Publications

Gill, A 2012, The Gill Framework Adaptive Enterprise Architecture Toolkit.
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This book provides the synopsis of The Gill Framework for adaptive enterprise architecture.

Lammers, T 2012, Komplexitätsmanagement für Distributionssysteme Konzeption eines strategischen Ansatzes zur Komplexitätsbewertung und Ableitung von Gestaltungsempfehlungen, BoD – Books on Demand.
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Logistische Netzwerke ziehen sich von der Beschaffung über die Produktion bis hin zur Distribution durch die gesamte Wertschöpfungskette und sind auf nahezu allen Ebenen von Komplexitätsauswirkungen betroffen.

Li, H, Zhou, X, Chen, C, Huang, Y, Bao, L, Bao, T, Bao, W, Cao, W, Chu, M, Cui, C, Deng, Z, Ding, S, Du, X, Feng, P, Feng, P, Ge, Y, Hang, L, Huang, Z, Jin, W, Li, G, Li, Q, Li, Z, Li, Z, Li, L, Li, A, Li, H, Li, S, Li, G, Liu, F, Ling, T, Lu, X, Nie, J, Sun, W, Shao, Y, Shi, Y, Wang, J, Wu, B, Wang, H, Wang, L, Xiao, Y, Xu, S, Xu, J, Xu, S, Xie, T, Yan, Z, Yang, Z, Ye, L, Zhao, T, Zhang, J, Zhou, C, Zhou, X, Sarhan, A, Wang, G, Smith, ST, Sreenivasan, M, Ji, T, Kadhum, AAH, Kaveh, A, Mufti, A, Naaman, AE, Mosallam, A, Topping, BHV, Haung, CH, Chiew, SP, Aquino, C, Hui, D, Ronagh, H, Ge, HB, Harik, IE, Bungey, JH, Chen, JF, Park, J, Kida, K, Manabe, KI, Sung, KG, Moon, KM, Bathe, KJ, Lee, KS, Ho, LH, Feo, L, Bank, LC, Lee, MMK, Stewart, MG, Soutsos, MN, Utaberta, N, Sofronie, R, Sri Ravindra Rajah, R, Ibell, T, Ueda, T, Tan, KH, Hwee, TK, Hsieh, WH, Wu, ZS & Geem, ZW 2012, Preface.

Adeli, A, Ghorbani-Rad, A, Zomorodian, MJ, Neshat, M & Mozaffari, S 2012, 'Improving Nearest Neighbor Classification Using Particle Swarm Optimization with Novel Fitness Function' in Computational Collective Intelligence. Technologies and Applications, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 365-372.
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Alavi, AH, Gandomi, AH & Mollahasani, A 2012, 'A Genetic Programming-Based Approach for the Performance Characteristics Assessment of Stabilized Soil' in Variants of Evolutionary Algorithms for Real-World Applications, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 343-376.
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© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. All rights are reserved. This chapter presents a variant of genetic programming, namely linear genetic programming (LGP), and a hybrid search algorithm coupling LGP and simulated annealing (SA), called LGP/SA, to predict the performance characteristics of stabilized soil. LGP and LGP/SA relate the unconfined compressive strength (UCS), maximum dry density (MDD), and optimum moisture content (OMC) metrics of stabilized soil to the properties of the natural soil as well as the types and quantities of stabilizing additives. Different sets of LGP and LGP/SA-based prediction models have been separately developed. The contributions of the parameters affecting UCS, MDD, and OMC are evaluated through a sensitivity analysis. A subsequent parametric analysis is carried out and the trends of the results are compared with previous studies. A comprehensive set of data obtained from the literature has been used for developing the models. Experimental results confirm that the accuracy of the proposed models is satisfactory. In particular, the LGP-based models are found to be more accurate than the LGP/SA-based models.

Amailef, K & Lu, J 2012, 'Mobile-Based Emergency Response System Using Ontology-Supported Information Extraction' in Lu, J, Jain, LC & Zhang, G (eds), Handbook on Decision Making, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin; New York, pp. 429-449.
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This chapter describes an algorithm within a Mobile-based Emergency Response System (MERS) to automatically extract information from Short Message Service (SMS). The algorithm is based on an ontology concept, and a maximum entropy statistical model. Ontology has been used to improve the performance of an information extraction system. A maximum entropy statistical model with various predefined features offers a clean way to estimate the probability of certain token occurring with a certain SMS text. The algorithm has four main functions: to collect unstructured information from an SMS emergency text message; to conduct information extraction and aggregation; to calculate the similarity of SMS text messages; and to generate query and results presentation. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012.

Apeh, E, Žliobaitė, I, Pechenizkiy, M & Gabrys, B 2012, 'Predicting Multi-class Customer Profiles Based on Transactions: a Case Study in Food Sales' in Research and Development in Intelligent Systems XXIX, Springer London, pp. 213-218.
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Azadeh, A, Jiryaei, Z, Ashjari, B & Saberi, M 2012, 'Advances in Ergonomics in Manufacturing' in Trzcielinski, S & Karwowski, W (eds), Advances in Ergonomics in Manufacturing, CRC Press, pp. 100-109.
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© 2013 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. This study proposes a flexible intelligent algorithm for assessment and optimization of demographic features on integrated health, safety, environment and ergonomics (HSEE)-ISO systems among operators of a gas transmission refinery. To achieve the objectives of this study, standard questionnaires with respect to HSEE and ISO standards are completed by 80 operators. Demographic features include age, education, gender, weight, stature, marital status, and work type. The average results for each category of HSEE are used as inputs and effectiveness of ISO systems (ISO 18000, ISO 14000 and ISO 9000) are used as output for the intelligent algorithm. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) in addition to conventional regression are used in this paper. Result shows the applicability and superiority of the flexible intelligent algorithm over conventional methods through mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). Computational results show that the proposed ANN performs better than ANFIS and conventional regressions based on its relative error. Finally, the optimum mix of demographic variables from viewpoint of HSEE and ISO are identified. This is the first study that proposes a flexible intelligent algorithm for assessment of optimum mix of demographic features for HSEE and ISO systems in a complex system such as a gas transmission refinery.

Bardet, N 2012, 'Introduction' in Segal, G & Goodman, DSG (eds), Towards Recovery in Pacific Asia, EDP Sciences, London UK, pp. 3-4.
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Bharathy, GK & Silverman, B 2012, 'Applications of Social Systems Modeling to Political Risk Management' in Handbook on Decision Making, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 331-371.
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Risk is inexplicably linked to complex inter-related structural and behavioral factors. Of these, human factors tend to be overarching and predominant. Any model that would assist with exploring the inter-relationships among structural and human factors would be immensely valuable to risk management. A social system model constructed with a valid set of software agent framework and complete with factions, institutions and other organizational descriptors, all based on best-of-breed social science theories, can act as the desired testbed to evaluate effects that may arise from alternative courses of action. Through our past case studies, we describe in this article, how social systems modeling and associated intelligent system tools could be applied to assess and manage political risk (and by extension other social systems based risks). We also enumerate the challenges of such a testbed and describes best-of-breed theories drawn from across the social sciences and synthesized and implemented in an agent-based framework. These predictions are examined in a real world cases (Bangladesh) where the agent models are subjected to a validity check and the political risks are estimated. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012.

Bharathy, GK, Yilmaz, L & Tolk, A 2012, 'Agent Directed Simulation for Combat Modeling and Distributed Simulation' in Engineering Principles of Combat Modeling and Distributed Simulation, Wiley, pp. 669-713.
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Bolch, T, Peters, J, Yegorov, A, Pradhan, B, Buchroithner, M & Blagoveshchensky, V 2012, 'Identification of Potentially Dangerous Glacial Lakes in the Northern Tian Shan' in Terrigenous Mass Movements, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 369-398.
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Chaczko, Z & Resconi, G 2012, 'Application of Morphotronic Theory to Parallel Robots' in Moreno D az, R, Pichler, F & Quesada Arencibia, A (eds), Computer Aided Systems Theory – EUROCAST 2011, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, pp. 153-160.
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The main aim of this paper is to demonstrate the connection between parallel robotics and electronic circuits using the Morphotronic geometry. Parallel robotic system can be represented by a non Euclidean geometry which metric is the kinetic energy and the metric tensor is the mass metrics in the configuration space of the join angles. We can also remark that for electrical circuit we can have a similar non Euclidean geometry in the space of the currents or voltages. In this way we establish a morphological connection between the mechanical and electrical devises that we denote as Morphotronic. We present examples for the geometry in the kinetic space and example in the natural biological membrane represented by electrical circuits.

Chen, W, Su, SW, Zhang, Y, Guo, Y, Nguyen, N, Celler, BG & Nguyen, HT 2012, 'Nonlinear Modeling Using Support Vector Machine for Heart Rate Response to Exercise' in Lam, HK, Ling, SH & Nguyen, HT (eds), Computational Intelligence and Its Applications, IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS, USA, pp. 255-270.
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In order to accurately regulate cardiovascular response to exercise for an individual exerciser, this study proposed a control oriented modeling approach to depict nonlinear behavior of heart rate response at both the onset and offset of treadmill exercise. With the aim of capturing nonlinear dynamic behaviors, a well designed exercise protocol has been applied for a healthy male subject. Non-invasively measured variables, such as ECG,, body movements and oxygen saturation (SpO2), have been reliably monitored and recorded. Based on several sets of experimental data, both steady state gain and time constant of heart rate response are identified. The nonlinear models relating to steady state gain and time constant (vs. walking speed) were built up based on support vector machine regression (SVR). The nonlinear behaviors at both onset and offset of exercise have been well described by using the established SVR models. The model provides the fundamentals for the optimization of exercise efforts by using model-based optimal control approaches, which is the following step of this study.

Dehestani, D, Guo, Y, Ling, SH, Su, SW & Nguyen, HT 2012, 'Intelligent Fault Detection and Isolation of HVAC System Based on Online Support Vector Machine' in Lam, HK, Ling, SW & Nguyen, H (eds), Computational Intelligence and Its Applications, IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS, USA, pp. 287-304.
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Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems are often one of the largest energy consuming parts in modern buildings. Two focused issues of HVAC systems are energy saving and its safety. Regular checking and maintenance are usually the keys to tackle these problems. Due to the high cost of maintenance, preventive maintenance plays an important role. One cost-effective strategy is the development of analytic fault detection and isolation (FDI) modules by online monitoring of the key variables of HVAC systems. This chapter investigates real-time FDI for HVAC systems by using online support vector machine (SVM), by which we are able to train an FDI system with manageable complexity under real-time working conditions. It also proposes a new approach which allows us to detect unknown faults and update the classifier by using these previously unknown faults. Based on the proposed approach, a semi-unsupervised fault detection methodology has been developed for HVAC systems. This chapter also identifies the variables which are the indications of the particular faults we are interested in. Simulation studies are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed online FDI approach.

Dieu Tien Bui, Oystein.B Dick 2012, 'Landslide susceptibility assessment at Hoa Binh province of Vietnam using frequency ratio model. Advances in Biomedical Engineering' in Advances in Biomedical Engineering, APEST 2012, pp. 476-484.

Evans, R, Li, L, Mareels, I, Okello, N, Pham, M, Qiu, W & Saleem, SK 2012, 'Real-Time Optimal Control of River Basin Networks' in Wang, L & Garnier, H (eds), System Identification, Environmental Modelling, and Control System Design, Springer London, London, pp. 403-421.
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River basins are key components of water supply grids. However, unlike energy grids which are operated in closed-loop [16, 28], river basins are largely open-loop systems. One reason is the difficulty associated with the development of suitable models. Traditionally, river basin modeling efforts have focused on process-based methodologies that are potentially very accurate but not amenable to the design of feedback controllers. For control purposes river basin operators often rely on simulation-optimization and/or rule-based approaches. This method may work well for long-term planning intervals (e.g. months) but is impractical for real-term operations (e.g. hours).

Guertler, MR, Kortler, S, Helms, B, Berkovich, M, Leimeister, J, Krcmar, H, Shea, K, Lindemann, U & Maurer, M 2012, 'Von Anforderungslisten zum konzeptionellen Design' in Thomas, O & Nüttgens, M (eds), Dienstleistungsmodellierung 2012 Product-Service Systems und Produktivität, Springer-Verlag, pp. 96-113.
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Die Herausgeber Univ.-Prof. Dr. Oliver Thomas ist Inhaber des Lehrstuhls für Informationsmanagement und Wirtschaftsinformatik sowie Mitglied des Fachbereichs Wirtschaftswissenschaften an der Universität Osnabrück.

Guo, W & Ngo, H-H 2012, 'Membrane Processes for Wastewater Treatment' in Zhang, TC, Surampalli, RY, Vigneswaran, S, Tyagi, RD, Ong, SL & Kao, CM (eds), Membrane Technology and Environmental Applications, American Society of Civil Engineers, USA, pp. 169-216.
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Nowadays, continued population growth and economic development have contributed to increasing demand on water supplies, while multipurpose water use has let to deteriorating water quality by introducing chemical or biological contaminants to receiving waters. Although governments and water authorities have proclaimed more stringent discharge regulations together with increased wastewater disposal costs to protect human and environmental health, wastewater treatment has become ever more crucial and indispensable in order to preserve the diminishing water resources and minimize adverse impacts on our ecosystem. Over the last century various methods and technologies have been developed and applied to remove solids, organic pollutants and nutrients from wastewater. Wastewater treatment involves the combination of various physical, chemical and biological processes and operations (Table 6.1). In general, conventional wastewater treatment processes can successfully remove the majority of degradable organics and suspended solids found in wastewaters. However, to further provide a sufficient level of treatment to wastewater streams and to remove specific contaminants, membrane seperation technology has been emerged as an alternative and innovative treatment technology and plays an important role in global water market. This chapter gives an extensive and up-to-date review of membrane separation technologies (e.g.,microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UP), nanofiltration (NP) and reverse osmosis (RO) in wastewater treatment with specific attention to various membranes, treatment processes and configurations, and their practical applications.

Guo, W, Ngo, H-H & Vigneswaran, S 2012, 'Enhancement of Membrane Processes with Attached Growth Media' in Zhang, TC, Surampalli, RY, Vigneswaran, S, Tyagi, RD, Ong, SL & Kao, CM (eds), Membrane Technology and Environmental Applications, American Society of Civil Engineers, USA, pp. 603-634.
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The consumption of limited waste resources together with the need to comply with ever more stringent water quality standards, and the need to reuse water are the main impetus for the intensification of existing conventional water treatment processes. Moreover, current and impending legislation on wastewater treatment effluent has also led to the need for improved treatment processes capable of removing higher percentages of nutrients, suspended solids, bacteria, etc. (Kramne et al., 2005). During the last decades, the interest in the use of membrane technology has emerged in wastewater treatment as well as drinking water and process water production. This growth can be explained by a combination of (a) growing demand for water with high quality, (b) growing pressure to reuse wastewater, (b) better realibility and integrity of the membranes, (d) lower prices of membranes due to enhanced use, and (e) more stringent standards, e.g., in the drinking water industry (van de Bruggen et al., 2008). Therefore, membrane techniques (e.g., microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (DF), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO)) in general and mebrance bioreactors (MBRs) in particular have been widely applied to wastewater reclamation and reuse for simultaneous organic and nutrient removal. Normally, there are two ways to begin water reuse: either retrofitting the current wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) facilities or constructing extra advanced processes after secondary treatment. Biological nutrients removal (BNR) processes modifying the current conventional WWTP is a typical example of retrofitting, while membrane filtration, carbon adsorption and ozonation are typically used for extra-installation the advanced treatment of secondary effluent (Baek and Chang, 2009). Especially, as eutrophication of the aquatic environment caused by nitrogen and phosphorus present in discharged effluent has become an unavoidable concern, the development of cost-effective and efficient BN...

Guo, W, Ngo, H-H & Vigneswaran, S 2012, 'Fouling Control of Membranes with Pretreatment' in Zhang, TC, Surampalli, RY, Vigneswaran, S, Tyagi, RD, Ong, SL & Kao, CM (eds), Membrane Technology and Environmental Applications, American Society of Civil Engineers, USA, pp. 533-580.
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The impediment of the membrane technology is a fouling problem and consequently higher operating and membrane relacement cost. Pretreatment is very important for developing the best treatment process train to secure better membrane treatability and producing acceptable effluent qualities. This chapter addresses the state of the art pretreatment techniques and their application to low pressure (MF/UF) and high pressure (NF/RO) memrances in water and wastewater treatment as well as desalination. The impact of different pretreatment processes on membrane performance and membrane fouling control have been extensively reviewed.

Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR & Mahmud, MA 2012, 'Decentralized STATCOM/ESS Control for Wind Generators' in Smart Power Grids 2011, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 401-437.
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Wind energy has emerged as the fastest growing source of renewable energy and is expected to see continued strong growth in the immediate future. Wind power generation is required to provide a certain reliability of supply and a certain level of stability. Motivated by the above issues, many grid operators have started to introduce new grid-codes which treat wind power generation in a special manner. Most interconnection standards today require wind farms to have the ability to withstand severe faults, usually called the fault ride-through (FRT) capability or, in some cases, the low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability. The design and implementation of a new control scheme for reactive power compensation, voltage regulation and transient stability enhancement for wind turbines equipped with fixed-speed induction generators in large interconnected power systems is presented in this chapter. The low-voltage-ride-through (LVRT) capability is provided by extending range of the operation of the controlled system to include typical post-fault conditions. A systematic procedure is proposed to design decentralized multi-variable controllers for large interconnected power systems using minimax output-feedback control design method and the controller design procedure is formulated as an optimization problem involving rankconstrained linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). In this chapter it is shown that STATCOM with energy storage system (STATCOM/ESS), controlled via robust control technique, is an effective device for improving the LVRT capability of fixed-speed wind turbines. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012.

Hussain, O, Sangka, KB & Hussain, FK 2012, 'Determining the Significance of Assessment Criteria for Risk Analysis in Business Associations' in Lu, J, Jain, LC & Zhang, G (eds), Handbook on Decision Making, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 403-416.
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Risk assessment in business associations is the process which determines the likelihood of negative outcomes according to a given set of desired criteria. When there is more than one desired criterion to be achieved in a business association, the process of risk assessment needs to be done by capturing the importance that each of the criteria will have on the successful completion of the business activity. In this paper, we present an approach that determines the significance of each criterion with respect to the goal of the business association and by considering the inter-dependencies that may exist between the different assessment criteria. This analysis will provide important insights during the process of risk management, where the occurrence of such negative outcomes can be managed, according to their significance, to ensure the successful completion of a business activity. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012.

Jaboyedoff, M, Choffet, M, Derron, MH, Horton, P, Loye, A, Longchamp, C, Mazotti, B, Michoud, C & Pedrazzini, A 2012, 'Preliminary slope mass movement susceptibility mapping using DEM and LiDAR DEM' in Terrigenous mass movements, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 109-170.

