Publications

Lammers, T 2012, Komplexitätsmanagement für Distributionssysteme Konzeption eines strategischen Ansatzes zur Komplexitätsbewertung und Ableitung von Gestaltungsempfehlungen, BoD – Books on Demand.
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Logistische Netzwerke ziehen sich von der Beschaffung über die Produktion bis hin zur Distribution durch die gesamte Wertschöpfungskette und sind auf nahezu allen Ebenen von Komplexitätsauswirkungen betroffen.

Li, H, Zhou, X, Chen, C, Huang, Y, Bao, L, Bao, T, Bao, W, Cao, W, Chu, M, Cui, C, Deng, Z, Ding, S, Du, X, Feng, P, Feng, P, Ge, Y, Hang, L, Huang, Z, Jin, W, Li, G, Li, Q, Li, Z, Li, Z, Li, L, Li, A, Li, H, Li, S, Li, G, Liu, F, Ling, T, Lu, X, Nie, J, Sun, W, Shao, Y, Shi, Y, Wang, J, Wu, B, Wang, H, Wang, L, Xiao, Y, Xu, S, Xu, J, Xu, S, Xie, T, Yan, Z, Yang, Z, Ye, L, Zhao, T, Zhang, J, Zhou, C, Zhou, X, Sarhan, A, Wang, G, Smith, ST, Sreenivasan, M, Ji, T, Kadhum, AAH, Kaveh, A, Mufti, A, Naaman, AE, Mosallam, A, Topping, BHV, Haung, CH, Chiew, SP, Aquino, C, Hui, D, Ronagh, H, Ge, HB, Harik, IE, Bungey, JH, Chen, JF, Park, J, Kida, K, Manabe, KI, Sung, KG, Moon, KM, Bathe, KJ, Lee, KS, Ho, LH, Feo, L, Bank, LC, Lee, MMK, Stewart, MG, Soutsos, MN, Utaberta, N, Sofronie, R, Sri Ravindra Rajah, R, Ibell, T, Ueda, T, Tan, KH, Hwee, TK, Hsieh, WH, Wu, ZS & Geem, ZW 2012, Preface.

Wu, L & Sandrasegaran, K 2012, A Study on Radio Access Technology Selection Algorithms, 1st, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, New York Dordrecht London.
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This book discusses the basic idea of Common Radio Resource Management (CRRM), especially on the Radio Access Technologies selection part of CRRM. It introduces two interaction functions (information reporting function and RRM decision support function) and four interaction degrees (from low to very high) of CRRM. Four possible CRRM topologies (CRRM server, integrated CRRM, Hierarchical CRRM, and CRRM in user terminals) are described. The book presents different Radio Access Technologies selection algorithms, including single criterion and multiple criteria based algorithms are presented and compares them. Finally, the book analyses the advantages and disadvantages of the different selection algorithms.

Adeli, A, Ghorbani-Rad, A, Zomorodian, MJ, Neshat, M & Mozaffari, S 2012, 'Improving Nearest Neighbor Classification Using Particle Swarm Optimization with Novel Fitness Function' in Computational Collective Intelligence. Technologies and Applications, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 365-372.
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Alavi, AH, Gandomi, AH & Mollahasani, A 2012, 'A Genetic Programming-Based Approach for the Performance Characteristics Assessment of Stabilized Soil' in Variants of Evolutionary Algorithms for Real-World Applications, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 343-376.
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© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. All rights are reserved. This chapter presents a variant of genetic programming, namely linear genetic programming (LGP), and a hybrid search algorithm coupling LGP and simulated annealing (SA), called LGP/SA, to predict the performance characteristics of stabilized soil. LGP and LGP/SA relate the unconfined compressive strength (UCS), maximum dry density (MDD), and optimum moisture content (OMC) metrics of stabilized soil to the properties of the natural soil as well as the types and quantities of stabilizing additives. Different sets of LGP and LGP/SA-based prediction models have been separately developed. The contributions of the parameters affecting UCS, MDD, and OMC are evaluated through a sensitivity analysis. A subsequent parametric analysis is carried out and the trends of the results are compared with previous studies. A comprehensive set of data obtained from the literature has been used for developing the models. Experimental results confirm that the accuracy of the proposed models is satisfactory. In particular, the LGP-based models are found to be more accurate than the LGP/SA-based models.

Amailef, K & Lu, J 2012, 'Mobile-Based Emergency Response System Using Ontology-Supported Information Extraction' in Lu, J, Jain, LC & Zhang, G (eds), Handbook on Decision Making, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin; New York, pp. 429-449.
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This chapter describes an algorithm within a Mobile-based Emergency Response System (MERS) to automatically extract information from Short Message Service (SMS). The algorithm is based on an ontology concept, and a maximum entropy statistical model. Ontology has been used to improve the performance of an information extraction system. A maximum entropy statistical model with various predefined features offers a clean way to estimate the probability of certain token occurring with a certain SMS text. The algorithm has four main functions: to collect unstructured information from an SMS emergency text message; to conduct information extraction and aggregation; to calculate the similarity of SMS text messages; and to generate query and results presentation

Apeh, E, Žliobaitė, I, Pechenizkiy, M & Gabrys, B 2012, 'Predicting Multi-class Customer Profiles Based on Transactions: a Case Study in Food Sales' in Research and Development in Intelligent Systems XXIX, Springer London, pp. 213-218.
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Bardet, N 2012, 'Introduction' in Segal, G & Goodman, DSG (eds), Towards Recovery in Pacific Asia, EDP Sciences, London UK, pp. 3-4.
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Bharathy, GK & Silverman, B 2012, 'Applications of Social Systems Modeling to Political Risk Management' in Handbook on Decision Making, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 331-371.
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Risk is inexplicably linked to complex inter-related structural and behavioral factors. Of these, human factors tend to be overarching and predominant. Any model that would assist with exploring the inter-relationships among structural and human factors would be immensely valuable to risk management. A social system model constructed with a valid set of software agent framework and complete with factions, institutions and other organizational descriptors, all based on best-of-breed social science theories, can act as the desired testbed to evaluate effects that may arise from alternative courses of action. Through our past case studies, we describe in this article, how social systems modeling and associated intelligent system tools could be applied to assess and manage political risk (and by extension other social systems based risks). We also enumerate the challenges of such a testbed and describes best-of-breed theories drawn from across the social sciences and synthesized and implemented in an agent-based framework. These predictions are examined in a real world cases (Bangladesh) where the agent models are subjected to a validity check and the political risks are estimated. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012.

Bharathy, GK, Yilmaz, L & Tolk, A 2012, 'Agent Directed Simulation for Combat Modeling and Distributed Simulation' in Engineering Principles of Combat Modeling and Distributed Simulation, Wiley, pp. 669-713.
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Bolch, T, Peters, J, Yegorov, A, Pradhan, B, Buchroithner, M & Blagoveshchensky, V 2012, 'Identification of Potentially Dangerous Glacial Lakes in the Northern Tian Shan' in Terrigenous Mass Movements, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 369-398.
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Chaczko, Z 2012, 'WSN Clustering Using IC-SVD Algorithms' in Moreno DÃ az, R, Pichler, F & Quesada Arencibia, A (eds), Computer Aided Systems Theory – EUROCAST 2011, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, pp. 137-145.
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This chapter presents a new biomimetic approach for sensor placement, clustering and data routing in Wireless Sensor Networks that can be deployed and managed in ubiquitous applications such as: security, business, automation, home and healthcare, precision agriculture, ecosystem monitoring and many more. Since hierarchical clustering can reduce the resource usage in sensor networks, we investigate ImmunoComputing and SVD-based algorithms for sensor clustering, routing and management of sensornet resources. The simulation results show that the proposed approach can improve robustness and extend the life-span of network infrastructures.

Chaczko, Z & Resconi, G 2012, 'Application of Morphotronic Theory to Parallel Robots' in Moreno D az, R, Pichler, F & Quesada Arencibia, A (eds), Computer Aided Systems Theory – EUROCAST 2011, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, pp. 153-160.
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The main aim of this paper is to demonstrate the connection between parallel robotics and electronic circuits using the Morphotronic geometry. Parallel robotic system can be represented by a non Euclidean geometry which metric is the kinetic energy and the metric tensor is the mass metrics in the configuration space of the join angles. We can also remark that for electrical circuit we can have a similar non Euclidean geometry in the space of the currents or voltages. In this way we establish a morphological connection between the mechanical and electrical devises that we denote as Morphotronic. We present examples for the geometry in the kinetic space and example in the natural biological membrane represented by electrical circuits.

Chen, W, Su, SW, Zhang, Y, Guo, Y, Nguyen, N, Celler, BG & Nguyen, HT 2012, 'Nonlinear Modeling Using Support Vector Machine for Heart Rate Response to Exercise' in Lam, HK, Ling, SH & Nguyen, HT (eds), Computational Intelligence and Its Applications, IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS, USA, pp. 255-270.
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In order to accurately regulate cardiovascular response to exercise for an individual exerciser, this study proposed a control oriented modeling approach to depict nonlinear behavior of heart rate response at both the onset and offset of treadmill exercise. With the aim of capturing nonlinear dynamic behaviors, a well designed exercise protocol has been applied for a healthy male subject. Non-invasively measured variables, such as ECG,, body movements and oxygen saturation (SpO2), have been reliably monitored and recorded. Based on several sets of experimental data, both steady state gain and time constant of heart rate response are identified. The nonlinear models relating to steady state gain and time constant (vs. walking speed) were built up based on support vector machine regression (SVR). The nonlinear behaviors at both onset and offset of exercise have been well described by using the established SVR models. The model provides the fundamentals for the optimization of exercise efforts by using model-based optimal control approaches, which is the following step of this study.

Cho, J, Ramínez, JAL, Shon, HK, Park, K & Park, M 2012, 'Sustainable Water Treatment Using Nanofiltration and Tight Ultrafiltration Membranes' in Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, Springer New York, pp. 10530-10542.
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Dehestani, D, Guo, Y, Ling, SH, Su, SW & Nguyen, HT 2012, 'Intelligent Fault Detection and Isolation of HVAC System Based on Online Support Vector Machine' in Lam, HK, Ling, SW & Nguyen, H (eds), Computational Intelligence and Its Applications, IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS, USA, pp. 287-304.
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Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems are often one of the largest energy consuming parts in modern buildings. Two focused issues of HVAC systems are energy saving and its safety. Regular checking and maintenance are usually the keys to tackle these problems. Due to the high cost of maintenance, preventive maintenance plays an important role. One cost-effective strategy is the development of analytic fault detection and isolation (FDI) modules by online monitoring of the key variables of HVAC systems. This chapter investigates real-time FDI for HVAC systems by using online support vector machine (SVM), by which we are able to train an FDI system with manageable complexity under real-time working conditions. It also proposes a new approach which allows us to detect unknown faults and update the classifier by using these previously unknown faults. Based on the proposed approach, a semi-unsupervised fault detection methodology has been developed for HVAC systems. This chapter also identifies the variables which are the indications of the particular faults we are interested in. Simulation studies are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed online FDI approach.

Demong, NAR & Lu, J 2012, 'Risk-Based Decision Making Framework for Investment in the Real Estate Industry' in Lu, J, Jain, LC & Zhang, G (eds), Handbook on Decision Making, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, The Netherlands, pp. 259-283.
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Investment in the real estate industry is subject to high risk, especially when there are a large number of uncertainty factors in a project. Risk analysis has been widely used to make decisions for real estate investment. Accordingly, risk-based decision making is a vital process that should be considered when a list of projects and constraints are being assessed. This chapter proposes a risk-based decision making (RBDM) framework for risk analysis of investment in the real estate industry, based on a review of the research. The framework comprises the basic concepts, process, sources and factors, techniques/approaches, and issues and challenges of RBDM. The framework can be applied to problem solving different issues involved in the decision making process when risk is a factor. Decision makers need to understand the terms and concepts of their problems and be familiar with the processes involved in decision making. They also need to know the source of their problems and the relevant factors involved before selecting the best and most suitable technique to apply to solve their problems. Furthermore, decision makers need to recognize the issues and challenges related to their problems to mitigate future risk by monitoring and controlling risk sources and factors. This framework provides a comprehensive analysis of risk-based decision making and supports decision makers to enable them to achieve optimal decisions.

Dieu Tien Bui, Oystein.B Dick 2012, 'Landslide susceptibility assessment at Hoa Binh province of Vietnam using frequency ratio model. Advances in Biomedical Engineering' in Advances in Biomedical Engineering, APEST 2012, pp. 476-484.

Ding, GKC 2012, 'ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT TOOLS' in Madu, CN & Kuei, CH (eds), Handbook of Sustainability Management, WORLD SCIENTIFIC, Singapore, pp. 441-471.
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Environmental assessment tools are important tools in achieving the goal of sustainable construction and have been used to determine sustainability of the design, construction, and operation of buildings around the world, Since the introduction of BREEAM in 1990 as the first comprehensice building environmental assessment tool and similar types of environmental assessment tools have been developed in every country as an essential approach in the construction industry to achieve the goal of sustainable development. This chapter discusses the concept and role of sustainability in the construction industry. This chapter also presents an overview of environmental assessment tools, roles, and limitations of the tools in ascertaining building sustainability used in different countries. Finally, the chapter examines the development of the tools in the international context.

Evans, R, Li, L, Mareels, I, Okello, N, Pham, M, Qiu, W & Saleem, SK 2012, 'Real-Time Optimal Control of River Basin Networks' in Wang, L & Garnier, H (eds), System Identification, Environmental Modelling, and Control System Design, Springer London, London, pp. 403-421.
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River basins are key components of water supply grids. However, unlike energy grids which are operated in closed-loop [16, 28], river basins are largely open-loop systems. One reason is the difficulty associated with the development of suitable models. Traditionally, river basin modeling efforts have focused on process-based methodologies that are potentially very accurate but not amenable to the design of feedback controllers. For control purposes river basin operators often rely on simulation-optimization and/or rule-based approaches. This method may work well for long-term planning intervals (e.g. months) but is impractical for real-term operations (e.g. hours).

Everett, JW 2012, 'Waste Collection and Transport' in Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, Springer New York, pp. 11655-11673.
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Guertler, MR, Kortler, S, Helms, B, Berkovich, M, Leimeister, J, Krcmar, H, Shea, K, Lindemann, U & Maurer, M 2012, 'Von Anforderungslisten zum konzeptionellen Design' in Thomas, O & Nüttgens, M (eds), Dienstleistungsmodellierung 2012 Product-Service Systems und Produktivität, Springer-Verlag, pp. 96-113.
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Die Herausgeber Univ.-Prof. Dr. Oliver Thomas ist Inhaber des Lehrstuhls für Informationsmanagement und Wirtschaftsinformatik sowie Mitglied des Fachbereichs Wirtschaftswissenschaften an der Universität Osnabrück.

Guo, W & Ngo, H-H 2012, 'Membrane Processes for Wastewater Treatment' in Zhang, TC, Surampalli, RY, Vigneswaran, S, Tyagi, RD, Ong, SL & Kao, CM (eds), Membrane Technology and Environmental Applications, American Society of Civil Engineers, USA, pp. 169-216.
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Nowadays, continued population growth and economic development have contributed to increasing demand on water supplies, while multipurpose water use has let to deteriorating water quality by introducing chemical or biological contaminants to receiving waters. Although governments and water authorities have proclaimed more stringent discharge regulations together with increased wastewater disposal costs to protect human and environmental health, wastewater treatment has become ever more crucial and indispensable in order to preserve the diminishing water resources and minimize adverse impacts on our ecosystem. Over the last century various methods and technologies have been developed and applied to remove solids, organic pollutants and nutrients from wastewater. Wastewater treatment involves the combination of various physical, chemical and biological processes and operations (Table 6.1). In general, conventional wastewater treatment processes can successfully remove the majority of degradable organics and suspended solids found in wastewaters. However, to further provide a sufficient level of treatment to wastewater streams and to remove specific contaminants, membrane seperation technology has been emerged as an alternative and innovative treatment technology and plays an important role in global water market. This chapter gives an extensive and up-to-date review of membrane separation technologies (e.g.,microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UP), nanofiltration (NP) and reverse osmosis (RO) in wastewater treatment with specific attention to various membranes, treatment processes and configurations, and their practical applications.

Guo, W, Ngo, H-H & Vigneswaran, S 2012, 'Enhancement of Membrane Processes with Attached Growth Media' in Zhang, TC, Surampalli, RY, Vigneswaran, S, Tyagi, RD, Ong, SL & Kao, CM (eds), Membrane Technology and Environmental Applications, American Society of Civil Engineers, USA, pp. 603-634.
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The consumption of limited waste resources together with the need to comply with ever more stringent water quality standards, and the need to reuse water are the main impetus for the intensification of existing conventional water treatment processes. Moreover, current and impending legislation on wastewater treatment effluent has also led to the need for improved treatment processes capable of removing higher percentages of nutrients, suspended solids, bacteria, etc. (Kramne et al., 2005). During the last decades, the interest in the use of membrane technology has emerged in wastewater treatment as well as drinking water and process water production. This growth can be explained by a combination of (a) growing demand for water with high quality, (b) growing pressure to reuse wastewater, (b) better realibility and integrity of the membranes, (d) lower prices of membranes due to enhanced use, and (e) more stringent standards, e.g., in the drinking water industry (van de Bruggen et al., 2008). Therefore, membrane techniques (e.g., microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (DF), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO)) in general and mebrance bioreactors (MBRs) in particular have been widely applied to wastewater reclamation and reuse for simultaneous organic and nutrient removal. Normally, there are two ways to begin water reuse: either retrofitting the current wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) facilities or constructing extra advanced processes after secondary treatment. Biological nutrients removal (BNR) processes modifying the current conventional WWTP is a typical example of retrofitting, while membrane filtration, carbon adsorption and ozonation are typically used for extra-installation the advanced treatment of secondary effluent (Baek and Chang, 2009). Especially, as eutrophication of the aquatic environment caused by nitrogen and phosphorus present in discharged effluent has become an unavoidable concern, the development of cost-effective and efficient BN...

Guo, W, Ngo, H-H & Vigneswaran, S 2012, 'Fouling Control of Membranes with Pretreatment' in Zhang, TC, Surampalli, RY, Vigneswaran, S, Tyagi, RD, Ong, SL & Kao, CM (eds), Membrane Technology and Environmental Applications, American Society of Civil Engineers, USA, pp. 533-580.
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The impediment of the membrane technology is a fouling problem and consequently higher operating and membrane relacement cost. Pretreatment is very important for developing the best treatment process train to secure better membrane treatability and producing acceptable effluent qualities. This chapter addresses the state of the art pretreatment techniques and their application to low pressure (MF/UF) and high pressure (NF/RO) memrances in water and wastewater treatment as well as desalination. The impact of different pretreatment processes on membrane performance and membrane fouling control have been extensively reviewed.

Hameurlain, A, Hussain, FK, Morvan, F & Tjoa, AM 2012, 'Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics): Preface' in Data Management in Cloud, Grid and P2P Systems, Springer, Germany, pp. V-V.

Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR & Mahmud, MA 2012, 'Decentralized STATCOM/ESS Control for Wind Generators' in Smart Power Grids 2011, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 401-437.
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Wind energy has emerged as the fastest growing source of renewable energy and is expected to see continued strong growth in the immediate future. Wind power generation is required to provide a certain reliability of supply and a certain level of stability. Motivated by the above issues, many grid operators have started to introduce new grid-codes which treat wind power generation in a special manner. Most interconnection standards today require wind farms to have the ability to withstand severe faults, usually called the fault ride-through (FRT) capability or, in some cases, the low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability. The design and implementation of a new control scheme for reactive power compensation, voltage regulation and transient stability enhancement for wind turbines equipped with fixed-speed induction generators in large interconnected power systems is presented in this chapter. The low-voltage-ride-through (LVRT) capability is provided by extending range of the operation of the controlled system to include typical post-fault conditions. A systematic procedure is proposed to design decentralized multi-variable controllers for large interconnected power systems using minimax output-feedback control design method and the controller design procedure is formulated as an optimization problem involving rankconstrained linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). In this chapter it is shown that STATCOM with energy storage system (STATCOM/ESS), controlled via robust control technique, is an effective device for improving the LVRT capability of fixed-speed wind turbines. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012.

Hussain, O, Sangka, KB & Hussain, FK 2012, 'Determining the Significance of Assessment Criteria for Risk Analysis in Business Associations' in Lu, J, Jain, LC & Zhang, G (eds), Handbook on Decision Making, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 403-416.
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Risk assessment in business associations is the process which determines the likelihood of negative outcomes according to a given set of desired criteria. When there is more than one desired criterion to be achieved in a business association, the process of risk assessment needs to be done by capturing the importance that each of the criteria will have on the successful completion of the business activity. In this paper, we present an approach that determines the significance of each criterion with respect to the goal of the business association and by considering the inter-dependencies that may exist between the different assessment criteria. This analysis will provide important insights during the process of risk management, where the occurrence of such negative outcomes can be managed, according to their significance, to ensure the successful completion of a business activity. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012.

Jaboyedoff, M, Choffet, M, Derron, MH, Horton, P, Loye, A, Longchamp, C, Mazotti, B, Michoud, C & Pedrazzini, A 2012, 'Preliminary slope mass movement susceptibility mapping using DEM and LiDAR DEM' in Terrigenous mass movements, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 109-170.

Kale, A, Chaczko, Z & Rudas, I 2012, 'Parallel Robot Vision Using Genetic Algorithm and Object Centroid' in Moreno Diaz, R, Pichler, F & Quesada Arencibia, A (eds), Computer Aided Systems Theory – EUROCAST 2011, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, pp. 170-178.
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Parallel Robots are playing a very important role in the medical, automotive, food and many manufacturing applications. Due to its high speed and efficient operation, it is gaining an increasing popularity in these application domains. For making the parallel robots more automated and an intelligent a machine vision system with robust performance is needed. Here, a Machine Vision Algorithm based on Genetic Evolutionary principles for object detection in the Delta Parallel Robot based systems is proposed. The solution applies a simple, robust and high speed algorithm to accurately detect objects for the application domain. The Image Acquisition of a robotâs workspace is performed by using a camera mounted on the end-effector of the robot. The system is trained with the object database and with the most significant visual features of every class of objects. Images are assessed periodically for detecting the Region of Interest (ROI) within an image of the robotâs workspace. The ROI is defined as an area in which a presence of object features is detected. The ROI detection is achieved by applying a random sampling of pixels and an assessment of color threshold of every pixel. The color intensity is assumed as one of the features for classification that is based on the training data. After classification process, the Genetic Algorithm is applied to locate the centroid of an object in every class. In a given application class, the Centroid is considered as the most important feature. Knowledge of an approximate location of the Centroid of objects helps to maintain a high speed and reliable pick and place operations of the Delta robot system. The proposed algorithm is tested by detecting presence of electronic components in the workspace. Experimental results show that the suggested approach offers a reliable solution for the Delta robot system.

Keivan Kabiri, Saeid.Pirasteh 2012, 'Manifestation of Remotely Sensed Data Coupled With Field Measured Meteorological Data for an Assessment of Degradation of Urmia Lake, Iran' in Advances in Biomedical Engineering, APEST 2012, pp. 395-401.

Kersten, W, Lammers, T & Skirde, H 2012, 'Complexity Management in Distribution Systems – Development of a Structured Framework for Driver-Based Complexity Analysis' in Blecker, T, Kersten, W & Ringle, C (eds), Pioneering Supply Chain Design A Comprehensive Insight Into Emerging Trends, Technologies and Applications, Eul, Lohmar, pp. 383-404.

Khalilpour, R & Karimi, IA 2012, 'Contract selection under uncertainty' in Karimi, IA & Srinivasan, R (eds), Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, Elsevier, pp. 1487-1491.
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Kim, IS, Oh, BS, Yoon, S, Shon, H, Lee, S & Hong, S 2012, 'Wastewater Reclamation' in Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, Springer New York, pp. 11873-11891.
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Kong, X, Liu, L & Ryu, H-G 2012, 'Activity-Artifact Flow of GPS/INS Integration for Positioning Error De-Correlation' in Elbahhar, FB & Rivenq, A (eds), New Approach of Indoor and Outdoor Localization Systems, InTech, Rijeka, Crotia, pp. 193-212.
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Vehicle positioning systems are composed of positioning sensors and positioning algorithms. Positioning sensors provide direct or indirect position, velocity, attitude and timing information. Positioning algorithms transfer sensor direct readings to desired positioning information. Positioning sensors are classified into absolute sensors and dead reckoning sensors (Sukkarieh, 2000). Absolute sensors directly provide the relationships between vehicle position and external positioning references. Dead reckoning sensors measure the vehicles position and orientation increment to its last moment without external references. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is a widely used absolute positioning system using external satellite references. Inertial Navigation System (INS) is an example of dead reckoning positioning system. INS uses inertial measurement unit (IMU) to measure the self-contained position changing rate, then computes the desired positioning information. INS has been employed in navigation for rockets, missiles, aircrafts, land vehicles, ocean vessels and robots

Lam, HK, Ling, SH & Nguyen, HT 2012, 'FRONT MATTER', IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS, pp. i-x.
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Le, M, Gabrys, B & Nauck, D 2012, 'A Hybrid Model for Business Process Event Prediction' in Research and Development in Intelligent Systems XXIX, Springer London, pp. 179-192.
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Li, Z, Khalilpour, R & Abbas, A 2012, 'Efficient configuration/design of solvent-based post-combustion carbon capture' in Karimi, IA & Srinivasan, R (eds), Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, Elsevier, pp. 815-819.
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Ling, SH, San, PP & Nguyen, HT 2012, 'Hypoglycemia Detection for Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus: Evolved Fuzzy Inference System Approach' in Lam, HK, Ling, SH & Nguyen, HT (eds), Computational Intelligence and Its Applications, IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS, USA, pp. 61-85.
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Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is classified as Type 1 diabetes and it can be further classified as immune-mediated or idiopathic. Hypoglycemia is a common and serious side effect of insulin therapy in patients with Type 1 diabetes. In this chapter, we measure physiological parameters continuously to provide a non-invasive hypoglycemia detection for Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. Based on the physiological parameters of the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, such as heart rate, corrected QT interval, change of heart rate and change of corrected QT interval, an evolved fuzzy inference model is developed for classification of hypoglycemia. To optimize the rules and membership functions of the fuzzy system, a hybrid particle swarm optimization with wavelet mutation (HPSOWM) is introduced. For the clinical study, 15 children with Type 1 diabetes are volunteered overnight. All the real data sets are collected from the Department of Health, Government of Western Australia and are randomly organized into a training set (10 patients) and testing set (5 patients). The results show that the evolved fuzzy inference system approach performs well in terms of sensitivity and specificity.

Link, S & Prade, H 2012, 'Preface.', pp. 79-81.
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Lowe, D, Machet, T, Kostulski, T, Zubía, JG & Alves, GR 2012, 'Uts remote labs, labshare, and the sahara architecture', Universidad de Deusto, pp. 403-403.

Lu, J, Jain, L & Zhang, G 2012, 'Preface' in Handbook on Decision MakingVol 2: Risk Management in Decision Making.

Lu, J, Jain, LC & Zhang, G 2012, 'Risk Management in Decision Making' in Lu, J, jain, LC & Zhang, G (eds), Handbook on Decision Making, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin; New York, pp. 3-7.
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Organizational decision making often occurs in the face of uncertainty about whether a decision makers choices will lead to benefit or disaster. Risk is the potential that a decision will lead to a loss or an undesirable outcome. In fact, almost any human decision carries some risk, but some decisions are much more risky than others. Risk and decision making are two inter-related factors in organizational management, and they are both related to various uncertainties.

Mahmud, MA, Hossain, MJ & Pota, HR 2012, 'Worst Case Voltage Variation on Microgrid' in Smart Power Grids 2011, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 305-318.
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Integration of different types of distributed energy resources (DERs) in distribution network has significant effects on voltage profile for both customers and distribution network service providers (DNSPs). This impact may manifest itself positively or negatively, depending on the voltage variation and the amount of DERs that can be connected to the distribution networks. This chapter presents a way to estimate the voltage variation and the amount of the DERs in a microgrid. To do this, a voltage rise formula is derived with some approximation and the validation of this formula is checked by comparing with the existing power {pipe}systems simulation software. Using the voltage variation formula, the worst case scenario of microgrid is used to estimate the amount of voltage variation and maximum permissible DERs. The relationship between voltage level, voltage rise, and connection cost of DERs in a microgrid is also described in this chapter. Finally, based on the worst case scenario of microgrid; some recommendations are given to counteract the voltage rise effect. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012.

Mann, U, Pradhan, B, Prechtel, N & Buchroithner, MF 2012, 'An Automated Approach for Detection of Shallow Landslides from LiDAR Derived DEM Using Geomorphological Indicators in a Tropical Forest' in Terrigenous Mass Movements, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 1-22.
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Meujo, DAF & Hamann, MT 2012, 'Science, Policy, and Risk Management: Case of Seafood Safety' in Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, Springer New York, pp. 9079-9109.
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Meyer, L & Poiger, U 2012, 'preface', pp. 287-292.

Ngo, H-H, Guo, W & Vigneswaran, S 2012, 'Membrane Processes for Water Reclamation and Reuse' in Zhang, TC, Surampalli, RY, Vigneswaran, S, Tyagi, RD, Ong, SL & Kao, CM (eds), Membrane Technology and Environmental Applications, American Society of Civil Engineers, USA, pp. 239-275.
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Water reclamation and reuse is being increasingly emphasized as a strategy for rational use of limited freshwater and as a means of safeguarding the deteriorating aquatic environment due to wastewater disposal. Membrane technology is playing a vital role in augment our water supplies and is essential for sustainable production of clean water. This chapter gives a comprehensive review of technological development train of wastewater treatment, as well as the detailed perfonnance of advanced membrance processes in municipal wastewater reclamation and reuse. The technological and economic feasibility of different membrane-based technologies compared to conventional treatment processes is also elucidated in this chapter.

Ni, B & Yu, H 2012, 'Aerobic Granular Sludge Technology for Wastewater Treatment' in Biological Sludge Minimization and Biomaterials/Bioenergy Recovery Technologies, Wiley, pp. 429-463.
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Nikodem, J, Chaczko, Z, Nikodem, M, Klempous, R & Wickramasooriya, R 2012, 'Combating security threats via immunity and adaptability in cognitive radio networks' in Fodro, J, Klempous, R & Araujo, CPS (eds), Recent Advances in Intelligent Engineering Systems, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 221-242.
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In this chapter we shall consider security, immunity and adaptability aspects of Cognitive Radio (CR) networks and its applications. We shall cover design of a immunity/adaptability and security simulation model for Cognitive Radio and discuss results of conducted experiments using Matlab simulation tools and Crossbow's XMesh using MoteWorks software platform. The main goal of this chapter is to provide an overview of various applications of CR as well as methods of combating security threats faced when applying the CR technology. The immunity/adaptability functions, their benefits and applications in CR are analyzed, along with the challenges faced. We shall discuss in detail how the proposed immunity and adaptability model can mitigate security threats faced by CR and carry out research on a range of selected techniques that can help to mitigate malicious attacks and provide examples of simulation experiments. © 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Peng, B, Gui, L & Liu, B 2012, 'Training Sample Acquisition Strategy Based Digital Pre-distortion' in Zhang, WJ, Yang, XK, Xu, ZX, An, P, Liu, QZ & Lu, Y (eds), Communications in Computer and Information Science, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 307-316.
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Platt, G, Berry, A & Cornforth, D 2012, 'What Role for Microgrids?' in Smart Grid, Elsevier, pp. 185-207.
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Pourghasemi, HR, Pradhan, B, Gokceoglu, C & Deylami Moezzi, K 2012, 'Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using a Spatial Multi Criteria Evaluation Model at Haraz Watershed, Iran' in Terrigenous Mass Movements, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 23-49.
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Purba, JH, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2012, 'Fuzzy Failure Rate for Nuclear Power Plant Probabilistic Safety Assessment by Fault Tree Analysis' in Atlantis Computational Intelligence Systems, Atlantis Press, pp. 131-154.
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Resconi, G & Chaczko, Z 2012, 'Mechatronics and the Bond Graph Theory Extended by the Morphotronic Systems' in Moreno Diaz, R, Pichler, F & Quesada Arencibia, A (eds), Computer Aided Systems Theory – EUROCAST 2011, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, pp. 161-169.
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Mechatronics plays an important role in surgical, automotive, food and industrial applications. To become smarter and more robust, mechatronic systems have to rely on numerous objects and controls that operate in a diverse range of conditions. These controls can exhibit undesirable and coupled behavior. Adjusting the controllers in hardware is difficult and time consuming, often resulting in de-tuning the system below acceptable performance levels. The Morphotronics theory aided by a new approach to the Bond Graph theory represents an improvement to traditional computation models used for the analysis of mechatronic systems. Morphotronics use non-Euclidean geometry for context shaping and defining the projection operators in an ideal network of mechatronic forms.

Shon, H 2012, 'Removal of lower-molecular-weight substances from water and wastewater : challenges and solutions' in Wastewater Treatment Advanced Processes and Technologies, CRC Press.
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These features combine to make the book an authoritative resource and practical tool for resolving wastewater treatment issues.

Shon, HK, Phuntsho, S, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J, Aryal, R & Jegatheesan, V 2012, 'Physical, Chemical, and Biological Characterization of Membrane Fouling' in Zhang, TC, Surampalli, RY, Vigneswaran, S, Tyagi, RD, Ong, SL & Kao, CM (eds), Membrane Technology and Environmental Applications, American Society of Civil Engineers, USA, pp. 457-503.
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In this chapter, advanced characterization of membrane fouling as a diagnostic tool has been summarized to prevent membrane fouling. Physical, chemical and biological analyses as membrane autopsies are mainly utilized to better understand membrane foulant. The physical characteri zation gives structure, roughness, charge effect, strength and hydrophobicity of membrane fouling. The chemical methods provide qualitative and quantitative measurements of different inorganic and organic matter. The biological properties present the spatial biofilm distribution, structure of dominant microorgnisms and isolation and identification of microorganisms. In addition, detailed membrane foulant types are reviewed in terms of structure, roughness, hydrophobicity, charge effect, strength, calcium, magnesium, alluminum, iron, silicate, particle, functional group, biopolymer, humic acid, polysaccharide, structural composition, biofilm structure, microorganism and foulant interaction.

Šimon, P & Thomas, PS 2012, 'Application of Isoconversional Methods for the Processes Occurring in Glassy and Amorphous Materials' in Hot Topics in Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Springer Netherlands, pp. 225-246.
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Singh, G, Johir, MAH, Kandasamy, J, Vigneswaran, S, Kus, B & Naidu, R 2012, 'Stormwater Harvesting and Reuse' in Meyers, RA (ed), Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, Springer New York, Germany, pp. 10095-10117.
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Rapid urbanization has contributed to considerable increases in urban stromwater runoff and pollution, a deterioration of the water quality of urban waterways , and significant threats to its ecosystem. Stormwater runoff is the most neglected resource and, given that it contributes significantly to diffuse pollution of our waterways, it needs to be managed in more sustainable way to capture its benefits and at the same time to reduce the adverse impacts on waterways and receiving waters. A cultural change is occurring in urban stormwater management practice. Environmental aspects are becoming a major focus, with potentially profound effects on the traditional approach to stormwater management. An integrated approach to stormwater treatment and management and stormwater harvesting regards stormwater as a resource rather than a waste and considers all aspects of runoff within a development, including implementation of water quality/quantity controls, maximizing water reuse/conservation whilst preserving the amenity and environmental values within the catchment. Stormwater harvesting and reuse offers a potential alternative water supply for at least non-potable uses. The benefits of a successful stormwater harvesting systems include reductions in stormwater pollution loads to downstream waterways and estuaries, and in stormwater volumes and discharges. Methods of assessment to check the extent to which stormwater treatment systems are meeting their design objectives and compliance to water quality standards is important.

Sixsmith, AJ & Dovey, KA 2012, 'Leadership in projects and its impact on business strategy; An Australian Case' in Linger, H & Owen, J (eds), The Project as a Social System. Asia-Pacific Perspectives on Project Management, Monash University Publishing, Clayton Victoria 3800, pp. 168-180.

Tiemann, I, Sick, N & Leker, J 2012, 'Supplier involvement in customer new product development: new insights from the supplier’s perspective' in Perspectives on Supplier Innovation Theories, Concepts and Empirical Insights on Open Innovation and the Integration of Suppliers, World Scientific.
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Theories, Concepts and Empirical Insights on Open Innovation and the Integration of Suppliers Alexander Brem, Joe Tidd. John, S. ... Supplier involvement in customer new product development: New insights from the supplier's perspective, ...

Tran, T, Tuan, HD, Ha, QP & Nguyen, HT 2012, 'Decentralised Model Predictive Control of Time-Varying Splitting Parallel Systems' in Control of Linear Parameter Varying Systems with Applications, Springer US, pp. 217-251.
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Tran, T, Tuan, HD, Ha, QP & Nguyen, HT 2012, 'Decentralised model predictive control of time-varying splitting parallel systems' in Mohammadpour, J & Scherer, CW (eds), Control of Linear Parameter Varying Systems with Applications, Springer, Boston, pp. 217-251.
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This chapter is devoted to the development of a decentralised model predictive control (MPC) strategy for splitting parallel systems that have time-varying and unknown splitting ratios. The large-scale system in consideration consists of several dynamically-coupled modular subsystems. Each subsystem is regulated by a dedicated multivariable controller employing the open-loop MPC algorithms in conjunction with stability constraints. The connection topology of the large-scale systems includes serial, parallel and recirculated configurations. The solution to splitting parallel systems in this chapter is not only an alternative to the hybrid approach for duty-standby modes, but also a novel approach that accommodates the concurrent operations of splitting parallel systems. The effectiveness of this approach rests on the newly introduced asymptotically positive real constraint (APRC) which prescribes an approaching characteristic towards a positive real property of the system under control. The asymptotic attribute of APRC smooths out all significant wind-up actions in the control trajectories. The APRCs are developed into a one-time-step quadratic constraint on the local control vectors, which plays the role of a stability constraint for the decentralised MPC. The recursive feasibility is assured by characterizing the APRC with dynamic multiplier matrices. Numerical simulations for two typical modular systems in an alumina refinery are provided to illustrate the theoretical results.

Upcroft, B, Makarenko, A, Brooks, A, Moser, M, Alempijevic, A, Donikian, A, Sprinkle, J, Uther, W & Fitch, R 2012, 'Empirical Evaluation Of An Autonomous Vehicle In An Urban Environment' in Experience From The Darpa Urban Challenge, Springer-Verlag Berlin, Berlin, pp. 273-301.
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Operation in urban environments creates unique challenges for research in autonomous ground vehicles. Due to the presence of tall trees and buildings in close proximity to traversable areas, GPS outage is likely to be frequent and physical hazards pose r

Upcroft, B, Makarenko, A, Brooks, A, Moser, M, Alempijevic, A, Donikian, A, Sprinkle, J, Uther, W & Fitch, R 2012, 'Empirical Evaluation of an Autonomous Vehicle in an Urban Environment' in Experience from the DARPA Urban Challenge, Springer London, pp. 273-301.
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Vainos, NA, Eason, RW, May-Smith, TC, Sloyan, K, Gazia, R, Darby, M, Sposito, A, Medvid’, A, Zhao, Q-Z, Fourkas, JT, Schmidt, V, Athanasekos, L, Vainos, NA, Pispas, S, Wang, CH, Canning, J, Bandyopadhyay, S, Ams, M, Little, DJ, Withford, MJ, Eaton, SM, Osellame, R, Cerullo, G & Pissadakis, S 2012, 'Contributor contact details' in Laser Growth and Processing of Photonic Devices, Elsevier, pp. xi-xiii.
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Vigneswaran, S, Khorshed, C, Kandasamy, J & Kim, SH 2012, 'Membrane Processes for Desalination: Importance of Pre-Treatment to Reduce Organic Fouling' in Membrane Technology and Environmental Applications, American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 276-297.
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Vigneswaran, S, Nguyen, TV, Kandasamy, J, Aim, RB & Visvanathan, C 2012, 'Membrane Processes for Drinking Water Treatment' in Membrane Technology and Environmental Applications, American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 140-168.
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This volume provides in-depth technical information on the fundamentals, applications, and recent advances of membrane technology, including state-of-the-art reviews of current research, critical analysis of new processes and materials, and ...

Vigneswaran, S, Sathananthan, S, Shon, HK, Kandasamy, J & Visvanathan, C 2012, 'Delineation of Membrane Processes' in Membrane Technology and Environmental Applications, American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 41-74.
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Wang, C & Cao, L 2012, 'Modeling and Analysis of Social Activity Process' in Cao, L & Yu, PS (eds), Behavior Computing, Springer London, London, UK, pp. 21-35.
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Behavior modeling has been increasingly recognized as a crucial means for disclosing interior driving forces and impact in social activity processes. Traditional behavior modeling in behavior and social sciences that mainly relies on qualitative methods is not aimed at deep and quantitative analysis of social activities. However, with the booming needs of understanding customer behaviors and social networks etc., there is a shortage of formal, systematic and unified behavior modeling and analysis methodologies and techniques. This paper proposes a novel and unified general framework, called Social Activity Process Modeling and Analysis System (SAPMAS). Our approach is to model social behaviors and analyze social activity processes by using model checking. More specifically, we construct behavior models from sub-models of actor, action, environment and relationship, followed by the translation from concrete properties to formal temporal logic formulae, finally obtain analyzing results with model checker SPIN. Online shopping process is illustrated to explain this whole framework.

Wei, DB & Jiang, ZY 2012, 'Tribology in Hot Rolling of Steel Strip' in Davim, JP (ed), Materials Forming, Machining and Tribology, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, pp. 121-149.
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Contact friction is of crucial importance for accurate simulation, optimum design and control of industrial rolling processes. It affects the shape, profile, dimensional accuracy and surface quality of hot rolled strips. This chapter focuses on the tribology of hot strip rolling of plain carbon steel and stainless steel, which is significantly affected by oxide scales. The fundamental of oxidation of pure iron, plain carbon steel and stainless steel, and the formation of oxide scales in hot rolling process have been discussed. The morphology of the oxide scales and their deformation behaviours that depend on oxide scale thickness, constitution and the rolling parameters have been disclosed. Surface roughness of oxide scales and the tribological effect of oxide scales in hot strip rolling have been studied. A multi oxide scale layers simulation has been established to study the deformation and fracture of oxide scales taking into account the effect of surface roughness.

Wu, L & Sandrasegaran, K 2012, 'Common Radio Resource Management' in Wu, L & Sandrasegaran, K (eds), A Study on Radio Access Technology Selection Algorithms, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 5-11.
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Radio Resource Management (RRM) refers to a group of mechanisms that are collectively responsible for efficiently utilizing RRUs within a RAT to provide services with an acceptable level of QoS. RRM mechanisms contain Power Control (PC), Handover Control (HC), Packet Scheduling (PS), Congestion Control (CC), and Admission Control (AC).

Wu, L & Sandrasegaran, K 2012, 'Multiple Criteria Based Algorithms' in Wu, L & Sandrasegaran, K (eds), A Study on Radio Access Technology Selection Algorithms, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 23-33.
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The algorithms introduced in the last chapter use a single criterion to make RAT selection decisions. In this section, more complicated algorithms using a number of RAT selection criteria are discussed.

Wu, L & Sandrasegaran, K 2012, 'Single Criterion Based Algorithms' in Wu, L & Sandrasegaran, K (eds), A Study on Radio Access Technology Selection Algorithms, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 13-22.
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Research in CRRM has many directions, e.g. policy translation and configuration, RAT selection, admission control, congestion control, horizontal handover, and packet scheduling. RAT selection algorithm is a key research area of CRRM at present. A suitable RAT selection algorithm can manage radio resources among multiple RATs more efficiently, enhance system performance, and provide better QoS to users. The RAT selection algorithm contains two parts: initial RAT selection and vertical handover (VHO). The former is used to allocate new calls to a suitable RAT and the latter is about transferring an ongoing call from its current serving RAT to a more suitable RAT.

Yu, S, James, S, Tian, Y & Dou, W 2012, 'Reliable Aggregation on Network Traffic for Web Based Knowledge Discovery' in Reliable Knowledge Discovery, Springer US, pp. 149-159.
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Zeng, C, Jia, W, He, X & Xu, M 2012, 'Recent advances on graph-based image segmentation techniques' in Bai, X, Cheng, J & Hancock, E (eds), Graph-Based Methods in Computer Vision: Developments and Applications, IGI Global, Hershey, Pennsylvania (USA), pp. 140-154.
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Image segmentation techniques using graph theory has become a thriving research area in computer vision community in recent years. This chapter mainly focuses on the most up-to-date research achievements in graph-based image segmentation published in top journals and conferences in computer vision community. The representative graph-based image segmentation methods included in this chapter are classified into six categories: minimum-cut/maximum-flow model (called graph-cut in some literatures), random walk model, minimum spanning tree model, normalized cut model and isoperimetric graph partitioning. The basic rationales of these models are presented, and the image segmentation methods based on these graph-based models are discussed as the main concern of this chapter. Several performance evaluation methods for image segmentation are given. Some public databases for testing image segmentation algorithms are introduced and the future work on graph-based image segmentation is discussed at the end of this chapter. © 2013, IGI Global.

Zhang, TC, Surampalli, RY & Vigneswaran, S 2012, 'The Values of Membrane Science and Technology: Introduction and Overview' in Membrane Technology and Environmental Applications, American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 1-40.
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Zhang, Y, Su, SW, Celler, BG & Nguyen, HT 2012, 'Machine Learning-based Nonlinear Model Predictive Control for Heart Rate Response to Exercise' in Lam, HK, Ling, S & Nguyen, H (eds), Computational Intelligence and Its Applications, IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS, USA, pp. 271-285.
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This study explores control methodologies to handle time variant behavior for heart rate dynamics at onset and offset of exercise. To achieve this goal, a novel switching model predictive control (MPC) algorithm is presented to optimize the exercise effects at both onset and offset of exercise. Specifically, dynamic matrix control (DMC), one of the most popular MPC control algorithms, has been employed as the essential of the optimization of process regulation while switching strategy has been adopted during the transfer between onset and offset of exercise. The parameters of the DMC/MPC controller have been well tuned based on a previously established SVM-based regression model relating to both onset and offset of treadmill walking exercises. The effectiveness of the proposed modeling and control approach has been shown from the regulation of dynamical heart rate response to exercise through simulation using Matlab.

Zhou, A & Sheng, D 2012, 'Modelling Volume Change Behaviour for Unsaturated Soils in the Stress–Saturation Space' in Unsaturated Soils: Research and Applications, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 111-118.
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Zhou, H, Liu, B, Gui, L, Ding, Y, Wu, J & Wang, L 2012, 'A Novel Dynamic Spectrum Management and Sharing Approach for the Secondary Networks' in Zhang, WJ, Yang, XK, Xu, ZX, An, P, Liu, QZ & Lu, Y (eds), Communications in Computer and Information Science, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 333-340.
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Zhou, JL 2012, 'Sampling of Humic and Colloidal Phases in Liquid Samples' in Janusz Pawliszyn (ed), Comprehensive Sampling and Sample Preparation, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 335-348.
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-, YY, -, YW, -, RF & -, JW 2012, 'Optimal Data Propagation Approach Based on Probabilistic Model for Pipeline Sensor Networks', Journal of Convergence Information Technology, vol. 7, no. 9, pp. 321-329.
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Wireless sensor networks have been applied to monitor the security of the pipeline for several years. In this type of network, network lifetime is one of the main considering issues during the process of pipeline monitoring. This paper carries out the researches on how to improve the network lifetime from the standpoint of data transmission, and puts forward a probabilistic model for optimal data propagation used in pipeline monitoring sensor networks. To obtain the optimal solution and improve calculation accuracy, artificial fish school algorithm is introduced to calculate the probabilistic values of the model. Numerical and simulation results verify the effectiveness of new method. Compared with two conventional data transmission approaches, our algorithm can perfectly enhance the network lifetime and balance the network load, meeting the applicable requirement of pipeline monitoring

Abbas, A, Qadir, A, Khalilpour, R & Chiesa, M 2012, 'Integration of solar energy with post-combustion carbon capture', Qatar Foundation Annual Research Forum Volume 2012 Issue 1, no. 2012, pp. AESNP22-AESNP22.
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Background: A techno-economic analysis has been performed for a coal-fired power plant retrofitted with solvent-based post-combustion carbon capture (PCC) technology where thermal energy is partially supplied by solar thermal collectors. The plant is compared with a generic PCC plant where all the thermal energy is provided by steam bled from the steam cycle. A suite of solar thermal collectors which include flat plate collectors, compound parabolic collectors, linear Fresnel collectors, evacuated tube collectors (ETCs) and parabolic trough collectors (PTCs) have each been tested for their viability. The plant has been simulated for several different locations in Australia: Sydney, Townsville and Melbourne. Objectives: This study investigates the integration of solar thermal energy in the energy mix of a power plant by using it to partially compensate for the debilitating energy penalty burdened by the introduction of the carbon capture process. Methods: The overall system consists of three subsystems: power plant, PCC plant and solar collector field. A base case scenario is studied in which there is no heat integration between the three subsystems and is compared to a system with heat integration. Additionally, incentives such as renewable energy certificates (RECs), carbon tax/credits and government subsidies have been considered in the economic model and a sensitivity analysis has been performed for each scenario of incentives for all five solar collector technologies at the three locations. Results: The ETC is found to be the best performer amongst solar collectors when the three subsystems have good heat integration while the PTC is the best performer in the case of no heat integration. The best location for the solar-assisted PCC (SPCC) plant is found to be Sydney. Conclusions: The SPCC plant is only economically viable in Sydney and Townsville once incentives such as RECs, carbon tax and subsidies are taken into account. By the use of solar ...

Abdul, JM, Colville, A, Lim, R, Vigneswaran, S & Kandasamy, J 2012, 'Use of duckweed (Lemna disperma) to assess the phytotoxicity of the products of Fenton oxidation of metsulfuron methyl', Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, vol. 83, pp. 89-95.
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Because of pressure on water supplies world-wide, there is increasing interest in methods of remediating contaminated ground waters. However, with some remediation processes, the breakdown products are more toxic than the original contaminant. Organic matter and salinity may also influence degradation efficiency. This study tested the efficiency of Fenton oxidation in degrading the sulfonylurea herbicide metsulfuron methyl (MeS), and tested the reaction products for phytotoxicity with the Lemna (duckweed) bioassay. The efficiency of degradation by Fentonâs reagent (Fe2þ ¼0.09 mM; H2O2¼1.76mM, 4 h) decreased with increasing initial MeS concentration, from 98% with 5 mg/L MeS, to 63% with 70 mg/L MeS. Addition of NaCl (10 mM) and organic matter (humic acid at 0.2 and 2.0 mg C/L as Total Organic Carbon) reduced the efficiency of degradation at low initial MeS concentrations (5 and 10mg/L), but had no effect at high concentrations. The residual Fentonâs reagent after Fentonâs oxidation was toxic to Lemna. After removal of residual iron and H2O2, the measured toxicity to Lemna in the treated samples could be explained by the concentrations of MeS as measured by HPLC/UV detection, so there was no evidence of additional toxicity or amelioration due to the by-products or formulation materials.

Abdul, JM, Kumar, M, Vigneswaran, S & Kandasamy, J 2012, 'Removal of metsulfuron methyl by Fenton reagent', Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 137-144.
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The removal of metsulfuron methyl (MeS)âa sulfonyl urea herbicide from contaminated water was investigated by advanced oxidation process (AOP) using Fenton method. The optimum dose of Fenton reagent (Fe2+/H2O2) was 10 mg/L Fe2+ and 60 mg/L H2O2 for an initial MeS concentration ([MeS]0) range of 0â80 mg/L. The Fenton process was effective under pH 3. The degradation efficiency of MeS decreased by more than 70% at pH > 3 (pH 4.5 and 7). The initial Fe2+ concentration ([Fe2+]0) in the Fenton reagent affected the degradation efficiency, rate and kinetics. The degradation of MeS at optimum dose of Fenton reagent was more than 95% for [MeS] 0 of 0â40 mg/L and the degradation time was less than 30 min. The determination of residual MeS concentration after Fenton oxidation by UV spectrophotometry was affected by the interferences from Fenton reagent. The estimation of residual MeS concentration after Fenton oxidation by high pressure/performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) was interference free and represented the actual concentration of MeS and does not include the by-products of Fenton oxidation. The degradation kinetics of MeS was modelled by second order reactions involving 8 rate constants. The two reaction constants directly involving MeS were fitted using the experimental data and the remaining constants were selected from previously reported values. The model fit for MeS and the subsequent prediction of H2O2 were found to be within experimental error tolerances.

Adelung, S, Lohrengel, B & Nghiem, LD 2012, 'Selective transport of Cadmium by PVC/Aliquat 336 polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs): the role of membrane composition and solution chemistry', Membrane Water Treatment, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 123-131.
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Adnan, R, Masjuki, HH & Mahlia, TMI 2012, 'Performance and emission analysis of hydrogen fueled compression ignition engine with variable water injection timing', Energy, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 416-426.
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Agrawal, A, Kejalakshmy, N, Uthman, M, Rahman, BMA, Kumar, A & Grattan, KTV 2012, 'Ultra low bending loss equiangular spiral photonic crystal fibers in the terahertz regime', AIP Advances, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 022140-022140.
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An Equiangular Spiral Photonic Crystal Fiber (ES-PCF) design in Topas® for use in the Terahertz regime is presented. The design shows ultra low bending loss and very low confinement loss compared to conventional Hexagonal PCF (H-PCF). The ES-PCF has excellent modal confinement properties, together with several parameters to allow the optimization of the performance over a range of important characteristics. A full vector Finite Element simulation has been used to characterize the design which can be fabricated by a range of techniques including extrusion and drilling.

Ahmad, RT, Nguyen, TV, Shim, WG, Vigneswaran, S, Moon, H & Kandasamy, J 2012, 'Effluent organic matter removal by Purolite®A500PS: Experimental performance and mathematical model', Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 98, pp. 46-54.
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In this study, the performance of Purolite(R)A500PS in effluent organic matter (EfOM) removal was evaluated through adsorption equilibrium, kinetics and fluidized bed experiments. It was found that the maximum EfOM removal capacity of PuroliteA500PS calculated by the Langmuir isotherm was 50.9 mg DOC/g PuroliteA500PS. The results also showed that fluidized bed operational conditions strongly affected the EfOM removal efficiency. A fluidized bed packed with PuroliteA500PS can maintain a consistent EfOM removal efficiency of more than 80% with more than 800 bed volumes from 10 mg DOC/L of synthetic wastewater. A majority of hydrophilic compounds (76.4%) and a significant amount of hydrophobic compounds (55%) were removed by the PuroliteA500PS fluidized bed. The Purolite(R)A500PS fluidized bed was also found to remove a majority of biopolymer (98.5%), humic substances (86.5%), and low molecular weight neutrals (83.3%).

Akgun, A, Kıncal, C & Pradhan, B 2012, 'Application of remote sensing data and GIS for landslide risk assessment as an environmental threat to Izmir city (west Turkey)', Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, vol. 184, no. 9, pp. 5453-5470.
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Akgun, A, Sezer, EA, Nefeslioglu, HA, Gokceoglu, C & Pradhan, B 2012, 'An easy-to-use MATLAB program (MamLand) for the assessment of landslide susceptibility using a Mamdani fuzzy algorithm', Computers & Geosciences, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 23-34.
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Alavi, AH & Gandomi, AH 2012, 'Discussion on “Models to predict the deformation modulus and the coefficient of subgrade reaction for earth filling structures” by Ismail Dinçer [Adv. Eng. Software 42 (2011) 160–171]', Advances in Engineering Software, vol. 52, pp. 44-46.
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Alavi, AH & Gandomi, AH 2012, 'Energy-based numerical models for assessment of soil liquefaction', Geoscience Frontiers, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 541-555.
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Alavi, AH, Gandomi, AH & Mousavi, SM 2012, 'Discussion on “Prediction of shear strength parameters of soils using artificial neural networks and multivariate regression methods”', Engineering Geology, vol. 137-138, pp. 107-108.
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Alkilani, S & Jupp, J 2012, 'Paving the Road for Sustainable Construction in Developing Countries: A Study of the Jordanian Construction Industry', Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building - Conference Series, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 84-84.
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There is an increasing pressure on governments of developing economies to support sustainable construction procurement. In exploring this issue, this research asks three related questions: (1) how is sustainable procurement perceived in developing economies, (2) how can government regulation influence its application, and (3) what is the role of performance measurement in stimulating sustainable procurement practices? Answers are sought via an investigation exploring the underlying issues and challenges facing the construction industry of a developing country looking to address sustainable procurement. Using primary and secondary data sources, this research presents a case study of the Jordanian construction industry. Findings show that whilst sustainable procurement practices are promoted, it is still in its infancy - in part due to ineffective procurement frameworks and a lack of performance measurement. Current government regulations and policies are identified as an underlying cause, discouraging the development and adoption of sustainable procurement methods. As the Jordanian construction industry shares characteristics with other developing economies, it is expected that the findings of this paper will be of interest to professionals in those construction industries attempting to initiate sustainable procurement via performance measurement.

Al-Mahmoud, F, Castel, A & François, R 2012, 'Failure modes and failure mechanisms of RC members strengthened by NSM CFRP composites – Analysis of pull-out failure mode', Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 1893-1901.
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Al-Mashaqbeh, O & McLaughlan, RG 2012, 'Non-equilibrium zinc uptake onto compost particles from synthetic stormwater', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 123, pp. 242-248.
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Zinc uptake onto different particle size compost was evaluated in batch and column studies using a synthetic stormwater to quantify sorption capacity and kinetics. The results showed that the pseudo equilibrium time for uptake increased from 2 h to greater than 120 h as the particle size of compost increased from 75 μm to 6.75 mm. This was due to intra-particle diffusion becoming a rate limiting process as the particle size increased. Column effluent data with 1.18 mm particles could be fitted by Freundlich isotherm while that from the 4.75 mm particles and a mixed particle size columns showed rate limited sorption with tailing and could not be adequately fitted using an equilibrium based isotherm. The results have established rate-limited sorption in amended filtration media due to larger particles under these flow conditions. This needs to be accounted for in the design of these filtration media and during performance modelling

Almotairy, S, Wei, DB & Jiang, ZY 2012, 'Study on Surface Roughness Transformation during Metal Rolling', Advanced Materials Research, vol. 418-420, pp. 897-902.
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Increasing the demand for cold rolled ultra thin strip as feedstock for miniaturized products has encouraged researchers to investigate the ways to increase the quality of such products, especially those related to strip surface roughness. Surface is known as quality factor in most of manufacturing processes. In this paper, the effect of the rolling parameters on the surface roughness transformation during metal rolling has been studied. The experimental results demonstrate that the surface roughness transformation during metal rolling is highly affected by the designation of the processing parameters such as finishing temperature, reduction, rolling passes and lubrication. The results have been discussed to verify the validity of the new findings.

Altaee, A 2012, 'Computational model for estimating reverse osmosis system design and performance: Part-one binary feed solution', Desalination, vol. 291, pp. 101-105.
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Althuwaynee, OF, Pradhan, B & Lee, S 2012, 'Application of an evidential belief function model in landslide susceptibility mapping', Computers & Geosciences, vol. 44, pp. 120-135.
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Alturki, A, McDonald, J, Khan, SJ, Hai, FI, Price, WE & Nghiem, LD 2012, 'Performance of a novel osmotic membrane bioreactor (OMBR) system: Flux stability and removal of trace organics', Bioresource Technology, vol. 113, pp. 201-206.
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Amarjargal, A, Tijing, LD & Kim, CS 2012, 'Effect of annealing on the phase transition and morphology of Ag NPs on/in TiO2 rods synthesized by a polyol method', Ceramics International, vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 6365-6375.
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Amarjargal, A, Tijing, LD, Pant, HR, Park, C-H & Kim, CS 2012, 'Simultaneous synthesis of TiO2 microrods in situ decorated with Ag nanoparticles and their bactericidal efficiency', Current Applied Physics, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 1106-1112.
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Amarjargal, A, Tijing, LD, Ruelo, MTG, Lee, DH & Kim, CS 2012, 'Facile synthesis and immobilization of Ag–TiO2 nanoparticles on electrospun PU nanofibers by polyol technique and simple immersion', Materials Chemistry and Physics, vol. 135, no. 2-3, pp. 277-281.
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A simple polyol process is presented here to synthesize silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) on titanium nanosphere substrate (Ag–TiO2), which are subsequently decorated on the surface of electrospun polyurethane (PU) nanofibers by immersion in hot colloidal solution. Various spectroscopic and physical characterization techniques are utilized to study the physico-chemical properties of the prepared samples. The polyol-synthesized Ag–TiO2 decorated PU nanofibers show superior antibacterial properties under UV light, and are potentially useful for water filtration application.

Amarjargal, A, Tijing, LD, Yu, M-H, Kim, C-H, Park, C-H, Kim, D-W & Kim, C-S 2012, 'Characterization and Photocatalytic Efficiency of TiO2/Ti Beads Fabricated by Simple Heat-Treatment', Journal of Materials Science & Technology, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 184-192.
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Angelini, M & Wright, A 2012, 'Student Engagement as Transformation: An Exploration of the Academic and Personal Development of Student Mentors', Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, vol. 4, no. 2.

Angus, K, Thomas, P & Guerbois, J-P 2012, 'Synthesis and characterisation of cobaltite and ferrite spinels using thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray crystallography', Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, vol. 108, no. 2, pp. 449-452.
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The synthesis for a series of ferrite ((MFe2O4)-Fe-II) and cobaltite ((MCo2O4)-Co-II) spinels was investigated where M-II is Mg, Co, Ni, Cu or Zn. The ferrites were prepared at a calcination temperature of 800 A degrees C; the cobaltites at 500 A degrees

Aoki, Y, Ravindrarajah, RS & Khabbaz, H 2012, 'Properties of pervious concrete containing fly ash', ROAD MATERIALS AND PAVEMENT DESIGN, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1-11.
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Pervious concrete is one of the most effective pavement materials to address a number of important environmental issues, such as recharging groundwater and reducing stormwater runoff. In this paper, the findings of an experimental investigation on proper

Arefin, AS, Mathieson, L, Johnstone, D, Berretta, R & Moscato, P 2012, 'Unveiling Clusters of RNA Transcript Pairs Associated with Markers of Alzheimer’s Disease Progression', PLoS ONE, vol. 7, no. 9, pp. e45535-e45535.
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Arif, M, Saqib, M, Basalamah, S & Naeem, A 2012, 'Counting of moving people in the video using neural network system', Life Science Journal, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 1384-1392.
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Automatic counting of people in the crowd using surveillance visual camera is very useful in effective crowd management, security surveillance, and many more applications. In this paper, we have proposed an intelligent framework to automate the process of people counting in the surveillance video. Foreground (moving people) segmentation from the video is done by combination of different foreground estimation techniques. Texture analysis and foreground pixel area for different segmentation techniques are used to extract the useful features. Neural Network is trained on these features and people counting accuracy of more than 96% is achieved on a benchmark video.

Ariffin, S, Dyson, L & Hoskins-McKenzie, D 2012, 'Content is King: Malaysian Industry Experts’ Point of View on Local Content for Mobile Phones', Journal of Mobile Technologies, Knolwedge, and Society, vol. 2012, no. 2012, pp. 1-9.
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Content is the most prominent aspect of the medium for communication. The trends of the content nowadays, especially in Malaysia, have shown the lack of local content in, for example, television, radio, films, the Internet and, in more recent years, mobile phones. In order to understand the situation in Malaysia with regards to local content for mobile phones, meetings were carried out with Malaysian mobile technology specialists. Given their extensive experience in this industry, they are knowledgeable regarding mobile users needs. The findings show that there is limited local content. On the other hand, the Malaysian government has adopted a pro-active attitude to launch activities to motivate students in the universities to produce more local mobile content. Problems that need to be addressed include: low numbers of mobile content developers; lack of standardization of mobile phones; a limited business for Malaysian mobile content and limitation of bandwidth coverage in rural areas. The content on the mobile phone is also crucially important for the positioning of Malaysian local culture on the world map. One of the areas identified of importance for understanding use of mobile content is at the local institutions of higher learning. Thus, it is suggested to investigate mobile content for students and educators further on how it could benefit those participants.

Arsene, CTC, Gabrys, B & Al-Dabass, D 2012, 'Decision support system for water distribution systems based on neural networks and graphs theory for leakage detection', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 39, no. 18, pp. 13214-13224.
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Aryal, R, Johir, MAH, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J & Sleigh, R 2012, 'Performance of a stainless steel membrane in membrane bioreactor process', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 41, no. 1-3, pp. 258-264.
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Stainless steel membrane has recently emerged as a durable membrane for microfiltration. An aerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR) equipped with a tubular stainless steel membrane of pore size 0.3âμm was submerged in a wastewater reactor to treat municipal wastewater of about 1,000âmg/L COD. The membrane operational performance was tested at three different permeate flux (7.5, 10 and 15âL/m2âh [LMH]) for 2 days each. In all cases, the rate of transmembrane pressure (TMP) rise was very high at 30, 45 and 80âkPa for 7.5, 10 and 15âLMH, respectively. Different analytical techniques i.e. particle size distribution, UV spectrometry, fluorescent spectrometry and size exclusion chromatography were used to study the nature of mixed liquor and the fouling deposited on the membrane surface. Rapid rise of TMP and decrease in permeate flux was observed during the experiment. Analysis of the fouling indicated a negligible difference in nature of organics between it and the mixed liquor. Filtration flux test showed a high sludge cake and pore-blocking resistance of 4.4âÃâ1019 and 2.8âÃâ1016âmâ1, respectively, compared to a clean membrane resistance 5.4âÃâ1012âmâ1. The similar nature of organics in the mixed liquor and the foulant and recovery of flux after removal of the foulant after gentle washing in water, indicated a rapid sludge accumulation rather than the irreversible fouling.

Asghari, A, Mirghaderi, R & Gandomi, AH 2012, 'Determination of ultimate load and possible failure path for a rigid strip footing on soil partially supported by retaining wall using an adaptive refinement process', International Journal of Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Optimisation, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 210-210.
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In most branches of soil mechanics and foundation engineering, approximate methods are often used for computing the ultimate load of a footing and slope stability analysis. There are different types of approximate methods. Such as slip-line method, limit equilibrium and limit analysis. Each of the mentioned methods has restrictions in the displacement computing values, failure path, simultaneously satisfying equilibrium equations, fundamental relationships and compatibility equations, and access to the real failure mechanism. Finite element method can be used to overcome some of these restrictions. But finite element method itself has weaknesses. Some of these weaknesses are lack of awareness of suitable element sizes, lack of awareness of error value in analysis process, lack of accurate information about failure path development and costly access to failure mechanism path occurrence. Here, the adaptive refinement based on the rule of gradient recovery and concept of norm was presented as a powerful method for overcoming the restrictions of the general finite element method. This paper also tries to find an access to both the propagation of failure path and the ultimate load value for a rigid strip footing on soil partially supported by a retaining wall. Copyright © 2012 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Ashurov, R, Butaev, A & Pradhan, B 2012, 'On Generalized Localization of Fourier Inversion Associated with an Elliptic Operator for Distributions', Abstract and Applied Analysis, vol. 2012, pp. 1-13.
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We study the behavior of Fourier integrals summed by the symbols of elliptic operators and pointwise convergence of Fourier inversion. We consider generalized localization principle which in classicalLpspaces was investigated by Sjölin (1983), Carbery and Soria (1988, 1997) and Alimov (1993). Proceeding these studies, in this paper, we establish sharp conditions for generalized localization in the class of finitely supported distributions.

Askari, M & Markazi, AHD 2012, 'A new evolving compact optimised Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy model and its application to nonlinear system identification', International Journal of Systems Science, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 776-785.
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A new encoding scheme is presented for a fuzzy-based nonlinear system identification methodology, using the subtractive clustering and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm. The proposed method consists of two parts. The first part is related to the selection of most relevant or influencing inputs to the system and the second one is related to the tuning of fuzzy rules and parameters of the membership functions. The main purpose of the proposed scheme is to reduce the complexity and increase the accuracy of the model. In particular, three objectives are considered in the process of optimisation, namely, the number of inputs, number of rules and the root mean square of the modelling error. The performance of the developed method is validated by identifying the Box-Jenkins nonlinear benchmark system, and to the modelling of the forward and inverse dynamic behaviours of a magneto-rheological (MR) damper. The latter is also a challenging problem due to the inherent hysteretic and highly nonlinear dynamics of the MR damper. It is shown that the developed evolving Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model can identify and grasp the nonlinear dynamics of both systems very well, while a small number of inputs and fuzzy rules are required for this purpose. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

Aslani, F & Nejadi, S 2012, 'Bond Behavior of Reinforcement in Conventional and Self-Compacting Concrete', ADVANCES IN STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING, vol. 15, no. 12, pp. 2033-2051.
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Self-compacting concrete (SCC) can be placed under its own weight without compaction. In addition, it is cohesive enough to be handled without segregation and bleeding. Modification in the mix design of SCC can have a significant influence on the materia

Aslani, F & Nejadi, S 2012, 'Bond characteristics of steel fiber and deformed reinforcing steel bar embedded in steel fiber reinforced self-compacting concrete (SFRSCC)', Open Engineering, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 445-470.
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AbstractSteel fiber reinforced self-compacting concrete (SFRSCC) is a relatively new composite material which congregates the benefits of the self-compacting concrete (SCC) technology with the profits derived from the fiber addition to a brittle cementitious matrix. Steel fibers improve many of the properties of SCC elements including tensile strength, ductility, toughness, energy absorption capacity, fracture toughness and cracking. Although the available research regarding the influence of steel fibers on the properties of SFRSCC is limited, this paper investigates the bond characteristics between steel fiber and SCC firstly. Based on the available experimental results, the current analytical steel fiber pullout model (Dubey 1999) is modified by considering the different SCC properties and different fiber types (smooth, hooked) and inclination. In order to take into account the effect of fiber inclination in the pullout model, apparent shear strengths (τ (app)) and slip coefficient (β) are incorporated to express the variation of pullout peak load and the augmentation of peak slip as the inclined angle increases. These variables are expressed as functions of the inclined angle (ϕ). Furthurmore, steel-concrete composite floors, reinforced concrete floors supported by columns or walls and floors on an elastic foundations belong to the category of structural elements in which the conventional steel reinforcement can be partially replaced by the use of steel fibers. When discussing deformation capacity of structural elements or civil engineering structures manufactured using SFRSCC, one must be able to describe thoroughly both the behavior of the concrete matrix reinforced with steel fibers and the interaction between this composite matrix and discrete steel reinforcement of the conventional type. However, even though the knowledge on bond behavior is essential for evaluating the overall behavior of structural components containing ...

Aslani, F & Nejadi, S 2012, 'Bond characteristics of steel fibre reinforced self-compacting concrete', CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, vol. 39, no. 7, pp. 834-848.
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Steel fiber reinforced self-compacting concrete (SFRSCC) is a relatively new composite material which congregates the benefits of the self-compacting concrete (SCC) technology with the profits derived from the fiber addition to a brittle cementitious matrix. Steel fibers improve many of the properties of SCC elements including tensile strength, ductility, toughness, energy absorption capacity, fracture toughness and cracking. Although the available research regarding the influence of steel fibers on the properties of SFRSCC is limited, this paper investigates the bond characteristics between steel fiber and SCC. Based on the available experimental results, the current analytical steel fiber pullout model (Dubey, 1999) is modified by considering the different SCC properties and different fiber types (smooth, hooked) and fiber inclination. In order to take into account the effect of fiber inclination in the pullout model, apparent shear strengths (Ï(app)) and slip coefficient (β) are incorporated to express the variation of pullout peak load and the augmentation of peak slip as the inclined angle increases. These variables are expressed as functions of the inclined angle (Ï).

Aslani, F & Nejadi, S 2012, 'Cyclic constitutive model for high-strength concrete confined by ultra-high-strength and normal-strength transverse reinforcements', Australian Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 159-172.
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In this paper, a cyclic constitutive model is developed for high-strength concrete (HSC) confined by ultra-high-strength and normal-strength transverse reinforcements (UHSTR and NSTR), with the intention of providing efficient modeling for the member and structural behaviour of HSC in seismic regions. The model for HSC subjected to monotonic and cyclic loading, comprises four components; an envelope curve (for monotonic and cyclic loading), an unloading curve, a reloading curve, and a tensile unloading curve. It explicitly accounts for the effects of concrete compressive strength, Volumetric ratio of transverse reinforcement, yield strength of ties, tie spacing, and tie pattern. Comparisons with test results showed that the proposed model provides a good fit to a wide range of experimental results. © Institution of Engineers, Australia 2012.

Aslani, F & Nejadi, S 2012, 'Mechanical properties of conventional and self-compacting concrete: An analytical study', CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 330-347.
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Self-compacting concrete can be placed and compacted under its own weight with little or no compaction. It is cohesive enough to be handled without segregation or bleeding. It can be used to facilitate and ensure proper filling of complex and multipart formworks and consequently offers good structural performance in heavily reinforced structural members. Modification in the mix design of self-compacting concrete may significantly influence the materialâs mechanical properties. Therefore, it is vital to investigate whether all the assumed hypotheses about conventional concrete are also valid for self-compacting concrete structures. The present study includes: a) evaluation and comparison of the current analytical models used for estimating the mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete and conventional concrete, and b) proposing new models for the mechanical properties of both self-compacting and conventional concrete mixtures. The investigated mechanical properties are modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, and compressive stress-strain (Ï-ε) curve. Extensive databases used for evaluating the analytical models include the measured modulus of elasticity of 110 self-compacting concrete mixtures and 32 conventional concrete mixtures, measured tensile strength of 81 self-compacting concrete mixtures and 26 conventional concrete mixtures, and compressive stress-strain curve of 28 self-compacting concrete mixtures and 4 conventional concrete mixtures.

