP & Scarani, V 2010, 'Finite-key security against coherent attacks in quantum key distribution', New J. Phys., vol. 12, p. 123019.
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The work by Christandl, K\'onig and Renner [Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 020504(2009)] provides in particular the possibility of studying unconditionalsecurity in the finite-key regime for all discrete-variable protocols. We spellout this bound from their general formalism. Then we apply it to the study of arecently proposed protocol [Laing et al., Phys. Rev. A 82, 012304 (2010)]. Thisprotocol is meaningful when the alignment of Alice's and Bob's reference framesis not monitored and may vary with time. In this scenario, the notion ofasymptotic key rate has hardly any operational meaning, because if one waitstoo long time, the average correlations are smeared out and no security can beinferred. Therefore, finite-key analysis is necessary to find the maximalachievable secret key rate and the corresponding optimal number of signals.

Shih, Y-C, Hsieh, M-H & Wei, H-Y 2010, 'Multicasting Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Quantum States in Quantum Networks', Nano Communication Networks, 2010, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 273-282.
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In this paper, we target the practical implementation issues of quantummulticast networks. First, we design a recursive lossless compression thatallows us to control the trade-off between the circuit complexity and thedimension of the compressed quantum state. We give a formula that describes thetrade-off, and further analyze how the formula is affected by the controllingparameter of the recursive procedure. Our recursive lossless compression can beapplied in a quantum multicast network where the source outputs homogeneousquantum states (many copies of a quantum state) to a set of destinationsthrough a bottleneck. Such a recursive lossless compression is extremely usefulin the current situation where the technology of producing large-scale quantumcircuits is limited. Second, we develop two lossless compression schemes thatwork for heterogeneous quantum states (many copies of a set of quantum states)when the set of quantum states satisfies a certain structure. The heterogeneouscompression schemes provide extra compressing power over the homogeneouscompression scheme. Finally, we realize our heterogeneous compression schemesin several quantum multicast networks, including the single-sourcemulti-terminal model, the multi-source multi-terminal model, and the ringnetworks. We then analyze the bandwidth requirements for these network models.

Shon, HK, Phuntsho, S, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J, Nghiem, LD, Kim, GJ, Kim, JB & Kim, J-H 2010, 'Preparation of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles from Electrocoagulated Sludge using Sacrificial Titanium Electrodes', ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, vol. 44, no. 14, pp. 5553-5557.
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A comprehensive investigation of electrocoagulation using sacrificial titanium (Ti) electrodes in wastewater was carried out. The effects of specific process variables, such as initial pH, mixing, current density, initial organic loading, and ionic/electrolyte strength were first optimized to produce recyclable Ti-based sludge. The sludge was incinerated at 600 °C to produce functional TiO2 photocatalyst. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that TiO2 produced at optimum electrocoagulation conditions was mostly anatase structure. The specific surface area of the synthesized TiO 2 photocatalyst was higher than that of the commercially available and widely used Degussa P-25 TiO2. Furthermore, energy dispersive X-ray and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses showed that in additional to titanium and oxygen, this photocatalyst is also composed of carbon and phosphorus. These elements were mainly doped as a substitute site for the oxygen atom. Transmission electron microscopy images exhibited sharply edged nanorods, round nanoparticles, and nanotubes with nonuniform shapes showing some structural defects. Photodecomposition of gaseous acetaldehyde by this photocatalyst was also conducted under UV and visible light irradiation to study the photocatalytic properties of the doped TiO2 photocatalyst. While no photocatalytic activity was observed under visible light irradiation, this doped TiO2 photocatalyst exhibited high photocatalytic activity under UV light. © 2010 American Chemical Society.

Shon, HK, Puntsho, S, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J, Kim, JB, Park, HJ & Kim, IS 2010, 'PVDF-TiO2 coated microfiltration membranes: preparation and characterization', MEMBRANE WATER TREATMENT, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 193-206.
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© 2017 Techno-Press, Ltd. Organic fouling and biofouling pose a significant challenge to the membrane filtration process. Photocatalysis-membrane hybrid system is a novel idea for reducing these membranes fouling however, when TiO 2 photocatalyst nanoparticles are used in suspension, catalyst recovery is not only imposes an extra step on the process but also significantly contributes to increased membrane resistance and reduced permeate flux. In this study, TiO 2 photocatalyst has been immobilized by coating on the microfiltration (MF) membrane surface to minimize organic and microbial fouling. Nano-sized TiO 2 was first synthesized by a sol-gel method. The synthesized TiO 2 was coated on a Poly Vinyl Difluoride (PVDF) membrane (MF) surface using spray coating and dip coating techniques to obtain hybrid functional composite membrane. The characteristics of the synthesized photocatalyst and a functional composite membrane were studied using numerous instruments in terms of physical, chemical and electrical properties. In comparison to the clean PVDF membrane, the TiO 2 coated MF membrane was found more effective in removing methylene blue (20%) and E-coli (99%).

Shon, HK, Vigneswaran, S, El Saliby, I, Okour, Y, Kim, IS, Cho, J, Park, HJ, Kim, JB & Kim, J-H 2010, 'Hydrogen production affected by Pt concentration on TiO2 produced from the incineration of dye wastewater flocculated sludge using titanium tetrachloride', Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 15, no. 1-3, pp. 214-221.
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TiO2 from the incineration of dye wastewater flocculated sludge using TiCl4 coagulant was produced. Optimal catalyst amount and Pt-loading on TiO2 were studied for the production of H2 by photocatalytic reforming of methanol (6% vol.). On the other hand, BTSE (biologically treated sewage effluent) was flocculated using TiCl4 and produced sludge was incinerated to generate TiO2. TiO2 was loaded with optimum Pt and added to the supernatant in a photocatalytic reactor to test the efficiency of using remaining organics as a âsacrificial reagent❠for photocatalytic hydrogen production. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and molecular weight distribution (MWD) were measured for nanofiltration (NF) and TiCl4 flocculation followed by photocatalysis. TiO2 (from the incineration of BTSE flocculated sludge using TiCl4) was produced and loaded with 0.5% Pt. Results showed that the optimum concentration of TiO2 (from dye wastewater) for H2 production was 0.3 g/L, while the optimum amount of Pt was 0.5%. DOC and MWD removal was similar for the flocculation of BTSE followed by photocatalytic reaction and the NF process. Remaining organic compounds after flocculation could not be used as sacrificial reagent to induce H2 production. Further investigations on studying the UV intensity and/or identifying organic/inorganic scavengers to inhibit H2 production are underway.

Shon, HK, Vigneswaran, S, El Saliby, I, Okour, Y, Kim, IS, Cho, J, Park, HJ, Kim, JB & Kim, J-H 2010, 'Hydrogen production affected by Pt concentration on TiO2 produced from the incineration of dye wastewater flocculated sludge using titanium tetrachloride', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 15, no. 1-3, pp. 214-221.
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Siew, RYJ & al-Kilidar, H 2010, 'An Exploratory Study of HRM: Configurations and Practices across Publicly-listed Australian and Malaysian Construction Companies', The International Journal of Knowledge, Culture, and Change Management: Annual Review, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 385-402.
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HRM is one of the most poorly understood areas in construction management despite an increasing recognition of its importance.This paper discusses the results of a survey conducted across 78 publicly-listed Australian and Malaysian construction companies. Relative Importance Index (RII) was used to determine the most dominant HRM configuration utilised in these companies. Also, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to determine HRM parameters at a project level. Overall, the survey results confirmed Hofstede's cross cultural analysis across these two regions. © Common Ground, Renard Siew, Hiyam al-Kilidar.

Singh, AK, Deo, MC & Kumar, VS 2010, 'Discussion: Neural network – genetic programming for sediment transport', Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Maritime Engineering, vol. 163, no. 3, pp. 135-136.
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Singh, RP 2010, 'Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk – Launch of a New Journal', Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-1.
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Sobala, A & Hutvágner, G 2010, 'Small RNAs and their effects on gene expression', Bio Tech International, vol. 22, no. SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER, pp. 19-22.
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The cellular spectrum of small RNAs, and processes regulated by them, is very diverse. This article summarises the wide variety of endogenous small RNAs in mammals and explains how they regulate gene expression.

Stewart, MG 2010, 'Acceptable Risk Criteria for Infrastructure Protection', International Journal of Protective Structures, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 23-40.
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This paper reviews risk-based approaches to assessing the risk acceptability and cost-effectiveness of protective measures for infrastructure. The paper describes three risk acceptance criteria based on fatality risks, failure probabilities and net benefit assessment. These criteria can be applied to any item of infrastructure such as buildings, bridges, dams, offshore platforms, etc. and also applies to any man-made or natural hazard such as earthquakes, cyclones, terrorism, floods and so on. The decision support framework accompanying these risk acceptance criteria considers hazard and threat probabilities, value of human life, physical and indirect damages, risk reduction and protective measure costs. This has specific utility for the safety and economical design and assessment of new and existing protective structures against shock and impact loading. Risk assessments are conducted for a bridge over an inland waterway where the hazard is ship impact and a building subject to terrorist attack. The illustrative examples showed under what combination of risk reduction, and fatality and damage costs the fatality and failure risks would be acceptable, and when protective measures would be cost-effective.

Stewart, MG 2010, 'Reliability safety assessment of corroding reinforced concrete structures based on visual inspection information', ACI Structural Journal, vol. 107, no. 6, pp. 671-679.
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Visual inspection is the primary technique used in most routine inspections; therefore, it is of interest to update the safety and reliability assessment of reinforced concrete (RC) structures in corrosive environments using visual inspection of corrosion damage to the concrete cover. A spatial time-dependent structural reliability analysis is developed to update the deterioration process and evaluate the probabilities of corrosion-induced cover cracking (corrosion damage) and structural failure based on visual inspection information of corrosion damage. The performance of RC beams is used to illustrate the reliability analysis developed in this paper. The visual inspection finding considered herein is the timing, extent, and location of corrosion-induced surface cracking, which is used to provide an updated estimate of structural reliability. It was found that visual inspection finding significantly changes the future reliability predictions, and observations of corrosion damage at critical locations considerably increases failure probability. Failure probabilities are compared with a typical target failure probability to illustrate how visual inspection findings can be used to more accurately assess-and often increase-service-life prediction. Copyright © 2010, American Concrete Institute. All rights reserved.

Stewart, MG 2010, 'Risk-informed decision support for assessing the costs and benefits of counter-terrorism protective measures for infrastructure', International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 29-40.
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The paper describes risk-informed decision support for assessing the costs and benefits of counter-terrorism (CT) protective measures for infrastructure. Such a decision support framework needs to consider threat scenarios and probabilities, value of human life, physical (direct) damage, indirect damage, risk reduction and protective measure costs. Probabilistic terrorism risk assessments that quantify the costs and benefits are conducted for three items of infrastructure using representative cost and vulnerability data. The illustrative examples show under what combination of risk reduction, threat probability, and fatality and damage costs the CT protective measures would be cost-effective for United States building, bridge and aviation infrastructure. It was found that if indirect losses (such as business interruption, loss of GDP, etc.) are considered, then CT protective measures are cost-effective even if the terrorist threat probability is not high. Opportunity costs can be considerable, which makes CT protective measures less cost-effective. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Stewart, MG & Li, Y 2010, 'Methodologies for Economic Impact and Adaptation Assessment of Cyclone Damage Risks Due to Climate Change', Australian Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 121-135.
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Increases in wind damage are expected if the intensity and/or frequency of tropical cyclones increase due to enhanced greenhouse conditions (climate change). The paper proposes a methodology to estimate cyclone damage risks due to enhanced greenhouse conditions using residential construction in the North Queensland cities of Cairns, Townsville and Mackay as a case study, and then assesses the economic viability of several climate adaptation strategies. The analysis includes probabilistic modelling of cyclone intensity and frequency, time-dependent increase in wind speed from enhanced greenhouse conditions (global warming), and vulnerability functions of building damage. Increases in mean annual maximum wind speed from 0% to 25% over 50 years are considered to represent the uncertainty in changing wind hazard patterns as a result of climate change. The effect of regional changes to building inventory over time and space, rate of retrofitting, cost of retrofit, reduction in vulnerability, and discount rate will be considered. The risk-cost-benefit analysis considering temporal changes in wind hazard and building vulnerability can be used to help optimise the timing and extent of climate adaptation strategies. © Institution of Engineers Australia, 2010.

Su, L-J, Rujikiatkamjorn, C & Indraratna, B 2010, 'An Evaluation of Fouled Ballast in a Laboratory Model Track Using Ground Penetrating Radar', Geotechnical Testing Journal, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 343-350.
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Abstract Ground penetrating radar (GPR) was used to evaluate fouled ballast in a prototype model railway track designed and constructed at the University of Wollongong. To simulate actual conditions, the track consisted of a layer of sub-grade, a capping layer, and a layer of ballast. The track was then divided into seven fouled ballast sections and two clean ballast sections, nine in all. Radar detectable geotextile was embedded under the ballast to highlight the interface between the ballast and capping layer, and then different frequency antennae were used to capture the reflected GPR signals so that the fouled ballast could be evaluated. The design and construction of the model track and the analysis and interpretation of collected GPR data are presented in this paper. Clear patterns of texture observed from the GPR images illustrate the different fouling conditions. The relative dielectric permittivity of each sub-section was also calculated and compared, which proved that it can be used to classify clean and fouled ballast.

Su, SW, Chen, W, Liu, D, Fang, Y, Kuang, W, Yu, X, Guo, T, Celler, BG & Nguyen, HT 2010, 'Dynamic Modelling of Heart Rate Response Under Different Exercise Intensity', The Open Medical Informatics Journal, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 81-85.
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Heart rate is one of the major indications of human cardiovascular response to exercises. This study investigates human heart rate response dynamics to moderate exercise. A healthy male subject has been asked to walk on a motorised treadmill under a predefined exercise protocol. ECG, body movements, and oxygen saturation (SpO2) have been reliably monitored and recorded by using non-invasive portable sensors. To reduce heart rate variation caused by the influence of various internal or external factors, the designed step response protocol has been repeated three times. Experimental results show that both steady state gain and time constant of heart rate response are not invariant when walking speed is faster than 3 miles/hour, and time constant of offset exercise is noticeably longer than that of onset exercise.

Su, SW, Huang, S, Wang, L, Celler, BG, Savkin, AV, Guo, Y & Cheng, TM 2010, 'Optimizing Heart Rate Regulation for Safe Exercise', ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 758-768.
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Safe exercise protocols are critical for effective rehabilitation programs. This paper aims to develop a novel control strategy for an automated treadmill system to reduce the danger of injury during cardiac rehabilitation. We have developed a control-oriented nonparametric Hammerstein model for the control of heart rate during exercises by using support vector regression and correlation analysis. Based on this nonparametric model, a model predictive controller has been built. In order to guarantee the safety of treadmill exercise during rehabilitation, this new automated treadmill system is capable of optimizing system performance over predefined ranges of speed and acceleration. The effectiveness of the proposed approach was demonstrated with six subjects by having their heart rate track successfully a predetermined heart rate. © 2009 Biomedical Engineering Society.

Sun, JY, Wang, ZK, Lim, HS, Ng, SC, Kuok, MH, Tran, TT & Lu, X 2010, 'Hypersonic Vibrations of Ag@SiO₂(Cubic Core)−Shell Nanospheres', ACS Nano, vol. 4, no. 12, pp. 7692-7698.
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Sun, Y, Zhu, X & Moritz, J 2010, 'Explicit design formulas for current‐mode leap‐frog OTA‐C filters and 300 MHz CMOS seventh‐order linear phase filter', International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 367-382.
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AbstractThe leap‐frog (LF) configuration is an important structure in analogue filter design. Voltage‐mode LF OTA‐C filters have recently been studied in the literature; however, general explicit formulas do not exist for current‐mode LF OTA‐C filters and there is also need for current‐mode LF‐based OTA‐C structures for realization of arbitrary transmission zeros. Three current‐mode OTA‐C structures are presented, including the basic LF structure and LF filters with an input distributor or an output summer. They can realize all‐pole characteristics and functions with arbitrary transmission zeros. Explicit design formulas are derived directly from these structures for the synthesis of, respectively, all‐pole and arbitrary zero filter characteristics of up to the sixth order. The filter structures are regular and the design formulas are straightforward to use. As an illustrative example, a 300 MHz seventh‐order linear phase low‐pass filter with zeros is presented. The filter is implemented using a fully differential linear operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) based on a source degeneration topology. Simulations in a standard TSMC 0.18µm CMOS process with 2.5 V power supply have shown that the cutoff frequency of the filter ranges from 260 to 320 MHz, group delay ripple is about 4.5% over the whole tuning range, noise of the filter is 420nA/√Hz, dynamic range is 66 dB and power consumption is 200 mW. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Ta, MTT, Nguyen, KT, Nguyen, ND, Campbell, LV & Nguyen, TV 2010, 'Identification of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes by systolic blood pressure and waist-to-hip ratio', Diabetologia, vol. 53, no. 10, pp. 2139-2146.
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We estimated the current prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the Vietnamese population and developed simple diagnostic models for identifying individuals at high risk of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes. The study was designed as a cross-sectional investigation with 721 men and 1,421 women, who were aged between 30 and 72 years and were randomly sampled from Ho Chi Minh City (formerly Saigon) in Vietnam. A 75 g oral glucose tolerance test to assess fasting and 2 h plasma glucose concentrations were determined for each individual. The ADA diagnostic criteria were used to determine the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. WHR and blood pressure were also measured in all individuals. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes was 10.8% in men and 11.7% in women. Higher WHR and blood pressure were independently associated with a greater risk of type 2 diabetes. Compared with participants without central obesity and hypertension, the odds of diabetes was increased by 6.4-fold (95% CI 3.2-13.0) in men and 4.1-fold (2.2-7.6) in women with central obesity and hypertension. Two nomograms were developed that help identify men and women at high risk of type 2 diabetes. The current prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the Vietnamese population is high. Simple field measurements such as waist-to-hip ratio and systolic blood pressure can identify individuals at high risk of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes.

Tabatabaiefar, HR & Massumi, A 2010, 'A simplified method to determine seismic responses of reinforced concrete moment resisting building frames under influence of soil–structure interaction', Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, vol. 30, no. 11, pp. 1259-1267.
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As the Iranian seismic code does not address the soil–structure interaction (SSI) explicitly, the effects of SSI on RC-MRFs are studied using the direct method. Four types of structures on three types of soils, with and without the soil interaction, are modeled and subjected to different earthquake records. The results led to a criterion indicating that considering SSI in seismic design, for buildings higher than three and seven stories on soil with Vs<175 m/s and 175

Tadkaew, N, Sivakumar, M, Khan, SJ, McDonald, JA & Nghiem, LD 2010, 'Effect of mixed liquor pH on the removal of trace organic contaminants in a membrane bioreactor', Bioresource Technology, vol. 101, no. 5, pp. 1494-1500.
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Tang, L, Du, P & Wu, C 2010, 'Compare diagnostic tests using transformation-invariant smoothed ROC curves', Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference, vol. 140, no. 11, pp. 3540-3551.
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Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, plotting true positive rates against false positive rates as threshold varies, is an important tool for evaluating biomarkers in diagnostic medicine studies. By definition, ROC curve is monotone increasing from 0 to 1 and is invariant to any monotone transformation of test results. And it is often a curve with certain level of smoothness when test results from the diseased and non-diseased subjects follow continuous distributions. Most existing ROC curve estimation methods do not guarantee all of these properties. One of the exceptions is Du and Tang (2009) which applies certain monotone spline regression procedure to empirical ROC estimates. However, their method does not consider the inherent correlations between empirical ROC estimates. This makes the derivation of the asymptotic properties very difficult. In this paper we propose a penalized weighted least square estimation method, which incorporates the covariance between empirical ROC estimates as a weight matrix. The resulting estimator satisfies all the aforementioned properties, and we show that it is also consistent. Then a resampling approach is used to extend our method for comparisons of two or more diagnostic tests. Our simulations show a significantly improved performance over the existing method, especially for steep ROC curves. We then apply the proposed method to a cancer diagnostic study that compares several newly developed diagnostic biomarkers to a traditional one. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.

Tarini, M, Pietroni, N, Cignoni, P, Panozzo, D & Puppo, E 2010, 'Practical quad mesh simplification.', Comput. Graph. Forum, vol. 29, pp. 407-418.
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TAVANGARIAN, F, EMADI, R & ROOHANI ESFAHANI, SI 2010, 'A NOVEL METHOD TO SYNTHESIS OF β-TCP/HA BIPHASIC NANOCRYSTALLINE POWDER BY USING BOVINE BONE', International Journal of Modern Physics B, vol. 24, no. 17, pp. 3365-3372.
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Nanocrystalline biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) powder was synthesized from natural bovine bone via a very economic process. The bovine bone was annealed at 900°C for 2 h and elemental compositions were qualitatively identified by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The calcined bovine bone was powdered and mixed with calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate ( CaHPO4·2 H2O , DCPD). After that, the prepared powder was uniaxially pressed into pellets. The pellets were annealed at 900–1200°C and then crushed to obtain nanocrystalline BCP powder. The morphology and microstructure of the BCP powder were studied by SEM. The results showed that the prepared powder consisted of small size and highly agglomerated particles. X-ray diffraction method was utilized to characterize the phase formation and crystallite size of prepared powder. The crystallite sizes of BCP powder calculated by using XRD data were in the range of 20–60 nm.

Thakur, PK, Vinod, JS & Indraratna, B 2010, 'Effect of particle breakage on cyclic densification of ballast: A DEM approach', IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 10, pp. 012229-012229.
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Thomas, PS, Šesták, J, Heide, K, Fueglein, E & Šimon, P 2010, 'Thermal properties of Australian sedimentary opals and Czech moldavites', Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, vol. 99, no. 3, pp. 861-867.
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The thermal properties are presented for a precious opal sourced from Coober Pedy, South Australia and a moldavite from Bohemia, Czech Republic whose origins differ significantly as opal is derived from the slow isothermal diagenesis of silica, while the tektites are specimens of vitreous silica formed from the terrestrial impact of asteroids. The differences between the two glassy silicates are presented through measurement of the TG-DSC, TMA and high-vacuum-hot-extraction DEGAS analysis.

Tijing, LD, Kim, HY, Lee, DH, Kim, CS & Cho, YI 2010, 'Physical water treatment using RF electric fields for the mitigation of CaCO 3 fouling in cooling water', International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 53, no. 7, pp. 1426-1437.

Tomamichel, M & Renner, R 2010, 'The Uncertainty Relation for Smooth Entropies', Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 106, no. 11, p. 110506.
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Uncertainty relations give upper bounds on the accuracy by which the outcomesof two incompatible measurements can be predicted. While establisheduncertainty relations apply to cases where the predictions are based on purelyclassical data (e.g., a description of the system's state before measurement),an extended relation which remains valid in the presence of quantum informationhas been proposed recently [Berta et al., Nat. Phys. 6, 659 (2010)]. Here, wegeneralize this uncertainty relation to one formulated in terms of smoothentropies. Since these entropies measure operational quantities such asextractable secret key length, our uncertainty relation is of immediatepractical use. To illustrate this, we show that it directly implies security ofa family of quantum key distribution protocols including BB84. Our proofremains valid even if the measurement devices used in the experiment deviatearbitrarily from the theoretical model.

Tomamichel, M, Schaffner, C, Smith, A & Renner, R 2010, 'Leftover Hashing Against Quantum Side Information', IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, 57 (8), 2011, vol. 57, no. 8, pp. 5524-5535.
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The Leftover Hash Lemma states that the output of a two-universal hashfunction applied to an input with sufficiently high entropy is almost uniformlyrandom. In its standard formulation, the lemma refers to a notion of randomnessthat is (usually implicitly) defined with respect to classical sideinformation. Here, we prove a (strictly) more general version of the LeftoverHash Lemma that is valid even if side information is represented by the stateof a quantum system. Furthermore, our result applies to arbitrary delta-almosttwo-universal families of hash functions. The generalized Leftover Hash Lemmahas applications in cryptography, e.g., for key agreement in the presence of anadversary who is not restricted to classical information processing.

Tran, N, O'Brien, CJ, Clark, J & Rose, B 2010, 'Potential role of micro‐RNAs in head and neck tumorigenesis', Head & Neck, vol. 32, no. 8, pp. 1099-1111.
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AbstractA new class of regulatory molecules known as microRNAs (miRNAs) is redefining our understanding of the molecular pathways associated with tumorigenesis. These miRNAs are small noncoding RNA (ncRNA) sequences with potent regulatory potential. The aberrant expression of miRNAs has been associated with the development of various tumors. It has been suggested that miRNAs can both regulate and act as tumor‐suppressor genes and oncogenes. Our understanding of the role of miRNAs in head and neck tumorigenesis is in its infancy. However, several recent studies have revealed extensive dysregulation of miRNA in head and neck tumors and have highlighted the potential of certain miRNAs to act as diagnostic and prognostic markers and targets for new therapeutic agents. The intent of this review is to discuss and summarize current findings that point to a significant role for miRNAs in head and neck tumorigenesis. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010

Trani, LDO & Indraratna, B 2010, 'Assessment of Subballast Filtration under Cyclic Loading', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 136, no. 11, pp. 1519-1528.
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Trani, LDO & Indraratna, B 2010, 'Experimental investigations into subballast filtration behaviour under cyclic conditions', Australian Geomechanics Journal, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 123-1333.
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In rail track environments the loading system is cyclic unlike the monotonie seepage force that usually occurs in embankment dams. The mechanisms of filtration, interface behaviour and time-dependent changes of the drainage and filtration properties occurring within the filter medium require further research to improve the design guidelines. A novel cyclic process simulation filtration apparatus was designed and commissioned at the University of Wollongong, and a standard testing procedure was established. The test apparatus was designed to simulate heavy haul train operations. Key parameters that influence the change in porosity and pore water pressure within the subballast layer under cyclic conditions in rail track environments were identified.

TRANI, LDO & INDRARATNA, B 2010, 'The use of particle size distribution by surface area method in predicting the saturated hydraulic conductivity of graded granular soils', Géotechnique, vol. 60, no. 12, pp. 957-962.
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The hydraulic conductivity (k) of a fully saturated granular material can be predicted by the well-known Kozeny–Carman formula, and its slightly different variations, based on the porosity (n) and effective diameter (deff). Most variations of the Kozeny–Carman formula compute the parameter deff based on a given conventional particle size distribution by mass (PSDm), where the validation would normally be carried out by comparing against laboratory permeability tests conducted on soils having an average coefficient of uniformity (Cu) of about 3. Knowing that the Kozeny–Carman formula was originally developed for uniformly graded materials, inevitable limitations are inherited when it is applied to increasingly graded soils. This study proposes to convert the PSDm into its equivalence in surface area (PSDsa) conforming to the fundamental geometric assumption by which the Kozeny–Carman equation was originally formulated. The estimated deff based on this proposed PSDsa method appears implicitly to incorporate the size, shape and angularity of the natural grains which were traditionally represented by the shape coefficient (α). The results presented in this paper show that the suggested method is capable of predicting k for fully saturated granular soils with Cu of up 20.

Trani, LDO & Indraratna, B 2010, 'Use of Impedance Probe for Estimation of Porosity Changes in Saturated Granular Filters under Cyclic Loading: Calibration and Application', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 136, no. 10, pp. 1469-1474.
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Tsai, C-H, Liao, L-D, Luo, Y-S, Chao, PC-P, Chen, E-C, Meng, H-F, Chen, W-D, Lin, S-K & Lin, C-T 2010, 'Optimal design and fabrication of ITO/organic photonic crystals in polymer light-emitting diodes using a focused ion beam', Microelectronic Engineering, vol. 87, no. 5-8, pp. 1331-1335.
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Tu, KL, Nghiem, LD & Chivas, AR 2010, 'Boron removal by reverse osmosis membranes in seawater desalination applications', Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 87-101.
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Tuan, HD, Kha, HH, Nguyen, HH & Luong, V-J 2010, 'Optimized Training Sequences for Spatially Correlated MIMO-OFDM', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 9, no. 9, pp. 2768-2778.
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In this paper, the training sequence design for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems under the minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion is addressed. The optimal training sequence for channel e

Turner, BD, Binning, PJ & Sloan, SW 2010, 'Impact of Phosphate on Fluoride Removal by Calcite', Environmental Engineering Science, vol. 27, no. 8, pp. 643-650.
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Vexler, A, Wu, C & Yu, KF 2010, 'Optimal hypothesis testing: from semi to fully Bayes factors', Metrika, vol. 71, no. 2, pp. 125-138.
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We propose and examine statistical test-strategies that are somewhat between the maximum likelihood ratio and Bayes factor methods that are well addressed in the literature. The paper shows an optimality of the proposed tests of hypothesis. We demonstrate that our approach can be easily applied to practical studies, because execution of the tests does not require deriving of asymptotical analytical solutions regarding the type I error. However, when the proposed method is utilized, the classical significance level of tests can be controlled. © Springer-Verlag 2008.

Vicars, R, Hyde, PJ, Brown, TD, Tipper, JL, Ingham, E, Fisher, J & Hall, RM 2010, 'The effect of anterior–posterior shear load on the wear of ProDisc-L TDR', European Spine Journal, vol. 19, no. 8, pp. 1356-1362.
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Vidal-Calleja, TA, Sanfeliu, A & Andrade-Cetto, J 2010, 'Action Selection for Single-Camera SLAM', IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics), vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 1567-1581.
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A method for evaluating, at video rate, the quality of actions for a single camera while mapping unknown indoor environments is presented. The strategy maximizes mutual information between measurements and states to help the camera avoid making ill-conditioned measurements that are appropriate to lack of depth in monocular vision systems. Our system prompts a user with the appropriate motion commands during 6-DOF visual simultaneous localization and mapping with a handheld camera. Additionally, the system has been ported to a mobile robotic platform, thus closing the control-estimation loop. To show the viability of the approach, simulations and experiments are presented for the unconstrained motion of a handheld camera and for the motion of a mobile robot with nonholonomic constraints. When combined with a path planner, the technique safely drives to a marked goal while, at the same time, producing an optimal estimated map. © 2010 IEEE.