Kale, A, Chaczko, Z & Rudas, I 2012, 'Parallel Robot Vision Using Genetic Algorithm and Object Centroid' in Moreno Diaz, R, Pichler, F & Quesada Arencibia, A (eds), Computer Aided Systems Theory – EUROCAST 2011, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, pp. 170-178.
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Parallel Robots are playing a very important role in the medical, automotive, food and many manufacturing applications. Due to its high speed and efficient operation, it is gaining an increasing popularity in these application domains. For making the parallel robots more automated and an intelligent a machine vision system with robust performance is needed. Here, a Machine Vision Algorithm based on Genetic Evolutionary principles for object detection in the Delta Parallel Robot based systems is proposed. The solution applies a simple, robust and high speed algorithm to accurately detect objects for the application domain. The Image Acquisition of a robotâs workspace is performed by using a camera mounted on the end-effector of the robot. The system is trained with the object database and with the most significant visual features of every class of objects. Images are assessed periodically for detecting the Region of Interest (ROI) within an image of the robotâs workspace. The ROI is defined as an area in which a presence of object features is detected. The ROI detection is achieved by applying a random sampling of pixels and an assessment of color threshold of every pixel. The color intensity is assumed as one of the features for classification that is based on the training data. After classification process, the Genetic Algorithm is applied to locate the centroid of an object in every class. In a given application class, the Centroid is considered as the most important feature. Knowledge of an approximate location of the Centroid of objects helps to maintain a high speed and reliable pick and place operations of the Delta robot system. The proposed algorithm is tested by detecting presence of electronic components in the workspace. Experimental results show that the suggested approach offers a reliable solution for the Delta robot system.

Keivan Kabiri, Saeid.Pirasteh 2012, 'Manifestation of Remotely Sensed Data Coupled With Field Measured Meteorological Data for an Assessment of Degradation of Urmia Lake, Iran' in Advances in Biomedical Engineering, APEST 2012, pp. 395-401.

Kersten, W, Lammers, T & Skirde, H 2012, 'Complexity Management in Distribution Systems – Development of a Structured Framework for Driver-Based Complexity Analysis' in Blecker, T, Kersten, W & Ringle, C (eds), Pioneering Supply Chain Design A Comprehensive Insight Into Emerging Trends, Technologies and Applications, Eul, Lohmar, pp. 383-404.

Khalilpour, R & Karimi, IA 2012, 'Contract selection under uncertainty' in Karimi, IA & Srinivasan, R (eds), Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, Elsevier, pp. 1487-1491.
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Lam, HK, Ling, SH & Nguyen, HT 2012, 'FRONT MATTER', IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS, pp. i-x.
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Le, M, Gabrys, B & Nauck, D 2012, 'A Hybrid Model for Business Process Event Prediction' in Research and Development in Intelligent Systems XXIX, Springer London, pp. 179-192.
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Li, Z, Khalilpour, R & Abbas, A 2012, 'Efficient configuration/design of solvent-based post-combustion carbon capture' in Karimi, IA & Srinivasan, R (eds), Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, Elsevier, pp. 815-819.
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Ling, SH, San, PP & Nguyen, HT 2012, 'Hypoglycemia Detection for Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus: Evolved Fuzzy Inference System Approach' in Lam, HK, Ling, SH & Nguyen, HT (eds), Computational Intelligence and Its Applications, IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS, USA, pp. 61-85.
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Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is classified as Type 1 diabetes and it can be further classified as immune-mediated or idiopathic. Hypoglycemia is a common and serious side effect of insulin therapy in patients with Type 1 diabetes. In this chapter, we measure physiological parameters continuously to provide a non-invasive hypoglycemia detection for Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. Based on the physiological parameters of the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, such as heart rate, corrected QT interval, change of heart rate and change of corrected QT interval, an evolved fuzzy inference model is developed for classification of hypoglycemia. To optimize the rules and membership functions of the fuzzy system, a hybrid particle swarm optimization with wavelet mutation (HPSOWM) is introduced. For the clinical study, 15 children with Type 1 diabetes are volunteered overnight. All the real data sets are collected from the Department of Health, Government of Western Australia and are randomly organized into a training set (10 patients) and testing set (5 patients). The results show that the evolved fuzzy inference system approach performs well in terms of sensitivity and specificity.

Link, S & Prade, H 2012, 'Preface.', pp. 79-81.
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Lowe, D, Machet, T, Kostulski, T, Zubía, JG & Alves, GR 2012, 'Uts remote labs, labshare, and the sahara architecture', Universidad de Deusto, pp. 403-403.

Lu, J, Jain, L & Zhang, G 2012, 'Preface' in Handbook on Decision MakingVol 2: Risk Management in Decision Making.

Lu, J, Jain, LC & Zhang, G 2012, 'Risk Management in Decision Making' in Lu, J, jain, LC & Zhang, G (eds), Handbook on Decision Making, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin; New York, pp. 3-7.
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Organizational decision making often occurs in the face of uncertainty about whether a decision makers choices will lead to benefit or disaster. Risk is the potential that a decision will lead to a loss or an undesirable outcome. In fact, almost any human decision carries some risk, but some decisions are much more risky than others. Risk and decision making are two inter-related factors in organizational management, and they are both related to various uncertainties.

Mahmud, MA, Hossain, MJ & Pota, HR 2012, 'Worst Case Voltage Variation on Microgrid' in Smart Power Grids 2011, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 305-318.
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Integration of different types of distributed energy resources (DERs) in distribution network has significant effects on voltage profile for both customers and distribution network service providers (DNSPs). This impact may manifest itself positively or negatively, depending on the voltage variation and the amount of DERs that can be connected to the distribution networks. This chapter presents a way to estimate the voltage variation and the amount of the DERs in a microgrid. To do this, a voltage rise formula is derived with some approximation and the validation of this formula is checked by comparing with the existing power {pipe}systems simulation software. Using the voltage variation formula, the worst case scenario of microgrid is used to estimate the amount of voltage variation and maximum permissible DERs. The relationship between voltage level, voltage rise, and connection cost of DERs in a microgrid is also described in this chapter. Finally, based on the worst case scenario of microgrid; some recommendations are given to counteract the voltage rise effect. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012.

Mann, U, Pradhan, B, Prechtel, N & Buchroithner, MF 2012, 'An Automated Approach for Detection of Shallow Landslides from LiDAR Derived DEM Using Geomorphological Indicators in a Tropical Forest' in Terrigenous Mass Movements, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 1-22.
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Meujo, DAF & Hamann, MT 2012, 'Science, Policy, and Risk Management: Case of Seafood Safety' in Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, Springer New York, pp. 9079-9109.
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Meyer, L & Poiger, U 2012, 'preface', pp. 287-292.

Ngo, H-H, Guo, W & Vigneswaran, S 2012, 'Membrane Processes for Water Reclamation and Reuse' in Zhang, TC, Surampalli, RY, Vigneswaran, S, Tyagi, RD, Ong, SL & Kao, CM (eds), Membrane Technology and Environmental Applications, American Society of Civil Engineers, USA, pp. 239-275.
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Water reclamation and reuse is being increasingly emphasized as a strategy for rational use of limited freshwater and as a means of safeguarding the deteriorating aquatic environment due to wastewater disposal. Membrane technology is playing a vital role in augment our water supplies and is essential for sustainable production of clean water. This chapter gives a comprehensive review of technological development train of wastewater treatment, as well as the detailed perfonnance of advanced membrance processes in municipal wastewater reclamation and reuse. The technological and economic feasibility of different membrane-based technologies compared to conventional treatment processes is also elucidated in this chapter.

Ni, B & Yu, H 2012, 'Aerobic Granular Sludge Technology for Wastewater Treatment' in Biological Sludge Minimization and Biomaterials/Bioenergy Recovery Technologies, Wiley, pp. 429-463.
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Peng, B, Gui, L & Liu, B 2012, 'Training Sample Acquisition Strategy Based Digital Pre-distortion' in Zhang, WJ, Yang, XK, Xu, ZX, An, P, Liu, QZ & Lu, Y (eds), Communications in Computer and Information Science, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 307-316.
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Pourghasemi, HR, Pradhan, B, Gokceoglu, C & Deylami Moezzi, K 2012, 'Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using a Spatial Multi Criteria Evaluation Model at Haraz Watershed, Iran' in Terrigenous Mass Movements, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 23-49.
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Purba, JH, Lu, J & Zhang, G 2012, 'Fuzzy Failure Rate for Nuclear Power Plant Probabilistic Safety Assessment by Fault Tree Analysis' in Atlantis Computational Intelligence Systems, Atlantis Press, pp. 131-154.
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Shon, H 2012, 'Removal of lower-molecular-weight substances from water and wastewater : challenges and solutions' in Wastewater Treatment Advanced Processes and Technologies, CRC Press.
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These features combine to make the book an authoritative resource and practical tool for resolving wastewater treatment issues.

Shon, HK, Phuntsho, S, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J, Aryal, R & Jegatheesan, V 2012, 'Physical, Chemical, and Biological Characterization of Membrane Fouling' in Zhang, TC, Surampalli, RY, Vigneswaran, S, Tyagi, RD, Ong, SL & Kao, CM (eds), Membrane Technology and Environmental Applications, American Society of Civil Engineers, USA, pp. 457-503.
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In this chapter, advanced characterization of membrane fouling as a diagnostic tool has been summarized to prevent membrane fouling. Physical, chemical and biological analyses as membrane autopsies are mainly utilized to better understand membrane foulant. The physical characteri zation gives structure, roughness, charge effect, strength and hydrophobicity of membrane fouling. The chemical methods provide qualitative and quantitative measurements of different inorganic and organic matter. The biological properties present the spatial biofilm distribution, structure of dominant microorgnisms and isolation and identification of microorganisms. In addition, detailed membrane foulant types are reviewed in terms of structure, roughness, hydrophobicity, charge effect, strength, calcium, magnesium, alluminum, iron, silicate, particle, functional group, biopolymer, humic acid, polysaccharide, structural composition, biofilm structure, microorganism and foulant interaction.

Šimon, P & Thomas, PS 2012, 'Application of Isoconversional Methods for the Processes Occurring in Glassy and Amorphous Materials' in Hot Topics in Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Springer Netherlands, pp. 225-246.
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Singh, G, Johir, MAH, Kandasamy, J, Vigneswaran, S, Kus, B & Naidu, R 2012, 'Stormwater Harvesting and Reuse' in Meyers, RA (ed), Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, Springer New York, Germany, pp. 10095-10117.
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Rapid urbanization has contributed to considerable increases in urban stromwater runoff and pollution, a deterioration of the water quality of urban waterways , and significant threats to its ecosystem. Stormwater runoff is the most neglected resource and, given that it contributes significantly to diffuse pollution of our waterways, it needs to be managed in more sustainable way to capture its benefits and at the same time to reduce the adverse impacts on waterways and receiving waters. A cultural change is occurring in urban stormwater management practice. Environmental aspects are becoming a major focus, with potentially profound effects on the traditional approach to stormwater management. An integrated approach to stormwater treatment and management and stormwater harvesting regards stormwater as a resource rather than a waste and considers all aspects of runoff within a development, including implementation of water quality/quantity controls, maximizing water reuse/conservation whilst preserving the amenity and environmental values within the catchment. Stormwater harvesting and reuse offers a potential alternative water supply for at least non-potable uses. The benefits of a successful stormwater harvesting systems include reductions in stormwater pollution loads to downstream waterways and estuaries, and in stormwater volumes and discharges. Methods of assessment to check the extent to which stormwater treatment systems are meeting their design objectives and compliance to water quality standards is important.

Sixsmith, AJ & Dovey, KA 2012, 'Leadership in projects and its impact on business strategy; An Australian Case' in Linger, H & Owen, J (eds), The Project as a Social System. Asia-Pacific Perspectives on Project Management, Monash University Publishing, Clayton Victoria 3800, pp. 168-180.

Tiemann, I, Sick, N & Leker, J 2012, 'Supplier involvement in customer new product development: new insights from the supplier’s perspective' in Perspectives on Supplier Innovation Theories, Concepts and Empirical Insights on Open Innovation and the Integration of Suppliers, World Scientific.
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Theories, Concepts and Empirical Insights on Open Innovation and the Integration of Suppliers Alexander Brem, Joe Tidd. John, S. ... Supplier involvement in customer new product development: New insights from the supplier's perspective, ...

Tran, T, Tuan, HD, Ha, QP & Nguyen, HT 2012, 'Decentralised model predictive control of time-varying splitting parallel systems' in Mohammadpour, J & Scherer, CW (eds), Control of Linear Parameter Varying Systems with Applications, Springer, Boston, pp. 217-251.
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This chapter is devoted to the development of a decentralised model predictive control (MPC) strategy for splitting parallel systems that have time-varying and unknown splitting ratios. The large-scale system in consideration consists of several dynamically-coupled modular subsystems. Each subsystem is regulated by a dedicated multivariable controller employing the open-loop MPC algorithms in conjunction with stability constraints. The connection topology of the large-scale systems includes serial, parallel and recirculated configurations. The solution to splitting parallel systems in this chapter is not only an alternative to the hybrid approach for duty-standby modes, but also a novel approach that accommodates the concurrent operations of splitting parallel systems. The effectiveness of this approach rests on the newly introduced asymptotically positive real constraint (APRC) which prescribes an approaching characteristic towards a positive real property of the system under control. The asymptotic attribute of APRC smooths out all significant wind-up actions in the control trajectories. The APRCs are developed into a one-time-step quadratic constraint on the local control vectors, which plays the role of a stability constraint for the decentralised MPC. The recursive feasibility is assured by characterizing the APRC with dynamic multiplier matrices. Numerical simulations for two typical modular systems in an alumina refinery are provided to illustrate the theoretical results.

Tran, T, Tuan, HD, Ha, QP & Nguyen, HT 2012, 'Decentralised Model Predictive Control of Time-Varying Splitting Parallel Systems' in Control of Linear Parameter Varying Systems with Applications, Springer US, pp. 217-251.
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Upcroft, B, Makarenko, A, Brooks, A, Moser, M, Alempijevic, A, Donikian, A, Sprinkle, J, Uther, W & Fitch, R 2012, 'Empirical Evaluation of an Autonomous Vehicle in an Urban Environment' in Experience from the DARPA Urban Challenge, Springer London, pp. 273-301.
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Upcroft, B, Makarenko, A, Brooks, A, Moser, M, Alempijevic, A, Donikian, A, Sprinkle, J, Uther, W & Fitch, R 2012, 'Empirical Evaluation Of An Autonomous Vehicle In An Urban Environment' in Experience From The Darpa Urban Challenge, Springer-Verlag Berlin, Berlin, pp. 273-301.
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Operation in urban environments creates unique challenges for research in autonomous ground vehicles. Due to the presence of tall trees and buildings in close proximity to traversable areas, GPS outage is likely to be frequent and physical hazards pose r

Vigneswaran, S, Khorshed, C, Kandasamy, J & Kim, SH 2012, 'Membrane Processes for Desalination: Importance of Pre-Treatment to Reduce Organic Fouling' in Membrane Technology and Environmental Applications, American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 276-297.
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Vigneswaran, S, Nguyen, TV, Kandasamy, J, Aim, RB & Visvanathan, C 2012, 'Membrane Processes for Drinking Water Treatment' in Membrane Technology and Environmental Applications, American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 140-168.
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This volume provides in-depth technical information on the fundamentals, applications, and recent advances of membrane technology, including state-of-the-art reviews of current research, critical analysis of new processes and materials, and ...

Vigneswaran, S, Sathananthan, S, Shon, HK, Kandasamy, J & Visvanathan, C 2012, 'Delineation of Membrane Processes' in Membrane Technology and Environmental Applications, American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 41-74.
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Wei, DB & Jiang, ZY 2012, 'Tribology in Hot Rolling of Steel Strip' in Davim, JP (ed), Materials Forming, Machining and Tribology, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, pp. 121-149.
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Contact friction is of crucial importance for accurate simulation, optimum design and control of industrial rolling processes. It affects the shape, profile, dimensional accuracy and surface quality of hot rolled strips. This chapter focuses on the tribology of hot strip rolling of plain carbon steel and stainless steel, which is significantly affected by oxide scales. The fundamental of oxidation of pure iron, plain carbon steel and stainless steel, and the formation of oxide scales in hot rolling process have been discussed. The morphology of the oxide scales and their deformation behaviours that depend on oxide scale thickness, constitution and the rolling parameters have been disclosed. Surface roughness of oxide scales and the tribological effect of oxide scales in hot strip rolling have been studied. A multi oxide scale layers simulation has been established to study the deformation and fracture of oxide scales taking into account the effect of surface roughness.

Yu, S, James, S, Tian, Y & Dou, W 2012, 'Reliable Aggregation on Network Traffic for Web Based Knowledge Discovery' in Reliable Knowledge Discovery, Springer US, pp. 149-159.
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Yu, S, James, S, Tian, Y & Dou, W 2012, 'Reliable Knowledge Discovery' in Dai, H, Liu, JNK & Smirnov, E (eds), Reliable Knowledge Discovery, Springer US, pp. 149-159.
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© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012. All rights reserved. The web is a rich resource for information discovery, as a result web mining is a hot topic. However, a reliable mining result depends on the reliability of the data set. For every single second, the web generate huge amount of data, such as web page requests, file transportation. The data reflect human behavior in the cyber space and therefore valuable for our analysis in various disciplines, e.g. social science, network security. How to deposit the data is a challenge. An usual strategy is to save the abstract of the data, such as using aggregation functions to preserve the features of the original data with much smaller space. A key problem, however is that such information can be distorted by the presence of illegitimate traffic, e.g. botnet recruitment scanning, DDoS attack traffic, etc. An important consideration in web related knowledge discovery then is the robustness of the aggregation method, which in turn may be affected by the reliability of network traffic data. In this chapter, we first present the methods of aggregation functions, and then we employe information distances to filter out anomaly data as a preparation for web data mining.

Zeng, C, Jia, W, He, X & Xu, M 2012, 'Recent advances on graph-based image segmentation techniques' in Bai, X, Cheng, J & Hancock, E (eds), Graph-Based Methods in Computer Vision: Developments and Applications, IGI Global, Hershey, Pennsylvania (USA), pp. 140-154.
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Image segmentation techniques using graph theory has become a thriving research area in computer vision community in recent years. This chapter mainly focuses on the most up-to-date research achievements in graph-based image segmentation published in top journals and conferences in computer vision community. The representative graph-based image segmentation methods included in this chapter are classified into six categories: minimum-cut/maximum-flow model (called graph-cut in some literatures), random walk model, minimum spanning tree model, normalized cut model and isoperimetric graph partitioning. The basic rationales of these models are presented, and the image segmentation methods based on these graph-based models are discussed as the main concern of this chapter. Several performance evaluation methods for image segmentation are given. Some public databases for testing image segmentation algorithms are introduced and the future work on graph-based image segmentation is discussed at the end of this chapter. © 2013, IGI Global.