Aslani, F & Nejadi, S 2012, 'Shrinkage behavior of self-compacting concrete', JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY-SCIENCE A, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 407-419.
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In the structures where long-term behavior should be monitored and controlled, creep and shrinkage effects have to be included precisely in the analysis and design procedures. Shrinkage varies with the constituent and mixture proportions, and depends on

Aslund, ML, Canning, J, Canagasabey, A, de Oliveira, RA, Liu, Y, Cook, K & Peng, G-D 2012, 'Mapping the thermal distribution within a silica preform tube using regenerated fibre Bragg gratings', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER, vol. 55, no. 11-12, pp. 3288-3294.
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Assis‐Dorr, H, Palacios‐Marques, D & Merigó, JM 2012, 'Social networking as an enabler of change in entrepreneurial Brazilian firms', Journal of Organizational Change Management, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 699-708.
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PurposeThis paper aims to research the effects of market orientation in the use of social networking and its relationship with organisational learning.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical study was carried out in 132 recently created Brazilian biotechnology companies. Structural equation models were used in order to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe findings suggest that market orientation is positively related to social networking and organizational learning. The study also examines businesses that employ social networks and generate learning procedures within the organisations.Practical implicationsStatistically speaking, the use of social networking platforms such as Facebook and Twitter have significant effects on the internal variables of the organisation, which is why businesses should develop new profiles that better reflect the company's corporate strategy.Originality/valueCurrently, studies carried out on technologically based social networks are a new feature of the field of management. This article brings together classic management constructs, such as organizational learning or market orientation, together with the incorporation of technological social networks.

Atabani, AE, Silitonga, AS & Mahlia, TMI 2012, 'Cost benefit analysis and environmental impact of fuel economy standards for passenger cars in Indonesia', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 3547-3558.
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Atabani, AE, Silitonga, AS, Badruddin, IA, Mahlia, TMI, Masjuki, HH & Mekhilef, S 2012, 'A comprehensive review on biodiesel as an alternative energy resource and its characteristics', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 2070-2093.
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Athab, HS, Lu, DD-C & Ramar, K 2012, 'A Single-Switch AC/DC Flyback Converter Using a CCM/DCM Quasi-Active Power Factor Correction Front-End', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 1517-1526.
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Bagheri, M, Bagheri, M, Gandomi, AH & Golbraikh, A 2012, 'Simple yet accurate prediction method for sublimation enthalpies of organic contaminants using their molecular structure', Thermochimica Acta, vol. 543, pp. 96-106.
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Bakker, S, Antle, AN & van den Hoven, E 2012, 'Embodied metaphors in tangible interaction design', PERSONAL AND UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 433-449.
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For centuries, learning and development has been supported by physical activity and manipulating physical objects. With the introduction of embedded technologies, opportunities for employing tangible or embodied interaction for learning and development have emerged. As a result of previous research, we have seen that interaction models based on embodied knowledge (through embodied metaphors) can support children's learning in abstract domains. Although metaphorical mappings are promoted in tangible and embodied interaction research, little is known about how to identify embodied metaphors, or how to implement them effectively into interaction models. In this paper, we introduce a people centered, iterative approach to the design of tangible learning systems with embodied metaphor-based mappings. As a design case, we imple- mented our approach to the design of Moving Sounds (MoSo) Tangibles; a tangible system for learning abstract sound concepts. The system consists of a set of interactive tangibles with which children can manipulate pitch, volume, and tempo of ongoing tones. In a user study with 39 participants, we found that all children were able to reproduce sound samples with MoSo Tangibles.

Bakker, S, van den Hoven, E & Eggen, B 2012, 'Acting by hand: Informing interaction design for the periphery of people's attention', INTERACTING WITH COMPUTERS, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 119-130.
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Interactions in and with the physical world have enabled us to perform everyday activities in the periphery of our attention. Even though digital technologies are becoming increasingly present in the everyday environment, interaction with these technologies usually requires people's focused attention. In the realm of the vision of calm technology, we think that designing interactions with the digital world inspired by our peripheral interaction with the physical world, will enable digital technologies to better blend into our everyday lives. However, for such interaction design to be effective, a detailed understanding of the everyday periphery is required. In this paper, we therefore present a qualitative study on every- day activities that may take place in the periphery of the attention. We provide a broad range of examples of such everyday activities and cluster them to present the conditions under which they may be performed peripherally. Furthermore, we discuss how our findings may be relevant for the design of peripheral interactions with digital technologies, and present two conceptual designs that are based on our findings.

Bakker, S, van den Hoven, E & Eggen, B 2012, 'Knowing by ear: leveraging human attention abilities in interaction design', JOURNAL ON MULTIMODAL USER INTERFACES, vol. 5, no. 3-4, pp. 197-209.
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In a world in which intelligent technologies are integrated in everyday objects and environments, users are at risk of being overburdened with information and interac- tion possibilities. Calm technology therefore aims at design- ing interactions that may reside in the periphery of the userâs attention and only shift to the center of the attention when re- quired. However, for such designs to be effective, a detailed understanding of human attention abilities is needed. In this paper, we therefore present a qualitative study on the every- day periphery of the attention. As we expected, we found that sound plays a major role in this, which supports our ap- proach to use interactive sonification as an interaction style for peripheral interaction. We present a range of rich exam- ples of everyday situations that lay out the design space for peripheral interaction and support these findings by describ- ing three initial designs that use interactive sonification for peripheral interaction.

Bao, G, Wen, S & Zeng, Z 2012, 'Robust stability analysis of interval fuzzy Cohen–Grossberg neural networks with piecewise constant argument of generalized type', Neural Networks, vol. 33, pp. 32-41.
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Beck, D, Brandl, MB, Boelen, L, Unnikrishnan, A, Pimanda, JE & Wong, JWH 2012, 'Signal analysis for genome-wide maps of histone modifications measured by ChIP-seq', Bioinformatics, vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 1062-1069.
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Abstract Motivation: Chromatin structure, including post-translational modifications of histones, regulates gene expression, alternative splicing and cell identity. ChIP-seq is an increasingly used assay to study chromatin function. However, tools for downstream bioinformatics analysis are limited and are only based on the evaluation of signal intensities. We reasoned that new methods taking into account other signal characteristics such as peak shape, location and frequencies might reveal new insights into chromatin function, particularly in situation where differences in read intensities are subtle. Results: We introduced an analysis pipeline, based on linear predictive coding (LPC), which allows the capture and comparison of ChIP-seq histone profiles. First, we show that the modeled signal profiles distinguish differentially expressed genes with comparable accuracy to signal intensities. The method was robust against parameter variations and performed well up to a signal-to-noise ratio of 0.55. Additionally, we show that LPC profiles of activating and repressive histone marks cluster into distinct groups and can be used to predict their function. Availability and implementation:  http://www.cancerresearch.unsw.edu.au/crcweb.nsf/page/LPCHP A Matlab implementation along with usage instructions and an example input file are available from: http://www.cancerresearch.unsw.edu.au/crcweb.nsf/page/LPCHP Contact:  d.beck@student.unsw.edu.au; jpimanda@unsw.edu.au; jason.wong@unsw.edu.au Supplementary information:  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Beecham, S, Pezzaniti, D & Kandasamy, J 2012, 'Stormwater treatment using permeable pavements', Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Water Management, vol. 165, no. 3, pp. 161-170.
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Permeable pavements are generally used in water-sensitive urban design as a component of a treatment train and as a source control measure for reducing stormwater flows and pollutant loads. In Australia, permeable pavement systems are an emerging technology and consequently there are few installations more than 10 years old. The performance of permeable pavements in terms of treatment of urban stormwater runoff from a number of typical, but different urban catchments is discussed. Water quality monitoring was carried out in the field to quantify the improvement that permeable pavement systems can make to runoff quality at a car park located at North Haven in Adelaide, South Australia, that utilise both conventional and permeable pavement systems. Extensive laboratory analysis using stormwater collected from four sites was carried out to assess the effectiveness of permeable pavement systems for reducing pollutant discharges. In general, the permeable pavement systems were found to improve stormwater quality when tested at a 5% significance level. The results show that, on average, permeable pavements were able to reduce nutrient concentrations (total nitrogen and total phosphorus), heavy metals (zinc, lead, copper, cadmium and nickel) and total suspended solids. The reductions in pollutant concentrations can be mainly attributed to mechanical filtration by various components of the permeable pavement system.

Bennett, NS & Cowern, NEB 2012, 'Doping characterization for germanium-based microelectronics and photovoltaics using the differential Hall technique', Applied Physics Letters, vol. 100, no. 17, pp. 172106-172106.
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In this coming decade, complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor microelectronic devices may undergo a major change with the implementation of germanium channels. Likewise, the performance of photovoltaic cells based on elemental semiconductors will continue to be optimized. Both technologies will rely on a detailed and thorough understanding of electrical properties, and here, precise doping characterization will play a key role. The differential Hall technique combines resistivity and Hall-effect measurements with successive surface layer removal, allowing one to measure independent carrier concentration and mobility depth profiles. In this Letter, we apply the technique for both microelectronic- and photovoltaic-relevant doping structures in germanium. Controllable and uniform layer removal is achieved with tailored depth resolution (<1–20 nm) for a range of doping structures (30–600 nm).

Bernardo, DV & Hoang, DB 2012, 'Multi-layer security analysis and experimentation of high speed protocol data transfer for GRID', International Journal of Grid and Utility Computing, vol. 3, no. 2/3, pp. 81-81.
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GRID computing infrastructures and applications coordinate uncontrolled and decentralised resources; using new fast data transfer protocols deliver and provide high data transmission that can meet high performance computing requirements of users, institutions, and industries. For such environments standard transport protocols such as TCP and UDP are not always sufficient given their fixed set of properties and limited flexibility. Today, TCP protocol variants have demonstrated better performance in either GRID simulations or WAN and in some limited network experiments. However, practical use in real applications of these protocols is still very limited because of the implementation and installation difficulties. On the other hand, users who need to transfer bulk data (e.g., in grid/cloud computing) usually turn to application level solutions where these variants do not fair well. Among protocols considered in the application level solutions are UDP-based protocols, such as UDT (UDP-based Data Transport Protocol).UDT is considered one of the most recently developed new transport protocols with congestion control algorithms. It was developed to support next generation high-speed networks, GRID, and including wide area optical networks. We surveyed and conducted experiments on existing mechanisms to determine their viability to secure UDT. The results of the experiments provide important dimensions to our aim of developing a comprehensive security architecture for UDT in the future.

Bhuiya, MMK, Ahamed, JU, Chowdhury, MSU, Sarkar, MAR, Salam, B, Saidur, R, Masjuki, HH & Kalam, MA 2012, 'Heat transfer enhancement and development of correlation for turbulent flow through a tube with triple helical tape inserts', International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 94-101.
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Bhuiya, MMK, Ahamed, JU, Sarkar, MAR, Salam, B, Masjuki, HH, Kalam, MA, Saidur, R & Sayem, ASM 2012, 'Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Characteristics in Turbulent Flow Through a Tube', Experimental Heat Transfer, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 301-322.
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Bhuiya, MMK, Chowdhury, MSU, Ahamed, JU, Khan, MJH, Sarkar, MAR, Kalam, MA, Masjuki, HH & Shahabuddin, M 2012, 'Heat transfer performance for turbulent flow through a tube using double helical tape inserts', International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 818-825.
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Bilek, E, Busch, F, Hartung, J, Scheele, C, Thomas, C, Deuse, J & Kuhlenkötter, B 2012, 'Intelligente Erstellung und Nutzung von Maschinendokumentation', Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, vol. 107, no. 9, pp. 652-656.
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Kurzfassung Mit zunehmender Komplexität von Maschinen und Anlagen steigen auch die Anforderungen und der Aufwand für die Erstellung technischer Dokumentationsunterlagen. Daher müssen Maschinen zukünftig so ausgerüstet werden, dass Mitarbeiter durch Bereitstellung zustandsabhängiger Informationen bei Instandhaltungs- und Dokumentationsaufgaben unterstützt werden. Dazu wird ein Konzept für eine Hardwarekomponente vorgestellt, welche Veränderungen in der Anlage automatisch erkennt, analysiert und aufbereitet.

Blamires, SJ, Lai, C-H, Cheng, R-C, Liao, C-P, Shen, P-S & Tso, I-M 2012, 'Body spot coloration of a nocturnal sit-and-wait predator visually lures prey', Behavioral Ecology, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 69-74.
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BLAMIRES, SJ, WU, C-L, BLACKLEDGE, TA & TSO, I-M 2012, 'Environmentally induced post-spin property changes in spider silks: influences of web type, spidroin composition and ecology', Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, vol. 106, no. 3, pp. 580-588.
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Blamires, SJ, Wu, C-L, Blackledge, TA & Tso, I-M 2012, 'Post-secretion processing influences spider silk performance', Journal of The Royal Society Interface, vol. 9, no. 75, pp. 2479-2487.
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Phenotypic variation facilitates adaptations to novel environments. Silk is an example of a highly variable biomaterial. The two-spidroin (MaSp) model suggests that spider major ampullate (MA) silk is composed of two proteins—MaSp1 predominately contains alanine and glycine and forms strength enhancing β-sheet crystals, while MaSp2 contains proline and forms elastic spirals. Nonetheless, mechanical properties can vary in spider silks without congruent amino acid compositional changes. We predicted that post-secretion processing causes variation in the mechanical performance of wild MA silk independent of protein composition or spinning speed across 10 species of spider. We used supercontraction to remove post-secretion effects and compared the mechanics of silk in this ‘ground state’ with wild native silks. Native silk mechanics varied less among species compared with ‘ground state’ silks. Variability in the mechanics of ‘ground state’ silks was associated with proline composition. However, variability in native silks did not. We attribute interspecific similarities in the mechanical properties of native silks, regardless of amino acid compositions, to glandular processes altering molecular alignment of the proteins prior to extrusion. Such post-secretion processing may enable MA silk to maintain functionality across environments, facilitating its function as a component of an insect-catching web.

Bogdanov, A & Qiao, Y 2012, 'On the security of Goldreich’s one-way function', computational complexity, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 83-127.
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Goldreich (ECCC 2000) suggested a simple construction of a candidate one-way function f : {0, 1} n ? {0, 1} m where each bit of output is a fixed predicate P of a constant number d of (random) input bits. We investigate the security of this construction in the regime m = Dn, where D(d) is a sufficiently large constant. We prove that for any predicate P that correlates with either one or two of its inputs, f can be inverted with high probability.

Brennan, J & Martin, E 2012, 'Spatial proximity is more than just a distance measure', International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 88-106.
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In order to design computer systems that are intuitive to use, the way humans reason about their âreal world❠surroundings needs to be taken into consideration. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) focus on spatial reasoning. Over the last decades, many advances have been made in GIS interfaces and functionality; however the concept of proximity or nearness, which is essential in many forms of human reasoning, is still being addressed insufficiently. This paper provides a thorough and comprehensive synthesis of the disparate literature that pertains to the subject of proximity. It offers insights into why existing methods for reasoning with proximity work, or do not work, and analyses their strengths and weaknesses. Finally, the paper provides the derivation of new proximity measures, and their evaluation, backed by experiments and reflections. New measures are formally described in a unifying and compelling framework. This framework acknowledges that while distance is one factor that influences proximity perception, proximity is much more than just a distance measure.

Bressan, N, McGregor, C, Blount, M, Ebling, M, Sow, D & James, A 2012, '1618 Identification of Noxious Events for Newborn Infants with a Neural Network', Archives of Disease in Childhood, vol. 97, no. Suppl 2, pp. A458-A458.
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Briët, J, Buhrman, H, Lee, T & Vidick, T 2012, 'All Schatten spaces endowed with the Schur product are Q-algebras', Journal of Functional Analysis, vol. 262, no. 1, pp. 1-9.
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Bródka, P, Kazienko, P, Musiał, K & Skibicki, K 2012, 'Analysis of Neighbourhoods in Multi-layered Dynamic Social Networks', International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 582-596.
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Social networks existing among employees, customers or users of various IT systems have become one of the research areas of growing importance. A social network consists of nodes - social entities and edges linking pairs of nodes. In regular, one-layered social networks, two nodes - i.e. people are connected with a single edge whereas in the multi-layered social networks, there may be many links of different types for a pair of nodes. Nowadays data about people and their interactions, which exists in all social media, provides information about many different types of relationships within one network. Analysing this data one can obtain knowledge not only about the structure and characteristics of the network but also gain understanding about semantic of human relations. Are they direct or not? Do people tend to sustain single or multiple relations with a given person? What types of communication is the most important for them? Answers to these and more questions enable us to draw conclusions about semantic of human interactions. Unfortunately, most of the methods used for social network analysis (SNA) may be applied only to one-layered social networks. Thus, some new structural measures for multi-layered social networks are proposed in the paper, in particular: cross-layer clustering coefficient, cross-layer degree centrality and various versions of multi-layered degree centralities. Authors also investigated the dynamics of multi-layered neighbourhood for five different layers within the social network. The evaluation of the presented concepts on the real-world dataset is presented. The measures proposed in the paper may directly be used to various methods for collective classification, in which nodes are assigned to labels according to their structural input features.

Brunner, N, Fallböhmer, M, Sousanabady, RJ, Schallow, J & Deuse, J 2012, 'Plattformkonzept für die Montageplanung', Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, vol. 107, no. 11, pp. 825-830.
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Kurzfassung Die starke Individualisierung der Produkte im globalen Wettbewerb erzeugt eine hohe Anzahl unterschiedlicher Varianten, die auf Grund sinkender Produktlebenszyklen zu einer hohen Planungshäufigkeit führen. Entscheidend für die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit produzierender Unternehmen ist eine schnelle Anpassungsfähigkeit der Produktionssysteme an die Anforderungen des zu realisierenden Produktprogramms. Einen wesentlichen Beitrag hierzu kann die Montageplanung leisten. In diesem Artikel wird beschrieben, wie ein standardisiertes Montagesystem basierend auf einem Produktbaukasten durch die Analyse der Schnittstelle zwischen Produkt und Montageanlagen entwickelt werden kann.

Bui, DT, Pradhan, B, Lofman, O, Revhaug, I & Dick, OB 2012, 'Application of support vector machines in landslide susceptibility assessment for the Hoa Binh province (Vietnam) with kernel functions analysis', iEMSs 2012 - Managing Resources of a Limited Planet: Proceedings of the 6th Biennial Meeting of the International Environmental Modelling and Software Society, pp. 382-389.
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The main objective of this study is to investigate the potential application of support vector machines (SVM) with kernel functions analysis for spatial prediction of landslides in the Hoa Binh province, Vietnam. A landslide inventory map that accounts for landslides that occurred during the last ten years was constructed using data from various sources. The landslide inventory was randomly divided into a training dataset 70% for building the models and the remaining 30% for the validation of the models. Ten landslide conditioning factors, such as slope angle, aspect, relief amplitude, lithology, soil type, landuse, distance to roads, distance to rivers, distance to faults and rainfall were prepared. During the model building process, four different SVM kernel functions (linear, polynomial, radial basic function, and sigmoid) were employed and four landslide susceptibility maps were constructed. Using the prediction rate method, the validation was performed by using landslide locations, which were not utilized during the model building. The validation results showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for landslide susceptibility maps produced by the SVM linear function, SVM polynomial function, SVM radial basic function, and SVM sigmoid function are 0.956, 0.956, 0.952, and 0.945 respectively. It indicates that the four landslide models seem to have performed well. Compared with the logistic regression (AUC =0.938) and Bayesian neural network model (AUC 0.903), the accuracy of the SVM landslide models in this study (using radial basic function and polynomial function) are slightly better. The result shows that SVM is a powerful tool for landslide susceptibility mapping at a regional scale. These maps can be very useful for natural hazards assessment and for land use planning.

Cagno, E & Trianni, A 2012, 'Analysis of the Most Effective Energy Efficiency Opportunities in Manufacturing Primary Metals, Plastics, and Textiles Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises', Journal of Energy Resources Technology, vol. 134, no. 2.
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Governments are pursuing a variety of measures to reach common and more efficient environmental and energetic policies: Nonetheless, the effort has shown to be not sufficient, since the objectives stated in the European Union (EU) Directive 2009/28/EC on energy efficiency seem quite distant to be reached. A greater attention has obviously been paid toward the industrial sector, which utilizes a major share of primary energy consumption: Till now several actions have been taken to achieve the energy performance of buildings, but very few are in operations. Nonetheless, in order to be most effective, governments should focus their attention not only on energy intensive large enterprises (LEs) but also on nonenergy intensive small and medium enterprises (SMEs) that represent the majority of the total number of industries, cover a consistent share of the energy consumption of a whole domestic industrial sector, and are usually less efficient than LEs. This paper aims to highlight the most effective energy savings opportunities (ESOs) for reducing energy consumption in industrial operations that have been successfully implemented in a large number of SMEs case studies investigated in North America and Italy, showing a correspondence (in terms of savings and costs) between the two databases. This paper analyzes the ESOs, characterized by best available technologies and practices (BAT/Ps), with a cross-analysis within three manufacturing sectors, i.e., primary metals, plastics, and textiles, and considering different subsizes among SMEs, in order to show commonalities and differences among the sample. The ESOs have been analyzed and ranked according to different criteria of importance, highlighting the most diffused, those having the highest energy savings, and those with the shortest pay-back time. The scope of the elaboration of these criteria is twofold: on one side, it allows to be closer to the entrepreneurial sensibility, guiding entrepreneurs in evaluatin...

Cai, Y, Guo, YJ & Bird, TS 2012, 'A Frequency Reconfigurable Printed Yagi-Uda Dipole Antenna for Cognitive Radio Applications', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 60, no. 6, pp. 2905-2912.
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A frequency reconfigurable printed Yagi-Uda antenna is presented for cognitive radio applications. A 46% continuous frequency tuning bandwidth is obtained by loading the driver dipole arms and four directors with varactor diodes. This configuration allows a high-gain and an almost constant end-fire pattern to be maintained while the antenna operating frequency is tuned. A parametric study was undertaken considering the inter-director spacing, director length tapering, and reflector geometry. It was found possible over the band that the front-to-back ratio is > 16 dB, the sidelobe level is < -14 dB and the cross polarization levels in the principal planes are < - 15.5 dB. From 1-dB compression point measurements, the maximum input power of the antenna with the present diodes is limited to 17.6 dBm at 700 MHz. This suggests that reconfigurable antennas which use active components should have an IIP3 specification placed on them. The frequency selective feature of the antenna makes it as an attractive user terminal antenna for fixed point-to-multipoint cognitive radio enabled broadband wireless access. © 2012 IEEE.

Cai, Y, Guo, YJ & Qin, P-Y 2012, 'Frequency Switchable Printed Yagi-Uda Dipole Sub-Array for Base Station Antennas', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 1639-1642.
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A frequency switchable printed Yagi-Uda dipole sub-array is proposed as an array element for base station antennas. The sub-array consists of four Yagi-Uda dipole elements loaded with PIN diodes. The electrical lengths of the director and driven dipole elements can be changed by controlling the PIN diodes states so that the sub-array can operate in two different frequency bands. The impedance bandwidth (|S11|≤ -10dB) is measured to be 4.9% and 12.9% in the lower (from 2.39 to 2.51 GHz) and higher band (from 3.18 to 3.62 GHz), respectively. The measured gain of the sub-array is 9.2 and 11.9 dBi at 2.44 and 3.4 GHz, respectively. The end-fire fan-beam pattern is obtained across the two operation bands, which makes the antenna element suitable for base station application with frequency reconfigurablity.

Canning, J 2012, 'Janice Irene Kibirige', BMJ, vol. 345, no. nov14 1, pp. e7103-e7103.
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Canning, J 2012, 'Optical sensing: the last frontier for enabling intelligence in our wired up world and beyond', Photonic Sensors, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 193-202.
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Consigned to the shadows of telecommunications, optical sensing has often taken a back seat in a young person's mind when considering the importance of photonics, or optics, to the advancement of the society and of knowledge. Here, I touch on briefly how broad optical sensing and sensing generally has become and how and why it is becoming the catalyst for the convergence of many technologies and in the process raising significant philosophical questions about the transformation of our society and indeed ourselves. In doing so I touch on many of the complexities in real life that influence the breakthroughs we see today, including a healthy speculation and critique on our society and an awareness of the motivations to improve it that drive many of them. © The Author(s) 2012.

Cao, L 2012, 'Actionable knowledge discovery and delivery', WIREs Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 149-163.
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AbstractActionable knowledge has been qualitatively and intensively studied in the social sciences. Its marriage with data mining is only a recent story. On the one hand, data mining has been booming for a while and has attracted an increasing variety of increasing applications. On the other, it is a reality that the so‐called knowledge discovered from data by following the classic frameworks often cannot support meaningful decision‐making actions. This shows the poor relationship and significant gap between data mining research and practice, and between knowledge, power, and action, and forms an increasing imbalance between research outcomes and business needs. Thorough and innovative retrospection and thinking are timely in bridging the gaps and promoting data mining toward next‐generation research and development: namely, the paradigm shift from knowledge discovery from data to actionable knowledge discovery and delivery. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This article is categorized under: Application Areas > Data Mining Software Tools Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Key Design Issues in Data Mining Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Motivation and Emergence of Data Mining

Cao, L, Ou, Y & Yu, PS 2012, 'Coupled Behavior Analysis with Applications', IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, vol. 24, no. 8, pp. 1378-1392.
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Coupled behaviors refer to the activities of one to many actors who are associated with each other in terms of certain relationships. With increasing network and community-based events and applications, such as group-based crime and social network intera

Cao, L, Weiss, G & Yu, PS 2012, 'A brief introduction to agent mining', Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 419-424.
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Agent mining is an emerging interdisciplinary area that integrates multiagent systems, data mining and knowledge discovery, machine learning and other relevant areas. It brings new opportunities to tackling issues in relevant fields more efficiently by e

Carroll, AP, Tran, N, Tooney, PA & Cairns, MJ 2012, 'Alternative mRNA fates identified in microRNA-associated transcriptome analysis', BMC Genomics, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1-19.
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Abstract Background MicroRNA (miRNA) are small non-coding RNA molecules which function as nucleic acid-based specificity factors in the universal RNA binding complex known as the RNA induced silencing complex (RISC). In the canonical gene-silencing pathway, these activated RISC particles are associated with RNA decay and gene suppression, however, there is evidence to suggest that in some circumstances they may also stabilise their target RNA and even enhance translation. To further explore the role of miRNA in this context, we performed a genome-wide expression analysis to investigate the molecular consequences of bidirectional modulation of the disease-associated miRNAs miR-181b and miR-107 in multiple human cell lines. Results This data was subjected to pathways analysis and correlated against miRNA targets predicted through seed region homology. This revealed a large number of both conserved and non-conserved miRNA target genes, a selection of which were functionally validated through reporter gene assays. Contrary to expectation we also identified a significant proportion of predicted target genes with both conserved and non-conserved recognition elements that were positively correlated with the modulated miRNA. Finally, a large proportion of miR-181b associated genes devoid of the corresponding miRNA recognition element, were enriched with binding motifs for the E2F1 transcription factor, which is encoded by a miR-181b target gene. Conclusions These findings suggest that miRNA regulate target genes directly through interactions with both conserved and non-conserved target recognition elements, and can lead to both a decrease and increase in t...

Casanovas, M & Merigó, JM 2012, 'Fuzzy aggregation operators in decision making with Dempster–Shafer belief structure', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 39, no. 8, pp. 7138-7149.
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Castel, A, Coronelli, D & François, R 2012, 'Response of corroded prestressed beams with bonded strands', Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Structures and Buildings, vol. 165, no. 5, pp. 233-244.
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Deterioration of post-tensioned structures may take place as a consequence of severe environmental conditions or design or construction errors. This paper investigates analytically the effects of corrosion on the structural response of bonded post-tensioned beams. An experimental study on the stress corrosion of prestressing wires is described first, providing data on the steel behaviour. A series of tests on beams taken from the literature is then analysed. The breaking of a part of the wires was caused by artificial corrosion; the beams showed stiffness and strength deterioration as a consequence of further breakages occurring under imposed load. Two different analytical approaches are used: macro finite-element analysis based on the calculation of the cross-section response and non-linear finite-element analysis. The analyses provide the global response and local strain values with the interpretation of the causes of the deterioration of the response.

Castel, A, Vidal, T & François, R 2012, 'Finite-Element Modeling to Calculate the Overall Stiffness of Cracked Reinforced Concrete Beams', Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 138, no. 7, pp. 889-898.
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Çetindamar, D & Günsel, A 2012, 'Measuring the Creativity of a City: A Proposal and an Application', European Planning Studies, vol. 20, no. 8, pp. 1301-1318.
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CETINDAMAR, D & PRETORIUS, MW 2012, 'UNVEILING TM PRACTICES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES', International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, vol. 09, no. 05, pp. 1-8.
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No abstract received.

Cetindamar, D, Gupta, VK, Karadeniz, EE & Egrican, N 2012, 'What the numbers tell: The impact of human, family and financial capital on women and men's entry into entrepreneurship in Turkey', Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, vol. 24, no. 1-2, pp. 29-51.
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Entrepreneurship contributes to economic development in countries worldwide. Entrepreneurial activity is beneficial for both men and women, including those in developing countries. However, men and women may not engage in entrepreneurship to the same extent because of differential access to (various forms of) capital. This study examines the relative importance of three types of capital -- human, family and financial -- in pursuing entrepreneurship. Using data collected in Turkey, we find that regardless of sex, all three forms of capital influence the likelihood of becoming an entrepreneur in varying degrees. Contrary to expectations, the impact of human capital on the likelihood of becoming an entrepreneur is higher for women than men. Data also revealed that family capital facilitates women's entry into entrepreneurship only when family size is very large (i.e. seven or more). No gender differences are observed in the impact of financial capital on the likelihood of becoming an entrepreneur. Findings suggest that to encourage entrepreneurship in Turkey, policy-makers should emphasize access to human and financial capital. Furthermore, findings suggest that women's likelihood of becoming an entrepreneur will be especially encouraged if they have increased access to education, as well as the skills necessary to take advantage of their family capital.

CETINDAMAR, D, WASTI, NS & BEYHAN, B 2012, 'TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES: FACTORS AFFECTING THEIR USAGE AND THEIR IMPACT ON PERFORMANCE', International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, vol. 09, no. 05, pp. 1-17.
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This study investigates which technology management (TM) tools are used in practice, what determines their usage, and whether they affect the user firms' performance. Based on a survey of 52 electronics and machinery firms in Turkey, the study shows there are significant relationships between the number of TM tools and techniques that a firm uses and (i) the hierarchical level of the chief technology officer (CTO) or most senior manager responsible for technology, (ii) his/her field of education, and (iii) the size of the firm. The findings indicate a significant and linear relationship between the extent to which the firms have reached their growth targets and the number of TM tools and techniques used. This relationship is, however, not observed between firm profitability and the number of TM tools and techniques. The findings have important implications for the practice of TM.

Chaczko, Z, Aslanzadeh, S & Kuleff, J 2012, 'The Artificial Immune System Approach for Smart Air-Conditioning Control', International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 193-199.
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The Artificial Immune System Approach for Smart Air-Conditioning ControlBiologically inspired computing that looks to nature and biology for inspiration is a revolutionary change to our thinking about solving complex computational problems. It looks into nature and biology for inspiration rather than conventional approaches. The Human Immune System with its complex structure and the capability of performing pattern recognition, self-learning, immune-memory, generation of diversity, noise tolerance, variability, distributed detection and optimisation - is one area that has been of strong interest and inspiration for the last decade. An air conditioning system is one example where immune principles can be applied. This paper describes new computational technique called Artificial Immune System that is based on immune principles and refined for solving engineering problems. The presented system solution applies AIS algorithms to monitor environmental variables in order to determine how best to reach the desired temperature, learn usage patterns and predict usage needs. The aim of this paper is to explore the AIS-based artificial intelligence approach and its impact on energy efficiency. It will examine, if AIS algorithms can be integrated within a Smart Air Conditioning System as well as analyse the impact of such a solution.

Chaczko, Z, Aslanzadeh, S, Jiang, F & Klempous, R 2012, 'The Implementation of 3TZ Model of Software Development', International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications, vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 433-439.
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Abstract This paper presents the concepts and explores issues related to the 3 Time Zones (3TZ) model of software development in global workspace environment. The 3TZ model itself seeks to take advantages of differences in time zones between places around the world. By engaging software development teams in different regions separated by 8 hours each, it is possible for their combined working hours to cover the whole 24 hours period. Thus, while they each work their normal 8 hour days, together they are able to achieve in 1 day what a single team would achieve in 3 days. They are able to achieve this by passing on their work from one team to the next as one finishes their workday and the next team starts their workday. The 3TZ model of software development revolves around the employment of a software development team distributed in at least 3 different locations around the world in 3 different time zones. If work was passed on from one team to the next and adjacent teams were separated by 8 hours, then 24 hours continuous collaborative software development could be achieved. Though this poses many challenges, when dealt with there is great potential for software to be developed much faster than is possible for a single, collocated development team. In the global economy, we have seen a decrease in the barriers towards communication across the globe along with an increase of service availability to support this communication. Software development is one of the disciplines that is capable of effectively utilizing and benefiting from global collaboration prospect lent by ever increasing capability of information and communication technology. 24 hours continuous development is ideal for application towards tasks that have hard deadlines or require work completed as soon as possible. This article will mainly focus on introducing 24/7 global models that can be applied in cloud environment used in three different time ...

Chaczko, Z, Chiu, C, Aslanzadeh, S & Dune, T 2012, 'Sensor-Actor Network Solution for Scalable Ad-hoc Sensor Networks', International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 55-62.
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Sensor-Actor Network Solution for Scalable Ad-hoc Sensor NetworksArchitects of ad-hoc wireless Sensor-Actor Networks (SANETS) face various problems and challenges. The main limitations relate to aspects such as the number of sensor nodes involved, low bandwidth, management of resources and issues related to energy management. In order for these networks to be functionally proficient, the underlying software system must be able to effectively handle unreliable and dynamic distributed communication, power constraints of wireless devices, failure of hardware devices in hostile environments and the remote allocation of distributed processing tasks throughout the wireless network. The solution must be solved in a highly scalable manner. This paper provides the requirements analysis and presents the design of a software system middleware that provides a scalable solution for ad-hoc sensor network infrastructure made of both stationary and mobile sensors and actuators.

Chaczko, Z, Resconi, G, Chiu, C & Aslanzadeh, S 2012, 'N-Body Potential Interaction as a Cost Function in the Elastic Model for SANET Cloud Computing', International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 63-70.
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N-Body Potential Interaction as a Cost Function in the Elastic Model for SANET Cloud ComputingGiven a connection graph of entities that send and receive a flow of data controlled by effort and given the parameters, the metric tensor is computed that is in the elastic relational flow to effort. The metric tensor can be represented by the Hessian of the interaction potential. Now the interaction potential or cost function can be among two entities: 3 entities or ‘N’ entities and can be separated into two main parts. The first part is the repulsion potential the entities move further from the others to obtain minimum cost, the second part is the attraction potential for which the entities move near to others to obtain the minimum cost. For Pauli's model [1], the attraction potential is a functional set of parameters given from the environment (all the elements that have an influence in the module can be the attraction of one entity to another). Now the cost function can be created in a space of macro-variables or macro-states that is less of all possible variables. Any macro-variable collect a set of micro-variables or microstates. Now from the hessian of the macro-variables, the Hessian is computed of the micro-variables in the singular points as stable or unstable only by matrix calculus without any analytical computation - possible when the macro-states are distant among entities. Trivially, the same method can be obtained by a general definition of the macro-variable or macro-states and micro-states or variables. As cloud computing for Sensor-Actor Networks (SANETS) is based on the bonding concept for complex interrelated systems; the bond valence or couple corresponds to the minimum of the interaction potential V and in the SANET cloud as the minimum cost.

Chai, J, Sheng, D, Carter, JP & Zhu, H 2012, 'Coefficient of consolidation from non-standard piezocone dissipation curves', Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 41, pp. 13-22.
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Chan, KY, Yiu, CKF, Dillon, TS, Nordholm, S & Ling, SH 2012, 'Enhancement of Speech Recognitions for Control Automation Using an Intelligent Particle Swarm Optimization', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 869-879.
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For over two decades, speech control mechanisms have been widely applied in manufacturing systems such as factory automation, warehouse automation, and industrial robotic control for over two decades. To implement speech controls, a commercial speech recognizer is used as the interface between users and the automation system. However, users commands are often contaminated by environmental noise which degrades the performance of speech recognition for controlling automation systems. This paper presents a multichannel signal enhancement methodology to improve the performance of commercial speech recognizers. The proposed methodology aims to optimize speech recognition accuracy of a commercial speech recognizer in a noisy environment based on a beamformer, which is developed by an intelligent particle swarm optimization. It overcomes the limitation of the existing signal enhancement approaches whereby the parameters inside commercial speech recognizers are required to be tuned, which is impossible in a real-world situation. Also, it overcomes the limitation of the existing optimization algorithm including gradient descent methods, genetic algorithms and classical particle swarm optimization that are unlikely to develop optimal beamformers for maximizing speech recognition accuracy. The performance of the proposed methodology was evaluated by developing beamformers for a commercial speech recognizer, which was implemented on warehouse automation. Results indicate a signi?cant improvement regarding speech recognition accuracy

Chan, MY, Nguyen, ND, Center, JR, Eisman, JA & Nguyen, TV 2012, 'Absolute Fracture-Risk Prediction by a Combination of Calcaneal Quantitative Ultrasound and Bone Mineral Density', Calcified Tissue International, vol. 90, no. 2, pp. 128-136.
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Abstract Quantitative ultrasound measurement (QUS) and bone mineral density (BMD) have each been shown to predict fracture risk in women. The present study examined whether a combination of QUS and BMD could improve the predictive accuracy of fracture risk. This is a population- based prospective study which involved 454 women and 445 men aged 6289 years. Femoral neck BMD (FNBMD) was measured by DXA and calcaneal QUS was measured as broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) by a CUBA sonometer. Fragility fracture was ascertained by X-ray reports during the follow-up period, which took place between mid-1989 and 2009. During the follow-up period (median 13 years, range 1115), 75 men and 154 women sustained a fragility fracture. In women, the model with FNBMD and BUA had a higher AUC compared to that without BUA (0.73 vs. 0.71 for any fracture, 0.81 vs. 0.77 for hip fracture, and 0.72 vs. 0.70 for vertebral fracture). Reclassification analysis yielded a total net reclassification improvement of 7.3%, 11.1%, and 5.2% for any, hip, and vertebral fractures, respectively. For men, the addition of BUA to FNBMD did not improve the predictive power for any, hip, or vertebral fracture. These results suggest that calcaneal QUS is an independent predictor of fracture risk and that a combination of QUS and BMD measurement could improve the predictive accuracy of fracture risk in elderly women.

Chanan, A, Vigneswaran, S & Kandasamy, J 2012, 'Case study research: training interdisciplinary engineers with context-dependent knowledge', European Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 97-104.
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It is now widely acknowledged that water management discipline is transforming, from being a public health and flood prevention challenge of the nineteenth century to a multi-dimensional challenge of water security for the twenty-first century. In order to train water engineers to be capable of working with this holistic multi-dimensional approach, a new paradigm in engineering education is required. Adjustments already made to undergraduate coursework are not enough; this new paradigm requires modifications to the PhD in engineering, with greater emphasis on interdisciplinary case study research. Such a change can deliver PhD graduates with both sufficient social and technical knowledge, who can then go on to become the hybrid lecturers crucially needed for training future water engineers.

Chang, L, Yu, JX, Qin, L, Cheng, H & Qiao, M 2012, 'The exact distance to destination in undirected world', VLDB JOURNAL, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 869-888.
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Shortest distance queries are essential not only in graph analysis and graph mining tasks but also in database applications, when a large graph needs to be dealt with. Such shortest distance queries are frequently issued by end-users or requested as a subroutine in real applications. For intensive queries on large graphs, it is impractical to compute shortest distances on-line from scratch, and impractical to materialize all-pairs shortest distances. In the literature, 2-hop distance labeling is proposed to index the all-pairs shortest distances. It assigns distance labels to vertices in a large graph in a pre-computing step off-line and then answers shortest distance queries on-line by making use of such distance labels, which avoids exhaustively traversing the large graph when answering queries. However, the existing algorithms to generate 2-hop distance labels are not scalable to large graphs. Finding an optimal 2-hop distance labeling is NP-hard, and heuristic algorithms may generate large size distance labels while still needing to pre-compute all-pairs shortest paths. In this paper, we propose a multi-hop distance labeling approach, which generates a subset of the 2-hop distance labels as index off-line. We can compute the multi-hop distance labels efficiently by avoiding pre-computing all-pairs shortest paths. In addition, our multi-hop distance labeling is small in size to be stored. To answer a shortest distance query between two vertices, we first generate the query-specific small set of 2-hop distance labels for the two vertices based on our multi-hop distance labels stored and compute the shortest distance between the two vertices based on the 2-hop distance labels generated on-line. We conducted extensive performance studies on large real graphs and confirmed the efficiency of our multi-hop distance labeling scheme.

Chang, Y-J, Liao, L-D, Lin, C-T, Lai, H-Y, Chen, J-L, Yang, Y-T, Ting, Y-C, Huang, Y-P, Wu, R, Thakor, NV & Chen, Y-Y 2012, 'A Low-Cost Multi-Electrode Array System for the Simultaneous Acquisition of Electrophysiological Signal and Cellular Morphology', Journal of Neuroscience and Neuroengineering, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 131-142.
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This study aimed to develop a low-cost multichannel neural recording system and multi-electrode array (MEA) chip for a number of research laboratories. Because these elaborate systems may be cost-prohibitive for many laboratories, the simple fabrication of the MEA chip and the construction of the low-cost recording system with cellular image acquisition is presented in this study. The MEA chip is a polyimide-based microelectrode array with 60 electrodes (5 μm thick, 30 μm in radius and with 200 μm spacing) and is based on the semiconductor process and advanced microelectro-mechanical system (MEMS) technology. The three-dimensional (3D) structure of the electrodes is fabricated by electroplating, which produces rough textures that increased the effective surface area. The in vitro impedance of the electrodes on the MEA chip is 0.43±0.024 MΩ at 1 kHz, which is sufficiently low for obtaining high-quality neural recordings. A self-built amplifier (79 dB) and filter (100 Hz∼5 kHz) were implemented for signal conditioning. Furthermore, with the help of the National Instruments system and LabVIEW graphic interface, multichannel neural signals and cellular images can be simultaneously acquired using this low-cost neural recording system. With good biocompatibility, a high and stable SNR for neural recording, and a high tolerance for chemical and electrolytic erosion, the laboratory-designed MEA-based recording can serve as a useful device in neuroscience research.

Cheema, MA, Zhang, W, Lin, X & Zhang, Y 2012, 'Efficiently processing snapshot and continuous reverse k nearest neighbors queries', The VLDB Journal, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 703-728.
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Given a set of objects and a query q, a point p is called the reverse k nearest neighbor (RkNN) of q if q is one of the k closest objects of p. In this paper, we introduce the concept of influence zone that is the area such that every point inside this area is the RkNN of q and every point outside this area is not the RkNN. The influence zone has several applications in location-based services, marketing and decision support systems. It can also be used to efficiently process RkNN queries. First, we present efficient algorithm to compute the influence zone. Then, based on the influence zone, we present efficient algorithms to process RkNN queries that significantly outperform existing best-known techniques for both the snapshot and continuous RkNN queries. We also present a detailed theoretical analysis to analyze the area of the influence zone and IO costs of our RkNN processing algorithms. Our experiments demonstrate the accuracy of our theoretical analysis. This paper is an extended version of our previous work (Cheema et al. in Proceedings of ICDE, pp. 577---588, 2011). We make the following new contributions in this extended version: (1) we conduct a rigorous complexity analysis and show that the complexity of one of our proposed algorithms in Cheema et al. (Proceedings of ICDE, pp. 577---588, 2011) can be reduced from O(m 2) to O( km) where m > k is the number of objects used to compute the influence zone, (2) we show that our techniques can be applied to dimensionality higher than two, and (3) we present efficient techniques to handle data updates.

Cheema, MA, Zhang, W, Lin, X, Zhang, Y & Li, X 2012, 'Continuous reverse k nearest neighbors queries in Euclidean space and in spatial networks', The VLDB Journal, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 69-95.
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In this paper, we study the problem of continuous monitoring of reverse k nearest neighbors queries in Euclidean space as well as in spatial networks. Existing techniques are sensitive toward objects and queries movement. For example, the results of a query are to be recomputed whenever the query changes its location. We present a framework for continuous reverse k nearest neighbor (RkNN) queries by assigning each object and query with a safe region such that the expensive recomputation is not required as long as the query and objects remain in their respective safe regions. This significantly improves the computation cost. As a byproduct, our framework also reduces the communication cost in client---server architectures because an object does not report its location to the server unless it leaves its safe region or the server sends a location update request. We also conduct a rigid cost analysis for our Euclidean space RkNN algorithm. We show that our techniques can also be applied to answer bichromatic RkNN queries in Euclidean space as well as in spatial networks. Furthermore, we show that our techniques can be extended for the spatial networks that are represented by directed graphs. The extensive experiments demonstrate that our techniques outperform the existing techniques by an order of magnitude in terms of computation cost and communication cost.

Chekli, L, Phuntsho, S, Shon, HK, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J & Chanan, A 2012, 'A review of draw solutes in forward osmosis process and their use in modern applications', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 43, no. 1-3, pp. 167-184.
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Forward osmosis (FO) is one of the emerging membrane technologies which has gained renewed interest recently as a low energy desalination process. The central to FO process is the draw solution (DS) and the membrane because both play a substantial role o

Chen, F, Ruiz, N, Choi, E, Epps, J, Khawaja, MA, Taib, R, Yin, B & Wang, Y 2012, 'Multimodal behavior and interaction as indicators of cognitive load', ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 1-36.
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High cognitive load arises from complex time and safety-critical tasks, for example, mapping out flight paths, monitoring traffic, or even managing nuclear reactors, causing stress, errors, and lowered performance. Over the last five years, our research has focused on using the multimodal interaction paradigm to detect fluctuations in cognitive load in user behavior during system interaction. Cognitive load variations have been found to impact interactive behavior: by monitoring variations in specific modal input features executed in tasks of varying complexity, we gain an understanding of the communicative changes that occur when cognitive load is high. So far, we have identified specific changes in: speech, namely acoustic, prosodic, and linguistic changes; interactive gesture; and digital pen input, both interactive and freeform. As ground-truth measurements, galvanic skin response, subjective, and performance ratings have been used to verify task complexity. The data suggest that it is feasible to use features extracted from behavioral changes in multiple modal inputs as indices of cognitive load. The speech-based indicators of load, based on data collected from user studies in a variety of domains, have shown considerable promise. Scenarios include single-user and team-based tasks; think-aloud and interactive speech; and single-word, reading, and conversational speech, among others. Pen-based cognitive load indices have also been tested with some success, specifically with pen-gesture, handwriting, and freeform pen input, including diagraming. After examining some of the properties of these measurements, we present a multimodal fusion model, which is illustrated with quantitative examples from a case study. The feasibility of employing user input and behavior patterns as indices of cognitive load is supported by experimental evidence. Moreover, symptomatic cues of cognitive load derived from user ...

Chen, J, Dawkins, H, Ji, Z, Johnston, N, Kribs, D, Shultz, F & Zeng, B 2012, 'Uniqueness of Quantum States Compatible with Given Measurement Results', Phys. Rev. A, vol. 88, no. 1, p. 012109.
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We discuss the uniqueness of quantum states compatible with given results for measuring a set of observables. For a given pure state, we consider two different types of uniqueness: (1) no other pure state is compatible with the same measurement results and (2) no other state, pure or mixed, is compatible with the same measurement results. For case (1), it is known that for a d-dimensional Hilbert space, there exists a set of 4d-5 observables that uniquely determines any pure state. We show that for case (2), 5d-7 observables suffice to uniquely determine any pure state. Thus there is a gap between the results for (1) and (2), and we give some examples to illustrate this. The case of observables corresponding to reduced density matrices (RDMs) of a multipartite system is also discussed, where we improve known bounds on local dimensions for case (2) in which almost all pure states are uniquely determined by their RDMs. We further discuss circumstances where (1) can imply (2). We use convexity of the numerical range of operators to show that when only two observables are measured, (1) always implies (2). More generally, if there is a compact group of symmetries of the state space which has the span of the observables measured as the set of fixed points, then (1) implies (2). We analyze the possible dimensions for the span of such observables. Our results extend naturally to the case of low rank quantum states.

Chen, J, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Wei Lin, Z 2012, 'Transient analysis and control of bias magnetic state in the transformer of on-line pulse-width-modulation switching full bridge direct current-direct current converter', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 111, no. 7, pp. 07E709-07E709.
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This paper presents a finite element analysis (FEA) based method for analyzing and controlling the bias magnetic state of the transformer of a pulse-width-modulation (PWM) switching full bridge dc-dc converter. A field-circuit indirect coupling method for predicting the transient bias magnetic state is introduced first. To increase flexibility of the proposed method, a novel transformer model which can address not only its basic input-output characteristic, but also the nonlinear magnetizing inductance, is proposed. Both the asymmetric characteristic and the variable laws of the current flowing through the two secondary windings during the period of PWM switching-off state are highlighted. Finally, the peak magnetizing current controlled method based on the on-line magnetizing current computation is introduced. Analysis results show that this method can address the magnetic saturation at winding ends, and hence many previous difficulties, such as the start-up process and asymmetry of power electronics, can be easily controlled.

Chen, J, Ji, Z, Kribs, DW, Zeng, B & Zhang, F 2012, 'Minimum Entangling Power is Close to Its Maximum', Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical, vol. 52, no. 21.
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Given a quantum gate $U$ acting on a bipartite quantum system, its maximum (average, minimum) entangling power is the maximum (average, minimum) entanglement generation with respect to certain entanglement measure when the inputs are restricted to be product states. In this paper, we mainly focus on the 'weakest' one, i.e., the minimum entangling power, among all these entangling powers. We show that, by choosing von Neumann entropy of reduced density operator or Schmidt rank as entanglement measure, even the 'weakest' entangling power is generically very close to its maximal possible entanglement generation. In other words, maximum, average and minimum entangling powers are generically close. We then study minimum entangling power with respect to other Lipschitiz-continuous entanglement measures and generalize our results to multipartite quantum systems. As a straightforward application, a random quantum gate will almost surely be an intrinsically fault-tolerant entangling device that will always transform every low-entangled state to near-maximally entangled state.

Chen, J, Ji, Z, Ruskai, MB, Zeng, B & Zhou, D-L 2012, 'Comment on some results of Erdahl and the convex structure of reduced density matrices', JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS, vol. 53, no. 7.
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In J. Math. Phys. 13, 1608-1621 (1972), Erdahl considered the convex structure of the set of $N$-representable 2-body reduced density matrices in the case of fermions. Some of these results have a straightforward extension to the $m$-body setting and to the more general quantum marginal problem. We describe these extensions, but can not resolve a problem in the proof of Erdahl's claim that every extreme point is exposed in finite dimensions. Nevertheless, we can show that when $2m \geq N$ every extreme point of the set of $N$-representable $m$-body reduced density matrices has a unique pre-image in both the symmetric and anti-symmetric setting. Moreover, this extends to the quantum marginal setting for a pair of complementary $m$-body and $(N-m)$-body reduced density matrices.

Chen, L, Xu, D, Tsang, IW & Luo, J 2012, 'Tag-Based Image Retrieval Improved by Augmented Features and Group-Based Refinement', IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 1057-1067.
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In this paper, we propose a new tag-based image retrieval framework to improve the retrieval performance of a group of related personal images captured by the same user within a short period of an event by leveraging millions of training web images and their associated rich textual descriptions. For any given query tag (e.g., car), the inverted file method is employed to automatically determine the relevant training web images that are associated with the query tag and the irrelevant training web images that are not associated with the query tag. Using these relevant and irrelevant web images as positive and negative training data respectively, we propose a new classification method called support vector machine (SVM) with augmented features (AFSVM) to learn an adapted classifier by leveraging the prelearned SVM classifiers of popular tags that are associated with a large number of relevant training web images. Treating the decision values of one group of test photos from AFSVM classifiers as the initial relevance scores, in the subsequent group-based refinement process, we propose to use the Laplacian regularized least squares method to further refine the relevance scores of test photos by utilizing the visual similarity of the images within the group. Based on the refined relevance scores, our proposed framework can be readily applied to tag-based image retrieval for a group of raw consumer photos without any textual descriptions or a group of Flickr photos with noisy tags. Moreover, we propose a new method to better calculate the relevance scores for Flickr photos. Extensive experiments on two datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework

Chen, P, Wong, L & Li, J 2012, 'Detection of Outlier Residues for Improving Interface Prediction in Protein Heterocomplexes', IEEE-ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 1155-1165.
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Sequence-based understanding and identification of protein binding interfaces is a challenging research topic due to the complexity in protein systems and the imbalanced distribution between interface and noninterface residues. This paper presents an out

Chen, X, Gallucci, J, Campana, C, Huang, Z, Lingam, HK, Shore, SG & Zhao, J-C 2012, 'Anti and gauche conformers of an inorganic butane analogue, NH3BH2NH2BH3', Chemical Communications, vol. 48, no. 64, pp. 7943-7943.
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Chen, X, Yang, J, Wu, Q, Zhao, J & He, X 2012, 'Directional high-pass filter for blurry image analysis', Signal Processing: Image Communication, vol. 27, no. 7, pp. 760-771.
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High-frequency energy distributions are important characteristics of blurry images. In this paper, directional high-pass filters are proposed to analyze blurry images. Firstly, we show that the proposed directional high-pass filters can effectively estimate the motion direction of motion blurred images. A closed-form solution for motion direction estimation is derived. It achieves a higher estimation accuracy and is also faster than previous methods. Secondly, the paper suggests two important applications of the directional high-frequency energy analysis. It can be employed to identify out-of-focus blur and motion blur, and to detect motion blurred regions in observed images. Experiments on both synthetic and real blurred images are conducted. Encouraging results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed methods.

Chen, X, Zhang, Y, Wang, Y, Zhou, W, Knight, DA, Yisgedu, TB, Huang, Z, Lingam, HK, Billet, B, Udovic, TJ, Brown, GM, Shore, SG, Wolverton, C & Zhao, J-C 2012, 'Structure determination of an amorphous compound AlB4H11', Chemical Science, vol. 3, no. 11, pp. 3183-3183.
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Chen, Z, Ngo, HH & Guo, W 2012, 'A critical review on sustainability assessment of recycled water schemes', SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, vol. 426, pp. 13-31.
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Recycled water provides a viable opportunity to supplement water supplies as well as alleviate environmental loads. To further expand current schemes and explore new recycled water end uses, this study reviews several environmental assessment tools, incl

Chen, Z, Ngo, HH, Guo, WS, Listowski, A, O'Halloran, K, Thompson, M & Muthukaruppan, M 2012, 'Multi-criteria analysis towards the new end use of recycled water for household laundry: A case study in Sydney', SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, vol. 438, pp. 59-65.
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This paper aims to put forward several management alternatives regarding the application of recycled water for household laundry in Sydney. Based on different recycled water treatment techniques such as microfiltration (MF), granular activated carbon (GAC) or reverse osmosis (RO), and types of washing machines (WMs), five alternatives were proposed as follows: (1) do nothing scenario; (2) MF+existing WMs; (3) MF+newWMs; (4) MFâGAC+existing WMs; and (5) MFâRO+existing WMs. Accordingly, a comprehensive quantitative assessment on the trade-off among a variety of issues (e.g., engineering feasibility, initial cost, energy consumption, supply flexibility and water savings) was performed over the alternatives. This was achieved by a computer-based multi-criteria analysis (MCA) using the rank order weight generation together with preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation (PROMETHEE) outranking techniques. Particularly, the generated 10,000 combinations of weights via Monte Carlo simulation were able to significantly reduce the man-made errors of single fixed set of weights because of its objectivity and high efficiency. To illustrate the methodology, a case study on Rouse Hill Development Area (RHDA), Sydney, Australia was carried out afterwards. The study was concluded by highlighting the feasibility of using highly treated recycled water for existing and new washing machines. This could provide a powerful guidance for sustainable water reuse management in the long term. However, more detailed field trials and investigations are still needed to effectively understand, predict and manage the impact of selected recycled water for new end use alternatives.

Cheng, P, Gui, L, Rui, Y, Guo, YJ, Huang, X & Zhang, W 2012, 'Compressed Sensing Based Channel Estimation for Two-Way Relay Networks', IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 201-204.
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In this letter, a novel channel estimation scheme based on compressed sensing (CS) theory is proposed for two-way relay networks (TWRN) in sparse frequency-selective fading channels. Unlike point-to-point systems, applying CS theory to sparse channel estimation in TWRN is much more challenging since the equivalent channels (terminal-relay-terminal) may be no longer sparse due to the linear convolutional operation. To solve this problem, instead of directly estimating the equivalent channels, a linear precoding based method is designed to firstly separate the individual channels between the terminals and the relay from the equivalent channels. CS theory is then applied to the time-domain channel estimation with much smaller number of pilot symbols. This scheme enables accurate channel estimation for TWRN with significant overhead reduction. Extensive numerical results are provided to substantiate the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2012 IEEE.

Chernin, L, Val, DV & Stewart, MG 2012, 'Prediction of cover crack propagation in RC structures caused by corrosion', Magazine of Concrete Research, vol. 64, no. 2, pp. 95-111.
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The paper proposes a model relating the level of reinforcement corrosion (in terms of loss of rebar radius) with the width of corrosion-induced cracks. The model is developed using a simulation of the process of corrosion-induced crack opening by means of finite-element (FE) modelling. Concrete is treated as a linear elastic material, a vertical crack is introduced above a reinforcing bar and expansive behaviour of corrosion products is modelled using a thermal analogy. Corrosion products are divided into those that penetrate (dissipate) into cracks (no crack propagation) and those that cause crack opening. The amount of corrosion products penetrating into cracks at a specified crack width is evaluated using FE modelling and analyses of experimental results. It was found that a corrosion loss of 0·1–0·4 mm dissipated into the cracks when the crack width was 1·0 mm. The influence of geometric parameters such as rebar diameter, spacing and location, and thickness of top and edge concrete covers were investigated. The limits of applicability of the proposed relationships were established using non-linear FE modelling.

Chiu, T, Gramann, K, Ko, L, Duann, J, Jung, T & Lin, C 2012, 'Alpha modulation in parietal and retrosplenial cortex correlates with navigation performance', Psychophysiology, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 43-55.
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AbstractThe present study investigated the brain dynamics accompanying spatial navigation based on distinct reference frames. Participants preferentially using an allocentric or an egocentric reference frame navigated through virtual tunnels and reported their homing direction at the end of each trial based on their spatial representation of the passage. Task‐related electroencephalographic (EEG) dynamics were analyzed based on independent component analysis (ICA) and subsequent clustering of independent components. Parietal alpha desynchronization during encoding of spatial information predicted homing performance for participants using an egocentric reference frame. In contrast, retrosplenial and occipital alpha desynchronization during retrieval covaried with homing performance of participants using an allocentric reference frame. These results support the assumption of distinct neural networks underlying the computation of distinct reference frames and reveal a direct relationship of alpha modulation in parietal and retrosplenial areas with encoding and retrieval of spatial information for homing behavior.

Chon, K, Cho, J, Shon, HK & Chon, K 2012, 'Advanced characterization of organic foulants of ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis from water reclamation', Desalination, vol. 301, pp. 59-66.
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Organic foulants obtained from ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes of a large scale municipal water reclamation plant were rigorously characterized using conventional and advanced characterization analyses (e.g. pyrolysis and mass spectrometry) in order to identify major constituents of the organic foulants and investigate fouling characteristics in a large scale application of the UF and RO membranes. Although water qualities and characteristics of effluent organic matter in the feed water were slightly changed during the UF membrane, fouling characteristics of the UF and RO membranes used in a large scale municipal water reclamation plant were significantly different according to the type of membranes. Hydrophobic fractions comprising of carboxylic acids and aldehydes strongly contributed to the fouling formation of the UF membrane compared to that of the RO membranes whereas the RO membrane foulants mainly consisted of hydrophilic fractions comprising of amides and alcohols due to the repulsive electrostatic interaction between negatively charged RO membrane surfaces and hydrophobic fractions with a negative charge, indicating that the membrane characteristics could play an important role in the fouling formation of the tested UF and RO membranes.

Chon, K, KyongShon, H & Cho, J 2012, 'Membrane bioreactor and nanofiltration hybrid system for reclamation of municipal wastewater: Removal of nutrients, organic matter and micropollutants', Bioresource Technology, vol. 122, pp. 181-188.
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A membrane bioreactor (MBR) and nanofiltration (NF) hybrid system was investigated to demonstrate the performance of treating nitrogen, phosphorus and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in municipal wastewater. With the MBR and NF (molecular weight cut off (MWCO): 210 Da), the concentration of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) was effectively reduced by nitrification by MBR and negatively charged surface of NF (TN: 8.67 mgN/L and TP: 0.46 mgP/L). Biosorption and microbial decomposition in MBR seem to be major removal mechanisms for the removal of PPCPs. Among various parameters affecting the removal of PPCPs by NF, namely, physicochemical properties of the PPCPs (charge characteristics, hydrophobicity and MW) and membranes (MWCO and surface charge), the MWCO effect was found to be the most critical aspect.

Chotiprayanakul, P, Liu, DK & Dissanayake, G 2012, 'Human-robot-environment interaction interface for robotic grit-blasting of complex steel bridges', AUTOMATION IN CONSTRUCTION, vol. 27, pp. 11-23.
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This paper presents a human-robot-environment interaction (HREI) interface using haptic feedback for a grit-blasting robot operating in close proximity to a complex steel bridge structure. The productivity requirements dictate the need for efficient algorithms for mapping, exploration, and collision-free motion planning. While a large portion of the grit-blasting operation can be automated, a tele-operation is essential to deal with some difficult to access sections such as edges, complex corners, and surfaces which can only be approached through hole. A 3-dimensional virtual force field (3D-VF 2 ) method is developed for capturing the relationship between the robot and its environment. A novel haptic force generation method and a workspace mapping algorithm allow intuitive interaction between the operator and the robot through haptic feedback. The strategies presented are verified in extensive simulations and experiments conducted on a steel bridge with a prototype grit-blasting robot

CHU, D-H, WANG, X-Z, WANG, Z-J & XU, X-F 2012, 'Personalized Requirement Oriented Virtual Service Resource Aggregation Method', Chinese Journal of Computers, vol. 34, no. 12, pp. 2370-2380.
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Personalization and composition are two important features of modern service eco-systems nowadays. A personalized requirements oriented virtual resource aggregation method is proposed in this paper. Service resources are formally described based on multi-dimensioned classification. Personalized requirements from applications are classified, reduced and finally expressed in formal and reusable manners. On this basis, a dynamic pruning based resource aggregation method is presented. The method pays attention to the features of both customer requirements and the organization of service resources. Multiple resources can be dynamically aggregated into coarse-grained virtual resources thus satisfy the requirements rapidly. Experiments show fairly good effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.

Chu, GML, Lu, DDC & Agelidis, VG 2012, 'Flyback-based high step-up converter with reduced power processing stages', IET Power Electronics, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 349-357.
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Chu, GML, Lu, DDC & Agelidis, VG 2012, 'Practical application of valley current mode control in a flyback converter with a large duty cycle', IET Power Electronics, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 552-552.
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Chuang, S-W, Ko, L-W, Lin, Y-P, Huang, R-S, Jung, T-P & Lin, C-T 2012, 'Co-modulatory spectral changes in independent brain processes are correlated with task performance', NeuroImage, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 1469-1477.
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Chun-Wei Seah, Tsang, IW & Yew-Soon Ong 2012, 'Transductive Ordinal Regression', IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, vol. 23, no. 7, pp. 1074-1086.
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Ordinal regression is commonly formulated as a multiclass problem with ordinal constraints. The challenge of designing accurate classifiers for ordinal regression generally increases with the number of classes involved, due to the large number of labeled patterns that are needed. The availability of ordinal class labels, however, is often costly to calibrate or difficult to obtain. Unlabeled patterns, on the other hand, often exist in much greater abundance and are freely available. To take benefits from the abundance of unlabeled patterns, we present a novel transductive learning paradigm for ordinal regression in this paper, namely transductive ordinal regression (TOR). The key challenge of this paper lies in the precise estimation of both the ordinal class label of the unlabeled data and the decision functions of the ordinal classes, simultaneously. The core elements of the proposed TOR include an objective function that caters to several commonly used loss functions casted in transductive settings, for general ordinal regression. A label swapping scheme that facilitates a strictly monotonic decrease in the objective function value is also introduced. Extensive numerical studies on commonly used benchmark datasets including the real-world sentiment prediction problem are then presented to showcase the characteristics and efficacies of the proposed TOR. Further, comparisons to recent state-of-the-art ordinal regression methods demonstrate the introduced transductive learning paradigm for ordinal regression led to the robust and improved performance.

Ciampi, S, Guan, B, Darwish, NA, Zhu, Y, Reece, PJ & Justin Gooding, J 2012, 'A multimodal optical and electrochemical device for monitoring surface reactions: redox active surfaces in porous silicon Rugate filters', Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol. 14, no. 47, pp. 16433-16433.
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Cook, K, Padden, W, Canning, J, Fevrier, S & Li, B 2012, 'Bragg Gratings in the Germanium-Doped Concentric Rings of a Yb3+-Doped Core Solid Photonic Bandgap Fiber', IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 103-106.
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Cook, K, Shao, L-Y & Canning, J 2012, 'Regeneration and helium: regenerating Bragg gratings in helium-loaded germanosilicate optical fibre', OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS, vol. 2, no. 12, pp. 1733-1742.
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Corrêa, MRS, Masia, MJ, Stewart, MG & Heffler, LM 2012, 'An experimental and statistical analysis of the fl exural bond strength of masonry walls', Australian Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 139-148.
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This paper describes an experimental program where full sized clay brick unreinforced masonry walls were constructed by masons with different levels of skills. The flexural bond strength of each joint in each wall was obtained using the bond wrench test. This provided extensive data for a statistical analysis to assess the degree of spatial correlation of that property. The analysis also included a comparison between the fl exural bond strength of joints within the walls and prisms. The study recommended that flexural bond strengths between joints are statistically independent and that the commonly used prisms may not represent adequately the wall. © Institution of Engineers Australia, 2012.

Corrêa, MRS, Masia, MJ, Stewart, MG & Heffler, LM 2012, 'An experimental and statistical analysis of the flexural bond strength for masonry walls', Australian Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 13, no. 2.
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Craig, A, Tran, Y, Wijesuriya, N & Nguyen, H 2012, 'Regional brain wave activity changes associated with fatigue', Psychophysiology, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 574-582.
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Assessing brain wave activity is a viable strategy for monitoring fatigue when performing tasks such as driving, and numerous studies have been conducted in this area. However, results of a systematic review on changes in brain wave activity associated with fatigue have revealed equivocal findings. This study investigated brain wave activity associated with fatigue in 48 nonprofessional healthy drivers as they participated in a simulated driving task until they fatigued. The results showed that as a person fatigues, slow wave activity increased over the entire cortex, in theta and in alpha 1 and 2 bands, while no significant changes were found in delta wave activity. Substantial increases also occurred in fast wave activity, though mostly in frontal sites. The results suggest that as a person fatigues, the brain loses capacity and slows its activity, and that attempts to maintain vigilance levels lead to increased beta activity.

Crowther, CA, Hague, WM, Middleton, PF, Baghurst, PA, McPhee, AJ, Tran, TS, Yelland, LN, Ashwood, P, Han, S, Dodd, JM & Robinson, JS 2012, 'The IDEAL study: investigation of dietary advice and lifestyle for women with borderline gestational diabetes: a randomised controlled trial - study protocol', BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, vol. 12, no. 1.
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Dallo, YAH & Wang, Y 2012, 'Discussion of “Assessing the Potential of Internal Erosion and Suffusion of Granular Soils” by Buddhima Indraratna, Vo Trong Nguyen, and Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 138, no. 6, pp. 772-773.
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Daniel, S 2012, 'Satisficing in survey design', Contemporary Approaches to Research in Mathematics, Science, Health and Environmental Education.

Das Gupta, M, Loganathan, P & Vigneswaran, S 2012, 'Adsorptive Removal of Nitrate and Phosphate from Water by a Purolite Ion Exchange Resin and Hydrous Ferric Oxide Columns in Series', SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 47, no. 12, pp. 1785-1792.
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Elevated concentrations of nitrate and phosphate in surface and ground waters can lead to eutrophication, and nitrate can also cause health hazards to humans. The adsorption process is generally considered to be an efficient technique in removing these ions provided that the adsorbent is highly selective for these ions. Removal of nitrate and phosphate from a synthetic water (50 mg N/L as nitrate, 15 mg P/L as phosphate) and a wastewater (12.9 mg N/L as nitrate, 5.9 mg P/L as phosphate) using a Purolite A500P anion exchange resin and a hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) columns (60 cm height, 2 cm diameter, flow rate 1 m/h) in series containing 1â10% (w/w) of these adsorbents and the remainder anthracite (90â99%) were studied. Data from batch adsorption experiment at various concentrations of adsorbents satisfactorily fitted to Langmuir adsorption isotherm for nitrate and phosphate on Purolite with adsorption maxima of 64 mg N/g and 7 mg P/g and only for phosphate on HFO with adsorption maxima of 14 mg P/g. Both batch and column experiments showed that Purolite selectively removed nitrate and HFO selectively removed phosphate. The Purolite column BTC time was greater for nitrate than for phosphate. At the highest percentage by weight of Purolite almost all nitrate was removed in batch study and up to 1000 min in column study, but it was not able to remove a comparatively high percentage of phosphate. However, when the effluent from the Purolite column was passed through the HFO column almost all phosphate was removed. The two columns when set up in series also removed almost all nitrate and phosphate from the wastewater.

Datta, N, Hsieh, M-H, Wilde, MM & Winter, A 2012, 'Quantum-to-classical rate distortion coding', Journal of Mathematical Physics, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 042201-17.
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We establish a theory of quantum-to-classical rate distortion coding. In this setting, a sender Alice has many copies of a quantum information source. Her goal is to transmit classical information about the source, obtained by performing a measurement on it, to a receiver Bob, up to some specified level of distortion. We derive a single-letter formula for the minimum rate of classical communication needed for this task. We also evaluate this rate in the case in which Bob has some quantum side information about the source. Our results imply that, in general, Alice's best strategy is a non-classical one, in which she performs a collective measurement on successive outputs of the source.

David 2012, 'A New Cooperative Algorithm Based on PSO and K-Means for Data Clustering', Journal of Computer Science, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 188-194.
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de Bock, CE, Ardjmand, A, Molloy, TJ, Bone, SM, Johnstone, D, Campbell, DM, Shipman, KL, Yeadon, TM, Holst, J, Spanevello, MD, Nelmes, G, Catchpoole, DR, Lincz, LF, Boyd, AW, Burns, GF & Thorne, RF 2012, 'The Fat1 cadherin is overexpressed and an independent prognostic factor for survival in paired diagnosis–relapse samples of precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia', Leukemia, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 918-926.
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Improved survival of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has emerged from identifying new prognostic markers; however, 20% of children still suffer recurrence. Previously, the altered expression of Fat1 cadherin has been implicated in a number of solid tumors. In this report, in vitro analysis shows that Fat1 protein is expressed by a range of leukemia cell lines, but not by normal peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) cells from healthy donors. In silico analysis of expression of array data from clinical leukemias found significant levels of Fat1 transcript in 11% of acute myeloid leukemia, 29% and 63% of ALL of B and T lineages, respectively, and little or no transcript present in normal PB or BM. Furthermore, in two independent studies of matched diagnosis-relapse of precursor B-cell (preB) ALL pediatric samples (n32 and n27), the level of Fat1 mRNA expression was prognostic at the time of diagnosis. High Fat1 mRNA expression was predictive of shorter relapse-free and overall survival, independent of other traditional prognostic markers, including white blood cell count, sex and age. The data presented demonstrate that Fat1 expression in preB-ALL has a role in the emergence of relapse and could provide a suitable therapeutic target in high-risk preB-ALL. © 2012 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved.

De La Poype, A-L & Sood, S 2012, 'Public Sphere Dialogue in Online Newspapers and Social Spaces: The Nuclear Debate in Post Fukushima France', Public Communication Review, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 30-47.
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The meltdown at the Japanese Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (March 2011) provided a trigger to contribute this research about the ways in which French newspapers facilitate (or not) a public dialogue on the issue of nuclear energy. Nuclear power not only generates over 75% of the electricity in France but also sustains a healthy domestic job creation program and drives nuclear technology exports. Hence, the absence of public debate amongst the French in nuclear energy over the long term is not surprising. Against this backdrop of French nuclear interests and post Fukushima, this paper presents a French language computer-mediated discourse analysis on nuclear debates and discussions taking place online in the hybrid public sphere. This space straddles user-generated content in the public comment spaces of newspapers embracing the spectrum of political persuasions (Le Figaro, Le Monde and Liberation) and social media. Qualitative and quantitative research methods uncover citizen interactions within the online public sphere comprising newspapers. Findings illuminate the progress of deliberations on nuclear power in online newspapers following a process of agenda setting through news stories, providing space for public dialogue and the digital curating of social media commentary. Furthermore, the research reveals the relevance of the Habermasian public sphere concept within the context of online newspapers. Key learning for the role of the media in fostering the democratic process using social media and insights for the political communications landscape within the context of the nuclear debate compliment the research.