Vinod, JS, Indraratna, B & Mahamud, MAA 2010, 'Stabilisation of an erodible soil using a chemical admixture', Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Ground Improvement, vol. 163, no. 1, pp. 43-51.
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Internal erosional behaviour of a lignosulfonate-treated dispersive soil has been studied using apparatus designed and built at University of Wollongong. The effectiveness of lignosulfonate-treated dispersive clay on its erosion resistance has been investigated and its advantages over traditional admixtures (cement) have been presented. Lignosulfonate is a non-toxic admixture that can stabilise certain erodible and dispersive soils effectively, without causing any adverse environmental impact on the ground unlike some traditional stabilisers. Test results show that the erosional parameters such as critical shear stress and coefficient of soil erosion are improved with the increase in the amount of lignosulfonate. Knowledge about the clay particles and lignosulfonate interaction mechanisms is pertinent for long-term environmental sustainability of treated soils, a factor which is poorly understood at microscopic level. Considering this, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were carried out on representative samples to understand the stabilisation mechanism at the particle scale level. The improvement of performance exhibited by the lignosulfonate-treated soil can be mainly attributed to the reduction of the double-layer thickness by the neutralisation of surface charges of the clay particles and the formation of more stable particle clusters by polymer bridging.

Vinod, JS, Sridharan, A & Indraratna, B 2010, 'Determination of Coefficient of Radial Consolidation Using Steepest Tangent Fitting Method', Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 533-536.
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Barron (Trans ASCE 113:718-724, 1948) theoretical relationship between degree of consolidation (Ur) and time factor (Tr) is generally used to determine the coefficient of radial consolidation cr. Several researchers have proposed different laboratory techniques for obtaining the value of cr. However, the usual approach is to compare some salient features of the theoretical Ur-Tr relationship with the compression, δ and time, t based on the laboratory data. In this paper, rapid consolidation test procedure originally proposed by Su (J Soil Mech Found Div Am Soc Civ Eng No. 95: Proc. Pap. 1729 (1-9), 1958) to determine the coefficient of vertical consolidation (cv) is extended to evaluate Barron's coefficient of radial consolidation cr for the case of equal strain. The characteristic feature of the proposed method is the identification of the steepest tangent from the δ-log t plot. The slope of steepest tangent is independent of the drain spacing ratio (n) with a value of 0.847. This approach is rapid, and it predicts more reliable values of cr as it is less influenced by the secondary compression. In addition, this method is more versatile and can be applied for consolidation trends which do not always exhibit the typical S-shape. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

Visconti, RP, Kasyanov, V, Gentile, C, Zhang, J, Markwald, RR & Mironov, V 2010, 'Towards organ printing: engineering an intra-organ branched vascular tree', Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 409-420.
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Vogel, D, Simon, A, Alturki, AA, Bilitewski, B, Price, WE & Nghiem, LD 2010, 'Effects of fouling and scaling on the retention of trace organic contaminants by a nanofiltration membrane: The role of cake-enhanced concentration polarisation', Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 73, no. 2, pp. 256-263.
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Voinov, A & Bousquet, F 2010, 'Modelling with stakeholders☆', Environmental Modelling & Software, vol. 25, no. 11, pp. 1268-1281.
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Voinov, A & Cerco, C 2010, 'Model integration and the role of data', Environmental Modelling & Software, vol. 25, no. 8, pp. 965-969.
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Voinov, AA, DeLuca, C, Hood, RR, Peckham, S, Sherwood, CR & Syvitski, JPM 2010, 'A Community Approach to Earth Systems Modeling', Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, vol. 91, no. 13, pp. 117-118.
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Earth science often deals with complex systems spanning multiple disciplines. These systems are best described by integrated models built with contributions from specialists of many backgrounds. But building integrated models can be difficult; modular and hierarchical approaches help to manage the increasing complexity of these modeling systems, but there is a need for framework and integration methods and standards to support modularity. Complex models require many data and generate lots of output, so software and standards are required for data handling, model output, data distribution services, and user interfaces. Complex modeling systems must be efficient to be useful, so they require contributions by software engineers to ensure efficient architectures, accurate numerics, and implementation on fast computers. Further, integrated model systems can be difficult to learn and use unless adequate documentation, training, and support are provided.

Vu, NA, Castel, A & François, R 2010, 'Response of post-tensioned concrete beams with unbonded tendons including serviceability and ultimate state', Engineering Structures, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 556-569.
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Wang, J, Zhu, S, Zhang, W & Lu, H 2010, 'Combined modeling for electric load forecasting with adaptive particle swarm optimization', Energy, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 1671-1678.
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Electric load forecasting is crucial for managing electric power systems economically and safely. This paper presents a new combined model for electric load forecasting based on the seasonal ARIMA forecasting model, the seasonal exponential smoothing mod

Wang, Q & Yue, DW 2010, 'Performance analysis of spectrum sensing using diversity technique', Tongxin Xuebao/Journal on Communications, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 134-140.
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Performance of spectrum sensing using energy detection and equal gain combining technique was investigated in the general correlated non-identical Nakagami-m fading channels. Closed-form expression of detection probability was derived, and performance improvement obtained by utilizing equal gain combining was analyzed via the asymptotical analysis. The validity of theoretical results were shown by comparing numerical results with Monte-Carlo simulations. At last, the influence of channel correlation on the detection probability was observed by Monte-Carlo simulation.

Wang, S, Qiu, J, Liu, X, Wang, Z, Zhu, J, Guo, Y, Lin, ZW, Wang, Y & Xu, W 2010, 'Current distribution analysis for high temperature superconducting cable considering hysteresis characteristics', International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 33, no. 1-2, pp. 511-517.
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This paper presents a hysteresis model for Type-II high temperature superconductor (HTS) by using simplified Preisach Model, in which the Preisach distribution function μ-kα, β) is determined only based on the B-H limiting loop. The nonlinear dynamic circuit model of the superconductor is established. In the circuit model, the hysteresis inductance and hysteresis loss described by using simplified Preisach Model are deduced. Applying the hysteresis circuit model, the currents flowing in different superconductor layers of high temperature superconducting cable are simulated, as well as the hysteresis loss of the superconducting cable. The simulation results are verified by comparison with the data recorded in literatures. Finally, the influences of hysteresis on superconducting cable are analyzed and discussed. © 2010 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.

WANG, X-Z, XU, X-F & WANG, Z-J 2010, 'A Profit Optimization Oriented Service Selection Method for Dynamic Service Composition', Chinese Journal of Computers, vol. 33, no. 11, pp. 2104-2115.
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Service composition is an effective means of building value-added service in service-oriented computing environment. Current research focuses on the fulfillment of customer value, while neglects the value procurable by service broker, which is the compositor of individual services as well as the provider of composite services. On the one hand, over-optimized service quality will not bring additional profit to the service provider as well as no remarkable improvement to customer satisfaction, thus is unnecessary for the value of both sides of service participants in SLA environment; on the other hand, due to the uncertainty of both services and the environment for delivering services, real quality of service-oriented applications exhibits as uncertain, too. So real services may not meet the quality requirement of negotiated service level, or even fail. Profit and service strategies are studied for SLA, and a novel service selection model is proposed for profit optimization. Based on periodical estimation of service cost and instant feedbacks, service requirements are greedily scheduled and optimized service selection is realized for dynamic service composition based on simulated annealing algorithm. Experimental results show that this approach does not only promote the profit of composite services, but also have superior efficiency in procuring optimized results under different circumstances of requirements distribution, compared with traditional approaches.

Wang, Y, Guo, N, Zhu, J, Duan, N, Wang, S, Guo, Y, Xu, W & Li, Y 2010, 'Initial Rotor Position and Magnetic Polarity Identification of PM Synchronous Machine Based on Nonlinear Machine Model and Finite Element Analysis', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 2016-2019.
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In this paper, a DC voltage pulse injection based method is proposed to detect the initial position and rotor polarity of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The rotor angle vibration is expressed analytically as a function of the injected pulse.

Wang, Y, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 2010, 'A Comprehensive Analytical Mathematic Model for Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machines Incorporating Structural and Saturation Saliencies', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 46, no. 12, pp. 4081-4091.
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We introduce a new method to model permanent-magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) with saliencies due to the salient structure and magnetic saturation. We define two parameters to indicate these saliencies, i.e., the structural saliency ratio $(K_{rm str})$ and the saturation saliency ratio $(K_{rm sat})$. To verify the nonlinear model, we tested a real PMSM and numerically simulated it. The nonlinear inductance matrix is deduced and expressed by a nonlinear function regressed from the experimental data. The simulation and experimental results agree well with each other.

Wang, Y, Zhu, J, Wang, S, Guo, Y & Xu, W 2010, 'Modeling and simulation of direct torque controlled SPMSM Drive incorporating magnetic saturation saliency', International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, vol. 33, no. 1-2, pp. 473-479.
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In this paper a comprehensive nonlinear model of surface mounted permanent magnet synchronous machine (SPMSM) is proposed considering both the structural and the saturation saliencies to enable the numerical simulation of new rotor position detection algorithms. An experiment platform is carried out to test and collect the incremental inductance values varying again the stator current levels and the rotor position. The Least Relative Residual Sum of Square (LRRSS) method is employed in the nonlinear inductance function regression. After experimentally identifying out all the parameters, a nonlinear mathematic model of SPMSMis built up. Furthermore, the direct torque control (DTC) scheme is applied to this new model to verify the model and simulate the machine performance.

Watt, DJ, Kayis, B & Willey, K 2010, 'The relative importance of tender evaluation and contractor selection criteria', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 51-60.
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Research in identifying the relative importance of criteria used to select a preferred supplier has, for the most part, relied on subjective lists of criteria being presented to respondents. The research reported here uses an experimental design approach to quantify the importance of nine common criteria used in an actual evaluation and selection of a contractor/supplier. Unique choice sets were constructed, each comprising three tender evaluation outcomes (alternatives) described in terms of all criteria, but with varying levels. Respondents simultaneously evaluated all three alternatives within each choice set and selected the most preferred. Utility estimates for each criterion level were determined as was the overall contribution made by the individual criterion. Results indicate Past Project Performance, Technical Expertise and Cost are the most important criteria in an actual choice of contractor with Organisational Experience, Workload, and Reputation being the least important.

Wei Xu, Jian Guo Zhu, Yongchang Zhang, Yaohua Li, Yi Wang & Youguang Guo 2010, 'An Improved Equivalent Circuit Model of a Single-Sided Linear Induction Motor', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 59, no. 5, pp. 2277-2289.
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The derivation of the equivalent circuit for a single-sided linear induction motor (SLIM) is not straightforward, particularly if it includes longitudinal end effects from the cut-open primary magnetic path, transversal edge effects from the differing wi

Wei, D, Huang, J, Zhang, A, Jiang, Z, Tieu, AK, Shi, X, Jiao, S & Chen, L 2010, 'Deformation of Oxide Scale and Roll-Strip Interface Characteristics in Hot Rolling of Stainless Steel 304', STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL, vol. 81, no. 9, pp. 102-105.
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The deformation of oxide scale affects roll-strip interface characteristics in hot rolling. Few studies have been carried out on the deformation behavior of oxide scale in hot rolling of stainless steels. In this paper, the thickness, morphology of the oxide scale and the surface roughness of workpiece in hot rolling of stainless steel 304 under the condition of a single pass were investigated, and the friction coefficients were calculated. The effect of humidity on the growth of oxide scale of stainless steel 304 has been identified. Outer and inner oxide layers can be found when the water vapor content is over 7 vol.%. An incomplete oxide layer which is a transition layer between the inner oxide layer and steel substrate can be distinguished in thick oxide scale when the water vapour content is over 12 vol.%. The oxide scale thickness decreases linearly with an increase of reduction. Surface roughness also decreases with an increase of reduction. After experiencing 20 and 30 % reduction, the surface roughness asperities are flattened, so the outmost surface of oxide scale after rolling is much smoother than that before rolling. Generally, friction coefficients decrease with an increase of reduction.

Wei, X & Stewart, MG 2010, 'Model validation and parametric study on the blast response of unreinforced brick masonry walls', International Journal of Impact Engineering, vol. 37, no. 11, pp. 1150-1159.
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Numerical simulations are carried out to estimate the response and damage of unreinforced brick masonry walls subjected to explosive blast loading based on the transient dynamic finite element program LS-DYNA. A previously developed dynamic plastic damage model was used for brick and mortar. A new model for strain rate effects of bricks and mortar is included in the numerical analysis. The results obtained from the numerical models are compared with field test data and good agreement can be found. Parametric studies are conducted to evaluate the effect of material strength, boundary conditions, and thickness of the wall on the blast response of unreinforced brick masonry walls. It was found that boundary conditions and wall thickness significantly affect the blast response, while the effect of material strength is relatively small. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

White, R, Thomas, P, Phillips, MR, Moran, K & Wuhrer, R 2010, 'X-Ray Mapping and Scatter Diagram Analysis of the Discoloring Products Resulting from the Interaction of Artist's Pigments', MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 594-598.
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The discoloring interaction between the artist's pigments cadmium yellow and the copper-containing malachite, an interaction that is conjectured to cause black spotting in oil paintings of the 19th and early 20th centuries, was examined using X-ray mapping and scatter diagram analysis. The application of these coupled techniques confirmed that copper sulfide phases were produced during discoloration reaction. Scatter diagram analysis indicated that two copper sulfide stoichiometries (CuS and Cu3S2) were present as reaction products where previously only crystalline CuS (covellite) had been identified by X-ray diffraction. The results demonstrate the potential of X-ray mapping coupled with scatter diagram analysis for the identification of both crystalline and X-ray amorphous phases produced by such complex heterogeneous interactions and their applicability to the investigation of interactions of artists' pigments. © Microscopy Society of America 2010.

Widmer, M, Blum, J, Hofmeyr, GJ, Carroli, G, Abdel-Aleem, H, Lumbiganon, P, Ngoc, NTN, Wojdyla, D, Thinkhamrop, J, Singata, M, Mignini, LE, Abdel-Aleem, MA, Thach, TS & Winikoff, B 2010, 'Misoprostol as an adjunct to standard uterotonics for treatment of post-partum haemorrhage: a multicentre, double-blind randomised trial', The Lancet, vol. 375, no. 9728, pp. 1808-1813.
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Widmer, M, Blum, J, Hofmeyr, GJ, Carroli, G, Abdel-Aleem, H, Lumbiganon, P, Nguyen, TNN, Wojdyla, D, Thinkhamrop, J, Singata, M, Mignini, LE, Abdel-Aleem, MA, Tran, ST & Winikoff, B 2010, 'Misoprostol as an Adjunct to Standard Uterotonics for Treatment of Postpartum Hemorrhage: A Multicentre, Double-Blind Randomized Trial', Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, vol. 65, no. 10, pp. 609-610.
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Wilde, MM & Hsieh, M-H 2010, 'Public and private resource trade-offs for a quantum channel', Quantum Information Processing, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 6-1501.
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Collins and Popescu realized a powerful analogy between several resources inclassical and quantum information theory. The Collins-Popescu analogy statesthat public classical communication, private classical communication, andsecret key interact with one another somewhat similarly to the way thatclassical communication, quantum communication, and entanglement interact. Thispaper discusses the information-theoretic treatment of this analogy for thecase of noisy quantum channels. We determine a capacity region for a quantumchannel interacting with the noiseless resources of public classicalcommunication, private classical communication, and secret key. We then comparethis region with the classical-quantum-entanglement region from our priorefforts and explicitly observe the information-theoretic consequences of thestrong correlations in entanglement and the lack of a super-dense codingprotocol in the public-private-secret-key setting. The region simplifies forseveral realistic, physically-motivated channels such as entanglement-breakingchannels, Hadamard channels, and quantum erasure channels, and we are able tocompute and plot the region for several examples of these channels.

Wilde, MM & Hsieh, M-H 2010, 'The quantum dynamic capacity formula of a quantum channel', Quantum Information Processing, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 6-1463.
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The dynamic capacity theorem characterizes the reliable communication ratesof a quantum channel when combined with the noiseless resources of classicalcommunication, quantum communication, and entanglement. In prior work, weproved the converse part of this theorem by making contact with many previousresults in the quantum Shannon theory literature. In this work, we prove thetheorem with an 'ab initio' approach, using only the most basic tools in thequantum information theorist's toolkit: the Alicki-Fannes' inequality, thechain rule for quantum mutual information, elementary properties of quantumentropy, and the quantum data processing inequality. The result is a simplifiedproof of the theorem that should be more accessible to those unfamiliar withthe quantum Shannon theory literature. We also demonstrate that the 'quantumdynamic capacity formula' characterizes the Pareto optimal trade-off surfacefor the full dynamic capacity region. Additivity of this formula simplifies thecomputation of the trade-off surface, and we prove that its additivity holdsfor the quantum Hadamard channels and the quantum erasure channel. We thendetermine exact expressions for and plot the dynamic capacity region of thequantum dephasing channel, an example from the Hadamard class, and the quantumerasure channel.

Wilde, MM, Hsieh, M-H & Babar, Z 2010, 'Entanglement-assisted quantum turbo codes', IEEE Transactions on Information Theory vol. 60, no. 2, pages 1203-1222 (February 2014), vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 1203-1222.
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An unexpected breakdown in the existing theory of quantum serial turbo codingis that a quantum convolutional encoder cannot simultaneously be recursive andnon-catastrophic. These properties are essential for quantum turbo codefamilies to have a minimum distance growing with blocklength and for theiriterative decoding algorithm to converge, respectively. Here, we show that theentanglement-assisted paradigm simplifies the theory of quantum turbo codes, inthe sense that an entanglement-assisted quantum (EAQ) convolutional encoder canpossess both of the aforementioned desirable properties. We give severalexamples of EAQ convolutional encoders that are both recursive andnon-catastrophic and detail their relevant parameters. We then modify thequantum turbo decoding algorithm of Poulin et al., in order to have theconstituent decoders pass along only 'extrinsic information' to each otherrather than a posteriori probabilities as in the decoder of Poulin et al., andthis leads to a significant improvement in the performance of unassistedquantum turbo codes. Other simulation results indicate thatentanglement-assisted turbo codes can operate reliably in a noise regime 4.73dB beyond that of standard quantum turbo codes, when used on a memorylessdepolarizing channel. Furthermore, several of our quantum turbo codes arewithin 1 dB or less of their hashing limits, so that the performance of quantumturbo codes is now on par with that of classical turbo codes. Finally, we provethat entanglement is the resource that enables a convolutional encoder to beboth non-catastrophic and recursive because an encoder acting on onlyinformation qubits, classical bits, gauge qubits, and ancilla qubits cannotsimultaneously satisfy them.

Willey, K & Gardner, A 2010, 'Investigating the capacity of self and peer assessment activities to engage students and promote learning', European Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 429-443.
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The authors have previously reported the effectiveness of using self and peer assessment to improve learning outcomes by providing opportunities to practise, assess and provide feedback on students' attribute development. Despite this work and the research of others, a significant number of students and, indeed, many academics focus on the free-rider deterrent capability of self and peer assessment, rather than its capacity to provide opportunities for developing judgement and facilitating reflection and feedback to complete the learning cycle. The advent of web-based tools such as SPARKPLUS allows the frequent and efficient implementation of self and peer assessment activities even in large classes. This article reports the results of an investigation into whether the regular use of self and peer assessment in different contexts promoted effective peer learning, increased engagement and encouraged students to learn.

Wu, C, Fattori, G, Whittaker, A & Oehlers, DJ 2010, 'Investigation of Air-Blast Effects from Spherical-and Cylindrical-Shaped Charges', International Journal of Protective Structures, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 345-362.
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Although the distributions of peak incident overpressure and impulse generated from spherical charges and cylindrical charges of the same weight can differ greatly close to the point of detonation, spherical charges are assumed for nearly all explosive-effects computations per modern standards for blast-resistant design such as UFC-3-340-02 and the soon-to-be published ASCE Standard for the Blast Protection of Buildings. A blast-testing program was performed using a reinforced concrete slab as the target to investigate the reflected peak overpressure and impulse distributions as a function of charge shape, orientation, and scaled distance. The charge shapes were cylindrical and spherical, and the charge mass varied from 0.24 to 8.0 kg. Nine pressure transducers were installed on the surface of the slab to record the distribution of pressure histories over the face of the target. A finite element model of the explosive and the target was validated using the experimental data. The validated model was then used to undertake a parametric analysis to more broadly study the effects of detonation point, ratio of charge length to charge diameter, charge orientation and standoff distance on the distribution of reflected overpressure. Numerical results are compared with predictions of UFC-3-340-02. For cylindrical charges, the ratio of charge length ( L) to diameter ( D), the orientation of the longitudinal axis of the charge, and detonation point within the charge affected the distributions of reflected peak overpressure and impulse in the immediate vicinity of the explosive. The UFC-3-340-02 underpredicts substantially the reflected peak overpressure and impulse on a target aligned with the vertical axis of a cylindrical charge with an aspect ratio of 1.0.

XIAO, C & ZHOU, J-L 2010, 'Optimized modulation of rendering parameters in volume rendering based on parallel coordinates', Application Research of Computers, pp. 12-12.

Xiao, C, Zhou, J-L & Wang, Z-Y 2010, 'Depiction of structural relationships between objects in volumetric data', Jisuanji Yingyong/ Journal of Computer Applications, vol. 30, pp. 3288-3291.

Xiao, JZ, Li, WG & Tawana, MM 2010, 'On 4R Principle in the Rehabilitation of Concrete Historic Buildings', Advanced Materials Research, vol. 133-134, pp. 985-990.
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vThe 4R principle refers to reduce, reuse, recycle and regeneration, which should be implemented in the process of concrete treatment. In terms of the special micro-structural properties and self-repairing capacity, concrete is one kind of regenerative construction materials. Through proper handlings, self-repairing (crack close-up) of concrete cracks is possible in the concrete hydration damaged region. Due to the effect of heterogeneous nucleation and subsequent crystal growth of calcium hydroxide, a better bonding strength forms interlocking the new and old concrete interfaces. A proposal on the relationship between the self-repairing, regeneration function of concrete and the rehabilitation of historic buildings is suggested, this is based on the formed process of the bonding strength of the interfaces and the function on concrete repairing. Besides the constitution and features of the microstructure of concrete, the relationship between the micro-structure and the macro-mechanical property is also investigated in this paper

Xiao, Y, Liu, B, Luo, D, Cao, L, Deng, F & Hao, Z 2010, 'Multi-agent system for customer relationship management with SVMs tool', International Journal of Intelligent Information and Database Systems, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 121-121.
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In this paper, we introduce multiple agents, knowledge discovery and data mining into customer relationship management (CRM) to set up the architecture of a multi-agent-based CRM system (MAB-CRM), and then use the SVMs-based approach to build up the decision support model which can classify the patterns obtained by the multiple agents into several decision levels, so that managers can pursue different decision-making activities according to the decision level of a pattern. Substantial experiments in the two-dimensional space show how the SVMs-based approach works. The practical problem from one Chinese company has been resolved by the SVMs-based approach. The results illustrate that this approach has an effective ability to learn the decision rules from the assessors' experience. Copyright © 2010 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Xiaohua Xia & Jiangfeng Zhang 2010, 'Geometric Steady States of Nonlinear Systems', IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 1448-1454.
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Xie, W-M, Ni, B-J, Sheng, G-P, Yu, H-Q & Yang, M 2010, 'Substrate consumption and excess sludge reduction of activated sludge in the presence of uncouplers: a modeling approach', Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, vol. 85, no. 6, pp. 2001-2008.
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Xie, W-M, Ni, B-J, Zeng, RJ, Sheng, G-P, Yu, H-Q, Song, J, Le, D-Z, Bi, X-J, Liu, C-Q & Yang, M 2010, 'Formation of soluble microbial products by activated sludge under anoxic conditions', Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, vol. 87, no. 1, pp. 373-382.
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Xing, W, Guo, W, Ngo, H-H, Cullum, P & Listowski, A 2010, 'Integration of Inorganic Micronutrients and Natural Starch Based Cationic Flocculant in Primary Treated Sewage Effluent (PTSE) Treatment', SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 619-625.
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In this study, a natural starch-based cationic flocculant (SBCF) was first evaluated using a granular activated carbon fluidized-bed bioreactor (GAC-FBBR) to treat a high strength synthetic domestic wastewater (primary treated sewage effluent) containing

Xing, W, Ngo, H-H, Guo, W, Wu, Z, Nguyen, TT, Cullum, P, Listowski, A & Yang, N 2010, 'Enhancement of the performance of anaerobic fluidized bed bioreactors (AFBBRs) by a new starch based flocculant', SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY, vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 140-146.
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In this study, laboratory-scale anaerobic fluidized bed bioreactors (AFBBRs) using granular activated carbon as bedding material were employed for treating a primary treated sewage effluent (PTSE) with or without refractory organic pollutants (ROPs). A new starch based flocculant (NSBF) combining a nature starch based cationic flocculants and trace nutrients was prepared and applied in the AFBBR. The impact of NSBF on the performance of AFBBR was mainly evaluated in terms of organic and nutrient removal and microbial activity. Membrane fouling based on critical flux was assessed when the bioreactor used as pretreatment for microfiltration. The results indicated that the addition of NSBF in AFBBR (NSBF-AFBBR) not only attained improved organic (9-10%) and nutrient removal (10-20%), higher biomass growth (3.0 gbiomass/LGAC) and net bed expansion (18 cm), but also doubled the critical flux (from 15 L/m3 h to 30 L/m3 h) in the microfiltration system. In addition, NSBF-AFBBR could retain 10% better DOC removal efficiency at different recirculation rates for treating PTSE with ROPs. When increasing organic loading rate from 21.6 kg COD/m3 d to 43.2 kg COD/m3 d, NSBF-AFBBR achieved comparatively constant organic removal of 55% whereas the efficiency in AFBBR alone decreased dramatically from 47% to 34%. Thus, NSBF could act as a performance enhancer for AFBBR. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Xu, RYD & Kemp, M 2010, 'An iterative approach for fitting multiple connected ellipse structure to silhouette', Pattern Recognition Letters, vol. 31, no. 13, pp. 1860-1867.
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In many image processing applications, the structures conveyed in the image contour can often be described by a set of connected ellipses. Previous fitting methods to align the connected ellipse structure with a contour, in general, lack a continuous solution space. In addition, the solution obtain often satisfies only a partial number of ellipses, leaving others with poor fits. In this paper, we address these two problems by presenting an iterative framework for fitting a 2D silhouettte contour to a pre-specified connected ellipses structure with a very coarse initial guess. Under the proposed framework, we first improve the initial guess by modelling the silhouette region as set of disconnected ellipses using mixture of Gaussian densities or the heuristics approaches. Then, an iterative method is applied in a similar fashion to the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) (Alshawa, 2007; Li and Griffiths, 2000; Besl and McKay, 1992) algorithm. Each iteration contains two parts: first part is to assighn all the contour points to the individual unconnected ellipses, which we refer to as the segmentation step and the second part is the non-linear least square approach that minimizes both the sum of the square distance between the countour points and ellipse's edge as well as minimizing the ellipse's vertex pair(s) distances, which we refer to as the minimization step. We illustrate the effectiveness of our menthods through experimental result on several images as well as applying the algorithm to a mini database of human upper-body images.

Xu, W, Zhu, JG, Zhang, Y, Li, Z, Li, Y, Wang, Y, Guo, Y & Li, Y 2010, 'Equivalent Circuits for Single-Sided Linear Induction Motors', IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 2410-2423.
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Single-sided linear induction motors (SLIMs) have lately been applied in transportation system traction drives, particularly in the intermediate speed range. This is because they have merits, such as the ability to exert thrust on the secondary without mechanical contact, high acceleration or deceleration, less wheel wear, small turning circle radius, and flexible road line. The theory of operation for these machines can be directly derived from rotary induction motors (RIMs). However, while the cut-open primary magnetic circuit has many inherent characteristics of the RIM equivalent circuits, several issues involving the transversal edge and longitudinal end effects and the half-filled slots at the primary ends need to be investigated. In this paper, a T-model equivalent circuit is proposed which is based on the 1-D magnetic equations of the air gap, where half-filled slots are considered by an equivalent pole number. Among the main five parameters, namely, the primary resistance, primary leakage inductance, mutual inductance, secondary resistance, and secondary inductance, the mutual inductance and the secondary resistance are influenced by the edge and end effects greatly, which can be revised by four relative coefficients, i.e., Kr, Kx, Cr, and Cx. Moreover, two-axis equivalent circuits (dq or αβ) according to the T-model equivalent circuit are obtained using the power conversion rule, which are analogous with those of the RIM in a two-axis coordinate system. The linear induction motor dynamic performance, particularly the mutual inductance and the secondary resistance, can be analyzed by the four coefficients. Experimental verification indicates that both the T-model and the new two-axis circuits are reasonable for describing the steady and dynamic performance of the SLIM. These two models can provide good guidance for the electromagnetic design and control scheme implementation for SLIM applications.