Zhang, TC, Surampalli, RY & Vigneswaran, S 2012, 'The Values of Membrane Science and Technology: Introduction and Overview' in Membrane Technology and Environmental Applications, American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 1-40.
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Zhou, A & Sheng, D 2012, 'Modelling Volume Change Behaviour for Unsaturated Soils in the Stress–Saturation Space' in Unsaturated Soils: Research and Applications, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 111-118.
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Zhou, H, Liu, B, Gui, L, Ding, Y, Wu, J & Wang, L 2012, 'A Novel Dynamic Spectrum Management and Sharing Approach for the Secondary Networks' in Zhang, WJ, Yang, XK, Xu, ZX, An, P, Liu, QZ & Lu, Y (eds), Communications in Computer and Information Science, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 333-340.
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Zhou, JL 2012, 'Sampling of Humic and Colloidal Phases in Liquid Samples' in Janusz Pawliszyn (ed), Comprehensive Sampling and Sample Preparation, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 335-348.
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Humic and colloidal phases represent a key fraction of natural dissolved organic matter, which have been difficult to separate and characterize. This chapter examines the current methods for separating humic substances and aquatic colloids from liquid samples, a key step in understanding the environmental significance of such material. Separation methods examined include dialysis, centrifugation, ion exchange, gel filtration, ultrafiltration, cross-flow ultrafiltration, and field-flow fractionation. Each method is critically appraised in terms of advantages, disadvantages, and future direction. In addition, methods of characterizing humic and colloidal samples are evaluated, including spectroscopic techniques, imaging techniques, scattering techniques and others such as analytical pyrolysis and stable isotope analysis. A recommendation is made on the most promising method for separating humic and colloidal material from environmental water samples. © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

-, YY, -, YW, -, RF & -, JW 2012, 'Optimal Data Propagation Approach Based on Probabilistic Model for Pipeline Sensor Networks', Journal of Convergence Information Technology, vol. 7, no. 9, pp. 321-329.
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Wireless sensor networks have been applied to monitor the security of the pipeline for several years. In this type of network, network lifetime is one of the main considering issues during the process of pipeline monitoring. This paper carries out the researches on how to improve the network lifetime from the standpoint of data transmission, and puts forward a probabilistic model for optimal data propagation used in pipeline monitoring sensor networks. To obtain the optimal solution and improve calculation accuracy, artificial fish school algorithm is introduced to calculate the probabilistic values of the model. Numerical and simulation results verify the effectiveness of new method. Compared with two conventional data transmission approaches, our algorithm can perfectly enhance the network lifetime and balance the network load, meeting the applicable requirement of pipeline monitoring.

Abbas, A, Qadir, A, Khalilpour, R & Chiesa, M 2012, 'Integration of solar energy with post-combustion carbon capture', Qatar Foundation Annual Research Forum Volume 2012 Issue 1, no. 2012, pp. AESNP22-AESNP22.
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Background:A techno-economic analysis has been performed for a coal-fired power plant retrofitted with solvent-based post-combustion carbon capture (PCC) technology where thermal energy is partially supplied by solar thermal collectors. The plant is compared with a generic PCC plant where all the thermal energy is provided by steam bled from the steam cycle. A suite of solar thermal collectors which include flat plate collectors, compound parabolic collectors, linear Fresnel collectors, evacuated tube collectors (ETCs) and parabolic trough collectors (PTCs) have each been tested for their viability. The plant has been simulated for several different locations in Australia: Sydney, Townsville and Melbourne. Objectives:This study investigates the integration of solar thermal energy in the energy mix of a power plant by using it to partially compensate for the debilitating energy penalty burdened by the introduction of the carbon capture process.Methods:The overall system consists of three subsystems: power plant, PCC plant and solar collector field. A base case scenario is studied in which there is no heat integration between the three subsystems and is compared to a system with heat integration. Additionally, incentives such as renewable energy certificates (RECs), carbon tax/credits and government subsidies have been considered in the economic model and a sensitivity analysis has been performed for each scenario of incentives for all five solar collector technologies at the three locations. Results:The ETC is found to be the best performer amongst solar collectors when the three subsystems have good heat integration while the PTC is the best performer in the case of no heat integration. The best location for the solar-assisted PCC (SPCC) plant is found to be Sydney. Conclusions:The SPCC plant is only economically viable in Sydney and Townsville once incentives such as RECs, carbon tax and subsidies are taken into account. By the use...

Abdul, JM, Colville, A, Lim, R, Vigneswaran, S & Kandasamy, J 2012, 'Use of duckweed (Lemna disperma) to assess the phytotoxicity of the products of Fenton oxidation of metsulfuron methyl', Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, vol. 83, pp. 89-95.
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Because of pressure on water supplies world-wide, there is increasing interest in methods of remediating contaminated ground waters. However, with some remediation processes, the breakdown products are more toxic than the original contaminant. Organic matter and salinity may also influence degradation efficiency. This study tested the efficiency of Fenton oxidation in degrading the sulfonylurea herbicide metsulfuron methyl (MeS), and tested the reaction products for phytotoxicity with the Lemna (duckweed) bioassay. The efficiency of degradation by Fentonâs reagent (Fe2þ ¼0.09 mM; H2O2¼1.76mM, 4 h) decreased with increasing initial MeS concentration, from 98% with 5 mg/L MeS, to 63% with 70 mg/L MeS. Addition of NaCl (10 mM) and organic matter (humic acid at 0.2 and 2.0 mg C/L as Total Organic Carbon) reduced the efficiency of degradation at low initial MeS concentrations (5 and 10mg/L), but had no effect at high concentrations. The residual Fentonâs reagent after Fentonâs oxidation was toxic to Lemna. After removal of residual iron and H2O2, the measured toxicity to Lemna in the treated samples could be explained by the concentrations of MeS as measured by HPLC/UV detection, so there was no evidence of additional toxicity or amelioration due to the by-products or formulation materials.

Abdul, JM, Kumar, M, Vigneswaran, S & Kandasamy, J 2012, 'Removal of metsulfuron methyl by Fenton reagent', Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 137-144.
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The removal of metsulfuron methyl (MeS)-a sulfonyl urea herbicide from contaminated water was investigated by advanced oxidation process (AOP) using Fenton method. The optimum dose of Fenton reagent (Fe 2+/H 2O 2) was 10mg/L Fe 2+ and 60mg/L H 2O 2 for an initial MeS concentration ([MeS] 0) range of 0-80mg/L. The Fenton process was effective under pH 3. The degradation efficiency of MeS decreased by more than 70% at pH>3 (pH 4.5 and 7). The initial Fe 2+ concentration ([Fe 2+] 0) in the Fenton reagent affected the degradation efficiency, rate and kinetics. The degradation of MeS at optimum dose of Fenton reagent was more than 95% for [MeS] 0 of 0-40mg/L and the degradation time was less than 30min. The determination of residual MeS concentration after Fenton oxidation by UV spectrophotometry was affected by the interferences from Fenton reagent. The estimation of residual MeS concentration after Fenton oxidation by high pressure/performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) was interference free and represented the actual concentration of MeS and does not include the by-products of Fenton oxidation. The degradation kinetics of MeS was modelled by second order reactions involving 8 rate constants. The two reaction constants directly involving MeS were fitted using the experimental data and the remaining constants were selected from previously reported values. The model fit for MeS and the subsequent prediction of H 2O 2 were found to be within experimental error tolerances. © 2011 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry.

Abdullah, MW 2012, 'Performance and Detection of M-ary Frequency Shift Keying in Triple Layer Wireless Sensor Network', International journal of Computer Networks & Communications, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 177-189.
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Adnan, R, Masjuki, HH & Mahlia, TMI 2012, 'Performance and emission analysis of hydrogen fueled compression ignition engine with variable water injection timing', Energy, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 416-426.
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Agrawal, A, Kejalakshmy, N, Uthman, M, Rahman, BMA, Kumar, A & Grattan, KTV 2012, 'Ultra low bending loss equiangular spiral photonic crystal fibers in the terahertz regime', AIP Advances, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 022140-022140.
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An Equiangular Spiral Photonic Crystal Fiber (ES-PCF) design in Topas® for use in the Terahertz regime is presented. The design shows ultra low bending loss and very low confinement loss compared to conventional Hexagonal PCF (H-PCF). The ES-PCF has excellent modal confinement properties, together with several parameters to allow the optimization of the performance over a range of important characteristics. A full vector Finite Element simulation has been used to characterize the design which can be fabricated by a range of techniques including extrusion and drilling.

Ahad, MT, Dyson, LE & Gay, VC 2012, 'An Empirical Study of Factors Influencing the SME's Intention to Adopt m-Banking in Rural Bangladesh', Journal of Mobile Technologies, Knowledge and Society, vol. 2012, pp. 1-16.
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This research empirically studies the factors that influence the intention of SME owners and managers to adopt m-banking in rural Bangladesh. The study specifically focuses on business oriented m-banking, such as paying suppliers or receiving payments from customers, and on person-to-person use of m-banking. Although over the last ten years a wide spectrum of mbanking frameworks has emerged in various countries, very few research have focused on SMEs m-banking adoption and acceptance of the service. Another rationale for undertaking such a study is that m-banking has not yet been extended to rural Bangladesh. To fill the gap this research surveyed 550 SMEs owners/managers in four (4) rural villages. The survey indicates that poor banking facilities, cost, credibility, gender, education and SME business type are the main factors that significantly influence the intention to adopt m-banking. The analysis focuses on the three factors that have been largely overlooked in prior literature, that are banking satisfaction, m-banking advantages for SMEs, and SME business type. The study broadens our understanding of m-banking and provides insights into developing m-banking strategies in Bangladesh. This research will be of potential value in accelerating the development of m-banking in Bangladesh.

Ahmad, RT, Nguyen, TV, Shim, WG, Vigneswaran, S, Moon, H & Kandasamy, J 2012, 'Effluent organic matter removal by Purolite®A500PS: Experimental performance and mathematical model', Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 98, pp. 46-54.
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In this study, the performance of Purolite®A500PS in effluent organic matter (EfOM) removal was evaluated through adsorption equilibrium, kinetics and fluidized bed experiments. It was found that the maximum EfOM removal capacity of Purolite®A500PS calculated by the Langmuir isotherm was 50.9 mg DOC/g Purolite®A500PS. The results also showed that fluidized bed operational conditions strongly affected the EfOM removal efficiency. A fluidized bed packed with Purolite®A500PS can maintain a consistent EfOM removal efficiency of more than 80% with more than 800 bed volumes from 10 mg DOC/L of synthetic wastewater. A majority of hydrophilic compounds (76.4%) and a significant amount of hydrophobic compounds (55%) were removed by the Purolite®A500PS fluidized bed. The Purolite®A500PS fluidized bed was also found to remove a majority of biopolymer (98.5%), humic substances (86.5%), and low molecular weight neutrals (83.3%). © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Ahmed, A, Hussain, W & Kamran, A 2012, 'Logic Formulation and Evaluation of Academic Constraints', Australian journal of basic and applied sciences / International network for scientific information; INSInet, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 26-39.
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Akgun, A, Kıncal, C & Pradhan, B 2012, 'Application of remote sensing data and GIS for landslide risk assessment as an environmental threat to Izmir city (west Turkey)', Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, vol. 184, no. 9, pp. 5453-5470.
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Akgun, A, Sezer, EA, Nefeslioglu, HA, Gokceoglu, C & Pradhan, B 2012, 'An easy-to-use MATLAB program (MamLand) for the assessment of landslide susceptibility using a Mamdani fuzzy algorithm', Computers & Geosciences, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 23-34.
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Alavi, AH & Gandomi, AH 2012, 'Discussion on “Models to predict the deformation modulus and the coefficient of subgrade reaction for earth filling structures” by Ismail Dinçer [Adv. Eng. Software 42 (2011) 160–171]', Advances in Engineering Software, vol. 52, pp. 44-46.
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Alavi, AH & Gandomi, AH 2012, 'Energy-based numerical models for assessment of soil liquefaction', Geoscience Frontiers, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 541-555.
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Alavi, AH, Gandomi, AH & Mousavi, SM 2012, 'Discussion on “Prediction of shear strength parameters of soils using artificial neural networks and multivariate regression methods”', Engineering Geology, vol. 137-138, pp. 107-108.
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Alkilani, S & Jupp, J 2012, 'Paving the Road for Sustainable Construction in Developing Countries: A Study of the Jordanian Construction Industry', Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building - Conference Series, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 84-84.
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There is an increasing pressure on governments of developing economies to support sustainable construction procurement. In exploring this issue, this research asks three related questions: (1) how is sustainable procurement perceived in developing economies, (2) how can government regulation influence its application, and (3) what is the role of performance measurement in stimulating sustainable procurement practices? Answers are sought via an investigation exploring the underlying issues and challenges facing the construction industry of a developing country looking to address sustainable procurement. Using primary and secondary data sources, this research presents a case study of the Jordanian construction industry. Findings show that whilst sustainable procurement practices are promoted, it is still in its infancy - in part due to ineffective procurement frameworks and a lack of performance measurement. Current government regulations and policies are identified as an underlying cause, discouraging the development and adoption of sustainable procurement methods. As the Jordanian construction industry shares characteristics with other developing economies, it is expected that the findings of this paper will be of interest to professionals in those construction industries attempting to initiate sustainable procurement via performance measurement.

Al-Mahmoud, F, Castel, A & François, R 2012, 'Failure modes and failure mechanisms of RC members strengthened by NSM CFRP composites – Analysis of pull-out failure mode', Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 1893-1901.
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Almotairy, S, Wei, DB & Jiang, ZY 2012, 'Study on Surface Roughness Transformation during Metal Rolling', Advanced Materials Research, vol. 418-420, pp. 897-902.
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Increasing the demand for cold rolled ultra thin strip as feedstock for miniaturized products has encouraged researchers to investigate the ways to increase the quality of such products, especially those related to strip surface roughness. Surface is known as quality factor in most of manufacturing processes. In this paper, the effect of the rolling parameters on the surface roughness transformation during metal rolling has been studied. The experimental results demonstrate that the surface roughness transformation during metal rolling is highly affected by the designation of the processing parameters such as finishing temperature, reduction, rolling passes and lubrication. The results have been discussed to verify the validity of the new findings.

Altaee, A 2012, 'Computational model for estimating reverse osmosis system design and performance: Part-one binary feed solution', Desalination, vol. 291, pp. 101-105.
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A computational model for RO system design and performance prediction was developed in this study. The model was developed to estimate the performance parameters of RO in a multiple membrane elements pressure vessel. For simplicity the results of this study were compared with Reverse Osmosis System Analysis (ROSA) software which was assumed to have acceptable marginal errors. Two different feed water (NaCl) concentrations 35,000. mg/L and 38,000. mg/L were investigated in this study. In this paper, the recovery rate, salt rejection, feed pressure and permeate concentration of each RO element in the pressure vessel was compared with ROSA as shown in figures 2 to 5. The results from this study showed a very good agreement with ROSA up to 95%. Most of the previous studies were focused on studying the performance of a single RO membrane. This study, probably, the first to present a systematic procedure for estimating the performance of multiple RO elements in a pressure vessel. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

Althuwaynee, OF, Pradhan, B & Lee, S 2012, 'Application of an evidential belief function model in landslide susceptibility mapping', Computers & Geosciences, vol. 44, pp. 120-135.
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Amarjargal, A, Tijing, LD & Kim, CS 2012, 'Effect of annealing on the phase transition and morphology of Ag NPs on/in TiO2 rods synthesized by a polyol method', Ceramics International, vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 6365-6375.
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Amarjargal, A, Tijing, LD, Pant, HR, Park, C-H & Kim, CS 2012, 'Simultaneous synthesis of TiO2 microrods in situ decorated with Ag nanoparticles and their bactericidal efficiency', Current Applied Physics, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 1106-1112.
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Amarjargal, A, Tijing, LD, Ruelo, MTG, Lee, DH & Kim, CS 2012, 'Facile synthesis and immobilization of Ag–TiO2 nanoparticles on electrospun PU nanofibers by polyol technique and simple immersion', Materials Chemistry and Physics, vol. 135, no. 2-3, pp. 277-281.
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A simple polyol process is presented here to synthesize silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) on titanium nanosphere substrate (Ag–TiO2), which are subsequently decorated on the surface of electrospun polyurethane (PU) nanofibers by immersion in hot colloidal solution. Various spectroscopic and physical characterization techniques are utilized to study the physico-chemical properties of the prepared samples. The polyol-synthesized Ag–TiO2 decorated PU nanofibers show superior antibacterial properties under UV light, and are potentially useful for water filtration application.

Amarjargal, A, Tijing, LD, Yu, M-H, Kim, C-H, Park, C-H, Kim, D-W & Kim, C-S 2012, 'Characterization and Photocatalytic Efficiency of TiO2/Ti Beads Fabricated by Simple Heat-Treatment', Journal of Materials Science & Technology, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 184-192.
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Angelini, M & Wright, A 2012, 'Student Engagement as Transformation: An Exploration of the Academic and Personal Development of Student Mentors', Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, vol. 4, no. 2.

Angus, K, Thomas, P & Guerbois, J-P 2012, 'Synthesis and characterisation of cobaltite and ferrite spinels using thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray crystallography', Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, vol. 108, no. 2, pp. 449-452.
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The synthesis for a series of ferrite (M IIFe 2O 4) and cobaltite (M IICo 2O 4) spinels was investigated where M II is Mg, Co, Ni, Cu or Zn. The ferrites were prepared at a calcination temperature of 800 °C; the cobaltites at 500 °C. TG-MS indicated that reduction of CoIII to CoII occurs at ca. 800 °C, hence, the lower calcination temperature. For both the ferrites and the cobaltites, the evolution of water and CO 2 during the calcination suggests the presence of both species in the precipitates. The observed mass losses indicated that the precursor basic carbonate precipitates for the cobaltite synthesis were predominantly carbonate, while the precursor basic carbonate precipitates for ferrite synthesis were predominantly hydroxide in character. XRD data showed successful synthesis of the ferrites with minimal contamination from the parent oxides, while the cobaltites were observed to be predominantly of the spinel structure. © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2011.

Aoki, Y, Ravindrarajah, RS & Khabbaz, H 2012, 'Properties of pervious concrete containing fly ash', ROAD MATERIALS AND PAVEMENT DESIGN, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1-11.
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Pervious concrete isoneofthe most effective pavement materialsto addressanumber ofimportant environmental issues, such as recharging groundwater and reducing stormwater runoff. In this paper, the findings of an experimental investigation on properties of pervious concrete are reported and discussed. The amount of general purpose Portland cement has been reduced by introducing fly ash as a cementitious agent in pervious concrete samples. The properties of various pervious concrete samples including density, porosity, compressive strength, water permeability and drying shrinkage have been carefully measured. In addition, the relationships among these properties are explored. According to the results, high porosity samples indicated higher permeability, whereas their compressive strength was reduced. There was no significant difference between properties of pervious concrete samples containing fly ash and those samples comprising only cement as a cementitious agent. Hence, environmentally friendly pervious concrete with fly ash can be produced in lieu of conventional pervious concrete. © 2012 Taylor & Francis.