Dear, RD, Burnham, DR, Summers, MD, McGloin, D & Ritchie, GAD 2012, 'Single aerosol trapping with an annular beam: improved particle localisation', Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol. 14, no. 45, pp. 15826-15826.
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Delgado-Ramos, F & Poyatos, JM 2012, 'Discussion of “Assessing the Potential of Internal Erosion and Suffusion of Granular Soils” by Buddhima Indraratna, Vo Trong Nguyen, and Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 138, no. 6, pp. 773-775.
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Deng, W & Goldys, EM 2012, 'Plasmonic Approach to Enhanced Fluorescence for Applications in Biotechnology and the Life Sciences', Langmuir, vol. 28, no. 27, pp. 10152-10163.
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Devitt, SJ, Stephens, AM, Munro, WJ & Nemoto, K 2012, 'Requirements for fault-tolerant factoring on an atom-optics quantum computer', Nature (communications) 4, 2524 (2013), vol. 4.
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Quantum information processing and its associated technologies has reached an interesting and timely stage in their development where many different experiments have been performed establishing the basic building blocks. The challenge moving forward is to scale up to larger sized quantum machines capable of performing tasks not possible today. This raises a number of interesting questions like: How big will these machines need to be? how many resources will they consume? This needs to be urgently addressed. Here we estimate the resources required to execute Shor's factoring algorithm on a distributed atom-optics quantum computer architecture. We determine the runtime and requisite size of the quantum computer as a function of the problem size and physical error rate. Our results suggest that once experimental accuracy reaches levels below the fault-tolerant threshold, further optimisation of computational performance and resources is largely an issue of how the algorithm and circuits are implemented, rather than the physical quantum hardware

Ding, GKC, Ge, JX & Phillips, P 2012, 'Cradle-to-Gate Analysis of Materials Used in Historic and Modern Housing in China', Advanced Materials Research, vol. 374-377, pp. 2029-2036.
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Climate change and energy efficiency are some of the most pressing issues facing China today. With its economic growth since the economic reforms in 1978 the government has struggled to contain environmental damage and social strife related to the economy’s rapid transformation. With the rapid growth in population and urbanization the demand for housings escalated and thus existing houses are under threat of being demolished to make way for new construction. However there was a strong debate that existing houses should be maintained and upgraded instead of demolishing for new development as improvements to energy and water efficiency of existing homes can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and decrease utility bills. This paper aims at reviewing the importance of existing houses and their environmental significance in conservation as opposed to demolition. This paper presents and discusses the preliminary results for the first two stages of a research project undertaken at the University of Technology Sydney to investigate environmental performance of historic housings in Xiao He Zhi Jie in Hangzhou, China.

Dom, NC, Latif, ZA, Ahmad, AH, Ismail, R & Pradhan, B 2012, 'Manifestation of GIS tools for spatial pattern distribution analysis of dengue fever epidemic in the city of Subang Jaya, Malaysia', EnvironmentAsia, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 82-92.
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Dengue has now emerged as one of the major public health problems in Malaysia. It was first reported in 1901 in Penang and since then the disease has become endemic concentrating mostly in urban areas. This study used the temporal-spatial model to determine high risk areas for dengue outbreak by measuring three temporal risk characteristics (i.e. frequency, duration and intensity) in order to define the severity and magnitude of outbreak transmission. This study examined a total of 4,651 confirmed dengue fever cases, geo-coded by address in the city of Subang Jaya between January 2006 and December 2009. The values of the three indices were considered high in a spatial unit when their standard values were positive. Measurement of the three temporal risk indices found that there were areas with significant high value for each of the temporal indices. This suggested that areas within Subang Jaya Municipality had different temporal characteristics for dengue occurrence. The utilization of three risk measures enabled to identify higher-risk areas for the occurrence of dengue fever. Even though case notification data are subjected to bias, this information is available in the health services and can lead to important conclusions, recommendations and hypotheses. As a recommendation, the temporal risk indices can be utilized by public health officials to characterize dengue rather than relying on the traditional case incidence data.

Dong, A & Jupp, J 2012, 'Intelligent decision support and modeling', Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 371-373.
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Doss, R, Zhou, W, Sundaresan, S, Yu, S & Gao, L 2012, 'A minimum disclosure approach to authentication and privacy in RFID systems', Computer Networks, vol. 56, no. 15, pp. 3401-3416.
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Dovey, K & Mooney, G 2012, 'Leadership practices in the generation and deployment of intangible capital resources for innovation', International Journal of Learning and Intellectual Capital, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 295-295.
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This paper explores the practices underpinning an enterprise's ability to generate and deploy intangible capital in support of its strategic intent to innovate. Drawing on two research projects, we focus upon enterprises that are able to innovatively leverage the intangible capital resources that are potentially available to them. Using a phenomenological methodology, one project explores at a high level the social dynamics within 25 medium-sized enterprises noted for their innovative capabilities in Sydney, Australia. The other project explores in finer detail, through an action research methodology, the transformation of stakeholder relationships within another Sydney-based medium-sized enterprise that has become highly innovative over the past five years. Our findings show that the most important forms of intangible capital for innovation are relationship-based and are leveraged through stakeholder collaboration.

Droste, M, Hasselmann, VR & Deuse, J 2012, 'Optimization of in-plant milkrun systems: Development of a parameter-based model to optimize the provision of materials', Productivity Management, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 25-28.
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This paper introduces a parameter-based model which supports the planning and adjustment of an efficient and ergonomic material provision system based on in-plant milkrun. The holistic approach establishes a new methodology in planning and dimensioning of production logistics which integrates elements from consignment, storage, time management and ergonomics into a modeling tool that fulfills the requirements of today's lean production systems. © GITO Verlag.

Du, J, Macfarlane, JC, Pegrum, CM, Zhang, T, Cai, Y & Guo, YJ 2012, 'A self-pumped high-temperature superconducting Josephson mixer: Modelling and measurement', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 111, no. 5, pp. 053910-053910.
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We have recently developed a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) Josephson self-pumped mixer with an on-chip heterodyne local oscillator. The device is based on HTS step-edge junction technology and a “resistive-superconducting quantum interference device” (RSQUID) configuration. The heterodyne local oscillator and mixer output are frequency-tunable from below 10 MHz to 5 GHz by a control current. The performance of the autonomous Josephson mixer–local oscillator has been experimentally evaluated in terms of the current-voltage characteristics, intermediate frequency (IF)-tunable bandwidth, operation range, linearity, bias current, and temperature dependence of the IF output (or mixer conversion efficiency). We find the results are in good overall agreement with numerical simulation.

Du, J, Macfarlane, JC, Zhang, T, Cai, Y & Guo, YJ 2012, 'Self-pumped HTS Josephson heterodyne tunable mixer', Superconductor Science and Technology, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 025019-025019.
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Experimental evaluation of a high-temperature superconducting Josephson heterodyne mixer based on a resistive-SQUID configuration is reported. The device consists of two YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-x step-edge Josephson junctions connected via a small resistor in an otherwise superconducting loop. It has been previously shown to generate a heterodyne oscillation, which is frequency-tunable by a control current through the resistor. Under certain conditions, this device can operate as a frequency-tunable heterodyne mixer (down-converter) in the presence of an RF signal. In this paper, we describe the operation of the autonomous Josephson mixerlocal oscillator device and present the experimental results on the mixer performances in terms of the junction currentvoltage characteristics, the frequency tunability, linearity, and dynamic range as well as their temperature dependence for signal frequencies from 1 to 5GHz. © 2012 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Du, J, Zhang, T, Macfarlane, JC, Guo, YJ & Sun, XW 2012, 'Monolithic high-temperature superconducting heterodyne Josephson frequency down-converter', Applied Physics Letters, vol. 100, no. 26, pp. 262604-262604.
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A monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) frequency down-converter based on a compact high-Tc superconducting (HTS) device is demonstrated. The on-chip integrated HTS down-converter consists of a 7–9 GHz bandpass filter for RF input, a lowpass filter for intermediate frequency output, and a self-pumped Josephson heterodyne mixer. All the above passive and active components are fabricated on a single 10 mm × 20 mm chip of YBa2Cu3O7−x film on MgO substrate. Characterization of this MMIC HTS down-converter in terms of frequency response, conversion gain, frequency-tuneability, bias dependence, dynamic range, linearity, and intrinsic noise are presented in this paper.

Dupuis, F, Szehr, O & Tomamichel, M 2012, 'A decoupling approach to classical data transmission over quantum channels', IEEE Trans. on Inf. Theory, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 1562-1572.
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Most coding theorems in quantum Shannon theory can be proven using the decoupling technique: to send data through a channel, one guarantees that the environment gets no information about it; Uhlmann's theorem then ensures that the receiver must be able to decode. While a wide range of problems can be solved this way, one of the most basic coding problems remains impervious to a direct application of this method: sending classical information through a quantum channel. We will show that this problem can, in fact, be solved using decoupling ideas, specifically by proving a 'dequantizing' theorem, which ensures that the environment is only classically correlated with the sent data. Our techniques naturally yield a generalization of the Holevo-Schumacher-Westmoreland Theorem to the one-shot scenario, where a quantum channel can be applied only once.

Eager, D, Scarrott, C, Nixon, J & Alexander, K 2012, 'Survey of injury sources for a trampoline with equipment hazards designed out', Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, vol. 48, no. 7, pp. 577-581.
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A significantly lower proportion of the injuries caused by falling off or striking the equipment was found for this new design when compared with traditional trampolines both in Australia and in the USA. The age of children being injured on trampolines in Australia was found to be markedly lower than in North America.

Eager, DM & Little, H 2012, 'A new Standard for children's space nets', Journal Institute of Public Works Engineering Australia, vol. April/May, pp. 20-22.

Eastwood, M & Gabrys, B 2012, 'Generalised bottom-up pruning: A model level combination of decision trees', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 39, no. 10, pp. 9150-9158.
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Ekpenyong, UE, Zhang, J & Xia, X 2012, 'An improved robust model for generator maintenance scheduling', Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 92, pp. 29-36.
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El Saliby, I, Okour, Y, Shon, HK, Kandasamy, J, Lee, WE & Kim, J-H 2012, 'TiO2 nanoparticles and nanofibres from TiCl4 flocculated sludge: Characterisation and photocatalytic activity', Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 1033-1038.
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In this study, dye and secondary effluent wastewaters were used to generate a non-hazardous sludge. Anatase TiO2 nanoparticles have been successfully synthesised from the calcination of the TiCl4 flocculated sludge. A conventional hydrothermal method was adopted to produce anatase nanofibres (calcined at 600 8C) from TiO2 nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy investigations showed the highly crystalline nanoparticles and nanofibres after calcination. The size of nanofibres was related to the size of their nanoparticles precursors. Nanoparticles had larger surface area than nanofibres, lower pore volume and bigger pore diameter. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis revealed that impurities can be successfully removed by a subsequent hydrothermal/acid wash of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles had better overall photocatalytic activity for the degradation of organics in synthetic wastewater compared to nanofibres. On the other hand, nanofibres had a better adsorption capacity.

El Saliby, I, Shahid, M, McDonagh, A, Shon, HK & Kim, J-H 2012, 'Photodesorption of organic matter from titanium dioxide particles in aqueous media', Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 1774-1780.
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Photo-induced desorption of organic compounds from TiO2 particles in aqueous media during photocatalysis has promising applications in water treatment. Photodesorption is a relatively fast phenomenon that facilitates the regeneration of photocatalysts with low energy consumption while concentrating the waste products in an energy and water efficient process. We propose that this transport phenomenon involves a significantly reduced affinity between the photocatalyst and pollutants upon UV illumination, and leads to the rapid detachment/decomposition of adsorbed pollutants. In this study, we report the effect of experimental conditions (pH, photocatalyst loading, organic loading, UV light irradiation and flow rate) on this phenomenon in a recirculating photocatalysis continuous reactor. Initially, organic compounds were allowed to adsorb on the surface of the photocatalyst (Degussa P25) until adsorption equilibrium was achieved. The photodesorption phenomenon was observed shortly after UVlight illumination of TiO2 but before the bulk photocatalytic oxidation takes place. The pH of the solution was found to affect both the adsorption and the desorption percentages revealing the role of particle charge on this phenomenon. Additionally, a 1 g/L loading of photocatalyst showed an optimum photodesorption rate using a single strength synthetic wastewater at pH 7.

Ellis, J, Goodswen, S, Kennedy, PJ & Bush, S 2012, 'The Core Mouse Response to Infection by Neospora Caninum Defined by Gene Set Enrichment Analyses', Bioinformatics and Biology Insights, vol. 6, pp. BBI.S9954-BBI.S9954.
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In this study, the BALB/c and Qs mouse responses to infection by the parasite Neospora caninum were investigated in order to identify host response mechanisms. Investigation was done using gene set (enrichment) analyses of microarray data. GSEA, MANOVA, Romer, subGSE and SAM-GS were used to study the contrasts Neospora strain type, Mouse type (BALB/c and Qs) and time post infection (6 hours post infection and 10 days post infection). The analyses show that the major signal in the core mouse response to infection is from time post infection and can be defined by gene ontology terms Protein Kinase Activity, Cell Proliferation and Transcription Initiation. Several terms linked to signaling, morphogenesis, response and fat metabolism were also identified. At 10 days post infection, genes associated with fatty acid metabolism were identified as up regulated in expression. The value of gene set (enrichment) analyses in the analysis of microarray data is discussed.

Ellison, P, Tipper, JL, Jennings, LM & Fisher, J 2012, 'Biological activity of polyethylene wear debris produced in the patellofemoral joint', Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine, vol. 226, no. 5, pp. 377-383.
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Polyethylene wear is considered a threat to the long term survival of total knee replacements. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution that resurfacing the patella makes to wear debris-induced osteolysis following total knee replacement. Ultra-high molecular-weight polyethylene wear particles were isolated from simulator lubricant. Particle shape, size, and volume distributions were recorded allowing the osteolytic potential of the wear debris produced in the patellofemoral joint to be estimated using the concept of specific biological activity and functional biological activity. Values were compared with those reported for the tibiofemoral joint. Specific biological activity for the patellofemoral joint was not significantly different from the values for the tibiofemoral joint of total knee replacement devices, and therefore, has a similar potential to stimulate osteolytic cytokine release from macrophages. Functional biological activity was significantly lower for the patellofemoral joint compared with the tibiofemoral joint. Functional biological activity was significantly lower for the patellofemoral joint compared with the fixed bearing and rotating platform total knee replacement devices. However, as patellar resurfacing is commonly fitted as part of a total knee replacement system, this results in a 20% increase in overall functional biological activity for the system. Therefore, implanting a patellar resurfacing will increase the potential for osteolysis in the knee.

Emmanuel, E, St John, W & Sun, J 2012, 'Relationship between Social Support and Quality of Life in Childbearing Women during the Perinatal Period', Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. E62-E70.
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Engels, B, Jannot, G, Remenyi, J, Simard, MJ & Hutvagner, G 2012, 'Polypyrimidine Tract Binding Protein (hnRNP I) Is Possibly a Conserved Modulator of miRNA-Mediated Gene Regulation', PLoS ONE, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. e33144-e33144.
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MiRNAs can regulate gene expression through versatile mechanisms that result in increased or decreased expression of the targeted mRNA and it could effect the expression of thousands of protein in a particular cell. An increasing body of evidence suggest that miRNAs action can be modulated by proteins that bind to the same 39UTRs that are targeted by miRNAs, suggesting that other factors apart from miRNAs and their target sites determine miRNA-modulation of gene expression. We applied an affinity purification protocol using biotinylated let-7 miRNA inhibitor to isolate proteins that are involved in let-7 mediated gene regulation that resulted in an affinity purification of Polypyrimidine Tract Binding protein (PTB). Here we show that PTB interacts with miRNAs and human Argonaute 2 (hAgo2) through RNA as well as identified potential mammalian cellular targets that are co-regulated by PTB and hAgo2. In addition, using genetic approach, we have demonstrated that PTB genetically interacts with Caenorhabditis elegans let-7 indicating a conserved role for PTB in miRNAmediated gene regulation.

Erfani, SZ, Akhgar, B, Taghvaie, SM & Estiri, F 2012, 'Presenting a Model for Increasing Productivity in Hydropower Plants by Identifying Organizational Complications', Applied Mechanics and Materials, vol. 197, pp. 734-739.
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The present economical conditions on today’s world require specific point of view and policy making in business agencies. In this competitive world to achieve competence, competitive advantages in order to better governance, organizations need to increase their competitive powers through increasing productivity. One of the fundamental approaches to enhance the productivity level is first identifying the organizational complications then finding solution and implementing the solutions. To shed light on recognizing the firm’s complications and recoverable areas in the business agencies the authors were benefited from the concept of critical factors of success and social capital affect on inter-firm relationships then an empirical model by taking advantage of Deming Continue improvement model was presented. In order to verify and validate the performed research the planned model was accomplished in the Iran hydropower plants. Positive and acceptable results were obtained hydropower complications were identified and removed as well, organizations total factors of productivity improved.

Erkmen, RE & Saleh, A 2012, 'Eccentricity effects in the finite element modelling of composite beams', ADVANCES IN ENGINEERING SOFTWARE, vol. 52, pp. 55-59.
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When modelling composite or built up beams using finite element software, analysts find it often convenient to connect two standard EulerâBernoulli beam elements at the nodes by using a rigid bar or use masterâslave type kinematic constraints to express the degrees-of-freedoms of one of the members in terms of the other. However, this type of modelling leads to eccentricity related numerical errors and special solutions that avoid eccentricity related issues may not be available for a design engineer due to the limitations of the software. In this study, a simple correction technique is introduced in the application of masterâslave type constraints. It is shown that the eccentricity related numerical errors in the stiffness matrix can be completely corrected by using extra fictitious elements and springs. The correction terms are obtained by using the exact homogenous solution of the composite beam problem as the interpolation functions which impose the zero-slip constraint between the two components in the point-wise sense. The effects of the eccentricity related errors are demonstrated in numerical examples.

Erkmen, RE, Bradford, MA & Crews, K 2012, 'Variational multiscale approach to enforce perfect bond in multiple-point constraint applications when forming composite beams', COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 617-628.
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Composite laminates that consist of two or more layers find widespread applications in a variety of engineering structures. In the computational modelling of composite laminates, the layers can be stacked together and connected conveniently at the nodes by usingmultiple-point constraints (MPCs). However, this type of modelling leads to weakening of the kinematic constraint conditions imposed by the bond between the juxtaposed layers and as a consequence, MPCs application at the nodes produces behaviour that is softer than the perfectly bonded composite beam behaviour. The work herein shows that when kinematic conditions for composite action are weakly imposed in the variational form, they can be enforced in the point-wise sense by proper selection of the interpolation field or otherwise reinforced by using variational multiscale approach without modifying the kinematic model. The originality of the approach presented herein is in the interpretation of the MPCs application as the solution in a superfluously extended space because of the weakening in the kinematic constraints. It is shown that the perfect bond between the composite beam layers can be recovered by excluding the identified fine-scale effect from the solution of the multiple point constraint application. The convergence characteristic of the finite element formulation is also improved by using the variational multi-scale approach. It is also shown that the fine-scale effects can be represented by using extra fictitious elements and springs, which offers a direct correction technique in modelling of composite beams that is especially useful when access to the numerical procedure is limited.

Estrada, K, Styrkarsdottir, U, Evangelou, E, Hsu, Y-H, Duncan, EL, Ntzani, EE, Oei, L, Albagha, OME, Amin, N, Kemp, JP, Koller, DL, Li, G, Liu, C-T, Minster, RL, Moayyeri, A, Vandenput, L, Willner, D, Xiao, S-M, Yerges-Armstrong, LM, Zheng, H-F, Alonso, N, Eriksson, J, Kammerer, CM, Kaptoge, SK, Leo, PJ, Thorleifsson, G, Wilson, SG, Wilson, JF, Aalto, V, Alen, M, Aragaki, AK, Aspelund, T, Center, JR, Dailiana, Z, Duggan, DJ, Garcia, M, Garcia-Giralt, N, Giroux, S, Hallmans, G, Hocking, LJ, Husted, LB, Jameson, KA, Khusainova, R, Kim, GS, Kooperberg, C, Koromila, T, Kruk, M, Laaksonen, M, Lacroix, AZ, Lee, SH, Leung, PC, Lewis, JR, Masi, L, Mencej-Bedrac, S, Nguyen, TV, Nogues, X, Patel, MS, Prezelj, J, Rose, LM, Scollen, S, Siggeirsdottir, K, Smith, AV, Svensson, O, Trompet, S, Trummer, O, van Schoor, NM, Woo, J, Zhu, K, Balcells, S, Brandi, ML, Buckley, BM, Cheng, S, Christiansen, C, Cooper, C, Dedoussis, G, Ford, I, Frost, M, Goltzman, D, González-Macías, J, Kähönen, M, Karlsson, M, Khusnutdinova, E, Koh, J-M, Kollia, P, Langdahl, BL, Leslie, WD, Lips, P, Ljunggren, Ö, Lorenc, RS, Marc, J, Mellström, D, Obermayer-Pietsch, B, Olmos, JM, Pettersson-Kymmer, U, Reid, DM, Riancho, JA, Ridker, PM, Rousseau, F, lagboom, PES, Tang, NLS, Urreizti, R, Van Hul, W, Viikari, J, Zarrabeitia, MT, Aulchenko, YS, Castano-Betancourt, M, Grundberg, E, Herrera, L, Ingvarsson, T, Johannsdottir, H, Kwan, T, Li, R, Luben, R, Medina-Gómez, C, Th Palsson, S, Reppe, S, Rotter, JI, Sigurdsson, G, van Meurs, JBJ, Verlaan, D, Williams, FMK, Wood, AR, Zhou, Y, Gautvik, KM, Pastinen, T, Raychaudhuri, S, Cauley, JA, Chasman, DI, Clark, GR, Cummings, SR, Danoy, P, Dennison, EM, Eastell, R, Eisman, JA, Gudnason, V, Hofman, A, Jackson, RD, Jones, G, Jukema, JW, Khaw, K-T, Lehtimäki, T, Liu, Y, Lorentzon, M, McCloskey, E, Mitchell, BD, Nandakumar, K, Nicholson, GC, Oostra, BA, Peacock, M, Pols, HAP, Prince, RL, Raitakari, O, Reid, IR, Robbins, J, Sambrook, PN, Sham, PC, Shuldiner, AR, Tylavsky, FA, van Duijn, CM, Wareham, NJ, Cupples, LA, Econs, MJ, Evans, DM, Harris, TB, Kung, AWC, Psaty, BM, Reeve, J, Spector, TD, Streeten, EA, Zillikens, MC, Thorsteinsdottir, U, Ohlsson, C, Karasik, D, Richards, JB, Brown, MA, Stefansson, K, Uitterlinden, AG, Ralston, SH, Ioannidis, JPA, Kiel, DP & Rivadeneira, F 2012, 'Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 56 bone mineral density loci and reveals 14 loci associated with risk of fracture', Nature Genetics, vol. 44, no. 5, pp. 491-501.
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Bone mineral density (BMD) is the most widely used predictor of fracture risk. We performed the largest meta-analysis to date on lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD, including 17 genome-wide association studies and 32,961 individuals of European and east Asian ancestry. We tested the top BMD-associated markers for replication in 50,933 independent subjects and for association with risk of low-trauma fracture in 31,016 individuals with a history of fracture (cases) and 102,444 controls. We identified 56 loci (32 new) associated with BMD at genome-wide significance (P < 5 x 10(-8)). Several of these factors cluster within the RANK-RANKL-OPG, mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, endochondral ossification and Wnt signaling pathways. However, we also discovered loci that were localized to genes not known to have a role in bone biology. Fourteen BMD-associated loci were also associated with fracture risk (P < 5 x 10(-4), Bonferroni corrected), of which six reached P < 5 x 10(-8), including at 18p11.21 (FAM210A), 7q21.3 (SLC25A13), 11q13.2 (LRP5), 4q22.1 (MEPE), 2p16.2 (SPTBN1) and 10q21.1 (DKK1). These findings shed light on the genetic architecture and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying BMD variation and fracture susceptibility.

Faber, JP & van den Hoven, E 2012, 'MARBOWL: increasing the fun experience of shooting marbles', PERSONAL AND UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 391-404.
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This paper focuses on the old school game of shooting marbles. We investigate which aspects of this tangible game make it popular and show how experienced fun can increase by elaborating such aspects through an iterative design process. A questionnaire and field study, tailored to the user group of primary school children aged 9-12 years old, revealed that aspects within areas of physical control, surface of the playground, opponent, and stakes of the game had the biggest influence on the fun experience of shooting marbles. A gameflow model and fun toolkit were used to improve the game in these respective areas. This resulted in a moving marble hole entitled Marbowl: a tangible marble game that augments existing game aspects such as timing, distance, surface, and other physical and environmental influences. A working prototype was field tested with 24 children at a primary school. Results show that different gameflow areas like concentration needed, playability, difficulty to win the game, and amount of challenge, increased in a positive way. Together these findings concluded that compared with the original marble game, children experienced a higher level of fun while playing with Marbowl.

Fallah, N & Mousavi, M 2012, 'An inverse approach for the calculation of flexibility coefficient of open-side cracks in beam type structures', Structural Engineering and Mechanics, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 285-297.
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Fatahi, B, Basack, S, Premananda, S & Khabbaz, H 2012, 'Settlement prediction and back analysis of Young's modulus and dilation angle of stone columns', Australian Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 67-78.
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Ground improvement using stone columns is one of the most suitable methods for deformation control of soft soils. The use of stone columns can improve the bearing capacity, reduce settlement, accelerate consolidation process and enhance slope stability as well as resistance to liquefaction. Settlement prediction of the ground infl uenced by the large stiffness difference between the columns and the surrounding soil and the induced arching is discussed in this paper. Plate load test is one of the common methods to be used for quality control of stone column reinforced ground. The test results can be used to back calculate some of the design parameters of the stone column. A finite element based procedure to estimate the Youngâs modulus and dilation angle of stone column material using plate load test results is proposed. The employed fi nite element model is axisymmetric and suitable for a cylindrical stone column. The field measurements after calibration have been in good agreement with numerical results for predicting deformations. The procedure developed in this study can be adopted by practicing engineers to estimate the Young' modulus and dilation angle of stone columns by conducting a plate load test.

Fatahi, B, Khabbaz, H & Fatahi, B 2012, 'Mechanical characteristics of soft clay treated with fibre and cement', GEOSYNTHETICS INTERNATIONAL, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 252-262.
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In this study, the influence of three types of fibre; polypropylene, recycled carpet and steel, on the mechanical properties of cement-treated clay is investigated. Cement-treated clay specimens were prepared with cement contents of 5%, 10% and 15% by weight of dry soil, and cured for 14 days. To investigate and understand the influence of different fibre types and contents, three different percentages of fibre content were adopted. The results of unconfined compression tests on 90 cylindrical samples of cement-treated clay with varied cement and fibre contents are analysed to discern the relationships between these parameters and the key mechanical properties, including unconfined compressive strength and stiffness of treated soil. Furthermore, indirect tension test results of a further 90 treated soil samples have been used to determine the influence of fibre and cement content on the tensile strength of the treated soil. The fibre reinforcement increases the peak compressive strength. The addition of fibres increases the residual strength and changes the brittle behaviour of the cement-treated clay to that of a more ductile material. The tensile strength of the cement-treated clay is increased by adding carpet and steel fibres, but small quantities of polypropylene fibres do not influence the tensile strength.

Fatahi, B, Le, TM & Khabbaz, H 2012, 'Effects of initial stress state on performance of embankments on soft soils', Australian Geomechanics Journal, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 77-88.
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Analysing the behaviour of soft soil under embankment loads is a challenging task for geotechnical engineers. This numerical study revisits the case study of an embankment constructed on Boston Blue Clay, considering the model incorporating the influence of soil creep on the ground lateral deformation and pore water pressure. Then a numerical parametric study is conducted to investigate the influence of the lateral earth pressure coefficient at rest (K0) calculated based on the different available correlations on the vertical and horizontal displacements, pore water pressures, and the factor of safety of the embankment. The results indicate that although the value of Ko influences the predicted horizontal and vertical displacements notably, it has minor effects on the predicted pore water pressures. The lateral earth pressure coefficient influences the long term stability of the embankment and thus the effects of the initial stress field on the stability of embankments should be taken into consideration, while assessing the performance of embankments constructed on soft soils. It is recommended to determine the in situ horizontal stresses using accurate methods such as self-boring pressuremeter to predict the behaviour of embankments on the soft ground precisely.

Feng, Y, Duan, R & Ying, M 2012, 'Bisimulation for Quantum Processes', ACM TRANSACTIONS ON PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES AND SYSTEMS, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 1-43.
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Quantum cryptographic systems have been commercially available, with a striking advantage over classical systems that their security and ability to detect the presence of eavesdropping are provable based on the principles of quantum mechanics. On the oth

Feng, Y, Xiao, J, Zha, Z-J, Zhang, H & Yang, Y 2012, 'Active learning for social image retrieval using Locally Regressive Optimal Design.', Neurocomputing, vol. 95, pp. 54-59.
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Ferguson, S, Beilharz, K & Calò, CA 2012, 'Navigation of interactive sonifications and visualisations of time-series data using multi-touch computing', Journal on Multimodal User Interfaces, vol. 5, no. 3-4, pp. 97-109.
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This paper discusses interaction design for inter- active sonification and visualisation of data in multi-touch contexts. Interaction design for data analysis is becoming increasingly important as data becomes more openly avail- able. We discuss how navigation issues such as zooming, se- lection, arrangement and playback of data relate to both the auditory and visual modality in different ways, and how they may be linked through the modality of touch and gestural in- teraction. For this purpose we introduce a user interface for exploring and interacting with representations of time-series data simultaneously in both the visual and auditory modali- ties.

Fisher, J, Al Hajjar, M, Williams, S, Tipper, J, Ingham, E & Jennings, L 2012, '(v) Simulation and measurement of wear in metal-on-metal bearings in vitro- understanding the reasons for increased wear', Orthopaedics and Trauma, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 253-258.
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A new Stratified Approach For Enhanced Reliability (SAFER) pre-clinical simulation testing of joint prostheses has been described in a preceding paper in this volume. The application of SAFER in vitro simulation and testing to metal-on-metal bearings is described in this review paper. The review aims to provide further understanding of the reasons for, and causes of, increased wear in metal-on-metal hips in a proportion of patients. Variation in positioning (mal-positioning) of the head and cup in hip prostheses results in the head contacting the rim of the cup and producing increased wear. Variation in both translational and rotational positioning has been investigated. Variation in translational positioning of the centres of the head and cup, which is not detected on radiographs, is a frequent occurrence clinically and can result in a substantial increase in wear rate. The variation in translational positioning acts synergistically with variation in rotational positioning to produce substantial increases in wear. These recent findings are consistent with the wear mechanisms and formation of stripe wear reported for ceramic-on-ceramic bearings over a decade ago, and provide insight into the reasons for the variation and increases in the wear rate found clinically in metal-on-metal hips in specific patients, which may cause premature failure. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

Foroughi, J, Kimiaghalam, B, Ghorbani, SR, Safaei, F & Abolhasan, M 2012, 'Effect of conducting polypyrrole on the transport properties of carbon nanotube yarn', THIN SOLID FILMS, vol. 520, no. 24, pp. 7049-7053.
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Experiments were conducted to measure the electrical conductivity in three types of pristine and carbon nanotube-polypyrrole (CNT-PPy) composite yarns and its dependence on over a wide temperature range. The experimental results fit well with the analyti

François, R, Khan, I, Vu, NA, Mercado, H & Castel, A 2012, 'Study of the impact of localised cracks on the corrosion mechanism', European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, vol. 16, no. 3-4, pp. 392-401.
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Fu, Q, Ren, JM & Qiao, GG 2012, 'Synthesis of novel cylindrical bottlebrush polypseudorotaxane via inclusion complexation of high density poly(ε-caprolactone) bottlebrush polymer and α-cyclodextrins', Polym. Chem., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 343-351.
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Fu, Q, Ren, JM, Tan, S, Xu, J & Qiao, GG 2012, 'Synthesis of Novel Core Cross-Linked Star-Based Polyrotaxane End-Capped via “CuAAC” Click Chemistry', Macromolecular Rapid Communications, vol. 33, no. 24, pp. 2109-2114.
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Fu, WN, Ho, SL, Niu, S & Zhu, J 2012, 'Comparison Study of Finite Element Methods to Deal With Floating Conductors in Electric Field', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 351-354.
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In transient magnetic field computation, it is highly desirable if the stray capacitances among all conductors can be computed and their effects addressed conveniently. Because of the existence of floating conductors, the general finite element (FE) solv

Fujioka, T, Khan, SJ, Poussade, Y, Drewes, JE & Nghiem, LD 2012, 'N-nitrosamine removal by reverse osmosis for indirect potable water reuse – A critical review based on observations from laboratory-, pilot- and full-scale studies', Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 98, pp. 503-515.
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Fujioka, T, Nghiem, LD, Khan, SJ, McDonald, JA, Poussade, Y & Drewes, JE 2012, 'Effects of feed solution characteristics on the rejection of N-nitrosamines by reverse osmosis membranes', Journal of Membrane Science, vol. 409-410, pp. 66-74.
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Fukumoto, T, Thomas, PS, Stuart, BH, Simon, P, Adam, G, Shimmon, R & Guerbois, J-P 2012, 'Estimation of the storage life of dimethylol urea using non-isothermal accelerated testing', JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY, vol. 108, no. 2, pp. 439-443.
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Gandomi, AH & Alavi, AH 2012, 'A new multi-gene genetic programming approach to nonlinear system modeling. Part I: materials and structural engineering problems', Neural Computing and Applications, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 171-187.
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Gandomi, AH & Alavi, AH 2012, 'A new multi-gene genetic programming approach to non-linear system modeling. Part II: geotechnical and earthquake engineering problems', Neural Computing and Applications, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 189-201.
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Gandomi, AH & Alavi, AH 2012, 'Krill herd: A new bio-inspired optimization algorithm', Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, vol. 17, no. 12, pp. 4831-4845.
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Gandomi, AH & Yang, X-S 2012, 'Evolutionary boundary constraint handling scheme', Neural Computing and Applications, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 1449-1462.
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Gandomi, AH, Babanajad, SK, Alavi, AH & Farnam, Y 2012, 'Novel Approach to Strength Modeling of Concrete under Triaxial Compression', Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, vol. 24, no. 9, pp. 1132-1143.
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Gandomi, AH, Yang, X-S, Talatahari, S & Deb, S 2012, 'Coupled eagle strategy and differential evolution for unconstrained and constrained global optimization', Computers & Mathematics with Applications, vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 191-200.
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Gao, L, Li, M, Bonti, A, Zhou, W & Yu, S 2012, 'M-Dimension: Multi-characteristics based routing protocol in human associated delay-tolerant networks with improved performance over one dimensional classic models', Journal of Network and Computer Applications, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 1285-1296.
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Gao, X, Wei, D & Jiang, Z 2012, 'Analysis of Temperature Field in Liquid-Solid Bimetal Casting of Laminated Metal Composite', Advanced Science Letters, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 48-52.
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In order to improve the low toughness and poor crack resistance of high chromium cast iron (HCCI), the laminated metal composite (LMC) consisting of HCCI and carbon steel has received increasingly attentions in modern industries. Considering that the controllable temperature field at interface of LMC is a key issue in liquid-solid bimetal casting process, a three layered finite element method (FEM) model has been proposed. The influence of parameters including pouring temperature - T pour, preheating temperature - T pre and effective volume ratio - VR e on temperature field are discussed. Simulation results show that the temperature at the interface between two dissimilar metals increases with increasing the value of T pour, T pre or VR e. Through the adjustment of processing parameters, the contact surface of solid metal can be heated up to mushy state, and then form a thin transient mushy layer. The prefect metallurgical bonding can be achieved by adopting the optimized parameters in bimetal casting process. © 2012 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved.

Garcia-Vigueras, M, Gomez-Tornero, JL, Goussetis, G, Weily, AR & Guo, YJ 2012, 'Efficient Synthesis of 1-D Fabry–Perot Antennas With Low Sidelobe Levels', IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 11, pp. 869-872.
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A novel technique for the efficient synthesis of one-dimensional (1-D) Fabry-Perot leaky-wave antennas with low sidelobe levels is described. It is based on the study of the reflection characteristics presented by the two periodic surfaces that form the cavity. The synthesis technique avoids the search for modal solutions in the complex plane, which is typically needed to characterize the dispersion of the leaky modes associated with the antenna geometry. Instead, it involves the solution of two simple equations, so that the desired aperture distribution (amplitude and phase) can be directly synthesized. Numerical and experimental results show that the method can be used to efficiently synthesize 1-D Fabry-Perot low sidelobe leaky-wave antennas for any desired scanning angle. © 2002-2011 IEEE.

Ge, Y, Esselle, KP & Bird, TS 2012, 'The Use of Simple Thin Partially Reflective Surfaces With Positive Reflection Phase Gradients to Design Wideband, Low-Profile EBG Resonator Antennas', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 743-750.
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Geng, X, Indraratna, B & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2012, 'Analytical Solutions for a Single Vertical Drain with Vacuum and Time-Dependent Surcharge Preloading in Membrane and Membraneless Systems', International Journal of Geomechanics, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 27-42.
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Gentile, C, Muise-Helmericks, R & Drake, CJ 2012, 'Abstract 237: VEGF-Mediated Phosphorylation of eNOS Regulates Angioblast and Endothelial Cell Proliferation', Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, vol. 32, no. suppl_1.
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To evaluate when nitric oxide (NO) is first expressed in the EC lineage, the expression pattern of eNOS, phosphorylated eNOS (P-eNOS), and key proteins that define the endothelial lineage (i.e., Flk-1, TAL-1, CD31) were assessed in 7.0-8.5dpc mouse embryos. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that embryonic endothelial cells (Flk-1 + /TAL-1 + / CD31 + ) expressed eNOS prior to their investment by smooth muscle cells while isolated angioblasts (Flk-1 + /TAL-1 + / CD31 - ) did not express eNOS. Based on eNOS expression we identified a cell type, transitional angioblasts ( eNOS + / FLK-1 + /TAL-1 + / CD31 - ), intermediate between embryonic endothelial cells (EECs) and angioblasts. Transitional angioblasts are further distinguished from angioblasts by their initiation of cell-cell contacts with other eNOS + Flk-1 + /TAL-1 + /CD31 - cells or with EECs. Analysis of P-eNOS and phospho-histone H3 expression in transitional angioblasts and EECs showed a tight correlation between P-eNOS expression and cell proliferation. This correlation was also observed in cult...

Gerold, B, Glynne-Jones, P, McDougall, C, McGloin, D, Cochran, S, Melzer, A & Prentice, P 2012, 'Directed jetting from collapsing cavities exposed to focused ultrasound', Applied Physics Letters, vol. 100, no. 2, pp. 024104-024104.
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We demonstrate directed jetting from pulsed laser-induced cavities subjected to a burst of focused ultrasound. Alignment of the ultrasound focus and the pressure amplitudes in the vicinity of the cavity dictate the direction and length of the resulting jet, respectively. We interpret our observations in terms of radiation forces exerted on the cavity, due to the pressure gradient introduced to the ultrasound focus by its presence. We support our hypothesis with a linear analysis of the force distribution across the cavity surface, at the moment of maximum inflation, which shows reasonable predictive agreement with the observed jet characteristics.

Ghandeharioon, A, Indraratna, B & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2012, 'Laboratory and Finite-Element Investigation of Soil Disturbance Associated with the Installation of Mandrel-Driven Prefabricated Vertical Drains', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 138, no. 3, pp. 295-308.
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Golsteijn, C & van den Hoven, E 2012, 'Cueb', interactions, vol. Mar/Apr, pp. 9-9.
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Cueb is a set of interactive photo cubes that aims to encourage parents and teenagers to explore digital photos of their individual and shared experiences, reminisce, and exchange stories. Family members each have their own cube with photos of their individual experiences. Shaking a cube will randomly display photos on six sides. Connecting cubes by holding them together will display photos of the family membersâ shared experiences. Photos can be transferred between cubes and locked for use as a selection filter to find related photos. This generates surprising photo results and allows parents and teenagers to compare their experiences.

Goodswen, SJ, Kennedy, PJ & Ellis, JT 2012, 'Evaluating High-Throughput Ab Initio Gene Finders to Discover Proteins Encoded in Eukaryotic Pathogen Genomes Missed by Laboratory Techniques', PLOS ONE, vol. 7, no. 11.
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Granade, CE, Ferrie, C, Wiebe, N & Cory, DG 2012, 'Robust online Hamiltonian learning', New Journal of Physics, vol. 14, no. 10, pp. 103013-103013.
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Grant, M & Stewart, MG 2012, 'A systems model for probabilistic risk assessment of improvised explosive device attacks', International Journal of Intelligent Defence Support Systems, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 75-75.
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Guo, W, Ngo, H-H & Li, J 2012, 'A mini-review on membrane fouling', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 122, no. 1, pp. 27-34.
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During the last decades, the interest of using membrane technology has emerged in wastewater treatment as well as drinking water and process water production. However, the impediment of the membrane technology is the fouling problem and consequently higher operating and membrane replacement cost. Hence, better understanding of membrane fouling is not only the key to solve the problems, but also is one of the main factors driving membrane technology forward. This mini-review paper identifies the major foulants and the principal membrane fouling mechanisms such as pore blocking, cake formation, concentration polarization, organic adsorption, inorganic precipitation and biological fouling. It also gives a holistic review about different fouling phenomena during the application of membrane separation technologies in water and wastewater treatment, with specific references to various problems, membranes, treatment processes and its practical applications.

Guo, YJ, Xiaojing Huang & Dyadyuk, V 2012, 'A Hybrid Adaptive Antenna Array for Long-Range mm-Wave Communications [Antenna Applications Corner]', IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 271-282.
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Owing to the availability of wide (GHz) bandwidth at mm-wave frequencies, there is growing interest in high-speed mm-wave communications systems. However, the limited physical size and volume of the antenna and RF system do pose several major challenges. This article presents CSIRO’s research on hybrid adaptive antenna arrays and associated digital-beamforming algorithms for achieving high-speed long-range communications in the millimeter-wave frequency bands. The hybrid antenna array consists of a number of analog subarrays, followed by a digital beamformer. Two subarray configurations - the interleaved subarray and the side-by-side subarray - are described. The adaptive angle-of-arrival (AoA) estimation and beamforming algorithms in both the time and frequency domains are discussed. The performance of the system was evaluated by simulations. An early stage proof-of-concept adaptive antenna array prototype in the 71 to 76 GHz E band is presented. © 2011 IEEE.

Guo, Z, Zhao, W, Lu, H & Wang, J 2012, 'Multi-step forecasting for wind speed using a modified EMD-based artificial neural network model', Renewable Energy, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 241-249.
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In this paper, a modified EMD-FNN model (empirical mode decomposition (EMD) based feed-forward neural network (FNN) ensemble learning paradigm) is proposed for wind speed forecasting. The nonlinear and non-stationary original wind speed series is first decomposed into a finite and often small number of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and one residual series using EMD technique for a deep insight into the data structure. Then these sub-series except the high frequency are forecasted respectively by FNN whose input variables are selected by using partial autocorrelation function (PACF). Finally, the prediction results of the modeled IMFs and residual series are summed to formulate an ensemble forecast for the original wind speed series. Further more, the developed model shows the best accuracy comparing with basic FNN and unmodified EMD-based FNN through multi-step forecasting the mean monthly and daily wind speed in Zhangye of China.

Gupta, K, Gulen, F, Sun, L, Aguilera, R, Chakrabarti, A, Kiselar, J, Agarwal, MK & Wald, DN 2012, 'GSK3 is a regulator of RAR-mediated differentiation', Leukemia, vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 1277-1285.
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Guzman-Quiros, R, Gomez-Tornero, JL, Weily, AR & Guo, YJ 2012, 'Electronic Full-Space Scanning With 1-D Fabry–Pérot LWA Using Electromagnetic Band-Gap', IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 11, pp. 1426-1429.
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A novel mechanism to obtain full-space electronic scanning from a half-space scanning one-dimensional (1-D) Fabry-Pérot (FP) leaky-wave antenna (LWA) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated in this letter. By using a central feed that divides the structure into two independently controlled leaky lines, one each side, and making use of the electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) region of the FP resonator, the antenna can be electronically tuned to operate in three different regimes: backward scanning, forward scanning, and broadside radiation. Leaky-mode dispersion theory and experimental results of a fabricated prototype demonstrate a continuous electronic scanning from-25° to +25° at 5.5 GHz. © 2011 IEEE.

Guzman-Quiros, R, Gomez-Tornero, JL, Weily, AR & Guo, YJ 2012, 'Electronically Steerable 1-D Fabry-Perot Leaky-Wave Antenna Employing a Tunable High Impedance Surface', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 60, no. 11, pp. 5046-5055.
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© 2012 IEEE. A novel fixed-frequency electronically-steerable one-dimensional (1-D) leaky-wave antenna is presented. The antenna is based on a parallel-plate waveguide loaded with a planar partially reflective surface and a tunable high impedance surface (HIS), which creates a 1-D Fabry-Perot leaky-waveguide. The tunable HIS consists of printed patches loaded with varactor diodes that allow the electronic tuning of the cavity resonance condition. Using a simple Transverse Equivalent Network, it is theoretically shown how the variation of the varactors’ junction capacitance allows the scanning of the antenna pointing angle from broadside towards the endfire direction at a fixed frequency. Experimental results of an antenna prototype operating at 5.6 GHz are reported, demonstrating that the new reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna can provide electronic beam scanning in an angular range from 9° to 30°.

Ha, Q 2012, 'Data acquisition, monitoring and control for hybrid solar air-conditioners', Gerontechnology, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 314-314.
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Research challenges arising from solar-assisted air conditioning of buildings2 are addressed here through a multi-stage project on the development of a sensor-rich hybrid solar air-conditioner (HSAC) system that is free from any biological threats, user-friendly, environmentally-safe and having a high coefficient of performance.

Ha, QP & Vakiloroaya, V 2012, 'A novel solar-assisted air-conditioner system for energy savings with performance enhancement', INTERNATIONAL ENERGY CONGRESS 2012, vol. 49, pp. 116-123.
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This paper presents an effective technique to enhance the performance of a newly-developed direct expansion air conditioner when combining with a vacuum solar collector that is installed after the compressor. In this approach, a novel configuration including a by-pass line together with a three way proportional control valve is proposed in discharge line after the compressor in order to control the refrigerant flow rate. In this design, the refrigerant flow rate is controlled as a function of the refrigerant temperature leaving the compressor, the refrigerant temperature leaving the solar storage tank and the ambient dry-bulb temperature. A generalized optimization algorithm is developed using sequential quadratic programming (SQR) along with a proposed empirical model for the objective function. The key challenge is to estimate the optimum refrigerant temperature entering the condenser in the new design. The optimization algorithm is simulated in a transient simulation tool to predict the optimum set-points of refrigerant temperature entering the condenser, and then implemented as a reference for an on-line closed-loop controller. The system under investigation is extensively equipped with a number of instrumentation devices for data logging. The benefits of the new design lie in the fact that the new designed system operates at a higher subcool temperature after the air-cooled condenser which significantly result in increasing the overall system coefficient of performance.

Ha, QP, Yu, YH & Quang, NK 2012, 'FPGA-based cooperative control of indoor multiple robots', International Journal of Advanced Mechatronic Systems, vol. 4, no. 5/6, pp. 248-248.
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Cooperative control of a group of mobile robots remains a challenging topic in robotics. In the emerging trend of ubiquitous robotics, real-time control using vision-based surveillance strategies requires embedded systems with limited computational performance and energy saving. In this paper, a control-system-on-chip architecture is developed for coordination of control of an indoor robotic formation by using a field programmable gate array (FPGA) chip. The prototype features capabilities of colour-based motion object tracking, inter-robot distance estimation, trajectory estimation, velocity control, formation initialisation and maintenance. All algorithms are implemented in pure register-transfer and gate-level circuits with localisation from a global monocular camera. Experiment results are included for miniature robots deployed in a line formation. The FPGAâs resource usage and power consumption are analysed to show efficiency of the proposed approach.

Hai, FI, Modin, O, Yamamoto, K, Fukushi, K, Nakajima, F & Nghiem, LD 2012, 'Pesticide removal by a mixed culture of bacteria and white-rot fungi', Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 459-462.
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Haidar, G, Ghassempour, S & Braun, R 2012, 'Nature-Inspired Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks', Australian Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 327-334.
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Haidar, G, Ghassempour, S & Braun, R 2012, 'Nature-inspired routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks', Australian Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 327-334.
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This paper reports on a project to investigate, build upon and test a relatively new routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks. The algorithm is based on the behaviour of ants in nature. It attempts to address the need for an energy-efficient routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks. This journal article briefly discusses the algorithmâs design, including the algorithm outline and relevant data structures and formulae. The article proceeds to discuss the testing procedure and test results for the algorithm. Finally, a conclusion summarising findings and recommendations for future work is included.

Hamedanimojarrad, P, Adam, G, Ray, A, Thomas, P & Vessalas, K 2012, 'Development of shrinkage resistant microfibre-reinforced cement-based composites', Open Engineering, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 289-295.
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AbstractDifferent shrinkage types may cause serious durability dilemma on restrained concrete parts due to crack formation and propagation. Several classes of fibres are used by concrete industry in order to reduce crack size and crack number. In previous studies, most of these fibre types were found to be effective in reducing the number and sizes of the cracks, but not in shrinkage strain reduction. This study deals with the influence of a newly introduced type of polyethylene fibre on drying shrinkage reduction. The novel fibre is a polyethylene microfibre in a new geometry, which is proved to reduce the amount of total shrinkage in mortars. This special hydrophobic polyethylene microfibre also reduces moisture loss of mortar samples. The experimental results on short and long-term drying shrinkage as well as on several other properties are reported. The hydrophobic polyethylene microfibre showed promising improvement in shrinkage reduction even at very low concentrations (0.1% of cement weight).

Hamedanimojarrad, P, Galea, N, Ray, AS, Adam, G, Vessalas, K & Thomas, P 2012, 'New mechanisms for drying shrinkage compensation in cementitious materials', Concrete in Australia, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 33-38.
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There are several materials and methods which have been designed and used for reduction or compensation of drying shrinkage deformations in cementitious materials, in both industry and research . Typical strategies currently used in industry for overcoming drying shrinkage include introduction of expansive agents; use of shrinkage reducing admixtures (SRA) and fibres as components of mixtures; cement modification; and, taking advantage of internal curing (Kovler & Zhutovsky, 2006).

Han, L, Fu, C, Zou, D, Lee, C & Jia, W 2012, 'Task-based behavior detection of illegal codes', Mathematical and Computer Modelling, vol. 55, no. 1-2, pp. 80-86.
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Detecting unseen illegal codes is always a challenging task. As the main action to deal with this problem, the behavior detection is unsatisfactory in both effectiveness and efficiency. This paper proposes task-based behavior detection (TBBD) which detects new illegal codes based on the userâs task instead of only on the software behavior. First, the paper proposes three prerequisites of TBBD and four judgment rules, i.e., resource abnormal rule, relation abnormal rule, space abnormal rule and time abnormal rule. Then, by analyzing the effectiveness and comparison of the four judgment rules, we present an explicit judgment process of TBBD. Finally, the paper carries on the experiments. The test result verifies the validity and feasibility of TBBD.

Hasan, MH, Mahlia, TMI & Nur, H 2012, 'A review on energy scenario and sustainable energy in Indonesia', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 2316-2328.
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Hasan, MN, Saha, S & Saha, SC 2012, 'Effects of corrugation frequency and aspect ratio on natural convection within an enclosure having sinusoidal corrugation over a heated top surface', International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 368-377.
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Hasan, MN, Saha, SC & Gu, YT 2012, 'Unsteady natural convection within a differentially heated enclosure of sinusoidal corrugated side walls', International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 55, no. 21-22, pp. 5696-5708.
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Hashemi, SH, Khorshidi, K, Es’haghi, M, Fadaee, M & Karimi, M 2012, 'On the effects of coupling between in-plane and out-of-plane vibrating modes of smart functionally graded circular/annular plates', Applied Mathematical Modelling, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 1132-1147.
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In recent years many articles concerned with the mechanics of functionally graded plates have been published. The variation in material properties through the thickness of the plate introduces a coupling between in-plane and transverse displacements, the coupling is important in the vibration of functionally graded plates (FGPs), but none have produced an exact closed-form solution for the in-plane as well as transverse vibrations of smart circular/annular FGPs. Therefore, this paper develops an exact closed-form solution for the free vibration of piezoelectric coupled thick circular/annular FGPs subjected to different boundary conditions on the basis of the Mindlin’s first-order shear deformation theory. Through the comparison of present results with those available, the accuracy of the present method was verified. The effects of coupling between in-plane and transverse displacements on the frequency parameters are proved to be significant. It is concluded that the developed model can describe vibrational behavior of smart FGM plates more realistic. Due to the inherent features of the present solution, all findings will be a useful benchmark for evaluating other analytical and numerical methods developed by researchers in the future. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Hatcher, P, Khalilpour, R & Abbas, A 2012, 'Optimisation of LNG mixed-refrigerant processes considering operation and design objectives.', Comput. Chem. Eng., vol. 41, pp. 123-133.
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Hayasaka, N & Miyanaga, Y 2012, 'Experimental Evaluation of Noise Robustness for Extended Whole-Word Model with Multi-Condition Training', IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems, vol. 132, no. 10, pp. 1667-1674.
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Hazrat, MA, Masjuki, HH, Kalam, MA, Badruddin, IA, Ramli, R & Pang, SC 2012, 'Steady state analysis of coolant temperature distribution in a spark ignition engine cooling jacket', International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 243-250.
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A full scale SI engine has been imported in to the CFD tool to analyse the temperature distribution of coolant throughout the cooling channels. The segregated approach solver has been adopted to solve the energy equations along with the RANS two layer turbulence model to find out accordance with the available theoretical and published results. The input values are collected from complete vehicle test and from available documents, too. The main objective of the analysis was to observe the coolant temperature distribution inside the cooling jacket when the engine is turned off. The steady state simulation shows that though the average coolant outlet temperature is found within the acceptable limit of cooling system operation principle, there is a large temperature gradient in fluid thermal boundary layers within cross section and overall jacket path. The analysis demands that there should be some special arrangement of maintaining the fluid flow inside the cooling jacket even after the engine is turned off to avoid further loss of the engine body due to high temperature accumulation inside the cooling jacket and fluid in it. The lump capacity conduction equation for first sec shows that the wall temperature obtained through the energy equation is in accordance with it, too.

Hedley, M & Zhang, J 2012, 'Accurate Wireless Localization in Sports', Computer, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 64-70.
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Henderson-Sellers, B, Qureshi, M & Gonzalez-Perez, C 2012, 'Towards an interoperable metamodel suite: size assessment as one input', International Journal of Software and Informatics, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 1-14.
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In recent years, many metamodels have been introduced in the software engi- neering literature and standards. These metamodels vary in their focus across, for example, process, product, organizational and measurement aspects of software development and have typically been developed independently of each other with shared concepts being only accidental. There is thus an increasing concern in the standards communities that possible conicts of structure and semantics between these various metamodels will hinder their widespread adoption. The complexity of these metamodels has also increased significantly and is another barrier in their appreciation. This complexity is compounded when more than one metamodel is used in the lifecycle of a software project. Therefore there is a need to have interoperable metamodels. As a first step towards engendering interoperability and/or possible mergers between metamodels, we examine the size and complexity of various meta- models. To do this, we have used the Rossi and Brinkkemper metrics-based approach to evaluate the size and complexity of several standard metamodels including UML 2.3, BPMN 2.0, ODM, SMM and OSM. The size and complexity of these metamodels is also compared with the previous version of UML, BPMN and Activity diagrams. The comparatively large sizes of BPMN 2.0 and UML 2.3 suggest that future integration with these metamodels might be more difficult than with the other metamodels under study (especially ODM, SSM and OSM).

Heran, M, Aryal, R, Shon, HK, Vigneswaran, S, Elmaleh, S & Grasmick, A 2012, 'How to Optimize Hollow-Fiber Submerged Membrane Bioreactors', WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH, vol. 84, no. 2, pp. 115-119.
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Membrane fouling is linked to reversible or irreversible accumulation of macromolecules and solids on membrane surfaces and to the irreversible adsorption inside pores. If reversible accumulation can be controlled by filtering in subcritical conditions, then adsorption could also be minimized by reducing the soluble organic matter [extracellular polymeric substances, soluble microbial products (SMP)]. This research shows how the choice of operating parameters related to biological reaction (solid retention time and the organic loading rate) can influence the process rate and the by-product (SMP) production. It also illustrates how suspension characteristics and membrane aeration can influence membrane fouling control according to the hollow fiber configuration and to the different scales of observation. The investigations were based on the definition of different fouling level and fine-tuning of a model to better understand the effects of operating parameters on membrane bioreactor filtration.

Herath, DC, Kodagoda, S & Dissanayake, G 2012, 'A two-tier map representation for compact-stereo-vision-based SLAM', ROBOTICA, vol. 30, pp. 245-256.
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Vision sensors are increasingly being used in the implementation of Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM). Even though the mathematical framework of SLAM is well understood, considerable issues remain to be resolved when a particular sensing modal

Hirst, JE, Tran, TS, Do, MAT, Rowena, F, Morris, JM & Jeffery, HE 2012, 'Women with gestational diabetes in Vietnam: a qualitative study to determine attitudes and health behaviours', BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, vol. 12, no. 1.
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Ho, SL, Niu, S, Fu, WN & Zhu, J 2012, 'A Mesh-Insensitive Methodology for Magnetic Force Computation in Finite-Element Analysis', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 287-290.
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A novel mesh-insensitive methodology for magnetic force computation is presented. The force value is obtained by integration on several layers of mesh elements around the objects on which the force needs to be computed. The number of layers can be automa

Ho, SL, Niu, S, Fu, WN & Zhu, J 2012, 'A Power-Balanced Time-Stepping Finite Element Method for Transient Magnetic Field Computation', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 291-294.
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Conventional transient finite-element methods (FEM) of magnetic field and electric circuit coupled problems often result in unbalanced power computation. In the worst case, the output power may be even miscomputed to be larger than the input power which

Ho, SL, Niu, S, Fu, WN & Zhu, J 2012, 'A Sensitivity Analysis Method for Equivalent Parameter Extraction of Transient Magnetic Field With Internal Circuits', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 295-298.
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A sensitivity analysis method for the equivalent parameter extraction of transient magnetic field problems with internally coupled circuits is presented. In contrast to conventional methods using physical meaning and physical relationships for parameter

Hokmabadi, AS, Fakher, A & Fatahi, B 2012, 'Full scale lateral behaviour of monopiles in granular marine soils', MARINE STRUCTURES, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 198-210.
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Monopiles are used in piers as mooring or berthing dolphins. This article reports the results of full-scale lateral loading tests on monopiles constructed as dolphins in the Pars Special Economic Energy Zone in southern Iran. The length and diameter of the monopiles were approximately 40 m and 2 m, respectively. Lateral loading tests of such large monopiles are not commonly undertaken, thus there is limited data available. This research developed a lateral analysis of piles computer code to examine analytical methods for pile analysis. Appropriate models were introduced resulting in accurate predictions in the analysis of lateral loaded piles. The results showed that traditional p-y curves and strain wedge models calculate larger pile head deflection in comparison to the field test data and therefore local calibration is essential.

Hokmabadi, AS, Fatahi, B & Samali, B 2012, 'Recording inter-storey drifts of structures in time-history approach for seismic design of building frames', Australian Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 175-179.
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The growing trend in the application of direct displacement-based or performance-based design, lays more emphasis on the precise prediction of design parameters such as the inter-storey drift controlling the performance level of the structure. Practising engineers employ different methods to record the inter-storey drifts in time-history approach mainly based on the maximum lateral deformation of the structure. In this study, a 15-storey concrete moment resisting building is designed using time-history analysis. Then reliability and accuracy of each method in predicting the maximum inter-storey drifts under the influence of three earthquake records, namely 1995 Kobe, 1994 Northridge and 1940 El Centro earthquakes, are investigated. Results clearly indicate that to choose the most critical drift to evaluate the performance level of structures, the absolute maximum drift over time should be calculated. Other methods based on the maximum storey deflection may result in unconservative design.

Hong, S, Aryal, R, Vigneswaran, S, Johir, MAH & Kandasamy, J 2012, 'Influence of hydraulic retention time on the nature of foulant organics in a high rate membrane bioreactor', Desalination, vol. 287, no. 1, pp. 116-122.
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The influence of hydraulic retention time (HRT) in a submerged hollow fibre membrane bioreactor was studied by conducting experiments at four different HRTs (4,2, 1.3 and 1 h) at room temperature of 25 °C. lt was found that a shorter HRT led to a higher development of trans-membrane pressure. The highest sludge cake and pore-blocking resistances of 4.02 x 1011 m-1 and 0.77 x 1011 m-1 respectively were noted for the shortest HRT (of 1 h) application. UV and fluorescence spectroscopy analyses showed that the nature of organics in the biomass and sludge cakes were different. The organic fraction analysis by liquid chromatography with organic carbon detector (LC-OCO) showed a significant amount of biopolymers and a lower amount of humics for longer HRT.

Ho-Pham, LT, Mai, LD, Pham, HN, Nguyen, ND & Nguyen, TV 2012, 'Reference ranges for vertebral heights and prevalence of asymptomatic (undiagnosed) vertebral fracture in Vietnamese men and women', Archives of Osteoporosis, vol. 7, no. 1-2, pp. 257-266.
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Summary Based on quantitative measurements of vertebral heights, the prevalence of undiagnosed vertebral fracture in Vietnamese men and women aged 50 years and older was 23 and 26 %, respectively Background The present study sought to develop reference ranges for vertebral heights and to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic vertebral fracture in Vietnamese men and women. Methods The study included 312 men and 657 women aged over 18 who were randomly selected from the community. The ImageJ software program was used to measure anterior height (Ha), middle height (Hm), and posterior height (Hp) for each vertebra (T4 to T12 and L1 to L5). Four vertebral ratios were determined: Ha/Hp, Hm/Hp, Hp/Hp+1, and Hp/Hp -1. Reference ranges for the ratios were then developed by the method of Winsorized mean. Vertebral fracture was diagnosed as a ratio lower than three standard deviations from the normal mean. Results For any given vertebra, Ha, Hm, and Hp in men were higher than in women. In both sexes, Ha and Hm increased in a stepwise fashion from T4 to L3 and then gradually reduced in L4L5. Vertebral heights for T4T9 tended to decrease, while vertebral height for T10L5 tended to increase with advancing age. Among those aged over 50 years, the prevalence of vertebral fracture in men was 23.3 % (95 % confidence interval (CI) 16.831.3 %) which was lower than that in women (26.5 %; 95 % CI 22.431.1 %). The prevalence increased with advancing age, such that from the age of over 70, 41 % of men and 42 % women had at least one vertebral fracture. Conclusion One fourth of Vietnamese men and women aged 50 years and older have a symptomatic vertebral fracture. This prevalence is equivalent to that in Caucasian populations.

Ho-Pham, LT, Vu, BQ, Lai, TQ, Nguyen, ND & Nguyen, TV 2012, 'Vegetarianism, bone loss, fracture and vitamin D: a longitudinal study in Asian vegans and non-vegans', European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 75-82.
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Hopper, SM, Woo, JW, Sharwood, LN, Babl, FE & Long, EJ 2012, 'Prevalence of suicidality in asymptomatic adolescents in the paediatric emergency department and utility of a screening tool', Emergency Medicine Australasia, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 540-546.
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Horsman, D, Fowler, AG, Devitt, S & Meter, RV 2012, 'Surface code quantum computing by lattice surgery', New Journal of Physics, vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 123011-123011.
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Abstract In recent years, surface codes have become a leading method for quantum error correction in theoretical large-scale computational and communications architecture designs. Their comparatively high fault-tolerant thresholds and their natural two-dimensional nearest-neighbour (2DNN) structure make them an obvious choice for large scale designs in experimentally realistic systems. While fundamentally based on the toric code of Kitaev, there are many variants, two of which are the planar- and defect-based codes. Planar codes require fewer qubits to implement (for the same strength of error correction), but are restricted to encoding a single qubit of information. Interactions between encoded qubits are achieved via transversal operations, thus destroying the inherent 2DNN nature of the code. In this paper we introduce a new technique enabling the coupling of two planar codes without transversal operations, maintaining the 2DNN of the encoded computer. Our lattice surgery technique comprises splitting and merging planar code surfaces, and enables us to perform universal quantum computation (including magic state injection) while removing the need for braided logic in a strictly 2DNN design, and hence reduces the overall qubit resources for logic operations. Those resources are further reduced by the use of a rotated lattice for the planar encoding. We show how lattice surgery allows us to distribute encoded GHZ states in a more direct (and overhead friendly) manner, and how a demonstration of an encoded CNOT between two distance-3 logical states is possible with 53 physical qubits, half of that required in any other known construction in 2D.

Hossain, A, Ngo, H, Guo, W & Nguyen, V 2012, 'Biosorption of Cu(II) From Water by Banana Peel Based Biosorbent: Experiments and Models of Adsorption and Desorption', Journal of Water Sustainability, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 87-104.
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Banana peel, a discarded agricultural waste was used to produce bioadsorbent through easy and environmental friendly processes. This banana peel based biosorbent was evaluated for adsorptive removal of copper from water and its desorption capability. The characterisation results showed this biosorbent had very high specific surface area, potential binding sites and functional groups. The optimal conditions for biosorption were found at pH 6.5, biosorbent size of less than 75μ, dose of 0.5g/100ml and 1-hour contact time. Thermodynamic analysis also indicated that its adsorption was spontaneous. Significant desorption of copper (94%) was obtained when using 0.1N H2SO4. Both adsorption and desorption equilibrium data were well described by Langmuir, SIPS and Koble-Corrigan models whilst kinetics data by pseudo-first order, Elovich and Intraparticle diffusion models. Modelsâ parameters were optimised by MATLABâs non-linear modelling. All models had good fitness with the experimental data from high R2 (0.970-1.00), low non-linear errors - RMSE (0.004-10.00) and low 2 (0.0004-10.00). The maximum adsorption and desorption capacities were 20.37 and 32.40 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption processes were controlled by chemisorption. Both adsorption and desorption processes could be described by the pseudo-first order kinetic. The potential applicability of banana peel based bioadsorbent could be further examined in a large-scale.

Hossain, GSM & McLaughlan, RG 2012, 'Sorption of chlorophenols from aqueous solution by granular activated carbon, filter coal, pine and hardwood', ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY, vol. 33, no. 16, pp. 1839-1846.
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Wood and coal, as low-cost sorbents, have been evaluated as an altemative to commercial granular activated carbon (GAC) for chlorophenol removal. Kinetic experiments indicated that :filter coal had a significantly lower rate of uptake ("" I 0% of final uptake was achieved after three hours) than the other sorbents, owing to intra-particle diffusion limitations. The data fitted a pseudo-second-order model. Sorption capacity data showed that GAC had a high sorption capacity (294--467 mg g-l) compared with other sorbents (3.2-7.5 mg g-I). However, wood and coal had a greater sorption capacity per unit sUlface area than GAC. Sorption equilibrium data was best predicted using a Freundlich adsorption model. The sorption capacity for all sorbents was 2-chlorophenol < 4-chlorophenol < 2, 4-dichlorophenol, which correlates well with solute hydrophobicity, although the relative dillerences werc much less for coal than the other sorbents. The results showed that pine, hardwood and filter coal can be used as sorbent materials for the removal of chlorophenol from water; however, kinetic considerations may limit the application of filter coal.

Hossain, MA, Ngo, HH, Guo, WS & Nguyen, TV 2012, 'Palm oil fruit shells as biosorbent for copper removal from water and wastewater: Experiments and sorption models', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 113, pp. 97-101.
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Palm oil fruit shells were evaluated as a new bioadsorbent to eliminate toxic copper from water and wastewater. Without any chemical treatment, palm oil fruit shells were washed, dried and grounded into powder (<75 lm) for use in the experiments. Characterization showed mesopore based bioadsorbent was prepared from palm oil fruit shells. The results indicate that the highest Cu removal efficiency was found in an aqueous solution with pH of 6.5. The equilibrium sorption capacity of copper was significantly high (between 28 and 60 mg/g) at room temperature. Nonlinear regression analyses for isotherm models revealed that three-parameter isotherms had a better fit to the experimental data (R2 > 0.994) than that of two-parameter isotherms. The copper sorption system was heterogeneous as the values of exponents were lying between 0 and 1. The highly correlated pseudo-second-order kinetics model (R2 > 0.998) ascertained the applicability of copper removal by palm oil fruit shells.

Hossain, MA, Ngo, HH, Guo, WS & Setiadi, T 2012, 'Adsorption and desorption of copper(II) ions onto garden grass', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 121, pp. 386-395.
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The garden grass (GG) was firstly used to remove copper(II) from water as bioadsorbent. From the results of characterisation, the GG had the merits of high specific surface area, significant adsorption sites and functional groups. Copper-adsorption significantly depends on the initial copper concentrations, contact time, pH, adsorbent doses, particle sizes and temperature. The positive values of DG indicates that the adsorption of copper onto garden grass is non-spontaneous and values lies within the ranges of 4.452â13.660 kJ/mol for supporting physical adsorption. 0.1 N H2SO4 was found as suitable eluent, which could be used 5 cycles of adsorptionâdesorption. The data from adsorption and desorption equilibrium were well fitted by the Langmuir, SIPS and RedlichâPeterson isotherm models. The maximum adsorption and desorption capacities were 58.34 and 319.03 mg/g, respectively, for 1 g dose. Adsorption and desorption kinetics could be described by the Pseudo-first-order model.

Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR & Ramos, RA 2012, 'Improved low-voltage-ride-through capability of fixed-speed wind turbines using decentralised control of STATCOM with energy storage system', IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, vol. 6, no. 8, pp. 719-719.
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Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR, Mahmud, MA & Ramos, RA 2012, 'Investigation of the Impacts of Large-Scale Wind Power Penetration on the Angle and Voltage Stability of Power Systems', IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 76-84.
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Hossain, MJ, Saha, TK, Mithulananthan, N & Pota, HR 2012, 'Robust control strategy for PV system integration in distribution systems', Applied Energy, vol. 99, pp. 355-362.
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Hossain, SMG & McLaughlan, RG 2012, 'Oxidation of Chlorophenols in Aqueous Solution by Excess Potassium Permanganate', WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION, vol. 223, no. 3, pp. 1429-1435.
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A simple spectrophotometric method was developed to quantify chlorophenol (CP) concentrations after reaction with potassium permanganate and quenching with sodium sulfite. Other quenching agents (peroxide, sodium thiosulfate and hydroxylamine hydrochloride) were found to create absorbance in the spectral range required for CP quantification. Analysis at pH 12 gave greater absorption and sensitivity for the method compared with pH 5.6. The calibration curves of the proposed methods were linear in the concentration ranges 0.0061â0.61 and 0.0078â0.78 mM with detection limit of 0.0006 and 0.0008 mM for dichlorophenols and monochlorophenols, respectively. The oxidation kinetics of five chlorophenols in aqueous solution with excess potassium permanganate were evaluated using the analytical method. The pseudo-first-order reaction rates were found to be relatively rapid 1.42Ã 10â3 to 0.024 sâ1 and followed the sequence 2-chlorophenol (2-CP)>2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-DCP)>4-chlorophenol (4-CP)>2,4-dichlorophenol (2, 4-DCP)>3-chlorophenol (3-CP). The apparent second-order rate constant was calculated from the measured pseudo-first-order rate constant with respect to CP with initial KMnO4 concentration (1.5 mM) and follows the same sequence of pseudo-first-order rate constant. This shows that chlorine atoms in the structure of chlorophenol had a significant influence on the oxidation of chlorophenols by potassium permanganate. Permanganate can be used for the treatment of chlorophenol-contaminated soil and groundwater.

Hossein Alavi, A, Mollahasani, A, Hossein Gandomi, A & Boluori Bazaz, J 2012, 'Formulation of secant and reloading soil deformation moduli using multi expression programming', Engineering Computations, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 173-197.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop new constitutive models to predict the soil deformation moduli using multi expression programming (MEP). The soil deformation parameters formulated are secant (Es) and reloading (Er) moduli.Design/methodology/approachMEP is a new branch of classical genetic programming. The models obtained using this method are developed upon a series of plate load tests conducted on different soil types. The best models are selected after developing and controlling several models with different combinations of the influencing parameters. The validation of the models is verified using several statistical criteria. For more verification, sensitivity and parametric analyses are carried out.FindingsThe results indicate that the proposed models give precise estimations of the soil deformation moduli. The Es prediction model provides considerably better results than the model developed for Er. The Es formulation outperforms several empirical models found in the literature. The validation phases confirm the efficiency of the models for their general application to the soil moduli estimation. In general, the derived models are suitable for fine‐grained soils.Originality/valueThese equations may be used by designers to check the general validity of the laboratory and field test results or to control the solutions developed by more in‐depth deterministic analyses.