Xu, XX, Nie, FL, Zhang, JX, Zheng, W, Zheng, YF, Hu, C & Yang, G 2010, 'Corrosion and ion release behavior of ultra-fine grained bulk pure copper fabricated by ECAP in Hanks solution as potential biomaterial for contraception', Materials Letters, vol. 64, no. 4, pp. 524-527.
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Yan Hai-Feng, Yu Zhong-Yuan, Tian Hong-Da, Liu Yu-Min & Han Li-Hong 2010, 'Investigation on propagation and nonlinearity of an octagonal photonic crystal fiber', Acta Physica Sinica, vol. 59, no. 5, pp. 3273-3273.
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The finite element method is used to investigate the propagation and nonlinearity of octagonal photonic crystal fibers of total internal reflection type. We changed the structural parameters of the fibers and obtained the curves of relations about the propagation and nonlinearity. At last, we found another structure of photonic crystal fiber. It is demonstrated that it is possible to design a low-loss dispersion-flattened PCF at 1.55 micrometer wavelength. © 2010 Chin. Phys. Soc.

Yan, J, Lee, JE-Y & Seshia, AA 2010, 'Transduction Dependent Optimization of Electromechanical Parameters for Electrostatically Actuated MEMS/NEMS Resonators', Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, vol. 10, no. 11, pp. 7533-7536.
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Yan, Z, Wen, B, Wang, C, Huang, J & Huang, X 2010, 'Phase-coded interrupted continuous waves analysis, parameters design and processor design', IEICE Electronics Express, vol. 7, no. 19, pp. 1441-1446.
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Yang Wang 2010, 'Joint Random Field Model for All-Weather Moving Vehicle Detection', IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 19, no. 9, pp. 2491-2501.
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Yang, J, Wen, B, Zhang, C, Huang, X, Yan, Z & Shen, W 2010, 'A bistatic HF radar for surface current mapping', IEICE Electronics Express, vol. 7, no. 19, pp. 1435-1440.
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Yang, X, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2010, 'Adaptive pruning algorithm for least squares support vector machine classifier', SOFT COMPUTING, vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 667-680.
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As a new version of support vector machine (SVM), least squares SVM (LS-SVM) involves equality instead of inequality constraints and works with a least squares cost function. A well-known drawback in the LSSVM applications is that the sparseness is lost. In this paper, we develop an adaptive pruning algorithm based on the bottom-to-top strategy, which can deal with this drawback. In the proposed algorithm, the incremental and decremental learning procedures are used alternately and a small support vector set, which can cover most of the information in the training set, can be formed adaptively. Using this set, one can construct the final classifier. In general, the number of the elements in the support vector set is much smaller than that in the training set and a sparse solution is obtained. In order to test the efficiency of the proposed algorithm, we apply it to eight UCI datasets and one benchmarking dataset. The experimental results show that the presented algorithm can obtain adaptively the sparse solutions with losing a little generalization performance for the classification problems with no-noises or noises, and its training speed is much faster than sequential minimal optimization algorithm (SMO) for the large-scale classification problems with no-noises.

Yang, X, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2010, 'Adaptive pruning algorithm for least squares support vector machine classifier', Soft Computing, vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 667-680.
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As a new version of support vector machine (SVM), least squares SVM (LS-SVM) involves equality instead of inequality constraints and works with a least squares cost function. A well-known drawback in the LS-SVM applications is that the sparseness is lost. In this paper, we develop an adaptive pruning algorithm based on the bottom-to-top strategy, which can deal with this drawback. In the proposed algorithm, the incremental and decremental learning procedures are used alternately and a small support vector set, which can cover most of the information in the training set, can be formed adaptively. Using this set, one can construct the final classifier. In general, the number of the elements in the support vector set is much smaller than that in the training set and a sparse solution is obtained. In order to test the efficiency of the proposed algorithm, we apply it to eight UCI datasets and one benchmarking dataset. The experimental results show that the presented algorithm can obtain adaptively the sparse solutions with losing a little generalization performance for the classification problems with no-noises or noises, and its training speed is much faster than sequential minimal optimization algorithm (SMO) for the large-scale classification problems with no-noises. © Springer-Verlag 2009.

Yang, Y, Zhuang, Y, Tao, D, Xu, D, Yu, J & Luo, J 2010, 'Recognizing Cartoon Image Gestures for Retrieval and Interactive Cartoon Clip Synthesis.', IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol., vol. 20, no. 12, pp. 1745-1756.
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In this paper, we propose a new method to recognize gestures of cartoon images with two practical applications, i.e., content-based cartoon image retrieval and interactive cartoon clip synthesis. Upon analyzing the unique properties of four types of features including global color histogram, local color histogram (LCH), edge feature (EF), and motion direction feature (MDF), we propose to employ different features for different purposes and in various phases. We use EF to define a graph and then refine its local structure by LCH. Based on this graph, we adopt a transductive learning algorithm to construct local patches for each cartoon image. A spectral method is then proposed to optimize the local structure of each patch and then align these patches globally. MDF is fused with EF and LCH and a cartoon gesture space is constructed for cartoon image gesture recognition. We apply the proposed method to content-based cartoon image retrieval and interactive cartoon clip synthesis. The experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.

Yanq, T, Kecrnan, V & Cao, L 2010, 'Classification by ALH-fast algorithm', Tsinghua Science and Technology, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 275-280.
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The adaptive local hyperplane (ALH) algorithm is a very recently proposed classifier, which has been shown to perform better than many other benchmarking classifiers including support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and K-local hyperplane distance nearest neighbor (HKNN) algorithms. Although the ALH algorithm is well formulated and despite the fact that it performs well in practice, its scalability over a very large data set is limited due to the online distance computations associated with all training instances. In this paper, a novel algorithm, called ALH-Fast and obtained by combining the classification tree algorithm and the ALH, is proposed to reduce the computational load of the ALH algorithm. The experiment results on two large data sets show that the ALH-Fast algorithm is both much faster and more accurate than the ALH algorithm.

Yi Yang, Dong Xu, Feiping Nie, Shuicheng Yan & Yueting Zhuang 2010, 'Image Clustering Using Local Discriminant Models and Global Integration', IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 19, no. 10, pp. 2761-2773.
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Yin, B, Ambikairajah, E & Chen, F 2010, 'Language-Dependent Contribution Measuring and Weighting for Combining Likelihood Scores in Language Identification Systems', Journal of Signal Processing Systems, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 201-210.
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Ying Zhang, Xuemin Lin, Wenjie Zhang, Jianmin Wang & Qianlu Lin 2010, 'Effectively Indexing the Uncertain Space', IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, vol. 22, no. 9, pp. 1247-1261.
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With the rapid development of various optical, infrared, and radar sensors and GPS techniques, there are a huge amount of multidimensional uncertain data collected and accumulated everyday. Recently, considerable research efforts have been made in the field of indexing, analyzing, and mining uncertain data. As shown in a recent book on uncertain data, in order to efficiently manage and mine uncertain data, effective indexing techniques are highly desirable. Based on the observation that the existing index structures for multidimensional data are sensitive to the size or shape of uncertain regions of uncertain objects and the queries, in this paper, we introduce a novel R-Tree-based inverted index structure, named UI-Tree, to efficiently support various queries including range queries, similarity joins, and their size estimation, as well as top-k range query, over multidimensional uncertain objects against continuous or discrete cases. Comprehensive experiments are conducted on both real data and synthetic data to demonstrate the efficiency of our techniques.

Ying, M 2010, 'Quantum computation, quantum theory and AI', ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, vol. 174, no. 2, pp. 162-176.
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The main purpose of this paper is to examine some (potential) applications of quantum computation in AI and to review the interplay between quantum theory and AI. For the readers who are not familiar with quantum computation, a brief introduction to it i

Ying, M & Feng, Y 2010, 'Quantum loop programs', ACTA INFORMATICA, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 221-250.
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Loop is a powerful program construct in classical computation, but its power is still not exploited fully in quantum computation. The exploitation of such power definitely requires a deep understanding of the mechanism of quantum loop programs. In this paper, we introduce a general scheme of quantum loops and describe its computational process. The function computed by a quantum loop is defined, and a denotational semantics and a weakest precondition semantics of a quantum loop are given. The notions of termination and almost termination are proposed for quantum loops. This paper only consider the case of finite-dimensional state spaces. Necessary and sufficient conditions for termination and almost termination of a general quantum loop on any mixed input state are presented. A quantum loop is said to be (almost) terminating if it (almost) terminates on any input state. We show that a quantum loop is almost terminating if and only if it is uniformly almost terminating. It is observed that a small disturbance either on the unitary transformation in the loop body or on the measurement in the loop guard can make any quantum loop (almost) terminating, provided that some dimension restriction is satisfied. Moreover, a representation of the function computed by a quantum loop is given in terms of finite summations of matrices. To illustrate the notions and results obtained in this paper, two simple classes of quantum loop programs, one qubit quantum loops, and two qubit quantum loops defined by controlled gates, are carefully examined, and to show their expressive power, quantum loops are applied in describing quantum walks. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.

Yisgedu, TB, Chen, X, Lingam, HK, Huang, Z, Meyers, EA, Shore, SG & Zhao, J-C 2010, 'Intermolecular dihydrogen- and hydrogen-bonding interactions in diammoniumcloso-decahydrodecaborate sesquihydrate', Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications, vol. 66, no. 1, pp. m1-m3.
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Yongjian Li, Qingxin Yang, Jianguo Zhu, Zhiwei Lin, Youguang Guo & Jingfeng Sun 2010, 'Research of Three-Dimensional Magnetic Reluctivity Tensor Based on Measurement of Magnetic Properties', IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 1932-1935.
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In this paper, a method of studying the three-dimensional (3-D) reluctivity tensor by measuring 3-D vector magnetic properties of the soft magnetic composite (SMC) material is presented. The magnetic flux density B and magnetic field strength H loci under alternating and rotating magnetizations are measured by using an improved 3-D tester. The magnetic reluctivity tensor can be expressed by a second-order three-dimensional full rank matrix by means of the experimental results. Taking the off-diagonal elements into account can benefit to accurate numerical analysis of magnetic field in 3-D flux electrical machines.

Yu, JX, Qin, L & Chang, L 2010, 'Keyword Search in Relational Databases: A Survey.', IEEE Data Eng. Bull., vol. 33, pp. 67-78.

Yu, N & Ying, M 2010, 'Non-Additivity of Minimum Output p-$\mathbf{R\acute{e}nyi}$ Entropy'.
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Hastings disproved additivity conjecture for minimum output entropy by usingrandom unitary channels. In this note, we employ his approach to show thatminimum output $p-$R\'{e}nyi entropy is non-additive for$p\in(0,p_0)\cup(1-p_0,1)$ where $p_0\approx 0.2855$.

Yu, N, Chitambar, E, Guo, C & Duan, R 2010, 'Tensor rank of the tripartite state vertical bar W >(circle times n)', PHYSICAL REVIEW A, vol. 81, no. 1, pp. 1-3.
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Tensor rank refers to the number of product states needed to express a given multipartite quantum state. Its nonadditivity as an entanglement measure has recently been observed. In this Brief Report, we estimate the tensor rank of multiple copies of the tripartite state |W=13(|100+|010+|001). Both an upper bound and a lower bound of this rank are derived. In particular, it is proven that the rank of |W 2 is 7, thus resolving a previously open problem. Some implications of this result are discussed in terms of transformation rates between |Wn and multiple copies of the state |GHZ=12(|000+|111). © 2010 The American Physical Society.

Yu, N, Duan, R & Ying, M 2010, 'Optimal simulation of a perfect entangler', PHYSICAL REVIEW A, vol. 81, no. 3, pp. 1-4.
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A2 circle times 2 unitary operation is called a perfect entangler if it can generate a maximally entangled state from some unentangled input. We study the following question: How many runs of a given two-qubit entangling unitary operation are required to

Yu, X, Wang, S, Chen, D-Y, Dodd, S, Goloshevsky, A & Koretsky, AP 2010, '3D mapping of somatotopic reorganization with small animal functional MRI', NeuroImage, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 1667-1676.
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Yu, Y-H, Vo-Ky, C, Kodagoda, S & Ha, QP 2010, 'FPGA-Based Relative Distance Estimation for Indoor Robot Control Using Monocular Digital Camera', Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 714-721.
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Distance measurement methodologies based on the digital camera usually require time-consuming calibration procedures, some are even derived from complicated image processing algorithms resulting in low picture frame rates. In a dynamic camera system, due to the unpredictability of intrinsic and extrinsic parameters, odometric results are highly dependent on the quality of extra sensors. In this paper, a simple and efficient algorithm is proposed for relative distance estimation in robotic active vision by using a monocular digital camera. Accuracy of the estimation is achieved by judging the 2D perspective projection image ratio of the robot labels obtained on a TFT-LCD (Thin Film Transistor – Liquid Crystal Display) monitor without the need of any additional sensory cost and complicated calibration effort. Further, the proposed algorithm does not contain any trigonometric functions so that it can be easily implemented on an embedded system using the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technology. Experimental results are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique.

Yusuf, K, Nukman, Y, Yusof, TM, Dawal, SZ, Qin Yang, H, Mahlia, TMI & Tamrin, KF 2010, 'Effect of cutting parameters on the surface roughness of titanium alloys using end milling process', Scientific Research and Essays, vol. 5, no. 11, pp. 1284-1293.
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Titanium alloys have been widely used in industries, especially aerospace industries, due to their good mechanical and chemical properties. However, machining of titanium alloys involves expensive tooling cost at the expense of getting good surface roughness. This paper describes a comprehensive study of end milling of titanium alloys. The study investigated the optimum parameters that could produce significant good surface roughness whereby reducing tooling cost. It employed the Taguchi design method to optimize the surface roughness quality in a Computer Numerical Control (CNC) end mills. The control parameters were spindle speed, feed rate, depth of cut and type of end milling tool. On the other hand, the noise parameters were coolant pressure and patterns of cut. Then, an orthogonal array of L8 (27) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were carried out to identify the significant factors affecting the surface roughness. The best parameters were then chosen based on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The experimental results indicated that the most significant factors affecting the surface roughness of Titanium alloy during end milling process were primarily the spindle speed of machine, secondly, the type of end mills tool used, thirdly, the feed rate adopted and lastly, the depth of cut chosen. © 2010 Academic Journals.

ZadJabbari, B, Wongthongtham, P & Hussain, FK 2010, 'Ontology based Approach in Knowledge Sharing Measurement', JOURNAL OF UNIVERSAL COMPUTER SCIENCE, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 956-982.
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For many years, physical asset indicators were the main evidence of an organization's successful performance. However, the situation has changed following the revolution of information technology in the knowledge-based economy and in the new ideas in eco

Zhai, X & Stewart, MG 2010, 'Structural reliability analysis of reinforced grouted concrete block masonry walls in compression', Engineering Structures, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 106-114.
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The safety and reliability of reinforced grouted concrete block masonry is not accurately known in China. The present paper develops a probabilistic model to calculate the structural reliability of typical reinforced grouted concrete block masonry walls designed to Chinese standards, loaded concentrically and eccentrically in compression. The effect of probability distribution of model error, material strengths, live load type, structural safety class, live-to-dead ratio, reinforcement ratio, discretization of wall thickness, eccentricity and load effect combination were considered when calculating the structural reliability of reinforced grouted concrete block masonry walls in compression. When using the recommended distribution of model error for typical structures the existing (design) safety levels were found to be close to the target reliability for concentric compression for second class safety grade structures which comprise the majority of building stock in China. However, the reliability-based code calibration showed that design loads could be increased and decreased by 13.6% and 16.7% for first and third class safety grade structures, respectively. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd.

Zhang, G & Lu, J 2010, 'Fuzzy bilevel programming with multiple objectives and cooperative multiple followers', JOURNAL OF GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 403-419.
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Classic bilevel programming deals with two level hierarchical optimization problems in which the leader attempts to optimize his/her objective, subject to a set of constraints and his/her followerâs solution. In modelling a real-world bilevel decision problem, some uncertain coefficients often appear in the objective functions and/or constraints of the leader and/or the follower. Also, the leader and the follower may have multiple conflicting objectives that should be optimized simultaneously. Furthermore, multiple followers may be involved in a decision problem and work cooperatively according to each of the possible decisions made by the leader, but with different objectives and/or constraints. Following our previous work, this study proposes a set of models to describe such fuzzy multi-objective, multi-follower (cooperative) bilevel programming problems. We then develop an approximation Kth-best algorithm to solve the problems.

Zhang, G, Lu, J, Montero, J & Zeng, Y 2010, 'Model, solution concept, and Kth-best algorithm for linear trilevel programming', INFORMATION SCIENCES, vol. 180, no. 4, pp. 481-492.
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Trilevel programming refers to hierarchical optimization problems in which the top-level, middle-level, and bottom-level decision entities all attempt to optimize their individual objectives, but are impacted by the actions and partial control exercised by decision entities located at other levels. To solve this complex problem, in this study first we propose the use of a general linear trilevel programming (LTLP) subsequently, we develop a trilevel Kth-best algorithm to solve LTLP problems. A user-friendly trilevel decision support tool is also developed. A case study further illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Zhang, H, Yuan, X, Jin, P-F, Hou, J-F, Wang, W, Wei, Y-J & Hu, S 2010, 'Alteration of Parasympathetic/Sympathetic Ratio in the Infarcted Myocardium After Schwann Cell Transplantation Modified Electrophysiological Function of Heart', Circulation, vol. 122, no. 11_suppl_1.
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Background— Neural remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) may cause fatal ventricular arrhythmia. Schwann cells (SCs), which are important for neurogenesis, are dramatically reduced after MI. We investigated the feasibility of modifying nervous system regeneration after MI and the efficacy by which it may prevent ventricular arrhythmia following SC transplantation. Methods and Results— Immediately after creation of MI, syngenic Lewis rats were randomized into cell transplantation (n=80) and control groups (n=72). SCs were isolated from sciatic nerves, and 5×10 6 cells were intramyocardially injected into the infarct region. Expression levels of myocardial nerve growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, growth-associated protein 43, connexin 43, and laminin in the SC group were significantly higher than control at 7 and 14 days after cell transplantation. Immunohistochemical staining illustrated increases in sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves in both groups. However, SC transplantation significantly increased the parasympathetic/sympathetic ratio at 14 days after cell injection. Dynamic electrocardiography and programmed electric stimulation were also performed. The SCs significantly decreased the low-/high-frequency ratio and arrhythmia score of programmed electric stimulation-induced ventricular arrhythmia at 2 weeks after cell injection. However, SCs did not restore heart function. Conclusion— Transplanted SCs in the infarcted myocardium secrete multiple biological molecules, which alter the ratio of par...

Zhang, J, Moog, CH & Xia, X 2010, 'Realization of multivariable nonlinear systems via the approaches of differential forms and differential algebra', Kybernetika, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 799-830.
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In this paper differential forms and differential algebra are applied to give a new definition of realization for multivariable nonlinear systems consistent with the linear realization theory. Criteria for the existence of realization and the definition of minimal realization are presented. The relations of minimal realization and accessibility and finally the computation of realizations are also discussed in this paper.

Zhang, R, Castel, A & François, R 2010, 'Concrete cover cracking with reinforcement corrosion of RC beam during chloride-induced corrosion process', Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 415-425.
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Zhang, RJ, Castel, A & François, R 2010, 'Effect of steel corrosion pattern on RC beam performance', Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Construction Materials, vol. 163, no. 2, pp. 97-108.
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Chloride-induced corrosion in reinforced concrete leads to a reduction of the steel cross-section and deterioration of the steel–concrete bond. In this paper, experimental results are presented in order to clarify the respective influence of these degradations on beam serviceability (deflection). Pitting corrosion simulations were performed and two naturally corroded beams (14 and 23 years old) were analysed. Corrosion simulations have shown that the reduction in steel cross-section due to local pitting corrosion does not affect serviceability. Increased deflection is due to deterioration of the steel-concrete bond (reduction of concrete tension stiffening). Experimental results obtained on two corroded beams broken and analysed after 14 years and 23 years of chloride exposure showed that, during the natural chloride-induced corrosion process, the corrosion pattern evolves in relation to the corrosion cracking. Localised pitting corrosion is responsible for the initiation of corrosion cracking. Then, as the width of the cracks develops, general corrosion becomes gradually the main corrosion pattern. According to these experimental results, a mechanical model is proposed for serviceability assessment, which takes into account the evolution of the corrosion pattern from local pitting corrosion to general reinforcement corrosion.

Zhang, T, Zhang, G, Ma, J & Lu, J 2010, 'Power Distribution System Planning Evaluation by a Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Group Decision Support System', International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 474-474.
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Zhang, T, Zhang, G, Ma, J & Lu, J 2010, 'Power Distribution System Planning Evaluation by a Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Group Decision Support System', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 474-485.
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The evaluation of solutions is an important phase in power distribution system planning (PDSP) which allows issues such as quality of supply, cost, social service and environmental implications to be considered and usually involves the judgments of a group of experts. The planning problem is thus suitable for the multi-criteria group decision-making (MCGDM) method. The evaluation process and evaluation criteria often involve uncertainties incorporated in quantitative analysis with crisp values and qualitative judgments with linguistic terms; therefore, fuzzy sets techniques are applied in this study. This paper proposes a fuzzy multi-criteria group decision-making (FMCGDM) method for PDSP evaluation and applies a fuzzy multi-criteria group decision support system (FMCGDSS) to support the evaluation task. We introduce a PDSP evaluation model, which has evaluation criteria within three levels, based on the characteristics of a power distribution system. A case-based example is performed on a test distribution network and demonstrates how all the problems in a PDSP evaluation are addressed using FMCGDSS. The results are acceptable to expert evaluators.

Zhang, W, Lin, X, Zhang, Y, Pei, J & Wang, W 2010, 'Threshold-based probabilistic top-k dominating queries', The VLDB Journal, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 283-305.
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Recently, due to intrinsic characteristics in many underlying data sets, a number of probabilistic queries on uncertain data have been investigated. Top-k dominating queries are very important in many applications including decision making in a multidimensional space. In this paper, we study the problem of efficiently computing top-k dominating queries on uncertain data. We first formally define the problem. Then, we develop an efficient, threshold-based algorithm to compute the exact solution. To overcome some inherent computational deficiency in an exact computation, we develop an efficient randomized algorithm with an accuracy guarantee. Our extensive experiments demonstrate that both algorithms are quite efficient, while the randomized algorithm is quite scalable against data set sizes, object areas, k values, etc. The randomized algorithm is also highly accurate in practice.

Zhang, X, Jiang, Z, Wei, D, Liu, X & Wang, G 2010, 'Analysis of Casting Roll during Twin-Roll Thin Strip Casting', STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL, vol. 81, no. 9, pp. 138-141.
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In twin-roll thin strip casting, the temperature of a casting roll affects the roll thermal stress, and influences the thermal deformation, the generation of roll surface cracks, the strip shape and the service life of the casting roll. In this paper, the features of the clad materials of the casting roll have been analysed, the effect of the clad thickness on the temperature field and thermal stress of casting roll has been simulated and discussed. The results show that the thick clad results in the increase of thermal resistance and then causes higher surface temperature of the clad layer, but lower temperature of copper roll sleeve. The heat expansion of the clad layer increases when the clad thickness decreases. The developed temperature model of the casting roll is helpful in optimising the design of the casting roll during twin-roll thin strip casting.

Zhang, Y, Lin, X, Yuan, Y, Kitsuregawa, M, Zhou, X & Yu, JW 2010, 'Duplicate-Insensitive Order Statistics Computation over Data Streams', IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 493-507.
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Duplicates in data streams may often be observed by the projection on a subspace and/or multiple recordings of objects. Without the uniqueness assumption on observed data elements, many conventional aggregates computation problems need to be further investigated due to their duplication-sensitive nature. In this paper, we present novel, space-efficient, one-scan algorithms to continuously maintain duplicate-insensitive order sketches so that rank-based queries can be approximately processed with a relative rank error guarantee \epsilon in the presence of data duplicates. Besides the space efficiency, the proposed algorithms are time-efficient and highly accurate. Moreover, our techniques may be immediately applied to the heavy hitter problem against distinct elements and to the existing fault-tolerant distributed communication techniques. A comprehensive performance study demonstrates that our algorithms can support real-time computation against high-speed data streams. © 2010 IEEE.

Zhang, Z, Fu, Q & Huang, J 2010, 'A Simple Way for Synthesis of Alkyne‐Telechelic Poly(methyl methacrylate) via Single Electron Transfer Radical Coupling Reaction', Chinese Journal of Chemistry, vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 1327-1330.
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AbstractThe telechelic α,ω‐alkyne‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (alkyne‐PMMA‐alkyne) was synthesized by single electron transfer radical coupling (SETRC) reaction of α‐alkyne, ω‐bromine‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (alkyne‐ PMMA‐Br). The propargyl 2‐bomoisobutyrate (PgBiB) was first prepared to initiate atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methyl methacrylate at 45°C using CuCl/1,1,4,7,10,10‐hexamethyl triethylenetetramine (HMTETA) as homogeneous catalytic system. Then the SETRC reaction was conducted at room temperature in the presence of nascent Cu(0) and N,N,N′,N′ ′,N′ ′‐pentamethyldiethyllenetriamine (PMDETA). The precursor alkyne‐PMMA‐Br and coupled product alkyne‐PMMA‐alkyne were characterized by GPC and 1H NMR in detail.

Zhang, Z, Kodagoda, S, Ruiz, D, Katupitiya, J & Dissanayake, G 2010, 'Classification of Bidens in wheat farms', International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology, vol. 39, no. 1/2/3, pp. 123-123.
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Zhang, Z, Kodagoda, S, Ruiz, D, Katupitiya, J & Dissanayake, G 2010, 'Classification of Bidens in wheat farms', International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology, vol. 39, no. 1/2/3, pp. 123-123.
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Bidens pilosa L. (commonly known as cobbler’s peg) is an annual broad leaf weed widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world and is reported to be a weed of 31 crops, including wheat. Automatic detection of Bidens in wheat farms is a non-trivial problem due to their similarity in colour and presence of occlusions. This paper proposes a methodology which could be used to discriminate Bidens from wheat to be used in operations such as autonomous weed destruction. A spectrometer is used to analyse the optical properties of Bidens and wheat leaves while achieving high classification results. However, due to the practical constraints of using spectrometers, a colour camera-based technique is proposed. It is shown that the colour-based segmentation followed by shape-based validation algorithm gives rise to high detection rates with lower false detections. We have experimentally evaluated the algorithm with Bidens detection rate of 80% and a false alarm rate of 10%. © 2010 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Zhao, B-H, Mu, Y, Dong, F, Ni, B-J, Zhao, J-B, Sheng, G-P, Yu, H-Q, Li, Y-Y & Harada, H 2010, 'Dynamic Modeling the Anaerobic Reactor Startup Process', Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 49, no. 16, pp. 7193-7200.
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Zhao, HY, Xu, XX, Zhang, JX, Zheng, W & Zheng, YF 2010, 'Carbon nanotube–hydroxyapatite–hemoglobin nanocomposites with high bioelectrocatalytic activity', Bioelectrochemistry, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 124-129.
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Zhao, L & Li, J 2010, 'Mining for the antibody-antigen interacting associations that predict the B cell epitopes', BMC Structural Biology, vol. 10, no. Suppl 1, pp. S6-S6.
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Background. Predicting B-cell epitopes is very important for designing vaccines and drugs to fight against the infectious agents. However, due to the high complexity of this problem, previous prediction methods that focus on linear and conformational epitope prediction are both unsatisfactory. In addition, antigen interacting with antibody is context dependent and the coarse binary classification of antigen residues into epitope and non-epitope without the corresponding antibody may not reveal the biological reality. Therefore, we take a novel way to identify epitopes by using associations between antibodies and antigens. Results. Given a pair of antibody-antigen sequences, the epitope residues can be identified by two types of associations: paratope-epitope interacting biclique and cooccurrent pattern of interacting residue pairs. As the association itself does not include the neighborhood information on the primary sequence, residues' cooperativity and relative composition are then used to enhance our method. Evaluation carried out on a benchmark data set shows that the proposed method produces very good performance in terms of accuracy. After compared with other two structure-based B-cell epitope prediction methods, results show that the proposed method is competitive to, sometimes even better than, the structure-based methods which have much smaller applicability scope. Conclusions. The proposed method leads to a new way of identifying B-cell epitopes. Besides, this antibody-specified epitope prediction can provide more precise and helpful information for wet-lab experiments. © 2010 Li and Zhao; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Zhao, Y-S, Liu, Z-F, Cai, L-G, Yang, W-T, Yang, J & Luo, Z 2010, 'Study of control for the automated clutch of an automated manual transmission vehicle based on rapid control prototyping', Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, vol. 224, no. 4, pp. 475-487.
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Owing to external disturbances, parameter uncertainty, and measurement noise, it has been a challenging task to develop an appropriate controller for the automated clutch system. This paper proposes a new method for electromechanical clutch position control systems. First, a non-linear dynamic model for the screw-nut actuator associated with a clutch is derived, and then a dynamic sliding-mode controller with fuzzy adaptive tuning is developed. The fuzzy adaptive tuning arithmetic is used to improve the robustness and stability of the controller. At the same time, the chattering phenomenon is alleviated by adopting the proposed controller. Based on dSPACE and MATLAB—Simulink, the rapid control prototyping of the automated clutch is used as a method to demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed algorithm.