Arefin, AS, Mathieson, L, Johnstone, D, Berretta, R & Moscato, P 2012, 'Unveiling Clusters of RNA Transcript Pairs Associated with Markers of Alzheimer’s Disease Progression', PLoS ONE, vol. 7, no. 9, pp. e45535-e45535.
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Background: One primary goal of transcriptomic studies is identifying gene expression patterns correlating with disease progression. This is usually achieved by considering transcripts that independently pass an arbitrary threshold (e.g. p<0.05). In diseases involving severe perturbations of multiple molecular systems, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), this univariate approach often results in a large list of seemingly unrelated transcripts. We utilised a powerful multivariate clustering approach to identify clusters of RNA biomarkers strongly associated with markers of AD progression. We discuss the value of considering pairs of transcripts which, in contrast to individual transcripts, helps avoid natural human transcriptome variation that can overshadow disease-related changes. Methodology/Principal Findings: We re-analysed a dataset of hippocampal transcript levels in nine controls and 22 patients with varying degrees of AD. A large-scale clustering approach determined groups of transcript probe sets that correlate strongly with measures of AD progression, including both clinical and neuropathological measures and quantifiers of the characteristic transcriptome shift from control to severe AD. This enabled identification of restricted groups of highly correlated probe sets from an initial list of 1,372 previously published by our group. We repeated this analysis on an expanded dataset that included all pair-wise combinations of the 1,372 probe sets. As clustering of this massive dataset is unfeasible using standard computational tools, we adapted and re-implemented a clustering algorithm that uses external memory algorithmic approach. This identified various pairs that strongly correlated with markers of AD progression and highlighted important biological pathways potentially involved in AD pathogenesis. Conclusions/Significance: Our analyses demonstrate that, although there exists a relatively large molecular signature of AD progression, only a smal...

Arif, M, Saqib, M, Basalamah, S & Naeem, A 2012, 'Counting of moving people in the video using neural network system', Life Science Journal, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 1384-1392.
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Automatic counting of people in the crowd using surveillance visual camera is very useful in effective crowd management, security surveillance, and many more applications. In this paper, we have proposed an intelligent framework to automate the process of people counting in the surveillance video. Foreground (moving people) segmentation from the video is done by combination of different foreground estimation techniques. Texture analysis and foreground pixel area for different segmentation techniques are used to extract the useful features. Neural Network is trained on these features and people counting accuracy of more than 96% is achieved on a benchmark video.

Ariffin, S, Dyson, L & Hoskins-McKenzie, D 2012, 'Content is King: Malaysian Industry Experts’ Point of View on Local Content for Mobile Phones', Journal of Mobile Technologies, Knolwedge, and Society, vol. 2012, no. 2012, pp. 1-9.
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Content is the most prominent aspect of the medium for communication. The trends of the content nowadays, especially in Malaysia, have shown the lack of local content in, for example, television, radio, films, the Internet and, in more recent years, mobile phones. In order to understand the situation in Malaysia with regards to local content for mobile phones, meetings were carried out with Malaysian mobile technology specialists. Given their extensive experience in this industry, they are knowledgeable regarding mobile users needs. The findings show that there is limited local content. On the other hand, the Malaysian government has adopted a pro-active attitude to launch activities to motivate students in the universities to produce more local mobile content. Problems that need to be addressed include: low numbers of mobile content developers; lack of standardization of mobile phones; a limited business for Malaysian mobile content and limitation of bandwidth coverage in rural areas. The content on the mobile phone is also crucially important for the positioning of Malaysian local culture on the world map. One of the areas identified of importance for understanding use of mobile content is at the local institutions of higher learning. Thus, it is suggested to investigate mobile content for students and educators further on how it could benefit those participants.

Arsene, CTC, Gabrys, B & Al-Dabass, D 2012, 'Decision support system for water distribution systems based on neural networks and graphs theory for leakage detection', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 39, no. 18, pp. 13214-13224.
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Aryal, A, Sathasivan, A & Vigneswaran, S 2012, 'Synergistic effect of biological activated carbon and enhanced coagulation in secondary wastewater effluent treatment', Water Science and Technology, vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 332-339.
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The use of secondary wastewater effluent (SWWE) is an essential strategy for making better use of limited water resources. However, a wide range of organic compounds eventually renders them unsuitable for recycling. In water treatment processes, biologically activated carbon (BAC) is adopted after physicochemical treatment. However, the effectiveness of such combination for SWWE remains poorly understood. This study investigates the effectiveness of various combinations: BAC/enhanced coagulation (EC) or EC/BAC, especially in terms of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal. The results showed that distinct advantage could be obtained by adopting BAC/EC combination rather than EC/BAC, as microbes in BAC not only remove non-coagulable compounds but also synergize the removal efficiency by releasing some coagulable humic substances.

Aryal, R, Johir, MAH, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J & Sleigh, R 2012, 'Performance of a stainless steel membrane in membrane bioreactor process', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 41, no. 1-3, pp. 258-264.
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Stainless steel membrane has recently emerged as a durable membrane for microfiltration. An aerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR) equipped with a tubular stainless steel membrane of pore size 0.3âμm was submerged in a wastewater reactor to treat municipal wastewater of about 1,000âmg/L COD. The membrane operational performance was tested at three different permeate flux (7.5, 10 and 15âL/m2âh [LMH]) for 2 days each. In all cases, the rate of transmembrane pressure (TMP) rise was very high at 30, 45 and 80âkPa for 7.5, 10 and 15âLMH, respectively. Different analytical techniques i.e. particle size distribution, UV spectrometry, fluorescent spectrometry and size exclusion chromatography were used to study the nature of mixed liquor and the fouling deposited on the membrane surface. Rapid rise of TMP and decrease in permeate flux was observed during the experiment. Analysis of the fouling indicated a negligible difference in nature of organics between it and the mixed liquor. Filtration flux test showed a high sludge cake and pore-blocking resistance of 4.4âÃâ1019 and 2.8âÃâ1016âmâ1, respectively, compared to a clean membrane resistance 5.4âÃâ1012âmâ1. The similar nature of organics in the mixed liquor and the foulant and recovery of flux after removal of the foulant after gentle washing in water, indicated a rapid sludge accumulation rather than the irreversible fouling.

Ashurov, R, Butaev, A & Pradhan, B 2012, 'On Generalized Localization of Fourier Inversion Associated with an Elliptic Operator for Distributions', Abstract and Applied Analysis, vol. 2012, pp. 1-13.
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We study the behavior of Fourier integrals summed by the symbols of elliptic operators and pointwise convergence of Fourier inversion. We consider generalized localization principle which in classicalLpspaces was investigated by Sjölin (1983), Carbery and Soria (1988, 1997) and Alimov (1993). Proceeding these studies, in this paper, we establish sharp conditions for generalized localization in the class of finitely supported distributions.

Askari, M & Markazi, AHD 2012, 'A new evolving compact optimised Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy model and its application to nonlinear system identification', International Journal of Systems Science, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 776-785.
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A new encoding scheme is presented for a fuzzy-based nonlinear system identification methodology, using the subtractive clustering and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm. The proposed method consists of two parts. The first part is related to the selection of most relevant or influencing inputs to the system and the second one is related to the tuning of fuzzy rules and parameters of the membership functions. The main purpose of the proposed scheme is to reduce the complexity and increase the accuracy of the model. In particular, three objectives are considered in the process of optimisation, namely, the number of inputs, number of rules and the root mean square of the modelling error. The performance of the developed method is validated by identifying the Box-Jenkins nonlinear benchmark system, and to the modelling of the forward and inverse dynamic behaviours of a magneto-rheological (MR) damper. The latter is also a challenging problem due to the inherent hysteretic and highly nonlinear dynamics of the MR damper. It is shown that the developed evolving Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model can identify and grasp the nonlinear dynamics of both systems very well, while a small number of inputs and fuzzy rules are required for this purpose. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

Aslani, F & Nejadi, S 2012, 'Bond Behavior of Reinforcement in Conventional and Self-Compacting Concrete', ADVANCES IN STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING, vol. 15, no. 12, pp. 2033-2051.
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Self-compacting concrete (SCC) can be placed under its own weight without compaction. In addition, it is cohesive enough to be handled without segregation and bleeding. Modification in the mix design of SCC can have a significant influence on the material's mechanical properties. Therefore, it is important to investigate whether all of the assumptions about conventional concrete (CC) design structures also valid for SCC construction. Bond behavior between concrete and reinforcement is a primary factor in the design of reinforced concrete structures. This study presents a bond strength model based on the experimental results from eight recent investigations of SCC and CC. In addition, the proposed model, code provisions, and empirical equations and experimental results from recent studies on the bond strength of SCC and CC are compared. The comparison is based on the measured bond between reinforcing steel and concrete utilizing the pullout test on the embedded bars at various heights in the mock-up structural elements to assess the top-bar effect on single bars in small prismatic specimens by conducting beam tests. The investigated varying parameters on bond strength are the: steel bar diameter, concrete compressive strength, concrete type, curing age of the concrete, and height of the embedded bar along the formwork.

Aslani, F & Nejadi, S 2012, 'Bond characteristics of reinforcing steel bars embedded in self-compacting concrete', Australian Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 13, no. 3.
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Aslani, F & Nejadi, S 2012, 'Bond characteristics of steel fiber and deformed reinforcing steel bar embedded in steel fiber reinforced self-compacting concrete (SFRSCC)', Open Engineering, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 445-470.
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AbstractSteel fiber reinforced self-compacting concrete (SFRSCC) is a relatively new composite material which congregates the benefits of the self-compacting concrete (SCC) technology with the profits derived from the fiber addition to a brittle cementitious matrix. Steel fibers improve many of the properties of SCC elements including tensile strength, ductility, toughness, energy absorption capacity, fracture toughness and cracking. Although the available research regarding the influence of steel fibers on the properties of SFRSCC is limited, this paper investigates the bond characteristics between steel fiber and SCC firstly. Based on the available experimental results, the current analytical steel fiber pullout model (Dubey 1999) is modified by considering the different SCC properties and different fiber types (smooth, hooked) and inclination. In order to take into account the effect of fiber inclination in the pullout model, apparent shear strengths (τ (app)) and slip coefficient (β) are incorporated to express the variation of pullout peak load and the augmentation of peak slip as the inclined angle increases. These variables are expressed as functions of the inclined angle (ϕ). Furthurmore, steel-concrete composite floors, reinforced concrete floors supported by columns or walls and floors on an elastic foundations belong to the category of structural elements in which the conventional steel reinforcement can be partially replaced by the use of steel fibers. When discussing deformation capacity of structural elements or civil engineering structures manufactured using SFRSCC, one must be able to describe thoroughly both the behavior of the concrete matrix reinforced with steel fibers and the interaction between this composite matrix and discrete steel reinforcement of the conventional type. However, even though the knowledge on bond behavior is essential for evaluating the overall behavior of structural components c...

Aslani, F & Nejadi, S 2012, 'Bond characteristics of steel fibre reinforced self-compacting concrete', CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, vol. 39, no. 7, pp. 834-848.
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Steel fibre reinforced self-compacting concrete (SFRSCC) is a relatively new composite material that combines the benefits of the self-compacting concrete (SCC) technology with the advantages derived from the fibre addition to a brittle cementitious matrix. Steel fibres improve many of the properties of SCC elements including tensile strength, ductility, toughness, energy absorption capacity, fracture toughness and cracking. Although the available research regarding the influence of steel fibres on the properties of SFRSCC is limited, this paper investigates the bond characteristics between steel fibre and SCC. Based on the available experimental results, the current analytical steel fibre pullout model is modified by considering the different SCC properties and different fibre types (smooth, hooked) and fibre inclination. To take into account the effect of fibre inclination in the pullout model, apparent shear strengths (τ (app)) and slip coefficient (β) are incorporated to express the variation of pullout peak load and the augmentation of peak slip as the inclined angle increases. These variables are expressed as functions of the inclined angle (φ).

Aslani, F & Nejadi, S 2012, 'Cyclic constitutive model for high-strength concrete confined by ultra-high-strength and normal-strength transverse reinforcements', Australian Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 159-172.
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In this paper, a cyclic constitutive model is developed for high-strength concrete (HSC) confined by ultra-high-strength and normal-strength transverse reinforcements (UHSTR and NSTR), with the intention of providing efficient modeling for the member and structural behaviour of HSC in seismic regions. The model for HSC subjected to monotonic and cyclic loading, comprises four components; an envelope curve (for monotonic and cyclic loading), an unloading curve, a reloading curve, and a tensile unloading curve. It explicitly accounts for the effects of concrete compressive strength, Volumetric ratio of transverse reinforcement, yield strength of ties, tie spacing, and tie pattern. Comparisons with test results showed that the proposed model provides a good fit to a wide range of experimental results. © Institution of Engineers, Australia 2012.

Aslani, F & Nejadi, S 2012, 'Mechanical properties of conventional and self-compacting concrete: An analytical study', CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 330-347.
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Self-compacting concrete can be placed and compacted under its own weight with little or no compaction. It is cohesive enough to be handled without segregation or bleeding. It can be used to facilitate and ensure proper filling of complex and multipart formworks and consequently offers good structural performance in heavily reinforced structural members. Modification in the mix design of self-compacting concrete may significantly influence the material's mechanical properties. Therefore, it is vital to investigate whether all the assumed hypotheses about conventional concrete are also valid for self-compacting concrete structures. The present study includes: (a) evaluation and comparison of the current analytical models used for estimating the mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete and conventional concrete, and (b) proposing new models for the mechanical properties of both self-compacting and conventional concrete mixtures. The investigated mechanical properties are modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, and compressive stress-strain (σ-) curve. Extensive databases used for evaluating the analytical models include the measured modulus of elasticity of 110 self-compacting concrete mixtures and 32 conventional concrete mixtures, measured tensile strength of 81 self-compacting concrete mixtures and 26 conventional concrete mixtures, and compressive stress-strain curve of 28 self-compacting concrete mixtures and four conventional concrete mixtures. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Aslani, F & Nejadi, S 2012, 'Shrinkage behavior of self-compacting concrete', JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY-SCIENCE A, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 407-419.
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In the structures where long-term behavior should be monitored and controlled, creep and shrinkage effects have to be included precisely in the analysis and design procedures. Shrinkage varies with the constituent and mixture proportions, and depends on the curing conditions and the work environment as well. Self-compacting concrete (SCC) contains combinations of various components, such as aggregate, cement, superplasticizer, water-reducing agent and other ingredients which affect the properties of the SCC including shrinkage. Hence, the realistic prediction shrinkage strains of SCC are an important requirement of the design process for this type of concrete structures. This study reviews the accuracy of the conventional concrete (CC) shrinkage prediction models proposed by the international codes of practice, including CEB-FIP (1990), ACI 209R (1997), Eurocode 2 (2001), JSCE (2002), AASHTO (2004; 2007) and AS 3600 (2009). Also, SCC shrinkage prediction models proposed by Poppe and De Schutter (2005), Larson (2007), Cordoba (2007) and Khayat and Long (2010) are reviewed. Further, a new shrinkage prediction model based on the comprehensive analysis on both of the available models, i.e., the CC and the SCC is proposed. The predicted shrinkage strains are compared with the actual measured shrinkage strains in 165 mixtures of SCC and 21 mixtures of CC. © Zhejiang University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012.

Assis‐Dorr, H, Palacios‐Marques, D & Merigó, JM 2012, 'Social networking as an enabler of change in entrepreneurial Brazilian firms', Journal of Organizational Change Management, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 699-708.
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PurposeThis paper aims to research the effects of market orientation in the use of social networking and its relationship with organisational learning.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical study was carried out in 132 recently created Brazilian biotechnology companies. Structural equation models were used in order to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe findings suggest that market orientation is positively related to social networking and organizational learning. The study also examines businesses that employ social networks and generate learning procedures within the organisations.Practical implicationsStatistically speaking, the use of social networking platforms such as Facebook and Twitter have significant effects on the internal variables of the organisation, which is why businesses should develop new profiles that better reflect the company's corporate strategy.Originality/valueCurrently, studies carried out on technologically based social networks are a new feature of the field of management. This article brings together classic management constructs, such as organizational learning or market orientation, together with the incorporation of technological social networks.

Atabani, AE, Silitonga, AS & Mahlia, TMI 2012, 'Cost benefit analysis and environmental impact of fuel economy standards for passenger cars in Indonesia', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 3547-3558.
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Atabani, AE, Silitonga, AS, Badruddin, IA, Mahlia, TMI, Masjuki, HH & Mekhilef, S 2012, 'A comprehensive review on biodiesel as an alternative energy resource and its characteristics', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 2070-2093.
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Athab, HS, Lu, DD-C & Ramar, K 2012, 'A Single-Switch AC/DC Flyback Converter Using a CCM/DCM Quasi-Active Power Factor Correction Front-End', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 1517-1526.
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This paper discusses the major issues that exist in the single-stage ac/dc converters with power factor correction (PFC) and presents a novel converter based on a quasi-active PFC scheme. Two additional windings wound in the transformer of a conventional dc/dc flyback converter are used to drive and achieve continuous current mode operation of an input inductor. In addition, direct energy transfer paths are provided through the additional windings to improve the conversion efficiency and to reduce the dc bus capacitor voltage below 450 V for universal line applications. The proposed converter can be easily designed to comply with IEC 61000-3-2 Class D requirement and to achieve fast output voltage regulation. By properly tuning the converter parameters, a good tradeoff between efficiency, dc bus capacitor voltage stress, and harmonic content can be achieved. Operating principles, analysis, and experimental results of the proposed method are presented. © 2011 IEEE.

Azadeh, A, Asadzadeh, SM, Saberi, M & Khoshmagham, S 2012, 'An integrated genetic algorithm-principal component analysis for improvement and estimation of gas consumption in Finland, Hungary, Ireland, Japan and Malaysia', International Journal of Operational Research, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 147-147.
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This paper presents a genetic algorithm (GA) - principal component analysis (PCA) for long-term natural gas (NG) consumption prediction and improvement. Six models are proposed to forecast the annual gas demand. Around 27 GAs have been constructed and tested in order to find the best GA for gas consumption. The proposed models consist of input variables such as gross domestic product (GDP) and population (POP). All of trained GAs are then compared with each other respect to the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The GA model is capable of dealing both complexity and uncertainty in the data set. To show the applicability and superiority of the GA, actual gas consumptions in Finland, Hungary, Ireland, Japan and Malaysia from 1980 to 2007 are considered. With the aid of an autoregressive model, GDP and population are projected till 2015, and then with the projected GDP and population as inputs to the best GA model, gas consumption is predicted till 2015. Finally, we use the multivariate method of PCA in behaviour analysis of gas consumption in the selected countries. This method normalises the gas consumption by both population and GDP, and then the PCA procedure is run for efficiency assessment of the selected countries. PCA is used to examine the behaviour of gas consumption in the past and also to make insights for the forthcoming years. © 2012 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Azadeh, A, Neshat, N, Kazemi, A & Saberi, M 2012, 'Predictive control of drying process using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy and partial least squares approach', The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 58, no. 5-8, pp. 585-596.
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Azadeh, A, Saberi, M & Jiryaei, Z 2012, 'An intelligent decision support system for forecasting and optimization of complex personnel attributes in a large bank', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 39, no. 16, pp. 12358-12370.
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Azadeh, A, Saberi, M, Noorossana, R, Mehrabad, MS, Anvari, M & Izadbakhsh, H 2012, 'Estimating efficient value of controllable variable using an adaptive neural network algorithm: Case of a railway system', Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, vol. 71, no. 1, pp. 45-50.
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This study proposes a method, using adaptive neural network (ANN), to predict, estimate and evaluate performance variables without requiring any restrictive assumptions, taking case of a railway system. Also, by means of this method, it would be possible to compare actual performance data with estimated values and route their assignable causes in future periods. Energy consumption norm of vehicles in case of energy railway and real data of energy consumption in Iranian railway is considered.