Hosseini Hashemi, S, Atashipour, R, Karimi, M & Es haghi, M 2012, 'Free vibration analysis of elliptical functionally graded plates', International Journal of Maritime Technology, vol. 3, pp. 43-60.

Hosseini-Hashemi, S, Karimi, M & Rokni, H 2012, 'Natural frequencies of rectangular Mindlin plates coupled with stationary fluid', Applied Mathematical Modelling, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 764-778.
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The present study is concerned with the free vibration analysis of a horizontal rectangular plate, either immersed in fluid or floating on its free surface. The governing equations for a moderately thick rectangular plate are analytically derived based on the Mindlin plate theory (MPT), whereas the velocity potential function and Bernoulli’s equation are employed to obtain the fluid pressure applied on the free surface of the plate. The simplifying hypothesis that the wet and dry mode shapes are the same, is not assumed in this paper. In this work, an exact-closed form characteristics equation is used for the plate subjected to a combination of six different boundary conditions. Two opposite sides are simply supported and any of the other two edges can be free, simply supported or clamped. To demonstrate the accuracy of the present analytical solution, a comparison is made with the published experimental and numerical results in the literature, showing an excellent agreement. Then, natural frequencies of the plate are presented in tabular and graphical forms for different fluid levels, fluid densities, aspect ratios, thickness to length ratios and boundary conditions. Finally, some 3-D mode shapes of the rectangular Mindlin plates in contact with fluid are illustrated. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.

How, HG, Teoh, YH, Masjuki, HH & Kalam, MA 2012, 'Impact of coconut oil blends on particulate-phase PAHs and regulated emissions from a light duty diesel engine', Energy, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 500-509.
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Howes, JM, Stuart, BH, Thomas, PS, Raja, S & O'Brien, C 2012, 'An Investigation of Model Forensic Bone in Soil Environments Studied Using Infrared Spectroscopy', JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES, vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 1161-1167.
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Infrared spectroscopy has been used to examine changes to bone chemistry as a result of soil burial. Pig carcasses were buried as part of a controlled field study, and pig bone was used in soil environments established in the laboratory. The variables of species type, bone pretreatment, soil type and pH, moisture content, temperature, and burial time were investigated. The crystallinity index (CI) and the organic and carbonate contents of the bones were monitored. The data revealed decreasing trends in the organic and carbonate contents and an increase in the CI of the bone with burial time. An acidic soil environment and soil type are the factors that have the most influence on bone chemistry as a result of burial. The study demonstrates the potential of infrared spectroscopy as a straightforward method of monitoring the changes associated with aging of bones in a variety of soil environments.

Hu, H, Jiang, X, Wang, J & Li, Y 2012, 'Design, modeling, and controlling of a large-scale magnetorheological shock absorber under high impact load', JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 635-645.
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In this article, an MRD50 type of large-scale magnetorheological shock absorber was designed and manufactured in Smart Materials and Structures Laboratory of Nanjing University of Science and Technology. Upon providing a brief background on magnetorheological dampers, the detailed structure of this developed large-scale magnetorheological shock absorber was depicted. A suit of hardware-in-the-loop simulation platform under high impact load excitation was introduced for a weapon system. A series of tests were conducted to establish the dynamic behaviors of magnetorheological shock absorber under impact loads. The test results show that the inertia damping force should not be ignored like a common magnetorheological damper because of the large acceleration from the impact load. Based on the theory model and the experimental data, index parameters of magnetorheological fluid and other structural parameters in Herschel-Bulkley-Inertia model were identified by using the least square algorithm. In order to evaluate the controllability of large-scale magnetorheological shock absorber applied into high impact loads, three control algorithms, including on-off control, proportional-integral-derivative control, and fuzzy control algorithm, were used in tests to control the dynamic behavior of magnetorheological shock absorber, and some results of the controllability tests were exhibited in this article. In conclusion, the results indicated that the developed large-scale magnetorheological shock absorber was indeed able to effectively control the recoil dynamics.

Huang, L, Milne, D, Frank, E & Witten, IH 2012, 'Learning a concept-based document similarity measure', Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, vol. 63, no. 8, pp. 1593-1608.
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Huang, Q, Xu, YL, Li, JC, Su, ZQ & Liu, HJ 2012, 'Structural damage detection of controlled building structures using frequency response functions', Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 331, no. 15, pp. 3476-3492.
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If a building structure requires both a vibration control system and a health monitoring system, the integration of the two systems will be cost-effective and beneficial. One of the key problems of this integrated system is how to use control devices to enhance system identification and damage detection. This paper presents a new method for system identification and damage detection of controlled building structures equipped with semi-active friction dampers through model updating based on frequency response functions. The two states of the building are first created by adding a known stiffness using semi-active friction dampers. A scheme based on the frequency response functions of the two states of the building is then presented to identify stiffness parameters of structural members in consideration of structural connectivity and transformation information. By applying the proposed model updating scheme to the damaged building, a damage detection scheme is proposed based on the identified stiffness parameters of structural members of both the original and damaged buildings. The feasibility of the proposed schemes is finally demonstrated through a detailed numerical investigation in terms of an example building, in which the effects of measurement noise and excitation conditions are discussed. The numerical results clearly show that the proposed method can locate and quantify damage satisfactorily even though measurement noise is taken into consideration.

Huang, X, Guo, Y, Zhang, A & Dyadyuk, V 2012, 'A multi-gigabit microwave backhaul', IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 122-129.
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The rapid growth of multimedia broadband wireless services has placed huge pressure on the backhaul infrastructure. As cost-effective alternatives to fibre backhauls, high speed microwave backhauls provide a number of significant benefits, especially for bringing broadband services to rural and regional areas. This article addresses the challenges to wireless backhauls and presents a multi-gigabit microwave backhaul system, called Ngara backhaul, which is being developed at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australia. The various innovative aspects of the Ngara backhaul system including spectrum aggregation, peak-toaverage power ratio reduction, out-of-band emission cancellation, and sample rate conversion, are reported.

Huang, X, Guo, YJ & Dyadyuk, V 2012, 'Multi-gigabit wireless backhauls for broadband networks', Telecommunications Journal of Australia, vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 1-11.
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With the emergence of next generation broadband wireless access and mobile systems, huge demands are being placed on the backhaul infrastructure. As cost-effective alternatives to traditional copper and fibre backhauls, high speed and long range wireless backhauls become more and more attractive. However, current existing wireless backhaul systems neither provide sufficiently high speed nor meet the requirements to achieve both high speed and long range at the same time. Multi-gigabit data rates can be obtained using millimetre-wave (mmwave) point-to-point systems, but the practical transmission range is still the major weakness. Traditional microwave systems can achieve longer transmission range, but the data rates are limited to a few hundred Mega bits per second only. In this article, a review on the demand for multi-gigabit wireless backhauls is given and the benefits of wireless backhauls are described. The radio propagation characteristics in both mm-wave and microwave frequency bands are provided to show the difference in transmission range for wireless backhauls in the two different bands. The state-of-the-art mm-wave and microwave technologies currently being developed at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) are introduced to illustrate CSIRO’s technology leadership in high speed and long range broadband wireless backhaul systems. It is hoped that the article will stimulate further research interest and industry development.

Huang, X, Guo, YJ & Zhang, JA 2012, 'Sample Rate Conversion Using B-Spline Interpolation for OFDM Based Software Defined Radios', IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 60, no. 8, pp. 2113-2122.
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This paper proposes arbitrary ratio sample rate conversion (SRC) architectures and a simpler B-spline interpolation algorithm for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based software defined radios (SDRs) with multiband and multi-channel capabilities. Different from conventional standalone digital front-end designs for SDRs, the proposed SRC architectures combine the B-spline interpolation with OFDM modulation and equalization for OFDM transmitter and receiver respectively. With this combined design, the passband droop introduced by the B-spline interpolation can be more efficiently compensated using frequency-domain pre-distortion, instead of conventional time-domain pre-filtering, and hence an overall system complexity reduction is achieved. A novel multi-period B-spline interpolation and re-sampling structure is then constructed, and an interpolation algorithm with lower implementation complexity than that of the conventional Farrow structure is further developed. The SRC performance is also analysed by deriving the signal-to-peak distortion ratio formulas which can be used as design tools for determining the required orders of B-splines in the OFDM transmitter and receiver respectively. Finally, SRC examples used in a high-speed multiband multi-channel microwave backhaul system are given and compared with conventional polyphase filterbank interpolation to demonstrate the practicality and performance of the proposed SRC architectures and interpolation algorithm

Huang, Z & Autrey, T 2012, 'Boron–nitrogen–hydrogen (BNH) compounds: recent developments in hydrogen storage, applications in hydrogenation and catalysis, and new syntheses', Energy & Environmental Science, vol. 5, no. 11, pp. 9257-9257.
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Hussain, OK, Dillon, T, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2012, 'Probabilistic assessment of loss in revenue generation in demand-driven production', JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MANUFACTURING, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 2069-2084.
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In Demand-driven Production with Just-in-Time inputs, there are several sources of uncertainty which impact on themanufacturers ability to meet the required customers demand within the given time frame. This can result in a loss of revenue and customers, which will have undesirable impacts on the financial aspects and on the viability of the manufacturer.Hence, a key concern for manufacturers in justin- time production is to determine whether they can meet a specific level of demand within a given time frame, to meet the customers orders and also to achieve the required revenue target for that period of time. In this paper, we propose a methodology by which a manufacturer can ascertain the probability of not meeting the required demand within a given period by considering the uncertainties in the availability of production units and raw materials, and the loss of financial revenue that it would experience as a result.

Hussain, W, Sohaib, O, Ahmed, A & Khan, MQ 2012, 'GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM BASED MODEL OF LAND SUITABILITY FOR GOOD YIELD OF RICE IN PRACHUAP KHIRI KHAN PROVINCE, THAILAND', Science, Technology and Development, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 1-9.

Huyang, G, Petermann, I, Canning, J, Naqshbandi, M & Crossley, MJ 2012, 'Characterisation and functionalisation of cold-processed titania sol-gel layers on silica and silicate surfaces', OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 222-227.
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Iji, A, Zhu, X & Heimlich, M 2012, 'High gain/power quotient variable-gain wideband low-noise amplifier for capsule endoscopy application', Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 54, no. 11, pp. 2563-2565.
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Ilanko, S & Bharathy, GK 2012, 'Positive and negative penalty parameters in optimisation subjected to continuous constraints', Computers & Structures, vol. 108-109, pp. 83-92.
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Indraratna, B, Nguyen, VT & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2012, 'Closure to “Assessing the Potential of Internal Erosion and Suffusion of Granular Soils” by Buddhima Indraratna, Vo Trong Nguyen, and Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 138, no. 6, pp. 775-775.
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Indraratna, B, Nguyen, VT & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2012, 'Corrigendum: Hydraulic conductivity of saturated granular soils determined using a constriction-based technique', Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 754-754.
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Indraratna, B, Nguyen, VT & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2012, 'Corrigendum: Hydraulic conductivity of saturated granular soils determined using a constriction-based technique', Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol. 49, no. 10, pp. 1225-1225.
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Indraratna, B, Nguyen, VT & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2012, 'Hydraulic conductivity of saturated granular soils determined using a constriction-based technique', Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 607-613.
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This study presents a new semi-empirical approach for predicting the saturated hydraulic conductivity of noncohesive (granular) soils through a constriction size–based technique. For the same particle-size distribution of a granular filter material, there can be many different void distributions depending on the as-compacted density. Therefore, particle-size distribution is not unique in determining the hydraulic conductivity as proposed in numerous earlier studies. In contrast, the constriction-size distribution is unique for a given as-placed density of the material, and therefore it is a better representation of hydraulic conductivity as proposed in this study. Accordingly, the hydraulic conductivity of a granular medium can be represented by an empirical power function that has been established on the basis of 60 laboratory tests.

Indraratna, B, Nguyen, VT & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2012, 'Reply to the discussion by Wang and Dallo on “Hydraulic conductivity of saturated granular soils determined using a constriction-based technique” ¹Appears in the Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 49(10): 1221–1222 [doi:10.1139/t2012-078].', Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol. 49, no. 10, pp. 1223-1224.
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Indraratna, B, Nimbalkar, S & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2012, 'Track Stabilisation with Geosynthetics and Geodrains, and Performance Verification through Field Monitoring and Numerical Modelling', International Journal of Railway Technology, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 195-219.
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Indraratna, B, Rujikiatkamjorn, C, Balasubramaniam, AS & McIntosh, G 2012, 'Soft ground improvement via vertical drains and vacuum assisted preloading', Geotextiles and Geomembranes, vol. 30, pp. 16-23.
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Indraratna, B, Rujikiatkamjorn, C, Kelly, R & Buys, H 2012, 'Soft soil foundation improved by vacuum and surcharge loading', Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Ground Improvement, vol. 165, no. 2, pp. 87-96.
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The Pacific Highway has been upgraded to support the high transportation demand between Sydney and Brisbane, along the north-east coast of Australia. To avoid the traffic through the busy town of Ballina, a bypass route was designed to traverse on a floodplain consisting of very soft, highly compressible, saturated marine clays up to 30 m deep in certain locations. A vacuum-assisted surcharge load scheme in conjunction with prefabricated vertical drains was selected to reduce the required time to consolidate the deep subsoil layers. The design of the combined vacuum and surcharge fill system and the construction of the embankment are described, and a comparison of the performance between the combined vacuum and surcharge loading system with the conventional surcharge only system is highlighted. Field data are presented and interpreted to demonstrate how the embankments performed during construction in both vacuum and non-vacuum areas. Suitable design charts for vertical drains are presented and discussed with a worked example, considering both vertical and radial drainage.

Indraratna, B, Thakur, PK, Vinod, JS & Salim, W 2012, 'Semiempirical Cyclic Densification Model for Ballast Incorporating Particle Breakage', International Journal of Geomechanics, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 260-271.
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Iqbal, A & Lee, JE-Y 2012, 'Piezoresistive Sensing in a SOI Mechanically Coupled Micromechanical Multiple-Resonator Array', IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, vol. 59, no. 11, pp. 3091-3096.
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Islam, MR, Guo, Y & Zhu, JG 2012, '11-kV Series-Connected H-Bridge Multilevel Converter for Direct Grid Connection of Renewable Energy Systems', Journal of international Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 70-78.
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Due to the variable nature of renewable energy resources and power demand by consumers, it is difficult to operate a power system installed with only one type of renewable energy resource. Grid-based renewable generation may be the only solution to overcome this problem. The conventional approach based on a low-voltage converter with power frequency transformer is commonly employed for grid connection of offshore renewable energy systems. Because of the heavy weight and large size of the transformer, the system can be expensive and complex in terms of installation and maintenance. In this paper, an 11-kV series connected H-bridge (SCHB) multilevel voltage source converter (VSC) is proposed to achieve a compact and light direct grid connection of renewable energy systems. This paper presents the design, simulation and analysis of a five level (5L)-SCHB and an eleven level (11L)-SCHB VSC for 11-kV grid-based renewable energy systems. The performance, cost, modulation scheme and harmonic spectra of the converter are analyzed

Iversen, OS, Halskov, K & Leong, TW 2012, 'Values-led participatory design', CODESIGN-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COCREATION IN DESIGN AND THE ARTS, vol. 8, no. 2-3, pp. 87-103.
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The widespread use of participatory design (PD) has meant that different approaches and conceptualisations exist in this field today. In this article, it is argued that one fruitful approach is to rekindle a concern for values in design, focusing upon values as the engine that drives activities in PD. Drawing from the authors` own PD projects, this article shows how this can be accomplished: through designers enacting their appreciative judgement of values by engaging in a dynamic and dialogical process of cultivating the emergence of values, developing them and supporting their grounding.

Janjua, NK & Hussain, FK 2012, 'Web@IDSS - Argumentation-enabled Web-based IDSS for reasoning over incomplete and conflicting information', KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 9-27.
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Over the past few decades, there has been a resurgence of interest in using high-level software intelligence for business intelligence (BI). The objective is to produce actionable information that is delivered at the right time, easily comprehendible and exportable to other software to assist business decision-making processes. Although the design and development of decision support systems (DSS) has been carried out for over 40 years, DSS still suffer from many limitations such as poor maintainability, poor flexibility and less reusability. The development of the Internet and WWW has helped information systems to overcome those limitations and Web DSS is now an active area of research in business intelligence, impacting significantly on the way information is exchanged and businesses are conducted. However, to remain competitive, companies rely on business intelligence (BI) to continually monitor and analyze the operating environment (both internal and external), to identify potential risks, and to devise competitive business strategies. However, the current Web DSS applications are not able to reason over information present across organizational boundaries which could be incomplete and conflicting. The use of an argumentation-based mechanism has not been explored to address such shortcomings in Web DSS. Argumentation is a kind of commonsense reasoning used by human beings to reach a justifiable conclusion when available information is incomplete and/or inconsistent among participants. In this paper, we propose and elaborate in detail a conceptual framework and formal argumentation-based semantics for Web enabled Intelligent DSS (Web@IDSS). We evaluate the use of argumentative reasoning in Web DSS with the help of a case study, prototype development and future directions. Applications built according to the proposed framework will provide more practical, understandable results to decision makers.

Jennings, LM, Al-Hajjar, M, Brockett, CL, Williams, S, Tipper, JL, Ingham, E & Fisher, J 2012, '(iv) Enhancing the safety and reliability of joint replacement implants', Orthopaedics and Trauma, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 246-252.
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A new Stratified Approach For Enhanced Reliability (SAFER) pre-clinical simulation testing of joint prostheses is presented in this article. The aim of this approach is preclinical systematic testing of wear performance in the much wider envelope of conditions found clinically rather than relying only on the standard testing conditions that are currently used. The approach includes variations in surgical delivery, variations in kinematics, variations in the patient population and degradation of the biomaterial properties. Clinical experience of existing prostheses has been used to validate the new in vitro methods. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

Jeong, S, Choi, YJ, Nguyen, TV, Vigneswaran, S & Hwang, TM 2012, 'Submerged membrane hybrid systems as pretreatment in seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO): Optimisation and fouling mechanism determination', JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE, vol. 411, pp. 173-181.
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Three different submerged membrane hybrid systems (SMHSs) namely submerged membrane coagulation hybrid system (SMCHS), submerged membrane adsorption hybrid system (SMAHS), and submerged membrane coagulationâadsorption hybrid system (SMCAHS) were studied as pretreatment systems to seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO). The performances of these SMHSs were compared with that of submerged membrane system (without any coagulation or adsorption) in terms of trans-membrane pressure (TMP) development, critical flux, ultrafilter modified fouling index (UF-MFI), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal efficiency, and the removal of detailed organic fractions. The experimental results show that pretreatment by SMCAHS led to the best results in terms of organic removal and critical flux. With the low doses of ferric chloride (FeCl3) and powder activated carbon (PAC) of 0.5 mg of Fe3+/L and 0.5 g of PAC/L, respectively, this hybrid system could remove 72% of DOC and reduce the UF-MFI nearly five times. The initial DOC and UF-MFI of seawater used in this study were 2.53 mg/L and 14,165 s/L2, respectively. The application of three different membrane fouling models namely pore blockage, pore constriction, and cake formation models showed that cake formation was the predominant fouling mechanisms causing fouling in SMHSs.

Jeong, S, Kim, LH, Kim, S-J, Nguyen, TV, Vigneswaran, S & Kim, IS 2012, 'Biofouling Potential Reductions Using a Membrane Hybrid System as a Pre-treatment to Seawater Reverse Osmosis', Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, vol. 167, no. 6, pp. 1716-1727.
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Biofouling on reverse osmosis (RO) membranes is the most serious problem which affects desalination process efficiency and increases operation cost. The biofouling cannot be effectively removed by the conventional pre-treatment traditionally used in desa

Jeong, S, Nguyen, TV, Shon, HK & Vigneswaran, S 2012, 'The performance of contact flocculation–filtration as pretreatment of seawater reverse osmosis', Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 43, no. 1-3, pp. 246-252.
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Deep bed filtration has traditionally been used as a pretreatment in seawater desalination. The performance of contact flocculationâfiltration (CFF) as pretreatment of seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) was evaluated in terms of pressure drop through the filter and removal of organics and turbidity. The average turbidity, total suspended solids, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) of raw seawater were 0.92 NTU, 3.6, and 1.12mg/L, respectively. The performances of CFF were experimentally evaluated with different flocculant doses (0.5â3.0mg Fe3+/L) and rapid mixing times (1.7â14.4 s). Here rapid mixing was performed in a spiral flocculation unit which consisted of a PVC tube of length 0.5m and internal diameters of 0.16 and 0.40 cm. The experimental results show that the filtration rate of 10.0m/h led to an extensive increase in both head loss (pressure drop) and turbidity as compared to those at filtration rates of 5.0 and 7.5 m/h. The head loss also significantly decreased when the flocculant dose was reduced from 3 to 0.5mg Fe3+/L. However, the organic matter (26% of DOC) removal was lower at a lower dose of ferric chloride (1.0 mg/L as Fe3+). The removal efficiency of DOC at low concentration of ferric was improved considerably through the improvement of rapid mixing. The application of CFF process also led to a significant decrease in ultrafiltermodified fouling index (UF-MFI).

Ji, JC 2012, 'Application of a Weakly Nonlinear Absorber to Suppress the Resonant Vibrations of a Forced Nonlinear Oscillator', JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND ACOUSTICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME, vol. 134, no. 4, pp. 1-6.
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A weakly nonlinear vibration absorber is used to suppress the primary resonance vibrations of a single degree-of-freedom weakly nonlinear oscillator with periodic excitation, where the two linearized natural frequencies of the integrated system are not u

Ji, JC, Li, XY, Luo, Z & Zhang, N 2012, 'TWO-TO-ONE RESONANT HOPF BIFURCATIONS IN A QUADRATICALLY NONLINEAR OSCILLATOR INVOLVING TIME DELAY', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIFURCATION AND CHAOS, vol. 22, no. 3.
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Jian Xun Jin, Lu Hai Zheng, You Guang Guo, Jian Guo Zhu, Grantham, C, Sorrell, CC & Wei Xu 2012, 'High-Temperature Superconducting Linear Synchronous Motors Integrated With HTS Magnetic Levitation Components', IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 5202617-5202617.
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High-temperature superconductors (HTSs) including HTS bulks and tapes have potential applications in linear motion drive and magnetic levitation/suspension systems generating substantial advantages over conventional ones. When an HTS linear motor is inte

Jiang, ZY, Cheng, XW, Du, XZ, Wei, DB & He, XF 2012, 'Modelling of Strip Shape and Profile during Cold Rolling of Ultra Thin Strip', Materials Science Forum, vol. 706-709, pp. 1421-1426.
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In this paper, finite element models of the strip shape during cold rolling of ultra thin strip in both symmetrical and asymmetrical rolling cases have been successfully developed, and the strip shape such as the thickness distribution along the strip width has been obtained. The strip shape and edge drop are discussed under both symmetrical and asymmetrical rolling conditions. Simulation results show that the asymmetrical rolling can reduce strip edge drop dramatically. The work roll edge curve also affects strip shape significantly. The developed finite element model has been verified with the experimental values.

Johir, MAH, George, J, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J, Sathasivan, A & Grasmick, A 2012, 'Effect of imposed flux on fouling behavior in high rate membrane bioreactor', Bioresource Technology, vol. 122, pp. 42-49.
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The influence of imposed flux and aeration rates on membrane fouling in a submerged membrane bioreactor was studied. The experiments were conducted at four imposed fluxes and three aeration rates. The effect of flux on the reduction of membrane fouling w

Johir, MAH, Vigneswaran, S, Sathasivan, A, Kandasamy, J & Chang, CY 2012, 'Effect of organic loading rate on organic matter and foulant characteristics in membrane bio-reactor', Bioresource Technology, vol. 113, pp. 154-160.
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In this study, the influence of organic loading rate (OLR) on the performance of a membrane bio-reactor (MBR) was investigated. The MBR was operated with 6 different OLRs between 0.5 and 3.0 kg COD/m3 d. The hydrodynamic parameters of the MBR were kept constant. The hydraulic retention time and sludge retention time were kept at 8 h and 40 d respectively. From the experimental investigation, it was found that the removal efficiency of DOC, COD and NH4-N decreased when OLRs were increased from 0.5 to 3.0 kg COD/m3 d. Higher OLRs of 2.75-3.0 kg COD/m3 d resulted in a higher transmembrane pressure development. The fractionation of organic matters showed more hydrophilic substances with higher OLRs. A detailed organic matter characterization of membrane foulant, soluble microbial product and extracellular polymeric substances showed that bio-polymers type substances together with humic acid and lower molecular neutral and acids were responsible for membrane fouling.

Kalam, MA, Ahamed, JU & Masjuki, HH 2012, 'Land availability of Jatropha production in Malaysia', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 3999-4007.
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Kalam, MA, Masjuki, HH, Shahabuddin, M & Mofijur, M 2012, 'Tribological characteristics of amine phosphate and octylated/butylated diphenylamine additives infused bio-lubricant', Energy Education Science and Technology Part A: Energy Science and Research, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 123-136.
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This paper presents the experimental results of normal lubricant, additives added lubricants and waste vegetable oil (WVO) contaminated bio-lubricants to evaluate the tribological properties such that friction and wear characteristics. The test was conducted using a four-ball tribotester with standard test method IP- 239. The balls used in four-ball tribotester were based on carbon-chromium steel ball bearings. To evaluate friction and wear characteristics, coefficient of friction (μ), wear scar diameter (WSD), flash temperature parameter (FTP), viscosity index (VI) and total acid number (TAN) were investigated. Each test was conducted for five different loads from 50 kg to 90 kg at an interval of 10 kg. The lubricant was contaminated with WVO from 1% to 5%. The normal lubricant (as sample A) was used for comparison purposes. The test results showed that WVO contaminated lubricants with suitable anti-wear additive (amine phosphate) can reduce friction and wear coefficient substantially. The objective of this investigation is to develop a new lubricant based on waste palm oil (such as WVO). © Sila Science.

Kalyuga, M, Gallego-Ortega, D, Lee, HJ, Roden, DL, Cowley, MJ, Caldon, CE, Stone, A, Allerdice, SL, Valdes-Mora, F, Launchbury, R, Statham, AL, Armstrong, N, Alles, MC, Young, A, Egger, A, Au, W, Piggin, CL, Evans, CJ, Ledger, A, Brummer, T, Oakes, SR, Kaplan, W, Gee, JMW, Nicholson, RI, Sutherland, RL, Swarbrick, A, Naylor, MJ, Clark, SJ, Carroll, JS & Ormandy, CJ 2012, 'ELF5 Suppresses Estrogen Sensitivity and Underpins the Acquisition of Antiestrogen Resistance in Luminal Breast Cancer', PLoS Biology, vol. 10, no. 12, pp. e1001461-e1001461.
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Kamaleswaran, R & McGregor, C 2012, 'Integrating complex business processes for knowledge-driven clinical decision support systems', 2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, pp. 1306-1309.
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KANETA, Y, YOSHIZAWA, S, MINATO, S-I, ARIMURA, H & MIYANAGA, Y 2012, 'A Dynamically Reconfigurable FPGA-Based Pattern Matching Hardware for Subclasses of Regular Expressions', IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, vol. E95.D, no. 7, pp. 1847-1857.
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Kang, K & Sohaib, O 2012, 'The Effect of Technology, Human and Social Networks in Serviceable Cross-Cultural B2C websites', Journal of Internet and e-Business Studies, vol. 2012, pp. 1796-1805.
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Business to-Consumer (B2C) e-commerce becomes more composite with the emerging growth of web services. Online Buyer expectations are often not taken into consideration in global and local B2C websites. Serviceability has made its approach into the e-commerce mainstream and emphases on how the web developers have developed their role to understand buyers actions of purchasing and accessibility to accommodate evolving business process. For a B2C e-commerce website to engage online-buyers across cultures web designer should not ignore the technology and human related elements. This study is proposing a conceptual framework that describes the importance of serviceable B2C e-commerce that connects technology factors such as web content accessibility guidelines, human factors such as, cultural issues, buyers experience, cognitive behavior, religious attitude and social networking elements into B2C e-commerce websites.

Kang, Z, Wang, X & Luo, Z 2012, 'Topology Optimization for Static Shape Control of Piezoelectric Plates With Penalization on Intermediate Actuation Voltage', Journal of Mechanical Design, vol. 134, no. 5.
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This paper investigates the simultaneous optimal distribution of structural material and trilevel actuation voltage for static shape control applications. In this optimal design problem, the shape error between the actuated and the desired shapes is chosen as the objective function. The energy and the material volume are taken as constraints in the optimization problem formulation. The discrete-valued optimization problem is relaxed using element-wise continuous design variables representing the relative material density and the actuation voltage level. Artificial interpolation models which relate the mechanical/piezoelectrical properties of the material and the actuation voltage to the design variables are employed. Therein, power-law penalization functions are used to suppress intermediate values of both the material densities and the control voltage. The sensitivity analysis procedure is discussed, and the design variables are optimized by using the method of moving asymptotes (MMA). Finally, numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method. It is shown that the proposed method is able to yield distinct material distribution and to suppress intermediate actuation voltage values as required.

Kang, Z, Xu, K & Luo, Z 2012, 'A numerical study on nonlinear vibration of an inclined cable coupled with the deck in cable-stayed bridges', Journal of Vibration and Control, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 404-416.
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The mechanism and the characteristics of the cable-deck coupled nonlinear vibration in a cable-stayed bridge are studied using numerical methods. A simple three-degrees-of-freedom (d.f.) model, with one independent d.f. for modeling the bridge deck movement, is proposed for describing the nonlinear interactions between the in-plane/out-of-plane vibration of the cable and the oscillation of the bridge deck. The governing equations are discretized with the Galerkin method and then solved with a numerical time integration algorithm. It is pointed out that the periodic variation of cable tension caused by vibration of a bridge deck will lead to the parametric resonance of the stay cable under certain tuning conditions. Numerical results also confirm that energy transfer between different vibration modes and beating phenomenon of the cable-deck vibration may be exhibited in the case of parametric resonance.

Kaniewski, J, Tomamichel, M, Hänggi, E & Wehner, S 2012, 'Secure bit commitment from relativistic constraints', IEEE Trans. on Inf. Theory, vol. 59, no. 7, pp. 4687-4699.
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We investigate two-party cryptographic protocols that are secure under assumptions motivated by physics, namely relativistic assumptions (no-signalling) and quantum mechanics. In particular, we discuss the security of bit commitment in so-called split models, i.e. models in which at least some of the parties are not allowed to communicate during certain phases of the protocol. We find the minimal splits that are necessary to evade the Mayers-Lo-Chau no-go argument and present protocols that achieve security in these split models. Furthermore, we introduce the notion of local versus global command, a subtle issue that arises when the split committer is required to delegate non-communicating agents to open the commitment. We argue that classical protocols are insecure under global command in the split model we consider. On the other hand, we provide a rigorous security proof in the global command model for Kent's quantum protocol [Kent 2011, Unconditionally Secure Bit Commitment by Transmitting Measurement Outcomes]. The proof employs two fundamental principles of modern physics, the no-signalling property of relativity and the uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics.

Kankanamge, K, Kularatna, N & Steyn-Ross, DA 2012, 'Laplace transform-based theoretical foundations and experimental validation: low-frequency supercapacitor circulation for efficiency improvements in linear regulators', IET Power Electronics, vol. 5, no. 9, pp. 1785-1792.
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Kardani, M, Nazem, M, Abbo, AJ, Sheng, D & Sloan, SW 2012, 'Refined h-adaptive finite element procedure for large deformation geotechnical problems', Computational Mechanics, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 21-33.
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Karimi, F, Poo, DCC & Tan, YM 2012, 'Clinicians’ Satisfaction with Clinical Information Systems: A Disconfirmation Paradigm Perspective', Academy of Management Proceedings, vol. 2012, no. 1, pp. 18240-18240.
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Kaur, P, Goyal, ML & Lu, J 2012, 'A Proficient and Dynamic Bidding Agent for Online Auctions.', ADMI, vol. 7607, no. 3, pp. 178-190.
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In an environment of multiple online auctions for same or similar items, the biggest challenge faced by the participants is opting for the best bidding strategies. Deciding which auction to participate in, whether to bid early or late, and how much to bid is very complicated for the bidders. This article presents the design of a data mining–based price forecasting agent (PFA) that makes these decisions on behalf of the bidders. The agent selects an auction to participate in and then predicts its end price for the late bidders based on a clustering, and a bid mapping and selection approach. The experimental results demonstrated improved end price prediction outcomes.

Kedziora, DJ, Abeysuriya, RG, Phillips, AJK & Robinson, PA 2012, 'Physiologically based quantitative modeling of unihemispheric sleep', Journal of Theoretical Biology, vol. 314, pp. 109-119.
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Kedziora, DJ, Ankiewicz, A & Akhmediev, N 2012, 'Second-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation breather solutions in the degenerate and rogue wave limits', Physical Review E, vol. 85, no. 6.
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Keepanasseril, A, Nanjappa, B, Prasad, GV, Saha, SC & Mandal, AK 2012, 'Vesical calculus: An unusual cause of labour dystocia', Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 596-597.
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Kegen Yu & Dutkiewicz, E 2012, 'Geometry and Motion-Based Positioning Algorithms for Mobile Tracking in NLOS Environments', IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 254-263.
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Kent, TF, Yang, J, Yang, L, Mills, MJ & Myers, RC 2012, 'Epitaxial Ferromagnetic Nanoislands of Cubic GdN in Hexagonal GaN', Appl. Phys. lett., vol. 100, p. 152111.
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Periodic structures of GdN particles encapsulated in a single crystalline GaN matrix were prepared by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy. High resolution X-ray diffractometery shows that GdN islands, with rock salt structure are epitaxially oriented to the wurtzite GaN matrix. Scanning transmission electron microscopy combined with in-situ reflection high energy electron diffraction allows for the study of island formation dynamics, which occurs after 1.2 monolayers of GdN coverage. Magnetometry reveals two ferromagnetic phases, one due to GdN particles with Curie temperature of 70K and a second, anomalous room temperature phase.

Keshavarz, R, Movahhedi, M & Abdipour, A 2012, 'A broadband and compact asymmetrical backward coupled-line coupler with high coupling level', AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, vol. 66, no. 7, pp. 569-574.
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Kha, HH, Tuan, HD & Nguyen, HH 2012, 'Fast Global Optimal Power Allocation in Wireless Networks by Local D.C. Programming', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 510-515.
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Power allocations in an interference-limited wireless network for global maximization of the weighted sum throughput or global optimization of the minimum weighted rate among network links are not only important but also very hard optimization problems d

Khalilpour, R & Abbas, A 2012, 'Reply to the Letter to the Editor', AIChE Journal, vol. 58, no. 12, pp. 3929-3929.
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Khalilpour, R & Karimi, IA 2012, 'Evaluation of utilization alternatives for stranded natural gas', ENERGY, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 317-328.
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Options for exporting natural gas from stranded oil and gas fields to markets include pipelines, LNG (liquefied natural gas), CNG (compressed natural gas), GTL (gas to liquids), GTS (gas to solids), and GTW (gas to wire). Thus, the key question is which option is the most robust in ensuring the security of investment over a project life cycle against market fluctuations, trade embargos, political changes, technical advances, etc. Excluding pipelines, LNG, CNG, and GTL have attracted increasing investor attention during the last two decades. Although studies abound on economic comparisons of these processes, a systematic method to address this important problem in the presence of uncertainty seems missing in the literature. This work presents such a method based on decision analysis cycle and considers oil and gas prices as uncertain. Using NPV (net present value) as the decision criterion, it presents the computation of “expected NPV” of each gas utilization alternative to identify the best option. It includes the entire well-to-market supply chain, from extraction, conversion, and transportation, to re-conversion at the target market. Finally, it identifies the sweet spots for LNG, CNG, and GTL alternatives for different reservoir capacities and market distances.

Khalilpour, R, Abbas, A, Lai, Z & Pinnau, I 2012, 'Modeling and parametric analysis of hollow fiber membrane system for carbon capture from multicomponent flue gas', AIChE Journal, vol. 58, no. 5, pp. 1550-1561.
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Khan, I, François, R & Castel, A 2012, 'Structural performance of a 26-year-old corroded reinforced concrete beam', European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, vol. 16, no. 3-4, pp. 440-449.
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Khan, RU, Anderson, CWN, Loganathan, P, Xue, J & Clinton, PW 2012, 'Response of Pinus radiata D. Don to Boron Fertilization in a Glasshouse Study', COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS, vol. 43, no. 10, pp. 1412-1426.
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Limited information is available on the effect of slow-release boron (B) fertilizer on Pinus radiata growth and physiological properties and soil microbiological activities. A 7-month-long pot experiment was carried out under glasshouse conditions to investigate the response of Pinus radiata to different rates (0.0222, 0.0446, 0.089, and 0.178 mg B g-1 soil), equivalent to 0, 4, 8 16, and 32 kg B ha-1 of ulexite, a slow-release B fertilizer. Hot 0.02 M calcium chloride (CaCl2)-extractable soil B, soil dehydrogenase activity, plant B concentration, growth, and photosynthesis were measured at the time of harvest. The B concentrations in the soil and plant organs (needles, stem, and roots) significantly increased with increasing rates of B fertilizer. The optimum B fertilizer rates of 4-8 kg B ha-1 produced the greatest plant growth and net photosynthetic rate. However, the B rates of 16 and 32 kg B ha-1 significantly reduced net photosynthetic rate, and the rate of 32 kg B ha-1 significantly reduced stem diameter growth when compared to the optimum B rates. Soil dehydrogenase activity, an indicator of soil microbiological activities, was significantly reduced by B application at the rates of 16 and 32 kg ha-1. This study confirms the narrow range between B deficiency and toxicity in a tree crop and stresses the need for selection of the optimum rate of B fertilizer application. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

Khawaja, MA, Chen, F & Marcus, N 2012, 'Analysis of Collaborative Communication for Linguistic Cues of Cognitive Load', Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 518-529.
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Objective: Analyses of novel linguistic and grammatical features, extracted from transcribed speech of people working in a collaborative environment, were performed for cognitive load measurement. Background: Prior studies have attempted to assess users’ cognitive load with several measures, but most of them are intrusive and disrupt normal task flow. An effective measurement of people’s cognitive load can help improve their performance by deploying appropriate output and support strategies accordingly. Methods: The authors studied 33 members of bushfire management teams working collaboratively in computerized incident control rooms and involved in complex bushfire management tasks. The participants’ communication was analyzed for some novel linguistic features as potential indices of cognitive load, which included sentence length, use of agreement and disagreement phrases, and use of personal pronouns, including both singular and plural pronoun types. Results: Results showed users’ different linguistic and grammatical patterns with various cognitive load levels. Specifically, with high load, people spoke more and used longer sentences, used more words that indicated disagreement with other team members, and exhibited increased use of plural personal pronouns and decreased use of singular pronouns. Conclusion: The article provides encouraging evidence for the use of linguistic and grammatical analysis for measuring users’ cognitive load and proposes some novel features as cognitive load indices. Application: The proposed approach may be applied to many data-intense and safety-critical task scenarios, such as eme...

Khiadani (Hajian), M, Beecham, S & Kandasamy, J 2012, 'Turbulence measurements in spatially-varied flow with increasing discharge', Journal of Hydraulic Research, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 418-426.
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This experimental study explores the distribution of Reynolds shear stresses and turbulence intensities for a flume receiving lateral inflow via a set of vertical nozzles. The data set allows for developing turbulence models to describe a wider range of

Khodasevych, I, Rowe, WST & Mitchell, A 2012, 'RECONFIGURABLE FISHNET METAMATERIAL USING PNEUMATIC ACTUATION', Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, vol. 38, pp. 57-70.
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Khodasevych, IE, Shah, CM, Sriram, S, Bhaskaran, M, Withayachumnankul, W, Ung, BSY, Lin, H, Rowe, WST, Abbott, D & Mitchell, A 2012, 'Elastomeric silicone substrates for terahertz fishnet metamaterials', Applied Physics Letters, vol. 100, no. 6, pp. 061101-061101.
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In this work, we characterize the electromagnetic properties of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and use this as a free-standing substrate for the realization of flexible fishnet metamaterials at terahertz frequencies. Across the 0.2–2.5 THz band, the refractive index and absorption coefficient of PDMS are estimated as 1.55 and 0–22 cm−1, respectively. Electromagnetic modeling, multi-layer flexible electronics microfabrication, and terahertz time-domain spectroscopy are used in the design, fabrication, and characterization of the metamaterials, respectively. The properties of PDMS add a degree of freedom to terahertz metamaterials, with the potential for tuning by elastic deformation or integrated microfluidics.

Khorsandnia, N, Valipour, HR & Crews, K 2012, 'Experimental and analytical investigation of short-term behaviour of LVL-concrete composite connections and beams', CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 229-238.
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This paper reports the results of experimental push-out tests on three different types of timberconcrete composite (TCC) connections, including normal screw, SFS and bird-mouth. The load-slip diagrams obtained from lab tests are employed to calculate the slip modulus of the connections for serviceability, ultimate and near collapse cases based on Eurocode 5 recommendations. Additionally, four full-scale TCC beams with normal screw, SFS and bird-mouth are constructed and tested under four-point bending within the serviceability load range to verify the slip modulus of connections which derived from the push-out tests. Further, based on the experimental results and using nonlinear regression, an analytical model each one of the connections is derived which can be easily incorporated into nonlinear FE analyses of TCC beams.

Khushaba, RN, Greenacre, L, Kodagoda, S, Louviere, J, Burke, S & Dissanayake, G 2012, 'Choice modeling and the brain: A study on the Electroencephalogram (EEG) of preferences', EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS, vol. 39, no. 16, pp. 12378-12388.
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Choice conjures the idea of a directed selection of a desirable action or object, motivated by internal likes and dislikes, or other such preferences. However, such internal processes are simply the domain of our human physiology. Understanding the physiological processes of decision making across a variety of contexts is a central aim in decision science as it has a great potential to further progress decision research. As a pilot study in this field, this paper explores the nature of decision making by examining the associated brain activity, Electroencephalogram (EEG), of people to understand how the brain responds while undertaking choices designed to elicit the subjects preferences. To facilitate such a study, the Tobii-Studio eye tracker system was utilized to capture the participants choice based preferences when they were observing seventy-two sets of objects. These choice sets were composed of three images offering potential personal computer backgrounds. Choice based preferences were identified by having the respondent click on their preferred one. In addition, a brain computer interface (BCI) represented by the commercial Emotiv EPOC wireless EEG headset with 14 channels was utilized to capture the associated brain activity during the period of the experiments. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was utilized to preprocess the EEG data before analyzing it with the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to observe the changes in the main principal frequency bands, delta (0.54 Hz), theta (47 Hz), alpha (812 Hz), beta (1330 Hz), and gamma (3040 Hz). A mutual information (MI) measure was then used to study left-to-right hemisphere differences as well as front-to-back difference.

Khushaba, RN, Kodagoda, S, Takruri, M & Dissanayake, G 2012, 'Toward improved control of prosthetic fingers using surface electromyogram (EMG) signals', EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS, vol. 39, no. 12, pp. 10731-10738.
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A fundamental component of many modern prostheses is the myoelectric control system, which uses the electromyogram (EMG) signals from an individual's muscles to control the prosthesis movements. Despite the extensive research focus on the myoelectric con

Ki, SK & Lu, DDC 2012, 'Extension of minimum separable switching configuration modelling to single-stage AC/DC converters with direct power transfer', IET Power Electronics, vol. 5, no. 7, pp. 1154-1163.
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Kia, MB, Pirasteh, S, Pradhan, B, Mahmud, AR, Sulaiman, WNA & Moradi, A 2012, 'An artificial neural network model for flood simulation using GIS: Johor River Basin, Malaysia', Environmental Earth Sciences, vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 251-264.
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Kim, C, Lee, S, Shon, HK, Elimelech, M & Hong, S 2012, 'Boron transport in forward osmosis: Measurements, mechanisms, and comparison with reverse osmosis', Journal of Membrane Science, vol. 419-420, pp. 42-48.
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The physical and chemical factors affecting boron solute flux behavior and membrane transport mechanisms in forward osmosis (FO) have been systematically investigated. Boron solute flux behavior in FO was further compared with that in reverse osmosis (RO) by employing identical plate-and-frame cells and membranes under the same filtration conditions. The influence of draw solution pH, draw solution type, and membrane orientation on boron solute flux was examined for FO, and the effects of water flux, cross-flow velocity, feed water boron concentration, and solution pH on boron solute flux were examined for both FO and RO. Results show that reverse salt diffusion, a unique feature of FO, is a key mechanism governing boron solute flux in FO. Boron solute flux through the FO membrane was inversely proportional to the degree of reverse salt diffusion by draw solution. The higher boron rejection observed in FO compared to RO is also attributed to reverse salt diffusion in FO. It is also shown that membrane orientation in FO plays an important role, affecting boron solute flux due to different degrees of internal concentration polarization. In both FO and RO, boron solute flux increased with increasing water flux. However, the influence of water flux on boron solute flux was less significant in FO than RO. Furthermore, boron solute flux decreased with increasing feed water pH due to the conversion of the neutral boric acid to borate anions. The findings provide new insight in to the mechanisms and factors controlling boron solute transport in FO.

Kim, J, Yoshizawa, S & Miyanaga, Y 2012, 'Variable wordlength soft-decision Viterbi decoder for power-efficient wireless LAN', Integration, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 132-140.
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Kirchner, N & Alempijevic, A 2012, 'A Robot Centric Perspective on the HRI Paradigm', Journal of Human-Robot Interaction, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 135-157.
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The industrial revolution undoubtedly defined the role of machines in our society, and it directly shaped the paradigm for human machine interaction - a paradigm which was inherited by the field of Human Robot Interaction (HRI) as the machines became robots. This paper argues that, for a foreseeable set of interactions, reshaping this paradigm would result in more effective and more often successful interactions. This paper presents our Robot Centric paradigm for HRI. Evidence in the form of summaries of relevant literature and our past efforts in developing social-robotics enabling technology is presented to support our paradigm. A definition and a set of recommendations for designing the key enabling component, sociocontextual cues, of our paradigm are presented. Finally, empirical evidence generated through a number of experiments and field studies (N = 456 and N = 320) demonstrates our paradigm is both feasibly incorporated into HRI and moreover, yields significant contributions to the successfulness of a set of HRIs.

Kong, X, Liu, L & Tran, TP 2012, 'A cost-effective system design approach for vehicle positioning using GNSS/INS integration', International Journal of Vehicle Safety, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 28-28.
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This paper presents a system design approach for vehicle positioning systems. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and inertial sensors are major positioning measurements used in this approach. A number of phases are designed in this approach including: system architecture design using an estimator, GNSS error modeling, estimator low level design, simulation and experiment design, frequency domain simulation, time domain experiment, sensor selection and deployment decision making. This approach enables to model GNSS errors from end user's view point, and choose low cost inertial sensors to meet positioning system requirements using a new sensor selection criterion.

Krueger, T, Page, T, Smith, L & Voinov, A 2012, 'A guide to expert opinion in environmental modelling and management', Environmental Modelling & Software, vol. 36, pp. 1-3.
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Kumar, A, Rastogi, V, Agrawal, A & Rahman, BMA 2012, 'Birefringence analysis of segmented cladding fiber', Applied Optics, vol. 51, no. 15, pp. 3104-3104.
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Kus, B, Johir, M, Kandasamy, J, Vigneswaran, S, Shon, H-Y, Sleigh, R & Moody, G 2012, 'Performance of granular medium filtration and membrane filtration in treating stormwater for harvesting and reuse', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 45, no. 1-3, pp. 120-127.
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This paper discusses laboratory scale and pilot scale treatment systems used to in treat water from a stormwater canal in Carlton, Sydney. The laboratory scale pre-treatment systems investigated included flocculation, GAC filtration and fibre filter prior to laboratory scale steriflow stainless steel membrane filter. The results showed that these pre-treatments improved the quality of the filtrate as measured by the turbidity and TOC removal effi ciency. The use of pre-treatment improved the TOC removal efficiency from 10% to 90%. Among the three pretreatment methods, GAC filter resulted in the highest TOC removal efficiency (88%). Pilot scale experiments were also carried out using stainless steel membrane filtration and GAC filtration at Carlton, Sydney. Pilot scale experiments showed that the Steri-Flow membrane filter treatment without any pre-treatment achieved an effluent fi ltrate turbidity of between 0.79â0.99 NTU which were well below the 5 NTU ADWG (2004) limit [1]. The influent raw stormwater had generally low concentrations of heavy metals. Following membrane filtration the concentration of all heavy metals were reduced to very low levels and well within the ADWG (2004) [1] limits. The membrane fi lter could not remove TOC in significant amounts. GAC adsorption used as post-treatment following Steri-flow membrane treatment effectively reduced the TOC influent feed levels. GAC filtration of stormwater provided a 70% removal of organics. It removed all types of organic. The GAC filter did not provide any further improvement to the turbidity level or heavy metal concentration following treatment with the Steri-flow membrane system.

Kus, B, Kandasamy, J, Vigneswaran, S, Shon, H & Moody, G 2012, 'Two stage filtration for stormwater treatment: a pilot scale study', Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 45, no. 1-3, pp. 361-369.
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This paper presents the results of the granular medium filter and membrane (Ultra Flo membrane) filter experiments conducted with raw stormwater collected from a stormwater canal at Carlton, in Sydney. The filter medium experimented were granular activat

Kutay, C, Mooney, J, Riley, L & Howard-Wagner, D 2012, 'Experiencing Indigenous Knowledge Online as a Community Narrative', The Australian Journal of Indigenous Education, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 47-59.
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This article explores a project at the Koori Centre, University of Sydney, funded by the Australian Learning and Teaching Council (ALTC) in 2011, titled ‘Indigenous On-Line Cultural Teaching and Sharing’. One of the team members (Kutay) was also a project team member on the ALTC-funded project ‘Exploring PBL in Indigenous Australian Studies’, which has developed a teaching and learning process (PEARL) for Indigenous Australian studies. In this article, we present the ‘Indigenous On-Line Cultural Teaching and Sharing’ project as an exemplar of this teaching process. The project turns a highly successful interactive kinship workshop into an interactive online experience for all students and staff of the University of Sydney. The project is developing a sharing portal for Aboriginal people in New South Wales (NSW) to incorporate their stories and experiences of cultural, historical and educational issues within a knowledge-sharing workshop. The site will use voices of Aboriginal participants to express the knowledge of their culture in a comparative and affirmative context. An interface for uploading audio and video has been generated to combine example stories from different perspectives. The interactive kinship workshop and Aboriginal voices will then be used in an online game, embedding Aboriginal knowledge and values within different professional learning contexts, such as law, social policy, health, and education.

Lai, H-Y, Liao, L-D, Lin, C-T, Hsu, J-H, He, X, Chen, Y-Y, Chang, J-Y, Chen, H-F, Tsang, S & Shih, Y-YI 2012, 'Design, simulation and experimental validation of a novel flexible neural probe for deep brain stimulation and multichannel recording', Journal of Neural Engineering, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 036001-036001.
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Lai, JCY, Leung, FHF, Ling, SH & Shi, EC 2012, 'An Improved Differential Evolution and Its Industrial Application', Journal of Intelligent Learning Systems and Applications, vol. 04, no. 02, pp. 81-97.
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In this paper, an improved Differential Evolution (DE) that incorporates double wavelet-based operations is proposed to solve the Economic Load Dispatch (ELD) problem. The double wavelet mutations are applied in order to enhance DE in exploring the solution space more effectively for better solution quality and stability. The first stage of wavelet operation is embedded in the DE mutation operation, in which the scaling factor is governed by a wavelet function. In the second stage, a wavelet-based mutation operation is embedded in the DE crossover operation. The trial population vectors are modified by the wavelet function. A suite of benchmark test functions is employed to evaluate the performance of the proposed DE in different problems. The result shows empirically that the proposed method out-performs signifycantly the conventional methods in terms of convergence speed, solution quality and solution stability. Then the proposed method is applied to the Economic Load Dispatch with Valve-Point Loading (ELD-VPL) problem, which is a process to share the power demand among the online generators in a power system for minimum fuel cost. Two different conditions of the ELD problem have been tested in this paper. It is observed that the proposed method gives satisfactory optimal costs when compared with the other techniques in the literature

Laird, J, Geers, DG, Wang, Y & Chou, CT 2012, 'Modeling Impact of Sensor Placement for Vision-Based Traffic Monitoring', Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, vol. 2315, no. 1, pp. 110-120.
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A generic sensor placement model for vision-based traffic monitoring is the focus of this study. A significant problem with such sensors is the difficulty in detection because of the occlusion between vehicles. Thus, the efficiency of traffic monitoring can be directly affected by sensor placement. To simulate various traffic flows, models are developed for various aspects of moving traffic. Such models include Gaussian mixture distributions for vehicle dimensions and the distribution for gap length between vehicles. These models are used to predict the vehicle detection error in a traffic flow as perceived from various sensor locations when vehicle headlight detection methods are used. Validation of the model has shown that accuracy is consistent with performance from a vehicle detection framework with approximately 3% variance on average.

Lambert, M & Kennedy, P 2012, 'Using Artificial Intelligence to Build with Unprocessed Rock', Key Engineering Materials, vol. 517, pp. 939-945.
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Unprocessed rock is a massive resource of very cheap building material with very low embodied energy. However, it is highly underutilised due to the difficulty of dealing with irregular shaped blocks. We have developed a novel software application using the artificial intelligence methods of search and optimisation to simulate building three-dimensional structures in a virtual world. The aim of our software is to help builders solve the 3-dimensional jigsaw puzzle of building with rock rubble with an emphasis on its potential use for building sustainable housing and infrastructure. This paper describes our approach and the design of our software including an overview of the rock digitising, optimisation software and building methods. We present simulation results of building and testing several small drystone structures using the prototype software.

Lammers, T, Kersten, W & Grussenmeyer, R 2012, 'Current Approaches in Complexity Management – Practical and Theoretical Implications for Distribution Networks', Research in Logistics & Production, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 55-68.
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In the up to date competition, the optimal degree of complexity severely influences the success of distribution networks and therefore the success of the entire company. Nevertheless, it seems that up to now, limited research has been done on distribution network complexity. Therefore, this paper deals with current theoretical and practical approaches of complexity management in distribution networks. Methodologically, first an in-depth literature review is conducted, highlighting the existing complexity handling tools in different areas. Since this analysis shows that no approach specifically copes with the requirements of distribution networks, exploratory expert interviews are carried out. Comparing the findings shows that neither literature, nor industrial practice investigate or institutionalize complexity management in distribution networks. Thus, this paper provides opportunities to close this gap. On the one hand, a framework which can be used to elaborate suitable complexity management strategies for distribution networks is presented. On the other hand, the relevant areas of distribution networks are narrowed down in order to create a basis for developing a comprehensive method for complexity management in distribution systems.

Law, Y, Ni, B-J, Lant, P & Yuan, Z 2012, 'N2O production rate of an enriched ammonia-oxidising bacteria culture exponentially correlates to its ammonia oxidation rate', Water Research, vol. 46, no. 10, pp. 3409-3419.
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Le, TM, Fatahi, B & Khabbaz, H 2012, 'Viscous Behaviour of Soft Clay and Inducing Factors', Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 1069-1083.
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As a result of the scarcity of land for construction, a number of projects to construct manmade islands or to expand lands over soft grounds keeps increasing. Creep behaviour of soft ground has been considered as a challenging issue for engineers and researchers for many years. A number of studies have focused on the method to predict the creep deformation of the ground under a construction site. However, there is no unified theory to clearly explain the mechanism of soil creep deformation of soils. Results of the critical review in this paper indicate that the causes of soil creep can be categorised into five main groups, namely (a) the breakdown of the interparticle bonds, (b) sliding between the soil particles, (c) water flow from micro-pores to macro-pores (d) the deformation due to the structural viscosity and (e) the deformation due to the jumping of bonds. This paper presents these mechanisms in details with an effort to recommend an enhanced explanation for the creep compression mechanisms of clays.

Lee, CY, Lin, CT, Hong, CT & Su, MT 2012, 'Smoke detection using spatial and temporal analyses', International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information and Control, vol. 8, no. 7 A, pp. 4749-4770.
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Video-based fire detection is currently a fairly common application with the growth in the number of installed surveillance video systems. Moreover, the related processing units are becoming more powerful. Smoke is an early sign of most fires; therefore, selecting an appropriate smoke-detection method is essential. However, detecting smoke without creating a false alarm remains a challenging problem for open or large spaces with the disturbances of common moving objects, such as pedestrians and vehicles. This study proposes a novel video-based smoke-detection method that can be incorpora,ted into a surveillance system to provide early alerts. In this study, the process of extracting smoke features from Candidate regions was accomplished by analyzing the spatial and temporal characteristics of video sequences for three important features: edge blurring, gradual energy changes, and gradual chromatic configuration changes. The proposed spatial-temporal analysis technique improves the feature extraction of gradual energy changes. In order to make the video smoke-detection results more reliable, these three features were combined using a support vector machine (SVM) technique and a temporal-based alarm decision unit (ADU) was also introduced. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm was evaluated on a PC with an Intel® Core™ 2 Duo CPU (2.2 GHz) and 2 GB RAM. The average processing time was 32.27 ms per frame; i.e., the proposed algorithm can process 30.98 frames per second. Experimental results showed that the proposed system can detect smoke effectively with a low false-alarm rate and a short reaction time in many real-world scenarios. © ICIC International 2012.

Lee, JH, Zhou, JL, Lee, Y, Oh, S-Y & Kim, SD 2012, 'Changes in the sorption and rate of 17β-estradiol biodegradation by dissolved organic matter collected from different water sources', J. Environ. Monit., vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 543-551.
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The potential biodegradation and subsequent transformation of 17ß-estradiol (E2) to estrone (E1) were examined in the presence of various dissolved organic matter (DOM) isolated from effluent, river and lake waters. In addition, estrogenicity was estimated in association with the removal of E2 via its sorption onto DOM and biodegradation. The more biodegradable lake-derived DOM promoted more extensive transformation of E2 into E1 than the effluent organic matter through a biodegradation process. Overall, under all conditions, biodegradation dominated the removal of E2 in water. The increased dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in river and lake-derived DOM (e.g. 6.5 mg C L(-1)) reduced the removal of E2 by decreasing its biodegradation due to the moderate sorption of E2 onto DOM. The effluent organic matter showed greater removal of E2 via biodegradation, as well as significantly high sorption. This was associated with a large amount of hydrophobic fulvic acid (FA)- and humic acid (HA)-like organic components, as shown by the small increase in the specific UV absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA(254)). An increase in the DOC concentration reduced the removal of E2, resulting in high estrogenicity. The present study suggests that both organic composition and DOC concentration influenced the removal of E2 and, therefore, should be fully considered when assessing estrogenicity and its impacts on the aquatic environment.

Lee, T, Magniez, F & Santha, M 2012, 'Improved Quantum Query Algorithms for Triangle Finding and Associativity Testing', Algorithmica, vol. 77, no. 2, pp. 459-486.
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We show that the quantum query complexity of detecting if an $n$-vertex graph contains a triangle is $O(n^{9/7})$. This improves the previous best algorithm of Belovs making $O(n^{35/27})$ queries. For the problem of determining if an operation $\circ : S \times S \rightarrow S$ is associative, we give an algorithm making $O(|S|^{10/7})$ queries, the first improvement to the trivial $O(|S|^{3/2})$ application of Grover search. Our algorithms are designed using the learning graph framework of Belovs. We give a family of algorithms for detecting constant-sized subgraphs, which can possibly be directed and colored. These algorithms are designed in a simple high-level language; our main theorem shows how this high-level language can be compiled as a learning graph and gives the resulting complexity. The key idea to our improvements is to allow more freedom in the parameters of the database kept by the algorithm. As in our previous work, the edge slots maintained in the database are specified by a graph whose edges are the union of regular bipartite graphs, the overall structure of which mimics that of the graph of the certificate. By allowing these bipartite graphs to be unbalanced and of variable degree we obtain better algorithms.

Leong, KY, Saidur, R, Mahlia, TMI & Yau, YH 2012, 'Entropy generation analysis of nanofluid flow in a circular tube subjected to constant wall temperature', International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 39, no. 8, pp. 1169-1175.
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Leong, KY, Saidur, R, Mahlia, TMI & Yau, YH 2012, 'Modeling of shell and tube heat recovery exchanger operated with nanofluid based coolants', International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 808-816.
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Leong, KY, Saidur, R, Mahlia, TMI & Yau, YH 2012, 'Performance investigation of nanofluids as working fluid in a thermosyphon air preheater', International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 523-529.
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Leong, TW, Vetere, F & Howard, S 2012, 'Experiencing Coincidence during Digital Music Listening', ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER-HUMAN INTERACTION, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 1-19.
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People have reported encountering coincidences when using particular technologies to interact with personal digital content. However, to date, there is a paucity of research to understand these experiences. This article applies McCarthy and Wright's [2004; 2005] experiential framework to analyze these kinds of technologymediated coincidences. By focusing upon encounters of coincidence during people's digitalmusic listening, we identified the elements at play, elucidated the properties of the individual elements, their inter-relationships, and an understanding of how coincidences can arise. We also reveal how, under particular conditions, such elements provide people with opportunities to encounter coincidence. This understanding of coincidence demonstrates how McCarthy and Wright's [2004; 2005] framework can be usefully applied to an empirical investigation of user experience. © 2012 ACM.

Leveaux, R 2012, '2012 Olympic Games Decision Making Technologies for Taekwondo Competition', Communications of the IBIMA, vol. 2012, pp. 1-8.
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Leading up to the 2012 Olympic Games the demands for transparency and correctness in referee decision making in the sport of Taekwondo increased dramatically to the extent where differing technologies were implemented for the first time at the Olympic level in London. This post Olympic research examines the impacts of those technologies on one sector of the sport's stakeholders. The study was conducted through discussion groups and interviews with elite level international referees (n=31). The findings present that via the diligent use and application of the technologies, provided mechanisms to greatly improve the correctness of decisions by being an effective aid to the decision making process, which contributed to the success of the event.

Li, C, Ma, T, Sun, L, Li, W & Zheng, A 2012, 'Application and verification of a fractal approach to landslide susceptibility mapping', Natural Hazards, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 169-185.
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Li, CH, Ho, HH, Liu, YL, Lin, CT, Kuo, BC & Taur, JS 2012, 'An automatic method for selecting the parameter of the normalized kernel function to support vector machines', Journal of Information Science and Engineering, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 1-15.
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Soft-margin support vector machine (SVM) is one of the most powerful techniques for supervised classification. However, the performances of SVMs are based on choosing the proper kernel functions or proper parameters of a kernel function. It is extremely time consuming by applying the k-fold cross-validation (CV) to choose the almost best parameter. Nevertheless, the searching range and fineness of the grid method should be determined in advance. In this paper, an automatic method for selecting the parameter of the normalized kernel function is proposed. In the experimental results, it costs very little time than k-fold cross-validation for selecting the parameter by our proposed method. Moreover, the corresponding soft-margin SVMs can obtain more accurate or at least equal performance than the soft-margin SVMs by applying k-fold cross-validation to determine the parameters.

Li, C-H, Kuo, B-C, Lin, C-T & Huang, C-S 2012, 'A Spatial–Contextual Support Vector Machine for Remotely Sensed Image Classification', IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 784-799.
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Recent studies show that hyperspectral image classification techniques that use both spectral and spatial information are more suitable, effective, and robust than those that use only spectral information. Using a spatial-contextual term, this study modifies the decision function and constraints of a support vector machine (SVM) and proposes two kinds of spatial-contextual SVMs for hyperspectral image classification. One machine, which is based on the concept of Markov random fields (MRFs), uses the spatial information in the original space (SCSVM). The other machine uses the spatial information in the feature space (SCSVMF), i.e., the nearest neighbors in the feature space. The SCSVM is better able to classify pixels of different class labels with similar spectral values and deal with data that have no clear numerical interpretation. To evaluate the effectiveness of SCSVM, the experiments in this study compare the performances of other classifiers: an SVM, a context-sensitive semisupervised SVM, a maximum likelihood (ML) classifier, a Bayesian contextual classifier based on MRFs (ML_MRF), and k nearest neighbor classifier. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves good classification performance on famous hyperspectral images (the Indian Pine site (IPS) and the Washington, DC mall data sets). The overall classification accuracy of the hyperspectral image of the IPS data set with 16 classes is 95.5%. The kappa accuracy is up to 94.9%, and the average accuracy of each class is up to 94.2%.

Li, D-L, Prasad, M, Hsu, S-C, Hong, C-T & Lin, C-T 2012, 'Face recognition using nonparametric-weighted Fisherfaces', EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, vol. 2012, no. 1.
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Abstract This study presents an appearance-based face recognition scheme called the nonparametric-weighted Fisherfaces (NW-Fisherfaces). Pixels in a facial image are considered as coordinates in a high-dimensional space and are transformed into a face subspace for analysis by using nonparametric-weighted feature extraction (NWFE). According to previous studies of hyperspectral image classification, NWFE is a powerful tool for extracting hyperspectral image features. The Fisherfaces method maximizes the ratio of between-class scatter to that of within-class scatter. In this study, the proposed NW-Fisherfaces weighted the between-class scatter to emphasize the boundary structure of the transformed face subspace and, therefore, enhances the separability for different persons' face. The proposed NW-Fisherfaces was compared with Orthogonal Laplacianfaces, Eigenfaces, Fisherfaces, direct linear discriminant analysis, and null space linear discriminant analysis methods for tests on five facial databases. Experimental results showed that the proposed approach outperforms other feature extraction methods for most databases.

Li, H, Jiang, Z & Wei, D 2012, 'Crystal Plasticity Finite Modelling of 3D Surface Asperity Flattening in Uniaxial Planar Compression', Tribology Letters, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 101-112.
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Rate-dependent crystal plasticity constitutive model has been employed into finite element software ABAQUS to simulate surface asperity flattening in uniaxial planar compression. Measured textures and surface roughness are introduced into the 3D surface roughness model. The calculated results show a good agreement with the experimental results. With an increase of reduction, the surface asperity flattening tends to increase, and Goss texture {011} aOE (c) 100 > and brass component {110} aOE (c) 112 > become stronger, whilst the cubic texture {001} aOE (c) 100 > becomes weaker. If the reduction reaches 40%, Schmid in-grain shear band appears and the strain localisation starts. The evolution of surface feature (roughness) shows the obvious sensitivity on the orientation {111} of near-top surface.

Li, J & Tao, D 2012, 'On Preserving Original Variables in Bayesian PCA With Application to Image Analysis.', IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 21, no. 12, pp. 4830-4843.
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Principal component analysis (PCA) computes a succinct data representation by converting the data to a few new variables while retaining maximum variation. However, the new variables are dif?cult to interpret, because each one is combined with all of the original input variables and has obscure semantics. Under the umbrella of Bayesian data analysis, this paper presents a new prior to explicitly regularize combinations of input variables. In particular, the prior penalizes pair-wise products of the coef?cients of PCA and encourages a sparse model. Compared to the commonly used 1 -regularizer, the proposed prior encourages the sparsity pattern in the resultant coef?cients to be consistent with the intrinsic groups in the original input variables. Moreover, the proposed prior can be explained as recovering a robust estimation of the covariance matrix for PCA. The proposed model is suited for analyzing visual data, where it encourages the output variables to correspond to meaningful parts in the data. We demonstrate the characteristics and effectiveness of the proposed technique through experiments on both synthetic and real data.

Li, J, Subhani, M & Samali, B 2012, 'Determination of Embedment Depth of Timber Poles and Piles Using Wavelet Transform', Advances in Structural Engineering, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 759-770.
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This paper presents an investigation on the wave propagation in timber poles with Wavelet Transform (WT) analysis for identification of the condition and underground depth of embedded timber poles in service. Most of non-destructive testing (NDT) applications for timber poles using wave-based methods consider only single wave mode and no dispersion. However, for wave propagations in timber poles (damaged/undamaged), such simplification may not be correct, especially for broad band excitation using impulse impact. To investigate the problem, a 5m timber pole was investigated numerically and experimentally. A dispersion curve is generated from the numerical results to provide guidance on the velocity and wave mode selection. Continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is applied on the same signal to verify the presence of modes and to process data from experimental testing. The results are presented in both time domain and time-frequency domain for comparison. The results of the investigation showed that, wavelet transform analysis can be a reliable signal processing tool for NDT in terms of condition and embedment length determination.

Li, J, Tao, D & Li, X 2012, 'A probabilistic model for image representation via multiple patterns.', Pattern Recognit., vol. 45, no. 11, pp. 4044-4053.
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For image analysis, an important extension to principal component analysis (PCA) is to treat an image as multiple samples, which helps alleviate the small sample size problem. Various schemes of transforming an image to multiple samples have been proposed. Although having been shown effective in practice, the schemes are mainly based on heuristics and experience. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic PCA model, in which we explicitly represent the transformation scheme and incorporate the scheme as a stochastic component of the model. Therefore fitting the model automatically learns the transformation. Moreover, the learned model allows us to distinguish regions that can be well described by the PCA model from those that need further treatment. Experiments on synthetic images and face data sets demonstrate the properties and utility of the proposed model

Li, L & Feng, Y 2012, 'On hybrid models of quantum finite automata', Journal of Computer and System Sciences, vol. 81, no. 7, pp. 1144-1158.
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In the literature, there exist several quantum finite automata (QFA) models with both quantum and classical states. These models are of particular interest,as they show praiseworthy advantages over the fully quantum models in some nontrivial aspects. This paper characterizes these models in a uniform framework by proposing a general hybrid model consisting of a quantum component and a classical one which can interact with each other. The existing hybrid QFA can be naturally regarded as the general model with specific communication patterns (classical-quantum, quantum-classical, and two-way, respectively). We further clarify the relationship between these hybrid QFA and some other quantum models. In particular, it is shown that hybrid QFA can be simulated exactly by QFA with quantum operations, which in turn has a close relationship with two early proposed models: {\it ancialla QFA} and {\it quantum sequential machines}.

Li, L, Zhong, L, Xu, G & Kitsuregawa, M 2012, 'A feature-free search query classification approach using semantic distance', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 39, no. 12, pp. 10739-10748.
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When classifying search queries into a set of target categories, machine learning based conventional approaches usually make use of external sources of information to obtain additional features for search queries and training data for target categories. Unfortunately, these approaches rely on large amount of training data for high classification precision. Moreover, they are known to suffer from inability to adapt to different target categories which may be caused by the dynamic changes observed in both Web topic taxonomy and Web content. In this paper, we propose a feature-free classification approach using semantic distance. We analyze queries and categories themselves and utilizes the number of Web pages containing both a query and a category as a semantic distance to determine their similarity. The most attractive feature of our approach is that it only utilizes the Web page counts estimated by a search engine to provide the search query classification with respectable accuracy. In addition, it can be easily adaptive to the changes in the target categories, since machine learning based approaches require extensive updating process, e.g., re-labeling outdated training data, re-training classifiers, to name a few, which is time consuming and high-cost. We conduct experimental study on the effectiveness of our approach using a set of rank measures and show that our approach performs competitively to some popular state-of-the-art solutions which, however, frequently use external sources and are inherently insufficient in flexibility.

Li, S, Tsang, IW & Chaudhari, NS 2012, 'Relevance vector machine based infinite decision agent ensemble learning for credit risk analysis', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 4947-4953.
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Li, S-Y, Yang, C-H, Lin, C-T, Ko, L-W & Chiu, T-T 2012, 'Adaptive synchronization of chaotic systems with unknown parameters via new backstepping strategy', Nonlinear Dynamics, vol. 70, no. 3, pp. 2129-2143.
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Li, W, Xiao, J & Yuan, J 2012, 'Stress distribution characteristics of modeled recycled aggregate concrete under uniaxial compression', Tongji Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Tongji University, vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 906-913.
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Based on the mechanical properties of each material phase in recycled aggregate concrete (RAC), a two-dimensional modeled RAC was built, and the stress distribution characteristics of the modeled RAC under uniaxial compressive were obtained by meso-level numerical analysis. A parametric analysis was conducted to investigate the sensitivity of the stress distribution of the modeled RAC, which focused on different mechanical parameters of natural aggregate, interfacial transition zone (ITZ) and old hardened mortar. Results show that a concentration of tensile stress and shear stress produces at new and old interfacial transition zones between the natural aggregates. The higher elastic modulus of natural aggregates are, the higher the magnitude of stress concentration is, and the higher elastic modulus of the interfacial transition are, the lower the magnitude of stress concentration is. Whereas the effects of the elastic modulus of old hardened mortar on stress concentration are not evident.