Zheng, W, Zhao, HY, Zhang, JX, Zhou, HM, Xu, XX, Zheng, YF, Wang, YB, Cheng, Y & Jang, BZ 2010, 'A glucose/O2 biofuel cell base on nanographene platelet-modified electrodes', Electrochemistry Communications, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 869-871.
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Zheng, W, Zhao, HY, Zhou, HM, Xu, XX, Ding, MH & Zheng, YF 2010, 'Electrochemistry of bilirubin oxidase at carbon nanotubes', Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 249-254.
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Zhong, W, Pan, W, Kwok, JT & Tsang, IW 2010, 'Incorporating the Loss Function Into Discriminative Clustering of Structured Outputs', IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, vol. 21, no. 10, pp. 1564-1575.
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Clustering using the Hilbert Schmidt independence criterion (CLUHSIC) is a recent clustering algorithm that maximizes the dependence between cluster labels and data observations according to the Hilbert Schmidt independence criterion (HSIC). It is unique in that structure information on the cluster outputs can be easily utilized in the clustering process. However, while the choice of the loss function is known to be very important in supervised learning with structured outputs, we will show in this paper that CLUHSIC is implicitly using the often inappropriate zero-one loss. We propose an extension called CLUHSICAL (which stands for Clustering using HSIC and loss) which explicitly considers both the output dependency and loss function. Its optimization problem has the same form as CLUHSIC, except that its partition matrix is constructed in a different manner. Experimental results on a number of datasets with structured outputs show that CLUHSICAL often outperforms CLUHSIC in terms of both structured loss and clustering accuracy.

Zhu, Y, Yang, D & Ma, H 2010, 'One-step fabrication of porous polymeric microcage via electrified jetting', Nanoscale, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 910-910.
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Zhu, Z, Guo, Y-F, Zhu, X & Xue, X 2010, 'Normalized dimensionality reduction using nonnegative matrix factorization', Neurocomputing, vol. 73, no. 10-12, pp. 1783-1793.
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In this paper, we propose an iterative normalized compression method for dimensionality reduction using non-negative matrix factorization (NCMF). To factorize the instance matrix X into C×M, an objective function is defined to impose the normalization constraints to the basis matrix C and the coefficient matrix M. We argue that in many applications, instances are often normalized in one way or the other. By integrating data normalization constraints into the objective function and transposing the instance matrix, one can directly discover relations among different dimensions and devise effective and efficient procedure for matrix factorization. In the paper, we assume that feature dimensions in instance matrix are normalized, and propose an iterative solution NCMF to achieve rapid matrix factorization for dimensionality reduction. As a result, the basis matrix can be viewed as a compression matrix and the coefficient matrix becomes a mapping matrix. NCMF is simple, effective, and only needs to initialize the mapping matrix. Experimental comparisons on text, biological and image data demonstrate that NCMF gains 21.02% computational time reduction, 39.60% sparsity improvement for mapping matrix, and 8.59% clustering accuracy improvement. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.

Zihlif, M, Catchpoole, DR, Stewart, BW & Wakelin, LPG 2010, 'Effects of DNA minor groove binding agents on global gene expression', Cancer Genomics and Proteomics, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 323-330.
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The capacity of two minor groove binding agents that differ in their DNA sequence selectivity to modulate gene expression in human leukaemia cells was investigated. The chosen compounds were the chromomycin A3, a GC selective minor groove binder, and alkamin, an AT selective minor groove binder. As revealed by DNA microarray analysis of 6000 genes, at equitoxic doses, 5×IC 50 values for growth inhibition, the two drugs disturbed transcription, resulting in both up- and down-regulation of many hundreds of genes, 24 h after drug exposure. Direct comparisons between the most affected genes and also the cluster analysis indicated a relatively low degree of similarity between the tow expression profiles. Moreover, the ontological and the pathway responses also indicated a distinguished biological responses. Chromomycin treatment was characterized by many negative impacts on the important cellular functions and by the activation for those functions that usually take the cells towards apoptosis. In the second biological profile, the domination of many positive functions might indicate that the cells were attempting to overcome and repair the alkamin assault. Examples of these functions are positive regulation of gene expression, positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic processes, the cell cycle pathway and DNA repair.

Zong, Y, Li, M-C, Xu, G-D & Zhang, Y-C 2010, 'High Dimensional Clustering Algorithm Based on Local Significant Units', Journal of Electronics & Information Technology, vol. 32, no. 11, pp. 2707-2712.
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High dimensional clustering algorithm based on equal or random width density grid cannot guarantee high quality clustering results in complicated data sets. In this paper, a High dimensional Clustering algorithm based on Local Significant Unit (HC_LSU) is proposed to deal with this problem, based on the kernel estimation and spatial statistical theory. Firstly, a structure, namely Local Significant Unit (LSU) is introduced by local kernel density estimation and spatial statistical test; secondly, a greedy algorithm named Greedy Algorithm for LSU (GA_LSU) is proposed to quickly find out the local significant units in the data set; and eventually, the single-linkage algorithm is run on the local significant units with the same attribute subset to generate the clustering results. Experimental results on 4 synthetic and 6 real world data sets showed that the proposed high-dimensional clustering algorithm, HC_LSU, could effectively find out high quality clustering results from the highly complicated data sets.

Zong, Y, Xu, G, Zhang, Y, Jiang, H & Li, M 2010, 'A robust iterative refinement clustering algorithm with smoothing search space', Knowledge-Based Systems, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 389-396.
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Iterative refinement clustering algorithms are widely used in data mining area, but they are sensitive to the initialization. In the past decades, many modified initialization methods have been proposed to reduce the influence of initialization sensitivity problem. The essence of iterative refinement clustering algorithms is the local search method. The big numbers of the local minimum points which are embedded in the search space make the local search problem hard and sensitive to the initialization. The smaller number of local minimum points, the more robust of initialization for a local search algorithm is. In this paper, we propose a TopDown Clustering algorithm with Smoothing Search Space (TDCS3) to reduce the influence of initialization. The main steps of TDCS3 are to: (1) dynamically reconstruct a series of smoothed search spaces into a hierarchical structure by `filling the local minimum points; (2) at the top level of the hierarchical structure, an existing iterative refinement clustering algorithm is run with random initialization to generate the clustering result; (3) eventually from the second level to the bottom level of the hierarchical structure, the same clustering algorithm is run with the initialization derived from the previous clustering result. Experiment results on 3 synthetic and 10 real world data sets have shown that TDCS3 has significant effects on finding better, robust clustering result and reducing the impact of initialization.

Abbo, AJ, Sheng, DC & Sloan, SW 1970, 'Applications of Adaptive Time Stepping in Analysis of Biot Consolidation', Soil Behavior and Geo-Micromechanics, GeoShanghai International Conference 2010, American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 8-13.
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The accuracy of finite element solutions for the consolidation of porous media is influenced by the number and size of the time increments used in the analysis. A solution algorithm for adaptively selecting time increments for the solution of elastic and elastoplastic coupled consolidation problems in finite element analysis has been developed by Sloan and Abbo (1999). By treating the governing consolidation relations as a system of 1st-order differential equations their algorithm utilized subincrementation to automatically adjust the size of time increments used in the analysis. Unlike other time stepping schemes, the procedure adjusts the time increments in order to control the error due to time stepping to lie near a specified tolerance. The algorithm was shown to be robust and to provide an efficient method for the solution of consolidation problems. In this paper the efficiency of the algorithm is further demonstrated through the analysis of the construction of an embankment on a deep layer of soft soil. The time increments required for the efficient and accurate analysis of the consolidation of porous media are shown to differ by orders of magnitude. © 2010 ASCE.

Abed, HE, Margner, V & Blumenstein, M 1970, 'International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (ICFHR 2010) - Competitions Overview', 2010 12th International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, 2010 International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (ICFHR), IEEE, pp. 703-708.
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The great success and high number of participants in pattern recognition related competitions last years show an important improvement of recognition and classification approaches. This success is unconceivable without the availability of huge datasets of real world data. We have invited for proposals for competitions to be held in the framework of the 12th International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (ICFHR2010). These competitions should aim at evaluating the performance of algorithms and methods for a particular task of Handwriting Recognition. Eight different teams composed of more than one group have submitted their proposals. The subjects of these propositions cover the field of research of handwriting recognition from pre-processing over handwritten document analysis to handwriting text/word recognition. These competitions represent an overview of current research topics and frontiers in handwriting document analysis and recognition. Only 5 competitions have received enough participants (we have defined the threshold to 3 systems) to present their evaluation at the ICFHR 2010. This paper presents the 8 competition proposals with lists of competition organizers and lists of participating systems and approaches. © 2010 IEEE.

Abeysuriya, K, Fam, DM, Hagare, P & Williams, J 1970, 'Transitioning to sustainable sanitation through cross disciplinary, practice-based research: an on-campus pilot of urine diversion at UTS', The 10th international conference of Australasian campuses towards sustainability (ACTS Inc): connecting curriculum and campus, International conference of Australasian campuses towards sustainability, RMIT, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1-8.
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Waterborne sanitation using flushing toilets and sewer networks has been recognised as the most important medical milestone for its transformational impact on urban public health since the 19th century (Ferriman 2007). While this model of urban sanitation has become the accepted norm for the industrialised world, its cost and resource-intensive nature is increasingly recognised as unsustainable. Several alternative models offering improved sustainability through greater material efficiency have emerged (West 2003). One of these is urine diversion (UD), the topic of this paper.

Adeli, A & Neshat, M 1970, 'A Fuzzy Expert System for heart disease diagnosis', Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2010, IMECS 2010, pp. 134-139.
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The aim of this study is to design a Fuzzy Expert System for heart disease diagnosis. The designed system based on the V.A. Medical Center, Long Beach and Cleveland Clinic Foundation data base. The system has 13 input fields and one output field. Input fields are chest pain type, blood pressure, cholesterol, resting blood sugar, maximum heart rate, resting electrocardiography (ECG), exercise, old peak (ST depression induced by exercise relative to rest), thallium scan, sex and age. The output field refers to the presence of heart disease in the patient. It is integer valued from 0 (no presence) to 4 (distinguish presence (values 1, 2, 3, 4)). This system uses Mamdani inference method. The results obtained from designed system are compared with the data in upon database and observed results of designed system are correct in 94%. The system designed in Matlab software. The system can be viewed as an alternative for existing methods to distinguish of heart disease presence.

Aguilera, R, Quevedo, D & Lezana, P 1970, 'Predictive control of an Asymmetric Multicell Converter with floating cells', 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE 2010), IEEE, Bari, ITALY, pp. 3165-3170.
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Aguilera, RP & Quevedo, DE 1970, 'On stability of Finite Control Set MPC strategy for Multicell Converters', 2010 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology, 2010 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology, IEEE, pp. 1277-1282.
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Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control has emerged as a promising control technique for Power Converters due to the fact that the inherent non-linearity of these systems can be taken into account. In addition, this strategy directly provides the switching action to be applied to the converter; consequently, additional modulation stages are not required. Despite these advantages, stability for this class of predictive control technique remains as an open problem. In the present work, we provide insights into the closed-loop stability for the Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control. As an illustrative example, we apply these stability guidelines to a Multicell Converter. ©2010 IEEE.

Ahmad, A, Huang, S & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Accurate large-scale bearing-only SLAM by map joining', Proceedings of the 2010 Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, ACRA 2010, Proceedings of the Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, pp. 1-10.
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This paper presents a bearing-only SLAM algorithm that generates accurate and consistent maps of large environments by joining a series of small local maps. The local maps are built by least squares optimization with a proper landmark initialization technique. The local maps are then combined to build global map using Iterated Sparse Local Submap Joining Filter (I-SLSJF). The accuracy and consistency of the proposed algorithm is evaluated using simulation data sets. The algorithm is also tested using the DLR-Spatial-Cognition data set and the preprocessed Victoria Park data where the range information is ignored. The global map results are very similar to the result of full least squares optimization starting with very accurate initial values. As I-SLSJF is able to join a given set of local maps and associated uncertainties efficiently without any information loss, these results demonstrate that focusing on generating accurate local maps is a promising direction for solving large-scale bearing-only SLAM problems.

Ahmad, M, Alexandrou, I, Al-Nuaimy, W, Amavasai, BP, An, YY, Ariwa, E, Arteche, J, Audrino, F, Ayesh, A, Baber, C, Bailey, C, Balkan, N, Barria, J, Bartosova, J, Benkrid, K, Bleijs, H, Bluck, M, Bose, I, Bouzas, PR, Braiden, PM, Brdys, M, Burriesci, G, Cannataro, M, Carvalho, A, Chang, CC, Chen, D, Chen, GG, Chen, YS, Chiclana, F, Cooke, A, Das, DB, Davis, DN, Dayoub, I, Deb, S, Demetriou, IC, Devai, F, Dilmaghani, RS, Dini, D, Drikakis, D, Durkan, C, Durodola, J, Etebar, K, Fenn, P, Figueiredo, A, Florou, G, Freear, S, Gabrys, B, Galbraith, GH, Gaskell, PH, Gaura, E, Ge, ZQ, Ghafouri-Shiraz, H, Ghavami, M, Giannopoulos, K, Gonzalez, REP, Gracia, AM, Grecos, C, Guan, L, Gulpinar, N, Guo, R, Guo, Y, Hardalupas, Y, He, L, Herrero, JR, Hicks, BJ, Hines, EL, Hodgson, S, Horsfall, A, Hosein, P, Hu, F, Hu, H, Ijomah, W, Ming, J, James, A, Jancovic, P, Jhumka, A, Kamareddine, F, Kannan, R, Karsligil, ME, Katircioglu, ST, Khalid, A, Kokossis, A, Kontis, K, Kulekci, MO, Laukaitis, A, Leeson, M, Limbachiya, MC, Li, L, Li, L, Lin, P, Ling, WK, Macias Lopez, EM, Lovas, T, Luglio, M, Mainardi, S, Mahanti, PK, Marinos, I, Maropoulos, P, Mativenga, P & Mavrommatis, G 1970, 'WCE 2010 - World Congress on Engineering 2010: Preface', WCE 2010 - World Congress on Engineering 2010.

Al- Hassan, MW, Lu, H & Lu, J 1970, 'A FRAMEWORK FOR DELIVERING PERSONALIZED E-GOVERNMENT TOURISM SERVICES', Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Web Information Systems and Technology, 6th International Conference on Web Information Systems and Technologies, SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, Valencia, Spain, pp. 263-270.
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E-government (e-Gov) has become one of the most important parts of government strategies. Significant efforts have been devoted to e-Gov tourism services in many countries because tourism is one of the major profitable industries. However, the current e-Gov tourism services are limited to simple online presentation of tourism information. Intelligent e-Gov tourism services, such as the personalized e-Gov (Pe-Gov) tourism services, are highly desirable for helping users decide âwhere to go, and what to do/see❠amongst massive number of destinations and enormous attractiveness and activities. This paper proposes a framework of Pe-Gov tourism services using recommender system techniques and semantic ontology. This framework has the potential to enable tourism information seekers to locate the most interesting destinations with the most suitable activities with the least search efforts. Its workflow and some outstanding features are depicted with an example.

AlAamri, H, Abolhasan, M, Wysocki, T & Lipman, J 1970, 'On Optimising Route Discovery for Multi-interface and Power-Aware Nodes in Heterogeneous MANETs', 2010 6th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications, 2010 6th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications (ICWMC), IEEE, Valencia, pp. 244-249.
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This paper presents a new routing discovery strategy for heterogeneous MANETs. Node heterogeneity is modeled in terms of: types and number of different interfaces, power, and transmission ranges. Our proposed route discovery algorithm is implemented on the top of On-demand Tree-based Routing Protocol (OTRP) and hence it is called OTRP Heterogeneity-Aware (OTRP-HA). OTRP-HA utilizes node heterogeneity and optimizes route discovery to reduce overheads and ensures connectivities between different types of nodes with different interfaces. Each node makes its own decision to participate in the route discovery process according to its location, local density, and available resources. Simulation results show that OTRP-HA outperforms OTRP and AODV and it reduces overheads as a number of nodes and traffic increase, while it also further prolongs the lifetime of battery-powered single-interface nodes when compared to AODV. © 2010 IEEE.

Alqahtani, A, Lu, H & Lu, J 1970, 'Towards Semantic-Aware and Ontology-Based e-Government Service Integration - An Applicative Case Study of Saudi Arabia's King Abdullah Scholarship Program', ADVANCES IN INTELLIGENT DECISION TECHNOLOGIES, The Second KES International Symposium IDT, Springer-Verlag, Baltimore, USA, pp. 403-411.
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By improving the quality of e-government services by enabling access to services across different government agencies through one portal, services integration plays a key role in e-government development. This paper proposes a conceptual framework of ontology based e-government service integration, using Saudi Arabia's King Abdullah Scholarship Program (SAKASP) as a case study. SAKASP is a multi-domain program in which students must collect information from various Ministries to complete applications and the administering authority must verify the information supplied by the Ministries. The current implementation of SAKASP is clumsy because it is a mixture of online submission and manual collection and verification of information; its time-consuming and tedious procedures are inconvenient for the applicants and inefficient for the administrators. The proposed framework provides an integrated service by employing semantic web service (SWS) and ontology, improving the current implementation of SAKASP by automatically collecting and processing the related information for a given application. The article includes a typical scenario that demonstrates the workflow of the framework. This framework is applicable to other multi-domain e-government services.

Anaissi, A, Kennedy, PJ & Goyal, M 1970, 'A framework for high dimensional data reduction in the microarray domain', 2010 IEEE Fifth International Conference on Bio-Inspired Computing: Theories and Applications (BIC-TA), 2010 IEEE Fifth International Conference on Bio-Inspired Computing: Theories and Applications (BIC-TA), IEEE, Changsha, China, pp. 903-907.
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Microarray analysis and visualization is very helpful for biologists and clinicians to understand gene expression in cells and to facilitate diagnosis and treatment of patients. However, a typical microarray dataset has thousands of features and a very small number of observations. This very high dimensional data has a massive amount of information which often contains some noise, non-useful information and small number of relevant features for disease or genotype. This paper proposes a framework for very high dimensional data reduction based on three technologies: feature selection, linear dimensionality reduction and non-linear dimensionality reduction. In this paper, feature selection based on mutual information will be proposed for filtering features and selecting the most relevant features with the minimum redundancy. A kernel linear dimensionality reduction method is also used to extract the latent variables from a high dimensional data set. In addition, a non-linear dimensionality reduction based on local linear embedding is used to reduce the dimension and visualize the data. Experimental results are presented to show the outputs of each step and the efficiency of this framework.

Anand, S, Engelbrecht, A & McGloin, D 1970, 'Generation of optofluidic microchannels in ice', SPIE Proceedings, SPIE Photonics Europe, SPIE, pp. 771624-771624.
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Apkarian, P & Tuan, HD 1970, 'Nonsmooth &#x03BC; synthesis', 2010 11th International Conference on Control Automation Robotics & Vision, Vision (ICARCV 2010), IEEE, Singapore, SINGAPORE, pp. 917-922.
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Ardalany, M, Deam, B, Fragiacomo, M & Crews, K 1970, 'Tension perpendicular to grain strength of wood, Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) and Cross-Banded LVL (LVL-C)', Incorporating Sustainable Practice in Mechanics of Structures and Materials - Proceedings of the 21st Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials (ACMSM21), Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, CRC Press, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 891-896.
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Recent experimental tests carried out on structural timber members have highlighted the importance of tension perpendicular to grain strength, particularly in beams with holes and notches, in connection regions, in curved beams, and in post-tensioned timber frames, Innovative engineered wood products such as Cross Banded Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL-C) have been introduced into the market specifically to improve the perpendicular to grain properties of normal Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL), This paper reports on tests that were performed at the University of Canterbury using specimens of sawn timber Radiata Pine, LVL and LVL-C. The perpendicular to grain tension strengths of LVL was generally lower than those for sawn timber, but the LVL-C showed a significantly improved strength. The paper also compares the experimental results with strengths predicted using both coupled elastic Finite Element Method (FEM) and Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) models. These models were found to predict the average strength with reasonable accuracy.

Azadeh, A, Neshat, N & Saberi, M 1970, 'An intelligent approach for improved predictive control of spray drying process', 2010 IEEE 14th International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems, 2010 IEEE 14th International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems, IEEE, pp. 127-136.
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A flexible meta modelling approach is presented to predictive control of a drying process using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis. In the proposed approach, the PLS analysis is used to pre-process actual data and to provide the necessary background to apply ANN and ANFIS approaches. A reasonable section of this study is assigned to the modelling with aim at predicting the granule particle size and executing by ANFIS and ANN. ANN hold the promise of being capable of producing non-linear models, being able to work under noise conditions and being fault tolerant to the loss of neurons or connections. Also, the ANFIS approach combines the advantages of fuzzy system and artificial neural network to design architecture and is capable of dealing with both limitation and complexity in the data set. The efficiencies of ANFIS and ANN approaches in prediction are compared and the superior approach is selected. Finally, by deploying the preferred approach, several scenarios are presented to estimate the predictive control of spray drying as an accurate, fast running and inexpensive tool. This is the first study that presents a flexible intelligent approach for predictive control of drying process by ANN, ANFIS and PLS. The approach of this study may be easily applied to other drying process. © 2010 IEEE.

Babar, A, Zowghi, D & Chew, E 1970, 'Using goals to model strategy map for business IT alignment', CEUR Workshop Proceedings, International Workshop on Business/IT Alignment and Interoperability, CEUR-WS.org/WorldPress, Hammamet, Tunisia, pp. 16-30.
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Strategy Map (SM) is one of the widely used methods to create business aligned IT strategy map providing valuable insights to business executives. However, problem with strategy map method is that it is not easy to use which can lend itself to various interpretations. This is because linkages between the strategic objectives in the four strategy map perspectives are not explicit which makes SM ambiguous. Goal modelling approaches from Requirements Engineering (RE) have proven rigorous in elicitation and representation of information system requirements. In an attempt to make explicit the causal relationships of SM linkages meaningful this research proposes the use of goal modelling approach i*.

Baig, D-E-Z, Su, H, Cheng, TM, Savkin, AV, Su, SW, Celler, BG & IEEE 1970, 'Modeling of Human Heart Rate Response during Walking, Cycling and Rowing', 2010 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC), IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Annual Conference, The Printing House, Inc., Buenos Aires, Argentina, pp. 2553-2556.
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The aim of this paper is to study the human Heart Rate (HR) response during walking, cycling and rowing exercises using linear time varying (LTV) models. We used the frequency of exercise locomotion as the input to the model. This frequency characterizes the stride rate, cadence rate and strokes rate of the walking, cycling and rowing exercises respectively. The time varying parameters in the LTV models were estimated by the Kalman Filter (KF). The results in this study demonstrate that HR responses to these exercises exhibit some degree of time varying nature. © 2010 IEEE.

Bakker, S, van den Berg, R, Pijnappel, S & van den Hoven, E 1970, 'Sounds Like Home: Sonification and Physical Interaction in the Periphery and Center of the Attention', Proceedings of ISon 2010 - Interactive Sonification Workshop: Human Interaction with Auditory Displays, ISon 2010 3rd International Interactive Sonification Workshop, KTH School of Computer Science and Communication (CSC), Stockholm, Sweden, pp. 55-58.
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Our auditory perception skills enable us to selectively place one auditory channel in the center of our attention and simultaneously monitor others in the periphery of our attention. In this paper, we present and discuss two design cases that explore the design of physical interactive systems that leverage this perception skill to unobtrusively communicate relevant information. Sounds are mechanically generated by these systems, which strengthens the coupling between signification and physical interface. Both resulting designs are aimed to be used in a home environment.

Bakker, S, van den Hoven, E & Eggen, B 1970, 'Exploring Interactive Systems Using Peripheral Sounds', HAPTIC AND AUDIO INTERACTION DESIGN, The 5th InternationalWorkshop on Haptic and Audio Interaction Design, Springer-Verlag, Copenhagen, Denmark., pp. 55-64.
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Our everyday interaction in and with the physical world, has facilitated the development of auditory perception skills that enable us to selectively place one auditory channel in the center of our attention and simultaneously monitor others in the periphery. We search for ways to leverage these auditory perception skills in interactive systems. In this paper, we present three working demonstrators that use sound to subtly convey information to users in an open office. To qualitatively evaluate these demonstrators, each of them has been implemented in an office for three weeks. We have seen that such a period of time, sounds can start shifting from the center to the periphery of the attention. Furthermore, we found several issues to be addressed when designing such systems, which can inform future work in this area.

Ball, JE & Ara, J 1970, 'Improvements and application of 1D river network transient flow model with Junction Water Stage Iteration Method', Environmental Hydraulics - Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Environmental Hydraulics, International Symposium On Environmental Hydraulics, CRC Press, Athens, Greece, pp. 1031-1036.
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Within Australia, Gross Pollutant Traps (GPTs) have been installed in many stormwater drainage networks to improve the storm water quality before its discharge into receiving waters. These GPTs operate by filtering gross pollutants from the stormwater. In many GPTs these filtered pollutants are held within a wet sump until their removal. A significant fraction of the trapped litter can be classified as leaf litter. Before removal, this leaf litter may decay and hence has the potential to release nutrients into the stormwater. Therefore, nutrient management in stormwater needs to consider leaf litter decay trapped in GPTs. The decay of leaf litter stored in a GPT is discussed in the paper. Information for this discussion was obtained from a series of tests simulating the decay of leaf litter in a GPT. These tests used freshly fallen leaf litter collected from Centennial Park in Sydney, Australia. © 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

Ball, JE, Aboura, K & Dubois, DM 1970, 'A Likelihood Approach for Modeling Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Storms Using Radar and Land Data', COMPUTING ANTICIPATORY SYSTEMS, International Conference on Computing Anticipatory Systems, Australian Institute of Physics, Liege, Belgium, pp. 345-353.
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While the existing spatiotemporal approaches provide an estimation of the rainfall over geographical areas, they in effect provide only for an interpolation of the data. The proposed approach introduces the concept of the construction of the likelihood function of the repartition of rain over a territory using historical storm data, both radar and land data. Radar imaging and gauges data are used to build a likelihood model for the estimation and reproduction of spatial and temporal patterns of storms over catchment areas. A novel aspect of the approach is the reduction of the two dimensioned spatial characteristics of storm rainfall fields to a univariate model representation of a storm crossing the geographical area. The study and characterization of radar tracked storms over the catchment area, along with the use of land gauges data for estimation and validation, provide for the spatiotemporal analysis of the storm rainfall, with both time and space variables being univariate. This reduction in dimensionality is a departure from traditional methods where interpolation is the major approach. It allows for the construction of a probability model to explain rainfall statistics at any location. The reproduction of rainfall data for water management studies is done through the storm models. Weather can be considered infinite in its variation, and it is doubtful that any mathematical model would accurately predict rainfall. Weather prediction and its physics are ignored and the emphasis is on the development of a statistical model. Radar imaging is used to process a large amount of information from which statistics are extracted for the construction of the likelihood model. Historical trajectories of storms are looked at as a logical explanation in time for the accumulation of rainfall levels. Along with storms strengths, they provide the essential variables for the dissection and reconstruction of the rainfall process over the catchment area. This reducti...

Ball, JE, Babister, M & Phillips, B 1970, 'Estimation of Design Flood Flows Considering Climate Change', ASFPM Annual Conference: GREEN WORKS to reduce FLOOD LOSSES, GREEN WORKS to reduce FLOOD LOSSES, Association of State Floodplain Managers, Inc., Orlando, Florida, USA, pp. 203-208.
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Since the first edition of Australian Rainfall and Runoff (ARR) (The Institution of Engineers Australia, 1958), the aim of the publication has been to provide Australian designers and analysts with the best available information on estimating floods. Although previous editions in 1958, 1977, and 1987 have served the engineering profession well and have contributed to providing a sound basis for the design and analysis of works and structures that are subject to flood, the National Committee on Water Engineering of Engineers Australia believed that the many recent developments in the understanding of rainfall-runoff processes, the many new tools available for catchment simulation, and the rapidly expanding body of information about rainfall and runoff processes necessitated the production of a new edition. For the new edition, specific attention was made to the developing science of climate change and its impacts on the estimation of design flood flows. Therefore, the design of the revised document and the associated research activities necessary for development of the revised document specifically included provision for guidance on climate change.

Banissi, E, Sarfraz, M & Lin Huang, M 1970, 'Preface', 2010 Seventh International Conference on Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualization, 2010 Seventh International Conference on Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualization (CGIV), IEEE.
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Barua, B, Safaei, F, Abolhasan, M & IEEE 1970, 'On the Outage of Multihop Parallel Relay Networks', 2010 IEEE 72ND VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE FALL, IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, IEEE, Ottawa, ON, Canada, pp. 1-5.
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In this paper we analyze the outage probability of a cooperative multihop parallel relay network in Nakagami-m fading channels. The general closed form expression of the outage probability is derived both for integer and arbitrary Nakagami parameter m. We present numerical results on the performance of the network. It shows a careful configuration of the network size and power sharing between nodes can ensure optimal outage performance in the network.

Bazizi, EM, Fazzini, PF, Cristiano, F, Pakfar, A, Tavernier, C, Payet, F, Skotnicki, T, Zechner, C, Zographos, N, Matveev, D, Cowern, NEB, Bennett, NS, Ahn, C & Yoon, JC 1970, 'Transfer of physically-based models from process to device simulations: Application to advanced Strained Si/SiGe MOSFETs', 2010 International Electron Devices Meeting, 2010 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM), IEEE, pp. 15.1.1-15.1.4.
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Integrated process and device simulations were used to predict sub-45nm Strained-Si/Si0.8Ge0.2 device performance. Physically-based process models, generalized from Si to strained-Si and SiGe, describe dopant implantation and diffusion, including amorphization, defect interactions and evolution, as well as dopant-defect interactions. The models are used within a unique simulation tool to reproduce the electrical characteristics of Si/SiGe devices. ©2010 IEEE.