Azadeh, A, Seraj, O, Asadzadeh, SM & Saberi, M 2012, 'An integrated fuzzy regression-data envelopment analysis algorithm for optimum oil consumption estimation with ambiguous data', Applied Soft Computing, vol. 12, no. 8, pp. 2614-2630.
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Bagheri, M, Bagheri, M, Gandomi, AH & Golbraikh, A 2012, 'Simple yet accurate prediction method for sublimation enthalpies of organic contaminants using their molecular structure', Thermochimica Acta, vol. 543, pp. 96-106.
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Bakker, S, Antle, AN & van den Hoven, E 2012, 'Embodied metaphors in tangible interaction design', PERSONAL AND UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 433-449.
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For centuries, learning and development has been supported by physical activity and manipulating physical objects. With the introduction of embedded technologies, opportunities for employing tangible or embodied interaction for learning and development have emerged. As a result of previous research, we have seen that interaction models based on embodied knowledge (through embodied metaphors) can support children's learning in abstract domains. Although metaphorical mappings are promoted in tangible and embodied interaction research, little is known about how to identify embodied metaphors, or how to implement them effectively into interaction models. In this paper, we introduce a people centered, iterative approach to the design of tangible learning systems with embodied metaphor-based mappings. As a design case, we imple- mented our approach to the design of Moving Sounds (MoSo) Tangibles; a tangible system for learning abstract sound concepts. The system consists of a set of interactive tangibles with which children can manipulate pitch, volume, and tempo of ongoing tones. In a user study with 39 participants, we found that all children were able to reproduce sound samples with MoSo Tangibles.

Bakker, S, van den Hoven, E & Eggen, B 2012, 'Acting by hand: Informing interaction design for the periphery of people's attention', INTERACTING WITH COMPUTERS, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 119-130.
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Interactions in and with the physical world have enabled us to perform everyday activities in the periphery of our attention. Even though digital technologies are becoming increasingly present in the everyday environment, interaction with these technologies usually requires people's focused attention. In the realm of the vision of calm technology, we think that designing interactions with the digital world inspired by our peripheral interaction with the physical world, will enable digital technologies to better blend into our everyday lives. However, for such interaction design to be effective, a detailed understanding of the everyday periphery is required. In this paper, we therefore present a qualitative study on every- day activities that may take place in the periphery of the attention. We provide a broad range of examples of such everyday activities and cluster them to present the conditions under which they may be performed peripherally. Furthermore, we discuss how our findings may be relevant for the design of peripheral interactions with digital technologies, and present two conceptual designs that are based on our findings.

Bakker, S, van den Hoven, E & Eggen, B 2012, 'Knowing by ear: leveraging human attention abilities in interaction design', JOURNAL ON MULTIMODAL USER INTERFACES, vol. 5, no. 3-4, pp. 197-209.
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In a world in which intelligent technologies are integrated in everyday objects and environments, users are at risk of being overburdened with information and interac- tion possibilities. Calm technology therefore aims at design- ing interactions that may reside in the periphery of the userâs attention and only shift to the center of the attention when re- quired. However, for such designs to be effective, a detailed understanding of human attention abilities is needed. In this paper, we therefore present a qualitative study on the every- day periphery of the attention. As we expected, we found that sound plays a major role in this, which supports our ap- proach to use interactive sonification as an interaction style for peripheral interaction. We present a range of rich exam- ples of everyday situations that lay out the design space for peripheral interaction and support these findings by describ- ing three initial designs that use interactive sonification for peripheral interaction.

Bao, G, Wen, S & Zeng, Z 2012, 'Robust stability analysis of interval fuzzy Cohen–Grossberg neural networks with piecewise constant argument of generalized type', Neural Networks, vol. 33, pp. 32-41.
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Beck, D, Brandl, MB, Boelen, L, Unnikrishnan, A, Pimanda, JE & Wong, JWH 2012, 'Signal analysis for genome-wide maps of histone modifications measured by ChIP-seq', Bioinformatics, vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 1062-1069.
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Abstract Motivation: Chromatin structure, including post-translational modifications of histones, regulates gene expression, alternative splicing and cell identity. ChIP-seq is an increasingly used assay to study chromatin function. However, tools for downstream bioinformatics analysis are limited and are only based on the evaluation of signal intensities. We reasoned that new methods taking into account other signal characteristics such as peak shape, location and frequencies might reveal new insights into chromatin function, particularly in situation where differences in read intensities are subtle. Results: We introduced an analysis pipeline, based on linear predictive coding (LPC), which allows the capture and comparison of ChIP-seq histone profiles. First, we show that the modeled signal profiles distinguish differentially expressed genes with comparable accuracy to signal intensities. The method was robust against parameter variations and performed well up to a signal-to-noise ratio of 0.55. Additionally, we show that LPC profiles of activating and repressive histone marks cluster into distinct groups and can be used to predict their function. Availability and implementation:  http://www.cancerresearch.unsw.edu.au/crcweb.nsf/page/LPCHP A Matlab implementation along with usage instructions and an example input file are available from: http://www.cancerresearch.unsw.edu.au/crcweb.nsf/page/LPCHP Contact:  d.beck@student.unsw.edu.au; jpimanda@unsw.edu.au; jason.wong@unsw.edu.au Supplementary information:  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Bernardo, DV & Hoang, DB 2012, 'Multi-layer security analysis and experimentation of high speed protocol data transfer for GRID', International Journal of Grid and Utility Computing, vol. 3, no. 2/3, pp. 81-81.
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GRID computing infrastructures and applications coordinate uncontrolled and decentralised resources; using new fast data transfer protocols deliver and provide high data transmission that can meet high performance computing requirements of users, institutions, and industries. For such environments standard transport protocols such as TCP and UDP are not always sufficient given their fixed set of properties and limited flexibility. Today, TCP protocol variants have demonstrated better performance in either GRID simulations or WAN and in some limited network experiments. However, practical use in real applications of these protocols is still very limited because of the implementation and installation difficulties. On the other hand, users who need to transfer bulk data (e.g., in grid/cloud computing) usually turn to application level solutions where these variants do not fair well. Among protocols considered in the application level solutions are UDP-based protocols, such as UDT (UDP-based Data Transport Protocol).UDT is considered one of the most recently developed new transport protocols with congestion control algorithms. It was developed to support next generation high-speed networks, GRID, and including wide area optical networks. We surveyed and conducted experiments on existing mechanisms to determine their viability to secure UDT. The results of the experiments provide important dimensions to our aim of developing a comprehensive security architecture for UDT in the future.

Bhuiya, MMK, Ahamed, JU, Chowdhury, MSU, Sarkar, MAR, Salam, B, Saidur, R, Masjuki, HH & Kalam, MA 2012, 'Heat transfer enhancement and development of correlation for turbulent flow through a tube with triple helical tape inserts', International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 94-101.
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Bhuiya, MMK, Ahamed, JU, Sarkar, MAR, Salam, B, Masjuki, HH, Kalam, MA, Saidur, R & Sayem, ASM 2012, 'Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Characteristics in Turbulent Flow Through a Tube', Experimental Heat Transfer, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 301-322.
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Bhuiya, MMK, Chowdhury, MSU, Ahamed, JU, Khan, MJH, Sarkar, MAR, Kalam, MA, Masjuki, HH & Shahabuddin, M 2012, 'Heat transfer performance for turbulent flow through a tube using double helical tape inserts', International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 818-825.
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Bilek, E, Busch, F, Hartung, J, Scheele, C, Thomas, C, Deuse, J & Kuhlenkötter, B 2012, 'Intelligente Erstellung und Nutzung von Maschinendokumentation', Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, vol. 107, no. 9, pp. 652-656.
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Kurzfassung Mit zunehmender Komplexität von Maschinen und Anlagen steigen auch die Anforderungen und der Aufwand für die Erstellung technischer Dokumentationsunterlagen. Daher müssen Maschinen zukünftig so ausgerüstet werden, dass Mitarbeiter durch Bereitstellung zustandsabhängiger Informationen bei Instandhaltungs- und Dokumentationsaufgaben unterstützt werden. Dazu wird ein Konzept für eine Hardwarekomponente vorgestellt, welche Veränderungen in der Anlage automatisch erkennt, analysiert und aufbereitet.

Blamires, SJ, Lai, C-H, Cheng, R-C, Liao, C-P, Shen, P-S & Tso, I-M 2012, 'Body spot coloration of a nocturnal sit-and-wait predator visually lures prey', Behavioral Ecology, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 69-74.
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BLAMIRES, SJ, WU, C-L, BLACKLEDGE, TA & TSO, I-M 2012, 'Environmentally induced post-spin property changes in spider silks: influences of web type, spidroin composition and ecology', Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, vol. 106, no. 3, pp. 580-588.
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Blamires, SJ, Wu, C-L, Blackledge, TA & Tso, I-M 2012, 'Post-secretion processing influences spider silk performance', Journal of The Royal Society Interface, vol. 9, no. 75, pp. 2479-2487.
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Phenotypic variation facilitates adaptations to novel environments. Silk is an example of a highly variable biomaterial. The two-spidroin (MaSp) model suggests that spider major ampullate (MA) silk is composed of two proteins—MaSp1 predominately contains alanine and glycine and forms strength enhancing β-sheet crystals, while MaSp2 contains proline and forms elastic spirals. Nonetheless, mechanical properties can vary in spider silks without congruent amino acid compositional changes. We predicted that post-secretion processing causes variation in the mechanical performance of wild MA silk independent of protein composition or spinning speed across 10 species of spider. We used supercontraction to remove post-secretion effects and compared the mechanics of silk in this ‘ground state’ with wild native silks. Native silk mechanics varied less among species compared with ‘ground state’ silks. Variability in the mechanics of ‘ground state’ silks was associated with proline composition. However, variability in native silks did not. We attribute interspecific similarities in the mechanical properties of native silks, regardless of amino acid compositions, to glandular processes altering molecular alignment of the proteins prior to extrusion. Such post-secretion processing may enable MA silk to maintain functionality across environments, facilitating its function as a component of an insect-catching web.

Bogdanov, A & Qiao, Y 2012, 'On the security of Goldreich’s one-way function', computational complexity, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 83-127.
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Goldreich (ECCC 2000) suggested a simple construction of a candidate one-way function f: {0, 1} n → {0, 1} m where each bit of output is a fixed predicate P of a constant number d of (random) input bits. We investigate the security of this construction in the regime m = Dn, where D(d) is a sufficiently large constant. We prove that for any predicate P that correlates with either one or two of its inputs, f can be inverted with high probability. We also prove an amplification claim regarding Goldreich's construction. Suppose we are given an assignment x′ ∈ {0,1} n that has correlation ε > 0 with the hidden assignment x′ ∈ {0,1} n. Then, given access to x′, it is possible to invert f on x with high probability, provided D = D(d,ε) is sufficiently large. © 2012 Springer Basel AG.

Brennan, J & Martin, E 2012, 'Spatial proximity is more than just a distance measure', International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 88-106.
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In order to design computer systems that are intuitive to use, the way humans reason about their âreal world❠surroundings needs to be taken into consideration. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) focus on spatial reasoning. Over the last decades, many advances have been made in GIS interfaces and functionality; however the concept of proximity or nearness, which is essential in many forms of human reasoning, is still being addressed insufficiently. This paper provides a thorough and comprehensive synthesis of the disparate literature that pertains to the subject of proximity. It offers insights into why existing methods for reasoning with proximity work, or do not work, and analyses their strengths and weaknesses. Finally, the paper provides the derivation of new proximity measures, and their evaluation, backed by experiments and reflections. New measures are formally described in a unifying and compelling framework. This framework acknowledges that while distance is one factor that influences proximity perception, proximity is much more than just a distance measure.

Bressan, N, McGregor, C, Blount, M, Ebling, M, Sow, D & James, A 2012, '1618 Identification of Noxious Events for Newborn Infants with a Neural Network', Archives of Disease in Childhood, vol. 97, no. Suppl 2, pp. A458-A458.
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Briët, J, Buhrman, H, Lee, T & Vidick, T 2012, 'All Schatten spaces endowed with the Schur product are Q-algebras', Journal of Functional Analysis, vol. 262, no. 1, pp. 1-9.
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Bródka, P, Kazienko, P, Musiał, K & Skibicki, K 2012, 'Analysis of Neighbourhoods in Multi-layered Dynamic Social Networks', International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 582-596.
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Social networks existing among employees, customers or users of various ITsystems have become one of the research areas of growing importance. A socialnetwork consists of nodes - social entities and edges linking pairs of nodes.In regular, one-layered social networks, two nodes - i.e. people are connectedwith a single edge whereas in the multi-layered social networks, there may bemany links of different types for a pair of nodes. Nowadays data about peopleand their interactions, which exists in all social media, provides informationabout many different types of relationships within one network. Analysing thisdata one can obtain knowledge not only about the structure and characteristicsof the network but also gain understanding about semantic of human relations.Are they direct or not? Do people tend to sustain single or multiple relationswith a given person? What types of communication is the most important forthem? Answers to these and more questions enable us to draw conclusions aboutsemantic of human interactions. Unfortunately, most of the methods used forsocial network analysis (SNA) may be applied only to one-layered socialnetworks. Thus, some new structural measures for multi-layered social networksare proposed in the paper, in particular: cross-layer clustering coefficient,cross-layer degree centrality and various versions of multi-layered degreecentralities. Authors also investigated the dynamics of multi-layeredneighbourhood for five different layers within the social network. Theevaluation of the presented concepts on the real-world dataset is presented.The measures proposed in the paper may directly be used to various methods forcollective classification, in which nodes are assigned to labels according totheir structural input features.

Brown, R, Rasmussen, R, Baldwin, I & Wyeth, P 2012, 'Design and implementation of a virtual world training simulation of ICU first hour handover processes', Australian Critical Care, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 178-187.
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Brunner, N, Fallböhmer, M, Sousanabady, RJ, Schallow, J & Deuse, J 2012, 'Plattformkonzept für die Montageplanung', Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, vol. 107, no. 11, pp. 825-830.
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Kurzfassung Die starke Individualisierung der Produkte im globalen Wettbewerb erzeugt eine hohe Anzahl unterschiedlicher Varianten, die auf Grund sinkender Produktlebenszyklen zu einer hohen Planungshäufigkeit führen. Entscheidend für die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit produzierender Unternehmen ist eine schnelle Anpassungsfähigkeit der Produktionssysteme an die Anforderungen des zu realisierenden Produktprogramms. Einen wesentlichen Beitrag hierzu kann die Montageplanung leisten. In diesem Artikel wird beschrieben, wie ein standardisiertes Montagesystem basierend auf einem Produktbaukasten durch die Analyse der Schnittstelle zwischen Produkt und Montageanlagen entwickelt werden kann.

Bu, GP, Lee, JH, Guan, H, Loo, YC & Blumenstein, M 2012, 'Long-Term Performance of Bridge Elements Using Integrated Deterioration Method Incorporating Elman Neural Network', Applied Mechanics and Materials, vol. 204-208, pp. 1980-1987.
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Currently, probabilistic deterioration modeling techniques have been employed in most state-of-the-art Bridge Management Systems (BMSs) to predict future bridge condition ratings. As confirmed by many researchers, the reliability of the probabilistic deterioration models rely heavily on the sufficient amount of condition data together with their well-distributed historical deterioration patterns over time. However, inspection records are usually insufficient in most bridge agencies. As a result, a typical standalone probabilistic model (e.g. state-based or time-based model) is not promising for forecasting a reliable bridge long-term performance. To minimise the shortcomings of lacking condition data, an integrated method using a combination of state- and time-based techniques has recently been developed and has demonstrated an improved performance as compared to the standalone techniques. However, certain shortcomings still remain in the integrated method which necessities further improvement. In this study, the core component of the state-based modeling is replaced by an Elman Neural Networks (ENN). The integrated method incorporated with ENN is more effective in predicting long-term bridge performance as compared to the typical deterioration modeling techniques. As part of comprehensive case studies, this paper presents the deterioration prediction of 52 bridge elements with material types of Steel (S), Timber (T) and Other (O). These elements are selected from 94 bridges (totaling 4,115 inspection records). The enhanced reliability of the proposed integrated method incorporating ENN is confirmed.

Bui, DT, Pradhan, B, Lofman, O, Revhaug, I & Dick, OB 2012, 'Application of support vector machines in landslide susceptibility assessment for the Hoa Binh province (Vietnam) with kernel functions analysis', iEMSs 2012 - Managing Resources of a Limited Planet: Proceedings of the 6th Biennial Meeting of the International Environmental Modelling and Software Society, pp. 382-389.
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The main objective of this study is to investigate the potential application of support vector machines (SVM) with kernel functions analysis for spatial prediction of landslides in the Hoa Binh province, Vietnam. A landslide inventory map that accounts for landslides that occurred during the last ten years was constructed using data from various sources. The landslide inventory was randomly divided into a training dataset 70% for building the models and the remaining 30% for the validation of the models. Ten landslide conditioning factors, such as slope angle, aspect, relief amplitude, lithology, soil type, landuse, distance to roads, distance to rivers, distance to faults and rainfall were prepared. During the model building process, four different SVM kernel functions (linear, polynomial, radial basic function, and sigmoid) were employed and four landslide susceptibility maps were constructed. Using the prediction rate method, the validation was performed by using landslide locations, which were not utilized during the model building. The validation results showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for landslide susceptibility maps produced by the SVM linear function, SVM polynomial function, SVM radial basic function, and SVM sigmoid function are 0.956, 0.956, 0.952, and 0.945 respectively. It indicates that the four landslide models seem to have performed well. Compared with the logistic regression (AUC =0.938) and Bayesian neural network model (AUC 0.903), the accuracy of the SVM landslide models in this study (using radial basic function and polynomial function) are slightly better. The result shows that SVM is a powerful tool for landslide susceptibility mapping at a regional scale. These maps can be very useful for natural hazards assessment and for land use planning.

Cagno, E & Trianni, A 2012, 'Analysis of the Most Effective Energy Efficiency Opportunities in Manufacturing Primary Metals, Plastics, and Textiles Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises', Journal of Energy Resources Technology, vol. 134, no. 2.
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Governments are pursuing a variety of measures to reach common and more efficient environmental and energetic policies: Nonetheless, the effort has shown to be not sufficient, since the objectives stated in the European Union (EU) Directive 2009/28/EC on energy efficiency seem quite distant to be reached. A greater attention has obviously been paid toward the industrial sector, which utilizes a major share of primary energy consumption: Till now several actions have been taken to achieve the energy performance of buildings, but very few are in operations. Nonetheless, in order to be most effective, governments should focus their attention not only on energy intensive large enterprises (LEs) but also on nonenergy intensive small and medium enterprises (SMEs) that represent the majority of the total number of industries, cover a consistent share of the energy consumption of a whole domestic industrial sector, and are usually less efficient than LEs. This paper aims to highlight the most effective energy savings opportunities (ESOs) for reducing energy consumption in industrial operations that have been successfully implemented in a large number of SMEs case studies investigated in North America and Italy, showing a correspondence (in terms of savings and costs) between the two databases. This paper analyzes the ESOs, characterized by best available technologies and practices (BAT/Ps), with a cross-analysis within three manufacturing sectors, i.e., primary metals, plastics, and textiles, and considering different subsizes among SMEs, in order to show commonalities and differences among the sample. The ESOs have been analyzed and ranked according to different criteria of importance, highlighting the most diffused, those having the highest energy savings, and those with the shortest pay-back time. The scope of the elaboration of these criteria is twofold: on one side, it allows to be closer to the entrepreneurial sensibility, guiding entrepreneurs in...