Li, W, Xiao, J, Sun, Z & Shah, SP 2012, 'Failure processes of modeled recycled aggregate concrete under uniaxial compression', Cement and Concrete Composites, vol. 34, no. 10, pp. 1149-1158.
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In order to investigate the failure processes of Recycled Aggregate Concrete (RAC), cracking behavior of modeled RAC specimens under compressive loading was investigated using Digital Image Correlation (DIC). Strain and displacement contour maps were produced to analyze the cracks' initiation and propagation during loading. The testing results indicate that the discrepancy between the elastic moduli of coarse aggregates and mortar matrix significantly influences the mechanical properties and crack patterns of the modeled materials. It is found that the failure process is related to the relative strength of coarse aggregate and mortar matrix. For modeled RAC, the first bond cracks appear around both the old and new interfacial transition zones (ITZ), and then propagate into the old and new mortar matrix by connecting each other. The observation implies that the initiations and propagations of microcracks are different between RAC and Natural Aggregate Concrete (NAC). The findings in this investigation are useful to improve the mechanical properties of RAC by optimizing the mix proportion. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Li, W, Xiao, J, Sun, Z, Kawashima, S & Shah, SP 2012, 'Interfacial transition zones in recycled aggregate concrete with different mixing approaches', Construction and Building Materials, vol. 35, pp. 1045-1055.
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Li, Y & Li, J 2012, 'Disease gene identification by random walk on multigraphs merging heterogeneous genomic and phenotype data', BMC Genomics, vol. 13, no. Suppl 7, pp. S27-S27.
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Background High throughput experiments resulted in many genomic datasets and hundreds of candidate disease genes. To discover the real disease genes from a set of candidate genes, computational methods have been proposed and worked on various types of genomic data sources. As a single source of genomic data is prone of bias, incompleteness and noise, integration of different genomic data sources is highly demanded to accomplish reliable disease gene identification. Results In contrast to the commonly adapted data integration approach which integrates separate lists of candidate genes derived from the each single data sources, we merge various genomic networks into a multigraph which is capable of connecting multiple edges between a pair of nodes. This novel approach provides a data platform with strong noise tolerance to prioritize the disease genes. A new idea of random walk is then developed to work on multigraphs using a modified step to calculate the transition matrix. Our method is further enhanced to deal with heterogeneous data types by allowing cross-walk between phenotype and gene networks. Compared on benchmark datasets, our method is shown to be more accurate than the state-of-the-art methods in disease gene identification. We also conducted a case study to identify disease genes for Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. Some of the newly identified disease genes are supported by recently published literature.

Li, Y, Esselle, KP & Zhang, L 2012, 'A Coupled-Field Expansion Method for Single-Layer and Multilayer Planar Periodic Structures', International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, vol. 2012, pp. 1-16.
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A new, rigorous, field-based, seminumerical analysis method is presented to obtain the reflection and transmission coefficients of 2D planar periodic structures with arbitrarily shaped metallization patterns for both normal and oblique incidence conditions. It is useful for the analysis, design, and optimization of many single-layer and multilayer planar structures, such as frequency-selective surfaces (FSSs), artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) surfaces, electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures, some metamaterials and high-impedance surfaces. In this coupled-field expansion method (CFEM), thex- andy-components of the vector magnetic potential in each homogeneous region in a unit cell are expanded in terms of Bloch-Floquet modes and the solution to the coupled-field problem is formulated. The unique, analytical formulation presented here leads to a linear system with reasonably simple matrix elements. By cascading the matrices representing each interface, multilayer periodic structures are analyzed in a very flexible way. Being field based, CFEM does not require substrate Green's functions to analyze surfaces printed on dielectric substrates. The method was validated by analyzing one single-layer periodic surface (a printed AMC on a dielectric substrate) and one multilayer periodic surface (a circular polarizer) and comparing CFEM results with HFSS results.

Li, Y, Yang, Q, An, J, Zhao, Z & Zhu, J 2012, 'Three dimensional magnetic properties measurement of soft magnetic composite materials', Diangong Jishu Xuebao/Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, vol. 27, no. 9, pp. 160-165.
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It is difficult for conventional one dimensional (1D) and 2D testing methods to analyze the magnetic properties of the magnetic materials comprehensively. A novel 3D magnetic properties testing method is studied in this paper, which can help to understand the magnetization process and analyze the core loss accurately. A 3D magnetic property tester was designed and 3D rotational magnetic properties measurement of the soft magnetic composite (SMC) materials under rotational excitations were carried out. Calibration and compensation of the novel B-H sensing coils and accurate calculation of the B and H vectors were also analyzed in detail. According to the experimental results, 3D magnetic hysteresis properties and core loss features are analyzed and discussed.

Li, Z, He, Y, Cao, L, Wong, L & Li, J 2012, 'Conservation of water molecules in protein binding interfaces', International Journal of Bioinformatics Research and Applications, vol. 8, no. 3/4, pp. 228-228.
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The conservation of interfacial water molecules has only been studied in small data sets consisting of interfaces of a specific function. So far, no general conclusions have been drawn from largescale analysis, due to the challenges of using structural alignment in large data sets. To avoid using structural alignment, we propose a solvated sequence method to analyse water conservation properties in protein interfaces. We first use water information to label the residues, and then align interfacial residues in a fashion similar to normal sequence alignment. Our results show that, for a watercontacting interfacial residue, substituting it into hydrophobic residues tends to desolvate the local area. Surprisingly, residues with short side chains also tend not to lose their contacting water, emphasising the role of water in shaping binding sites. Deeply buried water molecules are found more conserved in terms of their contacts with interfacial residues

Li, Z, He, Y, Wong, L & Li, J 2012, 'Progressive dry-core-wet-rim hydration trend in a nested-ring topology of protein binding interfaces', BMC BIOINFORMATICS, vol. 13.
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Background Water is an integral part of protein complexes. It shapes protein binding sites by filling cavities and it bridges local contacts by hydrogen bonds. However, water molecules are usually not included in protein interface models in the past, and few distribution profiles of water molecules in protein binding interfaces are known. Results In this work, we use a tripartite protein-water-protein interface model and a nested-ring atom re-organization method to detect hydration trends and patterns from an interface data set which involves immobilized interfacial water molecules. This data set consists of 206 obligate interfaces, 160 non-obligate interfaces, and 522 crystal packing contacts. The two types of biological interfaces are found to be drier than the crystal packing interfaces in our data, agreeable to a hydration pattern reported earlier although the previous definition of immobilized water is pure distance-based. The biological interfaces in our data set are also found to be subject to stronger water exclusion in their formation. To study the overall hydration trend in protein binding interfaces, atoms at the same burial level in each tripartite protein-water-protein interface are organized into a ring. The rings of an interface are then ordered with the core atoms placed at the middle of the structure to form a nested-ring topology. We find that water molecules on the rings of an interface are generally configured in a dry-core-wet-rim pattern with a progressive level-wise solvation towards to the rim of the interface. This solvation trend becomes even sharper when counterexamples are separated.

Li, Z, Wu, C, Olayiwola, JN, Hilaire, DS & Huang, JJ 2012, 'Telemedicine-based digital retinal imaging vs standard ophthalmologic evaluation for the assessment of diabetic retinopathy.', Conn Med, vol. 76, no. 2, pp. 85-90.
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OBJECTIVE: To study the cost benefit analysis of using a telemedicine-based digital retinal imaging evaluation compared to conventional ophthalmologic fundus examination of diabetic patients for diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: In this study, diabetic patients from Community Health Center, Inc. (CHCI), a large multi-site Federally Qualified Health Center) were evaluated by teleophthalmology using the Canon CR-1 nonmydriatic fundus camera. Digital images were acquired in the CHCI offices and saved on the EyePACS server network. The images were later evaluated by retinal specialists at the Yale Eye Center, Yale University Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science. The costs for the standard of care ophthalmic examinations were calculated based on 2009 Medicaid reimbursement rates. The process of telemedicine-based diagnosis was based on a take-store-forward-visualize system. The cost of telemedicine-based digital retinal imaging examination included cost for devices, training, annual costs and a transportation fee. Current Medicaid reimbursement, transportation, and staff labor costs were used to calculate the conventional retinal examination cost as a comparison. RESULTS: Among the 611 patients digital retinal images screened in the first year of this program and for whom data are available, 166 (27.2%) cases of diabetic retinopathy were identified. Seventy-five (12.3%) patients screened positive with clinically significant disease and were referred for further ophthalmological evaluation and treatment. The primary direct cost of the telemedicine was $3.80, $15.00, $17.60, $1.50, and $2.50 per patient for medical assistant, ophthalmologist, capital cost (Equipment + Training), equipment maintenance, and transportation fee, respectively. The total cost in the telemedicine-based digital retinal imaging and evaluation was $40.40. The cost of conventional retinal examination was $8.70, $65.30, and $3.80 per patients for round-trip transportation, 2009 national Medi...

Liang, B, Xiao, W & Liu, X 2012, 'Design of Video Retrieval System Using MPEG-7 Descriptors', Procedia Engineering, vol. 29, pp. 2578-2582.
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Liao, L-D 2012, 'Investigation of the cerebral hemodynamic response function in single blood vessels by functional photoacoustic microscopy', Journal of Biomedical Optics, vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 061210-061210.
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Liao, L-D & Lin, C-T 2012, 'Novel Trends in Biosensors Used for Electroencephalography Measurements in Neurocognitive Engineering Applications', Journal of Neuroscience and Neuroengineering, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 32-41.
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The measurement of human brain function via the Electroencephalography (EEG)-based augmented brain-computer interface (ABCI) system is an important research topic in the neurocognitive field. The ABCI provides a direct pathway for communication between the human brain and the external world. Conventionally, wet sensors have been commonly used to perform cognitive experiments with EEG-based ABCIs. The wet sensors provide measurable results, showing that high temporal resolution of brain activity can be reliably achieved, but only in limited laboratory experiments. Brain function in real-world conditions still needs to be further studied. Currently, many types of biosensors are proposed to be lightweight and provide a rapid and comfortable response. Here, we present an overview of the wide range of biosensors used for measuring brain activity in cognitive neuroscience applications, including multi-modality biosensors. This review provides novel insights into the development trends of biosensors in the cognitive neuroscience field, especially in real-world applications

Liao, L-D & Lin, C-T 2012, 'Welcome Aboard <I>Journal of Neuroscience and Neuroengineering</I>', Journal of Neuroscience and Neuroengineering, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-2.
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Liao, L-D, Chang, Y-J, Lai, H-Y, Lin, C-T, Lin, Z-M, Tsang, S & Chen, Y-Y 2012, 'A Novel Light-Addressable Multi-Electrode Array Chip for Neural Signal Recording Based on VCSEL Diode Arrays', Journal of Neuroscience and Neuroengineering, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 4-12.
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Liao, L-D, Chen, C-Y, Wang, I-J, Chen, S-F, Li, S-Y, Chen, B-W, Chang, J-Y & Lin, C-T 2012, 'Gaming control using a wearable and wireless EEG-based brain-computer interface device with novel dry foam-based sensors', Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1-12.
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Abstract A brain-computer interface (BCI) is a communication system that can help users interact with the outside environment by translating brain signals into machine commands. The use of electroencephalographic (EEG) signals has become the most common approach for a BCI because of their usability and strong reliability. Many EEG-based BCI devices have been developed with traditional wet- or micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS)-type EEG sensors. However, those traditional sensors have uncomfortable disadvantage and require conductive gel and skin preparation on the part of the user. Therefore, acquiring the EEG signals in a comfortable and convenient manner is an important factor that should be incorporated into a novel BCI device. In the present study, a wearable, wireless and portable EEG-based BCI device with dry foam-based EEG sensors was developed and was demonstrated using a gaming control application. The dry EEG sensors operated without conductive gel; however, they were able to provide good conductivity and were able to acquire EEG signals effectively by adapting to irregular skin surfaces and by maintaining proper skin-sensor impedance on the forehead site. We have also demonstrated a real-time cognitive stage detection application of gaming control using the proposed portable device. The results of the present study indicate that using this portable EEG-based BCI device to conveniently and effectively control the outside world provides an approach for researching rehabilitation engineering.

Liao, L-D, Lin, C-T, Shih, Y-YI, Duong, TQ, Lai, H-Y, Wang, P-H, Wu, R, Tsang, S, Chang, J-Y, Li, M-L & Chen, Y-Y 2012, 'Transcranial Imaging of Functional Cerebral Hemodynamic Changes in Single Blood Vessels using in vivo Photoacoustic Microscopy', Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 938-951.
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Optical imaging of changes in total hemoglobin concentration ( HbT), cerebral blood volume ( CBV), and hemoglobin oxygen saturation ( SO 2) provides a means to investigate brain hemodynamic regulation. However, high-resolution transcranial imaging remains challenging. In this study, we applied a novel functional photoacoustic microscopy technique to probe the responses of single cortical vessels to left forepaw electrical stimulation in mice with intact skulls. Functional changes in HbT, CBV, and SO 2 in the superior sagittal sinus and different-sized arterioles from the anterior cerebral artery system were bilaterally imaged with unambiguous 36 × 65- μm2 spatial resolution. In addition, an early decrease of SO 2 in single blood vessels during activation (i.e., ‘the initial dip’) was observed. Our results indicate that the initial dip occurred specifically in small arterioles of activated regions but not in large veins. This technique complements other existing imaging approaches for the investigation of the hemodynamic responses in single cerebral blood vessels.

Liaquat, AM, Masjuki, HH, Kalam, MA, Varman, M & Hazrat, MA 2012, 'Experimental analysis on engine performance and emission characteristics using biodiesel obtained from non-edible oil', International Review of Mechanical Engineering, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 659-665.
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There are concerns that biodiesel feedstock may compete with food supply in the long term, if the raw materials are vegetable virgin oils only. Therefore, throughout the world, large amounts of non-edible oil plants are available in nature. In this paper, experimental study has been carried out to analyze engine performance and emission characteristics for direct injection diesel engine using biodiesel obtained from non-edible oil such as jatropha oil and was blended with diesel fuel (DF) by 5% (JB5), 10% (JB10), 15% (JB15) and 20% (JB20) volumetrically without any engine modifications. Due to the presence of molecular oxygen, biodiesel undergoes improved combustion in the engine and has less polluting emissions in comparison with normal diesel fuels. Engine performance test was performed at 100% load keeping throttle 100% wide open with variable speeds of 1500 to 2400 rpm at an interval of 100 rpm. Whereas, emission tests were carried out at 2300 rpm at 100% and 80% throttle position. As results of investigations, there has been a decrease in torque and brake power, while increase in specific fuel consumption (sfc) has been observed for all biodiesel blend fuels over the entire speed range compared to DF. In case of engine exhaust gas emissions, reduction in HC, CO and CO2 were found for all blends. Besides, sound level for blend fuels was also reduced compared to DF. It can be concluded that jatropha biodiesel blend fuels can be used in diesel engines without any engine modifications and have beneficial effects both in terms of emission reductions and alternative petroleum diesel fuel. © 2012 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved.

Liaquat, AM, Masjuki, HH, Kalam, MA, Varman, M, Hazrat, MA, Shahabuddin, M & Mofijur, M 2012, 'Application of blend fuels in a diesel engine', Energy Procedia, vol. 14, pp. 1124-1133.
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Lim, CCW, Portmann, C, Tomamichel, M, Renner, R & Gisin, N 2012, 'Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution with Local Bell Test', Phys. Rev. X, vol. 3, pp. 031006-11.
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Device-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD) in its current design requires a violation of Bell's inequality between two honest parties, Alice and Bob, who are connected by a quantum channel. However, in reality, quantum channels are lossy, and this can be exploited for attacks based on the detection loophole. Here, we propose a novel approach to DIQKD that overcomes this limitation. In particular, based on a combination between an entropic uncertainty relation and the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) test, we design a DIQKD protocol where the CHSH test is carried out entirely in Alice's laboratory. Thus the loophole caused by channel losses is avoided.

Lin Chen, Tsang, IW & Dong Xu 2012, 'Laplacian Embedded Regression for Scalable Manifold Regularization', IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 902-915.
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Semi-supervised learning (SSL), as a powerful tool to learn from a limited number of labeled data and a large number of unlabeled data, has been attracting increasing attention in the machine learning community. In particular, the manifold regularization framework has laid solid theoretical foundations for a large family of SSL algorithms, such as Laplacian support vector machine (LapSVM) and Laplacian regularized least squares (LapRLS). However, most of these algorithms are limited to small scale problems due to the high computational cost of the matrix inversion operation involved in the optimization problem. In this paper, we propose a novel framework called Laplacian embedded regression by introducing an intermediate decision variable into the manifold regularization framework. By using ?-insensitive loss, we obtain the Laplacian embedded support vector regression (LapESVR) algorithm, which inherits the sparse solution from SVR. Also, we derive Laplacian embedded RLS (LapERLS) corresponding to RLS under the proposed framework. Both LapESVR and LapERLS posses a simpler form of a transformed kernel, which is the summation of the original kernel and a graph kernel that captures the manifold structure. The benefits of the transformed kernel are two-fold: (1) we can deal with the original kernel matrix and the graph Laplacian matrix in the graph kernel separately and (2) if the graph Laplacian matrix is sparse, we only need to perform the inverse operation for a sparse matrix, which is much more efficient when compared with that for a dense one.

Lin, C-L, Shaw, F-Z, Young, K-Y, Lin, C-T & Jung, T-P 2012, 'EEG correlates of haptic feedback in a visuomotor tracking task', NeuroImage, vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 2258-2273.
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Lin, C-T & McDowell, K 2012, 'Prolog to the Section on Neurotechnological Systems: The Brain–Computer Interface', Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 100, no. Special Centennial Issue, pp. 1551-1552.
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Lin, C-T, Chuang, C-H, Wang, Y-K, Tsai, S-F, Chiu, T-C & Ko, L-W 2012, 'Neurocognitive Characteristics of the Driver: A Review on Drowsiness, Distraction, Navigation, and Motion Sickness', Journal of Neuroscience and Neuroengineering, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 61-81.
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Within the past few decades, neuroscientists have designed various experimental paradigms and driving environments. Using well-established neurotechnologies, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and electroencephalography (EEG), they have gained insight into the brain activity involved in the processing of driving cognition and behaviors. Moreover, neuroengineers have developed computational intelligent technologies to model these brain-behavioral relationships for real-life applications. With the advance of neurotechnology and the understanding of driving cognition, it is thought that an in-vehicle brain-computer interface will be implemented in the near future. In this review, we discuss four major issues prominent in driving cognitive research, including drowsiness, distraction, navigation, and motion sickness. We provide four summary tables that list nearly 60 references from the fields of neuroscience and neuroengineering to briefly present experimental materials, brain imaging modalities, and major findings of the brain in response to specific driving cognitive states. In addition, driving experiments conducted in a virtual-realistic driving environment and studies examining the power spectral characteristics of brain dynamics using independent component analysis, which eliminates artifacts and extracts the independent component processes, are also described.

Lin, C-T, Huang, T-Y, Lin, W-J, Chang, S-Y, Lin, Y-H, Ko, L-W, Hung, DL & Chang, EC 2012, 'Gender differences in wayfinding in virtual environments with global or local landmarks', Journal of Environmental Psychology, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 89-96.
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Lin, C-T, Li, D-L, Lai, J-H, Han, M-F & Chang, J-Y 2012, 'Automatic Age Estimation System for Face Images', International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 216-216.
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Humans are the most important tracking objects in surveillance systems. However, human tracking is not enough to provide the required information for personalized recognition. In this paper, we present a novel and reliable framework for automatic age estimation based on computer vision. It exploits global face features based on the combination of Gabor wavelets and orthogonal locality preserving projections. In addition, the proposed system can extract face aging features automatically in real-time. This means that the proposed system has more potential in applications compared to other semi-automatic systems. The results obtained from this novel approach could provide clearer insight for operators in the field of age estimation to develop real-world applications.

Lin, F-C, Ko, L-W, Chuang, C-H, Su, T-P & Lin, C-T 2012, 'Generalized EEG-Based Drowsiness Prediction System by Using a Self-Organizing Neural Fuzzy System', IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, vol. 59, no. 9, pp. 2044-2055.
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Lin, W-Y, Lin, C-T, Wang, Y-H & Chen, R-T 2012, 'The Transformation of Users in Living Lab Construction: The Case of Eco-City Living Lab', International Journal of Automation and Smart Technology, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 231-240.
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To promote the development of user-oriented technology, different approaches are explored, with living labs being one of the most promising. This paper introduces the strategies in making of a community-based living lab with a specific focus on the users. We introduce the practical mechanisms built in a community environment and the methods to facilitate user innovation. We also report a case study of the users' response to a health care technology, finding out that most of the users did not change their opinion after a year's use. The major finding is on the dynamics between living lab construction and the transformation of the users. We reflect on the phenomenon of a living lab itself transforming the users and making it difficult for them to provide specific opinions of the technology. © 2012 International Journal of Automation and Smart Technology.

Ling, SH & Nguyen, HT 2012, 'Natural occurrence of nocturnal hypoglycemia detection using hybrid particle swarm optimized fuzzy reasoning model', ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MEDICINE, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 177-184.
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Introduction: Low blood glucose (hypoglycemia) is a common and serious side effect of insulin therapy in patients with diabetes. This paper will make a contribution to knowledge in the modeling and design of a non-invasive hypoglycemia monitor for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) using a fuzzy-reasoning system. Methods: Based on the heart rate and the corrected QT interval of the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, we have developed a hybrid particle-swarm-optimization-based fuzzy-reasoning model to recognize the presence of hypoglycemic episodes. To optimize the fuzzy rules and the fuzzy-membership functions, a hybrid particle-swarm-optimization with wavelet mutation operation is investigated. Conclusion: We have investigated the detection for the natural occurrence of nocturnal hypoglycemic episodes in T1DM using a hybrid particle-swarm-optimization-based fuzzy-reasoning model with physiological parameters. In this study, no restricted environment (e.g. patient's dietary requirements) is required. Furthermore, the sampling time is between 5 and 10 min. To conclude, we have shown that the testing performances of the proposed algorithm for detection of advanced hypoglycemic and hypoglycemic episodes for T1DM patients are satisfactory.

Ling, SSH, Nguyen, H & Lam, HK 2012, 'Computational intelligence in health technologies.', Int J Bioinform Res Appl, vol. 8, no. 5-6, pp. 323-324.

Ling, SSH, San, PP, Nguyen, HT & Leung, FHF 2012, 'Non-Invasive nocturnal hypoglycemia Detection for insulin-Dependent Diabetes mellitus using Genetic Fuzzy Logic Method.', Int. J. Comput. Intell. Appl., vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 1-17.
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Hypoglycemia, or low blood glucose, is the most common complication experienced by Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. It is dangerous and can result in unconsciousness, seizures and even death. The most common physiological parameter to be effected from hypoglycemic reaction are heart rate (HR) and correct QT interval (QTc) of the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. Based on physiological parameters, a genetic algorithm based fuzzy reasoning model is developed to recognize the presence of hypoglycemia. To optimize the parameters of the fuzzy model in the membership functions and fuzzy rules, a genetic algorithm is used. A validation strategy based adjustable fitness is introduced in order to prevent the phenomenon of overtraining (overfitting). For this study, 15 children with 569 sampling data points with Type 1 diabetes volunteered for an overnight study. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is found to be satisfactory by giving better sensitivity and specificity compared with other existing methods for hypoglycemia detection. © 2012 Imperial College Press.

Lister, R 2012, 'A variation on Kvale's one thousand page question', ACM Inroads, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 24-25.
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This is a regular invited column I write for this journal.

Lister, R 2012, 'Rare research', ACM Inroads, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 16-17.
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This is a regular invited column I write for this journal.

Lister, R 2012, 'The CC2013 Strawman and Bloom's taxonomy', ACM Inroads, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 12-13.
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This is a regular column that I write for this journal.

Listowski, A, Ngo, H & Guo, W 2012, 'Development of a New Framework and Methodology for Social Assessment of Recycled Water Schemes', Journal of Water Sustainability, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 149-157.
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The framework and methodology for social assessment follows concepts based on integrated water management and technology as the holistic process. This study was initially undertaken through literature review, collection and analysis of actual data from areas where water reclamation scheme have been in operation. The data obtained helped with identification of information gaps and communication deficiencies. The social assessment of technology might create some controversies, especially over environmental and health impact associated with a long term use of recycled water. This concept also implies that scientific research should support public debate, allowing greater public evaluation of the scheme its implications and consequences. This study could confirm that social assessment of water reclamation and reuse is considered in broad context and it suffers institutional separation and differentiation from economy and technology. It is fair to assert that, political economy and technological research are seen to be quite different from social research and it is often considered in a largely interpret technology and environmental contexts.

Liu, C, Ngo, HH & Guo, W 2012, 'Watermelon Rind: Agro-waste or Superior Biosorbent?', APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, vol. 167, no. 6, pp. 1699-1715.
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Biosorption of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and lead (Pb) on watermelon rind in a wellstirred batch system was investigated. pH showed significant influence on the biosorption process. Optimal pH for Cu, Zn, and Pb biosorption was found to be 5.0, 6.8 and 6.8, respectively. Watermelon rind was in favor of Pb and it could remove up to 99% Pb between pH ranges of 5 and 6.8 when Pb concentration is lower than 100 mg/L. The biosorptive capacity of watermelon on Cu, Zn, and Pb was 6.281, 6.845, and 98.063 mg/g, respectively. The equilibrium data fitted well to Langmuir adsorption isotherm while pseudo-secondorder kinetic model exhibited more advantages for describing kinetic data than pseudo-firstorder kinetic model. NaOH was found to be a suitable eluent. After desorption in NaOH solution, the resorption efficiency reached as high as 99% of these three metals either in a single-component or multi-component system. From the characterization study, ion exchange and micro-precipitation were estimated to be the main mechanisms. Due to its high metal uptake capacity, reusability, and metal recovery, watermelon rind can be considered as an eco-friendly and economic biosorbent for removing Pb from water and wastewater.

Liu, C, Ngo, HH, Guo, W & Tung, K-L 2012, 'Optimal conditions for preparation of banana peels, sugarcane bagasse and watermelon rind in removing copper from water', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 119, pp. 349-354.
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In this study, three agro-waste materials were used as biosorbents for removal of copper (Cu) from water. This work aims to optimise conditions for preparation of these materials to obtain maximum Cu adsorption capacity. The optimal conditions were determined in terms of Cu removal efficiency and/or energy consumption. The results indicate that banana peels dried at 120 C for 2 h and ground into powder form led to a better performance in terms of both copper removal efficiency and energy consumption. For sugarcane bagasse and watermelon rind, 120 C was the suitable drying temperature. However, the best drying time was 1 h for sugarcane bagasse and 3 h for watermelon rind. The powder form with size of <150 lm was optimal for all biosorbents in terms of removal efficiency and equilibration time. The findings are beneficial to the application of these agro-waste materials for Cu removal from water and wastewater treatment.

Liu, D, Lin, C-T, Greenwood, G, Lucas, S & Zhang, Z 2012, 'CIS Publication Spotlight [Publication Spotlight]', IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 11-12.
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Liu, D, Lin, C-T, Greenwood, G, Lucas, S & Zhang, Z 2012, 'CIS Publication Spotlight [Publication Spotlight]', IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 11-12.
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Liu, J, Esselle, KP, Hay, SG & Zhong, S-S 2012, 'STUDY OF AN EXTREMELY WIDEBAND MONOPOLE ANTENNA WITH TRIPLE BAND-NOTCHED CHARACTERSISTICS', Progress In Electromagnetics Research, vol. 123, pp. 143-158.
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Liu, MD, Indraratna, B, Horpibulsuk, S & Suebsuk, J 2012, 'Variations in strength of lime-treated soft clays', Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Ground Improvement, vol. 165, no. 4, pp. 217-223.
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Strength is often the most significant parameter in measuring the effect of soil improvement in geotechnical engineering practice. In this paper, a primary study is made of the variation in unconfined compressive strength of lime-treated soft clays under various practical conditions. There are three major factors that affect the strength development: lime content, curing time, and curing temperature. The variations in strength with the three factors are analysed and quantified by proposed empirical equations. These equations are verified against experimental data independently. Based on an analysis of the above simulations, a general strength equation is proposed, unifying the influence of all the three factors into a single equation. The capacity of the general equation is demonstrated and it is seen that the proposed strength equations have the potential for predicting the strength of lime-treated clays under various conditions.

Liu, Q, Wong, L & Li, J 2012, 'Z-score biological significance of binding hot spots of protein interfaces by using crystal packing as the reference state', BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS, vol. 1824, no. 12, pp. 1457-1467.
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Characterization of binding hot spots of protein interfaces is a fundamental study in molecular biology. Many computational methods have been proposed to identify binding hot spots. However, there are few studies to assess the biological significance of binding hot spots. We introduce the notion of biological significance of a contact residue for capturing the probability of the residue occurring in or contributing to protein binding interfaces. We take a statistical Z-score approach to the assessment of the biological significance. The method has three main steps. First, the potential score of a residue is defined by using a knowledge-based potential function with relative accessible surface area calculations. A null distribution of this potential score is then generated from artifact crystal packing contacts. Finally, the Z-score significance of a contact residue with a specific potential score is determined according to this null distribution. We hypothesize that residues at binding hot spots have big absolute values of Z-score as they contribute greatly to binding free energy. Thus, we propose to use Z-score to predict whether a contact residue is a hot spot residue. Comparison with previously reported methods on two benchmark datasets shows that this Z-score method is mostly superior to earlier methods. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Computational Methods for Protein Interaction and Structural Prediction.

Liu, S, Lazos, L & Krunz, M 2012, 'Cluster-Based Control Channel Allocation in Opportunistic Cognitive Radio Networks', IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 11, no. 10, pp. 1436-1449.
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Liu, S, Lazos, L & Krunz, M 2012, 'Thwarting Control-Channel Jamming Attacks from Inside Jammers', IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 11, no. 9, pp. 1545-1558.
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Liu, X, Pan, Y, Xu, Y & Yu, S 2012, 'Least square completion and inconsistency repair methods for additively consistent fuzzy preference relations', Fuzzy Sets and Systems, vol. 198, pp. 1-19.
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Lixin Duan, Dong Xu & Tsang, IW 2012, 'Domain Adaptation From Multiple Sources: A Domain-Dependent Regularization Approach', IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 504-518.
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Lixin Duan, Dong Xu, Tsang, IW-H & Jiebo Luo 2012, 'Visual Event Recognition in Videos by Learning from Web Data', IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 34, no. 9, pp. 1667-1680.
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We propose a visual event recognition framework for consumer videos by leveraging a large amount of loosely labeled web videos (e.g., from YouTube). Observing that consumer videos generally contain large intraclass variations within the same type of events, we first propose a new method, called Aligned Space-Time Pyramid Matching (ASTPM), to measure the distance between any two video clips. Second, we propose a new transfer learning method, referred to as Adaptive Multiple Kernel Learning (A-MKL), in order to 1) fuse the information from multiple pyramid levels and features (i.e., space-time features and static SIFT features) and 2) cope with the considerable variation in feature distributions between videos from two domains (i.e., web video domain and consumer video domain). For each pyramid level and each type of local features, we first train a set of SVM classifiers based on the combined training set from two domains by using multiple base kernels from different kernel types and parameters, which are then fused with equal weights to obtain a prelearned average classifier. In A-MKL, for each event class we learn an adapted target classifier based on multiple base kernels and the prelearned average classifiers from this event class or all the event classes by minimizing both the structural risk functional and the mismatch between data distributions of two domains. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed framework that requires only a small number of labeled consumer videos by leveraging web data.

Lixin Duan, Tsang, IW & Dong Xu 2012, 'Domain Transfer Multiple Kernel Learning', IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 465-479.
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Cross-domain learning methods have shown promising results by leveraging labeled patterns from the auxiliary domain to learn a robust classifier for the target domain which has only a limited number of labeled samples. To cope with the considerable change between feature distributions of different domains, we propose a new cross-domain kernel learning framework into which many existing kernel methods can be readily incorporated. Our framework, referred to as Domain Transfer Multiple Kernel Learning (DTMKL), simultaneously learns a kernel function and a robust classifier by minimizing both the structural risk functional and the distribution mismatch between the labeled and unlabeled samples from the auxiliary and target domains. Under the DTMKL framework, we also propose two novel methods by using SVM and prelearned classifiers, respectively. Comprehensive experiments on three domain adaptation data sets (i.e., TRECVID, 20 Newsgroups, and email spam data sets) demonstrate that DTMKL-based methods outperform existing cross-domain learning and multiple kernel learning methods.

Loganathan, P, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J & Naidu, R 2012, 'Cadmium Sorption and Desorption in Soils: A Review', CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 489-533.
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Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant that can be readily taken up by plants and may enter the food chain, causing risk to human health. It can also affect soil quality and, if easily leached, has the potential to pollute surface and ground waters. Sorption and desorption are critical processes controlling the phytoavailability and mobility of Cd in soils. The authors present the present knowledge on the mechanisms and hysteresis of Cd sorption and desorption in soils and factors such as pH, ionic strength, index cation, other heavy metal cations, inorganic anions, organic ligands, Cd loading rate, and the type and amounts of organic matter and inorganic colloids influencing these processes. The methods used to determine the nature and magnitude of Cd sorption and desorption are also critically reviewed.

Long, F, Zhou, J & Peng, H 2012, 'Visualization and Analysis of 3D Microscopic Images', PLoS Computational Biology, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. e1002519-e1002519.
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Longbing Cao 2012, 'Social Security and Social Welfare Data Mining: An Overview', IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews), vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 837-853.
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The importance of social security and social welfare business has been increasingly recognized in more and more countries. It impinges on a large proportion of the population and affects government service policies and peopleâs life quality. Typical welfare countries, such as Australia and Canada, have accumulated a huge amount of social security and social welfare data. Emerging business issues such as fraudulent outlays, and customer service and performance improvements challenge existing policies, as well as techniques and systems including data matching and business intelligence reporting systems. The need for a deep understanding of customers and customerâgovernment interactions through advanced data analytics has been increasingly recognized by the community at large. So far, however, no substantial work on the mining of social security and social welfare data has been reported. For the first time in data mining and machine learning, and to the best of our knowledge, this paper draws a comprehensive overall picture and summarizes the corresponding techniques and illustrations to analyze social security/welfare data, namely, social security datamining (SSDM), based on a thorough review of a large number of related references from the past half century. In particular, we introduce an SSDM framework, including business and research issues, social security/welfare services and data, as well as challenges, goals, and tasks in mining social security/welfare data. A summary of SSDM case studies is also presented with substantial citations that direct readers to more specific techniques and practices about SSDM.

Lu, C, Chen, J & Duan, R 2012, 'Some bounds on the minimum number of queries required for quantum channel perfect discrimination', Quantum Information and Computation, vol. 12, no. 1-2, pp. 138-148.
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We prove a lower bound on the q-maximal fidelities between two quantum channels ε 0 and ε 1 and an upper bound on the q-maximal fidelities between a quantum channel ε and an identity I. Then we apply these two bounds to provide a simple sufficient and necessary condition for sequential perfect distinguish ability between ε and I and provide both a lower bound and an upper bound on the minimum number of queries required to sequentially perfectly discriminating ε and I. Interestingly, in the 2-dimensional case, both bounds coincide. Based on the optimal perfect discrimination protocol presented in [20], we can further generalize the lower bound and upper bound to the minimum number of queries to perfectly discriminating ε and I over all possible discrimination schemes. Finally the two lower bounds are shown remain working for perfectly discriminating general two quantum channels ε 0 and ε 1 in sequential scheme and over all possible discrimination schemes respectively. © Rinton Press.

Lu, DDC & Nguyen, QN 2012, 'A photovoltaic panel emulator using a buck-boost DC/DC converter and a low cost micro-controller', Solar Energy, vol. 86, no. 5, pp. 1477-1484.
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Lu, HN, Wei, DB & Jiang, ZY 2012, 'Application of Centroidal Voronoi Diagram in Numerical Model of Microforming Process', Advanced Materials Research, vol. 476-478, pp. 508-512.
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Grain size, shape and orientation play an important role on the deformability of micro workpiece as the geometrical dimensions approach to a characteristic scale in micro-forming process. This paper addresses the three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model with weighed centroidal voronoi diagram (WCVD). Steady-state grains are generated when the voronoi generating points approach the grain centroid utilising a simplex integration algorithm. As a result of the centroidal process, the topological features of grains advance the uniform and steady state gradually, which may cause a decrease of interfacial energy. The grain size distribution is compared between the 3D domain and random cross-sectional plan. The effects of centroidal process on the distributions of grain size and number of grain corners, facet and edge are analysed.

Lu, J & Li, T 2012, 'Special Issue on Computational Intelligence for Policy Making and Risk Governance: A Tribute to Professor Dr Da Ruan', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UNCERTAINTY FUZZINESS AND KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS, vol. 20, pp. VII-VIII.
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Lu, J, Zhang, G & Jain, LC 2012, 'Handbook on Decision Making', Intelligent Systems Reference Library, vol. 33.
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Lu, J, Zhang, G, Montero, J & Garmendia, L 2012, 'Multifollower Trilevel Decision Making Models and System', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 974-985.
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In a trilevel hierarchical decision problem, the objectives and variables of each decision entity at one level are controlled, in part, by the decision entities at other levels. The choice of values for the decision variables at each level may influence

Lun-De Liao, Chin-Teng Lin, McDowell, K, Wickenden, AE, Gramann, K, Tzyy-Ping Jung, Li-Wei Ko & Jyh-Yeong Chang 2012, 'Biosensor Technologies for Augmented Brain–Computer Interfaces in the Next Decades', Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 100, no. Special Centennial Issue, pp. 1553-1566.
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The study of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) has undergone 30 years of intense development and has grown into a rich and diverse field. BCIs are technologies that enable direct communication between the human brain and external devices. Conventionally, wet electrodes have been employed to obtain unprecedented sensitivity to high-temporal-resolution brain activity; recently, the growing availability of various sensors that can be used to detect high-quality brain signals in a wide range of clinical and everyday environments is being exploited. This development of biosensing neurotechnologies and the desire to implement them in real-world applications have led to the opportunity to develop augmented BCIs (ABCIs) in the upcoming decades. An ABCI is similar to a BCI in that it relies on biosensors that record signals from the brain in everyday environments; the signals are then processed in real time to monitor the behavior of the human. To use an ABCI as a mobile brain imaging technique for everyday, real-life applications, the sensors and the corresponding device must be lightweight and the equipment response time must be short. This study presents an overview of the wide range of biosensor approaches currently being applied to ABCIs, from their use in the laboratory to their application in clinical and everyday use. The basic principles of each technique are described along with examples of current applications of cutting-edge neuroscience research. In summary, we show that ABCI techniques continue to grow and evolve, incorporating new technologies and advances to address ever more complex and important neuroscience issues, with advancements that are envisioned to lead to a wide range of real-life applications. © 2012 IEEE.

Luo, L, Wang, XC, Guo, W, Ngo, HH & Chen, Z 2012, 'Impact assessment of excess discharges of organics and nutrients into aquatic systems by thermodynamic entropy calculation', JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, vol. 112, pp. 45-52.
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In this study, a method was proposed for calculating the thermodynamic entropy increase DS in a water body after receiving excess discharge of organics and nutrients in order to quantitatively assess the impact of pollutants discharge on aquatic systems. The enthalpy change was evaluated using the standard thermodynamic data according to the possible chemical and/or biochemical reactions such as organic oxidation, nitrification/denitrification, and phosphorus precipitation, for the recovery of water quality to the background level. A series of equations were established for calculating the DS associated with the decomposition or removal of TOC, NO3eN, NO2eN, NH3eN and TP. The values of DS corresponding to unit mass (per g) of these pollutants were calculated as 54.0 kJ/K, 2.91 kJ/K, 10.01 kJ/K, 28.51 kJ/K and 2.81 kJ/K, respectively. Besides, the applicability of the proposed method was proved by a scenario analysis regarding effluent quality control and surface water quality protection in China.

Luo, L, Zhang, JA & Davis, LM 2012, 'Space-Time Block Code and Spatial Multiplexing Design for Quadrature-OFDMA Systems', IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 60, no. 10, pp. 3133-3142.
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Luo, Q & Tong, L 2012, 'Analytic formulas of energy release rates for delamination using a global–local method', International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol. 49, no. 23-24, pp. 3335-3344.
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Luo, Q & Tong, L 2012, 'Laminated plate formulation for photostrictive actuators and sensors', Journal of Composite Materials, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 557-573.
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This paper presents a model for a laminated plate with surface mounted photostrictive materials. The photo-induced electrical, thermal, and mechanical fields in lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) ceramics with 0-3 polarization are considered as the coupled multi-physics fields in PLZT ceramics. The formulation is presented for general multi-physics fields in PLZT ceramics. The actuating and sensing equations are formulated for a 0-3 polarized PLZT laminated plate and they are also applicable to other photostrictive materials such as polymers and semiconductors. The actuated behaviors of a 0-3 polarized PLZT laminated plate subjected to light illumination are investigated and the numerical results calculated using the present formulations are compared with those available in the literatures.

Luo, Q & Tong, L 2012, 'Multifunctional behaviors of an indium tin oxide/PbLa(ZrTi)O₃/indium tin oxide wafer illuminated by ultraviolet light', Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, vol. 23, no. 7, pp. 765-774.
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This article presents multifunctional behaviors of a Pb0.97La0.03(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (3/52/48) wafer subjected to ultraviolet light illumination with a focus on its photoresistive effects. When this PLZT wafer that is spurted with indium tin oxide electrodes and then polarized through thickness is illuminated by ultraviolet light, its resistance increases rather than decreases as observed in conventional photoresistors made of semiconductors. Giant negative voltage and resistance are detected when light is switched off. The bending deformation caused by the photovoltaic and converse piezoelectric effects is examined and the photoinduced electrical field strength is further investigated. The electrical fields in light on–off states are studied. Hysteresis and memristive features of the indium tin oxide/PbLa(ZrTi)O3/indium tin oxide (ITO/PLZT/ITO) sample under repetitive light on–off operations are investigated.

Luo, Y, Wen, J, Zhang, J, Canning, J & Peng, G-D 2012, 'Bismuth and erbium codoped optical fiber with ultrabroadband luminescence across O-, E-, S-, C-, and L-bands', OPTICS LETTERS, vol. 37, no. 16, pp. 3447-3449.
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Luo, Z, Zhang, N, Ji, J & Wu, T 2012, 'A meshfree level-set method for topological shape optimization of compliant multiphysics actuators', COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING, vol. 223, pp. 133-152.
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This paper proposes a topology optimization method for compliant multiphysics actuators of geometrically nonlinear structures using meshfree Galerkin weak-forms and level set methods. The design boundary is implicitly represented as the zero level set of a higher-dimensional level set function, leading to a level set model capable of handling complex shape and topological changes with flexibilities. A family of compactly supported radial basis functions (CSRBFs) is firstly used to interpolate the level set function of Lipschitz continuity, and then augmented to construct the shape function for meshless approximation by satisfying basic requirements, in particular the predetermined consistency and the Kronecker delta function property. A meshless Galerkin method (MGM) with global weak-forms is established to implement the discretization of the state equations. The design of actuators is transformed into an easier size optimization from a more difficult shape and topology optimization. The design boundary evolution is just a question of advancing the discrete level set function in time by updating the design variables of the size optimization. Compared to most conventional level set methods, the proposed meshless level set method is able to implement the free moving boundary discontinuities without remeshing, and unify two different numerical procedures in propagating the discrete level set function (e.g. Eulerian grid) and approximating the state equation (e.g. Lagrangian mesh), respectively. This method can also avoid numerical difficulties in solving a series of complicate Hamilton-Jacobi partial differential equations (PDEs) with explicit time schemes. Two typical numerical examples are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Ma, J, Zhang, G & Lu, J 2012, 'A Method for Multiple Periodic Factor Prediction Problems Using Complex Fuzzy Sets', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON FUZZY SYSTEMS, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 32-45.
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Multiple periodic factor prediction (MPFP) problems exist widely in multisensor data fusion applications. Development of an effective prediction method should integrate information for multiple periodically changing factors. Because the uncertainty and p

Ma, XY, Wang, XC, Ngo, H & Guo, W 2012, 'Application of vibrio qinghaiensis sp. Q67 for ecotoxic assessment of environmental waters: A mini review', Journal of Water Sustainability, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 209-220.
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Ecotoxicity assessment using luminescent bacteria has been wildly used because it is rapid, sensitive and cost effective for screening water and wastewater quality. This mini-review focused on the application of Vibrio qinghaiensis sp. Q67 (abbreviated as Q67), a natural freshwater luminescent bacteria strain discovered in China. The characteristics of the bioassay using Q67 were firstly reviewed with comparison to that using the Vibrio fischeri, a widely used marine luminescent bacteria strain. In addition to the principal of bioassay using luminescent bacteria, attention was paid to the applications of Q67 to the toxicity assessment of organic and inorganic substances, and practical water samples. With its advantage for direct evaluation of freshwater samples without salt addition, Q67 toxicity test can be a good alternative of Vibrio fischeri for toxicological study of environmental waters.

Ma, Z, Nie, F, Yang, Y, Uijlings, JRR & Sebe, N 2012, 'Web Image Annotation Via Subspace-Sparsity Collaborated Feature Selection', IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 1021-1030.
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Ma, Z, Nie, F, Yang, Y, Uijlings, JRR, Sebe, N & Hauptmann, AG 2012, 'Discriminating Joint Feature Analysis for Multimedia Data Understanding', IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 1662-1672.
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Macabuag, J, Guragain, R & Bhattacharya, S 2012, 'Seismic retrofitting of non-engineered masonry in rural Nepal', Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Structures and Buildings, vol. 165, no. 6, pp. 273-286.
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One of the greatest causes of casualties in major earthquakes around the world is the collapse of non-engineered masonry buildings (those built without engineering input). Yet by definition non-engineered structures remain largely outside of the scope of modern engineering research, meaning that the majority of those at risk often remain so. A further barrier to realising research in this field is the significant social and economic challenge of implementation in low-income communities, where non-engineered housing is prevalent. This paper introduces a retrofitting technique aimed at preventing or prolonging the collapse of adobe (mud brick) houses under strong earthquakes. This technique uses common polypropylene packaging straps to form a mesh, which is then used to encase structural walls. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the retrofitting technique's development and implementation. The key development stages of static, dynamic and numerical testing are presented, showing that the proposed technique effectively prevents brittle masonry collapse and the loss of debris. An implementation project is then discussed, involving a training programme for rural masons in Nepal, a public shake-table demonstration and the retrofit of a real house. The implementation project proved effective at reaching rural communities but highlighted that government subsidies are required to incentivise the safeguarding of homes among low-income communities.

Machet, T, Lowe, D & Gütl, C 2012, 'On the potential for using immersive virtual environments to support laboratory experiment contextualisation', European Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 527-540.
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Mahamedi, B & Zhu, JG 2012, 'A Novel Approach to Detect Symmetrical Faults Occurring During Power Swings by Using Frequency Components of Instantaneous Three-Phase Active Power', IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 1368-1376.
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Since distance relays are prone to interpret a power swing as a three-phase fault, they should be blocked during the power swing to prevent undesired trips. On the other hand, if any fault occurs during a power swing, they should be fast and reliably unb

Mahlia, TMI, Tohno, S & Tezuka, T 2012, 'A review on fuel economy test procedure for automobiles: Implementation possibilities in Malaysia and lessons for other countries', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 4029-4046.
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Mahlia, TMI, Tohno, S & Tezuka, T 2012, 'History and current status of the motor vehicle energy labeling and its implementation possibilities in Malaysia', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 1828-1844.
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Mahmud, MA, Pota, HR & Hossain, MJ 2012, 'Dynamic Stability of Three-Phase Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System Using Zero Dynamic Design Approach', IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 564-571.
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Mahmud, MA, Pota, HR & Hossain, MJ 2012, 'Full-order nonlinear observer-based excitation controller design for interconnected power systems via exact linearization approach', International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 54-62.
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Manzoor, M & Hussain, W 2012, 'A Web Usability Evaluation Model for Higher Education Providing Universities of Asia', Science, Technology and Development, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 183-192.

Marjanovic, O & Freeze, R 2012, 'Knowledge-Intensive Business Process: Deriving a Sustainable Competitive Advantage through Business Process Management and Knowledge Management Integration', Knowledge and Process Management, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 180-188.
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This paper adopts a holistic approach to Business Process Management (BPM) and Knowledge Management (KM) integration to describe an interesting case of a customer-facing business process and illustrate its evolving nature, from a highly structured to knowledge-intensive. More precisely, the paper proposes an integrated multidisciplinary framework and then uses it as a theoretical lens to analyze an organization's journey towards BPM/KM integration in the context of their knowledge-intensive business processes. Our research findings clearly demonstrate the importance of process-related knowledge in this company. They also illustrate how different KM aspects of the same BP were used by the organization at different points in time to determine the most appropriate strategies for value-creation and BPM-related competitive differentiation. They also confirm previous findings by other researchers that knowledge-intensive processes do require a different approach to their ongoing improvement. Most importantly for the future BPM/KM research, our case demonstrates that an organization's perception of a BP could change over time (from procedural to knowledge-intensive), as a result of an increased recognition of process-related knowledge. This in turn creates new, yet-to-be explored challenges for BPM. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Martiniello-Wilks, R, Suurbach, JH, Tran, N, Mcgowan, EM, Simpson, A, Larsen, SR & Russell, PJ 2012, 'Cellular and genetic medicines advancing the treatment of prostate cancer', JOURNAL OF TISSUE ENGINEERING AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE, vol. 6, pp. 289-289.

Marynowsky, W 2012, 'The Uncanny Automaton', Leonardo, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 482-483.
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A recent body of work exploring the uncanny in relation to the automaton has been completed in concurrence with the Doctor of Creative Arts, UWS, 2011. This extract of the doctoral paper details the concepts of inquiry, art works produced, audience response in the form of critical reviews and conclusion.

Mashaqbeh, OA & McLaughlan, RG 2012, 'Occurrence of rate limited sorption in stormwater biofiltration systems', International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, vol. 9, no. 3/4, pp. 257-257.
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Batch and column studies were conducted using synthetic stormwater with mixtures of 0.6 mm glass beads and compost particles of either 1.18 or 4.75 mm. Batch tests showed that rate limited uptake of zinc occurred onto both particle sizes. The column containing the 1.18 mm particles could be fitted by a Freundlich sorption isotherm while the other column exhibited a diffuse front and tailing and could not be modelled using equilibrium isotherms. The sorption capacity of the compost for zinc was estimated at 12.5 mg/g and 9.1 mg/g for the 1.18 mm and 4.75 mm particle size fractions, respectively.

Masihpour, M, Abolhasan, M & Franklin, DR 2012, 'NFMIC Cooperative Communication Methods for Body Area Networks.', J. Networks, vol. 7, no. 9, pp. 1431-1440.
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To achieve higher data rate or to extend the coverage range of a wireless communication system, cooperative relay has been seen as a promising solution. This concept has been integrated in many traditional wireless communication networks. However, it has not been extensively examined for near field magnetic induction communication (NFMIC) systems. This paper aims to apply cooperative relay to NFMIC in a sense that is applicable to body area networking, since NFMIC is stated to be a suitable physical layer for body area networks. We have shown that using idle NFMIC nodes as relaying terminals, the system performance will be enhanced, as compared to a point to point communication system. In this context we have proposed three relaying methods to enhance the data rate and the received signal power in a personal area network. The relaying strategies are denoted as MI-Relay, MAMI Relay1 and MAMI Relay2. In this paper, using theoretical studies and simulation results, we have compared the performance of the three strategies and we have shown that higher data rates can be achieved through MAMI Relay1. However, we have discussed that the separation distance between relaying nodes and the source or destination can be a key factor for relay node selection.

Materin, MA, Bianciotto, CG, Wu, C & Shields, CL 2012, 'SECTOR LASER PHOTOCOAGULATION FOR THE PREVENTION OF MACULAR EDEMA AFTER PLAQUE RADIOTHERAPY FOR UVEAL MELANOMA', Retina, vol. 32, no. 8, pp. 1601-1607.
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Objective: To investigate the role of sector laser photocoagulation for prevention of macular edema after plaque radiotherapy for uveal melanoma. Methods: Noncomparative, pilot interventional case series. The main outcome measure was optical coherence tomography-evident macular edema. Results: A total of 29 patients had sector laser photocoagulation (sector panretinal photocoagulation) and sub-Tenon triamcinolone injection. The median tumor thickness and base was 3.3 mm and 10.0 mm. The median radiation dose and rate to the macula was 2,944 cGy and 31.0 cGy/hour. At the 12-month and 24-months follow-up, cystoid macular edema was found in 17% and 24% of the sector panretinal photocoagulation group. There were no major side effects registered. Conclusion: Sector panretinal photocoagulation in combination with sub-Tenon triamcinolone appears to show potential as a safe and beneficial intervention for the prevention of macular edema after plaque radiotherapy for uveal melanoma in this series.

Mathieson, L & Szeider, S 2012, 'Editing graphs to satisfy degree constraints: A parameterized approach', Journal of Computer and System Sciences, vol. 78, no. 1, pp. 179-191.
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Mazzolini, AP, Daniel, S & Edwards, T 2012, 'Using interactive lecture demonstrations to improve conceptual understanding of resonance in an electronics course', Australasian Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 69-88.
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McDonald, JA, Harden, NB, Nghiem, LD & Khan, SJ 2012, 'Analysis of N-nitrosamines in water by isotope dilution gas chromatography–electron ionisation tandem mass spectrometry', Talanta, vol. 99, pp. 146-154.
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McGloin, D 2012, 'An optical trampoline', Nature, vol. 492, no. 7427, pp. 51-52.
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McGowan, EM, Tran, N, Alling, N, Yagoub, D, Sedger, LM & Martiniello-Wilks, R 2012, 'p14ARF Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Nuclear Cyclin D1 in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells: Discrimination between a Good and Bad Prognosis?', PLOS ONE, vol. 7, no. 7, pp. 1-16.
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As part of a cell's inherent protection against carcinogenesis, p14ARF is upregulated in response to hyperproliferative signalling to induce cell cycle arrest. This property makes p14ARF a leading candidate for cancer therapy. This study explores the con

McKemmish, LK, Kedziora, DJ, White, GR, Hush, NS & Reimers, JR 2012, 'Frequency-based Quantum Computers from a Chemist's Perspective', AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, vol. 65, no. 5, pp. 512-519.
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Quantum computer elements are often designed and tested using molecular or nanoscopic components that form registers of qubits in which memory is stored and information processed. Often such registers are probed and manipulated using frequency-based techniques such as nuclear-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A major challenge is to design molecules to act as these registers. We provide a basis for rational molecular design through consideration of the generic spectroscopic properties required for quantum computing, bypassing the need for intricate knowledge of the way these molecules are used spectroscopically. Designs in which two-qubit gate times scale similarly to those for one-qubit gates are presented. The specified spectroscopic requirements are largely independent of the type of spectroscopy used (e. g. magnetic resonance or vibrational) and are often independent of technical details of the application (e.g. broadband or high-resolution spectroscopy). This should allow the design of much larger quantum registers than have currently been demonstrated.

Melli, G, Wu, X, Beinat, P, Bonchi, F, Cao, L, Duan, R, Faloutsos, C, Ghani, R, Kitts, B, Goethals, B, Mclachlan, G, Pei, J, Srivastava, A & Zaiane, O 2012, 'TOP-10 DATA MINING CASE STUDIES', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & DECISION MAKING, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 389-400.
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We report on the panel discussion held at the ICDM'10 conference on the top 10 data mining case studies in order to provide a snapshot of where and how data mining techniques have made significant real-world impact. The tasks covered by 10 case studies r

Meng, ZX, Zeng, QT, Sun, ZZ, Xu, XX, Wang, YS, Zheng, W & Zheng, YF 2012, 'Immobilizing natural macromolecule on PLGA electrospun nanofiber with surface entrapment and entrapment-graft techniques', Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, vol. 94, pp. 44-50.
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Merigó, J & Gil-Lafuente, A 2012, 'A method for decision making with the OWA operator', Computer Science and Information Systems, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 357-380.
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A new method for decision making that uses the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator in the aggregation of the information is presented. It is used a concept that it is known in the literature as the index of maximum and minimum level (IMAM). This index is based on distance measures and other techniques that are useful for decision making. By using the OWA operator in the IMAM, we form a new aggregation operator that we call the ordered weighted averaging index of maximum and minimum level (OWAIMAM) operator. The main advantage is that it provides a parameterized family of aggregation operators between the minimum and the maximum and a wide range of special cases. Then, the decision maker may take decisions according to his degree of optimism and considering ideals in the decision process. A further extension of this approach is presented by using hybrid averages and Choquet integrals. We also develop an application of the new approach in a multi-person decision-making problem regarding the selection of strategies.

Merigó, JM 2012, 'OWA operators in the weighted average and their application in decision making', Control and Cybernetics, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 605-643.
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We introduce a new aggregation operator that unifies the weighted average (WA) and the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator in a single formulation. We call it the ordered weighted averaging - weighted average (OWAWA) operator. This aggregation operator provides a more complete representation of the weighted average and the OWA operator because it considers the degree of importance that each concept has in the aggregation and includes them as particular cases of a more general context. We study different properties and families of the OWAWA operator. The applicability of this method is very broad because any study that uses the weighted average or the OWA can be revised and extended with our approach. We focus on a multi-person decision-making application in the selection of financial strategies.

Merigó, JM 2012, 'Probabilities in the OWA operator', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 39, no. 13, pp. 11456-11467.
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Merigó, JM 2012, 'The probabilistic weighted average and its application in multiperson decision making', International Journal of Intelligent Systems, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 457-476.
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Merigó, JM & Casanovas, M 2012, 'Decision-making with uncertain aggregation operators using the Dempster-Shafer belief structure', International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information and Control, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 1037-1061.
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We develop a new decision-making model using the Dempster-Shafer (D-S) belief structure when available information is uncertain and can be assessed with interval numbers. We use a wide range of aggregation operators involving interval numbers such as the uncertain weighted average (UWA), the uncertain ordered weighted average (UOWA), the uncertain generalized weighted average (UGWA) and the uncertain generalized ordered weighted average (UGOWA). We present a new approach to using interval weights in these uncertain aggregation operators. By using these aggregation operators within a D-S framework, we obtain various belief structures (BS), including the UWA (BS-UWA), the BS-UOWA, the BS-UGWA and the BS-UGOWA. We also use more complete formulations by using induced, hybrid and quasi-arithmetic aggregation operators. We end the paper by applying these operators to a decision-making problem regarding strategic management. © 2012 ICIC International.

Merigo, JM & Gil-Lafuente, AM 2012, 'Decision-making techniques with similarity measures and OWA operators', SORT, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 81-102.
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We analyse the use of the ordered weighted average (OWA) in decision-making giving special attention to business and economic decision-making problems. We present several aggregation techniques that are very useful for decision-making such as the Hamming distance, the adequacy coefficient and the index of maximum and minimum level. We suggest a new approach by using immediate weights, that is, by using the weighted average and the OWA operator in the same formulation. We further generalize them by using generalized and quasi-arithmetic means. We also analyse the applicability of the OWA operator in business and economics and we see that we can use it instead of the weighted average. We end the paper with an application in a business multi-person decision-making problem regarding production management.

Merigó, JM, Carral, CL & Castillo, AC 2012, 'Decision making in the European Union under risk and uncertainty', European J. of International Management, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 590-590.
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Merigo, JM, Casanovas, M & Engemann, KJ 2012, 'GROUP DECISION-MAKING WITH GENERALIZED AND PROBABILISTIC AGGREGATION OPERATORS', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE COMPUTING INFORMATION AND CONTROL, vol. 8, no. 7A, pp. 4823-4835.

Merigó, JM, Casanovas, M & Engemann, KJ 2012, 'Group decision-making with generalized and probabilistic aggregation operators', International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information and Control, vol. 8, no. 7 A, pp. 4823-4835.
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The aim of this paper is to introduce a unified model between the generalized ordered weighted averaging (GOWA) operator and the generalized probabilistic aggregation. We present the generalized probabilistic OWA (GPOWA) operator. It is a new aggregation operator that unifies the probability with the OWA operator considering the degree of importance that each concept has in the analysis. It includes a wide range of particular cases including the GOWA operator and the probabilistic OWA (POWA) operator. We also study the applicability of this new approach and we see that it is very broad because all the previous studies that use the probability or the OWA operator can be revised with this new approach. We develop an application in multi-person decision making concerning the selection of the optimal strategies. © ICIC International 2012.

Merigó, JM, Gil-Lafuente, AM & Martorell, O 2012, 'Uncertain induced aggregation operators and its application in tourism management', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 869-880.
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Merigó, JM, Gil-Lafuente, AM, Zhou, L-G & Chen, H-Y 2012, 'Induced and Linguistic Generalized Aggregation Operators and Their Application in Linguistic Group Decision Making', Group Decision and Negotiation, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 531-549.
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Merigó-Lindahl, JM 2012, 'Bibliometric Analysis of Business and Economics in the Web of Science', Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing, vol. 287, pp. 3-17.
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We present a general overview of the most influential results found in the Web of Science in the subject area of Business & Economics that includes the categories of Business, Economics, Business Finance and Management. We analyse the most cited papers in the history and rank the most influential institutions by number of papers published. We analyse the most relevant journals, the temporal evolution and the countries with the highest number of publications. We also develop a similar analysis to the Spanish case studying the most cited papers, the most influential institutions and the temporal evolution. Note that this study is only based on the results found on the Web of Science with the objective of giving a general overview of the research done in Business & Economics especially over the last half century. However, many exceptions and particularities may be found throughout the results. © 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Mesgari, S, Poon, YF, Yan, LY, Chen, Y, Loo, LS, Thong, YX & Chan-Park, MB 2012, 'High Selectivity cum Yield Gel Electrophoresis Separation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Using a Chemically Selective Polymer Dispersant', The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol. 116, no. 18, pp. 10266-10273.
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Pure semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are appealing for many electronic circuits and devices, but the presence of parasitic metallic SWNTs in all as-synthesized nanotube samples makes this application elusive. Agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) can be used to separate metallic from semiconducting SWNTs when applied in conjunction with the use of an appropriate surfactant or dispersant. To date, only sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) has been reported to permit considerable separation with AGE. In this study, we report on the considerably better separation achieved using chondroitin sulfate (CS-A) as a dispersant in AGE compared with SDS-assisted AGE. The CS-A assisted AGE technique may be used to produce in a single pass semiconducting SWNTs with purity of 95%, compared with 85% purity achieved with SDS-assisted AGE for the same arc discharge nanotubes. Further, the yield of CS-A assisted AGE is about 25%, which is in the order of 5 to 10 times the yields of other reported highly selective techniques. Semiconducting SWNTs produced via CS-A/AGE were used to fabricate field effect transistors (FET) with mobilities of ∼2 to 8 cm 2/(V s) and on/off ratios from 10 2 to 10 5, which are significantly higher than the mobility of 0.7 cm 2/(V s), and on/off ratio of 10 4 reported for FETs made with semiconducting SWNTs produced by SDS-assisted AGE. The excellent yield-cum-purity single-pass separation is achievable with this unique chemically selective CS-A dispersant with AGE because of its ability to wrap the nanotubes well, high degree of sulfation making the nanotube/CS-A hybrid highly charged and amine functionality resulting in preselectivity of metallic nanotubes, causing the latter to migrate much more effectively under a uniform electric field. © 2012 American Chemical Society.

MingSheng, Y, Yuan, F, RunYao, D, YangJia, L & NengKun, Y 2012, 'Quantum programming: From theories to implementations', CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN, vol. 57, no. 16, pp. 1903-1909.
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This paper surveys the new field of programming methodology and techniques for future quantum computers, including design of sequential and concurrent quantum programming languages, their semantics and implementations. Several verification methods for qu

Mirtalaei, MS, Saberi, M, Hussain, OK, Ashjari, B & Hussain, FK 2012, 'A trust-based bio-inspired approach for credit lending decisions', COMPUTING, vol. 94, no. 7, pp. 541-577.
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Credit scoring computation essentially involves taking into account various financial factors and the previous behavior of the credit requesting person. There is a strong degree of correlation between the compliance level and the credit score of a given entity. The concept of trust has been widely used and applied in the existing literature to determine the compliance level of an entity. However it has not been studied in the context of credit scoring literature. In order to address this shortcoming, in this paper we propose a six-step bio-inspired methodology for trust-based credit lending decisions by credit institutions. The proposed methodology makes use of an artificial neural network-based model to classify the (potential) customers into various categories. To show the applicability and superiority of the proposed algorithm, it is applied to a credit-card dataset obtained from the UCI repository. Due to the varying spectrum of trust levels, we are able to solve the problem of binary credit lending decisions. A trust-based credit scoring approach allows the financial institutions to grant credit-based on the level of trust in potential customers.

Mofijur, M, Masjuki, HH, Kalam, MA & Shahabuddin, M 2012, 'Experimental study of additive added palm biodiesel in a compression ignition engine', Energy Education Science and Technology Part A: Energy Science and Research, vol. 30, no. SPEC .ISS.1, pp. 1-12.
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In this study, the effect of anti oxidant additives on performance and emissions of a biofuelled engine was investigated experimentally and compared with diesel fuel. For this study four fuel sample including B0 (100% diesel fuel), B100 (100% palm biodiesel), B35 (35% palm biodiesel and 65% diesel) and B35+1% (B35 with 1% additives) was used in a multi cylinder compression ignition engine. Performance and emissions were investigated at various engine speeds of 1500 rpm to 4000 rpm at an interval of 250 rpm and with 50% throttle opening. To evaluate the performance characteristics brake power (BP), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and exhaust temperature were tested where as incase of emissions test nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), total hydrocarbon (THC) and carbon dioxide (CO2) were measured. The results showed that using 1% anti oxidant additive with higher percentages (35%) of palm biodiesel blend gave 2.7% lower brake power but it significantly reduced exhaust emissions including NOx emissions than diesel fuel. Based on this study fuel 'B35+1%' (35% biodiesel with 1% additives) was achieved as a promising alternative fuel for compression ignition engine. © Sila Science.

Mofijur, M, Masjuki, HH, Kalam, MA, Hazrat, MA, Liaquat, AM, Shahabuddin, M & Varman, M 2012, 'Prospects of biodiesel from Jatropha in Malaysia', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 16, no. 7, pp. 5007-5020.
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Mofijur, M, Masjuki, HH, Kalam, MA, Shahabuddin, M, Hazrat, MA & Liaquat, AM 2012, 'Palm Oil Methyl Ester and Its Emulsions Effect on Lubricant Performance and Engine Components Wear', Energy Procedia, vol. 14, pp. 1748-1753.
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Mohammady, M, Pourghasemi, HR & Pradhan, B 2012, 'Landslide susceptibility mapping at Golestan Province, Iran: A comparison between frequency ratio, Dempster–Shafer, and weights-of-evidence models', Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, vol. 61, pp. 221-236.
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Mohammed, T, Aryal, R, Vigneswaran, S, Loganathan, P, Kandasamy, J & Naidu, R 2012, 'Removal of heavy metals in stormwater by hydrous ferric oxide', PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS-WATER MANAGEMENT, vol. 165, no. 3, pp. 171-178.
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Stormwater runoff from urban and industrial areas contains several types of heavy metals that have negative ecological impacts on receiving waters, and therefore methods need to be developed to remove these pollutants. Combined removal of a mixture of heavy metal cations (Cu2þ, Zn2þ, Cd2þ, and Ni2þ) and an oxy anion (selenate, SeO42) from an artificially prepared stormwater was investigated by sorption of these heavy metals on hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) in a column experiment under intermittent runoff (wetting and drying) condition, as occurs between rainfall events in the field. The heavy metal removal behaviour varied between ions as well as with time. In each continuous column run (8 h) the amount of ions removed progressively decreased with time and reached a constant level at approximately 4â6 h. However, stopping the runoff for 40 h and starting the next runoff after this period removed a large quantity of heavy metals in the first few hours of this run. The intermittent runoff for seven runs showed that HFO has a high capacity to remove copper and zinc, which were present in higher concentrations in the stormwater than cadmium, nickel and selenium.

Mohammed, T, Loganathan, P, Kinsela, A, Vigneswaran, S & Kandasamy, J 2012, 'Enrichment, inter-relationship, and fractionation of heavy metals in road-deposited sediments of Sydney, Australia', SOIL RESEARCH, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 229-238.
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Urban road-deposited sediments (RDS) are potential sources of heavy metal pollution of both terrestrial and aquatic environments. We determined the heavy metals enrichments, their possible sources, and potential bioavailability and mobility in RDS from n

Mohammed, T, Vigneswaran, S, Loganathan, P, Kandasamy, J & Aryal, R 2012, 'Removal of Inorganic Contaminants from Simulated Stormwater by Three Sorbents in Columns Under Intermittent Runoff Condition', SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 47, no. 16, pp. 2340-2347.
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Combined removal of inorganic contaminants from a synthetic tormwater was investigated by their sorption on hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) (5%), HFO + Ca(OH)2(6%), and HFO + Ca(OH)2 + MnO2 (7%) in columns containing 93-95% anthracite, conducted under seven intermittent runoffs, each of 8 h duration with a 40 h (drying) period between them. At the initial period when Ca(OH)2 produced elevated pHs, the HFO column removed less metals but more Se than the HFO + Ca(OH)2 columns. With increased time when the pH effect of Ca(OH)2 became insignificant, the MnO2 in the column increased the removal of all contaminants. The removal efficiencies (%) at the flow rate of 0.75 m/h for Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn by the HFO + Ca(OH)2 + MnO2 column were 88-100%, and Se by the HFO column were 92-94% for the 1st and 3rd runs. The corresponding values for the 5th and 7th runs were 51-88% and 82-88%, respectively.

Mokhtar, M, Ali, MT, Khalilpour, R, Abbas, A, Shah, N, Hajaj, AA, Armstrong, P, Chiesa, M & Sgouridis, S 2012, 'Solar-assisted Post-combustion Carbon Capture feasibility study', APPLIED ENERGY, vol. 92, no. C, pp. 668-676.
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Solvent-based Post-combustion Carbon Capture (PCC) is one of the promising technologies for reducing CO2 emissions from existing fossil-fuel power plants due to ease of retrofitting. A significant obstacle in widely deploying this technology is the power plant output reduction (Output Power Penalty – OPP) due to the energy intensive CO2 separation process. In this paper we propose and theoretically evaluate a system to reduce the OPP by providing part of the PCC energy input using solar thermal energy. It is hypothesized that reducing the OPP during the daytime coincides with peaks in wholesale electricity prices thus increasing the revenue stream for a solar-assisted PCC (SPCC) plant. The general framework for assessing and sizing an SPCC system is presented. A techno-economic assessment is performed as a case study for a 300MWe pulverized coal power plant in New South Wales, Australia using actual weather and wholesale electricity price data. It is shown that the proposed technology can be economically viable for solar collector costs of US$100/m2 at current retail electricity prices and optimal Solar load-Fraction (SF) of 22% (SF is the portion of solvent regeneration energy provided by solar energy). The convergence of increasing electricity prices and decreasing collector costs improves SPCC viability at higher SF.

Molla, M, Saha, SC & Khan, MAI 2012, 'MHD natural convection flow from an isothermal horizontal circular cylinder under consideration of temperature dependent viscosity', Engineering Computations, vol. 29, no. 8, pp. 875-887.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss, with numerical simulations, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) natural convection laminar flow from an isothermal horizontal circular cylinder immersed in a fluid with viscosity proportional to a linear function of temperature.Design/methodology/approachThe governing boundary layer equations are transformed into a non‐dimensional form and the resulting nonlinear system of partial differential equations are reduced to convenient form, which are solved numerically by two very efficient methods: implicit finite difference method together with Keller box scheme; and direct numerical scheme.FindingsNumerical results are presented by velocity and temperature distributions of the fluid as well as heat transfer characteristics, namely the shearing stress and the local heat transfer rate in terms of the local skin‐friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number for a wide range of MHD parameter, viscosity‐variation parameter and viscous dissipation parameter.Originality/valueMHD flow in this geometry with temperature dependent viscosity is absent in the literature. IN this paper, the results obtained from the numerical simulations have been verified by two methodologies.

Molla, MM, Saha, SC & Hossain, MA 2012, 'The Effect of Temperature Dependent Viscosity on MHD Natural Convection Flow from an Isothermal Sphere', Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics, vol. 5, no. 02, pp. 25-31.
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Mollahasani, A, Alavi, AH & Gandomi, AH 2012, 'Reply to Comments on “Empirical modelling of plate load test moduli of soil via gene expression programming” by Ali Mollahasani, Amir Hossein Alavi, Amir Hossein Gandomi [Computers and Geotechnics 38 (2011) 281–286]', Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 39, pp. 73-74.
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Montavon, C, Gloss, BS, Warton, K, Barton, CA, Statham, AL, Scurry, JP, Tabor, B, Nguyen, TV, Qu, W, Samimi, G, Hacker, NF, Sutherland, RL, Clark, SJ & O'Brien, PM 2012, 'Prognostic and diagnostic significance of DNA methylation patterns in high grade serous ovarian cancer', Gynecologic Oncology, vol. 124, no. 3, pp. 582-588.
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Objective. Altered DNA methylation patterns hold promise as cancer biomarkers. In this study we selected a panel of genes which are commonly methylated in a variety of cancers to evaluate their potential application as biomarkers for prognosis and diagnosis in high grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC); the most common and lethal subtype of ovarian cancer. Methods. The methylation patterns of 10 genes (BRCA1, EN1, DLEC1, HOXA9, RASSF1A, GATA4, GATA5, HSULF1, CDH1, SFN) were examined and compared in a cohort of 80 primary HGSOC and 12 benign ovarian surface epithelium (USE) samples using methylation-specific headloop suppression PCR. Results. The genes were variably methylated in primary HGSOC, with HOXA9 methylation observed in 95% of cases. Most genes were rarely methylated in benign USE, with the exception of SFN which was methylated in all HGSOC and benign USE samples examined. Methylation of DLEC1 was associated with disease recurrence, independent of tumor stage and suboptimal surgical debulking (HR 3.5 (95% CI:1.10-11.07), p=0.033). A combination of the methylation status of HOXA9 and EN1 could discriminate HGSOC from benign USE with a sensitivity of 98.8% and a specificity of 91.7%, which increased to 100% sensitivity with no loss of specificity when pre-operative CA125 levels were also incorporated. Conclusions. This study provides further evidence to support the feasibility of detecting altered DNA methylation patterns as a potential diagnostic and prognostic approach for HGSOC.