Behbood, V, Lu, J & Zhang, G 1970, 'Adaptive inference-based learning and rule generation algorithms in Fuzzy Neural Network for failure prediction', 2010 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Knowledge Engineering, 2010 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Knowledge Engineering (ISKE), IEEE, China, pp. 33-38.
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highly desirable for decision makers and regulators in the finance industry. This study develops a new Failure Prediction (FP) approach which effectively integrates a fuzzy logic-based adaptive inference system with the learning ability of a neural network to generate knowledge in the form of a fuzzy rule base. This FP approach uses a preprocessing phase to deal with the imbalanced data-sets problem and develops a new Fuzzy Neural Network (FNN) including an adaptive inference system in the learning algorithm along with its network structure and rule generation algorithm as a means to reduce prediction error in the FP approach.

Behbood, V, Lu, J & Zhang, G 1970, 'Intelligent financial warning support system', International Conference on Applied Statistics and Financial Mathematics, International Conference on Applied Statistics and Financial Mathematics, IOS Press, Hong Kong.

Behrens, M, Huang, S, Dissanayake, G & IEEE 1970, 'Models for pushing objects with a mobile robot using single point contact', IEEE/RSJ 2010 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS (IROS 2010), IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 2964-2969.
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In many mobile robotic manipulation tasks it is desirable to interact with the robots surroundings without actually grasping the object being manipulated. Non-prehensile manipulation allows a robot to interact in situations which would otherwise be impossible due to size or weight. This paper presents the derivation of a mathematical model of an object pushed by a single point and sliding in the presence of friction where the dynamic effects of mass and inertia are significant. This model is validated using numerical simulation. The derived dynamic model is also compared with a kinematic approximation from literature, showing that under certain conditions, the motion of a pushed object is similar to the motion of a non-holonomic vehicle. Finally, the results of experimental investigations are discussed and promising directions for further work are proposed. ©2010 IEEE.

Behrouznia, A, Saberi, M, Azadeh, A, Asadzadeh, SM & Pazhoheshfar, P 1970, 'An adaptive network based fuzzy inference system-fuzzy data envelopment analysis for gas consumption forecasting and analysis: The case of South America', 2010 International Conference on Intelligent and Advanced Systems, Advanced Systems (ICIAS 2010), IEEE, pp. 1-6.
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This paper presents an adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)-fuzzy data envelopment analysis (FDEA)) for long-term natural gas (NG) consumption forecasting and analysis. Six models are proposed to forecast annual NG demand. 104 ANFIS have been constructed and tested in order to find the best ANFIS for natural gas (NG) consumption. Two parameters have been considered in construction and examination of plausible ANFIS models. Six different membership functions and several linguistic variables are considered in building ANFIS. The proposed models consist of two input variables, namely, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Population. All trained ANFIS are then compared with respect to mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). To meet the best performance of the intelligent based approaches, data are pre-processed (scaled) and finally our outputs are post-processed (returned to its original scale). FDEA is used to examine the behavior of gas consumption. To show the applicability and superiority of the ANFIS-FDEA approach, actual gas consumption in six Southern America countries from 1980 to 2007 is considered. The gas consumption is then forecasted up to 2015. The ANFIS-FDEA approach is capable of dealing both complexity and uncertainty as well several other unique features discussed in this paper.

Ben-Aim, R, Chinu, KJ, Johir, MH, Vigneswaran, S & Kandasamy, JK 1970, 'New sources of water: Optimizing the use of membranes for their production', IWA Regional Conference and Exhibition on Membrane Technology & Water Reuse, IWA, Istabul-Turkey, pp. 1025-1027.
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In many parts of the world water stress is predicted to occur in a near future. Membrane technology can help address this issue but the use of membranes has to be optimized for obtaining suitable water quality in an acceptable economic and ecological manner. Eventually the use of membranes could introduce a shift from a centralized water management to a decentralized one. The three potential new sources of water are treated wastewater or wastewater reuse, seawater and brackish water, rainwater including stormwater.

Berglund, A & Lister, R 1970, 'Introductory Programming and the Didactic Triangle', Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series, Australasian Computing Education Conference, Australian Computer Society, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 35-44.
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In this paper, we use Kansanen's didactic triangle to structure and analyse research on the teaching and learning of programming. Students, teachers and course content are the three entities that form the corners of the didactic triangle. The edges of the triangle represent the relationships between these three entities. We argue that many computing educators and computing education researchers operate from within narrow views of the didactic triangle. For example, computing educators often teach programming based on how they relate to the computer, and not how the students relate to the computer. We conclude that, while research that focuses on the corners of the didactic triangle is sometimes appropriate, there needs to be more research that focuses on the edges of the triangle, and more research that studies the entire didactic triangle. © 2010, Australian Computer Society, Inc.

Bergman, L, Lu, J, Konuru, R, MacNaught, J & Yeh, D 1970, 'Outline Wizard: Presentation Composition and Search', IUI 2010, Proceedings of the 14th ACM International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY, PEOPLES R CHINA, Hong Kong, pp. 209-218.

Bernardo, DV & Hoang, D 1970, 'Security Analysis of the Proposed Practical Security Mechanisms for High Speed Data Transfer Protocol', ADVANCES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS, Information, Security and Assurance, Springer, Miyazaki, Japan, pp. 100-114.
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The development of next generation protocols, such as UDT (UDP-based data transfer), promptly addressess various infrastructure requirements for transmitting data in high speed networks. However, this development creates new vulnerabilities when these protocols are designed to solely rely on existing security solutions of existing protocols such as TCP and UDP. It is clear that not all security protocols (such as TLS) can be used to protect UDT, just as security solutions devised for wired networks cannot be used to protect the wired ones. The development of UDT, similarly in the development of TCP/UDP many years ago, lacked a well-thought security architecture to address the problems that networks are presently experiencing. This paper proposed and analyses practical security mechanisms for UDT.

Bernardo, DV & Hoang, DB 1970, 'End-to-End Security Methods for UDT Data Transmissions', FUTURE GENERATION INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, Future Generation Information Technology Second International Conference, Springer-Verlag, Jeju Island, Korea, pp. 383-393.
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UDT (UDP-based data transfer protocol) is one of the most promising network protocols developed for high data speed data transfer. It does not, however, have any inherent security mechanisms, and thus relies on other transport protocols to provide them.

Bernardo, DV, Hoang, DB & IEEE 1970, 'A Conceptual Approach against Next Generation Security Threats: Securing a High Speed Network Protocol - UDT', SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUTURE NETWORKS: ICFN 2010, IEEE International Conference on Future Networks, IEEE Computer Society, Sanya Hainan, pp. 367-371.
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The following topics are dealt with: computing network reliability; network security policy; wireless sensor network; routing protocol; web based intrusion detection system; network topology; BP neural network, WMAN; WDM optical network; WMAN;WDM optical network; TCP/IP networks; OFDMA relay networks; and mobile ad hoc networks.

Bharathy, G & Silverman, BG 1970, 'Validating agent based social systems models.', WSC, 2010 Winter Simulation Conference - (WSC 2010), IEEE, Baltimore, MD, pp. 441-453.
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Bian, W, Li, J & Tao, D 1970, 'Feature Extraction for fMRI-Based Human Brain Activity Recognition.', MLMI, International Workshop on Machine Learning in Medical Imaging, Springer, Beijing, China, pp. 148-156.
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Mitchell et al. [9] demonstrated that support vector machines (SVM) are effective to classify the cognitive state of a human subject based on fRMI images observed over a single time interval. However, the direct use of classifiers on active voxels veils

Biro, K, Pradhan, B, Buchroithner, M & Makescin, F 1970, 'Use of multi-temporal satellite data for land-use/land-cover change analyses and its impacts on soil properties in the northern part of Gadarif Region', Proceedings 30th EARSeL Symposium.

Biro, K, Sulieman, H, Pradhan, B & Buchroithner, M 1970, 'Land use analyses in the African Sahel: an object-oriented classification approach using TerraSAR-X data', 38th COSPAR Scientific Assembly, p. 5.

Bjarnadottir, S, Li, Y & Stewart, MG 1970, 'Evaluation of Impact of Climate Change on Hurricane Damage Risks and Adaptation Strategies', Structures Congress 2010, Structures Congress 2010, American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 1745-1756.
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This paper evaluates the potential impact of hurricane damage risks to buildings due to climate change and adaptation strategies. The analysis includes a probabilistic hurricane wind field model and a hurricane vulnerability model. There is a great uncertainty on the potential change in hurricane hazard patterns due to climate change. To represent this uncertainty and to investigate the potential impact of climate change, the paper explores the scenarios of increases of -5 to 10% in mean annual maximum wind speed over 50 years. The effects of regional development dynamics, the rate of retrofit, cost of retrofit, reduction in vulnerability after retrofit, and discount rate are investigated. This risk-cost-benefit analysis is vital in indentifying optimal and cost-effective adaption strategies to the potential adverse effects of enhanced greenhouse conditions. Miami-Dade County, Florida is used as a case study to evaluate the economic viability of various adaptation strategies. © 2010 American Society of Civil Engineers.

Bjornerem, A, Ghasem-Zadeh, A, Bui, M, Wang, X, Rantzau, C, Nguyen, TV, Hopper, JL & Seeman, E 1970, 'BONE'S STRUCTURAL DESIGN DETERMINES ITS OWN DECAY', OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL, IOF World Congress on Osteoporosis/10th European Congress on Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis, SPRINGER LONDON LTD, Florence, ITALY, pp. 117-118.

Blanc-Talon, J, Bone, D, Philips, W, Popescu, D & Scheunders, P 1970, 'Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems: 12th International Conference, ACIVS 2010, Sydney, Australia, December 13-16, 2010, Proceedings, Part I', Springer.

Blount, M, McGregor, C, James, A, Sow, D, Kamaleswaran, R, Tuuha, S, Percival, J & Percival, N 1970, 'On the integration of an artifact system and a real-time healthcare analytics system', Proceedings of the 1st ACM International Health Informatics Symposium, IHI '10: ACM International Health Informatics Symposium, ACM, pp. 647-655.
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As a result of advances in software technology, particularly stream computing, it is now possible to implement scalable systems capable of real-time analysis of multiple physiological data streams of multiple patients. There is a growing body of evidence showing that early onset indicators of some medical conditions can be observed as subtle changes in the physiological data streams of affected patients. These real-time healthcare analytics systems can detect the early onset indicators and thus may result in earlier detection of the medical condition which may lead to earlier intervention and improved patient outcomes. Blood draws and nasal suctioning can cause changes in the values of some physiological data stream elements. Such events, sometimes referred to as physiological stream artifacts can cause the real-time analytics systems to generate false alarms since the systems assume each data element is indicative the patient's underlying physiological condition. In order to minimize the generation of false alarms, artifact events must be captured and integrated in real time with the analytics result. We present the summary of an artifact study in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit within a children's hospital where a real-time analytics system is being piloted as part of a clinical research study. We utilize the information gathered relating to the nature of these events and propose a framework to integrate the artifact events with the analytic results in real time © 2010 ACM.

Blumenstein, M, Ferrer, MA & Vargas, JF 1970, 'The 4NSigComp2010 Off-line Signature Verification Competition: Scenario 2', 2010 12th International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, 2010 International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (ICFHR), IEEE, pp. 721-726.
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The objective of this competition (4NSigComp2010) is to ascertain the performance of automatic off-line signature verifiers to evaluate recent technology developments in the areas of document analysis and machine learning. The current paper focuses on the second scenario, which aims at performance evaluation of off-line signature verification systems on a newly-created large dataset that comprises genuine, simulated signatures produced by unskilled imitators or random signatures (genuine signatures from other writers). Ten systems were evaluated, and some interesting results are presented in terms of accuracy and execution time. The top ranking system attained an overall error of 8.94%. This result interestingly correlates with the top ranking accuracy achieved in a previous signature verification competition at ICDAR 2009. © 2010 IEEE.

Bogg, P, Low, G, Henderson-Sellers, B & Beydoun, G 1970, 'Work Product-driven Software Development Methodology Improvement.', ICSOFT (2), International Conference on Software and Data Technologies, SciTePress, Athens, Greece, pp. 5-13.
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A work product is a tangible artifact used during a software development project; for example, a requirements specifications or class model diagram. Towards a general approach for evaluating and potentially improving the quality of methodologies, this paper proposes utilizing a work product-based approach to method construction known as the âwork product pool❠approach to situational method engineering to accomplish this quality improvement. Starting from the final software application and identifying work product pre-requisites by working backwards through the methodology process, work product inter-dependencies are revealed. Using method fragments from a specific methodology (here, MOBMAS), we use this backward chaining approach to effectively recreate that methodology. Evaluation of the artificially recreated methodology allows the identification of missing and/or extraneous method elements and where process steps could be improved.)

Bolch, T, Pradhan, B, Peters, J & Buchroithner, M 1970, 'Identification and monitoring of potentially dangerous glacial lakes in northern Tien Shan (Kazakhstan/Kyrgyzstan) using geoinformation techniques', EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, p. 13168.

Bone, D, Philips, W, Popescu, D & Scheunders, P 1970, 'Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems', Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

Boustedt, J, McCartney, R, Tenenberg, J, Gehringer, EF, Lister, R & Musicant, D 1970, 'It seemed like a good idea at the time', Proceedings of the 41st ACM technical symposium on Computer science education, SIGCSE10: The 41st ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education, ACM, pp. 558-559.
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We often learn of successful pedagogical experiments, but we seldom hear of the the ones that failed. For this special session we solicited submissions from the SIGCSE membership, selected the best from among these, and will have presentations at the session by the selected authors. Our contributions describe pedagogical approaches that seemed to be good ideas but turned out as failures. Contributors will describe their pedagogical experiment, the rationale for the experiment, evidence of failure, and lessons learned.

Brady, F & Dyson, LE 1970, 'A Comparative Study of Mobile Technology Adoption in Remote Australia', Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Cultural Attitudes towards Technology and Communication, International Conference on Cultural Attitudes towards Technology and Communication, School of Information Systems, Murdoch University, Vancouver, Canada, pp. 69-83.
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The paper presents a comparative study of mobile technology adoption and use by two communities - one Aboriginal and the other non-Aboriginal - both located in a remote region of Australia, the Bloomfield River Valley of Cape York. Both communities have high levels of ownership of mobile phones relative to, on the one hand, the low uptake of other leT such as fixed-line phones by the Aboriginal community at Wujal Wujal and, on the other hand, the poor mobile coverage in the non-Aboriginal community at Bloomfield. For both groups communication is of paramount importance, followed by listening to music. In addition, the Aboriginal community make extensive use of other multimedia and Internet features of their devices. Key factors in the motivation to acquire mobile phones, in comparison to other ICT, are the superior cost management that mobiles offer for Aboriginal people and the convenience of being able to communicate while away from home for Bloomfield residents. The authors conclude that mobile technology needs to be taken seriously, even in areas of limited coverage such as the Bloomfield River Valley.

Bremner, MJ 1970, 'Classical simulation of commuting quantum computations implies collapse of the polynomial hierarchy', 10th Asian Conference on Quantum Information Science, Tokyo, Japan.
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The 10th Asian Conference on Quantum Information Science (AQIS'10) is a meeting focused on quantum information science and technology. Since this is a new interdisciplinary field, its broad scope includes advances in various fields such as quantum physics, computer science, mathematics and information technologies. This event is the memorable tenth conference which builds upon a successful series of EQIS'01-05 and AQIS'06-09 conferences. It will comprise tutorials and presentations of invited speakers, selected papers and posters. Areas of coverage include but are not limited to: Quantum computation, algorithms and complexity Quantum information theory Quantum error-correction and fault-tolerance, thresholds Quantum cryptography Quantum communications experiments and theory Quantum optics, NMR and solid-state technologies Quantum processors and computers design Quantum programming languages and semantics AQIS'10 will be held at the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Bródka, P, Musial, K & Kazienko, P 1970, 'A Method for Group Extraction in Complex Social Networks', Communications in Computer and Information Science, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 238-247.
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The extraction of social groups from social networks existing among employees in the company, its customers or users of various computer systems became one of the research areas of growing importance. Once we have discovered the groups, we can utilise them, in different kinds of recommender systems or in the analysis of the team structure and communication within a given population. The shortcomings of the existing methods for community discovery and lack of their applicability in multi-layered social networks were the inspiration to create a new group extraction method in complex multi-layered social networks. The main idea that stands behind this new concept is to utilise the modified version of a measure called by authors multi-layered clustering coefficient. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.

Budka, M & Gabrys, B 1970, 'Correntropy-based density-preserving data sampling as an alternative to standard cross-validation', The 2010 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), 2010 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), IEEE, pp. 1-8.
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Estimation of the generalization ability of a predictive model is an important issue, as it indicates expected performance on previously unseen data and is also used for model selection. Currently used generalization error estimation procedures like cross-validation (CV) or bootstrap are stochastic and thus require multiple repetitions in order to produce reliable results, which can be computationally expensive if not prohibitive. The correntropy-based Density Preserving Sampling procedure (DPS) proposed in this paper eliminates the need for repeating the error estimation procedure by dividing the available data into subsets, which are guaranteed to be representative of the input dataset. This allows to produce low variance error estimates with accuracy comparable to 10 times repeated cross-validation at a fraction of computations required by CV, which has been investigated using a set of publicly available benchmark datasets and standard classifiers. © 2010 IEEE.

Budka, M & Gabrys, B 1970, 'Ridge regression ensemble for toxicity prediction', Procedia Computer Science, International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS), Elsevier BV, Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS, pp. 193-201.
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Cagno, E & Trianni, A 1970, 'Energy Efficiency in Industrial Operations: An Evaluation of Benefits and Cost of the Most Effective Interventions Within the Italian Industrial Sector', ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, Volume 1, ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, ASMEDC, Phoenix, AZ, pp. 85-93.
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The attention towards the topic of reducing the energy expenditures has dramatically grown in recent crisis times that have forced firms to reduce them. This reduction in energy expenditures of a firm can be pursued through a wise energy procurement (we can call it “administrative energy efficiency”), thus with a reduction in the specific cost of energy (both electricity and other energy sources). But, the highest effective saving — for the whole system — would come from a direct reduction of the consumption, thus increasing the so-called “operational energy efficiency”, the unique true energy efficiency, implying the effort of the whole firm, since it requires a lower and wiser use of energy, and new and more efficient technologies. It is quite diffused the perception that governments are now taking measures to reach a common and more efficient environmental and energetic policy, but the effort is still not sufficient. The attention has obviously been paid towards the industrial sector, that covers about 30% of the consumption, second just after transportation: since now several actions have been taken to achieve the energy performance of buildings, but very few in the operations. Furthermore, it should be clear that to be really effective in this field governments should focus their attention on Small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs), usually less efficient than Large Enterprises (LEs), since SMEs represent the vast majority of the total number of industries and cover a consistent share of the energy consumption of a whole domestic industrial sector. This paper aims at providing an overview of the most effective interventions for reducing energy consumption in industrial operations that have been successfully implemented in a large number of case studies investigated in North America and Europe. The paper provides different scenarios according to the implementation of those interventions, characterized all by being Best Available Technologies a...

Cai, C, Wang, Y & Geers, G 1970, 'Adaptive traffic signal control using vehicle-to-infrastructure communication', Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Computational Transportation Science, GIS '10: 18th SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems, ACM, San Jose, CA, pp. 43-47.
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Cai, Y & Guo, YJ 1970, 'Dipole uniform circular array backed by a cylindrical reflector', EuCAP 2010 - The 4th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation.
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A 12-element thin dipole uniform circular array (UCA) is studied using the Method of Moments. The effect of metallic back reflectors on the array performance, in terms of the maximum realized gain, the mutual coupling level, and the synthesized patterns, is investigated. Over the inter-element spacing range, 0.3 λ0 ≤ d ≤ 0.7λ0, simulation results show that the introduction of the cylindrical reflector achieves at least 1.0dB higher the gain than the one without using the reflector. Radial metallic 'partition walls' is proposed to be placed between axially oriented dipoles. The use of the 'partition walls' realizes further gain enhancement and H-plane mutual coupling reduction. At d = 0.4λ0 and d = 0.6λ0, maximum coupling between elements is suppressed to a level below -13dB and -20dB respectively when the height of the 'partition walls', hwall, is greater than 0.175λ0. In the synthesized realized gain pattern, mainlobe to sidelobe ratio better than 15dB and 13dB is obtained.

Cai, Y, Guo, YJ, Qin, PY & Weily, AR 1970, 'Frequency reconfigurable quasi-Yagi dipole antenna', 2010 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2010 IEEE International Symposium Antennas and Propagation and CNC-USNC/URSI Radio Science Meeting, IEEE, pp. 1-4.
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A frequency reconfigurable quasi-Yagi dipole antenna is presented in this paper. Simulation results show that a 35% continuously tuning impedance bandwidth, from 1.85 to 2.5GHz, is obtained. Loaded with varactor diodes, the effective electrical lengths of the driver and director dipoles are varied by changing the biasing voltages. The length adjustable director allows the endfire pattern with relatively high gain being maintained over each tuning sub-band. Across the tuning bandwidth, the predicted gain variation is from 5.8dBi to 7.9dBi. The H-plane cross-polarization level is below -17dB while this value is below -32dB in the E-plane. The front-to-back ratio is better than 12dB. © 2010 IEEE.

Cao, L, Ou, Y, Yu, PS & Wei, G 1970, 'Detecting abnormal coupled sequences and sequence changes in group-based manipulative trading behaviors', Proceedings of the 16th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining, KDD '10: The 16th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, ACM, Washington DC, DC, USA, pp. 85-94.
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In capital market surveillance, an emerging trend is that a group of hidden manipulators collaborate with each other to manipulate three trading sequences: buy-orders, sell-orders and trades, through carefully arranging their prices, volumes and time, in order to mislead other investors, affect the instrument movement, and thus maximize personal benefits. If the focus is on only one of the above three sequences in attempting to analyze such hidden group based behavior, or if they are merged into one sequence as per an investor, the coupling relationships among them indicated through trading actions and their prices/volumes/times would be missing, and the resulting findings would have a high probability of mismatching the genuine fact in business. Therefore, typical sequence analysis approaches, which mainly identify patterns on a single sequence, cannot be used here. This paper addresses a novel topic, namely coupled behavior analysis in hidden groups. In particular, we propose a coupled Hidden Markov Models (HMM)-based approach to detect abnormal group-based trading behaviors. The resulting models cater for (1) multiple sequences from a group of people, (2) interactions among them, (3) sequence item properties, and (4) significant change among coupled sequences. We demonstrate our approach in detecting abnormal manipulative trading behaviors on orderbook-level stock data. The results are evaluated against alerts generated by the exchange's surveillance system from both technical and computational perspectives. It shows that the proposed coupled and adaptive HMMs outperform a standard HMM only modeling any single sequence, or the HMM combining multiple single sequences, without considering the coupling relationship. Further work on coupled behavior analysis, including coupled sequence/event analysis, hidden group analysis and behavior dynamics are very critical. © 2010 ACM.

Cao, Z, Liu, RP, Yang, X & Xiao, Y 1970, 'Modeling IEEE 802.11 DCF System Dynamics', 2010 IEEE Wireless Communication and Networking Conference, Networking Conference (WCNC), IEEE, Sydney, AUSTRALIA, pp. 1-5.
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Caraian, S & Kirchner, N 1970, 'Robust manipulability-centric object detection in time-of-flight camera point clouds', Proceedings of the 2010 Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, ACRA 2010, Proceedings of the Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, pp. 1-9.
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This paper presents a method for robustly identifying the manipulability of objects in a scene based on the capabilities of the manipulator. The method uses a directed histogram search of a time-of-flight camera generated 3D point cloud that exploits the logical connection between objects and the respective supporting surface to facilitate scene segmentation. Once segmented the points above the supporting surface are searched, again with a directed histogram, and potentially manipulatable objects identified. Finally, the manipulatable objects in the scene are identified as those from the potential objects set that are within the manipulators capabilities. It is shown empirically that the method robustly detects the supporting surface with ±15mm accuracy and successfully discriminates between graspable and non-graspable objects in cluttered and complex scenes.

Carmichael, MG, Liu, D & Waldron, KJ 1970, 'Investigation of reducing fatigue and musculoskeletal disorder with passive actuators', 2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2010), IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 2481-2486.
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Robotic systems such as exoskeletons can be effectively used in the reduction of fatigue and musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) associated with physical tasks, but robots which work in physical contact with humans pose problems with user safety. A novel approach to developing intrinsically safe robots is to use passive actuators which have the advantage of being safer, ensuring stability, high force/weight ratios and lower power consumption. It is however not clear how effective an exoskeleton utilizing passive actuators would be in reducing fatigue and the risk of MSD. This paper analyzes the benefit of using such a system with results from dynamic simulations and an experiment using a specially designed mechanism used for evaluation. Results indicate that fatigue and effort could be reduced if robot impedance is minimized. Experiments also highlighted issues of implementing such a system into practice. ©2010 IEEE.

Catley, C, Smith, K, McGregor, C, James, A & Eklund, JM 1970, 'A framework to model and translate clinical rules to support complex real-time analysis of physiological and clinical data', Proceedings of the 1st ACM International Health Informatics Symposium, IHI '10: ACM International Health Informatics Symposium, ACM, pp. 307-315.
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We present a framework to model and translate clinical rules to support complex real-time analysis of both synchronous physiological data and asynchronous clinical data. The framework is demonstrated through a case study in a neonatal intensive care context showing how a clinical rule for detecting an apnoeic event is modeled across multiple physiological data streams in the Artemis environment, which employs IBM's InfoSphere Streams middleware to support real-time stream processing. Initial clinical hypotheses for apnoea detection are modeled using UML activity diagrams which are subsequently translated into Stream's SPADE code to be deployed in Artemis to deliver real-time decision support. Our aim is to provide a Clinical Decision Support System capable of identifying and detecting patterns in physiological data streams indicative of the onset of clinically significant conditions that that may adversely affect health outcomes. Benefits associated with our approach include: 1) reduced time and effort on the clinician's part to assess health data from multiple sources; 2) the ability to allow clinicians to control the rules-engine of Artemis to enhance clinical care within their unique environments; 3) the ability to apply clinical alerts to both synchronous and asynchronous data; and 4) the ability to continuously process data in real-time. © 2010 ACM.

Chaczko, Z & Braun, R 1970, 'Teaching Computer Vision for telemedicine systems using OpenCV', 2010 9th International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET), 2010 9th International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET), IEEE, Cappadocia, pp. 17-20.
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This paper reports on experiences of teaching Computer Vision for robotic telemedicine cluster system, within the practice based ICTD subject within the undergraduate Software Engineering Program at the Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS). Topics described by this paper include shared experiences in designing and implementing Computer Vision subsystem and discusses successes, as well as common problems both experienced and anticipated in adaptation of OpenCV framework for building a robotic system for telemedicine. One of the main objectives of the ICTD is to bridge the gap between the students' theoretical knowledge of design and programming with the practical side of software reuse and modularization when designing and implementing a robotic system for medical applications. ©2010 IEEE.

Chaczko, Z, Chiu, C & Kale, A 1970, 'Cooperative agent-based SANET architecture for personalised healthcare monitoring', 2010 4th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems, 2010 4th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS 2010), IEEE, Gold Coast, Australia, pp. 1-6.
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This paper describes the adaptation of a computational technique utilizing Extended Kohonen Maps (EKMs) and Rao-Blackwell-Kolmogorov (R-B) Filtering mechanisms for the administration of Sensor-Actuator networks (SANETs). Inspired by the BDI (Belief-Desire-Intention) Agent model from Rao and Georgeff, EKMs perform the quantitative analysis of an algorithmic artificial neural network process by using an indirect-mapping EKM to self-organize, while the Rao-Blackwell filtering mechanism reduces the external noise and interference in the problem set introduced through the self-organization process. Initial results demonstrate that a combinatorial approach to optimization with EKMs and Rao-Blackwell filtering provides an improvement in event trajectory approximation in comparison to standalone cooperative EKM processes to allow responsive event detection and optimization inpatient healthcare.