Cai, Y, Guo, YJ & Bird, TS 2012, 'A Frequency Reconfigurable Printed Yagi-Uda Dipole Antenna for Cognitive Radio Applications', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 60, no. 6, pp. 2905-2912.
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A frequency reconfigurable printed Yagi-Uda antenna is presented for cognitive radio applications. A 46% continuous frequency tuning bandwidth is obtained by loading the driver dipole arms and four directors with varactor diodes. This configuration allows a high-gain and an almost constant end-fire pattern to be maintained while the antenna operating frequency is tuned. A parametric study was undertaken considering the inter-director spacing, director length tapering, and reflector geometry. It was found possible over the band that the front-to-back ratio is > 16 dB, the sidelobe level is < -14 dB and the cross polarization levels in the principal planes are < - 15.5 dB. From 1-dB compression point measurements, the maximum input power of the antenna with the present diodes is limited to 17.6 dBm at 700 MHz. This suggests that reconfigurable antennas which use active components should have an IIP3 specification placed on them. The frequency selective feature of the antenna makes it as an attractive user terminal antenna for fixed point-to-multipoint cognitive radio enabled broadband wireless access. © 2012 IEEE.

Cai, Y, Guo, YJ & Qin, P-Y 2012, 'Frequency Switchable Printed Yagi-Uda Dipole Sub-Array for Base Station Antennas', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 1639-1642.
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A frequency switchable printed Yagi-Uda dipole sub-array is proposed as an array element for base station antennas. The sub-array consists of four Yagi-Uda dipole elements loaded with PIN diodes. The electrical lengths of the director and driven dipole elements can be changed by controlling the PIN diodes states so that the sub-array can operate in two different frequency bands. The impedance bandwidth (|S11|≤ -10dB) is measured to be 4.9% and 12.9% in the lower (from 2.39 to 2.51 GHz) and higher band (from 3.18 to 3.62 GHz), respectively. The measured gain of the sub-array is 9.2 and 11.9 dBi at 2.44 and 3.4 GHz, respectively. The end-fire fan-beam pattern is obtained across the two operation bands, which makes the antenna element suitable for base station application with frequency reconfigurablity.

Cao, L 2012, 'Actionable knowledge discovery and delivery', WIREs Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 149-163.
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AbstractActionable knowledge has been qualitatively and intensively studied in the social sciences. Its marriage with data mining is only a recent story. On the one hand, data mining has been booming for a while and has attracted an increasing variety of increasing applications. On the other, it is a reality that the so‐called knowledge discovered from data by following the classic frameworks often cannot support meaningful decision‐making actions. This shows the poor relationship and significant gap between data mining research and practice, and between knowledge, power, and action, and forms an increasing imbalance between research outcomes and business needs. Thorough and innovative retrospection and thinking are timely in bridging the gaps and promoting data mining toward next‐generation research and development: namely, the paradigm shift from knowledge discovery from data to actionable knowledge discovery and delivery. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This article is categorized under:Application Areas > Data Mining Software ToolsFundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Key Design Issues in Data MiningFundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Motivation and Emergence of Data Mining

Cao, L, Ou, Y & Yu, PS 2012, 'Coupled Behavior Analysis with Applications', IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, vol. 24, no. 8, pp. 1378-1392.
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Coupled behaviors refer to the activities of one to many actors who are associated with each other in terms of certain relationships. With increasing network and community-based events and applications, such as group-based crime and social network interactions, behavior coupling contributes to the causes of eventual business problems. Effective approaches for analyzing coupled behaviors are not available, since existing methods mainly focus on individual behavior analysis. This paper discusses the problem of Coupled Behavior Analysis (CBA) and its challenges. A Coupled Hidden Markov Model (CHMM)-based approach is illustrated to model and detect abnormal group-based trading behaviors. The CHMM models cater for: 1) multiple behaviors from a group of people, 2) behavioral properties, 3) interactions among behaviors, customers, and behavioral properties, and 4) significant changes between coupled behaviors. We demonstrate and evaluate the models on order-book-level stock tick data from a major Asian exchange and demonstrate that the proposed CHMMs outperforms HMM-only for modeling a single sequence or combining multiple single sequences, without considering coupling relationships to detect anomalies. Finally, we discuss interaction relationships and modes between coupled behaviors, which are worthy of substantial study. © 1989-2012 IEEE.

Cao, L, Weiss, G & Yu, PS 2012, 'A brief introduction to agent mining', Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 419-424.
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Agent mining is an emerging interdisciplinary area that integrates multiagent systems, data mining and knowledge discovery, machine learning and other relevant areas. It brings new opportunities to tackling issues in relevant fields more efficiently by e

Casanovas, M & Merigó, JM 2012, 'Fuzzy aggregation operators in decision making with Dempster–Shafer belief structure', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 39, no. 8, pp. 7138-7149.
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Castel, A, Coronelli, D & François, R 2012, 'Response of corroded prestressed beams with bonded strands', Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Structures and Buildings, vol. 165, no. 5, pp. 233-244.
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Deterioration of post-tensioned structures may take place as a consequence of severe environmental conditions or design or construction errors. This paper investigates analytically the effects of corrosion on the structural response of bonded post-tensioned beams. An experimental study on the stress corrosion of prestressing wires is described first, providing data on the steel behaviour. A series of tests on beams taken from the literature is then analysed. The breaking of a part of the wires was caused by artificial corrosion; the beams showed stiffness and strength deterioration as a consequence of further breakages occurring under imposed load. Two different analytical approaches are used: macro finite-element analysis based on the calculation of the cross-section response and non-linear finite-element analysis. The analyses provide the global response and local strain values with the interpretation of the causes of the deterioration of the response.

Castel, A, Vidal, T & François, R 2012, 'Finite-Element Modeling to Calculate the Overall Stiffness of Cracked Reinforced Concrete Beams', Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 138, no. 7, pp. 889-898.
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Çetindamar, D & Günsel, A 2012, 'Measuring the Creativity of a City: A Proposal and an Application', European Planning Studies, vol. 20, no. 8, pp. 1301-1318.
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CETINDAMAR, D & PRETORIUS, MW 2012, 'UNVEILING TM PRACTICES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES', International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, vol. 09, no. 05, pp. 1-8.
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No abstract received.

Cetindamar, D, Gupta, VK, Karadeniz, EE & Egrican, N 2012, 'What the numbers tell: The impact of human, family and financial capital on women and men's entry into entrepreneurship in Turkey', Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, vol. 24, no. 1-2, pp. 29-51.
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Entrepreneurship contributes to economic development in countries worldwide. Entrepreneurial activity is beneficial for both men and women, including those in developing countries. However, men and women may not engage in entrepreneurship to the same extent because of differential access to (various forms of) capital. This study examines the relative importance of three types of capital -- human, family and financial -- in pursuing entrepreneurship. Using data collected in Turkey, we find that regardless of sex, all three forms of capital influence the likelihood of becoming an entrepreneur in varying degrees. Contrary to expectations, the impact of human capital on the likelihood of becoming an entrepreneur is higher for women than men. Data also revealed that family capital facilitates women's entry into entrepreneurship only when family size is very large (i.e. seven or more). No gender differences are observed in the impact of financial capital on the likelihood of becoming an entrepreneur. Findings suggest that to encourage entrepreneurship in Turkey, policy-makers should emphasize access to human and financial capital. Furthermore, findings suggest that women's likelihood of becoming an entrepreneur will be especially encouraged if they have increased access to education, as well as the skills necessary to take advantage of their family capital.

CETINDAMAR, D, WASTI, NS & BEYHAN, B 2012, 'TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES: FACTORS AFFECTING THEIR USAGE AND THEIR IMPACT ON PERFORMANCE', International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, vol. 09, no. 05, pp. 1-17.
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This study investigates which technology management (TM) tools are used in practice, what determines their usage, and whether they affect the user firms' performance. Based on a survey of 52 electronics and machinery firms in Turkey, the study shows there are significant relationships between the number of TM tools and techniques that a firm uses and (i) the hierarchical level of the chief technology officer (CTO) or most senior manager responsible for technology, (ii) his/her field of education, and (iii) the size of the firm. The findings indicate a significant and linear relationship between the extent to which the firms have reached their growth targets and the number of TM tools and techniques used. This relationship is, however, not observed between firm profitability and the number of TM tools and techniques. The findings have important implications for the practice of TM.

Chaczko, Z, Aslanzadeh, S, Jiang, F & Klempous, R 2012, 'The Implementation of 3TZ Model of Software Development', International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications, vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 433-439.
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Abstract This paper presents the concepts and explores issues related to the 3 Time Zones (3TZ) model of software development in global workspace environment. The 3TZ model itself seeks to take advantages of differences in time zones between places around the world. By engaging software development teams in different regions separated by 8 hours each, it is possible for their combined working hours to cover the whole 24 hours period. Thus, while they each work their normal 8 hour days, together they are able to achieve in 1 day what a single team would achieve in 3 days. They are able to achieve this by passing on their work from one team to the next as one finishes their workday and the next team starts their workday. The 3TZ model of software development revolves around the employment of a software development team distributed in at least 3 different locations around the world in 3 different time zones. If work was passed on from one team to the next and adjacent teams were separated by 8 hours, then 24 hours continuous collaborative software development could be achieved. Though this poses many challenges, when dealt with there is great potential for software to be developed much faster than is possible for a single, collocated development team. In the global economy, we have seen a decrease in the barriers towards communication across the globe along with an increase of service availability to support this communication. Software development is one of the disciplines that is capable of effectively utilizing and benefiting from global collaboration prospect lent by ever increasing capability of information and communication technology. 24 hours continuous development is ideal for application towards tasks that have hard deadlines or require work completed as soon as possible. This article will mainly focus on introducing 24/7 global models that can be applied in cloud environment used in three diffe...

Chaczko, Z, Chiu, C, Aslanzadeh, S & Dune, T 2012, 'Sensor-Actor Network Solution for Scalable Ad-hoc Sensor Networks', International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 55-62.
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Sensor-Actor Network Solution for Scalable Ad-hoc Sensor NetworksArchitects of ad-hoc wireless Sensor-Actor Networks (SANETS) face various problems and challenges. The main limitations relate to aspects such as the number of sensor nodes involved, low bandwidth, management of resources and issues related to energy management. In order for these networks to be functionally proficient, the underlying software system must be able to effectively handle unreliable and dynamic distributed communication, power constraints of wireless devices, failure of hardware devices in hostile environments and the remote allocation of distributed processing tasks throughout the wireless network. The solution must be solved in a highly scalable manner. This paper provides the requirements analysis and presents the design of a software system middleware that provides a scalable solution for ad-hoc sensor network infrastructure made of both stationary and mobile sensors and actuators.

Chai, J, Sheng, D, Carter, JP & Zhu, H 2012, 'Coefficient of consolidation from non-standard piezocone dissipation curves', Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 41, pp. 13-22.
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Chan, KY, Yiu, CKF, Dillon, TS, Nordholm, S & Ling, SH 2012, 'Enhancement of Speech Recognitions for Control Automation Using an Intelligent Particle Swarm Optimization', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 869-879.
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For over two decades, speech control mechanisms have been widely applied in manufacturing systems such as factory automation, warehouse automation, and industrial robotic control for over two decades. To implement speech controls, a commercial speech recognizer is used as the interface between users and the automation system. However, users commands are often contaminated by environmental noise which degrades the performance of speech recognition for controlling automation systems. This paper presents a multichannel signal enhancement methodology to improve the performance of commercial speech recognizers. The proposed methodology aims to optimize speech recognition accuracy of a commercial speech recognizer in a noisy environment based on a beamformer, which is developed by an intelligent particle swarm optimization. It overcomes the limitation of the existing signal enhancement approaches whereby the parameters inside commercial speech recognizers are required to be tuned, which is impossible in a real-world situation. Also, it overcomes the limitation of the existing optimization algorithm including gradient descent methods, genetic algorithms and classical particle swarm optimization that are unlikely to develop optimal beamformers for maximizing speech recognition accuracy. The performance of the proposed methodology was evaluated by developing beamformers for a commercial speech recognizer, which was implemented on warehouse automation. Results indicate a signi?cant improvement regarding speech recognition accuracy

Chan, MY, Nguyen, ND, Center, JR, Eisman, JA & Nguyen, TV 2012, 'Absolute Fracture-Risk Prediction by a Combination of Calcaneal Quantitative Ultrasound and Bone Mineral Density', Calcified Tissue International, vol. 90, no. 2, pp. 128-136.
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Abstract Quantitative ultrasound measurement (QUS) and bone mineral density (BMD) have each been shown to predict fracture risk in women. The present study examined whether a combination of QUS and BMD could improve the predictive accuracy of fracture risk. This is a population- based prospective study which involved 454 women and 445 men aged 6289 years. Femoral neck BMD (FNBMD) was measured by DXA and calcaneal QUS was measured as broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) by a CUBA sonometer. Fragility fracture was ascertained by X-ray reports during the follow-up period, which took place between mid-1989 and 2009. During the follow-up period (median 13 years, range 1115), 75 men and 154 women sustained a fragility fracture. In women, the model with FNBMD and BUA had a higher AUC compared to that without BUA (0.73 vs. 0.71 for any fracture, 0.81 vs. 0.77 for hip fracture, and 0.72 vs. 0.70 for vertebral fracture). Reclassification analysis yielded a total net reclassification improvement of 7.3%, 11.1%, and 5.2% for any, hip, and vertebral fractures, respectively. For men, the addition of BUA to FNBMD did not improve the predictive power for any, hip, or vertebral fracture. These results suggest that calcaneal QUS is an independent predictor of fracture risk and that a combination of QUS and BMD measurement could improve the predictive accuracy of fracture risk in elderly women.

Chanan, A, Vigneswaran, S & Kandasamy, J 2012, 'Case study research: training interdisciplinary engineers with context-dependent knowledge', European Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 97-104.
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It is now widely acknowledged that water management discipline is transforming, from being a public health and flood prevention challenge of the nineteenth century to a multi-dimensional challenge of water security for the twenty-first century. In order to train water engineers to be capable of working with this holistic multi-dimensional approach, a new paradigm in engineering education is required. Adjustments already made to undergraduate coursework are not enough; this new paradigm requires modifications to the PhD in engineering, with greater emphasis on interdisciplinary case study research. Such a change can deliver PhD graduates with both sufficient social and technical knowledge, who can then go on to become the hybrid lecturers crucially needed for training future water engineers.

Chang, L, Yu, JX, Qin, L, Cheng, H & Qiao, M 2012, 'The exact distance to destination in undirected world', VLDB JOURNAL, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 869-888.
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Shortest distance queries are essential not only in graph analysis and graph mining tasks but also in database applications, when a large graph needs to be dealt with. Such shortest distance queries are frequently issued by end-users or requested as a subroutine in real applications. For intensive queries on large graphs, it is impractical to compute shortest distances on-line from scratch, and impractical to materialize all-pairs shortest distances. In the literature, 2-hop distance labeling is proposed to index the all-pairs shortest distances. It assigns distance labels to vertices in a large graph in a pre-computing step off-line and then answers shortest distance queries on-line by making use of such distance labels, which avoids exhaustively traversing the large graph when answering queries. However, the existing algorithms to generate 2-hop distance labels are not scalable to large graphs. Finding an optimal 2-hop distance labeling is NP-hard, and heuristic algorithms may generate large size distance labels while still needing to pre-compute all-pairs shortest paths. In this paper, we propose a multi-hop distance labeling approach, which generates a subset of the 2-hop distance labels as index off-line. We can compute the multi-hop distance labels efficiently by avoiding pre-computing all-pairs shortest paths. In addition, our multi-hop distance labeling is small in size to be stored. To answer a shortest distance query between two vertices, we first generate the query-specific small set of 2-hop distance labels for the two vertices based on our multi-hop distance labels stored and compute the shortest distance between the two vertices based on the 2-hop distance labels generated on-line. We conducted extensive performance studies on large real graphs and confirmed the efficiency of our multi-hop distance labeling scheme. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

Cheema, MA, Zhang, W, Lin, X & Zhang, Y 2012, 'Efficiently processing snapshot and continuous reverse k nearest neighbors queries', The VLDB Journal, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 703-728.
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Given a set of objects and a query q, a point p is called the reverse k nearest neighbor (RkNN) of q if q is one of the k closest objects of p. In this paper, we introduce the concept of influence zone that is the area such that every point inside this area is the RkNN of q and every point outside this area is not the RkNN. The influence zone has several applications in location-based services, marketing and decision support systems. It can also be used to efficiently process RkNN queries. First, we present efficient algorithm to compute the influence zone. Then, based on the influence zone, we present efficient algorithms to process RkNN queries that significantly outperform existing best-known techniques for both the snapshot and continuous RkNN queries. We also present a detailed theoretical analysis to analyze the area of the influence zone and IO costs of our RkNN processing algorithms. Our experiments demonstrate the accuracy of our theoretical analysis. This paper is an extended version of our previous work (Cheema et al. in Proceedings of ICDE, pp. 577-588, 2011). We make the following new contributions in this extended version: (1) we conduct a rigorous complexity analysis and show that the complexity of one of our proposed algorithms in Cheema et al. (Proceedings of ICDE, pp. 577-588, 2011) can be reduced from O(m 2) to O(km) where m > k is the number of objects used to compute the influence zone, (2) we show that our techniques can be applied to dimensionality higher than two, and (3) we present efficient techniques to handle data updates. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

Cheema, MA, Zhang, W, Lin, X, Zhang, Y & Li, X 2012, 'Continuous reverse k nearest neighbors queries in Euclidean space and in spatial networks', The VLDB Journal, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 69-95.
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In this paper, we study the problem of continuous monitoring of reverse k nearest neighbors queries in Euclidean space as well as in spatial networks. Existing techniques are sensitive toward objects and queries movement. For example, the results of a query are to be recomputed whenever the query changes its location. We present a framework for continuous reverse k nearest neighbor (RkNN) queries by assigning each object and query with a safe region such that the expensive recomputation is not required as long as the query and objects remain in their respective safe regions. This significantly improves the computation cost. As a byproduct, our framework also reduces the communication cost in client-server architectures because an object does not report its location to the server unless it leaves its safe region or the server sends a location update request. We also conduct a rigid cost analysis for our Euclidean space RkNN algorithm. We show that our techniques can also be applied to answer bichromatic RkNN queries in Euclidean space as well as in spatial networks. Furthermore, we show that our techniques can be extended for the spatial networks that are represented by directed graphs. The extensive experiments demonstrate that our techniques outperform the existing techniques by an order of magnitude in terms of computation cost and communication cost. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.