Moore, JL, Dickson-Deane, C, Galyen, K, Kumalasari, C & Kwon, K 2012, 'The ZONE learning community: Gaining knowledge through mentoring', First Monday, vol. 17, no. 9, p. 8.
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Assisting doctoral students with developing teaching skills along with providing effective instruction is a common dilemma in academia. We propose a model for developing skill sets of two audiences, doctoral teaching assistants and students. For the teaching assistants, or ZONE mentors, they gain valuable and meaningful skills in course design, online feedback and evaluation, and demonstration of course concepts. For students, the ZONE model encourages self–direction, development of evaluation skills, and the ability to problem solve when assisting peers. Each audience gains experience through scaffolding and mentoring.

Moradi, A, Zhand, S, Ghaemi, A, Javid, N & Tabarraei, A 2012, 'Mutations in the S gene region of hepatitis B virus genotype D in Golestan Province-Iran', Virus Genes, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 382-387.
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Moroder, T, Curty, M, Lim, CCW, Thinh, LP, Zbinden, H & Gisin, N 2012, 'Security of distributed-phase-reference quantum key distribution', Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 109, p. 260501.
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Distributed-phase-reference quantum key distribution stands out for its easy implementation with present day technology. Since many years, a full security proof of these schemes in a realistic setting has been elusive. For the first time, we solve this long standing problem and present a generic method to prove the security of such protocols against general attacks. To illustrate our result we provide lower bounds on the key generation rate of a variant of the coherent-one-way quantum key distribution protocol. In contrast to standard predictions, it appears to scale quadratically with the system transmittance.

Mousavi, SM, Aminian, P, Gandomi, AH, Alavi, AH & Bolandi, H 2012, 'A new predictive model for compressive strength of HPC using gene expression programming', Advances in Engineering Software, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 105-114.
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Mueller, J & Stewart, MG 2012, 'The Terrorism Delusion: America's Overwrought Response to September 11', International Security, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 81-110.
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The reaction of Americans to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, has been massively disproportionate to the actual threat posed by al-Qaida either as an international menace or as an inspiration or model for homegrown amateurs. An examination of the activities of international and domestic terrorist “adversaries” reveals that exaggerations and distortions of the threat have inspired a determined and expensive quest to ferret out, and even to create, the nearly nonexistent. The result has been an ill-conceived and remarkably unreflective effort to react to an event that, however tragic and dramatic in the first instance, should have been seen to be of only limited significance at least after a few years. Not only has the terrorism delusion had significant costs, but the initial alarmed perspective has been so internalized that anxieties about terrorism have persisted for more than a decade despite exceedingly limited evidence that much fear is justified.

Mullard, JA & Stewart, MG 2012, 'Life-Cycle Cost Assessment of Maintenance Strategies for RC Structures in Chloride Environments', Journal of Bridge Engineering, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 353-362.
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Corrosion of the reinforcing steel can cause cover cracking and eventual spalling of reinforced concrete (RC) surfaces, resulting in costly and disruptive repairs. The present paper will compare the effect of maintenance and repair strategies on the timing, extent, and cost of remediation actions over the service life of a RC structure in a chloride environment. The paper presents a probabilistic reliability analysis, which is used to predict the likelihood and extent of corrosion-induced cracking to RC structures. A spatial time-dependent reliability model has been developed where concrete properties, concrete cover, and the surface chloride concentrations are treated as random fields. This allows for the calculation of the probability that a given extent of damage will occur for any time period. Maintenance strategies and repair efficiencies are incorporated in a Monte-Carlo event-based simulation analysis, allowing a comparison in terms of cost and number of repairs over the service life of a RC structure. Thus, the expected timing and extent of repairs can be predicted for various design parameters, inspection intervals, repair thresholds, maintenance strategies, and efficiency of repairs. Results are presented for a RC bridge deck subject to a marine environment. The life-cycle cost (LCC) analysis considers repair and user delay costs. User delay costs can be up to ten times higher than the cost of repair itself. The statistical variability of predicted LCCs can be large, with coefficients of variation exceeding one. © 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers.

Munro, WJ, Stephens, AM, Devitt, SJ, Harrison, KA & Nemoto, K 2012, 'Quantum communication without the necessity of quantum memories', Nature Photonics, vol. 6, no. 11, pp. 777-781.
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Nabavi, SF, Nejadi, S & Samali, B 2012, 'Technical and Economical Assessment of the Corrosion Preventive Methods for Maritime Reinforced Concrete Structures', Applied Mechanics and Materials, vol. 193-194, pp. 1005-1009.
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Corrosion of embedded steel reinforcing in concrete structures is the predominant phenomenon of premature deterioration of structures exposed to marine environment. In this study, the technical advantages and disadvantages of the most commonly corrosion preventive methods are investigated and then cost analysis by comparing the Present Value of the methods is carried out for 40 years of life time. This investigation proved that the lower cost methods have not shown an acceptable performance in long term and those which have exhibited a good performance, have increased the lifetime cost of structure considerably.

Naimi, B & Voinov, A 2012, 'StellaR: A software to translate Stella models into R open-source environment', Environmental Modelling & Software, vol. 38, pp. 117-118.
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Naqshbandi, M, Canning, J, Gibson, BC, Nash, MM & Crossley, MJ 2012, 'Room temperature self-assembly of mixed nanoparticles into photonic structures', NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 3.
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Nazem, M, Kardani, M, Carter, JP & Sheng, D 2012, 'A comparative study of error assessment techniques for dynamic contact problems of geomechanics', Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 40, pp. 62-73.
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Neshat, M, Adeli, A, Sepidnam, G & Sargolzaei, M 2012, 'Predication of concrete mix design using adaptive neural fuzzy inference systems and fuzzy inference systems', The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 63, no. 1-4, pp. 373-390.
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Neshat, M, Adeli, A, Sepidnam, G, Sargolzaei, M & Toosi, AN 2012, 'A Review of Artificial Fish Swarm Optimization Methods and Applications', International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 107-148.
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Abstract The Swarm Intelligence is a new and modern method employed in optimization problems. The Swarm Intelligence method is based on the en masse movement of living animals like birds, fishes, ants and other social animals. Migration, seeking for food and fighting with enemies are social behaviors of animals. Optimization principle is seen in these animals. The Artificial Fish Swarm Optimization (AFSA) method is one of the Swarm Intelligence approaches that works based on the population and stochastic search. Fishes show very intelligently social behaviors. This algorithm is one of the best approaches of the Swarm Intelligence method with considerable advantages like high convergence speed, flexibility, error tolerance and high accuracy. this paper review the AFSA algorithm, its evolution stages from the start point up to now, improvements and applications in various fields like optimization, control, image processing, data mining, improving neural networks, networks, scheduling, and signal processing and so on. Also, various methods combining the AFSA with other optimization methods like PSO, Fuzzy Logic, Cellular Learning Automata or intelligent search methods like Tabu search, Simulated Annealing, Chaos Search and etc.

Neshat, M, Sargolzaei, M, Masoumi, A & Najaran, A 2012, 'A New Kind of Pso: Predator Particle Swarm Optimization', International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 521-539.
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Abstract Today, swarm intelligence is widely used in optimization problems. PSO is one the best swarm intelligence methods. In the method, each particle moves toward the direction in which the best individual and group experience has happened. The most important disadvantage of this method is that it falls in local optima. To fix the problem, a metaheuristic method is proposed in this paper. There has always been a competition between prey and predator in the nature. Little birds often fly in a colony form to run away from birds of prey. Being inspired by the phenomenon, a new particle is added to PSO algorithm known as predator, also a new behavior called “Take flight from predator” is defined. This particle is responsible for attacking the colony of particles so as to prevent the premature convergence. With the predator attack to the colony, particles run away and again the chance rises for a Global optimum to be gained. The attack just caused particles dispersion and no particle dies. It can be repeated for m times and the optimal point is saved each time. To test the method, 12 benchmark functions were employed and the results were compared to OPSO, VPSO, LPSO, and GPSO methods. Regarding the results, the proposed method had a better performance.

Ng, SK, Holden, L & Sun, J 2012, 'Identifying comorbidity patterns of health conditions via cluster analysis of pairwise concordance statistics', Statistics in Medicine, vol. 31, no. 27, pp. 3393-3405.
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Nguyen, DN & Krunz, M 2012, 'Price-Based Joint Beamforming and Spectrum Management in Multi-Antenna Cognitive Radio Networks', IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 30, no. 11, pp. 2295-2305.
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We consider the problem of maximizing the throughput of a multi-antenna cognitive radio (CR) network. With spatial multiplexing over each frequency band, a multi-antenna CR node controls its antenna radiation directions and allocates power for each data stream by appropriately adjusting its precoding matrix. Our objective is to design a set of precoding matrices (one per band) at each CR node so that power and spectrum are optimally allocated for the node and its interference is steered away from unintended receivers. The problem is non-convex, with the number of variables growing quadratically with the number of antenna elements. To tackle it, we translate it into a noncooperative game. We derive an optimal pricing policy for each node, which adapts to the node's neighboring conditions and drives the game to a Nash-Equilibrium (NE). The network throughput under this NE equals to that of a locally optimal solution of the non-convex centralized problem. To find the set of precoding matrices at each node (best response), we develop a low-complexity distributed algorithm by exploiting the strong duality of the convex per-user optimization problem. The number of variables in the distributed algorithm is independent of the number of antenna elements. A centralized (cooperative) algorithm is also developed. Simulations show that the network throughput under the distributed algorithm rapidly converges to that of the centralized one. Finally, we develop a MAC protocol that implements our resource allocation and beamforming scheme. Extensive simulations show that the proposed protocol dramatically improves the network throughput and reduces power consumption. © 1983-2012 IEEE.

Nguyen, HT, Pourian, M, Bystrom, B, Dahlin, I, Duc, PT, Nguyen, TV, von Schoultz, B & Hirschberg, AL 2012, 'Low aglycone content in commercial soy drink products.', Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 52-56.
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The effectiveness of soy isoflavones to prevent bone loss in postmenopausal women is controversial. While consumption of soy in Vietnam is very high, we recently reported a prevalence of osteoporosis comparable to that of many Western populations. In the present study, we analyzed the isoflavone content of soy drink products commercially available in Vietnam and Sweden, and we also compared these products to 'home-made' soy drink from beans of different origin. The amounts of the bioactive aglycones (daidzein, glycitein and genistein) and their glycoside isomers were quantified by high-pressure liquid chromatography. We found that the total isoflavone content was low in all preparations, around 70-100 mg/L and of this only 10% were bioactive aglycones. Of these, the Vietnamese products contained significantly lower levels of glycitein than the products from Sweden and 'home-made' soy drink preparations. The results show that consumption of several liters of soy drink per day would be needed to achieve threshold levels for a protective effect on bone. There was no significant association between total protein and isoflavone content in different products. Accurate labeling of soy drink and other products eg of aglycone and glycoside content would allow health professionals and researchers to better explore the possible benefits of soy in dietary intervention studies.

Nguyen, HTT, von Schoultz, B, Nguyen, TV, Dzung, DN, Duc, PTM, Thuy, VT & Hirschberg, AL 2012, 'Vitamin D deficiency in northern Vietnam: Prevalence, risk factors and associations with bone mineral density', Bone, vol. 51, no. 6, pp. 1029-1034.
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Purpose: Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to osteoporosis and also to the risk of cancer, autoimmune disorders and cardiovascular diseases. This study sought to determine the prevalence of, and risk factors for, vitamin D deficiency and its relationship with bone mineral density (BMD) in a Vietnamese population. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 269 women and 222 men aged 13-83 years, who were randomly selected from urban and rural areas in northern Vietnam. Serum concentrations of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D [25(OH)D] and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum 25(OH)D levels below 20 ng/mL. BMD was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Results: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in women was 30%, almost two-fold higher than in men (16%). Significant predictors of vitamin D deficiency in women were urban residency (p<0.01) and age less than 30 years (p<0.01), whereas use of contraceptive pills was protective (p<0.01). In men, winter season was the only significant predictor of vitamin D deficiency (p<0.01). In multiple linear regression analysis, serum levels of 25(OH)D were positively associated with BMD in both women (p<0.001) and men (p<0.001). Conclusions: These data suggest that the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is high in the Vietnamese population, and that part of this prevalence could be explained by low exposure to sunlight (urban residency and winter season). The high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency should raise the awareness of potentially important health issues such as osteoporosis within the Vietnamese society

Nguyen, LN, Hai, FI, Kang, J, Price, WE & Nghiem, LD 2012, 'Removal of trace organic contaminants by a membrane bioreactor–granular activated carbon (MBR–GAC) system', Bioresource Technology, vol. 113, pp. 169-173.
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Nguyen, T, Ngo, H, Guo, W & Nguyen, V 2012, 'Phosphorous removal from aqueous solutions by agricultural by-products: A critical review', Journal of Water Sustainability, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 193-207.
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Phosphorous plays an essential role in the development of living organisms. Nevertheless, phosphorous pollution, known as the eutrophication, is regarded as one of main causes of water quality deterioration. Hence, the decontamination of phosphorous from aqueous solutions is of importance for eutrophication control and phosphorous recovery. This review paper investigates the potential use of agricultural by-products (ABPs) as biosorbents in remediation of phosphorous contaminated waters. It was found that the modified ABPs exhibit equivalent or higher sorption capacity of phosphorous compared to conventional adsorbents. The efficient removal of phosphorous by ABPs requires some chemical modifications. The application of ABPs is highly recommended because of their significant advantages, including the abundant availability, low cost, high efficiency and without detrimental impacts on the environment. As adsorptive removal of phosphorous by ABPs is a relatively new process, there are still many aspects for future research, such as development of novel and cost-effective modification techniques, modeling for process optimization, desorption, cost-benefit analysis etc. The improvements in these aspects are expected to make it the method of choice in the future.

Nguyen, TT, Ngo, HH, Guo, W, Li, J & Listowski, A 2012, 'Effects of Sludge Concentrations and Different Sponge Configurations on the Performance of a Sponge-Submerged Membrane Bioreactor', APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, vol. 167, no. 6, pp. 1678-1687.
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The performance of a novel sponge-submerged membrane bioreactor (SSMBR) was evaluated to treat primary treated sewage effluent at three different activated sludge concentrations. Polyurethane sponge cubes with size of 1Ã1Ã1 cm were used as attached growth media in the bioreactor. The results indicated the successful removal of organic carbon and phosphorous with the efficiency higher than 98% at all conditions. Acclimatised sponge MBR showed about 5% better ammonia nitrogen removal at 5 and 10 g/L sludge concentration as compared to the new sponge system. The respiration test revealed that the specific oxygen uptake rate was around 1.0â3.5 mgO2/gVSS.h and likely more stable at 10 g/L sludge concentration. The sludge volume index of less than 100 mL/g during the operation indicated the good settling property of the sludge. The low mixed liquor suspended solid increase indicated that SSMBR could control the sludge production. This SSMBR was also successful in reducing membrane fouling with significant lower transmembrane pressure (e.g. only 0.5 kPa/day) compared to the conventional MBR system. Further study will be conducted to optimise other operating conditions.

Nguyen, TTS, Lu, HY, Tran, TP & Lu, J 2012, 'Investigation of sequential pattern mining techniques for web recommendation', International Journal of Information and Decision Sciences, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 293-293.
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Increased application of sequence mining in web recommender systems (WRS) requires a better understanding of the performance and a clear identification of the strengths and weaknesses of existing algorithms. Among the commonly used sequence mining methods, the tree-based approach, such as pre-order linked WAP-tree mining algorithm (PLWAP-Mine) and conditional sequence mining algorithm (CS-Mine), has demonstrated high performance in web mining applications. However, its advantages over other mining methods are not well explained and understood in the context of WRS. This paper firstly reviews the existing sequence mining algorithms, and then studies the performance of two outstanding algorithms, i.e., the PLWAP-Mine and CS-Mine algorithms, with respect to their sensitivity to the dataset variability, and their practicality for web recommendation. The results show that CS-Mine performs faster than PLWAP-Mine, but the frequent patterns generated by PLWAP-Mine are more effective than CS-Mine when applied in web recommendations. These results are useful to WRS developers for the selection of appropriate sequence mining algorithms. © 2012 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Nguyen, TV & Eisman, JA 2012, 'Genetics and the Individualized Prediction of Fracture', Current Osteoporosis Reports, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 236-244.
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Recent genome-wide association studies have identified many genetic variants associated with fracture risk. These genetic variants are common in the general population but have very modest effect sizes. A remaining challenge is to translate these genetic variant discoveries to better predict the risk of fracture based on an individual's genetic profile (ie, individualized risk assessment). Empirical and simulation studies have shown that 1) the utility of a single genetic variant for fracture risk assessment is very limited; but 2) a profile of 50 genetic variants, each with odds ratio ranging from 1.02 to 1.15, can improve the accuracy of fracture prediction and classification beyond that obtained by conventional clinical risk factors. These results are consistent with the view that genetic profiling, when integrated in existing risk assessment models, can inform a more accurate prediction of fracture risk in an individual.

Ni, B-J, Fang, F, Xie, W-M, Xu, J & Yu, H-Q 2012, 'Formation of Distinct Soluble Microbial Products by Activated Sludge: Kinetic Analysis and Quantitative Determination', Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 1667-1674.
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Ni, B-J, Ruscalleda, M & Smets, BF 2012, 'Evaluation on the microbial interactions of anaerobic ammonium oxidizers and heterotrophs in Anammox biofilm', Water Research, vol. 46, no. 15, pp. 4645-4652.
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Ni, W & Collings, I 2012, 'Indoor wireless networks of the future: adaptive network architecture', IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 130-137.
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Ni, W & Collings, IB 2012, 'Adaptive Adjacent-Frequency Interference Mitigation in Multi-Hop Point-To-Point FDD Wireless Backhaul Networks', IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 16, no. 12, pp. 1988-1991.
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Ni, W, Collings, IB & Liu, RP 2012, 'Relay Handover and Link Adaptation Design for Fixed Relays in IMT-Advanced Using a New Markov Chain Model', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 1839-1853.
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Nimbalkar, S, Indraratna, B, Dash, SK & Christie, D 2012, 'Improved Performance of Railway Ballast under Impact Loads Using Shock Mats', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 138, no. 3, pp. 281-294.
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Niu, S, Ho, SL, Fu, WN & Zhu, J 2012, 'A Convenient Mesh Rotation Method of Finite Element Analysis Using Sub-Matrix Transformation Approach', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 303-306.
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This paper presents a novel sub-matrix transformation method on mesh rotation problems in the finite element analysis (FEA) of electric machines. This proposed approach is simple, convenient and readily implementable. For each rotor position, only the tr

Niu, S, Ho, SL, Fu, WN & Zhu, J 2012, 'Eddy Current Reduction in High-Speed Machines and Eddy Current Loss Analysis With Multislice Time-Stepping Finite-Element Method', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 1007-1010.
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The significance of eddy-current in high-speed permanent magnet machines cannot be underestimated in that it has serious implications on the machine's efficiency or even demagnetizes the PMs because of an overheating problem. It is necessary to accuratel

Nur, H, Lee Kee, G, Hamdan, H, Indra Mahlia, TM, Efendi, J & Cornelis Metselaar, HS 2012, 'Organosulfonic acid functionalized zeolite ZSM-5 as temperature tolerant proton conducting material', International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 37, no. 17, pp. 12513-12521.
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Nur, T, Johir, MAH, Loganathan, P, Vigneswaran, S & Kandasamy, J 2012, 'Effectiveness of purolite A500PS and A520E ion exchange resins on the removal of nitrate and phosphate from synthetic water', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 47, no. 1-3, pp. 50-58.
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Water pollution due to the excessive presence of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) is a serious environmental worldwide problem, because both species are implicated in the eutrophication of receiving surface waters and elevated nitrate concentration in drinking water can be toxic to infants. The removal efficiencies of nitrate and phosphate from water spiked with different ratios and concentrations of these nutrients by two ion-exchange resins (Purolite A500PS and Purolite A520E) were studied in batch kinetics and equilibrium adsorption experiments. Both purolites were found to be selective towards nitrate removal at all ratios of nitrate to phosphate in solution. Purolite A520E showed higher (<85%) removal efficiency of nitrate than Purolite A500PS (about 65%) from a solution containing 20mgN/L as nitrate and 10mgP/L as phosphate at a resin dose of 1.5 g/L. However, Purolite A500PS showed higher (65%) removal of phosphate than Purolite A520E (48%). Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models fitted well for the adsorption of nitrate on Purolite A520E (R2 = 0.950.96). However, the adsorption of nitrate on Purolite A500PS can be explained satisfactorily only by Freundlich model (R2 = 0.98). The adsorption of phosphate on the resins fitted well to Freundlich model (R2 = 0.90) for Purolite A500PS as well as for Purolite A520E (R2 = 0.90). The adsorption of phosphate and nitrate on both ion-exchange resins was much better described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2P0.99) than by pseudo-first-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.250.94).

Nuryani, N, Ling, SSH & Nguyen, HT 2012, 'Electrocardiographic Signals and Swarm-Based Support Vector Machine for Hypoglycemia Detection', ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 934-945.
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Cardiac arrhythmia relating to hypoglycemia is suggested as a cause of death in diabetic patients. This article introduces electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters for artificially induced hypoglycemia detection. In addition, a hybrid technique of swarm-based support vector machine (SVM) is introduced for hypoglycemia detection using the ECG parameters as inputs. In this technique, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed to optimize the SVM to detect hypoglycemia. In an experiment using medical data of patients with Type 1 diabetes, the introduced ECG parameters show significant contributions to the performance of the hypoglycemia detection and the proposed detection technique performs well in terms of sensitivity and specificity.

Obaidullah, K, Siriteanu, C, Yoshizawa, S & Miyanaga, Y 2012, 'Genetic Algorithm Parameter Requirements for Detection in MIMO Fading Channels', Journal of Signal Processing, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 251-258.
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O'Hara, K, Helmes, J, Sellen, A, Harper, R, ten Bhomer, M & van den Hoven, E 2012, 'Food for Talk: Phototalk in the Context of Sharing a Meal', HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION, vol. 27, no. 1-2, pp. 124-150.
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Photographic mementos are important signifiers of our personal memories. Rather than simply passive representations of memories to "preserve" the past, these photos are actively displayed and consumed in the context of everyday behavior and social practices. Within the context of these settings, these mementos are invoked in particular ways to mobilize particular social relations in the present. Taking this perspective, we explore how photo mementos come to be used in the everyday social setting of sharing meal. Rather than a simple concern with nutritional consumption, the shared meal is a social event and impor- tant cultural site in the organization of family and social life with culturally specific rhythms, norms, rights, and responsibilities. We present a system-4 Photos-that situates photo mementos within the social concerns of these settings. The system collates photo mementos from those attending the meal and displays them at the dining table to be interacted with by all. Through a real-world deployment of the system, we explore the social work performed by invoking these personal memory resources in the context of real-world settings of shared eating. We highlight particular features of the system that enable this social work to be achieved.

Oldfield, CC, McHenry, CR, Clausen, PD, Chamoli, U, Parr, WCH, Stynder, DD & Wroe, S 2012, 'Finite element analysis of ursid cranial mechanics and the prediction of feeding behaviour in the extinct giant A griotherium africanum ', Journal of Zoology, vol. 286, no. 2, pp. 171-171.
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Olofsson, T & Mahlia, TMI 2012, 'Modeling and simulation of the energy use in an occupied residential building in cold climate', Applied Energy, vol. 91, no. 1, pp. 432-438.
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Ong, HC, Mahlia, TMI & Masjuki, HH 2012, 'A review on energy pattern and policy for transportation sector in Malaysia', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 532-542.
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Ong, HC, Mahlia, TMI, Masjuki, HH & Honnery, D 2012, 'Life cycle cost and sensitivity analysis of palm biodiesel production', Fuel, vol. 98, pp. 131-139.
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Oven, KJ, Curtis, SE, Reaney, S, Riva, M, Stewart, MG, Ohlemüller, R, Dunn, CE, Nodwell, S, Dominelli, L & Holden, R 2012, 'Climate change and health and social care: Defining future hazard, vulnerability and risk for infrastructure systems supporting older people’s health care in England', Applied Geography, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 16-24.
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Health and social care systems (including the care needs of the population and infrastructures providing health and social care) are likely to be influenced by climate change, in particular by the increasing frequency and severity of weather-related hazards such as floods and heatwaves. Coldwaves will also continue to be challenging in the foreseeable future. Protecting people's health and wellbeing from the impacts of climate change is especially important for older people, as they are particularly vulnerable to climate-related hazards. In addition, the proportion of people aged 65 and over is projected to increase significantly. This paper addresses these issues through a discussion of our work to map variations across England in future hazards, vulnerability and risk. We explain how this mapping has been used to identify areas of the country where the built infrastructure serving the older age group might be most severely impacted by climate-related events over the next 20-30 years and where planning for adaptation and resilience is most urgently required. Based on a review of research on the links between extreme weather events and their impacts on older people's health and the care services on which they depend, we developed operational definitions of extreme weather-related hazards likely to place particular pressure on health and social care systems that are essential for older people's health and wellbeing. We consider ways to relate these to the latest climate projections for the 2030s from the UK Climate Impacts Programme (UKCP09); river and coastal flooding projections for the 2050s from the 2004 UK Government's Foresight Flood and Coastal Defence Project (Environment Agency, 2004); and demographic projections for 2031 produced by the Office for National Statistics, UK. The research highlights the complexity of undertaking future hazard and vulnerability assessments. Key challenges include: how to define future hazards associated with climate change; h...

Pal, U, Jayadevan, R & Sharma, N 2012, 'Handwriting Recognition in Indian Regional Scripts', ACM Transactions on Asian Language Information Processing, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1-35.
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Offline handwriting recognition in Indian regional scripts is an interesting area of research as almost 460 million people in India use regional scripts. The nine major Indian regional scripts are Bangla (for Bengali and Assamese languages), Gujarati, Kannada, Malayalam, Oriya, Gurumukhi (for Punjabi language), Tamil, Telugu, and Nastaliq (for Urdu language). A state-of-the-art survey about the techniques available in the area of offline handwriting recognition (OHR) in Indian regional scripts will be of a great aid to the researchers in the subcontinent and hence a sincere attempt is made in this article to discuss the advancements reported in this regard during the last few decades. The survey is organized into different sections. A brief introduction is given initially about automatic recognition of handwriting and official regional scripts in India. The nine regional scripts are then categorized into four subgroups based on their similarity and evolution information. The first group contains Bangla, Oriya, Gujarati and Gurumukhi scripts. The second group contains Kannada and Telugu scripts and the third group contains Tamil and Malayalam scripts. The fourth group contains only Nastaliq script (Perso-Arabic script for Urdu), which is not an Indo-Aryan script. Various feature extraction and classification techniques associated with the offline handwriting recognition of the regional scripts are discussed in this survey. As it is important to identify the script before the recognition step, a section is dedicated to handwritten script identification techniques. A benchmarking database is very important for any pattern recognition related research. The details of the datasets available in different Indian regional scripts are also mentioned in the article. A separate section is dedicated to the observations made, future scope, and existing difficulties related to handwriting recognition in Indian regional scripts. We hope that this survey will serve as a ...

Pan, Y, Ye, L, Ni, B-J & Yuan, Z 2012, 'Effect of pH on N2O reduction and accumulation during denitrification by methanol utilizing denitrifiers', Water Research, vol. 46, no. 15, pp. 4832-4840.
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Pang, SC, Kalam, MA, Masjuki, HH & Hazrat, MA 2012, 'A review on air flow and coolant flow circuit in vehicles’ cooling system', International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 55, no. 23-24, pp. 6295-6306.
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Pang, SC, Kalam, MA, Masjuki, HH, Badruddin, IA, Ramli, R & Hazrat, MA 2012, 'Underhood geometry modification and transient coolant temperature modelling for robust cooling networks', International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 251-258.
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In this current era, increasing computing power, effort to reduce prototypes' cost and time, and shorten design-to-product time urges the need of numerical computation. Higher cooling's load or requirement is attributed by higher power of engine. Also, higher quantity of heat exchangers and vehicles' styling resulted limited space at vehicles' hood. These factors have caused the design job of vehicles' hood and engine cooling system to be more crucial and challenging. A well designed and robust engine cooling system could sustain in the worst and toughest condition. One of the worst conditions for engine cooling system is sudden keying-off of engine after hill climbing and high speed driving. In this research, three dimensional computational fluids dynamic (CFD) is utilised to model the dynamic air flow at the hood with complicated geometry. On the other hand, one dimensional thermo-fluid model could simulate the system effect after including all the components in engine cooling system. With integration of both models, the transient coolant temperature before and after vehicles' keying off is simulated and is analysed thoroughly. Front-end hood geometry is morphed to reduce air separation at heat exchangers. Two cone-shaped air directing devices are included to guide higher volume of ram air toward frontal face of heat exchangers. Different heat soak scenarios are simulated and transient temperature trend is observed. The coolant temperature tends to increase tremendously when huge amount of heat soak could not be dissipated away in-time.

Pant, HR, Park, CH, Pant, B, Tijing, LD, Kim, HY & Kim, CS 2012, 'Synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic properties of ZnO nano-flower containing TiO2 NPs', Ceramics International, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 2943-2950.
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In this study, TiO2-impregnated ZnO nano-flowers were synthesized by one-pot hydrothermal process. Aqueous suspension containing ZnO precursor and commercial TiO2 NPs (P25) is heated at 140 °C for 2 h. The morphology and structure of as-synthesized particles were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), which revealed that TiO2 NPs were attached on the surface of ZnO flower. It was observed that the presence of TiO2 NPs in the hydrothermal solution could sufficiently decrease the size of ZnO flower. The hybrid nanostructure, with unique morphology, obtained from this convenient method (low temperature, less time, and less number of reagents) was found to be effective photocatalyst under UV-irradiation

Pant, HR, Park, CH, Tijing, LD, Amarjargal, A, Lee, D-H & Kim, CS 2012, 'Bimodal fiber diameter distributed graphene oxide/nylon-6 composite nanofibrous mats via electrospinning', Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, vol. 407, pp. 121-125.
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In this work, nylon-6 spider-wave-like nano-nets are fabricated by regulating the amount of graphene oxide (GO) in polymer solution during electrospinning. The spider-wave-like nano-nets that comprise interlinked thin (≈14 nm diameter) and thick fibers (≈192 nm diameter) are widely distributed throughout the mat when suitable amount of GO is blended with nylon-6 solution. The heterogeneous composite mats were composed of bimodal nanofibers in which pore diameter was sufficiently decreased. The acceleration in ionization and degradation of nylon-6 (due to formic acid) solution caused by well-dispersed GO sheet as well as the formation of hydrogen bond between nylon-6 molecules and GO sheet during electrospinning are proposed as the possible mechanisms for the formation of these spider-wave-like nano-nets

Parekh, HJ, Nguyen, HB, Hall, SL, Rehage, M, Anholm, J, Specht, L & Linkhart, TA 2012, 'Direct Pro-Inflammatory Effect of C-Reactive Protein on Human Pulmonary Artery Endothelial Cells', European Journal of Inflammation, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 357-363.
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C-reactive protein (CRP) has a prognostic role in cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. Recent data suggest its pro-inflammatory effects in atherosclerotic lesion formation. This raises the hypothesis of whether or not CRP has pro-inflammatory effects on pulmonary vasculature by inducing the production of endothelin-1 (ET)-1, a potent vasoconstrictor and proliferative cytokine, and expression of adhesion molecules which could culminate in inflammatory cell recruitment and vascular injury. Human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) were cultured and incubated with 25μg/ml of human recombinant CRP and with interleukin (IL)-1β 10ng/ml, a well-known activator of endothelial cells, which served as a positive control for 24 hours. Expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 was assessed by flow cytometry. Secretion of ET-1 from HPAECs was also evaluated. In this study we show that incubation of HPAECs with human recombinant CRP for 24 hours induced a significant increase in ICAM-1 expression (from 610 to 6553 mean fluorescence intensity, p < 0.005) and VCAM-1 expression (from 212 to 303 mean fluorescence intensity, p < 0.05), as compared to control. Adhesion molecule induction was similar to that observed in endothelial cells activated with IL-1β. Likewise, CRP potentiated the ET-1 production by HPAECs. The levels of ET-1 were significantly higher at 24 hours (control 19.94±3 vs CRP 46.54±18 pg/ml, p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study makes a novel observation that CRP induces expression of adhesion molecules and secretion of ET-1 in HPAECs. Our study provides the first evidence that CRP exerts direct proinflammatory effects on pulmonary artery endothelial cells.

Park, C-H, Jung, MY, Tijing, LD, Lee, HB, Kim, NS & Kim, CS 2012, 'Characterization and biostability of HA/Ti6Al4V ACL anchor prepared by simple heat-treatment', Ceramics International, vol. 38, no. 7, pp. 5385-5391.
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Park, C-H, Kim, C-H, Tijing, LD, Lee, D-H, Yu, M-H, Pant, HR, Kim, Y & Kim, CS 2012, 'Preparation and characterization of (polyurethane/nylon-6) nanofiber/ (silicone) film composites via electrospinning and dip-coating', Fibers and Polymers, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 339-345.
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Park, C-H, Kim, T-H, Lee, D-H, Tijing, LD, Yu, M-H, Moon, S-D & Kim, CS 2012, 'Magnetic Polishing of Titanium-Nickel Alloy Stents: Surface Characterization and Catheter Deployment Test', Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, vol. 43, no. 9, pp. 3006-3010.
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We report here for the first time the use of magnetic polishing to improve the surface finish of titanium-nickel (TiNi) stents for better performance. We investigated the effects of polishing time and rotational speed on the average surface roughness, surface chemical contents, and push-out load of stents. The magnetically polished stents show a decrease of 2.3 to 17.9 pct in surface roughness and a lower push-out load for stent deployment from the catheter.

Parr, G, Hailes, S, How, JP, McGeehan, J & Guo, YJ 2012, 'Guest Editorial: Communications Challenges and Dynamics for Unmanned Autonomous Vehicles', IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 849-851.
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Parr, WCH, Wroe, S, Chamoli, U, Richards, HS, McCurry, MR, Clausen, PD & McHenry, C 2012, 'Toward integration of geometric morphometrics and computational biomechanics: New methods for 3D virtual reconstruction and quantitative analysis of Finite Element Models', Journal of Theoretical Biology, vol. 301, pp. 1-14.
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Parvin, S, Hussain, FK & Ali, S 2012, 'A methodology to counter DoS attacks in mobile IP communication', MOBILE INFORMATION SYSTEMS, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 127-152.
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Similar to wired communication, Mobile IP communication is susceptible to various kinds of attacks. Of these attacks, Denial of Service (DoS) attack is considered as a great threat to mobile IP communication. The number of approaches hitherto proposed to

Parvin, S, Hussain, FK, Hussain, OK & Faruque, AA 2012, 'Trust-based Throughput in Cognitive Radio Networks', Procedia Computer Science, vol. 10, pp. 713-720.
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Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) deal with opportunistic spectrum access in order to fully utilize the scarce of spectrum resources, with the development of cognitive radio technologies to greater utilization of the spectrum. Nowa-days Cognitive Radio (CR) is a promising concept for improving the utilization of limited radio spectrum resources for future wireless communications and mobile computing. In this paper, we propose two approaches. At first we propose a trust aware model to authenticate the secondary users (SUs) in CRNs which provides a reliable technique to establish trust for CRNs. Secondly, we propose trust throughput mechanism to measure throughput in CRNs.

Parvin, S, Hussain, FK, Hussain, OK, Han, S, Tian, B & Chang, E 2012, 'Cognitive radio network security: A survey', JOURNAL OF NETWORK AND COMPUTER APPLICATIONS, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 1691-1708.
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Recent advancements in wireless communication are creating a spectrum shortage problem on a daily basis. Recently, Cognitive Radio (CR), a novel technology, has attempted to minimize this problem by dynamically using the free spectrum in wireless communications and mobile computing. Cognitive radio networks (CRNs) can be formed using cognitive radios by extending the radio link features to network layer functions. The objective of CRN architecture is to improve the whole network operation to fulfil the userâs demands anytime and anywhere, through accessing CRNs in a more efficient way, rather than by just linking spectral efficiency. CRNs are more flexible and exposed to wireless networks compared with other traditional radio networks. Hence, there are many security threats to CRNs, more so than other traditional radio environments. The unique characteristics of CRNs make security more challenging. Several crucial issues have not yet been investigated in the area of security for CRNs. A typical public key infrastructure (PKI) scheme which achieves secure routing and other purposes in typical ad hoc networks is not enough to guarantee the security of CRNs under limited communication and computation resources. However, there has been increasing research attention on security threats caused specifically by CR techniques and special characteristics of CR in CRNs. Therefore, in this research, a survey of CRNs and their architectures and security issues has been carried out in a broad way in this paper.

Parvin, S, Hussain, FK, Park, JS & Kim, DS 2012, 'A survivability model in wireless sensor networks', COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS, vol. 64, no. 12, pp. 3666-3682.
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In this paper, we present a survivability evaluation model and analyze the performance of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) under attack and key compromise. First, we present a survivability evaluation model of WSNs by representing the states of WSNs under

Peng, X, Niu, Z, Huang, S & Zhao, Y 2012, 'Personalized Web Search Using Clickthrough Data and Web Page Rating', Journal of Computers, vol. 7, no. 10, pp. 2578-2584.
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Personalization of Web search is to carry out retrieval for each user incorporating his/her interests. We propose a novel technique to construct personalized information retrieval model from the users’ clickthrough data and Web page ratings. This model builds on the userbased collaborative filtering technology and the top-N resource recommending algorithm, which consists of three parts: user profile, user-based collaborative filtering, and the personalized search model. Firstly, we conduct user’s preference score to construct the user profile from clicked sequence score and Web page rating. Then it attains similar users with a given user by user-based collaborative filtering algorithm and calculates the recommendable Web page scoring value. Finally, personalized informaion retrieval be modeled by three case applies (rating information for the user himself; at least rating information by similar users; not make use of any rating information). Experimental results indicate that our technique significantly improves the search performance.

Peng, X-P, Niu, Z-D & Huang, S 2012, 'Query Suggestion Based on the Query Semantics and Clickthrough Data', Advanced Science Letters, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 748-753.
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Query suggestion plays an important role in improving the usability of search engines. For a given query raised by a specific user, the query suggestion technique aims at recommending relevant queries which may suit user's potential information needs. Due to the complexity of Web structure and the ambiguity of users' inputs query, most of existing suggestion algorithms suffer from the problem of poor recommendation accuracy. In this paper, aiming at providing semantically relevant queries for users, we develop a novel, effective and efficient query suggestion model by the query semantics and clickthrough data. First, we propose a method which combines query similarity with query semantics information, and calculates subject relevance among queries by word frequency information and the word's concept of Knowledge Network (HowNet). Second we propose another method which utilizes bipartite graph (query-URL bipartite graph) to learn the low-rank query feature space, and then builds a query similarity matrix model based on the features. Based on these, we design a ranking algorithm to propagate similarities on users' query log information, and finally recommend semantically relevant queries to users. Empirical experiments on the click-through data of a commercial search engine have proved the effectiveness and the efficiency of our method.

Peng, Y, Xu, M, Ni, Z, Jin, JS & Luo, S 2012, 'Combining Front Vehicle Detection with 3D Pose Estimation for a Better Driver Assistance', International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 93-93.
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Driver assistant systems enhance traffic safety and efficiency. The accurate 3D pose of a front vehicle can help a driver to make the right decision on the road. We propose a novel real-time system to estimate the 3D pose of the front vehicle. This system consists of two parallel threads: vehicle rear tracking and mapping. The vehicle rear is first identified in the video captured by an onboard camera, after license plate localization and foreground extraction. The 3D pose estimation technique is then employed with respect to the extracted vehicle rear. Most current 3D pose estimation techniques need prior models or a stereo initialization with user cooperation. It is extremely difficult to obtain prior models due to the varying appearance of vehicles' rears. Moreover, it is unsafe to ask for drivers' cooperation when a vehicle is running. In our system, two initial keyframes for stereo algorithms are automatically extracted by vehicle rear detection and tracking. Map points are defined as a collection of point features extracted from the vehicle's rear with their 3D information. These map points are inferences that relate the 2D features detected in following vehicles' rears with the 3D world. The relative 3D pose of the onboard camera to the front vehicle rear is then estimated through matching the map points with point features detected on the front vehicle rear. We demonstrate the capabilities of our system by testing on real-time and synthesized videos. In order to make the experimental analysis visible, we demonstrated an estimated 3D pose through augmented reality, which needs accurate and real-time 3D pose estimation.

Perdomo, J, Jiang, X-M, Carter, DR, Khachigian, LM & Chong, BH 2012, 'SUMOylation Regulates the Transcriptional Repression Activity of FOG-2 and Its Association with GATA-4', PLoS ONE, vol. 7, no. 11, pp. e50637-e50637.
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Pezzaniti, D, Beecham, S & Kandasamy, J 2012, 'Stormwater detention basin for improving road-runoff quality', Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Water Management, vol. 165, no. 9, pp. 461-471.
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Both wet and dry detention basins are commonly used for the treatment of road runoff. The basin investigated in this study was located on the eastern side of the southern expressway in Adelaide, Australia. Event mean pollutant concentrations (EMCs) and total pollutant loads were determined for the basin inflows and outflows. The water quality parameters tested included pH, conductivity, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids (TDS), total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorous, total hydrocarbons, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, zinc and nickel. Six critical events were sampled in this manner during the course of the investigation. Total pollutant loads passing through as basin inflow were determined over the six monitored events. Comparison of basin inflow and outflow quality demonstrated that the average load reductions varied from as little as 18% for TDS up to 77% for total phosphorous and lead. While copper concentrations at the basin inflow were detected in four out of the six events, no detectable concentrations were found in the outflows. The average reductions for lead and zinc were more than 50% on more than 80% of occasions.

Pham, HN, Fujita, H, Ozaki, K & Uchida, N 2012, 'Estimating Method of Heat Distribution Using 3-D Resistance Matrix for Zone-Control Induction Heating Systems', IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 27, no. 7, pp. 3374-3382.
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This paper focuses on the analysis and control of the heat distribution in zone-control induction heating (ZCIH) systems, which consist of two or more split working coils and inverter units. This paper carries out theoretical analysis of the generated heat in the workpiece and reveals a relationship between the coil currents and the heat distribution. As a result, it is determined that the heat distribution can be estimated by a simple calculation using a 3-D resistance matrix. The experimental results which use a six-zone ZCIH laboratory setup, verify the validity of the developed theory.

Pham, TT, Nguyen, HH & Tuan, HD 2012, 'Relay Assignment for Max-Min Capacity in Cooperative Wireless Networks', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 61, no. 5, pp. 2387-2394.
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This paper is concerned with the problem of relay assignment in cooperative wireless networks having multiple sources, multiple relays, and a single destination. With the objective of maximizing the minimum capacity among all sources in the network, a mi

Phan, AH, Tuan, HD, Kha, HH & Ngo, DT 2012, 'Nonsmooth Optimization for Efficient Beamforming in Cognitive Radio Multicast Transmission', IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 60, no. 6, pp. 2941-2951.
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It is known that the design of optimal transmit beamforming vectors for cognitive radio multicast transmission can be formulated as indefinite quadratic optimization programs. Given the challenges of such nonconvex problems, the conventional approach in

Phan, AH, Tuan, HD, Kha, HH & Nguyen, HH 2012, 'Beamforming Optimization in Multi-User Amplify-and-Forward Wireless Relay Networks', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 1510-1520.
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Optimization problems of beamforming in multiuser amplify-and-forward (AF) wireless relay networks are indefinite (nonconvex) quadratic programs, which require effective computational solutions. Solutions to these problems have often been obtained by rel

Phithakkitnukoon, S, Leong, TW, Smoreda, Z & Olivier, P 2012, 'Weather Effects on Mobile Social Interactions: A Case Study of Mobile Phone Users in Lisbon, Portugal', PLOS ONE, vol. 7, no. 10, pp. 1-13.
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Phuntsho, S, Shon, HK, Hong, S, Lee, S, Vigneswaran, S & Kandasamy, J 2012, 'Fertiliser drawn forward osmosis desalination: the concept, performance and limitations for fertigation', REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND BIO-TECHNOLOGY, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 147-168.
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With the world's population growing rapidly, pressure is increasing on the limited fresh water resources. Membrane technology could play a vital role in solving the water scarcity issues through alternative sources such as saline water sources and wastewater reclamation. The current generation of membrane technologies, particularly reverse osmosis (RO), has significantly improved in performance. However, RO desalination is still energy intensive and any effort to improve energy efficiency increases total cost of the product water. Since energy, environment and climate change issues are all inter-related, desalination for large-scale irrigation requires new novel technologies that address the energy issues. Forward osmosis (FO) is an emerging membrane technology. However, FO desalination for potable water is still a challenge because, recovery and regeneration of draw solutes require additional processes and energy. This article focuses on the application of FO desalination for non-potable irrigation where maximum water is required. In this concept of fertiliser drawn FO (FDFO) desalination, fertilisers are used as draw solutions (DS). The diluted draw solution after desalination can be directly applied for fertigation without the need for recovery and regeneration of DS. FDFO desalination can make irrigation water available at comparatively lower energy than the current desalination technologies. As a low energy technology, FDFO can be easily powered by renewable energy sources and therefore suitable for inland and remote applications. This article outlines the concept of FDFO desalination and critically evaluates the scope and limitations of this technology for fertigation, including suggestions on options to overcome some of these limitations

Phuntsho, S, Shon, HK, Majeed, T, El Saliby, I, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J, Hong, S & Lee, S 2012, 'Blended Fertilizers as Draw Solutions for Fertilizer-Drawn Forward Osmosis Desalination', ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, vol. 46, no. 8, pp. 4567-4575.
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In fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis (FDFO) desalination, the final nutrient concentration (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK)) in the product water is essential for direct fertigation and to avoid over fertilization. Our study with 11 selected fertilizers indicate that blending of two or more single fertilizers as draw solution (DS) can achieve significantly lower nutrient concentration in the FDFO product water rather than using single fertilizer alone. For example, blending KCl and NH4H2PO4 as DS can result in 0.61/1.35/1.70 g/L of N/P/K, which is comparatively lower than using them individually as DS. The nutrient composition and concentration in the final FDFO product water can also be adjusted by selecting low nutrient fertilizers containing complementary nutrients and in different ratios to produce prescription mixtures. However, blending fertilizers generally resulted in slightly reduced bulk osmotic pressure and water flux in comparison to the sum of the osmotic pressures and water fluxes of the two individual DSs as used alone. The performance ratio or PR (ratio of actual water flux to theoretical water flux) of blended fertilizer DS was observed to be between the PR of the two fertilizer solutions tested individually. In some cases, such as urea, blending also resulted in significant reduction in N nutrient loss by reverse diffusion in presence of other fertilizer species.

Phuntsho, S, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J, Hong, S, Lee, S & Shon, HK 2012, 'Influence of temperature and temperature difference in the performance of forward osmosis desalination process', JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE, vol. 415, pp. 734-744.
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Forward osmosis (FO) is an emerging technology for low energy desalination. Amongst the many other factors, emperature of the draw solution (DS) and feed solution (FS) plays an important role in influencing the performance of the FO process. In this study, the influence of the temperature and the temperature difference on the performance of FO process has been studied in terms of water and solute fluxes. Temperature difference was maintained by elevating only one of the solutions (eitherDSorFS). The results indicate that, water flux on average increases by up to 1.2 % for every degree rise in temperature from 25°C to 35°C while this rise is 2.3% from 25°C to 45°C. Providing a temperature difference by elevating only the DS also enhanced the water flux significantly, although it was lower than FO process operated at isothermal conditions. However, elevating only the temperature of FS did not significantly improve the water flux although it was higher than the FO process operated at 25°C. This as significant implications in FO process because the total mass of the DS requiring heat energy is significantly less than the total FS used. The influences of temperature in the FO process such as through changes in the thermodynamic properties of the solutions and the various concentration polarisation effects are also explained in details.

Pijuan, M, Wang, Q, Ye, L & Yuan, Z 2012, 'Improving secondary sludge biodegradability using free nitrous acid treatment', Bioresource Technology, vol. 116, pp. 92-98.
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Pileggi, SF, Fernandez-Llatas, C & Traver, V 2012, 'When the Social Meets the Semantic: Social Semantic Web or Web 2.5', Future Internet, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 852-864.
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The social trend is progressively becoming the key feature of current Web understanding (Web 2.0). This trend appears irrepressible as millions of users, directly or indirectly connected through social networks, are able to share and exchange any kind of content, information, feeling or experience. Social interactions radically changed the user approach. Furthermore, the socialization of content around social objects provides new unexplored commercial marketplaces and business opportunities. On the other hand, the progressive evolution of the web towards the Semantic Web (or Web 3.0) provides a formal representation of knowledge based on the meaning of data. When the social meets semantics, the social intelligence can be formed in the context of a semantic environment in which user and community profiles as well as any kind of interaction is semantically represented (Semantic Social Web). This paper first provides a conceptual analysis of the second and third version of the Web model. That discussion is aimed at the definition of a middle concept (Web 2.5) resulting in the convergence and integration of key features from the current and next generation Web. The Semantic Social Web (Web 2.5) has a clear theoretical meaning, understood as the bridge between the overused Web 2.0 and the not yet mature Semantic Web (Web 3.0).

Pourghasemi, HR, Mohammady, M & Pradhan, B 2012, 'Landslide susceptibility mapping using index of entropy and conditional probability models in GIS: Safarood Basin, Iran', CATENA, vol. 97, pp. 71-84.
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Pourghasemi, HR, Pradhan, B & Gokceoglu, C 2012, 'Application of fuzzy logic and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to landslide susceptibility mapping at Haraz watershed, Iran', Natural Hazards, vol. 63, no. 2, pp. 965-996.
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Power, R, Reid, JP, Anand, S, McGloin, D, Almohamedi, A, Mistry, NS & Hudson, AJ 2012, 'Observation of the Binary Coalescence and Equilibration of Micrometer-Sized Droplets of Aqueous Aerosol in a Single-Beam Gradient-Force Optical Trap', The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, vol. 116, no. 35, pp. 8873-8884.
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Pradhan, B, Chaudhari, A, Adinarayana, J & Buchroithner, MF 2012, 'Soil erosion assessment and its correlation with landslide events using remote sensing data and GIS: a case study at Penang Island, Malaysia', Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, vol. 184, no. 2, pp. 715-727.
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Pradhan, M, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J & Ben Aim, R 2012, 'Combined effect of air and mechanical scouring of membranes for fouling reduction in submerged membrane reactor', DESALINATION, vol. 288, pp. 58-65.
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This study investigated the combined effect of air flow and use of granular support medium in suspension in a submerged membrane reactor to reduce membrane fouling. Lower membrane fouling and a slower rise in transmembrane pressure (TMP) were noticed when a higher air flow rate was used for membrane scouring. Further fouling reduction was achieved by adding a granular medium in the reactor. The results showed that in the absence of the granular medium, when air flow was tripled (from 600 to 1800 L/h/m2), the TMP development was decreased by 60%. TMP further dropped to 85% with the addition of granular medium (for the same air flow rate). The doubling of the air flow rate (from 600 to 1200 L/h/m2), without granular medium, led to a 32% reduction in TMP development at 10 L/m2.h. The same result was obtained at a lower air flow rate of 600 L/h/m2 with the granular medium. This result shows that the same reduction of TMP can be obtained by adding granular medium instead of doubling air flow rate. Therefore adding granular medium in the suspension (mechanical scouring) with air flow (air scouring) could be a sustainable alternative to applying high air flow in submerged membrane systems.

PURBA, JH, LU, JIE, ZHANG, G & RUAN, DA 2012, 'AN AREA DEFUZZIFICATION TECHNIQUE TO ASSESS NUCLEAR EVENT RELIABILITY DATA FROM FAILURE POSSIBILITIES', International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications, vol. 11, no. 04, pp. 1250022-1250022.
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Reliability data is essential for a nuclear power plant probabilistic safety assessment by fault tree analysis to assess the performance of the safety-related systems. The limitation of conventional reliability data arises from insufficient historical data for probabilistic calculation. This study describes a new approach to calculate nuclear event reliability data by utilizing the concept of failure possibilities, which are expressed in qualitative natural languages, mathematically represented by membership functions of fuzzy numbers, and subjectively justified by a group of experts based on their working experience and expertise. We also propose an area defuzzification technique to convert the membership function into nuclear event reliability data. The actual event reliability data, which are collected from the operational experiences of the reactor protection system in Babcock & Wilcox pressurized water reactor between 1984 and 1998, are then compared with the reliability data calculated from the new approach. The results show that fuzzy failure rates can be used as alternatives for probabilistic failure rates when nuclear event historical data are insufficient or unavailable for probabilistic calculation. This study also confirms that our proposed area defuzzification technique is a suitable technique to defuzzify failure possibilities into nuclear event reliability data.

Qayyum, U, Martin, A, Kim, J & Shim, DH 2012, 'Omni-VISER: 3D omni vision-laser scanner', Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, ACRA.
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Three dimensional perception has drawn significant attention recently partly due to the success of Kinect and 3D lidar such as Velodyne. Although quite successful, they still have some limitations such as limited sensing range or high costs prohibiting them for small-scale outdoor applications. This paper presents a novel 3D scanning system by integrating a continuously rotating laser head with an omni-directional vision which offers a full 360° field of view with sweeping range measurements. An extrinsic calibration procedure is also proposed, in which point correspondences are being used instead of calibration object. Key benefits of the proposed system are 1) the capability to provide full 3D measurements after each revolution and 2) a real-time texture based 3D mapping. The paper presents the experimental results of prototype hardware for 3D point cloud generation with texture and feature detection. An open source implementation of real-time point cloud generation is also made available.

Qiao, Y-M, M.N., JS & Tang, B-S 2012, 'On Isomorphism Testing of Groups with Normal Hall Subgroups', Journal of Computer Science and Technology, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 687-701.
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A normal Hall subgroup N of a group G is a normal subgroup with its order coprime with its index. Schur-Zassenhaus theorem states that every normal Hall subgroup has a complement subgroup, that is a set of coset representatives H which also forms a subgroup of G. In this paper, we present a framework to test isomorphism of groups with at least one normal Hall subgroup, when groups are given as multiplication tables. To establish the framework, we first observe that a proof of Schur-Zassenhaus theorem is constructive, and formulate a necessary and sufficient condition for testing isomorphism in terms of the associated actions of the semidirect products, and isomorphisms of the normal parts and complement parts. We then focus on the case when the normal subgroup is abelian. Utilizing basic facts of representation theory of finite groups and a technique by Le Gall (STACS 2009), we first get an efficient isomorphism testing algorithm when the complement has bounded number of generators. For the case when the complement subgroup is elementary abelian, which does not necessarily have bounded number of generators, we obtain a polynomial time isomorphism testing algorithm by reducing to generalized code isomorphism problem, which asks whether two linear subspaces are the same up to permutation of coordinates. A solution to the latter can be obtained by a mild extension of the singly exponential (in the number of coordinates) time algorithm for code isomorphism problem developed recently by Babai et al. (SODA 2011). Enroute to obtaining the above reduction, we study the following computational problem in representation theory of finite groups: given two representations ? and t of a group H over

Qin, L, Yu, JX & Chang, L 2012, 'Computing Structural Statistics by Keywords in Databases.', IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng., vol. 24, no. 10, pp. 1731-1746.
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Keyword search in RDBs has been extensively studied in recent years. The existing studies focused on finding all or top-k interconnected tuple-structures that contain keywords. In reality, the number of such interconnected tuple-structures for a keyword query can be large. It becomes very difficult for users to obtain any valuable information more than individual interconnected tuple-structures. Also, it becomes challenging to provide a similar mechanism like group-&-aggregate for those interconnected tuple-structures. In this paper, we study computing structural statistics keyword queries by extending the group-&-aggregate framework. We consider an RDB as a large directed graph where nodes represent tuples, and edges represent the links among tuples. Instead of using tuples as a member in a group, we consider rooted subgraphs. Such a rooted subgraph represents an interconnected tuple-structure among tuples and some of the tuples contain keywords. The dimensions of the rooted subgraphs are determined by dimensional keywords in a data driven fashion. Two rooted subgraphs are grouped into the same group if they are isomorphic based on the dimensions or in other words the dimensional keywords. The scores of the rooted subgraphs are computed by a user-given score function if the rooted subgraphs contain some of general keywords. Here, the general keywords are used to compute scores rather than determining dimensions. The aggregates are computed using an sql aggregate function for every group based on the scores computed. We give our motivation using a real data set. We propose new approaches to compute structural statistics keyword queries, perform extensive performance studies using two large real data sets and a large synthetic data set, and confirm the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach.

Qin, P-Y, Guo, YJ, Weily, AR & Liang, C-H 2012, 'A Pattern Reconfigurable U-Slot Antenna and Its Applications in MIMO Systems', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 516-528.
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A new compact pattern reconfigurable U-slot antenna is presented. The antenna consists of a U-slot patch and eight shorting posts. Each edge of the square patch is connected to two shorting posts via PIN diodes. By switching between the different states of the PIN diodes, the proposed antenna can operate in either monopolar patch or normal patch mode in similar frequency ranges. Therefore, its radiation pattern can be switched between conical and boresight patterns electrically. In addition, the plane with the maximum power level of the conical pattern can be changed between two orthogonal planes. Owing to a novel design of the switch geometry, the antenna does not need dc bias lines. The measured overlapping impedance bandwidth (|S11| <; -10 dB) of the two modes is 6.6% with a center frequency of 5.32 GHz. The measured radiation patterns agree well with simulated results. The antennas are incorporated in a 2 × 2 multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system to demonstrate the improvement in system capacity. In the real-time MIMO-OFDM channel measurement, it is shown that compared to omnidirectional antennas, the pattern reconfigurable antennas can enhance the system capacity, with 17% improvement in a line-of-sight (LOS) scenario and 12% in a non-LOS (NLOS) scenario at a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 10 dB.

Quevedo, DE, Aguilera, RP, Perez, MA, Cortes, P & Lizana, R 2012, 'Model Predictive Control of an AFE Rectifier With Dynamic References', IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 27, no. 7, pp. 3128-3136.
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Rahman, MM, Öztop, HF, Ahsan, A, Kalam, MA & Billah, MM 2012, 'MHD Mixed Convection in a Channel with a Triangular Cavity', Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications, vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 268-282.
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Rahman, MM, Öztop, HF, Ahsan, A, Kalam, MA & Varol, Y 2012, 'Double-diffusive natural convection in a triangular solar collector', International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 264-269.
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Rapeli, P, Fabritius, C, Kalska, H & Alho, H 2012, 'Do drug treatment variables predict cognitive performance in multidrug-treated opioid-dependent patients? A regression analysis study', Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, vol. 7, no. 1, p. 45.
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Rashid, U, Tuan, HD, Apkarian, P & Kha, HH 2012, 'Globally Optimized Power Allocation in Multiple Sensor Fusion for Linear and Nonlinear Networks', IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 903-915.
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The present paper is concerned with a sensor network, where each sensor is modeled by either a linear or nonlinear sensing system. These sensors team up in observing either static or dynamic random targets and transmit their observations through noisy co

Raza, M, Hussain, FK & Hussain, OK 2012, 'Neural Network-Based Approach for Predicting Trust Values Based on Non-uniform Input in Mobile Applications', COMPUTER JOURNAL, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 347-378.
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Ren, JM, Fu, Q, Blencowe, A & Qiao, GG 2012, 'Organic Catalyst-Mediated Ring-Opening Polymerization for the Highly Efficient Synthesis of Polyester-Based Star Polymers', ACS Macro Letters, vol. 1, no. 6, pp. 681-686.
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Ridoux, J, Veitch, D & Broomhead, T 2012, 'The Case for Feed-Forward Clock Synchronization', IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 231-242.
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Variable latencies due to communication delays or system noise is the central challenge faced by time-keeping algorithms when synchronizing over the network. Using extensive experiments, we explore the robustness of synchronization in the face of both normal and extreme latency variability and compare the feedback approaches of ntpd and ptpd (a software implementation of IEEE-1588) to the feed-forward approach of the RADclock and advocate for the benefits of a feed-forward approach. Noting the current lack of kernel support, we present extensions to existing mechanisms in the Linux and FreeBSD kernels giving full access to all available raw counters, and then evaluate the TSC, HPET, and ACPI counters' suitability as hardware timing sources. We demonstrate how the RADclock achieves the same microsecond accuracy with each counter.

Rismanchi, B, Saidur, R, Masjuki, HH & Mahlia, TMI 2012, 'Energetic, economic and environmental benefits of utilizing the ice thermal storage systems for office building applications', Energy and Buildings, vol. 50, pp. 347-354.
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Rismanchi, B, Saidur, R, Masjuki, HH & Mahlia, TMI 2012, 'Thermodynamic evaluation of utilizing different ice thermal energy storage systems for cooling application in office buildings in Malaysia', Energy and Buildings, vol. 53, pp. 117-126.
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Robinson, RG, Indraratna, B & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2012, 'Final state of soils under vacuum preloading', Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 729-739.
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Vacuum preloading of clay deposits is becoming an increasingly popular ground improvement technique. Although many studies have been reported in literature, the mechanism of vacuum preloading is still not properly understood. Soil under vacuum preloading is expected to undergo an inward lateral deformation, therefore the influence of lateral deformation on volumetric strain requires further analysis. This paper addresses this aspect through laboratory studies on reconstituted samples of kaolinite. The Rowe cell apparatus was modified to measure lateral deformation under various states of stress because lateral and vertical deformation of soil depends on its state of stress and associated lateral pressure. A method for predicting the volumetric and lateral strains under vacuum consolidation is proposed and then applied to two case studies in China.

Roohani-Esfahani, SI, Lu, ZF, Li, JJ, Ellis-Behnke, R, Kaplan, DL & Zreiqat, H 2012, 'Effect of self-assembled nanofibrous silk/polycaprolactone layer on the osteoconductivity and mechanical properties of biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds', Acta Biomaterialia, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 302-312.
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Rothberg, SJ, Halkon, BJ, Tirabassi, M & Pusey, C 2012, 'Radial vibration measurements directly from rotors using laser vibrometry: The effects of surface roughness, instrument misalignments and pseudo-vibration', Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 33, pp. 109-131.
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RUZINOOR, CM, SHARIFF, ARM, PRADHAN, B, RODZI AHMAD, M & RAHIM, MSM 2012, 'A review on 3D terrain visualization of GIS data: techniques and software', Geo-spatial Information Science, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 105-115.
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Sadat Hosseini, SS & Gandomi, AH 2012, 'Short-term load forecasting of power systems by gene expression programming', Neural Computing and Applications, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 377-389.
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Saha, SC 2012, 'Effect of MHD and heat generation on natural convection flow in an open square cavity under microgravity condition', Engineering Computations, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 5-20.
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Saha, SC & Khan, MMK 2012, 'An improved boundary layer scaling with ramp heating on a sloping plate', International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 55, no. 9-10, pp. 2268-2284.
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Saha, SC, Brown, RJ & Gu, YT 2012, 'Prandtl number scaling of the unsteady natural convection boundary layer adjacent to a vertical flat plate for Pr>1 subject to ramp surface heat flux', International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 55, no. 23-24, pp. 7046-7055.
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Saha, SC, Brown, RJ & Gu, YT 2012, 'Scaling for the Prandtl number of the natural convection boundary layer of an inclined flat plate under uniform surface heat flux', International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 55, no. 9-10, pp. 2394-2401.
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Saha, SC, Gu, Y, Molla, MM, Siddiqa, S & Hossain, MA 2012, 'Natural convection from a vertical plate embedded in a stratified medium with uniform heat source', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 44, no. 1-3, pp. 7-14.
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Saleem, M, Hossain, MA & Saha, SC 2012, 'Mixed Convection Flow of Micropolar Fluid in an Open Ended Arc-Shape Cavity', Journal of Fluids Engineering, vol. 134, no. 9.
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Numerical simulations for mixed convection flow of micropolar fluid in an open ended arc-shape cavity have been carried out in this study. Computation is performed using the alternate direct implicit (ADI) method together with the successive over relaxation (SOR) technique for the solution of governing partial differential equations. The flow phenomenon is examined for a range of values of Rayleigh number 102 ≤ Ra ≤ 106, Prandtl number 7 ≤ Pr ≤ 50, and Reynolds number 10 ≤ Re ≤ 100. The study is mainly focused on how the micropolar fluid parameters affect the fluid properties in the flow domain. It was found that despite the reduction of flow in the core region, the heat transfer rate increases, whereas the skin friction and microrotation decrease with the increase in the vortex viscosity parameter Δ.

Samali, B, Dackermann, U & Li, J 2012, 'Location and Severity Identification of Notch-Type Damage in a Two-Storey Steel Framed Structure Utilising Frequency Response Functions and Artificial Neural Network', ADVANCES IN STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 743-757.
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This paper presents a vibration-based damage identification method that utilises damage fingerprints embedded in frequency response functions (FRFs) to identify location and severity of notch-type damage in a two-storey framed structure. The proposed method utilises artificial neural networks (ANNs) to map changes in FRFs to damage characteristics. To enhance damage fingerprints in FRF data, residual FRFs, which are differences in FRF data between the undamaged and the damaged structures, are used for ANN inputs. By adopting principal component analysis (PCA) techniques, the size of the residual FRF data is reduced in order to obtain suitable patterns for ANN inputs. A hierarchy of neural network ensembles is created to take advantage of individual characteristics of measurements from different locations. The method is applied to laboratory and numerical two-storey framed structures. A number of single notch-type damage scenarios of different locations and severities are investigated. To simulate field-testing conditions, numerically simulated data is polluted with white Gaussian noise of up to 10% noise-to-signal-ratio. The results from both numerical and experimental investigations show the proposed method is effective and robust for detecting notch-type damage in structures.

Sanati, F & Lu, J 2012, 'An ontology for e-government service integration', COMPUTER SYSTEMS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 89-101.
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Composition and delivery of e-government web services is a challenging task. The lack of semantics in the current Web Services Description Language (WSDL) prevents automatic discovery and hence, automatic invocation and composition of those services. Thi

Schneider, S, Fallböhmer, M, Schallow, J, Hartung, J & Deuse, J 2012, 'Agile Prozessplanung im Produktentstehungsprozess', ZWF Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, vol. 107, no. 3, pp. 158-162.
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Increased product and process complexity as well as raised time and cost pressure within the product development process create the demand for continuous adjustment and new methods in the field of process planning. In answer of such permanent demand for adjustment in other fields, the concept of Agile Software Development has been evolved in the field of software development. Therefore this paper evaluates and describes the adaption of this approch for process planning leading to the concept of Agile Process Planning. © Carl Hanser Verlag.

Seiler, KM, Singh, SPN, Sukkarieh, S & Durrant-Whyte, H 2012, 'Using Lie group symmetries for fast corrective motion planning', The International Journal of Robotics Research, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 151-166.
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In this paper we develop an algorithmic framework allowing for fast and elegant path correction exploiting Lie group symmetries and operating without the need for explicit control strategies such as cross-track regulation. These systems occur across the gamut of robotics, notably in locomotion, be it ground, underwater, airborne, or surgical domains. Instead of reintegrating an entire trajectory, the method selectively alters small key segments of an initial trajectory in a consistent way so as to transform it via symmetry operations. The algorithm is formulated for arbitrary Lie groups and applied in the context of the special Euclidean group and subgroups thereof. A sampling-based motion planner is developed that uses this method to create paths for underactuated systems with differential constraints. It is also shown how the path correction method acts as a controller within a feedback control loop for real-time path correction. These approaches are demonstrated for ground vehicles in the plane and for flexible bevel tip needle steering in space. The results show that using symmetry-based path correction for motion planning provides a prudent and simple, yet computationally tractable, integrated planning and control strategy.

Shafie, SM, Mahlia, TMI, Masjuki, HH & Ahmad-Yazid, A 2012, 'A review on electricity generation based on biomass residue in Malaysia', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 16, no. 8, pp. 5879-5889.
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Shahabuddin, M, Kalam, MA, Masjuki, HH, Bhuiya, MMK & Mofijur, M 2012, 'An experimental investigation into biodiesel stability by means of oxidation and property determination', Energy, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 616-622.
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Shahabuddin, M, Masjuki, HH, Kalam, MA, Mofijur, M, Hazrat, MA & Liaquat, AM 2012, 'Effect of Additive on Performance of C.I. Engine Fuelled with Bio Diesel', Energy Procedia, vol. 14, pp. 1624-1629.
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Shaikh, AA 2012, 'Logic Formulation and Evaluation of Academic Constraints', International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 26-39.
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Shambour, Q & Lu, J 2012, 'A trust-semantic fusion-based recommendation approach for e-business applications', DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 768-780.
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Collaborative Filtering (CF) is the most popular recommendation technique but still suffers from data sparsity, user and item cold-start problems, resulting in poor recommendation accuracy and reduced coverage. This study incorporates additional information from the users' social trust network and the items' semantic domain knowledge to alleviate these problems. It proposes an innovative TrustSemantic Fusion (TSF)-based recommendation approach within the CF framework. Experiments demonstrate that the TSF approach significantly outperforms existing recommendation algorithms in terms of recommendation accuracy and coverage when dealing with the above problems. A business-to-business recommender system case study validates the applicability of the TSF approach.

Shannon, AG & Leyendekkers, JV 2012, 'Pythagorean Fibonacci patterns', International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 554-559.
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This article re-considers some interrelations among Pythagorean triads and various Fibonacci identities and their generalizations, with some accompanying questions to provoke further development by interested readers or their students.

Shao, L-Y, Wang, T, Canning, J, Cook, K & Tam, H-Y 2012, 'Bulk regeneration of optical fiber Bragg gratings', APPLIED OPTICS, vol. 51, no. 30, pp. 7165-7169.
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Sharma, G, Shon, HK & Phuntsho, S 2012, 'Electrocoagulation and crossflow microfiltration hybrid system: fouling investigation', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 43, no. 1-3, pp. 253-259.
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The fouling study of crossflow microfiltration (MF) was comparatively studied with feedwater containing kaolin suspension with and without electrocoagulation (EC) pre-treatment. An acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) MF membrane of pore size 0.4 lm was used in this study. The experiments were carried out at three different concentration of kaolin (100, 400 and 800 mg/l) and with three different crossflow velocities of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 l/min. When the feedwater was pre-treated by EC, the fouling was found to follow standard law of filtration. Besides the standard filtration law, the fouling mechanism also followed the classical cake filtration model due to formation of a secondary membrane.

Sharwood, LN, Elkington, J, Stevenson, M, Boufous, S & Wong, KK 2012, 'Severe obstructive sleep apnea and long distance truck driving: A case report', Open Journal of Preventive Medicine, vol. 02, no. 02, pp. 157-161.
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Sharwood, LN, Elkington, J, Stevenson, M, Grunstein, RR, Meuleners, L, Ivers, RQ, Haworth, N, Norton, R & Wong, KK 2012, 'Assessing Sleepiness and Sleep Disorders in Australian Long-Distance Commercial Vehicle Drivers: Self-Report Versus an “At Home” Monitoring Device', Sleep, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 469-475.
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Shekarchian, M, Moghavvemi, M, Motasemi, F, Zarifi, F & Mahlia, TMI 2012, 'Energy and fuel consumption forecast by retrofitting absorption cooling in Malaysia from 2012 to 2025', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 16, no. 8, pp. 6128-6141.
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Shekarchian, M, Moghavvemi, M, Rismanchi, B, Mahlia, TMI & Olofsson, T 2012, 'The cost benefit analysis and potential emission reduction evaluation of applying wall insulation for buildings in Malaysia', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 16, no. 7, pp. 4708-4718.
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Sheng Ye, Xianling Liang, Wenzhi Wang, Ronghong Jin, Junping Geng, Bird, TS & Guo, YJ 2012, 'High-Gain Planar Antenna Arrays for Mobile Satellite Communications [Antenna Applications Corner]', IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 256-268.
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Two large and low-profile panel antenna arrays, used as receiving and transmitting antennas for mobile satellite communications, are described. The receiving and transmitting arrays have overall dimensions of 120 cm × 20.7 cm × 1.3cm and 107.5 cm × 20.4 cm × 1.7 cm, respectively. They exhibit high gains and adequate efficiencies, due to integrated array designs. For the receiving panel array, a method using a number of high-efficiency subarrays, combined with a novel active integrated global feed network, is proposed. For the transmitting panel array, a number of high-efficiency subarrays, together with a novel compact waveguide feed network, is employed. Based on the above techniques, two large panel antenna arrays were successfully developed. We present the detailed designs of the subarrays, the passive and active feed networks, and the vertical transitions. Simulated and experimental results showed that the designed receiving and transmitting panel arrays achieved measured gains and efficiencies of 34.1 dBi and 48.2%, and 33.5 dBi and 36.3%, respectively, in each band. This indicated that the proposed antenna panels are good candidates for future satellite communications applications. © 2011 IEEE.

Sheng, DC & Yang, C 2012, 'Discussion of fundamental principles in unsaturated soil mechanics', Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 438-456.
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An unsaturated soil is a state of the soils. All soils can be partially saturated with water. Therefore, constitutive models for soils should ideally represent the soil behaviours over entire ranges of possible pore pressure and stress values and allow arbitrary stress and hydraulic paths within these ranges. The last two decades or so have seen significant advances in modelling behaviours of unsaturated soils. A review of constitutive models for unsaturated soils is presented. In particular, it focuses on the fundamental principles that govern the volume change, shear strength, yield stress, water retention and hydro-mechanical coupling. Alternative forms of these principles are critically examined in terms of their predictive capacities for experimental data, the consistency between these principles and the continuity between saturated and unsaturated states.