Chaczko, Z, Chiu, C, Avtar Singh Kohli & Mahadevan, V 1970, 'Smart Hospital Management System: An integration of enterprise level solutions utilising open group architecture framework (TOGAF)', 2010 3rd International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology, 2010 3rd IEEE International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology (ICCSIT 2010), IEEE, Chengdu, China, pp. 8-15.
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A significant portion of the Hospital Information Systems currently consists of various individual legacy applications that have to be integrated, to deliver a more unified solution. The performance, reliability and other factors of these applications ca

Chaczko, Z, Chiu, C, Klempous, R & Nikodem, J 1970, '3TZ Collaborative Team Environments Incorporating the Hybrid Holonic Architecture.', ECBS, IEEE International Conference and Workshop on the Engineering of Computer Based Systems, IEEE Computer Society, Oxford, England, UK, pp. 300-305.
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The paper describes a business reengineering process (BPR) approach to address multi-timezone (3-timezone or 3TZ) collaborative teamwork environments by combining the Holonic architecture with the Zachman Metamodel Framework. While the use of collaborative project systems is not new, the methodology to share time resources from different timezones seeks to address pedagogical and engineering process concerns in team-based project development. The benefits of collaborative project management tools go beyond a uniform platform to deploy project resources, but to also enhance systemic processes and engineering practice. This facilitates team members to dedicate their time towards common work tasks, delineates individual and shared work packages, and improves student/tutor feedback techniques as teachers can actively monitor

Chaczko, Z, Kale, A & Chiu, C 1970, 'Intelligent health care &#x2014; A Motion Analysis system for health practitioners', 2010 Sixth International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing, 2010 Sixth International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing (ISSNIP), IEEE, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 303-308.
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In the proposed work we present a combination of two paradigms: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and Computer Vision applied for Motion Analysis. In this work the Computer Vision provides high-level behavioural monitoring and analysis, whereas Wireless Sensors capture detailed parameters of a moving object. Fusion of sensory information received from both types of sensors provides micro-level and macro-level details. These combined details can be used in various application areas. In considered applications, one of the areas can be Robotics. In this case this strategy can be used to monitor health of robots under certain actions and situations. Another important application domain is health care and rehabilitation of injured persons. In this application, movement of an injured body portion is measured after its treatment. Apart from the analysis of motion we also propose optimized movement advice to patients. Optimum motion advice is very useful in case of sports injury to recover strength and performance. In this paper we produce experimental work performed by simulating different movements of hands and legs in free space. The experimental simulation provides a broad range of data on motion analysis with visualization. The third area of application that is explored is elderly patient condition monitoring and motion analysis for health monitoring.

Chaczko, Z, Klempous, R & Dubois, DM 1970, 'Anticipatory Biomimetic Middleware', AIP Conference Proceedings, COMPUTING ANTICIPATORY SYSTEMS: CASYS ‘09: Ninth International Conference on Computing Anticipatory Systems, AIP, Leige, Belgium, pp. 379-388.
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Anticipatory, multi-agents based and biology inspired middleware for resource constrained systems such as the sensornets is able to provide infrastructure oriented services with anticipatory system properties such as: (1) selforganization, (2) selfâshaping, (3) self-monitoring and self-healing. The paper aim is to explain how these fundamental properties, if imprinted on executing agents, can help in the construction of robust, cooperative and sustainable information services for infrastructure oriented software. This can occur through the application of the selected immune-computing and allometric paradigms.

Chaczko, Z, Kohli, AS, Klempous, R & Nikodem, J 1970, 'Middleware integration model for Smart Hospital System using the open group architecture framework (TOGAF)', 2010 IEEE 14th International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems, 2010 IEEE 14th International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems (INES 2010), IEEE, Canary Islands, Spain, pp. 215-220.
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A significant portion of the Hospital Information Systems currently consists of various individual legacy applications that have to be integrated, to deliver a more unified solution. The performance, reliability and other factors of these applications can alter the performance, reliability and other characteristics of integrated Solution, the Smart Hospital Management System (SHS). The actual evaluation of these parameters of these applications is outside the scope of this document. The SHS being an infrastructure component relies heavily on the actual resources made available to it for its proper functioning, operation and maintenance. This article aims to deliver an approach in architecting solutions which can be utilised as framework to address common issues in integration of enterprise level solutions. The methodologies discussed in TOGAF version 9 are utilised to demonstrate the feasibility of proposed solution. This paper introduces the problem space/scenarios, constraints, requirements, enablers, risks, sample legacy application architectures and proposed integration solution presented with TOGAF components. The growing number of waiting lists, rising pressure on medical professionals and accountability for medical negligence are only part of the motivation to take initiative towards holds a core model integration strategy in various legacy infrastructure systems.

Chaczko, Z, Wickramasooriya, R, Klempous, R & Nikodem, J 1970, 'Security threats in Cognitive Radio applications', 2010 IEEE 14th International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems, 2010 IEEE 14th International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems, IEEE, Canary Islands, Spain, pp. 209-214.
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In this paper we shall consider security aspects of Cognitive Radio (CR) and its applications. We shall cover design of a security simulation model for cognitive radio and discuss results of conducted experiments using Omnet++ simulation tool in the .Net environment. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of various applications of CR as well as the security threats faced when applying this technology. The functions, benefits and applications of CR are analyzed, along with the challenges faced by the technology. We shall discuss in detail a several security threats faced by CR and carry out selected research on techniques used to mitigate such malicious attacks and provide examples of simulation experiments in Omnet++.

Chaczko, Z, Yeoh, LA & Mahadevan, V 1970, 'A Preliminary Investigation on Computer Vision for Telemedicine Systems Using OpenCV', 2010 Second International Conference on Machine Learning and Computing, 2010 Second International Conference on Machine Learning and Computing, IEEE, Bangalore, India, pp. 42-46.
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OpenCV is typically, an open source vision library suitable for computer vision programs. In this paper, we present some of our preliminary investigation experiences of developing Computer Vision programs using OpenCV for robotic telemedicine cluster system, within the practice based ICTD subject within the undergraduate Software Engineering Program at the Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS). Firstly, it discusses our shared experiences in designing and implementing Computer Vision subsystem and discusses successes, as well as common problems both experienced and anticipated in adaptation of OpenCV framework and then justifies its purpose building a robotic system for telemedicine. Finally, it attempts to bridge the gap between the theoretical knowledge of design and programming with the practical side of software reuse and modularization when designing and implementing a robotic system for medical applications.

Chaiwongsai, J, Chiracharit, W, Chamnongthai, K, Miyanaga, Y & Higuchi, K 1970, 'Scalable architecture of tone classification function for tonal speech recognizer', 2010 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems, 2010 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communications Systems (ISPACS 2010), IEEE.
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Chan, KY, Ling, SH, Dillon, TS, Nguyen, H & IEEE 1970, 'Classification of Hypoglycemic Episodes for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus based on Neural Networks', 2010 IEEE CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION (CEC), IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, IEEE, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 1444-1448.
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Hypoglycemia is dangerous for Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. Based on the physiological parameters, we have developed a classification unit with hybridizing the approaches of neural networks and genetic algorithm to identify the presences of hypoglycemic episodes for TIDM patients. The proposed classification unit is built and is validated by using the real T1DM patients' data sets collected from Department of Health, Government of Western Australia. Experimental results show that the proposed neural network based classification unit can achieve more accurate results on both trained and unseen T1DM patients' data sets compared with those developed based on the commonly used classification methods for medical diagnosis including statistical regression, fuzzy regression and genetic programming. © 2010 IEEE.

Chan, KY, Zhu, H, Lau, C, Dillon, TS, Ling, SH & IEEE 1970, 'Determination of chemo-responses for osteosarcoma using a hybrid evolutionary algorithm', 2010 IEEE CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION (CEC), IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, IEEE, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 1865-1869.
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In this paper, a hybrid evolutionary algorithm (HEA) based on the approaches of the evolutionary algorithm and a local search (LS) is proposed to determine the gene signatures for predicting histologic response of chemotherapy on osteosarcoma patients, which is one of the most common malignant bone tumor in children. The HEA consists of a population of individuals but the evolution of individuals is conducted by a LS, rather than the crossover and mutation used in the traditional evolutionary algorithms. The proposed HEA can simultaneously optimize the feature subset and the classifier through a common solution coding mechanism. Experimental results indicate that HEA can obtain more accurate signatures than the other existing approaches in determining chemoresponse for osteosarcoma. © 2010 IEEE.

Chandran, D & Kempegowda, S 1970, 'Hybrid E-learning platform based on cloud architecture model: A proposal', 2010 International Conference on Signal and Image Processing, 2010 International Conference on Signal and Image Processing (ICSIP), IEEE, RMD Engineering College, Chennai, India, pp. 534-537.
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Education is to be affordable and able to reach the mass at an affordable cost. An E-learning platform based on open standards with minimum initial cost of investment, will be able to educate people to achieve knowledge based economy. The current E-learning platforms require high initial cost on the infrastructure and software applications. Adoption of cloud computing can help, educational institutions to reduce expenditure on infrastructure, software and human resources to a considerable extent. The authors focus on the current elearning architecture model and issues in current e-learning applications. The paper also discusses cloud computing concepts, and analyse advantages for adopting cloud computing. A model for e-learning applications based on cloud computing is proposed.

Chang, L, Yu, JX, Qin, L & Lin, X 1970, 'Probabilistic ranking over relations.', EDBT, International Conference on Extending Database Technology, ACM, Lausanne, Switzerland, pp. 477-488.
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Probabilistic top-k ranking queries have been extensively studied due to the fact that data obtained can be uncertain in many real applications. A probabilistic top-k ranking query ranks objects by the interplay of score and probability, with an implicit assumption that both scores based on which objects are ranked and probabilities of the existence of the objects are stored in the same relation. We observe that in general scores and probabilities are highly possible to be stored in different relations, for example, in column-oriented DBMSs and in data warehouses. In this paper we study probabilistic top-k ranking queries when scores and probabilities are stored in different relations. We focus on reducing the join cost in probabilistic top-k ranking. We investigate two probabilistic score functions, discuss the upper/lower bounds in random access and sequential access, and provide insights on the advantages and disadvantages of random/sequential access in terms of upper/lower bounds. We also propose random, sequential, and hybrid algorithms to conduct probabilistic top-k ranking. We conducted extensive performance studies using real and synthetic datasets, and report our findings in this paper. Copyright 2010 ACM.

Chen, B, Lam, W, Tsang, I & Wong, T-L 1970, 'Location and Scatter Matching for Dataset Shift in Text Mining', 2010 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining, 2010 IEEE 10th International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM), IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 773-778.
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Dataset shift from the training data in a source domain to the data in a target domain poses a great challenge for many statistical learning methods. Most algorithms can be viewed as exploiting only the first-order statistics, namely, the empirical mean discrepancy to evaluate the distribution gap. Intuitively, considering only the empirical mean may not be statistically efficient. In this paper, we propose a non-parametric distance metric with a good property which jointly considers the empirical mean (Location) and sample covariance (Scatter) difference. More specifically, we propose an improved symmetric Stein's loss function which combines the mean and covariance discrepancy into a unified Bregman matrix divergence of which Jensen-Shannon divergence between normal distributions is a particular case. Our target is to find a good feature representation which can reduce the distribution gap between different domains, at the same time, ensure that the new derived representation can encode most discriminative components with respect to the label information. We have conducted extensive experiments on several document classification datasets to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.

Chen, K, Huang, X & Xi, J 1970, 'A novel approach for interference suppression in multi-subband convolutional coded OFDM system', 2010 10th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, 2010 10th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, pp. 667-671.
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This paper proposes a novel approach of suppressing narrowband interference from a multi - subband convolutional coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. In this system, the convolutional coded data symbols using different coding generators are transmitted in different subbands. By identifying and discarding the interfered subband(s), the interference level can be greatly reduced and the system performance of the OFDM system can be improved. The interference thresholds for discarding the interfered subband(s) are determined through simulations over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel for demonstration purpose. The principle can also be applied to multipath fading channel. ©2010 IEEE.

Chen, L, Xu, D, Tsang, IW & Luo, J 1970, 'Tag-based web photo retrieval improved by batch mode re-tagging', 2010 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2010 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), IEEE, San Francisco, CA, pp. 3440-3446.
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Web photos in social media sharing websites such as Flickr are generally accompanied by rich but noisy textual descriptions (tags, captions, categories, etc.). In this paper, we proposed a tag-based photo retrieval framework to improve the retrieval performance for Flickr photos by employing a novel batch mode re-tagging method. The proposed batch mode re-tagging method can automatically refine noisy tags of a group of Flickr photos uploaded by the same user within a short period by leveraging millions of training web images and their associated rich textual descriptions. Specifically, for one group of Flickr photos, we construct a group-specific lexicon which contains only the tags of all photos within the group. For each query tag, we employ the inverted file method to automatically find loosely labeled training web images. We propose a SVM with Augmented Features, referred to as AFSVM, to learn adapted classifiers to refine the annotation tags of photos by leveraging the existing SVM classifiers of popular tags, which are associated with a large amount of positive training web images. Moreover, to further refine the annotation tags of photos in the same group, we additionally introduce an objective function that utilizes the visual similarities of photos within the group as well as the semantic proximities of their tags. Based on the refined tags, photos can be retrieved according to more reliable relevance scores. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework.

Chen, P-H & Lin, C-T 1970, '6-step fuzzy-merged controller for eccentricity of 3-pole vertical magnetic bearing', 2010 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 2010 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics - SMC, IEEE, pp. 2640-2646.
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Centrifugal force caused by eccentricity in a vertical magnetic bearing (VMB) is dealt with an innovative design by featuring 1)3-pole 2)6-step 3)PD fuzzy switching controller 4)hybrid controller. The hybrid controller is composed of a fuzzy switching controller and a traditional ID controller. Fuzzy switching controller regulates the instability of plant when pump shaft deviates by a small perturbation from the nominal gap. The traditional ID controller compensates for the centrifugal force caused by eccentricity. In the simulation, 6-step switching works as a relay race in terms of a competitor. Simulation results approve the approach developed in this paper be feasible to overcome the effect arisen from eccentricity. ©2010 IEEE.

Chen, P-H & Lin, C-T 1970, 'Sequential clustering by triangle-cascaded robot deployment', 2010 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology, 2010 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology, IEEE, pp. 597-601.
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A virtual robot deploys its joints and linkages step by step in a 2-D region with presented obstacles. Each step of deployment constructs a piece of virtual robot trajectory based on only a few obstacles in front. The virtual robot trajectory serves as an envelope for obstacle clusters. Sequential clustering is thus called to solve this issue. The innovation of triangle cascading, composed of joint discrimination and apex least-square deployment, reflects the idea of sequential clustering. Simulation covers triangle cascading, gap comparison and common rim or common apex for further deployment, link and reduction of joint trajectory. An alternative test pattern using random-distributed obstacles validates algorithms developed in this paper. A hybrid clustering combining fuzzy c-means and hierarchical clustering shows a qualified approach for the validation eventually. ©2010 IEEE.

Chen, X, Yang, J, Wu, Q & Zhao, J 1970, 'Motion blur detection based on lowest directional high-frequency energy', 2010 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 2010 17th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2010), IEEE, Hongkong, pp. 2533-2536.
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Motion blur detection and the relevant blurring parameter estimation are important for many computer vision tasks. The contribution of this paper is in two folds. First, we propose a closed-form solution for motion direction estimation on blurred image. Secondly, a novel method is proposed for motion blurred region detection. The proposed direction estimation is based on measurement of lowest directional high-frequency energy. Compared with traditional methods, it will improve accuracy with less computational cost. Moreover, the proposed motion blurred region detection can efficiently estimate blurred regions without Point Spread Function estimation. Encouraging results are shown by experiments. © 2010 IEEE.

Chen, Y, Zhang, J & Jayalath, ADS 1970, 'Are SC-FDE Systems Robust to CFO?', 2010 IEEE Wireless Communication and Networking Conference, Networking Conference (WCNC), IEEE, IEEE, pp. 1-6.
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Cheng, E, Davis, S, Burnett, I & Ritz, C 1970, 'The Role of Experts in Social Media - Are the Tertiary Educated Engaged?', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2010 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY: SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES, International Symposium on Technology-and-Society - Social Implications of Emerging Technologies, IEEE, Univ Wollongong, Wollongong, AUSTRALIA, pp. 205-212.

Chiba, T, Ito, M, Yokota, H & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Implementation and evaluation of local breakout method for IP-based femtocell networks', The 2010 International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Communications, 2010 International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Communications (ATC 2010), IEEE.
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Chuang, C-H, Lai, P-C, Ko, L-W, Kuo, B-C & Lin, C-T 1970, 'Driver's cognitive state classification toward brain computer interface via using a generalized and supervised technology', The 2010 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), 2010 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), IEEE, Barcelona, SPAIN, pp. 1-7.
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Cleland-Huang, J & Zowghi, D 1970, 'Message from the Chairs', 2010 18th IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference, 2010 IEEE 18th International Conference on Requirements Engineering (RE), IEEE, pp. xi-xii.
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Concha, OP, Xu, RYD & Piccardi, M 1970, 'Compressive Sensing of Time Series for Human Action Recognition', 2010 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications, 2010 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications (DICTA), IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 454-461.
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Compressive Sensing (CS) is an emerging signal processing technique where a sparse signal is reconstructed from a small set of random projections. In the recent literature, CS techniques have demonstrated promising results for signal compression and reconstruction [9, 8, 1]. However, their potential as dimensionality reduction techniques for time series has not been significantly explored to date. To this aim, this work investigates the suitability of compressive-sensed time series in an application of human action recognition. In the paper, results from several experiments are presented: (1) in a first set of experiments, the time series are transformed into the CS domain and fed into a hidden Markov model (HMM) for action recognition; (2) in a second set of experiments, the time series are explicitly reconstructed after CS compression and then used for recognition; (3) in the third set of experiments, the time series are compressed by a hybrid CS-Haar basis prior to input into HMM; (4) in the fourth set, the time series are reconstructed from the hybrid CS-Haar basis and used for recognition. We further compare these approaches with alternative techniques such as sub-sampling and filtering. Results from our experiments show unequivocally that the application of CS does not degrade the recognition accuracy; rather, it often increases it. This proves that CS can provide a desirable form of dimensionality reduction in pattern recognition over time series. © 2010 Crown Copyright.

Concha, OP, Xu, RYD & Piccardi, M 1970, 'Robust Dimensionality Reduction for Human Action Recognition', 2010 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications, 2010 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications (DICTA), IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 349-356.
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Human action recognition can be approached by combining an action-discriminative feature set with a classifier. However, the dimensionality of typical feature sets joint with that of the time dimension often leads to a curse-of-dimensionality situation. Moreover, the measurement of the feature set is subject to sometime severe errors. This paper presents an approach to human action recognition based on robust dimensionality reduction. The observation probabilities of hidden Markov models (HMM) are modelled by mixtures of probabilistic principal components analyzers and mixtures of t-distribution sub-spaces, and compared with conventional Gaussian mixture models. Experimental results on two datasets show that dimensionality reduction helps improve the classification accuracy and that the heavier-tailed t-distribution can help reduce the impact of outliers generated by segmentation errors. © 2010 Crown Copyright.

Csonka, PJ, Perkins, AD & Waldron, KJ 1970, 'Passively stable hopping of an articulated leg with a tendon-coupled ankle', 2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2010), IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 3629-3633.
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Dynamic maneuvers have been successfully implemented on many prismatic legged robots. Systems with articulated legs of significant relative mass pose more of a challenge in part due to the physics of thrusting with rotating limbs, which results in undesi

Cui, Y, Jin, JS, Park, M, Luo, S, Xu, M, Yu Peng, Wong, WSF & Santos, LD 1970, 'Computer aided abnormality detection for microscopy images of cervical tissue', IEEE/ICME International Conference on Complex Medical Engineering, 2010 IEEE/ICME International Conference on Complex Medical Engineering - CME 2010, IEEE, Gold Coast Australia, pp. 63-68.
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Cervical cancer is the second most common malignancy among women worldwide, if it is detected in early stage, cure rate is relatively high. Computer aided abnormality detection for cervical smear is developed to assist medical experts to handle the microscopy images, examine cell abnormalities and diagnose dyskaryosis. The microscopy images of cells in cervix uteri are stained by the tumor marker Ki-67, so that the abnormal nuclei present brown while normal ones are bluish. Segmentation is the most important and difficult task to calculate the ratio of abnormal nuclei to all nuclei. In order to achieve accurate segmentation of nuclei, we propose a multi-level segmentation approach for abnormality identification in microscopy images. First level segmentation aims to partition abnormal (stained) nuclei regions and all nuclei regions. Because of under-segmentation after first level segmentation, second level segmentation is applied to further partition the clustered nuclei. In order to classify touching regions of clustered nuclei and separate regions of single nucleus, relevant meaningful features are extracted from regions of interest. Consequently all the nuclei regions are separated and in conjunction with the abnormal nuclei regions in the first level segmentation, the abnormality i.e. ratio of abnormal nuclei to all nuclei is obtained. Experimental results indicate that our method achieved an accuracy of 93.55% and 95.8% in term of abnormal nuclei and all nuclei respectively for identification of abnormalities. Our proposed method produces a satisfactory segmentation. © 2010 IEEE.

Czlonka, A, Nelson, T, Dibbs, RL & Huynh, P 1970, 'Performance of a new stator-diffuser design for an axial-flow pump unit', Proceedings of the 17th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, pp. 1-4.
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In an axial-flow pump unit with conventional stator and diftllser, often considerable energy is still present in the swirl (rotation) of the liquid leaving the stator. This energy will eventually be lost from the pump system. In this experimental investigation a new design, combining the stator and diffuser together into a single component, was tested for its effectiveness in recovering this energy and thereby improving the performance of an industrysized single-stage axial-flow pump unit. Measurements of static pressure rise along the new stator-difTuser and of the swirl angle of the fluid leaving the pump unit indicate that the new design performs better than the conventional one, as a component. However, efticiency of the whole pump unit is in general slightly reduced with the new design. A number of factors were identified as contributing to this performance degradation. Most notable are the poor matching of the fluid's and vanes' angles at the component's inlet and the sudden expansion of the flow geometry at the component's outlet. It is thus expected that when these factors have been adequately addressed, the new design should improve the pump's overall performance.

Dackermann, U, Li, J & Samali, B 1970, 'Identification of added mass on a two-storey framed structure utilising FRFs and ANNs', Incorporating Sustainable Practice in Mechanics of Structures and Materials - Proceedings of the 21st Australian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, CRC Press, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 757-762.
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This paper presents a vibration-based damage detection method that utilises frequency response functions (FRFs) to identify added mass on a two-storey framed structure. Added mass is used to simulate frequency changes due to structural damage. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are employed to map changes in FRFs to locations of the added mass. In order to obtain suitable inputs for neural network training, principalcomponent analysis (PCA) techniques are adopted to reduce the size of the FRF data and to filter noise. A hierarchy of neural network ensembles is used to take advantage of individual measurement characteristics from different sensors. The method is tested on laboratory and numerical models of a two-storey framed structure. From the two kinds of structures, FRF data are determined and compressed utilising PCA techniques. The PCAreduced FRFs are then used as input patterns for training and testing of ANN ensembles predicting different locations of added mass. © 2011 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

Davis, SJ, Cheng, EC, Burnett, IS & Ritz, CH 1970, 'Multimedia adaptation based on semantics from social network users interacting with media', 2010 Second International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX), 2010 Second International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX 2010), IEEE, pp. 170-175.
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A key goal of adaptive multimedia delivery is to provide users with content that maximizes their quality of experience. To achieve this goal, adaptive multimedia systems require descriptions of the content and user preference information, moving beyond traditional criteria such as quality of service requirements or perceptual quality based on traditional metrics. Media is increasingly consumed within online social networks and multimedia sharing websites can also add a wealth of metadata. In this paper, mechanisms for gathering semantics that relate to user preferences when interacting with media content in social networks are proposed. Subjective results indicate the proposed mechanisms can successfully provide information about user and social group media preferences that can be used for adapting multimedia for improved user quality of experience. ©2010 IEEE.

Delavari, H, Bandara, W, Marjanovic, O & Mathiesen, P 1970, 'Business Process Management (BPM) education in Australia: A critical review based on content analysis', ACIS 2010 Proceedings - 21st Australasian Conference on Information Systems.
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Business Process Management (BPM) is a top priority in organisations and is rapidly proliferating as an emerging discipline in practice. However, the current studies show lack of appropriate BPM skilled professionals in the field and a dearth of opportunities to develop BPM expertise. This paper analyses the gap between available BPM-related education in Australia and required BPM capabilities. BPM courses offered by Australian universities and training institutions have been critically analysed and mapped against leading BPM capability frameworks to determine how well current BPM education and training offerings in Australia actually address the core capabilities required for BPM professionals. The outcomes reported here can be used by Australian universities and training institutions to better align and position their training materials to the BPM required capabilities. It could also be beneficial to individuals looking for a systematic and in-depth understanding of BPM capabilities and trainings. © 2010 Delavari, Bandara, Marjanovic, Mathiesen.

Deng, W, Drozdowicz-Tomsia, K, Jin, D & Goldys, EM 1970, 'Silver nanostructure coated beads enhance fluorescence for sensitive immunoassays and bioimaging', 2010 International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 2010 International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICONN), IEEE, pp. 108-111.
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While the principle of fluorescence enhancement of metal nanostructures is well known, the utility of this effect in practical methodologies used in analytical laboratories remains to be established. In this work we explored the advantage of fluorescence enhancement for flow cytometry and bioimaging. We reported the observation of metal-enhanced fluorescence emission of fluorophores located on the surface of silver nanostructure-coated silica beads, suitable for flow cytometry detection. The fluorescence enhancement was investigated using a model AlexaFluor 430 IgG immunoassay. Approximately 8.5-fold higher fluorescence intensities at 430 nm excitation was observed from silvered 400 nm silica beads deposited on glass as compared to the control sample. Enhanced fluorescence signals, by a factor of 2, were also observed in imaging of cells labeled with the europium chelate, 4,4'-bis(1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoro-4,6- hexanedion-6-yl)chlorosulfo-o-terphenyl-Eu3 (BHHCT-Eu3), when such silver-coated silica beads were used as substrates. These results indicated that silver nanostructures-coated silica beads are able to provide intensified fluorescence signals for bioassays and bioimaging. © 2010 IEEE.

Dianshuang Wu, Lu, J & Zhang, G 1970, 'A hybrid recommendation approach for hierarchical items', 2010 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Knowledge Engineering, 2010 IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Knowledge Engineering (ISKE), IEEE, Hangzhou, China, pp. 492-497.
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Recommender systems aim to recommend items that are likely to be of interest to the user. In many business situations, complex items are described by hierarchical tree structures, which contain rich semantic information. To recommend hierarchical items accurately, the semantic information of the hierarchical tree structures must be considered comprehensively. In this study, a new hybrid recommendation approach for complex hierarchical tree structured items is proposed. In this approach, a comprehensive semantic similarity measure model for hierarchical tree structured items is developed. It is integrated with the traditional item-based collaborative filtering approach to generate recommendations. © 2010 IEEE.

Ding, GK & Ge, J 1970, 'A challenge to sustainably improving environmental performance of existing housing stock in Australia', CIB 2010 World Congress Proceedings, International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction (CIB) Meetings, Workshops, Symposia, Conferences, CIB, Salford Quays, United Kingdom, pp. 86-98.
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A key global challenge nowadays is to address climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Climate change is one of the most pressing issues facing Australia today. Improvements to energy and water efficiency of existing building stocks can significantly cut greenhouse gas emissions and reduce utility bills. With increasing recognition that green buildings outperform conventional buildings, much less known about how green building initiatives can be incorporated into upgrading existing housing stocks. In Australia due to population growth and increased in the size of dwellings coupled with the reduction of number of person per household have put an enormous pressue on energy and water consumption. Existing houses represent approximately 98% of residential building stocks and any improvement to these dwellings will have a profound impact on reducing the negative effects of the environment. This paper examines the sustainable upgrading strategies in improving environmental performance of three existing single dwellings. This paper presents an economic analysis of sustainable upgrading using Net Present Value. The results suggest that sustainable upgrading of existing housing stocks is feasible and the scheme will be more attractive if more government financial assistance is provided.

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 1970, 'A Framework Enabling Semantic Search in Health Service Ecosystems', 2010 Sixth International Conference on Semantics, Knowledge and Grids, 2010 Sixth International Conference on Semantics Knowledge and Grid (SKG), IEEE, pp. 235-242.
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The health service ecosystem is a sub domain of the service ecosystem, which is an ecological view of the health service domain. Due to the importance and the speciality of health services, service consumers have rigorous requirements regarding the efficiency of health service search engines. However, as most health service consumers do not have enough domain knowledge, their service queries are sometimes not able to denote their actual service requests. Moreover, we find that the existing health service search engines lack the ability to help the consumers to disambiguate their service queries, which may impede the efficiency of the search engines. In this paper, by means of semantic search technologies, we design a framework enabling user query disambiguation in the health service ecosystem. The framework embodies a health service ontology for domain knowledge-based user query disambiguation and an ECBR algorithm for accurate service retrieval. In order to evaluate the framework, we build a system prototype and perform a series of experiments on it. Conclusions from the evaluation are drawn in the paper. © 2010 IEEE.

Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 1970, 'Semantic Service Retrieval and QoS Measurement in the Digital Ecosystem Environment', 2010 International Conference on Complex, Intelligent and Software Intensive Systems, 2010 International Conference on Complex, Intelligent and Software Intensive Systems (CISIS), IEEE, pp. 153-160.
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Digital Ecosystem is an innovative high-tech environment with the purpose of supporting the activities among species within the business ecosystem. In this paper, we concern about the research issue of service retrieval within such an environment. Due to the fact that species are heterogeneous and geographically dispersed, to precisely and quickly locate a service provider becomes an issue. In addition, the Digital Ecosystem environment urgently requires the structualization of service information and a set of unified QoS measurement for service ranking and evaluation. In order to unfold the issues in detail, we use the means of case study and literature survey. Eventually we formulate the research issues in this domain and provide a possible solution. © 2010 IEEE.

Doull, A & Huynh, P 1970, 'An experimental investigation of pressure loss in canvas fire hose', Proceedings of the 17th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, pp. 1-4.
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The NSW Rural Fire Service (RFS) of Australia uses canvas 'lay flaf' fire hose to deliver water at an incident. A single 'rule of thumb' figure for the estimated pressure loss over a length (approx 30m) of canvas hose is used. This figure is a general average based off figures published by the hose manufacturer. These figures in tmn were obtained from tests as per the Australian Standard AS-2792, which requires the hose to be under defined conditions. However, these conditions do not reproduce what is happening in a real-life fire-fighting situation. One example of the non-realistic conditions is the hose being laid completely straight. For, even in the most ideal situation, the hose still has to curve down from the back of the truck to the ground. In this experimental investigation, a test rig was set up to measure pressure loss over a length of canvas fire hose under a range of situations similar to how the hose will be laid in an actual scenario. The measured losses were found to be significantly greater than results published by the hose manufacturer, with the difference increasing with more severe bends and twists in the laid hose. The difference also varies with hose diameter. On the other hand, hose age was found to have a negligible effect on losses, contrary to expectation.