Chekli, L, Phuntsho, S, Shon, HK, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J & Chanan, A 2012, 'A review of draw solutes in forward osmosis process and their use in modern applications', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 43, no. 1-3, pp. 167-184.
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Forward osmosis (FO) is one of the emerging membrane technologies which has gained renewed interest recently as a low energy desalination process. The central to FO process is the draw solution (DS) and the membrane because both play a substantial role on its performance. Hence, the selection of an appropriate DS is crucial for the process efficiency. Many DS have been tested so far for a wide range of modern applications and this paper aims to review the various aspects of the DS in the process performance and provides valuable information regarding the selection criteria of suitable DS. Several general DS properties such as the osmotic pressure and the water solubility can affect the process performance. Other intrinsic properties to specific novel DS such as the emerging magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) can also have an impact on the process efficiency and have to be evaluated. Separation and recovery of the DS are one of the major challenges facing the development of FO process. The recovery process should not be energy intensive, otherwise the FO process cannot be comparable with other pressure-driven processes. Thermolytic solutions such as ammonia carbonates are considered as the promising DS for desalination applications; however, their recovery process efficiency relies on the availability of low-grade heat. MNPs are emerging and effective DS for desalination and can be readily recovered by a magnetic field or conventional membrane processes. However, the aggregation of MNPs due to their magnetic properties has been issued. The vast numbers of studies on the use of NaCl as DS for the treatment of impaired water open up the possibilities of using seawater or reverse osmosis brine streams as suitable DS for such purpose. Fertilisers were also suggested as DS for seawater and wastewater treatment when the diluted DS can be used directly for irrigation. The development of an adequate and efficient DS coupled with a low-cost energy recovery system is c...

Chen, F, Ruiz, N, Choi, E, Epps, J, Khawaja, MA, Taib, R, Yin, B & Wang, Y 2012, 'Multimodal behavior and interaction as indicators of cognitive load', ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 1-36.
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High cognitive load arises from complex time and safety-critical tasks, for example, mapping out flight paths, monitoring traffic, or even managing nuclear reactors, causing stress, errors, and lowered performance. Over the last five years, our research has focused on using the multimodal interaction paradigm to detect fluctuations in cognitive load in user behavior during system interaction. Cognitive load variations have been found to impact interactive behavior: by monitoring variations in specific modal input features executed in tasks of varying complexity, we gain an understanding of the communicative changes that occur when cognitive load is high. So far, we have identified specific changes in: speech, namely acoustic, prosodic, and linguistic changes; interactive gesture; and digital pen input, both interactive and freeform. As ground-truth measurements, galvanic skin response, subjective, and performance ratings have been used to verify task complexity. The data suggest that it is feasible to use features extracted from behavioral changes in multiple modal inputs as indices of cognitive load. The speech-based indicators of load, based on data collected from user studies in a variety of domains, have shown considerable promise. Scenarios include single-user and team-based tasks; think-aloud and interactive speech; and single-word, reading, and conversational speech, among others. Pen-based cognitive load indices have also been tested with some success, specifically with pen-gesture, handwriting, and freeform pen input, including diagraming. After examining some of the properties of these measurements, we present a multimodal fusion model, which is illustrated with quantitative examples from a case study. The feasibility of employing user input and behavior patterns as indices of cognitive load is supported by experimental evidence. Moreover, symptomatic cues of cognitive load derived ...

Chen, J, Dawkins, H, Ji, Z, Johnston, N, Kribs, D, Shultz, F & Zeng, B 2012, 'Uniqueness of Quantum States Compatible with Given Measurement Results', Phys. Rev. A, vol. 88, no. 1, p. 012109.
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We discuss the uniqueness of quantum states compatible with given results formeasuring a set of observables. For a given pure state, we consider twodifferent types of uniqueness: (1) no other pure state is compatible with thesame measurement results and (2) no other state, pure or mixed, is compatiblewith the same measurement results. For case (1), it is known that for ad-dimensional Hilbert space, there exists a set of 4d-5 observables thatuniquely determines any pure state. We show that for case (2), 5d-7 observablessuffice to uniquely determine any pure state. Thus there is a gap between theresults for (1) and (2), and we give some examples to illustrate this. The caseof observables corresponding to reduced density matrices (RDMs) of amultipartite system is also discussed, where we improve known bounds on localdimensions for case (2) in which almost all pure states are uniquely determinedby their RDMs. We further discuss circumstances where (1) can imply (2). We useconvexity of the numerical range of operators to show that when only twoobservables are measured, (1) always implies (2). More generally, if there is acompact group of symmetries of the state space which has the span of theobservables measured as the set of fixed points, then (1) implies (2). Weanalyze the possible dimensions for the span of such observables. Our resultsextend naturally to the case of low rank quantum states.

Chen, J, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Wei Lin, Z 2012, 'Transient analysis and control of bias magnetic state in the transformer of on-line pulse-width-modulation switching full bridge direct current-direct current converter', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 111, no. 7, pp. 07E709-07E709.
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This paper presents a finite element analysis (FEA) based method for analyzing and controlling the bias magnetic state of the transformer of a pulse-width-modulation (PWM) switching full bridge dc-dc converter. A field-circuit indirect coupling method for predicting the transient bias magnetic state is introduced first. To increase flexibility of the proposed method, a novel transformer model which can address not only its basic input-output characteristic, but also the nonlinear magnetizing inductance, is proposed. Both the asymmetric characteristic and the variable laws of the current flowing through the two secondary windings during the period of PWM switching-off state are highlighted. Finally, the peak magnetizing current controlled method based on the on-line magnetizing current computation is introduced. Analysis results show that this method can address the magnetic saturation at winding ends, and hence many previous difficulties, such as the start-up process and asymmetry of power electronics, can be easily controlled.

Chen, J, Ji, Z, Kribs, DW, Zeng, B & Zhang, F 2012, 'Minimum Entangling Power is Close to Its Maximum', Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical, vol. 52, no. 21.
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Given a quantum gate $U$ acting on a bipartite quantum system, its maximum(average, minimum) entangling power is the maximum (average, minimum)entanglement generation with respect to certain entanglement measure when theinputs are restricted to be product states. In this paper, we mainly focus onthe 'weakest' one, i.e., the minimum entangling power, among all theseentangling powers. We show that, by choosing von Neumann entropy of reduceddensity operator or Schmidt rank as entanglement measure, even the 'weakest'entangling power is generically very close to its maximal possible entanglementgeneration. In other words, maximum, average and minimum entangling powers aregenerically close. We then study minimum entangling power with respect to otherLipschitiz-continuous entanglement measures and generalize our results tomultipartite quantum systems. As a straightforward application, a random quantum gate will almost surely bean intrinsically fault-tolerant entangling device that will always transformevery low-entangled state to near-maximally entangled state.

Chen, J, Ji, Z, Ruskai, MB, Zeng, B & Zhou, D-L 2012, 'Comment on some results of Erdahl and the convex structure of reduced density matrices', JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS, vol. 53, no. 7.
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In J. Math. Phys. 13, 1608-1621 (1972), Erdahl considered the convexstructure of the set of $N$-representable 2-body reduced density matrices inthe case of fermions. Some of these results have a straightforward extension tothe $m$-body setting and to the more general quantum marginal problem. Wedescribe these extensions, but can not resolve a problem in the proof ofErdahl's claim that every extreme point is exposed in finite dimensions.Nevertheless, we can show that when $2m \geq N$ every extreme point of the setof $N$-representable $m$-body reduced density matrices has a unique pre-imagein both the symmetric and anti-symmetric setting. Moreover, this extends to thequantum marginal setting for a pair of complementary $m$-body and $(N-m)$-bodyreduced density matrices.

Chen, P, Wong, L & Li, J 2012, 'Detection of Outlier Residues for Improving Interface Prediction in Protein Heterocomplexes', IEEE-ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 1155-1165.
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Sequence-based understanding and identification of protein binding interfaces is a challenging research topic due to the complexity in protein systems and the imbalanced distribution between interface and noninterface residues. This paper presents an out

Chen, X, Gallucci, J, Campana, C, Huang, Z, Lingam, HK, Shore, SG & Zhao, J-C 2012, 'Anti and gauche conformers of an inorganic butane analogue, NH3BH2NH2BH3', Chemical Communications, vol. 48, no. 64, pp. 7943-7943.
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Chen, X, Lei, G, Yang, G, Shao, KR, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Lavers, JD 2012, 'An Improved Population-Based Incremental Learning Method for Objects Buried in Planar Layered Media', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 1027-1030.
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An evolutionary algorithm, the estimation of distribution algorithm (EDA), is used to reconstruct the objects that buried in planar layered media. It is essential that fast forward solvers be used to solve the forward scattering problem for the nonlinear inverse scattering methods, since it can avoid errors by approximation. The EDA is a predominant all-round optimizing method in the macroscopic simulation of evolution process species of nature. Recent studies have shown that the EDA provides better solution for nonlinear problems than the microscopic evolutionary algorithm, such as genetic algorithm (GA) in some cases. The EDA is simpler, both computationally and theoretically, than the GA. We discuss how this can be used to calculate the permittivity and conductivity of the targets. We show preliminary results indicating the potential of reconstruction for buried objects. Compared with other methods, the experiment result shows that the EDA algorithm reduces the number of iteration.

Chen, X, Lei, G, Yang, G, Shao, KR, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Lavers, JD 2012, 'Using Improved Domain Decomposition Method and Radial Basis Functions to Determine Electromagnetic Fields Near Material Interfaces', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 199-202.
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This paper presents a novel approach for solving problems of electromagnetic fields near material interfaces. This novel approach is based on combination of radial basis functions (RBF) and improved domain decomposition (DD) method. We discuss three radi

Chen, X, Yang, J, Wu, Q, Zhao, J & He, X 2012, 'Directional high-pass filter for blurry image analysis', Signal Processing: Image Communication, vol. 27, no. 7, pp. 760-771.
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High-frequency energy distributions are important characteristics of blurry images. In this paper, directional high-pass filters are proposed to analyze blurry images. Firstly, we show that the proposed directional high-pass filters can effectively estimate the motion direction of motion blurred images. A closed-form solution for motion direction estimation is derived. It achieves a higher estimation accuracy and is also faster than previous methods. Secondly, the paper suggests two important applications of the directional high-frequency energy analysis. It can be employed to identify out-of-focus blur and motion blur, and to detect motion blurred regions in observed images. Experiments on both synthetic and real blurred images are conducted. Encouraging results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed methods. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Chen, X, Zhang, Y, Wang, Y, Zhou, W, Knight, DA, Yisgedu, TB, Huang, Z, Lingam, HK, Billet, B, Udovic, TJ, Brown, GM, Shore, SG, Wolverton, C & Zhao, J-C 2012, 'Structure determination of an amorphous compound AlB4H11', Chemical Science, vol. 3, no. 11, pp. 3183-3183.
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Chen, Z, Ngo, HH & Guo, W 2012, 'A critical review on sustainability assessment of recycled water schemes', SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, vol. 426, pp. 13-31.
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Recycled water provides a viable opportunity to supplement water supplies as well as alleviate environmental loads. To further expand current schemes and explore new recycled water end uses, this study reviews several environmental assessment tools, including Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Material Flow Analysis (MFA) and Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) in terms of their types, characteristics and weaknesses in evaluating the sustainability of recycled water schemes. Due to the limitations in individual models, the integrated approaches are recommended in most cases, of which the outputs could be further combined with additional economic and social assessments in multi-criteria decision making framework. The study also proposes several management strategies in improving the environmental scores. The discussion and suggestions could help decision makers in making a sound judgement as well as recognising the challenges and tasks in the future. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

Chen, Z, Ngo, HH, Guo, WS, Listowski, A, O'Halloran, K, Thompson, M & Muthukaruppan, M 2012, 'Multi-criteria analysis towards the new end use of recycled water for household laundry: A case study in Sydney', SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT, vol. 438, pp. 59-65.
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This paper aims to put forward several management alternatives regarding the application of recycled water for household laundry in Sydney. Based on different recycled water treatment techniques such as microfiltration (MF), granular activated carbon (GAC) or reverse osmosis (RO), and types of washing machines (WMs), five alternatives were proposed as follows: (1) do nothing scenario; (2) MF. +. existing WMs; (3) MF. +. new WMs; (4) MF-GAC. +. existing WMs; and (5) MF-RO. +. existing WMs. Accordingly, a comprehensive quantitative assessment on the trade-off among a variety of issues (e.g., engineering feasibility, initial cost, energy consumption, supply flexibility and water savings) was performed over the alternatives. This was achieved by a computer-based multi-criteria analysis (MCA) using the rank order weight generation together with preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation (PROMETHEE) outranking techniques. Particularly, the generated 10,000 combinations of weights via Monte Carlo simulation were able to significantly reduce the man-made errors of single fixed set of weights because of its objectivity and high efficiency. To illustrate the methodology, a case study on Rouse Hill Development Area (RHDA), Sydney, Australia was carried out afterwards. The study was concluded by highlighting the feasibility of using highly treated recycled water for existing and new washing machines. This could provide a powerful guidance for sustainable water reuse management in the long term. However, more detailed field trials and investigations are still needed to effectively understand, predict and manage the impact of selected recycled water for new end use alternatives. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

Cheng, P, Gui, L, Rui, Y, Guo, YJ, Huang, X & Zhang, W 2012, 'Compressed Sensing Based Channel Estimation for Two-Way Relay Networks', IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 201-204.
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In this letter, a novel channel estimation scheme based on compressed sensing (CS) theory is proposed for two-way relay networks (TWRN) in sparse frequency-selective fading channels. Unlike point-to-point systems, applying CS theory to sparse channel estimation in TWRN is much more challenging since the equivalent channels (terminal-relay-terminal) may be no longer sparse due to the linear convolutional operation. To solve this problem, instead of directly estimating the equivalent channels, a linear precoding based method is designed to firstly separate the individual channels between the terminals and the relay from the equivalent channels. CS theory is then applied to the time-domain channel estimation with much smaller number of pilot symbols. This scheme enables accurate channel estimation for TWRN with significant overhead reduction. Extensive numerical results are provided to substantiate the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2012 IEEE.

Chernin, L, Val, DV & Stewart, MG 2012, 'Prediction of cover crack propagation in RC structures caused by corrosion', Magazine of Concrete Research, vol. 64, no. 2, pp. 95-111.
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The paper proposes a model relating the level of reinforcement corrosion (in terms of loss of rebar radius) with the width of corrosion-induced cracks. The model is developed using a simulation of the process of corrosion-induced crack opening by means of finite-element (FE) modelling. Concrete is treated as a linear elastic material, a vertical crack is introduced above a reinforcing bar and expansive behaviour of corrosion products is modelled using a thermal analogy. Corrosion products are divided into those that penetrate (dissipate) into cracks (no crack propagation) and those that cause crack opening. The amount of corrosion products penetrating into cracks at a specified crack width is evaluated using FE modelling and analyses of experimental results. It was found that a corrosion loss of 0·1–0·4 mm dissipated into the cracks when the crack width was 1·0 mm. The influence of geometric parameters such as rebar diameter, spacing and location, and thickness of top and edge concrete covers were investigated. The limits of applicability of the proposed relationships were established using non-linear FE modelling.

Chiu, T, Gramann, K, Ko, L, Duann, J, Jung, T & Lin, C 2012, 'Alpha modulation in parietal and retrosplenial cortex correlates with navigation performance', Psychophysiology, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 43-55.
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AbstractThe present study investigated the brain dynamics accompanying spatial navigation based on distinct reference frames. Participants preferentially using an allocentric or an egocentric reference frame navigated through virtual tunnels and reported their homing direction at the end of each trial based on their spatial representation of the passage. Task‐related electroencephalographic (EEG) dynamics were analyzed based on independent component analysis (ICA) and subsequent clustering of independent components. Parietal alpha desynchronization during encoding of spatial information predicted homing performance for participants using an egocentric reference frame. In contrast, retrosplenial and occipital alpha desynchronization during retrieval covaried with homing performance of participants using an allocentric reference frame. These results support the assumption of distinct neural networks underlying the computation of distinct reference frames and reveal a direct relationship of alpha modulation in parietal and retrosplenial areas with encoding and retrieval of spatial information for homing behavior.

Chon, K, Cho, J, Shon, HK & Chon, K 2012, 'Advanced characterization of organic foulants of ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis from water reclamation', Desalination, vol. 301, pp. 59-66.
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Organic foulants obtained from ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes of a large scale municipal water reclamation plant were rigorously characterized using conventional and advanced characterization analyses (e.g. pyrolysis and mass spectrometry) in order to identify major constituents of the organic foulants and investigate fouling characteristics in a large scale application of the UF and RO membranes. Although water qualities and characteristics of effluent organic matter in the feed water were slightly changed during the UF membrane, fouling characteristics of the UF and RO membranes used in a large scale municipal water reclamation plant were significantly different according to the type of membranes. Hydrophobic fractions comprising of carboxylic acids and aldehydes strongly contributed to the fouling formation of the UF membrane compared to that of the RO membranes whereas the RO membrane foulants mainly consisted of hydrophilic fractions comprising of amides and alcohols due to the repulsive electrostatic interaction between negatively charged RO membrane surfaces and hydrophobic fractions with a negative charge, indicating that the membrane characteristics could play an important role in the fouling formation of the tested UF and RO membranes. © 2012 Elsevier B.V..

Chon, K, KyongShon, H & Cho, J 2012, 'Membrane bioreactor and nanofiltration hybrid system for reclamation of municipal wastewater: Removal of nutrients, organic matter and micropollutants', Bioresource Technology, vol. 122, pp. 181-188.
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A membrane bioreactor (MBR) and nanofiltration (NF) hybrid system was investigated to demonstrate the performance of treating nitrogen, phosphorus and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in municipal wastewater. With the MBR and NF (molecular weight cut off (MWCO): 210 Da), the concentration of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) was effectively reduced by nitrification by MBR and negatively charged surface of NF (TN: 8.67 mgN/L and TP: 0.46 mgP/L). Biosorption and microbial decomposition in MBR seem to be major removal mechanisms for the removal of PPCPs. Among various parameters affecting the removal of PPCPs by NF, namely, physicochemical properties of the PPCPs (charge characteristics, hydrophobicity and MW) and membranes (MWCO and surface charge), the MWCO effect was found to be the most critical aspect.