Shi, Y, Ji, Y, Sun, J, Wang, Y, Sun, X, Li, C, Wang, D & Chang, C 2012, 'Lack of health risk awareness in low-income Chinese youth migrants: assessment and associated factors', Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 385-393.
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Shim, WG, Abdul, JM, Mohammad, T, Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, HH & Kandasamy, J 2012, 'Biofilter in leachate treatment processes', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 41, no. 1-3, pp. 249-257.
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Landfill leachate is produced when rainwater infiltrates into the landfill and permeates through the decomposing waste within the landfill leaching out with it contaminants and pollutants. Untreated leachates can permeate ground water or mix with surface

Shon, HK, Nghiem, LD, Kim, S, Shu, L & Jegatheesan, JV 2012, 'Challenges in Environmental Science and Engineering, CESE-2011: 25–30 September, Ever Green Plaza Hotel, Tainan City, Taiwan', Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 47, no. 1-3, pp. 1-2.
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Shooshtari, A, Marzieh Hoseini, S, Nima Mahmoodi, S & Kalhori, H 2012, 'Analytical solution for nonlinear free vibrations of viscoelastic microcantilevers covered with a piezoelectric layer', Smart Materials and Structures, vol. 21, no. 7, pp. 075015-075015.
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Siddiqa, S, Hossain, MA & Saha, SC 2012, 'Double Diffusive Magneto-Convection Fluid Flow in a Strong Cross Magnetic Field With Uniform Surface Heat and Mass Flux', JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME, vol. 134, no. 11.
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Silitonga, AS, Atabani, AE & Mahlia, TMI 2012, 'Review on fuel economy standard and label for vehicle in selected ASEAN countries', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 1683-1695.
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Simon, A, Price, WE & Nghiem, LD 2012, 'Effects of chemical cleaning on the nanofiltration of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs)', Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 88, pp. 208-215.
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Singh, SPN & Waldron, KJ 2012, 'A stance period approach for simplified observation of galloping as applied to canines', Robotica, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 627-633.
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SUMMARYThe gallop is the preferred gait by mammals for agile traversal through terrain. This motion is intrinsically complex as the feet are used individually and asymmetrically. Simple models provide a conceptual framework for understanding this gait. In this light, this paper considers the footfall projections as suggested by an impulse model for galloping as a measurement simplifying strategy. Instead of concentrating on forces and inverse dynamics, this view focuses observations on leg motion (footfalls and stance periods) for subsequent gallop analysis and parameter estimation. In practice, this eases experiments (particularly for IR-based motion capture) by extending the experimental workspace, removing the need for single-leg contact force-plate measurements, and reducing the marker set. This provides shorter setup times, and it reduces postprocessing as data are less likely to suffer from occlusion, errant correspondence, and tissue flexion. This approach is tested using with three canine subjects (ranging from 8 to 24 kg) performing primarily rotary gallops down a 15 m runway. Normalized results are in keeping with insights from previous animal and legged robot studies and are consistent with motions suggested by said impulse model.

Singh, U & Kamal, TS 2012, 'Synthesis of thinned planar concentric circular antenna arrays using biogeography-based optimisation', IET MICROWAVES ANTENNAS & PROPAGATION, vol. 6, no. 7, pp. 822-829.
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Abstract: In this paper, we propose an optimization method based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm for thinning a large multiple concentric circular ring array of uniformly excited isotropic antennas and generate a pencil beam in the vertical plane with minimum relative side lobe level (SLL). The half-power beam width of the pattern is attempted to make equal to that of a fully populated array of same size and shape. The synthesis is performed with a standard particle swarm optimization technique as well as with an improved version of standard PSO. Simulation results of the proposed thinned array are compared with a fully populated array to illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.

Siriteanu, C, Miyanaga, Y, Blostein, SD, Kuriki, S & Shi, X 2012, 'MIMO Zero-Forcing Detection Analysis for Correlated and Estimated Rician Fading', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 61, no. 7, pp. 3087-3099.
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Sofi, M, Mendis, PA & Baweja, D 2012, 'Estimating early-age in situ strength development of concrete slabs', CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 659-666.
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Post-tensioned concrete members are becoming very popular around the world due to structural efficiencies. However, some important issues related to concrete properties are not resolved yet. A more accurate prediction of the in situ early-age strength is

Solà, J, Vidal-Calleja, T, Civera, J & Montiel, JMM 2012, 'Impact of Landmark Parametrization on Monocular EKF-SLAM with Points and Lines', International Journal of Computer Vision, vol. 97, no. 3, pp. 339-368.
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This paper explores the impact that landmark parametrization has in the performance of monocular, EKF-based, 6-DOF simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) in the context of undelayed landmark initialization. Undelayed initialization in monocular SLA

Sołowski, WT, Hofmann, M, Hofstetter, G, Sheng, D & Sloan, SW 2012, 'A comparative study of stress integration methods for the Barcelona Basic Model', Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 44, pp. 22-33.
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Somma, RD, Nagaj, D & Kieferová, M 2012, 'Quantum Speedup by Quantum Annealing', Physical Review Letters, vol. 109, no. 5, pp. 050501-050501.
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We study the glued-trees problem from A. M. Childs, R. Cleve, E. Deotto, E. Farhi, S. Gutmann, and D. Spielman, in Proceedings of the 35th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing (ACM, San Diego, CA, 2003), p. 59. in the adiabatic model of quantum computing and provide an annealing schedule to solve an oracular problem exponentially faster than classically possible. The Hamiltonians involved in the quantum annealing do not suffer from the so-called sign problem. Unlike the typical scenario, our schedule is efficient even though the minimum energy gap of the Hamiltonians is exponentially small in the problem size. We discuss generalizations based on initial-state randomization to avoid some slowdowns in adiabatic quantum computing due to small gaps.

Sood, S 2012, 'The Death of Social Media in Start-Up Companies and the Rise of S-Commerce', Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 1-15.
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Startup employees led by the entrepreneur are masters of embracing complexity. This means the startup team understands cause and effect follow a non-linear relationship with the subtlest of changes potentially resultant in producing chaotic behavior and surprise. For the startup, this means counterintuitive thinking wins the day. In light of this, small expenditures can have a greater impact on developing new business. The startup employee prefers not to be constrained by desktop or the old broadcast model of email; instead exploiting social technologies anywhere. A startup is a learning organization improving processes and results on an ongoing basis mirroring entrepreneurship as a learning process. Startup employees realize success goes beyond consideration of product functionality or a track record built on an existing base of customers. With major technology disruptions during 2012-2014, the potential to launch a “startup-in-a-box” integrating social, mobile, and wearable computing technology is a reality and essential. Only through a combination of social technologies can startups and founding employees maintain pace with the changing business landscape and generate a rapid amount of knowledge to sustain sufficient advantage in the market. Furthermore, the forthcoming death of social media and rise of S-commerce as convergence with E-commerce progresses to help generate revenues from newfound knowledge perfectly complements startup employees.

Sood, SC & Pattinson, HM 2012, '21st Century applicability of the interaction model: Does pervasiveness of social media in B2B marketing increase business dependency on the interaction model?', Journal of Customer Behaviour, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 117-128.
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The IMP interaction model (Håkansson, 1982, p. 24) has survived academic and managerial scrutiny for three decades. Simultaneously, a techno-economic revolution has emerged reshaping B2B communication and interaction through digitising the global economy. In the 21st century, mobile devices directly connect with social interactions of people and businesses through the exemplary social media of Facebook, Twitter, Google Plus, LinkedIn and YouTube. The pervasiveness of social media technologies and applications enables not just the generation of online conversations but enhances B2B collaboration activities atop the B2B and intra business conversations. On this basis, consideration of social media within the context of the IMP interaction model (ibid.) is essential when undertaking any worthwhile contemporary study of B2B marketing.

Stewart, MG 2012, 'Spatial and time-dependent reliability modelling of corrosion damage, safety and maintenance for reinforced concrete structures', Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 607-619.
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The article reviews how spatial and time-dependent modelling of deterioration process can be used to provide a more realistic assessment of the reliability, safety and maintenance options for reinforced concrete structures. The present article will assess (i) the effect of spatially variable pitting corrosion and concrete strength on safety and structural reliability of RC columns and (ii) the effect of corrosion-induced cover cracking on the number, timing and extent of repair actions for RC structures. It was shown that probabilities of failure considering spatial variability of concrete and reinforcement were up to 450% higher than probabilities of failure obtained from a non-spatial analysis. Finally, the article will discuss aspects of deterioration modelling in need of improvement that will enable predictions of the safety and maintenance needs of a structure over its service life to be made with more confidence. © 2012 Taylor and Francis.

Stewart, MG & O’Connor, A 2012, 'Probabilistic risk assessment and service life performance management of load bearing biomedical implants', Reliability Engineering & System Safety, vol. 108, pp. 49-55.
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It is important to consider the performance of load bearing biomedical implants as a stochastic problem. This provides scope to optimise their whole life performance in terms of design and lifetime performance management measures with the aim of minimisation of the need for replacement, or the number of replacements, during the expected life of the patient. An important parallel is developed with the field of structural reliability analysis (i.e., probabilistic assessment) which has developed in recent years with great success in optimisation of whole life performance of load bearing infrastructure systems. This paper demonstrates how this same methodology can be employed in the field of biomedical engineering to optimise the design and whole life performance of implants considering factors such as (i) deterioration with age, and (ii) stochastic variation in load. The paper also demonstrates the importance of Bayesian updating and correlation modelling in considering the design and whole life performance optimisation of biomedical implants. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

Stewart, MG, Netherton, MD, Shi, Y, Grant, M & Mueller, J 2012, 'Probabilistic terrorism risk assessment and risk acceptability for infrastructure protection', Australian Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 13, no. 1.
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In the decade since the events of 9/11 there has been renewed interest in understanding the risks of terrorism, and the effectiveness of counter-terrorism measures. Since there is uncertainty associated with terrorist threats, structural and system response, effectiveness of counter-terrorism and protective measures, and terrorists' ability to inflict damage, then there is clearly a need for probabilistic approaches to assessing and mitigating terrorism risks. The paper reviews research projects related to probabilistic terrorism risk assessment and risk acceptability for infrastructure protection currently underway at The University of Newcastle. The review of probabilistic risk assessments are given for: (i) IED design and initiation, and predicting variability of time-pressure load history on infrastructure; (ii) reinforced-concrete structural systems; (iii) full- body scanners used at airports in the United States; and (iv) buildings subject to a terrorist vehicle- borne improvised explosive device. The illustrative examples will highlight research capabilities at the University of Newcastle and identify research challenges to be faced in the future.

Stewart, MG, Wang, X & Nguyen, MN 2012, 'Climate change adaptation for corrosion control of concrete infrastructure', Structural Safety, vol. 35, pp. 29-39.
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The durability of concrete is determined largely by its deterioration over time which is affected by the environment. Climate change may alter this environment, especially in the longer term, causing an acceleration of reinforcement corrosion that will affect the safety and serviceability of concrete infrastructure in Australia, US, Europe, China and elsewhere. This paper reviews advanced simulation procedures to predict increases in damage (corrosion) risks under a changing climate in Australia in terms of changes in probability of reinforcement corrosion initiation and corrosion induced damage due to (i) increase in the concentration of CO 2 in the atmosphere, and changes to (ii) temperature and (iii) humidity. These time and spatial variables will affect the penetration of aggressive agents CO 2 and chlorides into concrete, and the corrosion rate once corrosion initiation occurs. The effectiveness of adaptation measures for new and existing buildings, bridges, and other concrete infrastructure is then assessed. Carbonation-induced damage risks may increase by more than 16% which means that one in six structures will experience additional and costly corrosion damage by 2100. We show that the impact of climate change on infrastructure deterioration cannot be ignored, but can be addressed by changes to design procedures including increases in cover thickness, improved quality of concrete, and coatings and barriers. For example, an increase in design cover of 10mm and 5mm for structures where carbonation or chlorides govern durability, respectively, will ameliorate the effects of a changing climate. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.

Stratford, T, Lal, S & Meara, A 2012, 'Neuroanalysis of Therapeutic Alliance in the Symptomatically Anxious: The Physiological Connection Revealed between Therapist and Client', American Journal of Psychotherapy, vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 1-21.
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This study was an attempt to establish neurophysiological correlates, particularly brain activity, during high therapeutic alliance (TA) between client and therapist. The aim was to assess electroencephalography (EEG) activity in clients with symptomatic anxiety during high TA using skin conductance resonance measurements from both client and therapist. Thirty clients, aged 43.8 +/- 11.5 years (males: n=15 females: n=15), underwent six, weekly, 1-hour sessions (180 hours of repeated measures). The EEG activity was measured from the prefrontal, temporal, parietal and occipital sites during the sessions. State and trait anxiety, Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) and heart rate measures were obtained before and after each session. Prefrontal, parietal and occipital sites were associated with TA. Anxiety and heart rate were found to decrease after therapy, and for both the client and the therapist, the WAI score increased significantly in later sessions. The results are discussed from the perspective of further understanding the neurophysiological associations to TA

Su, MT, Lin, CT & Hsu, KW 2012, 'A novel method for locating solder joints based on modified binary potential function', International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information and Control, vol. 8, no. 1 B, pp. 911-932.
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The solder joint location on inductors is an extremely important aspect of the industrial process; in particular, the visual location plays a fundamental role. The visual-location process is often carried out by human experts. The disadvantages associated with manual location are the large amount of time required and reduced efficiency as operator fatigue occurs. In addition, as electronic products now tend to be miniaturized, portable and with dense component layout, manual location is becoming unreliable. This has prompted the development of automatic visual-location systems to speed up the location process, increase production efficiency and improve manufacture yield rate. In this paper, vie propose an automatic visual-location method for solder joints to address the problem of feature extraction in digital images, using the concept of potential functions (PF). In order to make the location method more suitable for the inductor industry, the virtual external electric field concept is introduced. The proposed location system, which uses modified binary potential functions (MBPF), has been implemented and tested with three kinds of inductors. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme performs with a high degree of accuracy, even with testing samples that are significantly different in appearance. © 2012 ICIC International.

Su, MT, Lin, CT, Hsu, SC, Li, DL, Lin, CJ & Chen, CH 2012, 'Nonlinear system control using functional-link-based neuro-fuzzy network model embedded with modified particle swarm optimizer', International Journal of Fuzzy Systems, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 97-109.
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This study presents an evolutionary neural fuzzy system (NFS) for nonlinear system control. The proposed NFS model uses functional link neural networks (FLNNs) as the consequent part of the fuzzy rules. This study uses orthogonal polynomials and linearly independent functions in a functional expansion of the functional link neural networks. A learning algorithm, which consists of structure learning and parameter learning, is presented. The structure learning depends on the entropy measure to determine the number of fuzzy rules. The parameter learning, based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, can adjust the shape of the membership function and the corresponding weighting of the FLNN. The distance-based mutation operator, which strongly encourages a global search giving the particles more chance of converging to the global optimum, is introduced. The simulation results have shown the proposed method can improve the searching ability and is very suitable for the nonlinear system control applications. © 2012 TFSA.

Su, SW, Anderson, BDO, Chen, W & Nguyen, HT 2012, 'Multi-realization of nonlinear systems', AUTOMATICA, vol. 48, no. 7, pp. 1455-1461.
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The system multi-realization problem is to find a state-variable realization for a set of systems, sharing as many parameters as possible. A multi-realization can be used to efficiently implement a multi-controller architecture for multiple model adaptive control. We extend the linear multi-realization problem to nonlinear systems. The problem of minimal multi-realization of a set of MIMO systems is introduced and solved for static feedback linearizable systems.

Suits, LD, Sheahan, TC, Indraratna, B, Karimullah Hussaini, SK & Vinod, JS 2012, 'On The Shear Behavior of Ballast-Geosynthetic Interfaces', Geotechnical Testing Journal, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 103317-103317.
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Suksiripattanapong, C, Chinkulkijniwat, A, Horpibulsuk, S, Rujikiatkamjorn, C & Tanhsutthinon, T 2012, 'Numerical analysis of bearing reinforcement earth (BRE) wall', Geotextiles and Geomembranes, vol. 32, pp. 28-37.
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Sun, J & Buys, N 2012, 'Early executive function deficit in preterm children and its association with neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood: a literature review', International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 291-299.
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Abstract The purpose of this study is to examine the association of deficits of executive function (EF) and neurodevelopmental disorders in preterm children and the potential of assessing EF in infants as means of early identification. EF refers to a collection of related but somewhat discrete abilities, the main ones being working memory, inhibition, and planning. There is a general consensus that EF governs goal-directed behavior that requires holding those plans or programs on-line until executed, inhibiting irrelevant action and planning a sequence of actions. EF plays an essential role in cognitive development and is vital to individual social and intellectual success. Most researchers believe in the coordination and integrate cognitive–perceptual processes in relation to time and space, thus regulating higher-order cognitive processes, such as problem solving, reasoning, logical and flexible thinking, and decision-making. The importance of the maturation of the frontal lobe, particularly the prefrontal cortex, to the development of EF in childhood has been emphasized. Therefore, any abnormal development in the prefrontal lobes of infants and children could be expected to result in significant deficits in cognitive functioning. As this is a late-maturing part of the brain, various neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, language disorders, and schizophrenia, as well as acquired disorders of the right brain (and traumatic brain injury) impair EF, and the prefrontal cortex may be particularly susceptible to delayed development in these populations. The deficits of EF in infants are persistent into childhood and related to neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood and adolescence.

Sun, J, Buys, N & Wang, X 2012, 'Association between low income, depression, self-efficacy and mass-incident-related strains: an understanding of mass incidents in China', Journal of Public Health, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 340-347.
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Sun, J, Buys, N & Wang, X 2012, 'Depressive Symptoms, Family Functioning, University Environment, and Social Support: a Population Based Study in University Students in Beijing China', International Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 41-47.
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Sun, J, Buys, NJ & Merrick, J 2012, 'Community singing: what does that have to do with health?', International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 281-282.
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No abstract available.

Sun, J, Stewart, D, Yuan, BJ & Zhang, SH 2012, 'Validation and normalization of the General Health Questionnaire 30 in parents with primary school children in China', Comprehensive Psychiatry, vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 593-599.
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Sun, X-C, Cui, H-Y, Liu, R-P, Chen, J-Y & Liu, Y-J 2012, 'Modeling deterministic echo state network with loop reservoir', Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE C, vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 689-701.
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SUN, Y & MIYANAGA, Y 2012, 'A Noise-Robust Continuous Speech Recognition System Using Block-Based Dynamic Range Adjustment', IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, vol. E95-D, no. 3, pp. 844-852.
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Suñer, S, Tipper, JL & Emami, N 2012, 'Biological effects of wear particles generated in total joint replacements: trends and future prospects', Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 39-52.
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Joint replacements have considerably improved the quality of life of patients with joints damaged by disease or trauma. However, problems associated with wear particles generated due to the relative motion between the components of the bearing are still present and can lead to the eventual failure of the implant. The biological response to wear debris affects directly the longevity of the prosthesis. The identification of the mechanisms by which cells respond to wear debris and how particles distribute into the human body may provide valuable information for the long term success of artificial joints. During the last few decades, orthopaedic research has been focused on predicting the in vivo performance of joint replacements. However, the exact relationship between material physicochemical properties and inflammatory response has not been fully understood. Laboratory wear simulators provide an accurate prediction of implant wear performance. Though, particles generated from such wear simulators require validation to compare them with particles extracted from peri-implant tissues. This review focuses initially on the current status of total joint replacements (hard on soft and hard on hard bearings) as well as on the tribological behaviour of the potential materials currently under investigation. Then, the correspondence between particles observed in vivo and those generated in vitro to predict the cellular response to wear debris is discussed. Finally, the biological effects of the degradation products generated by wear and corrosion are described. © 2012 W. S. Maney & Son Ltd.

Surawski, NC, Ristovski, ZD, Brown, RJ & Situ, R 2012, 'Gaseous and particle emissions from an ethanol fumigated compression ignition engine', ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 145-151.
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Sutcliffe, PJ, Solomon, A & Edwards, J 2012, 'Computing the variance of tour costs over the solution space of the TSP in polynomial time', Computational Optimization and Applications, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 711-728.
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We give an O(n 2) time algorithm to find the population variance of tour costs over the solution space of the n city symmetric Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). The algorithm has application in both the stochastic case, where the problem is specified in terms of edge costs which are pairwise independently distributed random variables with known mean and variance, and the numeric edge cost case. We apply this result to provide empirical evidence that, in a range of real world problem sets, the optimal tour cost correlates with a simple function of the mean and variance of tour costs

Suurbach, JH, McGowan, EM, Simpson, A, Tran, N & Martiniello-Wilks, R 2012, 'A unique bioluminescent prostate cancer mouse model for the evaluation of stem-cell based gene therapy', JOURNAL OF TISSUE ENGINEERING AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE, vol. 6, pp. 288-288.

Sweetman, LJ, Nghiem, L, Chironi, I, Triani, G, in het Panhuis, M & Ralph, SF 2012, 'Synthesis, properties and water permeability of SWNT buckypapers', Journal of Materials Chemistry, vol. 22, no. 27, pp. 13800-13800.
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Tabatabaiefar, SHR, Fatahi, B & Samali, B 2012, 'Finite difference modelling of soil-structure interaction for seismic design of moment resisting building frames', Australian Geomechanics Journal, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 113-120.
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The importance of Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) both for static and dynamic loads has been well established and the related literature spans at least 30 years of computational and analytical approaches for solving soil-structure interaction problems. Since the 1990s, great effort has been made to substitute the classical methods of design by new ones based on the concept of performance-based seismic design. Also, the necessity of estimating the vulnerability of existing structures and assessing reliable methods for their retrofit have greatly attracted the attention of engineering communities in most seismic zones throughout the world. In the present study, in order to draw a clear picture of soil characteristics effects on seismic response of moment resisting building frames, a ten storey moment resisting building frame, resting on shallow foundation, is selected in conjunction with three soil types with shear wave velocities less than 600m/s, representing soil classes Ce, De and Ee, according to Australian Standard AS 1170.4. The structure is modelled considering the three mentioned types of the soil deposits employing Finite Difference approach using FLAC 2D software. Fully nonlinear dynamic analyses under influence of different earthquake records are conducted, and the results of the different cases are compared and discussed. The results indicate that as shear wave velocity and shear modulus of the subsoil decrease, inter-storey drifts and subsequently the necessity of considering SSI effects in seismic design of moment resisting building frames increase. In general, by decreasing the subsoil stiffness, the effects of soil-structure interaction become more dominant and detrimental to the seismic behaviour of moment resisting building frames. These effects substantially alter performance level of the building model resting on soil classes De and Ee from life safe to near collapse. Consequently, structural safety for the mentioned building frames could not ...

Talatahari, S, Farahmand Azar, B, Sheikholeslami, R & Gandomi, AH 2012, 'Imperialist competitive algorithm combined with chaos for global optimization', Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 1312-1319.
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Tao, M, Li, X & Wu, C 2012, 'Characteristics of the unloading process of rocks under high initial stress', Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 45, pp. 83-92.
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Tao, W & Zhang, G 2012, 'Trusted interaction approach for dynamic service selection using multi-criteria decision making technique', Knowledge-Based Systems, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 116-122.
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Recent developments in information technology have shifted the computing paradigm in a more dynamic direction, and this has raised new challenges. In a dynamic computing environment, (1) the number of transacting entities is not fixed; (2) the relationship between these entities are very dynamic; (3) transacting entities may not necessarily have previous knowledge of each other; (4) the surrounding context may possibly constantly change; and, (5) it is possible that the transaction is conducted in fully a automatic approach. Based on these unique feature in a dynamic environment, we claim that two important challenges need to be resolved: one is transacting entities should be able to establish trusted interactions between each other, and another is transacting entities should be able to select the most suitable transacting entities by pre-programmed business rules and current context. Based on our previous research work on MobiPass, this paper proposes a technique which successfully solves the above two important research issues by using Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) on top of the MobiPass framework, to help transacting entities select the most suitable transacting partners under a trusted interaction in dynamic environments in real time

Tavakoli, J, Miar, S, Zadehzare, MM & Akbari, H 2012, 'Evaluation of effectiveness of herbal medication in cancer care: A review study', Iranian Journal of Cancer Prevention, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 144-156.
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Based on a common belief, herbal medicine with the least possible side effects should be the center of attention in cancer care; however, in many cases they have not been properly studied with reliable clinical trials in human subjects. In this review, it was attempted to identify the available evidence on the use and clinical effects of herbs in cancer care. The research consists of two major parts including immunomodulator and chemopreventive herbal compounds whose mechanism, biological response, anticancer element of extract and related benefits were completely studied. Also, the safety of herbal anticancer compounds was discussed. Although the use of herbal medicines in treating cancer shows less chemotherapy-induced, toxicity, more researches are required to reach their full therapeutic potentials.

Teng, Q, Zhu, J, Wang, T & Lei, G 2012, 'Fault tolerant direct torque control of three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motors', WSEAS Transactions on Systems, vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 465-476.
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The model of three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with loss of one phase or loss of one transistor is built and its fault tolerant direct torque control (DTC) is investigated. Extra-leg extraswitch inverter is put to use in the post-fault operation. Two different flux estimators are employed in order to calculate stator flux linkage & their corresponding torque and switching table is kept the same as the case of DTC for the healthy motor. The parameters of PI controller and hysteresis controller are determined by differential evolution algorithm. Dynamic responses of both healthy and unhealthy PMSM DTC system adopting aforementioned two flux estimators are given to compare their performance via simulation and some discussion is presented. The simulation results show the proposed fault tolerant DTC yields satisfactory torque and speed control no matter which one of two flux estimators provided in the paper is employed.

Tennakoon, N, Indraratna, B, Rujikiatkamjorn, C, Nimbalkar, S & Neville, T 2012, 'The Role of Ballast-Fouling Characteristics on the Drainage Capacity of Rail Substructure', Geotechnical Testing Journal, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 104107-104107.
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The ballast layer is designed to be free draining, but when the voids of the granular medium are wholly or partially filled because of the intrusion of fine particles, the ballast is considered to be "fouled." To ensure acceptable track performance, it is necessary to maintain good drainage within the ballast layer. This paper critically examines the current methods commonly used for evaluating the degree of ballast fouling and, because of their limitations, a new parameter, "void contaminant index" is introduced. A series of large-scale constant head hydraulic conductivity tests were conducted with different levels of fouling to establish the relationship between the void contamination index and the associated hydraulic conductivity. Subsequently, a numerical analysis was executed to simulate more realistic two-dimensional flow under actual track geometry capturing the drainage capacity of ballast in relation to the void contamination index. In the context of observed test data, the drainage condition of the track could be classified into different categories together with a classification chart capturing the degree of fouling. The contents of this paper have already been considered in track maintenance schemes in the states of Queensland and New South Wales. Copyright © 1996-2012 ASTM.

That, ND, Nam, PT & Ha, QP 2012, 'On sliding dynamics bounding for discrete-time systems with state delay and disturbances', Australian Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 255-261.
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This paper addresses the problem of bounding the reachable set of the sliding dynamics in discrete-time systems subject to time-varying state delay and bounded external disturbances. The sliding motion is determined from the equivalent dynamics chosen from a desired eigen-structure via the pole placement technique. New delay-dependent conditions are derived to guarantee that the trajectories in the sliding mode are prescribed in an ellipsoid with a minimal bound on each coordinate. Finally, the proposed approach is illustrated by a numerical example of a quasi-sliding mode controller.

THINH, LP, SHERIDAN, L & SCARANI, V 2012, 'TOMOGRAPHIC QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY PROTOCOLS ARE REFERENCE FRAME INDEPENDENT', International Journal of Quantum Information, vol. 10, no. 03, pp. 1250035-1250035.
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We consider the class of reference frame independent protocols in d dimensions for quantum key distribution, in which Alice and Bob have one natural basis that is aligned and the rest of their measurement bases are unaligned. We relate existing approaches to tomographically complete protocols. We comment on two different approaches to finite key bounds in this setting, one direct and one using the entropic uncertainty relation and suggest that the existing finite key bounds can still be improved.

Thomas, D, Ding, G & Crews, K 2012, 'Sustainable timber use in the australian housing market: Are consumers willing to pay the price?', International Journal for Housing Science and Its Applications, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 221-230.
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A large proportion of traditional Australian homes contained timber floors and timber exterior cladding until the advent of the standard concrete slab/brick veneer house. Up to 95% of new homes are built by project home companies and the majority of these contain an external envelope consisting of concrete flooring, clay brick walls and concrete tile or steel sheet roofing. This design is currently driven by consumer's expectation of low cost, durable homes that are completed within restricted time limits. There is now a price premium on bespoke housing projects that differ materially or otherwise from a limited set of designs offered by project home firms. The adoption of concrete and brick homes originated from a perceived advantage of longevity, low maintenance and thermal comfort. Innovation in wood treatments, wood protection and insulation have provided solutions to these issues so that timber is now a viable option with added benefits such as environmental sustainability and erection speed. Australian consumers have a growing awareness and desire to live in a way that is sustainable and are making choices that reflect this attitude. This has been demonstrated through the high adoption rate of recent government-supported schemes such as subsidized insulation and solar panel installation. This paper aims at investigating homeowner's perception of timber as a sustainable building product, the desire of homeowners to use sustainable building products, and the willingness of homeowners to pay a premium to live sustainably. This paper highlights Australian homeowners reluctance to use the most sustainable building materials even when they are willing to pay for a more environmentally sustainable home. This paper presents the results of a questionnaire survey to homeowners in the city of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia and some strategies on how to increase the use of timber in new housing projects in Australia. Copyright © 2012 IAHS.

Tien Bui, D, Pradhan, B, Lofman, O & Revhaug, I 2012, 'Landslide Susceptibility Assessment in Vietnam Using Support Vector Machines, Decision Tree, and Naïve Bayes Models', Mathematical Problems in Engineering, vol. 2012, pp. 1-26.
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The objective of this study is to investigate and compare the results of three data mining approaches, the support vector machines (SVM), decision tree (DT), and Naïve Bayes (NB) models for spatial prediction of landslide hazards in the Hoa Binh province (Vietnam). First, a landslide inventory map showing the locations of 118 landslides was constructed from various sources. The landslide inventory was then randomly partitioned into 70% for training the models and 30% for the model validation. Second, ten landslide conditioning factors were selected (i.e., slope angle, slope aspect, relief amplitude, lithology, soil type, land use, distance to roads, distance to rivers, distance to faults, and rainfall). Using these factors, landslide susceptibility indexes were calculated using SVM, DT, and NB models. Finally, landslide locations that were not used in the training phase were used to validate and compare the landslide susceptibility maps. The validation results show that the models derived using SVM have the highest prediction capability. The model derived using DT has the lowest prediction capability. Compared to the logistic regression model, the prediction capability of the SVM models is slightly better. The prediction capability of the DT and NB models is lower.

Tien Bui, D, Pradhan, B, Lofman, O, Revhaug, I & Dick, OB 2012, 'Landslide susceptibility assessment in the Hoa Binh province of Vietnam: A comparison of the Levenberg–Marquardt and Bayesian regularized neural networks', Geomorphology, vol. 171-172, pp. 12-29.
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Tien Bui, D, Pradhan, B, Lofman, O, Revhaug, I & Dick, OB 2012, 'Landslide susceptibility mapping at Hoa Binh province (Vietnam) using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system and GIS', Computers & Geosciences, vol. 45, pp. 199-211.
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Tien Bui, D, Pradhan, B, Lofman, O, Revhaug, I & Dick, OB 2012, 'Spatial prediction of landslide hazards in Hoa Binh province (Vietnam): A comparative assessment of the efficacy of evidential belief functions and fuzzy logic models', CATENA, vol. 96, pp. 28-40.
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Tijing, LD, Ruelo, MTG, Amarjargal, A, Pant, HR, Park, C-H & Kim, CS 2012, 'One-step fabrication of antibacterial (silver nanoparticles/poly(ethylene oxide)) – Polyurethane bicomponent hybrid nanofibrous mat by dual-spinneret electrospinning', Materials Chemistry and Physics, vol. 134, no. 2-3, pp. 557-561.
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Tijing, LD, Ruelo, MTG, Amarjargal, A, Pant, HR, Park, C-H, Kim, DW & Kim, CS 2012, 'Antibacterial and superhydrophilic electrospun polyurethane nanocomposite fibers containing tourmaline nanoparticles', Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 197, pp. 41-48.
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This paper describes a one-step fabrication of tourmaline (TM) nanoparticles (NPs)-decorated polyurethane (PU) composite nanofibers with superhydrophilic and antibacterial properties. The physico-chemical properties of the prepared samples were characterized by different characterization techniques. FESEM and TEM images confirmed the presence of well-dispersed TM NPs in/on PU nanofibers. The incorporation and homogeneous dispersion of 3 wt% TM NPs in PU exhibited an increase in tensile strength and modulus of 75% and 87%, respectively from those of the neat PU. All TM/PU composite mats showed improved hydrophilicity compared to neat PU mat, and a superhydrophilic surface with a contact angle of 13° was obtained at 5 wt% TM content. FTIR spectra confirmed the interaction of TM NPs to PU matrix through hydrogen bonding. Bacterial tests showed high zone inhibition for both Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) and Enterococci (Gram-positive) using the TM/PU composite mats with increasing efficiency as with the increase of TM NP content. The present TM/PU composite mat, which has improved mechanical properties, superhydrophilic surface, and good antibacterial properties, may be a potential candidate as an antibacterial material, in the field of health-protection textile and water filtration.

Tomamichel, M & Hayashi, M 2012, 'A Hierarchy of Information Quantities for Finite Block Length Analysis of Quantum Tasks', IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 59, no. 11, pp. 7693-7710.
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We consider two fundamental tasks in quantum information theory, data compression with quantum side information as well as randomness extraction against quantum side information. We characterize these tasks for general sources using so-called one-shot entropies. We show that these characterizations - in contrast to earlier results - enable us to derive tight second order asymptotics for these tasks in the i.i.d. limit. More generally, our derivation establishes a hierarchy of information quantities that can be used to investigate information theoretic tasks in the quantum domain: The one-shot entropies most accurately describe an operational quantity, yet they tend to be difficult to calculate for large systems. We show that they asymptotically agree up to logarithmic terms with entropies related to the quantum and classical information spectrum, which are easier to calculate in the i.i.d. limit. Our techniques also naturally yields bounds on operational quantities for finite block lengths.

Tomamichel, M & Tan, VYF 2012, 'A Tight Upper Bound for the Third-Order Asymptotics for Most Discrete Memoryless Channels', IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 59, no. 11, pp. 7041-7051.
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This paper shows that the logarithm of the epsilon-error capacity (average error probability) for n uses of a discrete memoryless channel is upper bounded by the normal approximation plus a third-order term that does not exceed 1/2 log n + O(1) if the epsilon-dispersion of the channel is positive. This matches a lower bound by Y. Polyanskiy (2010) for discrete memoryless channels with positive reverse dispersion. If the epsilon-dispersion vanishes, the logarithm of the epsilon-error capacity is upper bounded by the n times the capacity plus a constant term except for a small class of DMCs and epsilon >= 1/2.

Tomamichel, M, Fehr, S, Kaniewski, J & Wehner, S 2012, 'A Monogamy-of-Entanglement Game With Applications to Device-Independent Quantum Cryptography', New J. Phys., vol. 15, p. 103002.
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We consider a game in which two separate laboratories collaborate to prepare a quantum system and are then asked to guess the outcome of a measurement performed by a third party in a random basis on that system. Intuitively, by the uncertainty principle and the monogamy of entanglement, the probability that both players simultaneously succeed in guessing the outcome correctly is bounded. We are interested in the question of how the success probability scales when many such games are performed in parallel. We show that any strategy that maximizes the probability to win every game individually is also optimal for the parallel repetition of the game. Our result implies that the optimal guessing probability can be achieved without the use of entanglement. We explore several applications of this result. First, we show that it implies security for standard BB84 quantum key distribution when the receiving party uses fully untrusted measurement devices, i.e. we show that BB84 is one-sided device independent. Second, we show how our result can be used to prove security of a one-round position-verification scheme. Finally, we generalize a well-known uncertainty relation for the guessing probability to quantum side information.

Tran, NN, Nguyen, HH, Tuan, HD & Dodds, DE 2012, 'Training Designs for Amplify-and-Forward Relaying With Spatially Correlated Antennas', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 61, no. 6, pp. 2864-2870.
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This paper proposes an optimal training design for an amplify-and-forward (AF) relay system, in which the source, relay, and destination are all equipped with multiple antennas. Examined is the scenario when spatial correlation exists among the multiple

Tran, NN, Nguyen, HH, Tuan, HD & Dodds, DE 2012, 'Training signal designs for spatially correlated multi-user multi-input multi-output with orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing systems', IET Communications, vol. 6, no. 16, pp. 2630-2638.
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Optimal training design and channel estimation for spatially correlated multi-user multi-input multi-output with orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems is still an open research topic of great interest. This study first applies tractable semi-definite programming (SDP) to obtain the optimal training signal for the general case of spatial channel correlations for multi-user MIMO-OFDM. In order to reduce the computational complexity of the SDP-based solution, an approximate solution in closed-form is then presented. For a special case of transmit correlations, an optimal solution in closed-form expression is also derived. Analytical and simulation results demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed designs and their performance advantage over the existing equi-powered training designs

Trianni, A & Cagno, E 2012, 'Dealing with barriers to energy efficiency and SMEs: Some empirical evidences', Energy, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 494-504.
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Tsakonas, A & Gabrys, B 2012, 'GRADIENT: Grammar-driven genetic programming framework for building multi-component, hierarchical predictive systems', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 39, no. 18, pp. 13253-13266.
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Tu, C & Lee, JE-Y 2012, 'Increased dissipation from distributed etch holes in a lateral breathing mode silicon micromechanical resonator', Applied Physics Letters, vol. 101, no. 2.
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Etch holes are commonly used design features when fabricating silicon-on-insulator micromechanical resonators to realize free standing structures. This paper shows that including etch-holes in a square-extensional mode resonator results in marked reduction of quality factor (Q) by 75%. The cause of this drop is explained by our finite element model used to theoretically estimate Q. These theoretical estimates agree well with measurement results. Our analyses show that anchor loss is dominant in a plain structure while etch holes increase thermoelastic damping to the point where both dissipation factors become comparable in determining the actual Q.

Tu, C & Lee, JE-Y 2012, 'Thermoelastic Dissipation in Etch-Hole Filled Lamé Bulk-Mode Silicon Microresonators', IEEE Electron Device Letters, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 450-452.
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Turecek, J, Schwitter, B, Miljak, D & Stancl, M 2012, 'NQR Characteristics of an RDX Plastic Explosives Simulant', Applied Magnetic Resonance, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 567-577.
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Uthman, M, Rahman, BMA, Kejalakshmy, N, Agrawal, A & Grattan, KTV 2012, 'Design and Characterization of Low-Loss Porous-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber', IEEE Photonics Journal, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 2315-2325.
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Uthman, M, Rahman, BMA, Kejalakshmy, N, Agrawal, A, Abana, H & Grattan, KTV 2012, 'Stabilized Large Mode Area in Tapered Photonic Crystal Fiber for Stable Coupling', IEEE Photonics Journal, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 340-349.
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Vakiloroaya, V, Dibbs, R & Ha, QP 2012, 'Energy saving potential of an optimized hybrid solar-assisted air conditioning system using sequential quadratic programming', Gerontechnology, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 203-203.
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The objective of this study is to describe a newly-developed hybrid solar-assisted air conditioning system and report on its system performance optimized by using a computationally efficient methodology for dynamic scheduling and optimal control of heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems that can be implemented on-line. A generalized opti-mization scheme is developed using sequential quadratic programming (SQP) along with a proposed empirical model for the objective function. In this approach gradients of the Lagrangian function are used for updating the quasi-Newton matrix. The key challenge is to develop an algorithm to accurately approximate this matrix that reflects the curvature of the objective and constraints. A direct expansion air-conditioner combined with a vacuum solar collector is used for ex-perimentation and data collection. The system in investigation is extensively equipped with a number of instrumentation devices for data logging. Optimization algorithm implemented in a transient simulation tool, is used to solve the minimiza-tion problem of energy consumption and predict the system set-points optimized in transient conditions. The predictions from the models exhibit a good coincidence with experimental results, judging by an RMS error less than 10%. Results obtained show that the daily energy saving is around 38.6% while fulfilling the cooling demand. The advantages of the optimal strategy lie in the fact that the optimal system operates at a higher sub-cool temperature and a lower unneces-sary superheat temperature after storage tank. This will result in a substantial reduction of the compressorâs energy con-sumption, which demonstrates an improvement in the systemâs coefficient of performance.

van den Hoven, E, Sas, C & Whittaker, S 2012, 'Introduction to this Special Issue on Designing for Personal Memories: Past, Present, and Future', HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION, vol. 27, no. 1-2, pp. 1-12.
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This special issue focuses on new uses of digital media to help people remember in everyday situations. We begin this introduction by describing the field's origins (personal memories past), using this to contextualise the papers presented here (personal memories present). We conclude by identifying a number of important research challenges that we feel must be addressed by future work in this area (personal memories future).

Veitch, V, Ferrie, C, Gross, D & Emerson, J 2012, 'Negative quasi-probability as a resource for quantum computation', New Journal of Physics, vol. 14, no. 11, pp. 113011-113011.
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Veitch, V, Wiebe, N, Ferrie, C & Emerson, J 2012, 'Efficient simulation scheme for a class of quantum optics experiments with non-negative Wigner representation', New Journal of Physics, vol. 15, p. 013037.
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We provide a scheme for efficient simulation of a broad class of quantum optics experiments. Our efficient simulation extends the continuous variable Gottesman-Knill theorem to a large class of non-Gaussian mixed states, thereby identifying that these non-Gaussian states are not an enabling resource for exponential quantum speed-up. Our results also provide an operationally motivated interpretation of negativity as non-classicality. We apply our scheme to the case of noisy single-photon-added-thermal-states to show that this class admits states with positive Wigner function but negative P -function that are not useful resource states for quantum computation.

Velani, N, Wilson, O, Halkon, BJ & Harland, AR 2012, 'Measuring the risk of sustaining injury in sport a novel approach to aid the re-design of personal protective equipment', Applied Ergonomics, vol. 43, no. 5, pp. 883-890.
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Verma, P, Singh, R & Kumar Singh, A 2012, 'A Framework for the Next Generation Screen Readers for Visually Impaired', International Journal of Computer Applications, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 31-38.
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Despite shortcomings, Screen Readers have been the primary tool for using internet by visually impaired. In this paper, we present a framework for an advanced Screen Reader that aims at eliminating the drawbacks that are associated with the existing systems. The proposed framework makes the use of informed search technique to enhance the usability and navigability. Some of its features like background music to appraise the layout structure of web page, mouse hovering to speak out glimpses of the underlying text make the use of image processing techniques. These features are implemented independent of the rest development therefore they can also be used to enhance any existing Screen Reader.

Vicars, R, Prokopovich, P, Brown, TD, Tipper, JL, Ingham, E, Fisher, J & Hall, RM 2012, 'The Effect of Anterior-Posterior Shear on the Wear of CHARITÉ Total Disc Replacement', Spine, vol. 37, no. 9, pp. E528-E534.
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Visintin, P, Oehlers, DJ, Wu, C & Griffith, MC 2012, 'The reinforcement contribution to the cyclic behaviour of reinforced concrete beam hinges', Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, vol. 41, no. 12, pp. 1591-1608.
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Visintin, P, Oehlers, DJ, Wu, C & Haskett, M 2012, 'A mechanics solution for hinges in RC beams with multiple cracks', Engineering Structures, vol. 36, pp. 61-69.
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Vitanov, A, Dupuis, F, Tomamichel, M & Renner, R 2012, 'Chain Rules for Smooth Min- and Max-Entropies', IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 59, no. 5, pp. 2603-2612.
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The chain rule for the Shannon and von Neumann entropy, which relates the total entropy of a system to the entropies of its parts, is of central importance to information theory. Here we consider the chain rule for the more general smooth min- and max-entropy, used in one-shot information theory. For these entropy measures, the chain rule no longer holds as an equality, but manifests itself as a set of inequalities that reduce to the chain rule for the von Neumann entropy in the i.i.d. case.

Wahid, H, Ha, QP & Duc, H 2012, 'New sampling scheme for neural network-based metamodelling with application to air pollutant estimation', Gerontechnology, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 336-336.
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A new method for the DOE is introduced, which uses a distance weight function to measure the normalised distance for all the input-output data points, and followed by clustering it to n numbers of sampling points by using a k-means algorithm. A radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) metamodel approach is then being used to evaluate the performance of the proposed DOE using a nonlinear and high-dimensional mathematical function, and to solve a practical nonlinear complex problem, i.e. the air pollutant estimation. For the latter, a metamodel for the spatial approximation of the air pollutant (in particular for ozone case) is constructed. The results show that the proposed method produces an improved performance in the estimation as compared to without the implementation of DOE, and in many cases, it outperforms the networks developed from other sampling designs of the same size.

WALKER, R, INDRARATNA, B & RUJIKIATKAMJORN, C 2012, 'Vertical drain consolidation with non-Darcian flow and void-ratio-dependent compressibility and permeability', Géotechnique, vol. 62, no. 11, pp. 985-997.
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Vertical drains increase the rate of consolidation in soft soils by facilitating faster dissipation of excess pore water pressure through short, horizontal drainage paths. This paper presents an analytical solution for non-linear radial consolidation under equal-strain conditions incorporating smear but ignoring well resistance. Three aspects of non-linearity are considered: (a) non-Darcian flow, (b) a log-linear void-ratio–stress relationship; and (b) a log-linear void-ratio–permeability relationship. The analytical solution to non-linear radial consolidation can explicitly capture the behaviour of both overconsolidated and normally consolidated soils. For non-linear material properties, consolidation may be faster or slower when compared with the cases with constant material properties. The difference depends on the compressibility/permeability ratios (Cc/Ck and Cr/Ck), the preconsolidation pressure and the stress increase. If Cc/Ck < 1 or Cr/Ck < 1 then the coefficient of consolidation increases as excess pore pressures dissipate, and the corresponding rate of consolidation is greater.

Wan, J, Yu, Y, Wu, Y, Feng, R & Yu, N 2012, 'Hierarchical Leak Detection and Localization Method in Natural Gas Pipeline Monitoring Sensor Networks', SENSORS, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 189-214.
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In light of the problems of low recognition efficiency, high false rates and poor localization accuracy in traditional pipeline security detection technology, this paper proposes a type of hierarchical leak detection and localization method for use in natural gas pipeline monitoring sensor networks. In the signal preprocessing phase, original monitoring signals are dealt with by wavelet transform technology to extract the single mode signals as well as characteristic parameters. In the initial recognition phase, a multi-classifier model based on SVM is constructed and characteristic parameters are sent as input vectors to the multi-classifier for initial recognition. In the final decision phase, an improved evidence combination rule is designed to integrate initial recognition results for final decisions. Furthermore, a weighted average localization algorithm based on time difference of arrival is introduced for determining the leak point's position. Experimental results illustrate that this hierarchical pipeline leak detection and localization method could effectively improve the accuracy of the leak point localization and reduce the undetected rate as well as false alarm rate.

Wang Wenzhi, Ye Sheng, Liang Xianling, Jin Ronghong, Bird, TS, Guo, YJ & Geng Junping 2012, 'Even- and Odd-Mode Analysis of Thick and Wide Transverse Slot in Waveguides Based on a Variational Method', IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 60, no. 11, pp. 3349-3358.
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Based on a new variational method, an even- and odd-mode analysis of transverse coupling slot between waveguides is presented. The proposed method is capable of dealing with slots of finite wall thickness. It uses multiple incident waves with symmetry to simplify the field distribution in the vicinity of the slot, enabling the adoption of one-expansion-term trial functions with sufficient accuracy, even in the instance of wide slots. Analytical solutions are provided, and the calculated results demonstrate excellent agreement with those of numerical simulation. The computation time with the new formulation is, however, significantly shorter. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

Wang, C, Cao, L & Miao, B 2012, 'Optimal feature selection for sparse linear discriminant analysis and its applications in gene expression data', Computational Statistics and Data Analysis, vol. 66, pp. 140-149.
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This work studies the theoretical rules of feature selection in linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and a new feature selection method is proposed for sparse linear discriminant analysis. An $l_1$ minimization method is used to select the important features from which the LDA will be constructed. The asymptotic results of this proposed two-stage LDA (TLDA) are studied, demonstrating that TLDA is an optimal classification rule whose convergence rate is the best compared to existing methods. The experiments on simulated and real datasets are consistent with the theoretical results and show that TLDA performs favorably in comparison with current methods. Overall, TLDA uses a lower minimum number of features or genes than other approaches to achieve a better result with a reduced misclassification rate.

Wang, C, Tong, T, Cao, L & Miao, B 2012, 'Non-parametric shrinkage mean estimation for quadratic loss functions with unknown covariance matrices', Journal of Multivariate Analysis, vol. 125, pp. 222-232.
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In this paper, a shrinkage estimator for the population mean is proposed under known quadratic loss functions with unknown covariance matrices. The new estimator is non-parametric in the sense that it does not assume a specific parametric distribution for the data and it does not require the prior information on the population covariance matrix. Analytical results on the improvement of the proposed shrinkage estimator are provided and some corresponding asymptotic properties are also derived. Finally, we demonstrate the practical improvement of the proposed method over existing methods through extensive simulation studies and real data analysis. Keywords: High-dimensional data; Shrinkage estimator; Large $p$ small $n$; $U$-statistic.

Wang, C, Yang, J, Miao, B & Cao, L 2012, 'On Identity Tests for High Dimensional Data Using RMT', Journal of Multivariate Analysis, vol. 118, pp. 128-137.
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In this work, we redefined two important statistics, the CLRT test (Bai et.al., Ann. Stat. 37 (2009) 3822-3840) and the LW test (Ledoit and Wolf, Ann. Stat. 30 (2002) 1081-1102) on identity tests for high dimensional data using random matrix theories. Compared with existing CLRT and LW tests, the new tests can accommodate data which has unknown means and non-Gaussian distributions. Simulations demonstrate that the new tests have good properties in terms of size and power. What is more, even for Gaussian data, our new tests perform favorably in comparison to existing tests. Finally, we find the CLRT is more sensitive to eigenvalues less than 1 while the LW test has more advantages in relation to detecting eigenvalues larger than 1.

Wang, GC, Zheng, W, Wu, T, Jiang, H, Zhao, GQ, Wei, DB & Jiang, ZY 2012, 'A multi-region model for numerical simulation of micro bulk forming', Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 212, no. 3, pp. 678-684.
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Due to the small billet size in micro forming, each grain, especially that on the surface layer, has direct influence on the deformation behavior of the billet. The multi-region model was proposed for simulating the micro bulk forming process in this paper. The object in the model is divided into three different regions: the inner polycrystal region, the grain interior of the surface region and the grain-boundary layer in the surface region. Each surface grain has different orientation. Depending on the Hall-Petch formula, which is applicable to describe polycrystal materials, and introducing scale parameters, the constitutive equation of each region is deduced based on the unidirectional compression tests data of the copper specimen. Using the multi-region model, the coining process with micro feature is simulated to investigate the size effect in micro forming. Moreover, an experiment of coining process with micro-feature is performed to verify the correctness of the multi-region simulation model. The experimental results show a good agreement with those in numerical simulation. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Wang, J, Lu, H, Dong, Y & Chi, D 2012, 'The model of chaotic sequences based on adaptive particle swarm optimization arithmetic combined with seasonal term', Applied Mathematical Modelling, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 1184-1196.
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Within a competitive electric power market, electricity price is one of the core elements, which is crucial to all the market participants. Accurately forecasting of electricity price becomes highly desirable. This paper propose a forecasting model of el

Wang, SY, Sloan, SW, Sheng, DC & Tang, CA 2012, 'Numerical analysis of the failure process around a circular opening in rock', Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 39, pp. 8-16.
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Wang, X, Stewart, MG & Nguyen, M 2012, 'Impact of climate change on corrosion and damage to concrete infrastructure in Australia', Climatic Change, vol. 110, no. 3-4, pp. 941-957.
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The durability of concrete is determined largely by its deterioration over time which is affected by the environment. Climate change may alter this environment, causing an acceleration of deterioration processes that will affect the safety and serviceability of concrete infrastructure in Australia, U. S., Europe, China and elsewhere. This investigation of concrete deterioration under changing climate in Australia uses Monte-Carlo simulation of results from General Circulation Models (GCMs) and considers high greenhouse gas emission scenarios representing the A1FI schemes of the IPCC. We present the implications of climate change for the durability of concrete structures, in terms of changes in probability of reinforcement corrosion initiation and corrosion induced damage at a given calendar year between 2000 and 2100 across Australia. Since the main driver to increased concrete deterioration is CO 2 concentration and temperature, then increases in damage risks observed in Australia are likely to be observed in other concrete infrastructure internationally. The impact of climate change on the deterioration cannot be ignored, but can be addressed by new approaches in design. Existing concrete structures, for which design has not considered the effects of changing climate may deteriorate more rapidly than originally planned. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

Wang, X, Wang, Z & Xu, X 2012, 'Effective Service Composition in Large Scale Service Market', International Journal of Web Services Research, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 74-94.
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The web has undergone a tremendous shift from information repository to the provisioning capacity of services. As an effective means of constructing coarse-grained solutions by dynamically aggregating a set of services to satisfy complex requirements, traditional service composition suffers from dramatic decrease on the efficiency of determining the optimal solution when large scale services are available in the Internet based service market. Most current approaches look for the optimal composition solution by real-time computation, and the composition efficiency greatly depends on the adopted algorithms. To eliminate such deficiency, this paper proposes a semi-empirical composition approach which incorporates the extraction of empirical evidence from historical experiences to provide guidance to solution space reduction to real-time service selection. Service communities and historical requirements are further organized into clusters based on similarity measurement, and then the probabilistic correspondences between the two types of clusters are identified by statistical analysis. For each new request, its hosting requirement cluster would be identified and corresponding service clusters would be determined by leveraging Bayesian inference. Concrete services would be selected from the reduced solution space to constitute the final composition. Timing strategies for re-clustering and consideration to special cases in clustering ensures continual adaption of the approach to changing environment. Instead of relying solely on pure real-time computation, the approach distinguishes from traditional methods by combining the two perspectives together.

Wang, Y, Hao, H, Zhu, X & Ou, J 2012, 'Spectral Element Modelling of Wave Propagation with Boundary and Structural Discontinuity Reflections', Advances in Structural Engineering, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 855-870.
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Spectral element method is very efficient in modelling high-frequency stress wave propagation because it works in the frequency domain. It does not need to use very fine meshes in order to capture high frequency wave energy as the time domain methods do, such as finite element method. However, the conventional spectral element method requires a throw-off element to be added to the structural boundaries to act as a conduit for energy to transmit out of the system. This makes the method difficult to model wave reflection at boundaries. To overcome this limitation, imaginary spectral elements are proposed in this study, which are combined with the real structural elements to model wave reflections at structural boundaries. The efficiency and accuracy of this proposed approach is verified by comparing the numerical simulation results with measured results of one dimensional stress wave propagation in a steel bar. The method is also applied to model wave propagation in a steel bar with not only boundary reflection, but also reflections from single and multiple cracks. The reflection and transmission coefficients, which are obtained from the discrete spring model, are adopted to quantify the discontinuities. Experimental tests of wave propagation in a steel bar with one crack of different depths are also carried out. Numerical simulations and experimental results show that the proposed method is effective and reliable in modelling wave propagation in one-dimensional waveguides with reflections from boundary and structural discontinuities. The proposed method can be applied to effectively model stress wave propagation for structural damage detection.

Wang, Z, Niu, S, Ho, SL, Fu, WN & Zhu, J 2012, 'A Position Detection Strategy for Sensorless Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Motors at Low Speed Using Transient Finite-Element Analysis', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 1003-1006.
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A novel solution for sensorless starting of conventional surface mounted PM motors is proposed. The strategy of the proposed scheme is to creatively formulate a combination of electromagnetic field with transient finite element method (FEM). The proposed solution is an improvement over and above conventional methods in that it is based on rotor position detection at zero speed with high frequency signal injection and back EMF detection. Previous researches tend to consider the induced signal from different winding terminals independently. The proposed methodology however exploits the induced voltage signals from two of the motor winding terminals, using the third terminal as the signal injection point. The strategy also eliminates the process of polarity tests. The relationship between the dependency of induced signals and the rotor position angle is summarized, and a simple motor starting scheme is proposed. Effects arising from the transient characteristics of the injected/induced signals are fully addressed using FEM.

Warkiani, ME, Lou, C-P, Liu, H-B & Gong, H-Q 2012, 'A high-flux isopore micro-fabricated membrane for effective concentration and recovering of waterborne pathogens', Biomedical Microdevices, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 669-677.
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Waterloo, S, Ahmed, LA, Center, JR, Eisman, JA, Morseth, B, Nguyen, ND, Nguyen, T, Sogaard, AJ & Emaus, N 2012, 'Prevalence of vertebral fractures in women and men in the population-based Tromsø Study', BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1-9.
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BACKGROUND: Osteoporotic vertebral fractures are, as the hip fractures, associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Norway has one of the highest reported incidences of hip fractures in the world. Because of methodological challenges, vertebral fractures are not extensively studied. The aim of this population based study was to describe, for the first time, the age- and sex specific occurrence of osteoporotic vertebral fractures in Norway. METHODS: Data was collected in the Tromso Study, 2007/8 survey. By the use of dual x-ray absorptiometry (GE Lunar Prodigy) vertebral fracture assessments were performed in 2887 women and men aged from 38 to 87 years, in addition to measurements of bone mineral density at the femoral sites. Information on lifestyle was collected through questionnaires. Comparisons between fractures and non-fractures were done sex stratified, by univariate analyses, adjusting for age when relevant. RESULTS: The prevalence of vertebral fractures varied from about 3% in the age group below 60 to about 19% in the 70+ group in women, and from 7.5% to about 20% in men, with an overall prevalence of 11.8% in women and 13.8% in men (p = 0.07). Among those with fractures, only one fracture was the most common; two and more fractures were present in approximately 30% of the cases. Fractures were seen from the fourth lumbar to the fifth thoracic vertebrae, most common between first lumbar and sixth thoracic vertebrae. The most common type of fracture was the wedge type in both sexes. Bone mineral density at the hip differed significantly according to type of fracture, being highest in those with wedge fractures and lowest in those with compression fractures. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of vertebral fractures increased by age in women and men, but the overall prevalence was lower than expected, considering the high prevalence of hip and forearm fractures in Norway. In both sexes, the wedge type was the fracture type most frequently observed and most ...

Waterloo, S, Nguyen, T, Ahmed, LA, Center, JR, Morseth, B, Nguyen, ND, Eisman, JA, Søgaard, AJ & Emaus, N 2012, 'Important risk factors and attributable risk of vertebral fractures in the population-based Tromsø study', BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, vol. 13, no. 1.
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Background: Vertebral fractures, the most common type of osteoporotic fractures, are associated with increased risk of subsequent fracture, morbidity, and mortality. The aim of this study was to examine the contribution of important risk factors to the variability in vertebral fracture risk. Methods. Vertebral fracture was ascertained by VFA method (DXA, GE Lunar Prodigy) in 2887 men and women, aged between 38 and 87 years, in the population-based Tromsø Study 2007/2008. Bone mineral density (BMD; g/cm2) at the hip was measured by DXA. Lifestyle information was collected by questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression model, with anthropometric and lifestyle factors included, was used to assess the association between each or combined risk factors and vertebral fracture risk. Population attributable risk was estimated for combined risk factors in the final multivariable model. Results: In both sexes, age (odds ratio [OR] per 5 year increase: 1.32; 95% CI 1.19-1.45 in women and 1.21; 95% CI 1.10-1.33 in men) and BMD (OR per SD decrease: 1.60; 95% CI 1.34-1.90 in women and1.40; 95% CI 1.18-1.67 in men) were independent risk factors for vertebral fracture. At BMD levels higher than 0.85 g/cm2, men had a greater risk of fracture than women (OR 1.52; 95% CI 1.14-2.04), after adjusting for age. In women and men, respectively, approximately 46% and 33% of vertebral fracture risk was attributable to advancing age (more than 70 years) and low BMD (less than 0.85 g/cm 2), with the latter having a greater effect than the former. Conclusions: These data confirm that age and BMD are major risk factors for vertebral fracture risk. However, in both sexes the two factors accounted for less than half of fracture risk. The identification of individuals with vertebral fracture is still a challenge

Wei, DB, Jiang, ZY, Huang, JX, Zhang, AW, Shi, X & Jiao, SH 2012, 'Study on Surface Roughness and Friction during Hot Rolling of Stainless Steel 301', Advanced Materials Research, vol. 500, pp. 403-409.
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A well-defined boundary condition is important for generating an accurate model for simulating metal forming process. It is important to characterize the features of the oxide scale in hot rolling of stainless steel strip. Short time oxidation tests in humid air with water vapor content of 7.0 vol. % were carried out using Gleeble 3500 thermo-mechanical simulator. The deformation, surface morphology of oxide scale, and the friction in hot rolling were studied by conducting hot rolling tests. The results show that the surface roughness decreases with an increase of reduction. The effect of oxide scale on friction and surface roughness transfer in hot rolling depends on oxide scale generated during reheating. When reheating time is increased, the average thickness of oxide scale increases and a relatively rough surface was obtained after hot rolling. Thick oxide scale of 301 steel shows the high lubricative effect.

Wei, GW & Merigó, JM 2012, 'Methods for strategic decision-making problems with immediate probabilities in intuitionistic fuzzy setting', Scientia Iranica, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 1936-1946.
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Wen, L, He, K, Li, B, Wang, X, Guo, RL, Yu, Z, Mao, A, Ni, Y, Zhang, X, Zhou, J, Lv, L & Jiang, J 2012, 'In Vitro and In Vivo Isolation of a Novel Rearranged Porcine Circovirus Type 2', Journal of Virology, vol. 86, no. 23, pp. 13120-13120.
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ABSTRACT Here, we present the first report of a novel rearranged porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) strain named BIV, isolated from both in vitro and in vivo sources. The complete circular genome of BIV is 896 nucleotides in length. The data will help us to update current knowledge of the replication of PCV2 viruses in cell culture and of their molecular evolution, as well as their diagnosis.

Wen, L, He, K, Ni, Y, Zhang, X, Li, B, Wang, X, Guo, RL, Yu, Z, Mao, A, Zhou, J, Lv, L & Jiang, J 2012, 'In Vitro Intragenomic Rearrangement of Porcine Circovirus Type 2', Journal of Virology, vol. 86, no. 16, pp. 8911-8911.
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ABSTRACT We report here for the first time the genome sequence of a rearranged porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) strain, CH-IVT1, isolated from PCV2-infected PK-15 cells. The complete circular genome of the CH-IVT1 is 605 nucleotides (nt) in length. The finding will help us to understand the molecular evolution of PCV2 and the relationship between PCV2 and PCV-associated diseases.

Wen, S & Zeng, Z 2012, 'Dynamics Analysis of a Class of Memristor-Based Recurrent Networks with Time-Varying Delays in the Presence of Strong External Stimuli', Neural Processing Letters, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 47-59.
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In this paper, we investigate the dynamics problem about the memristor-based recurrent network with bounded activation functions and bounded time-varying delays in the presence of strong external stimuli. It is shown that global exponential stability of such networks can be achieved when the external stimuli are sufficiently strong, without the need for other conditions. A sufficient condition on the bounds of stimuli is derived for global exponential stability of memristor-based recurrent networks. And all the results are in the sense of Filippov solutions. Simulation results illustrate the uses of the criteria to ascertain the global exponential stability of specific networks. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

Wen, S, Zeng, Z & Huang, T 2012, '$H_{\infty}$ Filtering for Neutral Systems With Mixed Delays and Multiplicative Noises', IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, vol. 59, no. 11, pp. 820-824.
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Wen, S, Zeng, Z & Huang, T 2012, 'Adaptive synchronization of memristor-based Chuaʼs circuits', Physics Letters A, vol. 376, no. 44, pp. 2775-2780.
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Wen, S, Zeng, Z & Huang, T 2012, 'Exponential stability analysis of memristor-based recurrent neural networks with time-varying delays', Neurocomputing, vol. 97, pp. 233-240.
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Wen, S, Zeng, Z & Huang, T 2012, 'Reliable H ∞ filter design for a class of mixed-delay Markovian jump systems with stochastic nonlinearities and multiplicative noises via delay-partitioning method', International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 711-720.
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Wen, S, Zeng, Z & Huang, T 2012, 'Robust H ∞ output tracking control for fuzzy networked systems with stochastic sampling and multiplicative noise', Nonlinear Dynamics, vol. 70, no. 2, pp. 1061-1077.
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Wijeratne, INM, Kejalakshmy, N, Agrawal, A, Rahman, BMA & Grattan, KTV 2012, 'Numerical Analysis of Second Harmonic Generation in Soft Glass Equiangular Spiral Photonic Crystal Fibers', IEEE Photonics Journal, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 357-368.
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Wilde, MM & Hsieh, M-H 2012, 'Erratum to: The quantum dynamic capacity formula of a quantum channel; Public and private resource trade-offs for a quantum channel', Quantum Information Processing, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 1503-1509.
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Wilde, MM, Datta, N, Hsieh, M-H & Winter, A 2012, 'Quantum rate distortion coding with auxiliary resources', IEEE Transactions on Information Theory vol. 59, no. 10, pages 6755-6773 (October 2013), vol. 59, no. 10, pp. 6755-6773.
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We extend quantum rate distortion theory by considering auxiliary resources that might be available to a sender and receiver performing lossy quantum data compression. The first setting we consider is that of quantum rate distortion coding with the help of a classical side channel. Our result here is that the regularized entanglement of formation characterizes the quantum rate distortion function, extending earlier work of Devetak and Berger. We also combine this bound with the entanglement-assisted bound from our prior work to obtain the best known bounds on the quantum rate distortion function for an isotropic qubit source. The second setting we consider is that of quantum rate distortion coding with quantum side information (QSI) available to the receiver. In order to prove results in this setting, we first state and prove a quantum reverse Shannon theorem with QSI (for tensor-power states), which extends the known tensor-power quantum reverse Shannon theorem. The achievability part of this theorem relies on the quantum state redistribution protocol, while the converse relies on the fact that the protocol can cause only a negligible disturbance to the joint state of the reference and the receiver's QSI. This quantum reverse Shannon theorem with QSI naturally leads to quantum rate-distortion theorems with QSI, with or without entanglement assistance.

Wilde, MM, Hayden, P, Buscemi, F & Hsieh, M-H 2012, 'The information-theoretic costs of simulating quantum measurements', Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical vol. 45, no. 45, p. 453001 (2012), vol. 45, no. 45, pp. 1-67.
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Winter's measurement compression theorem stands as one of the most penetrating insights of quantum information theory (QIT). In addition to making an original and profound statement about measurement in quantum theory, it also underlies several other general protocols in QIT. In this paper, we provide a full review of Winter's measurement compression theorem, detailing the information processing task, giving examples for understanding it, reviewing Winter's achievability proof, and detailing a new approach to its single-letter converse theorem. We prove an extension of the theorem to the case in which the sender is not required to receive the outcomes of the simulated measurement. The total cost of common randomness and classical communication can be lower for such a 'non-feedback' simulation, and we prove a single-letter converse theorem demonstrating optimality. We then review the Devetak-Winter theorem on classical data compression with quantum side information, providing new proofs of its achievability and converse parts. From there, we outline a new protocol that we call 'measurement compression with quantum side information,' announced previously by two of us in our work on triple trade-offs in quantum Shannon theory. This protocol has several applications, including its part in the 'classically-assisted state redistribution' protocol, which is the most general protocol on the static side of the quantum information theory tree, and its role in reducing the classical communication cost in a task known as local purity distillation. We also outline a connection between measurement compression with quantum side information and recent work on entropic uncertainty relations in the presence of quantum memory. Finally, we prove a single-letter theorem characterizing measurement compression with quantum side information when the sender is not required to obtain the measurement outcome.

Wong, CS, Bennett, NS, Galiana, B, Tejedor, P, Benedicto, M, Molina-Aldareguia, JM & McNally, PJ 2012, 'Structural investigation of MOVPE-grown GaAs on Ge by x-ray techniques', Semiconductor Science and Technology, vol. 27, no. 11, pp. 115012-115012.
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Woodside, AG, Megehee, CM & Sood, S 2012, 'Conversations with(in) the collective unconscious by consumers, brands, and relevant others', Journal of Business Research, vol. 65, no. 5, pp. 594-602.
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Jung's (2009) paintings of his dreams to enable conscious interpretation of his conversations within the collective unconscious informs a call for creating visual narrative art to inform meanings of personal and collective unconscious relating to stories consumers tell about buying and using brands. This study describes 13 conversations relevant to the study of conscious and the collective unconscious for consumer-brand relationships/communications. The 13 conversations' paradigm is useful for complementing the dominant logic by scholars of asking questions and relying on consumer conscious interpretations in their responses. The article advocates the use of multiple methods for both collecting and interpreting consumer-brand relationships, and illustrates the usage of storyboard-art of consumer-brand relationships in natural contexts. Brand strategy implications focus on the value of identifying how brands enable consumers to enact primal forces (archetypes).

Wu, A, Wen, S & Zeng, Z 2012, 'Synchronization control of a class of memristor-based recurrent neural networks', Information Sciences, vol. 183, no. 1, pp. 106-116.
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Wu, C 2012, 'Research development on protection of structures against blast loading at University of Adelaide', Australian Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 97-109.
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This paper presents a review of research into the protection of structural members against blast loading at The University of Adelaide, including experimental, analytical and numerical studies on characteristics of blast loading, blast resistance of structural members and mitigation of blasts effects on structural members using retrofitting techniques. Explosive blasts are investigated experimentally and numerically to study the distributions of peak overpressure and impulse generated from spherical charges and cylindrical charges with different orientations in unconfined and confined environments. A series of blast tests on reinforced concrete (RC) slabs, ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) slabs, and aluminium foam protected RC slabs was conducted to investigate the performance of those slabs under blast loads. With the blast testing data numerical models including single degree of freedom model, finite difference model and final element model, have been developed and validated and those numerical models are then used to analyse the blast effects of RC, UHPC and foam protected RC slabs. Investigation of mitigation of blast effects on masonry structures is also addressed.

Wu, M, Jewell, R & Gide, E 2012, 'An eyeball diagram: illustrating the common CSFs in e-commerce business satisfaction for successful adoption of e-commerce systems by SMEs', International Journal of Electronic Customer Relationship Management, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 169-169.
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Wu, Z, Xu, G, Yu, Z, Yi, X, Chen, E & Zhang, Y 2012, 'Executing SQL queries over encrypted character strings in the Database-As-Service model', Knowledge-Based Systems, vol. 35, pp. 332-348.
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Wu, Z, Xu, G, Zhang, Y, Cao, Z, Li, G & Hu, Z 2012, 'GMQL: A graphical multimedia query language', Knowledge-Based Systems, vol. 26, pp. 135-143.
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The rapid increase of multimedia data makes multimedia query more and more important. To better satisfy users query requirements, developing a functional multimedia query language is becoming a promising and interesting task. In this paper, we propose a graphical multimedia query language called GMQL, which is developed based on a semi-structured data organization model. In GMQL, we combine the advantages of graphs and texts, making the query language much clear, easy to use and with powerful expressiveness. In this paper, we first present the notations and basic capabilities of GMQL by query examples. Second, we discuss the GMQL query processing techniques. Last, we evaluate and analyze our multimedia query language through the comparison with other existing multimedia query languages. The evaluation results show that, GMQL has powerful expressiveness, and thus is much applicable for multimedia information retrieval.

Wu, Z, Xu, G, Zhang, Y, Dolog, P & Lu, C 2012, 'An Improved Contextual Advertising Matching Approach based on Wikipedia Knowledge', The Computer Journal, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 277-292.
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The current boom of the Web is associated with the revenues originated from Web advertising. As one prevalent type of Web advertising, contextual advertising refers to the placement of the most relevant commercial textual ads within the content of a Web

Xia, X, Zhang, J & Cass, W 2012, 'Energy management of commercial buildings – A case study from a POET perspective of energy efficiency', Journal of Energy in Southern Africa, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 23-31.
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This paper aims at analyzing the energy management activities for commercial buildings of a financial service company in South Africa by energy efficiency in terms of performance, operation, equipment and technology (POET). The sustainability of a general energy management program is discussed within this POET framework. As an application of this discussion to the commercial building scenario, the award winning energy management program of this financial service group company is featured from the POET perspective of energy efficiency. The case study shows that the POET based framework can not only cover all major energy management activities, but also identify further energy efficiency improvement opportunities.