Dovey, K & Mooney, G 1970, 'The Social Dynamics of Generating and Leveraging Intellectual Capital for Innovation', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2ND EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL, 2nd European Conference on Intellectual Capital, ACAD CONFERENCES LTD, Lisbon, PORTUGAL, pp. 225-231.
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This paper explores the factors influencing an enterprises ability to generate and deploy intellectual capital in support of its strategic intent to innovate. Drawing on two research projects, we focus upon the leadership practices that enable an enterprise to innovatively leverage the intellectual capital that is potentially available to it. One project, using a phenomenological methodology, explores, at a high level, the social dynamics within twenty-five medium-sized enterprises noted for their innovative capabilities, in Sydney, Australia. The other project explores in finer detail, through an action research methodology, the transformation of stakeholder relationships within another medium-sized Sydney enterprise that has become highly innovative over the past five years. Our findings show that the most important forms of intangible capital for innovation are relationshipbased and are leveraged through stakeholder collaboration.

Du, R, Wang, S, Wu, Q & He, X 1970, 'Learn Concepts in Multiple-Instance Learning with Diverse Density Framework Using Supervised Mean Shift', 2010 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications, 2010 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications (DICTA), IEEE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 643-648.
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Many machine learning tasks can be achieved by using Multiple-instance learning (MIL) when the target features are ambiguous. As a general MIL framework, Diverse Density (DD) provides a way to learn those ambiguous features by maxmising the DD estimator, and the maximum of DD estimator is called a concept. However, modeling and finding multiple concepts is often difficult especially without prior knowledge of concept number, i.e., every positive bag may contain multiple coexistent and heterogeneous concepts but we do not know how many concepts exist. In this work, we present a new approach to find multiple concepts of DD by using an supervised mean shift algorithm. Unlike classic mean shift (an unsupervised clustering algorithm), our approach for the first time introduces the class label to feature point and each point differently contributes the mean shift iterations according to its label and position. A feature point derives from an MIL instance and takes corresponding bag label. Our supervised mean shift starts from positive points and converges to the local maxima that are close to the positive points and far away from the negative points. Experiments qualitatively indicate that our approach has better properties than other DD methods. © 2010 IEEE.

Du, Y & Lu, DD-C 1970, 'Analysis of a battery-integrated boost converter for module-based series connected photovoltaic system', The 2010 International Power Electronics Conference - ECCE ASIA -, 2010 International Power Electronics Conference (IPEC - Sapporo), IEEE, pp. 694-698.
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In this paper, a battery-integrated boost converter for module-based series connected photovoltaic (PV) system is analyzed. Each PV module has its own battery and DC/DC converter. The converter achieves maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and battery charging. Application of proposed converter to module-based series connected PV system can maintain string voltage and save an additional voltage amplification stage. Steady-state analysis of the converter to determine the power flow equations is presented. Three advantages comparing with the conventional series connected boost converter are reported. Simulation and experimental results of a laboratory prototype are presented. © 2010 IEEE.

Du, ZS & Watterson, PA 1970, 'Design and implementation of a radial magnetic bearing with permanent magnet bias', AUPEC 2010 - 20th Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference: 'Power Quality for the 21st Century', Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, IEEE, Christchurch, New Zealand, pp. 1-6.
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A new yoke winding for a radial magnetic bearing with permanent magnet bias flux is investigated and shown to reduce the copper loss and copper cost, by 32% in the prototype built. Magnetic circuit analysis neglecting fringing was found to give a poor estimate of the permanent magnet bias flux and 3D finite element analysis (FEA) would be needed to model it. However, 2D FEA was sufficient to model the field in the plane of the stator laminations, providing that the correct bias flux was imposed as a boundary condition. Solutions for the axial magnetic vector potential component Az were obtained, with a discontinuity prescribed across a cut from the inner to outer domain boundary. A small prototype was built and tested on a shaft whose other end was supported by a ball bearing race with free angular movement. For each of the horizontal and vertical directions, closed loop control was applied with Hall elements providing the shaft position signal. A lead-lag controller, designed using Matlab Simulink and implemented in Turbo Pascal 6, levitated the rotor.

Duan, F, Qiu, S & Liang, B 1970, 'Virtual Trade Platform research based on customers' requirements', 2010 International Conference on Logistics Systems and Intelligent Management (ICLSIM), 2010 International Conference on Logistics Systems and Intelligent Management (ICLSIM), IEEE, pp. 287-291.
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Duan, L, Xu, D, Tsang, IW & Luo, J 1970, 'Visual event recognition in videos by learning from web data', 2010 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2010 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), IEEE, San Francisco, CA, pp. 1959-1966.
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We propose a visual event recognition framework for consumer domain videos by leveraging a large amount of loosely labeled web videos (e.g., from YouTube). First, we propose a new aligned space-time pyramid matching method to measure the distances between two video clips, where each video clip is divided into space-time volumes over multiple levels. We calculate the pair-wise distances between any two volumes and further integrate the information from different volumes with Integer-flow Earth Movers Distance (EMD) to explicitly align the volumes. Second, we propose a new cross-domain learning method in order to 1) fuse the information from multiple pyramid levels and features (i.e., space-time feature and static SIFT feature) and 2) cope with the considerable variation in feature distributions between videos from two domains (i.e., web domain and consumer domain). For each pyramid level and each type of local features, we train a set of SVM classifiers based on the combined training set from two domains using multiple base kernels of different kernel types and parameters, which are fused with equal weights to obtain an average classifier. Finally, we propose a cross-domain learning method, referred to as Adaptive Multiple Kernel Learning (A-MKL), to learn an adapted classifier based on multiple base kernels and the prelearned average classifiers by minimizing both the structural risk functional and the mismatch between data distributions from two domains. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed framework that requires only a small number of labeled consumer videos by leveraging web data.

Duan, R, Grassl, M, Ji, Z & Zeng, B 1970, 'Multi-Error-Correcting Amplitude Damping Codes', Proceedings 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT 2010), Austin, USA, June 2010, pp. 2672-2676, International Symposium on Information Theory, IEEE, Austin, USA, pp. 2672-2676.
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We construct new families of multi-error-correcting quantum codes for theamplitude damping channel. Our key observation is that, with proper encoding,two uses of the amplitude damping channel simulate a quantum erasure channel.This allows us to use concatenated codes with quantum erasure-correcting codesas outer codes for correcting multiple amplitude damping errors. Our new codesare degenerate stabilizer codes and have parameters which are better than theamplitude damping codes obtained by any previously known construction.

Duckham, M, Jeong, MH, Li, S & Renz, J 1970, 'Decentralized querying of topological relations between regions without using localization', Proceedings of the 18th SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems, GIS '10: 18th SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems, ACM, San Jose, USA, pp. 414-417.
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This paper proposes an efficient, decentralized algorithm for determining the topological relationship between two regions monitored by a geosensor network. Many centralized algorithms already exist for this purpose (used for example in spatial databases). However, these algorithms are not suited to decentralized spatial computing environments, like geosensor networks, which must operate without global knowledge of the system state and without centralized control. Unlike many existing decentralized spatial algorithms, the proposed algorithm is also able to operate in the absence of information about a node's coordinate location. This makes the algorithm suitable for applications of geosensor networks where GPS or other positioning systems are unavailable or unreliable. The algorithm approach is founded on the well-known 4-intersection model, using in-network data aggregation and spatial filtering (involving nodes only at some region boundaries). This ensures only a relatively small proportion of the network is involved in computation, thus increasing efficiency. Our analysis shows that while the overall communication complexity of the algorithm is O(n), the load balancing is optimal leading to a constant O(1) communication complexity for individual nodes. This expectation is confirmed with empirical investigation using simulation, which demonstrates the practical efficiency of the algorithm. © 2010 ACM.

Dyadyuk, V, Huang, X, Stokes, L & Pathikulangara, J 1970, 'Implementation of wideband digital beam forming in the E-band: Towards a hybrid array', European Microwave Week 2010, EuMW2010: Connecting the World, Conference Proceedings - European Microwave Conference, EuMC 2010, 40th European Microwave Conference, IEEE, Paris, FRANCE, pp. 914-917.
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This paper reports the test results of a small-scale prototype that implements a digitally beam-formed phased antenna array in the E-band. A four-channel dual-conversion receive RF module for 71-76 GHz frequency band has been developed and integrated with a linear end-fire antenna array. Wideband frequency-domain angle-of-arrival estimation and beam forming algorithms were developed and implemented using 1 Gbps OFDM QPSK symbols. Measured performance is very close to the simulated results and experimental data for an analogue-beam-formed array. This work is a stepping stone towards practical realization of larger hybrid arrays in the E-band. © 2010 EuMA.

Dyson, LE 1970, 'Information Poverty and Aboriginal Peoples: The Maintenance of the Digital Divide', 4th International Indigenous Traditional Knowledge Conference, Auckland, pp. 157-164.

Dyson, LE & Brady, F 1970, 'A Case Study of Technology Adoption in a Remote Australian Aboriginal Community', Proceedings of World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications 2010 (ED-MEDIA 2010), Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia & Telecommunications, Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE), Toronto, Canada, pp. 950-959.
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Aboriginal Australians have often been characterized as low users of modern Information and Communication Technology (ICT). This perception has arisen because of poor rates of adoption of fixed-line phones, computers and the Internet. In this study, we examine the various technologies available in a remote Aboriginal community in Cape York. Our findings demonstrate that Aboriginal people are highly selective, leapfrogging over some standard ICT to adopt 3G mobile phones and music technology such as MP3 players. Given that these are the technologies of choice, it is appropriate for governments to support their use by broadening mobile phone networks, improving supporting infrastructure and providing better technical support in the remote areas where many Aboriginal people live. In addition, these technologies could provide the platform on which to build applications to improve health, education and other services to their communities.

Dyson, LE, Litchfield, AJ & Raban, R 1970, 'Exploring Theories of Learning and Teaching Using Mobile Technologies: Comparisons of Traditional Learning, eLearning and mLearning', mLearn 2010 - The 9th World Conference on Mobile and Contextual Learning - Conference Proceedings, World Conference on Mobile and Contextual Learning, University of Malta, Valletta, Malta, pp. 354-357.
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This short paper explores relevant theories for mobile learning and teaching by contrasting it with the learning that occurs in the traditional, didactic lecture and in typical implementations of eLearning. It examines existing mLearning theories and explores these through one example of mLearning, student-generated vodcasts. The application of concepts such as student-centred learning, active learning, learning conversations, existing student practices with mobile devices and the affordances they offer reveal that mLearning, as exemplified by student-generated vodcasts, is fundamentally different from traditional face-to-face lectures and eLearning. However, it is also noted that not all mLeaming leads to better educational outcomes and that more emphasis needs to be placed on learner engagement and student centred learning as fundamental concepts of any mLearning theory.

Eager, DM 1970, 'Children need risk in play', SA Recreation Conference, Adelaide, South Australia.

Eager, DM 1970, 'Playground equipment certification and compliance', Parks and Leisure Australia 2010 Annual Conference, Adelaide, Australia.

Eager, DM 1970, 'Playground surfacing 101', The Nature of Play - Kidsafe Playground Conference, Perth, Western Australia.
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Playground surfacing is typically the least understood area of playground design, installation and maintenance. It is the causal link to the majority of playground injuries and inadequate or poorly maintained surfacing is the most common non-compliance issue that is consistently identified in playground studies. It is the surfacing onto which our children will impact when they inevitably fall from the play equipment and it is this surfacing that is absolutely necessary for the reduction of children's serious injury caused by these falls. This paper will discuss common playground surfacing issues and questions including: Definitions and requirements what is playground surfacing and when is it required? What's the difference in the various playground surfacing systems? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each system? Testing and certification. Will a compliant system eliminate accidents?

Elbialy, S, Mahmoud, A, Pradhan, B & Buchroithner, M 1970, 'An integrated hydrological modelling approach for flood forecasting using GIS: An example of Gottleuba Catchment, Saxony, Germany', EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, p. 6118.

Elbialy, S, Mahmoud, A, Pradhan, B & Buchroithner, M 1970, 'Application of Space-borne SAR data for the extraction of soil moisture and its use in hydrological flood modelling in GIS: a case study in Gottleuba Catchment, Saxony, Germany', 38th COSPAR Scientific Assembly, p. 5.

Eliot, F, Thizy, C, Shannon, A, Stockman, Y & Logut, D 1970, 'Thermo-elastic distortion measurements by holographic interferometry and correlation with finite element models for SiC connections/junctions on spacecraft', 61st International Astronautical Congress 2010, IAC 2010, pp. 1993-2006.
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The objective of this study is to improve and develop analytical connections modelling guidelines that can have a preponderant impact on instruments stability. For that purpose, samples have been designed to be representative of glued and bolted connections/junctions that can be encountered in stable structures on spacecraft. In this study, material characteristics are assumed to be well known: Silicon Carbide (SiC) and Titanium (TA6V) have been retained. For the tests, temperature variations between -20K and +15K from ambient have been applied to the samples. Thermo-elastic distortions have been measured with a holographic camera. This holographic camera can measure displacements in the range of 20 nm to 20 μm without physical contact with the samples. The tests results have been compared to the predictions obtained by Finite Element Modelling. From this comparison modelling guidelines have been issued with the aim of improving the accuracy of computed thermo elastic distortions. A second phase to this study is planned. The objective is to implement all the benefits on improvement of thermo-elastic distortions predictions and verification achieved during the first phase on real spacecraft hardware.

Elliott, RM, McKinley, SM & Eager, D 1970, 'A pilot study of sound levels in an Australian adult general intensive care unit', NOISE & HEALTH, 6th Annual Congress of the World Federation of Critical Care Nurses and 10th Congress of the World Federation of the Societies of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine, WOLTERS KLUWER MEDKNOW PUBLICATIONS, Florence, Italy, pp. 26-36.
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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: High technology and activity levels in the intensive care unit (ICU) lead to high sound levels. As noise has been shown to affect the ability of patients to rest and sleep continuous sound levels are required during sleep investigations. The aim of this pilot study was to develop a robust protocol to measure continuous sound levels for a larger more substantive future study to improve sleep for the ICU patient. METHODS: A review of published studies of sound levels revealed sufficient information to develop a study protocol (twenty-three papers were used). An integrated sound level meter Class 1 was used. The microphone was placed 0.75 to 1m above the patientâs head. Sound recording was simultaneous to 24 hour sleep monitoring (polysomnography). Five broadband parameters were set: LAeq, LCpeak, LAFmax, LAFmin and LCeq along with LZ spectra recorded at a sampling and logging frequency of one sample per second. RESULTS: The study protocol resulted in 10 usable recordings out of 11 attempts to collect pilot data. The mean recording time was 17.49±4.5 hours. Sound levels exceeded recommendations made by the World Health Organization (WHO) for hospitals. The mean equivalent sound level (LAeq) was 56.22±1.65 dB and LA90 was 46.8±2.46 dB. CONCLUSION: The data reveal the requirement for a noise reduction program within this ICU. GRANT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: Australian College of Critical Care Nurses awarded a research grant of A$15,000 in 2008.

Erdei, L, Dackermann, U & Ball, JE 1970, 'Data-Driven Modelling Of Low-Pressure Hybrid Membrane Filtration Using Multivariate Polynomial Regression', Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Hydroinformatics 2010, International Conference on Hydroinformatics, Chemical Industry Press, Tianjin, CHINA, pp. 1175-1182.
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Hybrid membrane filtration processes involve complex physical, chemical, and biological phenomena, thus their mechanistic modelling is overly challenging. In this study we use multivariate polynomials to model the fouling of an in-line flocculationâsubmerged membrane filtration system. The performance of obtained models is comparable to that of artificial neural network (ANN) models, to suit the needs of process optimisation and plant control. Their additional advantages are rapid model construction, easy presentation, inspection, and use.

Erfani, SZ, Mojtahedi, SMH & Mousavi, SM 1970, 'Evaluating and implementing of Knowledge Management in the Mobile Telephone Switching Office', 2010 IEEE International Conference on Management of Innovation & Technology, 2010 IEEE International Conference on Management of Innovation & Technology, IEEE, pp. 904-909.
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This research seeks to explore the current Knowledge Management cycle practice in the Mobile Telephone Switching Office including knowledge creation, knowledge organization, knowledge sharing and knowledge leverage. The Mobile Telephone Switching Office is located in the Sistan and Baluchistan province in the southeast of Iran. We have presented the proposed model by using the knowledge management concept and taking advantage from the concept of EFQM excellence model and Deming cycle, by the purpose of continuous improvement. This paper suggests proper KM implementation is a managerial approach that can turn an organization to an agile one. In order to verify and validate the performed research the planned model has been accomplished in the Mobile Telephone Switching Office, positive and acceptable results were obtained and organizations total factor productivity increase was achieved which was appreciated by the organization. © 2010 IEEE.

Fachrunnisa, O & Hussain, FK 1970, 'A framework for creating a sustainable community in virtual environments', Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services, iiWAS '10: 12th International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services, ACM, pp. 735-742.
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There is much interest in using the virtual community as a business medium to establish a relationship between customer and stakeholders. While studies on virtual communities have widely discussed ways to sustain this community, there is the need for a complete framework or methodology to regulate members' interactions so as to produce sustainability. In order to achieve this sustainability, it is important to consider the existing trust relationship between community members and ways to identify an untrustworthy agent in a community. In this paper, we propose a framework for creating a sustainable community in Virtual Environments. The role of a third party agent and the effectiveness of continuous performance monitoring are the main keys to creating a sustainable virtual community. We also present the results of an experimental study. The study shows that the framework will help the administrator to identify all non-compliant agents after a transaction or interactions. Copyright 2010 ACM.

Fachrunnisa, O, Hussain, F & Chang, E 1970, 'State of the Art Review for Trust Maintenance in Organizations', 2010 International Conference on Complex, Intelligent and Software Intensive Systems, 2010 International Conference on Complex, Intelligent and Software Intensive Systems (CISIS), IEEE, pp. 574-580.
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The nature of trust in business relationships is dynamic rather than static. Trust has evolutionary phases or a life cycle. This pattern of evolution can be described as building, maintaining and destroying. Building trust comes at high cost and hard effort. Therefore, once trust has been established in a business relationship, every effort must be made to maintain it. Maintaining trust can be defined as an effort to maximize the benefits of a relationship and to prevent the level of trust from decreasing to the destroying phase. Grounded in state-of-the-art literature, this paper presents current insights for the research into trust maintenance and suggests directions for future research in this field. © 2010 IEEE.

Far, H, Fatahi, B & Samali, B 1970, 'Seismic Behaviour of Steel Moment Resisting Buildings on Soft Soil Considering Soil-Structure Interaction', Proceeding of the 14 European Conference on Earthquake Engineering 2010, European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Macedonian Association for Earthquake Engineering (MAEE), Ohrid, Macedonia, pp. 1720-1727.
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The 1985 Mexico City and many other recent earthquakes clearly illustrate the importance of local soil properties on the earthquake response of structures. These earthquakes demonstrated that the rock motions could be amplified at the base of the structure. Therefore, there is a strong engineering motivation for a site-dependent dynamic response analysis for many foundations to determine the free-field earthquake motions. The determination of a realistic site-dependent free-field surface motion at the base of the structure can be the most important step in the earthquake resistant design of structures. In this study, the effects of Soil-Structure Interaction on seismic behaviour of steel moment resisting building frames have been studied using Finite Difference Method. Two types of mid-rise structures, including 5 and 15 storey buildings on a soft soil deposit have been selected and analysed under influence of three different earthquake acceleration records. The above mentioned frames been analysed under two different boundary conditions: (i) fixed-base (no soil-structure interaction), and (ii) flexible-base (considering soil-structure interaction). The results of the analyses in terms of structural forces and lateral displacements for the above mentioned boundary conditions have been compared and discussed. It is concluded that the dynamic soil-structure interaction plays a significant role in the seismic behaviour of the mentioned building frames including substantial increment in lateral inter-storey drifts of the structures and changing the performance level of the structures from life safe to near collapse or total collapse. Thus, Considering SSI effects in seismic design of steel moment resisting building frames resting on soft soil deposit is essential.

Far, H, Samali, B & Fatahi, B 1970, 'Effects of Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction on Inelastic Behaviour of Mid-Rise Moment Resisting Buildings on Soft Soils', AEES Conference 2010 - Australian Earthquake Engineering Society 2010 Conference, Australian Earthquake Engineering Society Conference, Australian Earthquake Engineering Society, Perth, Western Australia, pp. 1-11.
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In this study, a ten storey moment resisting building frame, representing the conventional type of regular mid-rise building frames, resting on shallow foundation, is selected in conjunction with a clayey soil, representing subsoil class Ee, as classified in the AS 1170.4. The structural sections are designed after applying dynamic nonlinear time history analysis, based on both elastic method, and inelastic procedure using elastic-perfectly plastic behaviour of structural elements. The frame sections are modelled and analysed, employing Finite Difference Method using FLAC 2D software under two different boundary conditions: (i) fixed-base (no Soil-Structure Interaction), and (ii) considering Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI). Fully nonlinear dynamic analysis under influence of different earthquake records is conducted and the results of the two different cases for elastic and inelastic behaviour of the structural model are extracted and compared respectively. The results indicate that the lateral deflection increments for both cases are substantially dominating and can change the performance level of the structures from life safe to near collapse or total collapse. Therefore, conventional elastic and inelastic structural analysis methods assuming fixed-base structure may no longer be adequate to guarantee the structural safety. Therefore, considering SSI effects in seismic design of concrete moment resisting building frames resting on soft soil deposit is essential.

Fatahi, B, Far, H & Samali, B 1970, 'Influence Of Soil Characteristics On Seismic Response Of Mid-Rise Moment Resisting Buildings Considering Soil-Structure Interaction', Seismic Engineering Design for Management of Geohazards - Proceedings of the 2010 Symposium, Seismic Engineering Design for Management of Geohazards, The Australian Geomechanics Society, Sydney, NSW, Australia, pp. 67-74.
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In this study, a fifteen storey moment resisting building frame, representing the conventional types of regular mid-rise building frames, resting on a shallow foundation, is selected in conjunction with three soil types with the shear wave velocity less that 600m/s, representing classes Ce, De and Ee, according to AS 1170.4. Characteristics of the employed soils have been extracted from the available geotechnical investigation reports of various projects. Furthermore, the structure is modelled considering the three mentioned types of the subsoil medium underneath employing the Finite Difference approach using FLAC 2D software. Three strong ground motion records adopted by the international community as benchmark earthquakes are used. These are the 1968 Hachinohe, the 1995 Kobe and the 1994 Northridge earthquakes. Fully nonlinear dynamic analysis under influence of different earthquake records is conducted, and the results of the three different cases are compared and discussed. The results indicate that the dynamic properties of the subsoil play a significant role in seismic response of the building frames under the influence of soil-structure interaction. As the shear wave velocity of the subsoil decreases, lateral deflections and inter-storey drifts of the structures increase which can change the performance level of the structures from life safe to near collapse or total collapse.

Feng, J-Y, Wang, M-C, Wang, C & Cao, L-B 1970, 'Enhanced co-occurrence distances for categorical data in unsupervised learning', 2010 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, 2010 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (ICMLC), IEEE, Qingdao, pp. 2071-2078.
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Distance metrics for categorical data play an important role in unsupervised learning such as clustering. They also dramatically affect learning accuracy and computational complexities. Recently, two co-occurrence methods, Co-occurrence Distance based on

Feuerlicht, G 1970, 'Next Generation SOA: Can SOA Survive Cloud Computing?', Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 19-29.
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SOA has been widely adopted as architecture of choice to address the requirements of modern organizations, but there are recent indications that many companies are not willing to make the substantial investment required for the transition to SOA in the current economic climate. Recent emergence of Cloud Computing is accelerating the trend of delivering enterprise applications and IT infrastructure in the form of externally provided services. The convergence of Cloud Computing, SaaS and Web 2.0 are redefining the very basis on which the computer industry has operated for decades, challenging some of the key SOA assumptions and principles. In this paper we discuss the challenges that Cloud Computing presents to established concepts in enterprise computing in general, and consider the specific architectural challenges and their implications to future development of SOA. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010.

Fookes, C, Denman, S, Lakemond, R, Ryan, D, Sridharan, S & Piccardi, M 1970, 'Semi-supervised intelligent surveillance system for secure environments', 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE 2010), IEEE, Bari, Italy, pp. 2815-2820.
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This paper proposes a semi-supervised intelligent visual surveillance system to exploit the information from multi-camera networks for the monitoring of people and vehicles. Modules are proposed to perform critical surveillance tasks including: the manag

Gaddis, E, Adams, C & Voinov, A 1970, 'Effective engagement of stakeholders in Total Maximum Daily Load development and implementation', Modelling for Environment's Sake: Proceedings of the 5th Biennial Conference of the International Environmental Modelling and Software Society, iEMSs 2010, pp. 530-538.
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Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) identify the maximum amount of pollution that a water body can receive and still support its designated uses and allocates the maximum load to specific sources in the watershed. In the United States, The Clean Water Act requires public participation in the process of TMDL development. This requirement has been met through simple presentation of results at public meetings, strategic partnerships with key stakeholders, and/or to advisory committees in which stakeholders participate in critical decisions about TMDL definition and implementation. These decisions include model selection and assumptions, selection of water quality endpoints, load allocations, TMDL review, and implementation planning. In this article, we discuss the benefits and challenges of early and targeted engagement of stakeholders in TMDL development through a participatory modelling process based on our experience in Utah and Vermont.

Gang Lei, Shao, KR, Yang, GY, Youguang Guo, Jianguo Zhu & Lavers, JD 1970, 'Sequential design of experiments techniques for the optimization design of electromagnetic devices', Digests of the 2010 14th Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation, 2010 14th Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation (CEFC 2010), IEEE, pp. 1-1.
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Three sequential design of experiments (uniform, Latin hypercube and central composite designs) techniques are presented to deal with the optimization design problems of electromagnetic devices. These methods can be employed not only as the sampling techniques for the sequential optimization method, but also as a direct sampling optimization method. Thereafter, we use a TEAM Workshop problem to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed methods. From the experiments and the comparison, we can see that the proposed methods can produce satisfactory solutions, and the compute cost of the total finite element analysis can be remarkably reduced. © 2010 IEEE.

Gao, S, Tsang, IW-H & Chia, L-T 1970, 'Kernel Sparse Representation for Image Classification and Face Recognition', Computer Vision - ECCV 2010, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, European Conference on Computer Vision, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Crete, Greece, pp. 1-14.
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Recent research has shown the effectiveness of using sparse coding(Sc) to solve many computer vision problems. Motivated by the fact that kernel trick can capture the nonlinear similarity of features, which may reduce the feature quantization error and boost the sparse coding performance, we propose Kernel Sparse Representation(KSR). KSR is essentially the sparse coding technique in a high dimensional feature space mapped by implicit mapping function. We apply KSR to both image classification and face recognition. By incorporating KSR into Spatial Pyramid Matching(SPM), we propose KSRSPM for image classification. KSRSPM can further reduce the information loss in feature quantization step compared with Spatial Pyramid Matching using Sparse Coding(ScSPM). KSRSPM can be both regarded as the generalization of Efficient Match Kernel(EMK) and an extension of ScSPM. Compared with sparse coding, KSR can learn more discriminative sparse codes for face recognition. Extensive experimental results show that KSR outperforms sparse coding and EMK, and achieves state-of-the-art performance for image classification and face recognition on publicly available datasets.

Gao, S, Tsang, IW-H, Chia, L-T & Zhao, P 1970, 'Local features are not lonely &#x2013; Laplacian sparse coding for image classification', 2010 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2010 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), IEEE, San Francisco, CA, pp. 3555-3561.
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Sparse coding which encodes the original signal in a sparse signal space, has shown its state-of-the-art performance in the visual codebook generation and feature quantization process of BoW based image representation. However, in the feature quantization process of sparse coding, some similar local features may be quantized into different visual words of the codebook due to the sensitiveness of quantization. In this paper, to alleviate the impact of this problem, we propose a Laplacian sparse coding method, which will exploit the dependence among the local features. Specifically, we propose to use histogram intersection based kNN method to construct a Laplacian matrix, which can well characterize the similarity of local features. In addition, we incorporate this Laplacian matrix into the objective function of sparse coding to preserve the consistence in sparse representation of similar local features. Comprehensive experimental results show that our method achieves or outperforms existing state-of-the-art results, and exhibits excellent performance on Scene 15 data set.

Gao, S, Wang, Z, Chia, L-T & Tsang, IW-H 1970, 'Automatic image tagging via category label and web data', Proceedings of the 18th ACM international conference on Multimedia, MM '10: ACM Multimedia Conference, ACM, pp. 1115-1118.
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Image tagging is an important technique for the image content understanding and text based image processing. Given a selection of images, how to tag these images efficiently and effectively is an interesting problem. In this paper, a novel semi-auto image tagging technique is proposed: By assigning each image a category label first, our method can automatically recommend those promising tags to each image by utilizing existing vast web data. The main contributions of our paper can be highlighted as follows: (i) By assigning each image a category label, our method can automatically recommend other tags to the image, thus reducing the human annotation efforts. Meanwhile, our method guarantee tags' diversity due to abundant web data. (ii) We use sparse coding to automatically select those semantically related images for tag propagation. (iii) Local & global ranking agglomeration will make our method robust to noisy tags. We use Event dataset as the images to be tagged, and crawled Flickr images with their associated tags according to the category label in Event dataset as the auxiliary web data. Experimental results show that our method achieves promising performance for image tagging, which proves the effectiveness of our method. © 2010 ACM.