Xiao, J, Li, W & Poon, C 2012, 'Recent studies on mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete in China—A review', Science China Technological Sciences, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 1463-1480.
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Xiao, J, Li, W, Fan, Y & Huang, X 2012, 'An overview of study on recycled aggregate concrete in China (1996–2011)', Construction and Building Materials, vol. 31, pp. 364-383.
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Xiao, J, Li, W, Sun, Z & Shah, SP 2012, 'Crack Propagation in Recycled Aggregate Concrete under Uniaxial Compressive Loading', ACI Materials Journal, vol. 109, no. 4, pp. 451-461.
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Xiao, X, Xu, C, Wang, J & Xu, M 2012, 'Enhanced 3-D Modeling for Landmark Image Classification', IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 1246-1258.
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Landmark image classification is a challenging task due to the various circumstances, e. g., illumination, viewpoint, zoom in/out and occlusion under which landmark images are taken. Most existing approaches utilize features extracted from the whole imag

Xie, M, Nghiem, LD, Price, WE & Elimelech, M 2012, 'Comparison of the removal of hydrophobic trace organic contaminants by forward osmosis and reverse osmosis', WATER RESEARCH, vol. 46, no. 8, pp. 2683-2692.
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Xie, M, Price, WE & Nghiem, LD 2012, 'Rejection of pharmaceutically active compounds by forward osmosis: Role of solution pH and membrane orientation', SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY, vol. 93, pp. 107-114.
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Xie, W-M, Ni, B-J, Li, W-W, Sheng, G-P, Yu, H-Q & Song, J 2012, 'Formation and quantification of soluble microbial products and N2O production by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB)-enriched activated sludge', Chemical Engineering Science, vol. 71, pp. 67-74.
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Xie, W-M, Ni, B-J, Seviour, T, Sheng, G-P & Yu, H-Q 2012, 'Characterization of autotrophic and heterotrophic soluble microbial product (SMP) fractions from activated sludge', Water Research, vol. 46, no. 19, pp. 6210-6217.
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Xing, W, Ngo, HH, Guo, WS, Listowski, A & Cullum, P 2012, 'Optimization of an integrated sponge - Granular activated carbon fluidized bed bioreactor as pretreatment to microfiltration in wastewater reuse', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 113, pp. 214-218.
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A specific integrated fluidized bed bioreactor (iFBBR) was optimized in terms of organic loading rate (OLR), hydraulic retention time (HRT) and frequency of new sustainable flocculant (NSBF) addition for primary treated sewage effluent (PTSE) treatment. It was observed that iFBBR achieved the best performance with the operating conditions of 4 times/day NSBF addition, HRT of 90 min and OLR of 8.64 kgCOD/day m3. The removal efficiencies were found to be more than 93% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), 61% of total nitrogen (T-N) and 60% of total phosphorus (T-P). iFBBR as pretreatment of submerged microfiltration (SMF) is successful in increasing the critical flux and reducing the membrane fouling. NSBF-iFBBR-SMF hybrid system led to very high organic removal efficiency with an average DOC removal of 97% from synthetic PTSE.

Xinwang Liu & Shui Yu 2012, 'On the Stress Function-Based OWA Determination Method With Optimization Criteria', IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics), vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 246-257.
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Xiong, P & Zhu, T 2012, 'A data anonymization approach based on impurity gain and hierarchical clustering', Jisuanji Yanjiu yu Fazhan/Computer Research and Development, vol. 49, no. 7, pp. 1545-1552.
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Data anonymization is one of the important solutions to preserve privacy in data publishing. The basic concept of data anonymization and the application models are introduced, and the requirements that an anonymized dataset should meet are discussed. To resist the background knowledge attack, a new data anonymization approach based on impurity gain and hierarchical clustering is brought out. The impurity of a cluster is used to measure the randomicity of sensitive attributes, and the clusters' combination process is controlled by the restrictions that the information loss caused by generalization should be minimized and the impurity gain should be maximized. With the method, the anonymization results of a dataset can meet the requirements of k-anonymity model and l-diversity model, meanwhile, the information loss is minimized and the values of the sensitive attributes in each cluster has a uniform distribution. An evaluation method is provided in the experiment section, which compares anonymized dataset with the original one to evaluate the quality by calculating the average information loss and impurity. The experimental results validate the availability of the method.

Xu, D, Yang, Y, Cheng, H, Li, YY & Zhang, K 2012, 'Integration of nano-Al with Co3O4 nanorods to realize high-exothermic core–shell nanoenergetic materials on a silicon substrate', Combustion and Flame, vol. 159, no. 6, pp. 2202-2209.
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Xu, M, He, X, Peng, Y, Jin, JS, Luo, S, Chia, L-T & Hu, Y 2012, 'Content on demand video adaptation based on MPEG-21 digital item adaptation', EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, vol. 2012, no. 1, pp. 1-16.
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One of the major objectives in multimedia research is to provide pervasive access and personalized use of multimedia information. Pervasive access of video data implies the access of cognitive and affective aspects of video content. Personalized use requires the services satisfy individual users needs on video content. This article attempts to provide a content-on-demand (CoD) video adaptation solution by considering users preference on cognitive content and affective content for video media in general, sports video and movies in particular. In this article, CoD video adaptation system is developed to support users decision in selecting their content of interest and adaptively deliver video source by selecting relevant content and dropping frames while considering network conditions. First, video contents are annotated by the description schemes (DSs) provided by MPEG-7 multimedia description schemes (MDSs). Then, to achieve a generic adaptation solution, the adaptation is developed following MPEG-21 Digital Item Adaptation (DIA) framework. We study the MPEG-21 reference software on XML generation and develop our own system for CoD video adaptation in three steps: (1) the content information is parsed from MPEG-7 annotation XML file together with bitstream to generate generic Bitstream Syntax Description (gBSD); (2) Usersâ preference, network characteristic and adaptation QoS (AQoS) are considered for making adaptation decision; (3) adaptation engine automatically parses adaptation decisions and gBSD to achieve adaptation. Unlike most existing adaptation work, the system adapts the content of interest in the video stream according to usersâ preference. We implement the above-mentioned MPEG-7 and MPEG-21 standards and provide a generic video adaptation solution. Adaptation based on gBSD avoids complex video computation. Thirty students from various departments were invited to assess the system and their responses have been positive.

Xu, X, Yang, H & Liu, Y 2012, 'Self-assembled structures of CuO primary crystals synthesized from Cu(CH3COO)2–NaOH aqueous systems', CrystEngComm, vol. 14, no. 16, pp. 5289-5289.
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Xu, XX, Nie, FL, Wang, YB, Zhang, JX, Zheng, W, Li, L & Zheng, YF 2012, 'Effective inhibition of the early copper ion burst release with ultra-fine grained copper and single crystal copper for intrauterine device application', Acta Biomaterialia, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 886-896.
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Xu, Y & Lee, JE-Y 2012, 'Characterization and modeling of a contour mode mechanical resonator using piezoresistive sensing with quasi-differential inputs', Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, vol. 22, no. 12, pp. 125018-125018.
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Xu, Y & Lee, JE-Y 2012, 'Single-Device and On-Chip Feedthrough Cancellation for Hybrid MEMS Resonators', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 59, no. 12, pp. 4930-4937.
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Xu, Y, Merigó, JM & Wang, H 2012, 'Linguistic power aggregation operators and their application to multiple attribute group decision making', Applied Mathematical Modelling, vol. 36, no. 11, pp. 5427-5444.
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Yafi, E, Al-Hegami, AS, Alam, A & Biswas, R 2012, 'YAMI: Incremental mining of interesting association patterns', International Arab Journal of Information Technology, vol. 9, no. 6.
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Association rules are an important problem in data mining. Massively increasing volume of data in real life databases has motivated researchers to design novel and incremental algorithms for association rules mining. In this paper, we propose an incremental association rules mining algorithm that integrates shocking interestingness criterion during the process of building the model. A new interesting measure called shocking measure is introduced. One of the main features of the proposed approach is to capture the user background knowledge, which is monotonically augmented. The incremental model that reflects the changing data and the user beliefs is attractive in order to make the over all KDD process more effective and efficient. We implemented the proposed approach and experiment it with some public datasets and found the results quite promising.

Yan, Z & Wang, J 2012, 'Model Predictive Control for Tracking of Underactuated Vessels Based on Recurrent Neural Networks', IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 717-726.
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Yan, Z & Wang, J 2012, 'Model Predictive Control of Nonlinear Systems With Unmodeled Dynamics Based on Feedforward and Recurrent Neural Networks', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 746-756.
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Yang Liu, Fei Wu, Yi Yang, Yueting Zhuang & Hauptmann, AG 2012, 'Spline Regression Hashing for Fast Image Search', IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 21, no. 10, pp. 4480-4491.
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Yang, C, Sheng, D & Carter, JP 2012, 'Effect of hydraulic hysteresis on seepage analysis for unsaturated soils', Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 41, pp. 36-56.
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Yang, C, Zeng, Z & Wen, S 2012, 'Dissipativity Analysis and Stabilization for Stochastic Systems with Repeated Scalar Nonlinearities and Applications', Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 2019-2033.
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Yang, F, Coughlin, D, Phillips, P, Yang, L, Mills, MJ & Noebe, RD 2012, 'High Resolution Microscopy Analysis of a New Precipitate Phase in Ni-rich NiTiHf and NiPdTiHf High Temperature Shape Memory Alloys', Microscopy and Microanalysis, vol. 18, no. S2, pp. 366-367.
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Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.

Yang, L, Thomas, P & Stuart, B 2012, 'Discrimination of thermally treated low density polyethylenes using DSC and principal component analysis', Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, vol. 108, no. 2, pp. 445-448.
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The potential for differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) as a tool for the discrimination of forensic polymer specimens is investigated for a series of commercial low density polyethylene (LDPE) samples. Variation in the melting temperatures of 'as received' samples was found to be too small for its use in sample discrimination. The melting behaviour of thermally treated samples, quenched from the melt in liquid nitrogen followed by annealing at temperatures below the melting temperature, showed promise in discrimination potential. The application of principal component analysis to aid discrimination demonstrated the necessity in using a controlled thermal history to aid the discrimination process. The clustering of the LDPEs based on the factors selected demonstrated the potential of DSC for the discrimination of forensic LDPE samples.

Yang, S, Nguyen, ND, Eisman, JA & Nguyen, TV 2012, 'Association between beta-blockers and fracture risk: A Bayesian meta-analysis', Bone, vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 969-974.
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Background: The association between beta-blockers (BB) and fracture risk is controversial, due largely to conflicting findings from previous studies. The present study sought to evaluate the effect of BB on fracture risk by using a Bayesian meta-analysis approach. Methods and results: We systematically retrieved 13 observational studies on the association between BB use and fracture risk. This meta-analysis involved more than 907.000 men and women with mean/median age of individual studies ranging from 43 to 81 years. We used a hierarchical Bayesian random effects model to synthesize the results. BB use was associated with an average 17% reduction in the risk of any fracture (risk ratio [RR] 0.83: 95% credible interval [Crl]: 0.71-0.93), hip fracture (RR 0.83: 95% Crl: 0.70-0.92) and vertebral fracture (RR 0.81:95% Crl: 0.61-0.99). The probability that BB use reduces fracture risk by at least 10% was 0.91. Conclusions: Beta-blockers are associated with reduced risk of fracture in older adults, but the effect size is likely to be modest. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Yang, X, Tao, X, Cui, Q & Jay Guo, Y 2012, 'Interference-constrained adaptive simultaneous spectrum sensing and data transmission scheme for unslotted cognitive radio network', EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, vol. 2012, no. 1, pp. 1-12.
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Cognitive radio (CR) is widely recognized as a novel approach to improve the spectrum efficiency. However, there exists one problem needed to be resolved urgently, that is the two conflicting goals in CR network: one is to minimize the interference to primary (licensed) system; the other is to maximize the throughput of secondary (unlicensed) system. Meanwhile, the secondary user (SU) has to monitor the spectrum continuously to avoid the interference to primary user (PU), thus the throughput of the secondary system is affected by how often and how long the spectrum sensing is performed. Aiming to balance the two conflicting goals, this article proposes a novel Interference-Constrained Adaptive Simultaneous spectrum Sensing and data Transmission (ICASST) scheme for unslotted CR network, where SUs are not synchronized with PUs. In the ICASST scheme, taking advantage of the statistic information of PU’s activities, the data transmission time is adaptively adjusted to avoid the interference peculiar to unslotted CR network; the operation of spectrum sensing is moved to SU receiver from SU transmitter to increase the data transmission time and hence improve the throughput of SU. Simulation results validate the efficiency of ICASST scheme, which significantly increases the throughput of secondary system and decreases the interference to PU simultaneously. © 2012 Yang et al.

Yang, X, Tao, X, Guo, YJ, Huang, X & Cui, Q 2012, 'Subsampled circulant matrix based analogue compressed sensing', Electronics Letters, vol. 48, no. 13, pp. 767-767.
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The modulated wideband converter (MWC) is an attractive analogue compressed sensing technique proposed recently. Unfortunately, the MWC has high hardware complexity owing to its parallel structure. To reduce the complexity, proposed is a novel subsampled circulant matrix based analogue compressed sensing (SCM-ACS) scheme. Using the cyclic shifts of the Zadoff-Chu sequence, the SCM-ACS scheme reduces the number of physical parallel channels from m to 1 with larger processing time, where m ranges from several dozen to several hundred. It is proved that when m=O(r log 2 M log 3 r) the measurement matrix of the SCM-ACS scheme satisfies the restricted isometry property condition with probability 1-M -O (1), where M is the length of the Zadoff-Chu sequence, and r is the sparsity of the input signal. Simulation results show that the SCM-ACS scheme outperforms the MWC on recovery performance. © 2012 The Institution of Engineering and Technology.

Yang, X-S & Gandomi, AH 2012, 'Bat Algorithm: A Novel Approach for Global Engineering Optimization', Engineering Computations, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 483-483.
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Nature-inspired algorithms are among the most powerful algorithms for optimization. In this study, a new nature-inspired metaheuristic optimization algorithm, called bat algorithm (BA), is introduced for solving engineering optimization tasks. The proposed BA is based on the echolocation behavior of bats. After a detailed formulation and explanation of its implementation, BA is verified using eight nonlinear engineering optimization problems reported in the specialized literature. BA has been carefully implemented and carried out optimization for eight well-known optimization tasks. Then, a comparison has been made between the proposed algorithm and other existing algorithms. The optimal solutions obtained by the proposed algorithm are better than the best solutions obtained by the existing methods. The unique search features used in BA are analyzed, and their implications for future research are also discussed in detail.

Yang, X-S & Gandomi, AH 2012, 'Bat algorithm: a novel approach for global engineering optimization', ENGINEERING COMPUTATIONS, vol. 29, no. 5-6, pp. 464-483.
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Yang, X-S, Sadat Hosseini, SS & Gandomi, AH 2012, 'Firefly Algorithm for solving non-convex economic dispatch problems with valve loading effect', Applied Soft Computing, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 1180-1186.
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Yang, Y, Roy, SM, Karmakar, NC & Zhu, X 2012, 'A NOVEL NARROW BANDPASS FILTER FOR IMAGE REJECTION AND CHANNEL SELECTION IN A WIRELESS SLEEP APNOEA MONITORING SYSTEM', Progress In Electromagnetics Research, vol. 125, pp. 483-501.
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Yang, Y, Wu, F, Nie, F, Shen, HT, Zhuang, Y & Hauptmann, AG 2012, 'Web and Personal Image Annotation by Mining Label Correlation With Relaxed Visual Graph Embedding', IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 1339-1351.
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Yang, Y, Zhu, X & Karmakar, NC 2012, 'A novel microstrip lowpass filter using compact microstrip resonant cells and uniquely shaped defected ground structures', Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 54, no. 11, pp. 2462-2464.
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Yang, Y, Zhu, X & Karmakar, NC 2012, 'Compact microstrip lowpass filter for harmonics suppression using a new defected ground structure', Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 1385-1387.
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Yang, Y, Zhu, X & Karmakar, NC 2012, 'Microstrip lowpass filter based on split ring and complementary split ring resonators', Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 54, no. 7, pp. 1723-1726.
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Yang, Z, Liu, J, Liang, X-Q, Jiang, Y, Zhang, T, Han, B, Sun, F-X & Liu, L 2012, 'Two novel 2D metal–organic frameworks based on biphenyl-2,2′,6,6′-tetracarboxylic acid: Synthesis, structures and luminescent properties', Inorganic Chemistry Communications, vol. 16, pp. 92-94.
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Ye, D, Zhang, M & Sutanto, D 2012, 'Self-organization in an agent network: A mechanism and a potential application', Decision Support Systems, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 406-417.
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Ye, X, Chen, Y, Zhang, J & Xia, X 2012, 'Effects of trends and seasonalities on robustness of the Hurst parameter estimators', IET Signal Processing, vol. 6, no. 9, pp. 849-856.
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Yeh, WC, Cao, L & Jin, JS 2012, 'A cellular automata hybrid quasi-random Monte Carlo simulation for estimating the one-to-all reliability of acyclic multi-state information networks', International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information and Control, vol. 8, no. 3 B, pp. 2001-2014.
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Many real-world systems (such as cellular telephones and transportation) are acyclic multi-state information networks (AMIN). These networks are composed of multi-state nodes, with different states determined by a set of nodes that receive a signal directly from these multi-state nodes, without satisfying the conservation law. Evaluating the AMIN reliability arises at the design and exploitation stage of many types of technical systems. However, existing analytical methods fail to estimate AMIN reliability in a realistic time frame, even for smaller-sized AMINs. Hence, the main purpose of this article is to present a cellular automata hybrid quasi-Monte Carlo simulation (CA-HMC) by combining cellular automata (CA, to rapidly determine network states), pseudo-random sequences (PRS, to obtain the exibility of the network) and quasi-random sequences (QRS, to improve the accuracy) to obtain a high-quality estimation of AMIN reliability in order to improve the calculation efficiency. We use one benchmark example from well-known algorithms in literature to show the utility and performance of the proposed CA-HMC simulation when evaluating the one-to-all AMIN reliability. © 2012 ISSN 1349-4198.

Yi Yang, Feiping Nie, Dong Xu, Jiebo Luo, Yueting Zhuang & Yunhe Pan 2012, 'A Multimedia Retrieval Framework Based on Semi-Supervised Ranking and Relevance Feedback', IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 723-742.
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Yi Yang, Hallman, S, Ramanan, D & Fowlkes, CC 2012, 'Layered Object Models for Image Segmentation', IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 34, no. 9, pp. 1731-1743.
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Yisgedu, TB, Huang, Z, Chen, X, Lingam, HK, King, G, Highley, A, Maharrey, S, Woodward, PM, Behrens, R, Shore, SG & Zhao, J-C 2012, 'The structural characterization of (NH4)2B10H10 and thermal decomposition studies of (NH4)2B10H10 and (NH4)2B12H12', International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 4267-4273.
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YOSHIZAWA, S & MIYANAGA, Y 2012, 'Design of Area- and Power-Efficient Pipeline FFT Processors for 8x8 MIMO-OFDM Systems', IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences, vol. E95-A, no. 2, pp. 550-558.
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Youssef, AM, Pradhan, B, Sabtan, AA & El-Harbi, HM 2012, 'Coupling of remote sensing data aided with field investigations for geological hazards assessment in Jazan area, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia', Environmental Earth Sciences, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 119-130.
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Yu, K & Dutkiewicz, E 2012, 'Correction to “Geometry and Motion-Based Positioning Algorithms for Mobile Tracking in NLOS Environments”', IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 704-704.
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Yu, N 2012, 'Multi-partite $W-$type state is determined by its single particle reduced density matrices', Phys. Rev. A, vol. 87, no. 5, pp. 052310-3.
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In this short note, we show that multi-partite $W$-type state is up to local unitaries uniquely determined by its reduced density matrices.

Yu, N, Duan, R & Ying, M 2012, 'Four Locally Indistinguishable Ququad-Ququad Orthogonal Maximally Entangled States', PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, vol. 109, no. 2, pp. 020506-020506.
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We explicitly exhibit a set of four ququad-ququad orthogonal maximally entangled states that cannot be perfectly distinguished by means of local operations and classical communication. Before our work, it was unknown whether there is a set of d locally indistinguishable d⊗d orthogonal maximally entangled states for some positive integer d. We further show that a 2⊗2 maximally entangled state can be used to locally distinguish this set of states without being consumed, thus demonstrate a novel phenomenon of entanglement discrimination catalysis. Based on this set of states, we construct a new set K consisting of four locally indistinguishable states such that K(⊗m) (with 4(m) members) is locally distinguishable for some m greater than one. As an immediate application, we construct a noisy quantum channel with one sender and two receivers whose local zero-error classical capacity can achieve the full dimension of the input space but only with a multi-shot protocol.

Yu, S, Zhou, W, Jia, W & Hu, J 2012, 'Attacking Anonymous Web Browsing at Local Area Networks Through Browsing Dynamics', The Computer Journal, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 410-421.
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Yu, S, Zhou, W, Jia, W, Guo, S, Xiang, Y & Tang, F 2012, 'Discriminating DDoS Attacks from Flash Crowds Using Flow Correlation Coefficient', IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 1073-1080.
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Yu, X, Jiang, Z, Wei, D, Wang, X & Yang, Q 2012, 'Modelling of Temperature-Dependent Growth Kinetics of Oxide Scale on Hot-Rolled Steel Strip', Advanced Science Letters, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 219-223.
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A numerical simulation, developed to predict the temperature distribution and calculate the growth rate of the oxide scale formed on the microalloyed low carbon steel during the laminar cooling of hot strip rolling, was conducted by two-dimensional finite element method. The model takes into account the different thermophysical properties of the multilayered oxide scales and the film boundary conditions for the water jet impingement zone and the stable film boiling zone through the run-out table. Complied with the parabolic growth of the oxide layers and the distribution of the oxide phase, it is found that the present of wustite (FeO) results in a significant increase of the oxidation rate. However, the parabolic rate constant for the simultaneous growth of the two outer layers of magnetite (Fe 3O 4) and hematite (Fe 2O 3) reduce rapidly compared to that of three-layer oxide scale. The growth rates and temperature gradients predicted by the model can be employed to elucidate the formation mechanism of oxide scales, as well as to analyse oxide scale failure. © 2012 American Scientific Publishers. All rights reserved.

Yu, XL, Jiang, ZY, Wang, XD, Wei, DB & Yang, Q 2012, 'Effect of Coiling Temperature on Oxide Scale of Hot-Rolled Strip', Advanced Materials Research, vol. 415-417, pp. 853-858.
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The influence of the coiling temperature, ranging from 550 to 570°C, on the morphology and the phase composition of the oxide scale formed on the microalloyed low carbon steel for automobiles after hot strip rolling was investigated. Physicochemical characteristics of the oxide scales were examined and their formation mechanism was discussed. Thickness of the oxide scale is in the range of 8-11µm and decreases with a decrease of coiling temperature. The microstructure and phase composition, XRD analysis shows a large amount of magnetite (Fe3O4) and some sparse hematite (Fe2O3) exist on the surface of hot rolled strip when the coiling temperature reduces from 570 to 550°C. The coiling temperature substantially affects the internal microstructure and magnetite phase.

Yu, XL, Jiang, ZY, Yang, DJ, Wei, DB & Yang, Q 2012, 'Precipitation Behavior of Magnetite in Oxide Scale during Cooling of Microalloyed Low Carbon Steel', Advanced Materials Research, vol. 572, pp. 249-254.
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Precipitation behavior of magnetite particles in the thermal grown oxide scale during isothermal cooling of microalloyed low carbon steel was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thin film X-ray. The oxide scale was generated from Gleeble 3500 Thermal Mechanical Simulator connected with a humid air generator, to simulate 550 and 450C isothermal treatments. Several types of magnetite precipitates were observed during different cooling processes with respect to the possible mechanisms of precipitation have been discussed. It is found that magnetite particles is as a result of pro-eutectoid precipitation from oxygen-rich wustite, and also as a product of the partial decomposition of wustite during the cooling process due to change of oxygen concentration and migration of iron ions. Furthermore, microalloyed elements in steel reduce the stability of wustite thereby facilitate the precipitation process, whose products of multi-phase oxide finally determine the adhesive strength of oxide scale and steel substrate.

Yu, XL, Wei, DB, Wang, XD & Jiang, ZY 2012, 'Experimental Study on Adhesion of Oxide Scale on Hot-Rolled Steel Strip', Advanced Materials Research, vol. 472-475, pp. 622-625.
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An experimental method was developed to study the adherence properties of the oxide scale formed on microalloyed low carbon steel after hot strip rolling. The evolution of the oxide scale during laminar cooling was investigated using Gleeble 3500 Thermal-Mechanical Simulator connected with a humid air generator. After the sample cooled down to ambient temperature, the oxide scale was protected by lacquer to prevent the scale from losing. Physicochemical characteristics of the oxide scale were examined and the adherence mechanism was discussed. Decomposed wustite a mixture of α-iron and magnetite (Fe3O4), can substantially improve the integrity of oxide scale. However, large quantities of hematite (Fe2O3) or retained wustite (FeO) were found detrimental to the adhesion of the oxide scale. It is found that the adherence of oxide scales significantly depends on the phase composition of oxide scales with different thickness.

Yu, Y & Zong, G 2012, 'Note: Ultrasonic liquid flow meter for small pipes', Review of Scientific Instruments, vol. 83, no. 2, pp. 026107-026107.
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An ultrasonic flow meter for small pipes is presented. For metal pipe diameter smaller than 10 mm, clamp-on ultrasonic contrapropagation flow meters may encounter difficulties if cross talk or the short acoustic path contributes to large uncertainty in transit time measurement. Axial inline flow meters can avoid these problems, but they may introduce other problems if the transducer port is not properly positioned. Three types of pipe connecting tees are compared using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. CFD shows the 45° tee has more uniform velocity distribution over the measuring section. A prototype flow meter using the 45° tee was designed and tested. The zero flow experiment shows the flow meter has a maximum of 0.002 m/s shift over 24 h. The flow meter is calibrated by only 1 meter factor. After calibration, inaccuracy lower than 0.1% of reading was achieved in the laboratory, for a measuring range from 15 to 150 g/s (0.29 to 2.99 m/s; Re = 2688 to 26 876).

Yu, Y, Wu, Y, Feng, R & Wan, J 2012, 'A hierarchical data fusion method for detection of the leak of gas pipelines based on wireless sensor network', Gaojishu Tongxin/Chinese High Technology Letters, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 1-7.
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To improve the accuracy and reliability of the leak monitoring of gas pipelines by using wireless sensor networks(WSN), this paper puts forward a hierarchical data fusion algorithm based on the combination of the wavelet support vector machine (SVM) method and the evidence theory. The algorithm is described below. In the signal level fusion, the noise elimination for primitive signals is conducted using the wavelet transform technology, and leak characteristic parameters are totally extracted as well. In the attribute fusion, a multi-classifier model based on SVM is constructed, and characteristic parameters as input vectors are sent to the multi-classifier for initial recognition. In the decision level fusion, the evidence combination is accomplished using the improved evidence combination methods at the sink node for final decision making. The experimental results show that the approach could improve the precision of the leak location detection and reduce the undetected rate as well as the false alarm rate.

Yu, Y, Wu, Y, Yu, N, Feng, R & Wan, J 2012, 'Research on node deployment based on optimal network lifetime in pipeline monitoring sensor networks', Yi Qi Yi Biao Xue Bao/Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 20-28.
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This paper puts forward a sort of optimal node deployment scheme of pipeline monitoring sensor networks to lower the network node energy consumption and prolong network lifetime. Network cost-lifetime is adopted as the optimization objective. The relationship among network size, node spacing and data transmission structure is intensively analyzed. And a mathematical model of network deployment optimization problem is set up, which is solved using hybrid genetic algorithm. The algorithm amends the infeasible solution with external function method. In the meantime, the simulated annealing operator is used in the algorithm to enhance the searching capability. Theoretical analysis and experiment result show that compared with existing node deployment schemes, the new scheme not only reduces node energy consumption and balances network load, but also benefits network lifetime.

Yue, XD, Miao, DQ, Zhang, N, Cao, LB & Wu, Q 2012, 'Multiscale roughness measure for color image segmentation', Information Sciences, vol. 216, pp. 93-112.
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Color image segmentation is always an important technique in image processing system. Highly precise segmentation with low computation complexity can be achieved through roughness measurement which approximate the color histogram based on rough set theor

Yunusa, IAM, Loganathan, P, Nissanka, SP, Manoharan, V, Burchett, MD, Skilbeck, CG & Eamus, D 2012, 'Application of Coal Fly Ash in Agriculture: A Strategic Perspective', CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 559-600.
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Fly ash is a major waste of coal-power generation and its management is a major environmental and economic challenge, and it will become even more critical with a projected increase in the reliance on coal for power generation. The authors discuss how th

Yuwono, M, Moulton, BD, Su, SW, Celler, BG & Nguyen, HT 2012, 'Unsupervised machine-learning method for improving the performance of ambulatory fall-detection systems', BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING ONLINE, vol. 11, pp. 1-11.
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Background: Falls can cause trauma, disability and death among older people. Ambulatory accelerometer devices are currently capable of detecting falls in a controlled environment. However, research suggests that most current approaches can tend to have insufficient sensitivity and specificity in non-laboratory environments, in part because impacts can be experienced as part of ordinary daily living activities. Method: We used a waist-worn wireless tri-axial accelerometer combined with digital signal processing, clustering and neural network classifiers. The method includes the application of Discrete Wavelet Transform, Regrouping Particle Swarm Optimization, Gaussian Distribution of Clustered Knowledge and an ensemble of classifiers including a multilayer perceptron and Augmented Radial Basis Function (ARBF) neural networks. Results: Preliminary testing with 8 healthy individuals in a home environment yields 98.6% sensitivity to falls and 99.6% specificity for routine Activities of Daily Living (ADL) data. Single ARB and MLP classifiers were compared with a combined classifier. The combined classifier offers the greatest sensitivity, with a slight reduction in specificity for routine ADL and an increased specificity for exercise activities. In preliminary tests, the approach achieves 100% sensitivity on in-group falls, 97.65% on out-group falls, 99.33% specificity on routine ADL, and 96.59% specificity on exercise ADL. Conclusion: The pre-processing and feature-extraction steps appear to simplify the signal while successfully extracting the essential features that are required to characterize a fall. The results suggest this combination of classifiers can perform better than MLP alone. Preliminary testing suggests these methods may be useful for researchers who are attempting to improve the performance of ambulatory fall detection systems.

Zha, Z-J, Wang, M, Zheng, Y-T, Yang, Y, Hong, R & Chua, T-S 2012, 'Interactive Video Indexing With Statistical Active Learning', IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 17-27.
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Zhai, X, Zhong, Z & Stewart, MG 2012, 'Model Error and Structural Reliability for Reinforced Concrete Block Masonry Walls in Shear', Advances in Structural Engineering, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 389-398.
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The present paper develops a probabilistic model to calculate the structural reliability of typical reinforced grouted concrete block masonry walls designed to Chinese standards, loaded in horizontal shear. The statistical parameters for model error used for the structural reliability analysis are obtained from a database of wall test data from China. The effect of probability distribution of model error, the compressive strength for grouted concrete block masonry, live load type, load effect ratio, reinforcement ratio, wall length, wall size or strength discretization, vertical compressive load and ratio of shear span to depth were considered when calculating the structural reliability of reinforced masonry walls in shear. The structural reliability for reinforced concrete block masonry walls in shear is sensitive to the probability distribution of model error. The recommended lognormal distribution of model error based on test data provided a high reliability index, and when using Gamma and Gumbel distributions for typical structures the existing (design) safety levels were also found to exceed the target reliability of 3.7, whereas the safety levels were less than the target reliability using Normal and Weibull distributions of model error.

Zhan, Y, Wang, H & Zhu, J 2012, 'Modelling and control of hybrid UPS system with backup PEM fuel cell/battery', International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 1322-1331.
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This paper describes the dynamics modelling of a practical and cost-effective DC/DC converter, DC/AC inverter and AC/DC rectifier for an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system with backup proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and battery. Further

Zhang, AW, Jiao, SH, Jiang, ZY & Wei, DB 2012, 'Bubble Structures, Fishscaling Resistance and Adhesion of Vitreous Enamel to Low Carbon Steel', Advanced Materials Research, vol. 409, pp. 736-742.
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The bubble structures, fishscaling resistance, adhesion and its mechanism of vitreous enamel to low carbon steels were evaluated by microscopic methods. The results show that the microalloying elements deteriorates the adhesion but suppress the fishscaling tendency, the enamel-steel interface adhesion could be explained as mainly the mechanical interlocking and chemical bonding during the firing process; the lower carbon substrate causes higher proportion of bigger bubbles in the enamel layer and subsequently causes the lower fishscaling susceptibility.

Zhang, C, Hao, H, Tarasov, B & Zhu, X 2012, 'Some special phenomena and preliminary interpretations about measured strain signals from high-speed impact tests', International Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 3, no. 1/2, pp. 48-48.
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During the last several decades, considerable efforts have been devoted to high-speed impact tests to investigate dynamic properties of materials, such as metal, alloy, ceramic, polymer, rock, concrete, brick, mortar etc. The purpose of impact or shock test is to study the crash-relevant or blast-relevant behaviour of engineering materials under high strain rates. According to different test purposes, sometimes the strain rate could be extremely high, i.e., up to 10,000 unit strain per second. In the School of Civil and Resource Engineering at the University of Western Australia, some impact tests on steel material and concrete material have been carried out recently, to calibrate the impact loading ability of an innovative blast simulator device. From the test results, some special phenomena about measured strain signals were observed and reported, which may have an unavoidable influence on properly describing material dynamic properties. In order to avoid misleading the consequent analysis on acquiring the genuine dynamic behaviour of material or specimen from high-speed impact tests, some important factors, from the point view of experimental technique are discussed in the current paper. Copyright © 2012 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Zhang, G & Heusdens, R 2012, 'Linear Coordinate-Descent Message Passing for Quadratic Optimization', Neural Computation, vol. 24, no. 12, pp. 3340-3370.
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In this letter, we propose a new message-passing algorithm for quadratic optimization. The design of the new algorithm is based on linear coordinate descent between neighboring nodes. The updating messages are in a form of linear functions as compared to the min-sum algorithm of which the messages are in a form of quadratic functions. As a result, the linear coordinate-descent (LiCD) algorithm transmits only one parameter per message as opposed to the min-sum algorithm, which transmits two parameters per message. We show that when the quadratic matrix is walk-summable, the LiCD algorithm converges. By taking the LiCD algorithm as a subroutine, we also fix the convergence issue for a general quadratic matrix. The LiCD algorithm works in either a synchronous or asynchronous message-passing manner. Experimental results show that for a general graph with multiple cycles, the LiCD algorithm has comparable convergence speed to the min-sum algorithm, thereby reducing the number of parameters to be transmitted and the computational complexity.

Zhang, G, Klejsa, J & Kleijn, WB 2012, 'Optimal Index Assignment for Multiple Description Scalar Quantization With Translated Lattice Codebooks', IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 60, no. 8, pp. 4444-4451.
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Zhang, G, Xu, Y & Li, T 2012, 'A special issue on new trends in Intelligent Decision Support Systems', Knowledge-Based Systems, vol. 32, pp. 1-2.
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Zhang, G, Yang, Y & Chen, J 2012, 'A historical probability based noise generation strategy for privacy protection in cloud computing', Journal of Computer and System Sciences, vol. 78, no. 5, pp. 1374-1381.
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Cloud computing promises an open environment where customers can deploy IT services in pay-as-you-go fashion while saving huge capital investment in their own IT infrastructure. Due to the openness, various malicious service providers can exist. Such ser

Zhang, H, Xia, X & Zhang, J 2012, 'Optimal sizing and operation of pumping systems to achieve energy efficiency and load shifting', Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 86, pp. 41-50.
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Zhang, J, Li, N, Yang, Q & Hu, C 2012, 'Self-adaptive chaotic differential evolution algorithm for solving constrained circular packing problem', Journal of Computational Information Systems, vol. 8, no. 18, pp. 7747-7755.
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Circles packing into a circular container with equilibrium constraint is a NP hard layout optimization problem. It has a broad application in engineering. This paper studies a two-dimensional constrained packing problem. Classical differential evolution for solving this problem is easy to fall into local optima. An adaptive chaotic differential evolution algorithm is proposed to improve the performance in this paper. The weighting parameters are dynamically adjusted by chaotic mutation in the searching procedure. The penalty factors of the fitness function are modified during iteration. To keep the diversity of the population, we limit the population's concentration. To enhance the local search capability, we adopt adaptive mutation of the global optimal individual. The improved algorithm can maintain the basic algorithm's structure as well as extend the searching scales, and can hold the diversity of population as well as increase the searching accuracy. Furthermore, our improved algorithm can escape from premature and speed up the convergence. Numerical examples indicate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm. © 2012 Binary Information Press.

Zhang, JA & Huang, X 2012, 'Autocorrelation Based Coarse Timing with Differential Normalization', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 526-530.
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Abstract: Two novel differential normalization factors, depending on the severity of carrier frequency offset, are proposed for autocorrelation based coarse timing scheme. Compared with the conventional normalization factor based on signal energy, they improve the robustness of the timing metric to signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), improve the mainlobe sharpness of the timing metric and reduce both missed detection and false alarm probabilities.

Zhang, JA, Huang, X & Suzuki, H 2012, 'Phase-Shifted Interpolation for Complex Signals', IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 16, no. 9, pp. 1466-1469.
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This letter proposes simple algorithms for computing a phase shift term, which is introduced to greatly improve the accuracy of complex signal interpolation, applicable to any interpolator. Based on a cost function targeting at minimizing the phase transition between adjacent samples, the phase shift term can be easily computed using either signal statistics obtained in advance or known base samples in real time. Simulation results, exemplified for channel interpolation in OFDM systems, show that the proposed phase estimators can significantly improve the interpolation performance for various interpolators such as spline, low-pass filter, and linear and cubic polynomial interpolators, compared to the case without phase shifting.

Zhang, JA, Huang, X, Cantoni, A & Guo, YJ 2012, 'Sidelobe Suppression with Orthogonal Projection for Multicarrier Systems', IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 589-599.
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Sidelobe suppression, or out-of-band emission reduction, in multicarrier systems is conventionally achieved via time-domain windowing which is spectrum inefficient. Although some sidelobe cancellation and signal predistortion techniques have been proposed for spectrum shaping, they are generally not well balanced between complexity and suppression performance. In this paper, an efficient and low-complexity sidelobe suppression with orthogonal projection (SSOP) scheme is proposed. The SSOP scheme uses an orthogonal projection matrix for sidelobe suppression, and adopts as few as one reserved subcarrier for recovering the distorted signal in the receiver. Unlike most known approaches, the SSOP scheme requires multiplications as few as the number of subcarriers in the band, and enables straightforward selection of parameters. Analytical and simulation results show that more than 50dB sidelobe suppression can be readily achieved with only a slight degradation in receiver performance.

Zhang, Q, Jiang, Z & Wei, D 2012, 'Adhesion at oxide layer/substrate interface during sliding wear', International Journal of Surface Science and Engineering, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 270-270.
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Protective oxide film plays an indispensable role in reducing wear during metal-metal sliding contact, and its adherence to the substrate and stability is a major issue. This review examines some prevalent views proposed in literature on the adhesion between protective oxide layer formed during sliding wear and the steels and cast irons substrate under unlubricated condition. Attempt has been made to correlate some of them to be more connected and take them into account in a broader sliding condition in some sections in this review. Although this review is more relevant to the steels and cast irons as the tested materials during unlubricated unidirectional sliding, other alloys such as aluminium and Ni-based alloys would be hopefully to some extent associated.

Zhang, Q, Jiang, ZY, Xie, GL, Wei, DB & Han, JT 2012, 'Study on Microstructure and Friction of Bimetal 1.5Cr4.8Ni with Cast Iron and Low Carbon Steel', Advanced Materials Research, vol. 565, pp. 650-655.
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A cast iron/low carbon steel sandwich-structured bimetal fabricated through composite casting, followed by hot rolling and hot compression (40% reduction) in a vacuum, and water quenched using Gleeble 3500 thermomechanical simulator. The microstructure of a predominantly martensitic structure is transferred to a matrix with an amount of austenite. The measured results show that the macro-hardness is significantly lower due to the evolution of matrix. A considerable amount of secondary carbides were precipitated from the matrix. This study also shows that a significant difference in the value of coefficient of friction (COF) at the end when hot rolling (HR) was tested under three sets of sliding wear conditions, while those for hot rolling and heat treatment (HT) tends to be merged. An increased wear resistance of interfacial zone is expectable.

Zhang, R, Castel, A & François, R 2012, 'Concrete cracking due to chloride-induced reinforcement corrosion – influence of steel–concrete interface defects due to the ‘top-bar effect’', European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, vol. 16, no. 3-4, pp. 402-413.
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Zhang, T, Du, J, Guo, YJ & Sun, X 2012, 'Design and integration of HTS filters with a Josephson device', Superconductor Science and Technology, vol. 25, no. 10, pp. 105014-105014.
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A high-temperature superconducting (HTS) Josephson frequency down-converting module is demonstrated. An HTS monolithic frequency down-converting circuit and a biasing circuit board for the Josephson device are packaged into the module. The monolithic circuit consists of HTS filters and a Josephson oscillator-mixer device, integrated on a single 10mm×20mm chip of Y Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7x (YBCO) film on MgO substrate. A compact, low-loss HTS step-impedance low-pass filter was designed for the intermediate frequency (IF) output port. The modeling, simulation and measurement results of the HTS low-pass filter are presented in this paper. The frequency response and dynamic range of the on-chip integrated HTS down-converting module are also described. © 2012 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Zhang, T, Du, J, Guo, YJ & Sun, X-W 2012, 'On-chip integration of HTS bandpass and lowpass filters with Josephson mixer', Electronics Letters, vol. 48, no. 12, pp. 729-729.
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A compact high-T c superconducting (HTS) monolithic downconverter is presented. The HTS passive and active devices are integrated on one single chip to achieve compactness and high coupling efficiency. The downconverter consists of a HTS YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-x (YBCO) bandpass filter for RF input, a lowpass filter for IF output, and a self-pumped step-edge Josephson heterodyne mixer fabricated on a 20 ×10mm MgO substrate. Characterisations of the HTS filters and the frequency response of the on-chip integrated downconverter are reported. The results demonstrate the potential of the HTS downconverter for applications in wireless communications. © 2012 The Institution of Engineering and Technology.

Zhang, T, Wu, L, Cui, HR & Sun, XW 2012, '60 Ghz Receiver Front-End with Wideband Microstrip-To-Waveguide Transitions', Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, vol. 26, no. 5-6, pp. 663-672.
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Zhang, T, Zhang, G, Lu, J, Feng, X & Yang, W 2012, 'A New Index and Classification Approach for Load Pattern Analysis of Large Electricity Customers', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 153-160.
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Conducting load pattern analysis is an important task in obtaining typical load profiles (TLPs) of customers and grouping them into classes according to their load characteristics. When using clustering techniques to obtain the load patterns of electrici

Zhang, W, Lin, X, Zhang, Y, Cheema, MA & Zhang, Q 2012, 'Stochastic skylines', ACM Transactions on Database Systems, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 1-34.
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In many applications involving multiple criteria optimal decision making, users may often want to make a personal trade-off among all optimal solutions for selecting one object that fits best their personal needs. As a key feature, the skyline in a multidimensional space provides the minimum set of candidates for such purposes by removing all points not preferred by any (monotonic) utility/scoring functions; that is, the skyline removes all objects not preferred by any user no matter how their preferences vary. Driven by many recent applications with uncertain data, the probabilistic skyline model is proposed to retrieve uncertain objects based on skyline probabilities. Nevertheless, skyline probabilities cannot capture the preferences of monotonic utility functions. Motivated by this, in this article we propose a novel skyline operator, namely stochastic skylines. In the light of the expected utility principle, stochastic skylines guarantee to provide the minimum set of candidates to optimal solutions over a family of utility functions. We first propose the lskyline operator based on the lower orthant orders . lskyline guarantees to provide the minimum set of candidates to the optimal solutions for the family of monotonic multiplicative utility functions. While lskyline works very effectively for the family of multiplicative functions, it may miss optimal solutions for other utility /scoring functions (e.g., linear functions). To resolve this, we also propose a general stochastic skyline operator, gskyline , based on the usual orders . gskyline provides the minimum candidate set to the optimal solutions for all monotonic functions. For the first time regarding the existing literature, we investigate the complexities of determining a stochast...

Zhang, Y, Lin, X, Tao, Y, Zhang, W & Wang, H 2012, 'Efficient Computation of Range Aggregates against Uncertain Location-Based Queries', IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 1244-1258.
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In many applications, including location-based services, queries may not be precise. In this paper, we study the problem of efficiently computing range aggregates in a multidimensional space when the query location is uncertain. Specifically, for a query point Q whose location is uncertain and a set S of points in a multidimensional space, we want to calculate the aggregate (e.g., count, average and sum) over the subset S' of S such that for each p ? S', Q has at least probability ? within the distance ? to p. We propose novel, efficient techniques to solve the problem following the filtering-and-verification paradigm. In particular, two novel filtering techniques are proposed to effectively and efficiently remove data points from verification. Our comprehensive experiments based on both real and synthetic data demonstrate the efficiency and scalability of our techniques.

Zhang, Y, Miyanaga, Y & Siriteanu, C 2012, 'Robust Speech Recognition with Dynamic Time Warping and Nonlinear Median Filter', Journal of Signal Processing, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 147-157.
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Zhang, Y, Sun, G, Li, G, Luo, Z & Li, Q 2012, 'Optimization of foam-filled bitubal structures for crashworthiness criteria', Materials & Design, vol. 38, pp. 99-109.
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Thin-walled structures have been widely used as key components in automobile and aerospace industry to improve the crashworthiness and safety of vehicles while maintaining overall light-weight. This paper aims to explore the design issue of thin-walled bitubal column structures filled with aluminum foam. As a relatively new filler material, aluminum foam can increase crashworthiness without sacrificing too much weight. To optimize crashworthiness of the foam-filled bitubal square column, the Kriging meta-modeling technique is adopted herein to formulate the objective and constraint functions. The genetic algorithm (GA) and Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA II) are used to seek the optimal solutions to the single and multiobjective optimization problems, respectively. To compare with other thin-walled configurations, the design optimization is also conducted for empty bitubal column and foam-filled monotubal column. The results demonstrate that the foam-filled bitubal configuration has more room to enhance the crashworthiness and can be an efficient energy absorber.

Zhang, Y, Wei, D & Jiang, Z 2012, 'Solidification During Vertical Twin-Roll Casting of Magnesium Alloy', Advanced Science Letters, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 101-105.
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The process of vertical twin-roll casting including pouring, solidifying, rolling and cooling can be accomplished in a very short time. Some important process parameters in roll casting that are not difficult to be obtained in experiment may be acquired using numerical simulation. In this paper, a numerical simulation based on a 2D finite element model of vertical twin-roll strip casting coupling temperature, flow and thermal stress has been conducted. The influences of key process parameters including pouring temperature and casting speed have been studied. The distribution of thermal stress was obtained, and its effect on cracks on the surface of the strip was discussed. © 2012 American Scientific Publishers. All rights reserved.

Zhang, Y, Zhu, J, Zhao, Z, Xu, W & Dorrell, DG 2012, 'An Improved Direct Torque Control for Three-Level Inverter-Fed Induction Motor Sensorless Drive', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 1502-1513.
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A sensorless three-level neutral-point-clamped inverter-fed induction motor drive is proposed in this paper. The conventional direct torque control (DTC) switching table fails to consider the circuit limitations, such as neutral-point-balance and smooth vector switching, caused by the topology of a three-level inverter. Two kinds of modified schemes for three-level DTC are proposed to solve these problems. They also provide performance enhancement while maintaining robustness and simplicity. Fuzzy logic control and the speed-adaptive flux observer (with novel gain and load toque observation) are introduced to enhance the performance of the system. The issue of large starting current is investigated and solved by introducing the technique of preexcitation. A 32-bit fixed-point DSP-based motor drive is developed to achieve high-performance sensorless control over a wide speed range. The effectiveness of the proposed schemes is confirmed by simulation implementation and experimental validation.

Zhang, Z, Cheng, J, Li, J, Bian, W & Tao, D 2012, 'Segment-Based Features for Time Series Classification.', Comput. J., vol. 55, no. 9, pp. 1088-1102.
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In this paper, we propose an approach termed segment-based features (SBFs) to classify time series. The approach is inspired by the success of the component- or part-based methods of object recognition in computer vision, in which a visual object is described as a number of characteristic parts and the relations among the parts. Utilizing this idea in the problem of time series classification, a time series is represented as a set of segments and the corresponding temporal relations. First, a number of interest segments are extracted by interest point detection with automatic scale selection. Then, a number of feature prototypes are collected by random sampling from the segment set, where each feature prototype may include single segment or multiple ordered segments. Subsequently, each time series is transformed to a standard feature vector, i.e. SBF, where each entry in the SBF is calculated as the maximum response (maximum similarity) of the corresponding feature prototype to the segment set of the time series.

Zhao, L, Hoi, SCH, Wong, L, Hamp, T & Li, J 2012, 'Structural and Functional Analysis of Multi-Interface Domains', PLoS ONE, vol. 7, no. 12, pp. e50821-e50821.
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A multi-interface domain is a domain that can shape multiple and distinctive binding sites to contact with many other domains, forming a hub in domain-domain interaction networks. The functions played by the multiple interfaces are usually different, but there is no strict bijection between the functions and interfaces as some subsets of the interfaces play the same function. This work applies graph theory and algorithms to discover fingerprints for the multiple interfaces of a domain and to establish associations between the interfaces and functions, based on a huge set of multi-interface proteins from PDB. We found that about 40% of proteins have the multi-interface property, however the involved multi-interface domains account for only a tiny fraction (1.8%) of the total number of domains. The interfaces of these domains are distinguishable in terms of their fingerprints, indicating the functional specificity of the multiple interfaces in a domain. Furthermore, we observed that both cooperative and distinctive structural patterns, which will be useful for protein engineering, exist in the multiple interfaces of a domain

Zhao, L, Wong, L, Lu, L, Hoi, SCH & Li, J 2012, 'B-cell epitope prediction through a graph model', BMC BIOINFORMATICS, vol. 13, no. suppl 17, pp. 1-12.
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Background Prediction of B-cell epitopes from antigens is useful to understand the immune basis of antibody-antigen recognition, and is helpful in vaccine design and drug development. Tremendous efforts have been devoted to this long-studied problem, however, existing methods have at least two common limitations. One is that they only favor prediction of those epitopes with protrusive conformations, but show poor performance in dealing with planar epitopes. The other limit is that they predict all of the antigenic residues of an antigen as belonging to one single epitope even when multiple non-overlapping epitopes of an antigen exist. Results In this paper, we propose to divide an antigen surface graph into subgraphs by using a Markov Clustering algorithm, and then we construct a classifier to distinguish these subgraphs as epitope or non-epitope subgraphs. This classifier is then taken to predict epitopes for a test antigen. On a big data set comprising 92 antigen-antibody PDB complexes, our method significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art epitope prediction methods, achieving 24.7% higher averaged f-score than the best existing models. In particular, our method can successfully identify those epitopes with a non-planarity which is too small to be addressed by the other models. Our method can also detect multiple epitopes whenever they exist.

ZHAO, S-M, XIAO, YU, ZHU, YAN, ZHU, X-L & HSIEH, M-H 2012, 'NEW CLASS OF QUANTUM CODES CONSTRUCTED FROM CYCLIC DIFFERENCE SET', International Journal of Quantum Information, vol. 10, no. 01, pp. 1250015-1250015.
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We introduce joint difference sets as a generalization of cyclic difference sets, and we construct a new class of quantum error-correcting codes (QECCs) from these joint difference sets. The main benefits of our method are as follows. First, we can construct quantum codes that are both high rate and with large block length, while maintaining good performance. Second, the density of constructed quantum parity check matrix can approach zero when the code length is very large. This allows us to use a simple iterative decoding algorithm. Interestingly, our method yields the well-known [5,1,3] QECC.

Zhao, Y, Niu, S, Ho, SL, Fu, WN & Zhu, J 2012, 'A Parameterized Mesh Generation and Refinement Method for Finite Element Parameter Sweeping Analysis of Electromagnetic Devices', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 239-242.
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A parameterized mesh generation and refinement method is presented for parameter sweeping analysis of electromagnetic designs. The advantages of the method are distinct in that the method is remeshing-free, thus it can significantly reduce the numerical

Zhao, YX, Gao, BY, Shon, HK, Wang, Y, Kim, J-H, Yue, QY & Bo, XW 2012, 'Anionic polymer compound bioflocculant as a coagulant aid with aluminum sulfate and titanium tetrachloride', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 108, pp. 45-54.
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The objectives of this study are to investigate the impacts of anionic polymer compound bioflocculant (CBF) as a coagulant aid on coagulation performance and floc characteristics with titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) and aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3). The effect of dosing sequence was also investigated. Floc size, breakage, regrowth and floc fractal dimension were examined using a laser diffraction instrument. The results showed that CBF with TiCl4 or Al2(SO4)3 coagulants exhibited synergistic effects by promoting dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal. For both TiCl4 and Al2(SO4)3, the floc recoverability was improved by CBF addition, and the flocs formed by TiCl4 and the corresponding dual-coagulants showed weaker recovery ability than those by Al2(SO4)3 and the corresponding dual-coagulants. Fractal dimension analysis demonstrated that the floc fractal dimension values increased with the increasing coagulant dose. The effect of CBF on fractal dimension of the flocs generated by TiCl4 was different from that of Al2(SO4)3.

Zhao, YX, Gao, BY, Wang, Y, Shon, HK, Bo, XW & Yue, QY 2012, 'Coagulation performance and floc characteristics with polyaluminum chloride using sodium alginate as coagulant aid: A preliminary assessment', CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL, vol. 183, pp. 387-394.
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The effect of sodium alginate (SA) on coagulation performance and floc characteristics with polyaluminum chloride (PAC) was evaluated in synthetic humic acid-kaolin water treatment. Coagulation performance and floc characteristics of PAC were investigated for comparison. The results showed that PAC plus SA exhibited certain synergistic effect on DOC (dissolved organic carbon) and turbidity removal. DOC removal was more enhanced by SA at low PAC doses than at higher ones, while turbidity removal was enhanced when PAC doses were larger than 1.5 mg/L. The growth, breakage, regrowth and fractal nature of flocs were investigated using Mastersizer 2000, with the results suggesting that the aggregated flocs after PAC-SA (PAC dosed first) flocculation showed faster growth rate and with larger floc size compared with the flocs formed by PAC. Besides, PAC-SA gave the flocs with more open structure but better recovery ability after floc breakage compared with PAC.

Zhao, YX, Wang, Y, Gao, BY, Shon, HK, Kim, J-H & Yue, QY 2012, 'Coagulation performance evaluation of sodium alginate used as coagulant aid with aluminum sulfate, iron chloride and titanium tetrachloride', DESALINATION, vol. 299, no. 1, pp. 79-88.
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Coagulation-flocculation was applied to humic acid-kaolin synthetic water samples, using sodium alginate (SA) as a coagulant aid with primary coagulants used: aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3), iron chloride (FeCl3) and titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4). The corresponding dual-coagulants were dented as Al2(SO4)3-SA, FeCl3-SA and TiCl4-SA by dosing SA 30 s after primary coagulants addition. Coagulation performance was investigated in terms of turbidity reduction and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal and the flocs were characterized in terms of size, growth rate, strength, recoverability and structure through onâline monitoring of the coagulation process using Mastersizer 2000. The results showed that dual-coagulants could remove HA effectively with appropriate SA doses. Primary coagulants plus SA exhibited an apparent improvement in both floc growth rate and floc size. Besides, floc recoverability was significantly increased. It was suspected that SA addition may have a positive effect on the solid/liquid separation process. However, dual-coagulants gave the flocs with more open structure.

Zheng, F-C, Correia, L, Guo, YJ, O'Farrell, T & Madan, R 2012, 'Guest Editorial', Journal of Communications, vol. 7, no. 10, pp. 713-715.
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Zheng, L, Hoang, DB & Li, M 2012, 'Wireless Hybrid QoS Architecture with an Enhancement of Fair Intelligent Congestion Control', Wireless Engineering and Technology, vol. 03, no. 03, pp. 113-124.
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More subtle and explicit QoS control mechanisms are required at the radio access level, even though the simple and scalable Differentiated Services (DiffServ) QoS control model is acceptable for the core of the network. At the radio access level, available resources are severely limited and the degree of traffic aggregation is not significant, thus rendering the DiffServ principles less effective. In this paper we present a suitable hybrid QoS architecture framework to address the problem. At the wireless access end, the local QoS mechanism is designed in the context of IEEE 802.11 WLAN with 802.11e QoS extensions; so streams of those session-based applications are admitted, established according to the traffic profile they require, and guaranteed. As the core in the Admission Control of the hybrid QoS architecture, the Fair Intelligent Congestion Control (FICC) algorithm is applied to provide fairness among traffic aggregates and control congestion at the bottleneck interface between the wireless link and the network core via mechanisms of packet scheduling, buffer management, feedback and adjustments. It manages effectively the overloading scenario by preventing traffic violation from uncontrolled traffic, and providing guarantee to the priority traffic in terms of guaranteed bandwidth allocation and specified delay

Zheng, W, Wang, G, Lin, X, Jiang, H, Wei, D & Jiang, Z 2012, 'Study on the effects of polycrystal grain orientations on indentation hardness', International Journal of Surface Science and Engineering, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 338-338.
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The effects of polycrystal grain orientations on the indentation hardness were studied by both the experimental investigation and numerical simulation. The surface grain orientations of the sample were measured using the electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) technique, and are divided into three types of grains according to the characteristics of orientations. The indentation experiment was carried out on the surface grains with various orientations as the same direction of the indenter axis. According to the polycrystalline plastic forming theory, a new finite element method (FEM) model was established and the indentation processes on the grains with orientations of [111] and [1001 were numerically simulated. By comparing the hardness from simulation results with those of experiments, the new FEM model considering grain orientations was validated. The forming mechanism of the contour during indentation on surface grains with different orientations is also discussed in the study.

Zhou, A, Liu, M, Li, Z & Dutkiewicz, E 2012, 'Cross-Layer Design for Proportional Delay Differentiation and Network Utility Maximization in Multi-Hop Wireless Networks', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 1446-1455.
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Zhou, A, Liu, M, Li, Z & Dutkiewicz, E 2012, 'Modeling and Optimization of Medium Access in CSMA Wireless Networks with Topology Asymmetry', IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 11, no. 9, pp. 1559-1571.
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ZHOU, A-N, SHENG, D & CARTER, JP 2012, 'Modelling the effect of initial density on soil-water characteristic curves', Géotechnique, vol. 62, no. 8, pp. 669-680.
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This paper presents a simple approach to quantify the effect of initial soil density on the soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) of unsaturated soils. This approach is based on an incremental relationship between the degree of saturation and the initial void ratio, which satisfies the intrinsic constraints for three-phase porous materials. The incremental relationship can be incorporated into existing SWCC equations to model the water retention behaviour for deformable soils. Only one additional parameter is introduced, which can be conveniently calibrated by way of conventional water retention tests. The SWCCs for the same soil at different initial void ratios can be found using the proposed approach. The proposed approach is validated against experimental data from drying tests for both compacted and reconstituted soils.

Zhou, A-N, Sheng, D, Sloan, SW & Gens, A 2012, 'Erratum to “Interpretation of unsaturated soil behaviour in the stress–saturation space II: Constitutive relationships and validations’’', Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 43, pp. 177-177.
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Zhou, A-N, Sheng, D, Sloan, SW & Gens, A 2012, 'Interpretation of unsaturated soil behaviour in the stress – Saturation space, I: Volume change and water retention behaviour', Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 43, pp. 178-187.
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Zhou, A-N, Sheng, D, Sloan, SW & Gens, A 2012, 'Interpretation of unsaturated soil behaviour in the stress–saturation space', Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 43, pp. 111-123.
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Zhou, C & Ying, M 2012, 'Approximating Markov processes through filtration', THEORETICAL COMPUTER SCIENCE, vol. 446, pp. 75-97.
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In this paper, we define a probabilistic version of filtration and use it to provide a finite approximation of Markov processes. In order to measure the approximation, we employ probability logic to construct the final Markov process and define a metric on the set of Markov processes through this logic. Moreover, we show that the set endowed with this metric is a Polish space. Finally we point to some questions connecting approximation to uniformity and approximate bisimilarity as topics for future research.

Zhou, J, Lee, I, Thomas, B, Menassa, R, Farrant, A & Sansome, A 2012, 'In-Situ Support for Automotive Manufacturing Using Spatial Augmented Reality', International Journal of Virtual Reality, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 33-41.
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In automotive manufacturing, quality inspection of spot welding demands excessive manual operations. Operators refer to a printed drawing of the testing body, with the inspection points marked on this drawing. Operators have to locate the matching spot on the drawing and the body manually to perform the inspection. Further more, different subsets of spots are inspected on different car bodies with a pre-determined sequence. This paper describes a system that projects visual data onto arbitrary surfaces for providing just-in-time information to a user in-situ within a physical work-cell. This system aims to reduce the inefficiencies and potential mistakes in manual inspection process. This paper discusses how spatial augmented reality and head-mount displays may be combined to display global information visible by all operators as well as personalized information to individuals. Further investigations on applying spatial augmented reality for spot welding inspections are explored, including four types of digital information projected onto the surfaces of car body parts under structured work environments: 1) Location of spot welds; 2) Inspection methods; 3) Operation Description Sheet (ODS) information; 4) Visualization of weld locating methods. Three visualization methods are used to attract operators' attention to locate the position of spot welds efficiently. This paper also proposes a method to project augmentations on objects moving along an assembly line. The proposed system allows operators becoming more effective and efficient in performing proper inspections, by providing them the required information at the required time without the need to refer to paper-based manuals or computer terminals.

Zhou, J, Su, S, Guo, AH & Chen, WD 2012, 'Abnormalities Detection of IMU Based on PCA in Motion Monitoring', Applied Mechanics and Materials, vol. 224, no. 1, pp. 533-538.
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Inertial measurement units (IMU) are used as an affordable and effective remote measurement method for health monitoring in body sensor networks (BSNs) based on tracking people’s daily motions and activities. These inertial sensors are mostly micro-electro-mechanical systems with a combination of multi-axis combinations of precision gyroscopes, accelerometers, and magnetometers to sense multiple degrees of freedom (DoF).Unfortunately in the process of motion monitoring actual sensor outputs may contain some abnormalities, which might result in the misinterpretations of activities. In this paper, we use Principal component analysis (PCA) combined with Hotelling’s T2 and SPE statistic to detect abnormal data in the process of motion monitoring with IMU to ensure the reliability and accuracy in application. The simulated results prove this method is effective and feasible.

Zhou, JL, Maskaoui, K & Lufadeju, A 2012, 'Optimization of antibiotic analysis in water by solid-phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry', Analytica Chimica Acta, vol. 731, no. 1, pp. 32-39.
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This paper describes the development of an optimized method based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by liquid chromatographyelectrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS) for the simultaneous analysis of ten antibiotic compounds including tetracyclines, sulfonamides, macrolides and quinolones. LCMS/MS sensitivity has been optimized by alterations to both LC and MS operations. Of the two high resolution columns tested, Waters Symmetry C18 endcapped and Agilent Zorbax Bonus-RP, the latter was found to show better performance in producing sharp peaks and clear separation for most of the target compounds. Optimization of the MS fragmentation collision and cone energy enhanced the peak areas of the target analytes. The recovery of the target compounds from water samples was most efficient on Waters Oasis HLB SPE cartridge, while methanol was shown to be the most suitable solvent for desorbing the compounds from SPE. In addition, acidification of samples prior to SPE was shown to enhance the recovery of the compounds. To ensure a satisfactory recovery, the flow rate through SPE should be maintained at =10 mL min-1. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of antibiotics from environmental water samples, with concentrations being

Zhou, JT, Pan, SJ, Mao, Q & Tsang, IW 2012, 'Multi-view positive and unlabeled learning', Journal of Machine Learning Research, vol. 25, pp. 555-570.
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Learning with Positive and Unlabeled instances (PU learning) arises widely in information retrieval applications. To address the unavailability issue of negative instances, most existing PU learning approaches require to either identify a reliable set of negative instances from the unlabeled data or estimate probability densities as an intermediate step. However, inaccurate negative-instance identification or poor density estimation may severely degrade overall performance of the final predictive model. To this end, we propose a novel PU learning method based on density ratio estimation without constructing any sets of negative instances or estimating any intermediate densities. To further boost PU learning performance, we extend our proposed learning method in a multi-view manner by utilizing multiple heterogeneous sources. Extensive experimental studies demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed methods, especially when positive labeled data are limited. © 2012 J.T. Zhou, S.J. Pan, Q. Mao & I.W. Tsang.

Zhou, L-G, Chen, H-Y, Merigó, JM & Gil-Lafuente, AM 2012, 'Uncertain generalized aggregation operators', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 1105-1117.
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Zhou, Q, Diao, C, Sun, Y & Zhou, J 2012, 'Tolerance, uptake and removal of nitrobenzene by a newly-found remediation species Mirabilis jalapa L.', Chemosphere, vol. 86, no. 10, pp. 994-1000.
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The growth, photosynthesis rate, and ultrastructure of Mirabilis jalapa L. as a newly-found remediation species under stress of nitrobenzene (NB) and its uptake and removal of NB by the plants were investigated. The results showed that M. jalapa plants could endure contaminated soils by lower than 10.0 mg NB kg-1 because there was no decrease in the total length of the plant roots, the maximum length of the hypocotyle, the length of the first seminal root, the height of the shoots and the dry biomass of the seedlings as well as the photosynthesis rate of the plants compared with those in the control. In particular, the growth of the plants could be significantly (P < 0.01) enhanced by 0.1 mg NB kg-1 under unautoclaved and autoclaved soils. Ultrastructural observations on leaf cells of the plants found that these cells had smooth, clean and continuous cell membranes and cell walls, indicating that there was no obvious damage by NB in comparison with those in the control. Although the absorption of NB in shoots and roots of M. jalapa was weak, plant-promoted biodegradation of NB was considerable and the dominant contribution in the removal of NB from contaminated soils, suggesting the feasibility of M. jalapa applied to phytoremediation of NB contaminated soils

Zhu, H & Lee, JE-Y 2012, 'Reversed Nonlinear Oscillations in Lamé-Mode Single-Crystal-Silicon Microresonators', IEEE Electron Device Letters, vol. 33, no. 10, pp. 1492-1494.
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Zhu, H & Lee, JE-Y 2012, 'System-level circuit simulation of nonlinearity in micromechanical resonators', Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, vol. 186, pp. 15-20.
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Zhu, H, Shan, GC, Shek, CH & Lee, JE-Y 2012, 'Shear dependent nonlinear vibration in a high quality factor single crystal silicon micromechanical resonator', Applied Physics Letters, vol. 101, no. 3.
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The frequency response of a single crystal silicon resonator under nonlinear vibration is investigated and related to the shear property of the material. The shear stress-strain relation of bulk silicon is studied using a first-principles approach. By incorporating the calculated shear property into a device-level model, our simulation closely predicts the frequency response of the device obtained by experiments and further captures the nonlinear features. These results indicate that the observed nonlinearity stems from the material’s mechanical property. Given the high quality factor (Q) of the device reported here (∼2 × 106), this makes it highly susceptible to such mechanical nonlinear effects.

Zhu, J, Lu, J & Nafalki, A 2012, 'COMPUMAG 2011 Chairmen's Foreword', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 171-171.
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Zhu, X & Hao, H 2012, 'Development of an integrated structural health monitoring system for bridge structures in operational conditions', Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 321-333.
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This paper presents an overview of development of an integrated structural health monitoring system. The integrated system includes vibration and guided-wave based structural health monitoring. It integrates the real-time heterogeneous sensor data acquiring system, data analysis and interpretation, physical-based numerical simulation of complex structural system under operational conditions and structural evaluation. The study is mainly focused on developing: integrated sensor technology, integrated structural damage identification with operational loads monitoring, and integrated structural evaluation with results from system identification. Numerical simulation and its implementation in laboratory show that the system is effective and reliable to detect local damage and global conditions of bridge structures. © 2012 Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Zhu, XQ, Hao, H, Uy, B, Xia, Y & Mirza, O 2012, 'Dynamic Assessment of Shear Connection Conditions in Slab-Girder Bridges by Kullback-Leibler Distance', Advances in Structural Engineering, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 771-780.
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Shear connectors are widely used in composite bridges that provide composite action. Their damage will reduce the load-carrying capacity of the structure. In this study, a novel method based on Kullback-Leibler distance (KLD) was developed to assess the integrity of the shear connectors. A bridge model was constructed in the laboratory and some removable anchors were specially designed and fabricated to link the beams and slab that were cast separately. Each anchor consists of a threaded bar that penetrates through the soffit of the beam and ties up into an embedded nut cap to simulate a shear connector in the real bridges. Different damage scenarios were introduced by pulling out some connectors. Vibration tests were carried out in each damage scenario. Various damage detection methods have been applied and results show that the method was able to detect all the assumed damage scenarios successfully and consistently.

Zliobaite, I, Bifet, A, Gaber, M, Gabrys, B, Gama, J, Minku, L & Musial, K 2012, 'Next challenges for adaptive learning systems', ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 48-55.
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Learning from evolving streaming data has become a 'hot' research topic in the last decade and many adaptive learning algorithms have been developed. This research was stimulated by rapidly growing amounts of industrial, transactional, sensor and other business data that arrives in real time and needs to be mined in real time. Under such circumstances, constant manual adjustment of models is in-efficient and with increasing amounts of data is becoming infeasible. Nevertheless, adaptive learning models are still rarely employed in business applications in practice. In the light of rapidly growing structurally rich 'big data', new generation of parallel computing solutions and cloud computing services as well as recent advances in portable computing devices, this article aims to identify the current key research directions to be taken to bring the adaptive learning closer to application needs. We identify six forthcoming challenges in designing and building adaptive learning (pre-diction) systems: making adaptive systems scalable, dealing with realistic data, improving usability and trust, integrat-ing expert knowledge, taking into account various application needs, and moving from adaptive algorithms towards adaptive tools. Those challenges are critical for the evolving stream settings, as the process of model building needs to be fully automated and continuous.

Zoorabadi, M, Indraratna, B & Nemcik, J 2012, 'A new equation for the equivalent hydraulic conductivity of rock mass around a tunnel', International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, vol. 54, pp. 125-128.
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Zuthi, MFR, Ngo, HH & Guo, WS 2012, 'Modelling bioprocesses and membrane fouling in membrane bioreactor (MBR): A review towards finding an integrated model framework', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 122, pp. 119-129.
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The bioprocesses taking place in activated sludge wastewater treatment system itself are characterized by great complexity and yet incomplete understanding of some of the phenomena involved. The MBR technology inherent deficiencies for its simulation due to additional intrinsic complexities resulting from the interaction between concurrently occurring and dynamic biological processes with membrane filtration and the straightforward adoption of the activated sludge modelsâ (ASM) frameworks or their modified variations. In this backdrop, this paper compiles a brief overview of the previous developments to the current state-of-the-art mathematical modelling approaches of the MBR system. With extended discussions on particular topics such as applications of modified ASMs to MBR modelling, ASM extensions incorporating soluble microbial products (SMP)/extracellular polymeric substances EPS) concepts, this paper also provides a guide for different end-users of mathematical models of MBR systems.

A, H, B, I & C, R 1970, 'Use of the Soil Modulus for Compaction Control of Compacted Soils', Proceedings of the International Conference on Ground Improvement & Ground Control, International Conference on Ground Improvement & Ground Control, Research Publishing Services.
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Abbas, AA, Mansor, SB, Pradhan, B & Tan, CK 1970, 'Spatial and seasonal variability of Chlorophyll-a and associated oceanographic events in Sabah water', 2012 Second International Workshop on Earth Observation and Remote Sensing Applications, 2012 Second International Workshop on Earth Observation and Remote Sensing Applications (EORSA), IEEE, pp. 215-219.
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Abdel Rahman, MJ, Rahbari, H & Krunz, M 1970, 'Adaptive frequency hopping algorithms for multicast rendezvous in DSA networks', 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DYSPAN), IEEE, Bellevue, WA, pp. 517-528.
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Abo-Al-Ez, KM, Xia, X & Zhang, J 1970, 'Smart interconnection of a PV/wind DG micro grid with the utility distribution network', Proceedings of the 9th Conference on the Industrial and Commercial Use of Energy, ICUE 2012, 9th Annual International Conference on the Industrial and Commercial Use of Energy (ICUE), CAPE PENINSULA UNIV TECHNOLOGY, Stellenbosch, SOUTH AFRICA, pp. 243-250.
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Future electric grids are becoming smarter by applying intelligent control techniques. Distributed Generation (DG) systems such as Photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy systems are essential parts of the future smart grids. In this paper, a smart interconnection control strategy is proposed for a grid connected PV/fixed speed wind driven micro grid. In case of industrial inductive loads, the generation of active power from the micro grid causes power factor decrease at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) with the main grid. With the additional reactive power needs of the squirrel cage induction generator of the windsystem, the micro grid itself becomes a VAR burden. Proposed smart control strategy of the micro grid is based on the control of the PV coupling Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). The designed controller will ensure dual active/reactive power operation of the VSI. This will provide reactive power compensation, thus improving the power factor at the PCC as seen by the utility grid. Also, the control strategy will make use of the VSI during night time, thus cost effective for the micro grid. The proposed control algorithm is in the form of current controller implemented in synchronous rotating dq-frame. This allows decoupled control of active and reactive current components. Test system and controller operation and verification are implemented using MATLAB/Simulink Simpower System Toolbox. © 2012 Cape Peninsula University.

Adeli, A, Sinaee, M, Zomorodian, J & Neshat, M 1970, 'Harmony-based feature selection to improve the nearest neighbor classification', Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Computational Science, Engineering and Information Technology, CCSEIT '12: The Second International Conference on Computational Science, Engineering, ACM.
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Adistambha, K, Davis, S, Ritz, CH, Stirling, D & Burnett, IS 1970, 'Toward human motion search using fingerprinting', 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Gold Coast, QLD