Gao, Y, Zhang, G, Lu, J & Wee, H-M 1970, 'A BI-LEVEL PRICING MODEL AND A PSO BASED ALGORITHM IN SUPPLY CHAINS', INTELLIGENT DECISION MAKING SYSTEMS, International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Knowledge Engineering, WORLD SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING ACAD AND SOC, Hasselt Univ, Hasselt, BELGIUM, pp. 394-401.
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Due to rapid technological innovation and severe competition, in hi-tech industries such as computers and communication, the upstream component price and the downstream product cost usually decline significantly with time. In such a background, an effective pricing supply chain model becomes crucial. This paper first establishes a bi-level pricing model for pricing problems for a buyer and a vendor in a supply chain. Then, a particle swarm optimization Q>SO) based algorithm is developed to solve the problem defined by this model. Experiments illustrate that this algorithm can achieve more profits for both a buyer and a vendor compared with the existing methods.

Gardner, A & Willey, K 1970, 'Does pre-feedback self reflection improve student engagement, learning outcomes and tutor facilitation of group feedback sessions?', Engineering Education 2010: Inspiring the Next Generation of Engineers, EE 2010, Engineering Education Conference, The Higher Education Academy Engineering Subject Centre, Aston University, UK, pp. 1-10.
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The authors have previously reported the effectiveness of using self and peer assessment to improve learning outcomes by providing opportunities to practise, assess and provide feedback on students' learning and development. Despite this work and the research of others, we observed some students felt they had nothing to learn from feedback sessions. Hence they missed the opportunity for reflection and to receive feedback to complete the learning cycle. This behaviour suggested that students needed more guidance to facilitate deeper engagement. We hypothesised that student engagement would increase if they were provided with guiding 'feedback catalyst questions' to initiate reflection and facilitate effective feedback on learning outcomes. In this paper we report testing whether this approach assisted students to gain more benefit from the self and peer assessment feedback sessions. In our investigation both students and tutors were asked to evaluate the effectiveness of the feedback catalyst questions in improving student engagement and learning. We found that the pre-feedback self reflection exercise improved learning outcomes and student engagement with more than 80% of students reporting multiple benefits. Furthermore tutors reported that the exercise assisted them to facilitate their sessions. However, not surprisingly the degree of success was related in part to the attitude of the tutor to the exercise. This suggests that while the feedback catalyst questions were extremely effective there is no substitute for enthusiastic and engaging tutorial staff. © 2010 Gardner & Willey.

Gardner, AP & Jolly, L 1970, 'Past, Present, Future - the 'keys' to engineering education reseach & practice', Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference of the Australasian Association for Engineering Education, Annual Conference of the Australasian Association for Engineeering Education, Faculty of Engineering & IT, University of Technology, Sydney, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia.

Gardner, AP & Willey, K 1970, 'Critical Conversations: How Collaborative Learning Activities Can Prepare Students for Structural Engineering Practice', Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference for the Australasian Association for Engineering Education, Annual Conference of Australasian Association for Engineering Education, University of Technology, Sydney, Sydney, Australia, pp. 468-476.
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Junior structural engineers rarely work alone. Their design calculations are usually peer reviewed, and they may be involved in reviewing other engineersâ designs. They are also likely to have to articulate their design decisions to their supervisor or the project team, if not the client. At the University of Technology, Sydney the authors redesigned the asssessment tasks in the subject Concrete Design to be collaborative learning-oriented tasks that provide an opportunity for students to develop and practice the skills they will need to interact with other professionals in the workplace and continue learning during their career. We theorised that allowing students to collaborate during quizzes and a project would make these activities more learning-oriented, in that students would actively learn from each other while completing their assessment. Data from various sources were collected to examine the impact of this collaborative assessment on student learning. These sources included instructor observation, analysis of student responses to a reflection activity, student surveys and student results. Students reported that not only were these activities enjoyable but they also significantly improved their learning.

Gay, V, Leijdekkers, P & Barin, E 1970, 'Feasibility trial of a novel mobile cardiac rehabilitation application', The 12th IEEE International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services, 2010 12th IEEE International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom 2010), IEEE, Lyon, France, pp. 86-92.
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A trial with a cardiac rehabilitation centre is in progress where we test a novel cardiac rehab application using a standard mobile phone and wireless sensors. The goal is to obtain insight how remote monitoring compares to conventional rehabilitation methods in terms of adherence to cardiac rehabilitation programmes. In this trial we seek feedback from patients and health professionals regarding usability and practicability of the software and hardware used and we investigate whether the use of the novel mobile rehabilitation application provides clinically meaningful reassurance to patients during their cardiac rehabilitation. The trial also investigates whether physical and psychological measures improve using the system. This paper describes the mobile cardiac rehabilitation application as well as the setup of the trial.

Gay, VC & Leijdekkers, P 1970, 'Body Sensor networks for Mobile Health Monitoring', 2010 Fourth International Conference on Digital society ICDS 2010, 2010 Fourth International Conference on Digital society ICDS 2010, IEEE Computer Society, St Maarten, Netherlands Antilles, pp. 204-209.
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Abstractâ Remote ambulatory monitoring is widely seen as playing a key part in addressing the impending crisis in health care provision. We describe two mobile health solutions, one developed in the Netherlands and one in Australia. In both cases patientsâ biosignals are measured by means of body worn sensors which communicate wirelessly with a handheld device. Alarms and biosignals can be transmitted over wireless communication links to a remote location, and a remote health professional can view the biosignals via a web application. The clinical purposes are similar, however the technological approaches differ in some respects. We compare the two approaches and the experience gained working with a number of different patient groups and clinical specialties during trials in Europe and Australia.

Ge, Y, Esselle, KP & Bird, TS 1970, 'Compact broadband dielectric resonator antennas', 2010 International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications, 2010 International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA), IEEE, pp. 213-215.
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A method to design ultra-wideband dielectric resonator antennas is described. The volume of the antenna is further reduced by employing the standard conducting mirror wall technique. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated using HFSS simulations. ©2010 IEEE.

George, L, Lehmann, T & Hamilton, TJ 1970, 'Reusable Power Supply ICs for E-Waste Reduction in Mobile Consumer Electronics', Proceedings of the Annual International Conference on Infocomm Technologies in Competitive Strategies, Annual International Conference on Infocomm Technologies in Competitive Strategies, Global Science and Technology Forum.
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Gide, E & Wu, RMX 1970, 'Strategies to Teach Information Technology Courses to International Students as Future Global Professionals: An Australian Case', World Conference on Educational Sciences (WCEC) 2010, Turkey.

Godfrey, E, Aubrey, T & King, R 1970, 'Who leaves and who stays? Retention and attrition in engineering education', Engineering Education 2010: Inspiring the Next Generation of Engineers, EE 2010, Engineering Education Conference, The Higher Education Academy Engineering Subject Centre, Aston University, UK, pp. 1-13.
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At a time of high demand for engineering graduates, the mean graduation completion rate of engineering undergraduates in Australia has been identified as approximately 54% (with considerable variation across institutions and sectors). This proportion of non-completions has been viewed as an excessive loss to the qualified workforce of Australia. Broad brush, government-collected statistics do not, however, provide the level of detail required to understand who leaves, when and why they leave, and where they go. This paper reports on a pilot study undertaken to precede and inform final decisions on research design and methodology for a multi institutional project seeking to understand and reduce student attrition from engineering degrees across Australia. The aim of the project is to produce guidelines on curriculum formulation and delivery strategies to reduce attrition in engineering programs while meeting outcomes. The pilot study was conducted at an institution which has a relatively diverse range of students, a high proportion of whom study part time, and engineering degree structures incorporating traditional and internship-based degrees. Results from a cohort analysis, tracking pathways to completion or non-completion of the degree for the cohorts from two specific entry years will be presented. From this analysis, groups of students who 'persisted over long periods', 'switched to another degree' or 'withdrew from the university' were identified and interviewed. Their experiences and stories, were an essential ingredient for a better understanding of the dynamics of retention/attrition and factors which required further questioning before proceeding with the multi institutional study. © 2009 Authors.

Godfrey, E, Aubrey, T & King, R 1970, 'Work in progress &#x2014; Academic Pathways of People Learning Engineering &#x2014; An Australian study', 2010 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), 2010 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), IEEE.
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In Australia a multi-institutional project is underway, with one of its major themes the understanding and reduction of attrition in engineering programs. The Academic Pathways for People Learning Engineering Survey (APPLES) instrument was trialled at a participating institution as a possible precursor to its application in the eight collaborating institutions. APPLES had been validated and delivered to over 4000 engineering undergraduates by the Academic Pathways Study in the US. The survey was trialled with 259 engineering students from different year levels to explore its potential to find links between students' perceptions of their motivation, skills and confidence with their goals to continue to degree completion and employment in engineering. This paper reports on the initial findings from the Australian pilot study. Matching the self reported data in the survey with statistical data has, even at this initial stage, highlighted some discrepancies and topics for further investigation. © 2010 IEEE.

Godfrey, E, Aubrey, T, Crosthwaite, C & King, R 1970, 'Who leaves and when do they go? Retention and attrition in engineering education', 2010 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), 2010 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), IEEE.
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At a time of high demand for engineering graduates, the mean graduation completion rate of engineering undergraduates in Australia has been identified as approximately 54% (with considerable variation across institutions and sectors). This paper reports on the initial results of cohort analyses undertaken at two engineering degree granting institutions as part of a multi institutional project seeking to understand and reduce student attrition from engineering degrees across Australia. Both institutions have a predominantly urban student population and location, but whilst one offers a conventional four year degree the other integrates two semesters of internship into its degree structure. A cohort analysis procedure, tracking pathways to completion or non-completion of the degree, applicable across diverse institutions, was piloted. Attributes such as gender, academic background, full or part time study, engineering major and student maturity were identified for each member of the cohort. The patterns revealed by these fine grained cohort analyses challenged some anecdotal perceptions and provided evidence of the inadequate nature of generalizations around attrition statistics, and the need for institutional context and culture to be considered. © 2010 Crown.

Goldfinch, T & Gardner, A 1970, 'The wheel has already been invented: Facilitating students' use of existing mechanics resources', Engineering Education 2010: Inspiring the Next Generation of Engineers, EE 2010, Engineering Education Conference, The Higher Education Academy Engineering Subject Centre, Aston University, UK, pp. 1-6.
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Weve been teaching engineering mechanics to first year engineering students for a long time, yet at many engineering faculties around the world there are still significant failure rates⋯ Educators have tried many different approaches to address persistent high failure rates in first year engineering mechanics courses. These approaches often involve the development of new mechanics learning resources in a variety of styles depending on the perceived learning obstacle. As part of a project funded by the Australian Learning and Teaching Council on addressing student learning diversity in engineering mechanics we have developed a framework for reviewing these existing learning resources. This framework has been used to create a database of references to resources, categorising them by attributes such as topics covered and depth of coverage, suitable student learning styles, appropriate learner levels, copyright and accessibility issues. While it is anticipated that academics will use the database to complement their normal subject delivery, it has been developed with student users as the main target audience. Student focus groups have shown that independent study can be ineffective, particularly after hours when assistance is unavailable. The aim of this database is to encourage students to be proactive in improving the quality of their learning by assisting them to select learning resources best suited to their needs, in both content and style of delivery. In this paper we describe the elements of the framework used to review engineering mechanics resources, the resultant database of resources, and the planned evaluation of its effectiveness in improving learning outcomes. The authors intend to demonstrate use of the database at the conference. © 2010 Goldfinch & Gardner.

Goldfinch, T, Gardner, AP, McCarthy, T, Henderson, A, Thomas, G & Carew, A 1970, 'A Tool for Online Mechanics Learning Resource Sharing', Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference for the Australasian Association for Engineering Education, 21st Annual Conference for the Australasian Association for Engineering Education (AaeE 2010), University of Technology, Sydney, Sydney, Australia, pp. 448-453.
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Many hours and dollars have been spent developing new resources to improve learning outcomes in engineering mechanics courses. While many of these have been developed into packaged learning systems, available for purchase by other universities, a large proportion are available free of charge for students looking to expand their study options. Over the past eighteen months, a group of engineering academics, through Australian Learning and Teaching Council funding, has been working to develop a way of guiding students towards these online engineering mechanics learning resources. One of the outcomes of this work is an online, database-driven directory of existing online learning resources which are free for students to use in independent study. The database guides students towards resources through a range of search criteria that resources have each been evaluated on, including: Depth of topic coverage; suitable study patterns; appropriate learner level; learning styles, etc. This paper details the development, features, and intended uses of the database. It presents a plan for researching the effect that guided access to additional online learning resources has on perceptions of learning in first year engineering mechanics courses. The authors also extend an invitation to other educators to contribute to the system and promote its use to students in their classes.

Goldie, J, McGregor, C & Murphy, B 1970, 'Determining levels of arousal using electrocardiography: A study of HRV during transcranial magnetic stimulation', 2010 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology, 2010 32nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC 2010), IEEE, Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA, pp. 1198-1201.
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Gong, L, Xu, Y, Liu, B, Gui, L, Rong, B, Wu, Y & Zhang, W 1970, 'A Modified Belief Propagation Algorithm Based on Attenuation of the Extrinsic LLR', 2010 IEEE 72nd Vehicular Technology Conference - Fall, 2010 IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2010-Fall), IEEE, Ottawa, CANADA, pp. 1-5.
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Gong, R, Wang, S, Luo, X, Qiu, J, Zhu, JG & Guo, Y 1970, 'Simulation and optimization of structure parameters in 550kV disconnectors based on Response Surface Method', Digests of the 2010 14th Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation, 2010 14th Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation (CEFC 2010), IEEE, pp. 1-1.
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In this paper, the simulation and optimization electric field distribution in 550kV disconnectors of Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) are investigated employing the Finite Element Method (FEM) and Response Surface Method (RSM). The simulation results reveal that a uniform electric field distribution is achieved in 550kV disconnectors of GIS. This optimal prototype of disconnectors has been undertaken the experiments under power frequency withstanding voltage of 740kV for 1 minute, lightening impulse of 1675kV, and operating impulse of 1300kV, respectively. The structure design and the reliability of the optimized disconnectors are verified. © 2010 IEEE.

Grant, S, Dyson, LE & Robertson, T 1970, 'A participatory approach to the inclusion of indigenous Australians in information technology', Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Participatory Design Conference, PDC '10: The 11th Biennial Participatory Design Conference, ACM, University of Technology Sydney, Australia, pp. 207-210.
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Improving Indigenous access to university education has been a major focus in Australia over the last four decades. However, despite success in several areas of recognised priority to the Indigenous community, participation in Information Technology (IT) degree programs remained very low throughout the 1980s and â90s. The University of Technology, Sydney began a project to address this very issue in 2001. The Indigenous Participation in IT Project was initiated by the Faculty of Information Technology in collaboration with Indigenous Australians and members of staff of the Faculty. This project culminated in the design of a participatory IT program that has successfully seen the numbers of Indigenous students and staff in the Faculty increase. A number of factors were identified as contributing to this success. These included an improvement to recruitment processes, the building of a personalised approach to student support and the growing acceptance of the program as part of the academic culture of the faculty. Additionally, of great importance has been the development of the program as a collaboration between Indigenous staff and students and nonIndigenous staff at all levels of decision making and implementation.

Gunsel, A & Cetindamar, D 1970, 'Technology Audit: An Empirical Study on SMEs of Istanbul', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON INNOVATION AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP, 5th European Conference on Entrepreneurship and Innovation, ACAD CONFERENCES LTD, Natl & Kapodistrian Univ Athens, Athens, GREECE, pp. 263-272.

Guo, W, Xu, C, Ma, S & Xu, M 1970, 'Visual Attention Based Motion Object Detection and Trajectory Tracking', 11th Pacific Rim Conference on Multimedia, Springer, Shanghai China, pp. 462-470.
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A motion trajectory tracking method using a novel visual attention model and kernel density estimation is proposed in this paper. As a crucial step, moving objects detection is based on visual attention. The visual attention model is built by combination of the static and motion feature attention map and a Karhunen-Loeve transform (KLT) distribution map. Since the visual attention analysis is conducted on object level instead of pixel level, the proposed method can detect any kinds of motion objects provided saliency without the affection of objects appearance and surrounding circumstance. After locating the region of moving object, the kernel density is estimated for trajectory tracking. The experimental results show that the proposed method is promising for moving objects detection and trajectory tracking.

Guo, W, Xu, C, Ma, S & Xu, M 1970, 'Visual attention based small object segmentation in natual images', 2010 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 2010 17th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2010), IEEE, Hongkong, pp. 1565-1568.
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Small object segmentation is a challenging task in image processing and computer vision. In this paper we propose a visual attention based segmentation approach to segment interesting objects with small size in natural images. Different from traditional methods which use the single feature vectors, visual attention analysis is used on local and global features to extract the region of interesting objects. Within the region selected by visual attention analysis, Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) is applied to further locate the object region. By incorporation of visual attention analysis into object segmentation, the proposed approach is able to narrow the searching region for object segmentation so as to increase the segmentation accuracy and reduce the computational complex. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach is efficient for object segmentation in natural images, especially for small objects. The proposed method outperforms traditional GMM based segmentation significantly. © 2010 IEEE.

Guo, Y, Jin, J, Zhu, J, Lu, H & Xu, W 1970, 'Performance analysis of a linear synchronous motor with HTS bulk magnets', The XIX International Conference on Electrical Machines - ICEM 2010, 2010 XIX International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM), IEEE, Rome, Italy, pp. 1-5.
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The study on high temperature superconducting (HTS) bulk magnets and their application has attracted much attention. This paper presents the performance analysis of a linear synchronous motor (LSM) with HTS bulk magnets for driving an HTS maglev vehicle model. Finite element magnetic field analysis is carried out for computing the magnetic field distribution and key parameters of the LSM, and an equivalent electrical circuit is then applied to predict the motor performance, showing that the presented motor is appropriate for driving the model vehicle. The LSM has been prototyped, installed in the maglev vehicle model, and tested for validating the theoretical analysis.

Ha, PN, Fujita, H, Ozaki, K & Uchida, N 1970, 'Analysis and control of the heat distribution in a zone-control induction heating system', The 2010 International Power Electronics Conference - ECCE ASIA -, 2010 International Power Electronics Conference (IPEC - Sapporo), IEEE, Sapporo, Japan, pp. 2324-2330.
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This paper deals with analysis and control of the heat distribution in zone-control induction heating (ZCIH) systems. A ZCIH system consists of two or more split working coils and inverter units, which enables to control the heat and/or temperature distribution on the workpiece by adjusting the current amplitude through each working coil. This paper carries out the theoretical analysis of the generated heat in the workpiece, and reveals a relation between the coil currents and the heat distribution. As a results, it is also clarified that the heat distribution can be estimated by a simple calculation using a three-dimensional resistance matrix. The experimental results are shown to verify the validity of the developed theory by using a six-zone ZCIH laboratory setup.

Hagelstein, B, Abolhasan, M, Franklin, DR & Safaei, F 1970, 'An efficient opportunistic cooperative diversity protocol for IEEE 802.11 networks.', IWCMC, International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference, ACM, Caen, France, pp. 417-421.
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Opportunistic cooperation promises to enhance the user experience when streaming media over wireless devices by improving wireless network reliability at the link level. This paper presents DAFMAC, an efficient cooperative diversity partner selection algorithm for IEEE 802.11 devices. Simulation results show DAFMAC provides a significantly higher transmission reliability in poor channel conditions than traditional ARQ techniques without modifying the device hardware. Further analysis shows the low overhead of DAFMAC makes it highly competitive with other proposed cooperative retransmission mechanisms in an ad-hoc network.

Hai Zhao, Dengqing Cao & Xinqun Zhu 1970, 'Aerodynamic flutter and limit cycle analysis for a 2-D wing with pitching freeplay in the supersonic flow', 2010 3rd International Symposium on Systems and Control in Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2010 3rd International Symposium on Systems and Control in Aeronautics and Astronautics (ISSCAA 2010), IEEE, pp. 1105-1109.
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The problem of flutter and limit cycle oscillation (LCO) for two-degrees-of freedom airfoil with structural and aerodynamic nonlinearities is addressed in this paper. The model which includes freeplay in pitching is established using the Lagrange equation. The aerodynamic lift and moment are derived in terms of the 3rd-order piston theory. The forth order Runge-Kutta method is employed to solve the nonlinear dynamic equations numerically. Period response, multi-periodic response and chaotic motion are observed after investigating the phase plane and power spectral density diagrams. Bifurcation diagram of the pitching is obtained with gradually increasing values of the dimensionless air speed. The results indicate that the critical flutter speed is lower than that of the system without freeplay. It can be also concluded from the simulation that the initial value and the magnitude of the freeplay have significant effects on the dynamic motion of the system in both regions of stable and LCO. The dimensionless air speed region in which the system behaves chaotic motion is wider than that reported in the existing literature. ©2010 IEEE.

Hamedanimojarrad, P, Adam, G, Ray, A, Vessalas, K, Thomas, P & Thomas, S 1970, 'A novel multi-functional expansive additive for drying shrinkage reduction in mortars', Incorporating Sustainable Practice in Mechanics of Structures and Materials - Proceedings of the 21st Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials (ACMSM21), Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, CRC Press, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 877-881.
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Several shrinkage compensating additives and admixtures are currently used in mortar and concrete. This study deals with the literature review and categorization of different classes of expansive additives with the objective of introducing a new range of polymeric additive. In this investigation an inorganic polymer, which is a multifunctional expansive additive, was used in different mixes of mortar. The results of experiments on drying shrinkage as well as its effect on several physical properties are reported. The new polymeric additive used in the experiments were found to decrease the amount of drying shrinkage when compared with a control mixture through the reaction of the inorganic polymer with calcium hydroxide forming a stable binder as well as an expansive agent. This new additive also proved to have a positive effect on some fresh and hardened properties of mortar.

Hamilton, TJ, Tapson, J, Jin, C & van Schaik, A 1970, 'Investigating the implications of outer hair cell connectivity using a silicon cochlea', Proceedings of 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems - ISCAS 2010, IEEE, pp. 3817-3820.
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In this paper we present results from several implementations of silicon cochleae whose dynamics are governed by the Hopf equation. These silicon cochleae exhibit the majority of active, nonlinear characteristics of the biological cochlea such as large-signal compression, two-tone suppression, the creation of distortion products and so forth. Here we explore the coupling between resonant sections of the basilar membrane to investigate phenomena such as masking and the characteristic frequency response curve of the cochlea at a particular place along the basilar membrane. We see that the interaction of resonant sections can account for these phenomena and that we can use these observations to partially explain the connectivity of the afferent and efferent fibres to the outer hair cells. This work not only gives us valuable insight into the dynamical behaviour of the early auditory system but it also highlights the benefits of building circuits of these complex systems in order to produce models whose parameters can be tuned and whose outputs can be observed and measured in real-time. ©2010 IEEE.

Hawryszkiewycz, IT 1970, 'A framework for synchronizing collaborative technology with changing enterprise environment', 2010 International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems, 2010 International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems, IEEE, Chicago, Illinois, pp. 216-224.
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Greater emphasis on innovation of products and services calls for greater attention to the way organizations support collaboration in their business activities. Such support is usually provided by collaborative technologies, which must co-evolve as the collaboration evolves. This requires ways to manage changes in a way that synchronizes technical and business evolution. The paper focuses on providing a systematic approach to manage change and ensure that technologies co-evolve with changes in business requirements. The approach is two fold. One is to develop a flexible collaborative infrastructure to support collaboration. The other is to describe collaborative business processes from a number of perspectives to provide the concepts to describe change. Change is then made by applying changes to the perspectives using the concepts in an orderly sequence. The perspectives include activity, process, knowledge and social perspectives. Semantics of change and its implementation in collaborative software are then defined in terms of the perspectives.

He, X, Wei, D, Lam, K-M, Li, J, Wang, L, Jia, W & Wu, Q 1970, 'Canny Edge Detection Using Bilateral Filter on Real Hexagonal Structure', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision System, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Sydney, Australia, pp. 233-244.
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Edge detection plays an important role in image processing area. This paper presents a Canny edge detection method based on bilateral filtering which achieves better performance than single Gaussian filtering. In this form of filtering, both spatial closeness and intensity similarity of pixels are considered in order to preserve important visual cues provided by edges and reduce the sharpness of transitions in intensity values as well. In addition, the edge detection method proposed in this paper is achieved on sampled images represented on a real hexagonal structure. Due to the compact and circular nature of the hexagonal lattice, a better quality edge map is obtained on the hexagonal structure than common edge detection on square structure. Experimental results using proposed methods exhibit also the faster speed of detection on hexagonal structure. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.

Henderson-Sellers, B & Gonzalez-Perez, C 1970, 'Granularity in Conceptual Modelling: Application to Metamodels', CONCEPTUAL MODELING - ER 2010, International Conference on Conceptual Modelling, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Vancouver, Canada, pp. 219-232.
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The granularity of conceptual models depends at least in part on the granularity of their underpinning metamodel. Here we investigate the theory of granularity as it can be applied to conceptual modelling and, especially, metamodelling for information systems development methodologies. With a background context of situational method engineering, this paper applies some theoretical works on granularity to the study of current metamodelling approaches. It also establishes some granularity-related best practices to take into account when adopting a metamodel, especially for its future use in developing method fragments for situational method engineering. Using these best practices will result in components of better quality and, consequently, better conceptual models and methodologies.

Heyns, M, Bellenger, F, Brammertz, G, Caymax, M, Cantoro, M, De Gendt, S, De Jaeger, B, Delabie, A, Eneman, G, Groeseneken, G, Hellings, G, Houssa, M, Iacopi, F, Leonelli, D, Lin, D, Magnus, W, Martens, K, Merckling, C, Meuris, M, Mitard, J, Penaud, J, Pourtois, G, Scarrozza, M, Simoen, E, Soree, B, Van Elshocht, S, Vandenberghe, W, Vandooren, A, Vereecke, P, Verhulst, A & Wang, W-E 1970, 'Shaping the future of nanoelectronics beyond the Si roadmap with new materials and devices', OPTICAL MICROLITHOGRAPHY XXIII, Conference on Optical Microlithography XXIII, SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, San Jose, CA.
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Hidayat, R & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'IR-UWB Pulse Position Modulation and Pulse Shape Modulation Through S-V Channel Model', 2010 Second International Conference on Communication Software and Networks, 2010 Second International Conference on Communication Software and Networks, IEEE, pp. 214-217.
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Ho, P, Liu, RP & Hedley, M 1970, 'TDMA Based Code Dissemination Protocol on an Integrated Positioning and Sensing System', 2010 IEEE 72nd Vehicular Technology Conference - Fall, 2010 IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC 2010-Fall), IEEE, Ottawa, CANADA.
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Ho, P, Ren Ping Liu, Hedley, M & Xun Yang 1970, 'A QoS enabled positioning, sensing, and communication system for first responders', 2010 IEEE Sensors, 2010 Ninth IEEE Sensors Conference (SENSORS 2010), IEEE, Kona, HI, pp. 738-742.
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Hordern, D & Kirchner, N 1970, 'Robust and efficient people detection with 3-D range data using shape matching', Proceedings of the 2010 Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, ACRA 2010, Proceedings of the Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, pp. 1-9.
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Information about the location of a person is a necessity for Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) as it enables the robot to make human aware decisions and facilitates the extraction of further useful information; such as low-level gestures and gaze. This paper presents a robust method for person detection with 3-D range data using shape matching. Projections of the 3-D data onto 2-D planes are exploited to effectively and efficiently represent the data for scene segmentation and shape extraction. Fourier descriptors (FD) are used to describe the shapes and are subsequently classified with a Support Vector Machine (SVM). A database of 25 people was collected and used to test this approach. The results show that the computationally efficient shape features can be used to robustly detect the location of people.

Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR & Ramos, RA 1970, 'Dynamic transfer capability analysis with wind farms and dynamic loads', AUPEC 2010 - 20th Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference: 'Power Quality for the 21st Century', 20th Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC) - Power Quality for the 21st Century, IEEE, Univ Canterbury, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Coll Engn, Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND.
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This paper analyses the effects of different power system devices on the dynamic transfer capability of transmission lines under varying operating conditions. An investigation on the effect of dynamics loads, wind farms and flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices on the transfer capability of a heavily stressed power system is carried out. A comparative study on the enhancement of transfer capability by different types of FACTS devices is also presented. The analyses have been carried out using a test system comprised of three machines and two-areas. Based on these analyses and on the simulations results shown in this paper, it is possible to conclude that the available (dynamic) transfer capability (ATC) is not only limited by the thermal and voltage constrains, but also restricted by the dynamics of different power system devices and fault conditions.

Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR & Ramos, RA 1970, 'Impact of wind turbine penetration on the dynamic performance of interconnected power systems', AUPEC 2010 - 20th Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference: 'Power Quality for the 21st Century', 20th Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC) - Power Quality for the 21st Century, IEEE, Univ Canterbury, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Coll Engn, Christchurch, NEW ZEALAND.
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