Chotiprayanakul, P, Liu, DK & Dissanayake, G 2012, 'Human-robot-environment interaction interface for robotic grit-blasting of complex steel bridges', AUTOMATION IN CONSTRUCTION, vol. 27, pp. 11-23.
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This paper presents a human-robot-environment interaction (HREI) interface using haptic feedback for a grit-blasting robot operating in close proximity to a complex steel bridge structure. The productivity requirements dictate the need for efficient algorithms for mapping, exploration, and collision-free motion planning. While a large portion of the grit-blasting operation can be automated, a tele-operation is essential to deal with some difficult to access sections such as edges, complex corners, and surfaces which can only be approached through hole. A 3-dimensional virtual force field (3D-VF 2) method is developed for capturing the relationship between the robot and its environment. A novel haptic force generation method and a workspace mapping algorithm allow intuitive interaction between the operator and the robot through haptic feedback. The strategies presented are verified in extensive simulations and experiments conducted on a steel bridge with a prototype grit-blasting robot. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

Chu, GML, Lu, DDC & Agelidis, VG 2012, 'Flyback-based high step-up converter with reduced power processing stages', IET Power Electronics, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 349-357.
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Chu, GML, Lu, DDC & Agelidis, VG 2012, 'Practical application of valley current mode control in a flyback converter with a large duty cycle', IET Power Electronics, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 552-552.
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Chuang, S-W, Ko, L-W, Lin, Y-P, Huang, R-S, Jung, T-P & Lin, C-T 2012, 'Co-modulatory spectral changes in independent brain processes are correlated with task performance', NeuroImage, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 1469-1477.
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This study investigates the independent modulators that mediate the power spectra of electrophysiological processes, measured by electroencephalogram (EEG), in a sustained-attention experiment. EEG and behavioral data were collected during 1-2. hour virtual-reality based driving experiments in which subjects were instructed to maintain their cruising position and compensate for randomly induced drift using the steering wheel. Independent component analysis (ICA) applied to 30-channel EEG data separated the recorded EEG signals into a sum of maximally temporally independent components (ICs) for each of 30 subjects. Logarithmic spectra of resultant IC activities were then decomposed by principal component analysis, followed by ICA, to find spectrally fixed and temporally independent modulators (IM). Across subjects, the spectral ICA consistently found four performance-related independent modulators: delta, delta-theta, alpha, and beta modulators that multiplicatively affected the spectra of spatially distinct IC processes when the participants experienced waves of alternating alertness and drowsiness during long-hour simulated driving. The activation of the delta-theta modulator increased monotonically as subjects' task performances decreased. Furthermore, the time courses of the theta-beta modulator were highly correlated with concurrent changes in driving errors across subjects (r = 0.77 ± 0.13). © 2012 Elsevier Inc.

Chun-Wei Seah, Tsang, IW & Yew-Soon Ong 2012, 'Transductive Ordinal Regression', IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, vol. 23, no. 7, pp. 1074-1086.
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Ordinal regression is commonly formulated as a multiclass problem with ordinal constraints. The challenge of designing accurate classifiers for ordinal regression generally increases with the number of classes involved, due to the large number of labeled patterns that are needed. The availability of ordinal class labels, however, is often costly to calibrate or difficult to obtain. Unlabeled patterns, on the other hand, often exist in much greater abundance and are freely available. To take benefits from the abundance of unlabeled patterns, we present a novel transductive learning paradigm for ordinal regression in this paper, namely transductive ordinal regression (TOR). The key challenge of this paper lies in the precise estimation of both the ordinal class label of the unlabeled data and the decision functions of the ordinal classes, simultaneously. The core elements of the proposed TOR include an objective function that caters to several commonly used loss functions casted in transductive settings, for general ordinal regression. A label swapping scheme that facilitates a strictly monotonic decrease in the objective function value is also introduced. Extensive numerical studies on commonly used benchmark datasets including the real-world sentiment prediction problem are then presented to showcase the characteristics and efficacies of the proposed TOR. Further, comparisons to recent state-of-the-art ordinal regression methods demonstrate the introduced transductive learning paradigm for ordinal regression led to the robust and improved performance.

Ciampi, S, Guan, B, Darwish, NA, Zhu, Y, Reece, PJ & Justin Gooding, J 2012, 'A multimodal optical and electrochemical device for monitoring surface reactions: redox active surfaces in porous silicon Rugate filters', Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol. 14, no. 47, pp. 16433-16433.
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Corrêa, MRS, Masia, MJ, Stewart, MG & Heffler, LM 2012, 'An experimental and statistical analysis of the fl exural bond strength of masonry walls', Australian Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 139-148.
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This paper describes an experimental program where full sized clay brick unreinforced masonry walls were constructed by masons with different levels of skills. The flexural bond strength of each joint in each wall was obtained using the bond wrench test. This provided extensive data for a statistical analysis to assess the degree of spatial correlation of that property. The analysis also included a comparison between the fl exural bond strength of joints within the walls and prisms. The study recommended that flexural bond strengths between joints are statistically independent and that the commonly used prisms may not represent adequately the wall. © Institution of Engineers Australia, 2012.

Corrêa, MRS, Masia, MJ, Stewart, MG & Heffler, LM 2012, 'An experimental and statistical analysis of the flexural bond strength for masonry walls', Australian Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 13, no. 2.
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Craig, A, Tran, Y, Wijesuriya, N & Nguyen, H 2012, 'Regional brain wave activity changes associated with fatigue', Psychophysiology, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 574-582.
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AbstractAssessing brain wave activity is a viable strategy for monitoring fatigue when performing tasks such as driving, and numerous studies have been conducted in this area. However, results of a systematic review on changes in brain wave activity associated with fatigue have revealed equivocal findings. This study investigated brain wave activity associated with fatigue in 48 nonprofessional healthy drivers as they participated in a simulated driving task until they fatigued. The results showed that as a person fatigues, slow wave activity increased over the entire cortex, in theta and in alpha 1 and 2 bands, while no significant changes were found in delta wave activity. Substantial increases also occurred in fast wave activity, though mostly in frontal sites. The results suggest that as a person fatigues, the brain loses capacity and slows its activity, and that attempts to maintain vigilance levels lead to increased beta activity.

Crowther, CA, Hague, WM, Middleton, PF, Baghurst, PA, McPhee, AJ, Tran, TS, Yelland, LN, Ashwood, P, Han, S, Dodd, JM & Robinson, JS 2012, 'The IDEAL study: investigation of dietary advice and lifestyle for women with borderline gestational diabetes: a randomised controlled trial - study protocol', BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, vol. 12, no. 1.
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Dallo, YAH & Wang, Y 2012, 'Discussion of “Assessing the Potential of Internal Erosion and Suffusion of Granular Soils” by Buddhima Indraratna, Vo Trong Nguyen, and Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 138, no. 6, pp. 772-773.
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Daniel, S 2012, 'Satisficing in survey design', Contemporary Approaches to Research in Mathematics, Science, Health and Environmental Education.

Das Gupta, M, Loganathan, P & Vigneswaran, S 2012, 'Adsorptive Removal of Nitrate and Phosphate from Water by a Purolite Ion Exchange Resin and Hydrous Ferric Oxide Columns in Series', SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 47, no. 12, pp. 1785-1792.
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Elevated concentrations of nitrate and phosphate in surface and ground waters can lead to eutrophication, and nitrate can also cause health hazards to humans. The adsorption process is generally considered to be an efficient technique in removing these ions provided that the adsorbent is highly selective for these ions. Removal of nitrate and phosphate from a synthetic water (50 mg N/L as nitrate, 15 mg P/L as phosphate) and a wastewater (12.9 mg N/L as nitrate, 5.9 mg P/L as phosphate) using a Purolite A500P anion exchange resin and a hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) columns (60 cm height, 2 cm diameter, flow rate 1 m/h) in series containing 1-10% (w/w) of these adsorbents and the remainder anthracite (90-99%) were studied. Data from batch adsorption experiment at various concentrations of adsorbents satisfactorily fitted to Langmuir adsorption isotherm for nitrate and phosphate on Purolite with adsorption maxima of 64 mg N/g and 7 mg P/g and only for phosphate on HFO with adsorption maxima of 14 mg P/g. Both batch and column experiments showed that Purolite selectively removed nitrate and HFO selectively removed phosphate. The Purolite column BTC time was greater for nitrate than for phosphate. At the highest percentage by weight of Purolite almost all nitrate was removed in batch study and up to 1000 min in column study, but it was not able to remove a comparatively high percentage of phosphate. However, when the effluent from the Purolite column was passed through the HFO column almost all phosphate was removed. The two columns when set up in series also removed almost all nitrate and phosphate from the wastewater. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

Datta, N, Hsieh, M-H, Wilde, MM & Winter, A 2012, 'Quantum-to-classical rate distortion coding', Journal of Mathematical Physics, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 042201-17.
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We establish a theory of quantum-to-classical rate distortion coding. In thissetting, a sender Alice has many copies of a quantum information source. Hergoal is to transmit classical information about the source, obtained byperforming a measurement on it, to a receiver Bob, up to some specified levelof distortion. We derive a single-letter formula for the minimum rate ofclassical communication needed for this task. We also evaluate this rate in thecase in which Bob has some quantum side information about the source. Ourresults imply that, in general, Alice's best strategy is a non-classical one,in which she performs a collective measurement on successive outputs of thesource.

David 2012, 'A New Cooperative Algorithm Based on PSO and K-Means for Data Clustering', Journal of Computer Science, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 188-194.
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de Bock, CE, Ardjmand, A, Molloy, TJ, Bone, SM, Johnstone, D, Campbell, DM, Shipman, KL, Yeadon, TM, Holst, J, Spanevello, MD, Nelmes, G, Catchpoole, DR, Lincz, LF, Boyd, AW, Burns, GF & Thorne, RF 2012, 'The Fat1 cadherin is overexpressed and an independent prognostic factor for survival in paired diagnosis–relapse samples of precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia', Leukemia, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 918-926.
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Improved survival of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has emerged from identifying new prognostic markers; however, 20% of children still suffer recurrence. Previously, the altered expression of Fat1 cadherin has been implicated in a number of solid tumors. In this report, in vitro analysis shows that Fat1 protein is expressed by a range of leukemia cell lines, but not by normal peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) cells from healthy donors. In silico analysis of expression of array data from clinical leukemias found significant levels of Fat1 transcript in 11% of acute myeloid leukemia, 29% and 63% of ALL of B and T lineages, respectively, and little or no transcript present in normal PB or BM. Furthermore, in two independent studies of matched diagnosis-relapse of precursor B-cell (preB) ALL pediatric samples (n32 and n27), the level of Fat1 mRNA expression was prognostic at the time of diagnosis. High Fat1 mRNA expression was predictive of shorter relapse-free and overall survival, independent of other traditional prognostic markers, including white blood cell count, sex and age. The data presented demonstrate that Fat1 expression in preB-ALL has a role in the emergence of relapse and could provide a suitable therapeutic target in high-risk preB-ALL. © 2012 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved.

De La Poype, A-L & Sood, S 2012, 'Public Sphere Dialogue in Online Newspapers and Social Spaces: The Nuclear Debate in Post Fukushima France', Public Communication Review, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 30-47.
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The meltdown at the Japanese Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (March 2011) provided a trigger to contribute this research about the ways in which French newspapers facilitate (or not) a public dialogue on the issue of nuclear energy. Nuclear power not only generates over 75% of the electricity in France but also sustains a healthy domestic job creation program and drives nuclear technology exports. Hence, the absence of public debate amongst the French in nuclear energy over the long term is not surprising. Against this backdrop of French nuclear interests and post Fukushima, this paper presents a French language computer-mediated discourse analysis on nuclear debates and discussions taking place online in the hybrid public sphere. This space straddles user-generated content in the public comment spaces of newspapers embracing the spectrum of political persuasions (Le Figaro, Le Monde and Liberation) and social media. Qualitative and quantitative research methods uncover citizen interactions within the online public sphere comprising newspapers. Findings illuminate the progress of deliberations on nuclear power in online newspapers following a process of agenda setting through news stories, providing space for public dialogue and the digital curating of social media commentary. Furthermore, the research reveals the relevance of the Habermasian public sphere concept within the context of online newspapers. Key learning for the role of the media in fostering the democratic process using social media and insights for the political communications landscape within the context of the nuclear debate compliment the research.

Dear, RD, Burnham, DR, Summers, MD, McGloin, D & Ritchie, GAD 2012, 'Single aerosol trapping with an annular beam: improved particle localisation', Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol. 14, no. 45, pp. 15826-15826.
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Delgado-Ramos, F & Poyatos, JM 2012, 'Discussion of “Assessing the Potential of Internal Erosion and Suffusion of Granular Soils” by Buddhima Indraratna, Vo Trong Nguyen, and Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 138, no. 6, pp. 773-775.
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Deng, W & Goldys, EM 2012, 'Plasmonic Approach to Enhanced Fluorescence for Applications in Biotechnology and the Life Sciences', Langmuir, vol. 28, no. 27, pp. 10152-10163.
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Devitt, SJ, Stephens, AM, Munro, WJ & Nemoto, K 2012, 'Requirements for fault-tolerant factoring on an atom-optics quantum computer', Nature (communications) 4, 2524 (2013), vol. 4.
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Quantum information processing and its associated technologies has reached aninteresting and timely stage in their development where many differentexperiments have been performed establishing the basic building blocks. Thechallenge moving forward is to scale up to larger sized quantum machinescapable of performing tasks not possible today. This raises a number ofinteresting questions like: How big will these machines need to be? how manyresources will they consume? This needs to be urgently addressed. Here weestimate the resources required to execute Shor's factoring algorithm on adistributed atom-optics quantum computer architecture. We determine the runtimeand requisite size of the quantum computer as a function of the problem sizeand physical error rate. Our results suggest that once experimental accuracyreaches levels below the fault-tolerant threshold, further optimisation ofcomputational performance and resources is largely an issue of how thealgorithm and circuits are implemented, rather than the physical quantumhardware

Ding, F, Han, X, Luo, Z & Zhang, N 2012, 'Modelling and characteristic analysis of tri-axle trucks with hydraulically interconnected suspensions', Vehicle System Dynamics, vol. 50, no. 12, pp. 1877-1904.
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In this paper, a new hydraulically interconnected suspension (HIS) system is proposed for the implementation of a resistance control for the pitch and bounce modes of tri-Axle heavy trucks. A lumped-mass half-truck model is established using the free-body diagram method. The equations of motion of a mechanical and hydraulic coupled system are developed by incorporating the hydraulic strut forces into the mechanical subsystem as externally applied forces. The transfer matrix method (TMM) is used to evaluate the impedance matrix of the hydraulic subsystem consisting of models of fluid pipes, damper valves, accumulators, and three-way junctions. The TMM is further applied to find the quantitative relationships between the hydraulic strut forces and boundary flow of the mechanical-fluid interactive subsystem. The modal analysis method is employed to perform the vibration analysis between the trucks with the conventional suspension and the proposed HIS. Comparison analysis focuses on free vibration with identified eigenvalues and eigenvectors, isolation vibration capacity, and force vibration in terms of the power spectrum density responses. The obtained results show the effectiveness of the proposed HIS system in reducing the pitch motion of sprung mass and simultaneously maintaining the ride comfort. The pitch stiffness is increased while the bounce stiffness is slightly softened. The peak values of sprung mass and wheel hop motions are greatly reduced, and the vibration decay rate of sprung mass is also significantly increased. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

Ding, GKC, Ge, JX & Phillips, P 2012, 'Cradle-to-Gate Analysis of Materials Used in Historic and Modern Housing in China', Advanced Materials Research, vol. 374-377, pp. 2029-2036.
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Climate change and energy efficiency are some of the most pressing issues facing China today. With its economic growth since the economic reforms in 1978 the government has struggled to contain environmental damage and social strife related to the economy’s rapid transformation. With the rapid growth in population and urbanization the demand for housings escalated and thus existing houses are under threat of being demolished to make way for new construction. However there was a strong debate that existing houses should be maintained and upgraded instead of demolishing for new development as improvements to energy and water efficiency of existing homes can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and decrease utility bills. This paper aims at reviewing the importance of existing houses and their environmental significance in conservation as opposed to demolition. This paper presents and discusses the preliminary results for the first two stages of a research project undertaken at the University of Technology Sydney to investigate environmental performance of historic housings in Xiao He Zhi Jie in Hangzhou, China.

Doss, R, Zhou, W, Sundaresan, S, Yu, S & Gao, L 2012, 'A minimum disclosure approach to authentication and privacy in RFID systems', Computer Networks, vol. 56, no. 15, pp. 3401-3416.
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Dovey, K & Mooney, G 2012, 'Leadership practices in the generation and deployment of intangible capital resources for innovation', International Journal of Learning and Intellectual Capital, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 295-295.
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This paper explores the practices underpinning an enterprise's ability to generate and deploy intangible capital in support of its strategic intent to innovate. Drawing on two research projects, we focus upon enterprises that are able to innovatively leverage the intangible capital resources that are potentially available to them. Using a phenomenological methodology, one project explores at a high level the social dynamics within 25 medium-sized enterprises noted for their innovative capabilities in Sydney, Australia. The other project explores in finer detail, through an action research methodology, the transformation of stakeholder relationships within another Sydney-based medium-sized enterprise that has become highly innovative over the past five years. Our findings show that the most important forms of intangible capital for innovation are relationship-based and are leveraged through stakeholder collaboration. Copyright © 2012 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Droste, M, Hasselmann, VR & Deuse, J 2012, 'Optimization of in-plant milkrun systems: Development of a parameter-based model to optimize the provision of materials', Productivity Management, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 25-28.
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This paper introduces a parameter-based model which supports the planning and adjustment of an efficient and ergonomic material provision system based on in-plant milkrun. The holistic approach establishes a new methodology in planning and dimensioning of production logistics which integrates elements from consignment, storage, time management and ergonomics into a modeling tool that fulfills the requirements of today's lean production systems. © GITO Verlag.

Dupuis, F, Szehr, O & Tomamichel, M 2012, 'A decoupling approach to classical data transmission over quantum channels', IEEE Trans. on Inf. Theory, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 1562-1572.
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Most coding theorems in quantum Shannon theory can be proven using thedecoupling technique: to send data through a channel, one guarantees that theenvironment gets no information about it; Uhlmann's theorem then ensures thatthe receiver must be able to decode. While a wide range of problems can besolved this way, one of the most basic coding problems remains impervious to adirect application of this method: sending classical information through aquantum channel. We will show that this problem can, in fact, be solved usingdecoupling ideas, specifically by proving a 'dequantizing' theorem, whichensures that the environment is only classically correlated with the sent data. Our techniques naturally yield a generalization of theHolevo-Schumacher-Westmoreland Theorem to the one-shot scenario, where aquantum channel can be applied only once.

Eager, DM & Little, H 2012, 'A new Standard for children's space nets', Journal Institute of Public Works Engineering Australia, vol. April/May, pp. 20-22.

Eastwood, M & Gabrys, B 2012, 'Generalised bottom-up pruning: A model level combination of decision trees', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 39, no. 10, pp. 9150-9158.
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Ekpenyong, UE, Zhang, J & Xia, X 2012, 'An improved robust model for generator maintenance scheduling', Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 92, pp. 29-36.
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El Saliby, I, Okour, Y, Shon, HK, Kandasamy, J, Lee, WE & Kim, J-H 2012, 'TiO2 nanoparticles and nanofibres from TiCl4 flocculated sludge: Characterisation and photocatalytic activity', Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 1033-1038.
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In this study, dye and secondary effluent wastewaters were used to generate a non-hazardous sludge. Anatase TiO2 nanoparticles have been successfully synthesised from the calcination of the TiCl4 flocculated sludge. A conventional hydrothermal method was adopted to produce anatase nanofibres (calcined at 600 8C) from TiO2 nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy investigations showed the highly crystalline nanoparticles and nanofibres after calcination. The size of nanofibres was related to the size of their nanoparticles precursors. Nanoparticles had larger surface area than nanofibres, lower pore volume and bigger pore diameter. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis revealed that impurities can be successfully removed by a subsequent hydrothermal/acid wash of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles had better overall photocatalytic activity for the degradation of organics in synthetic wastewater compared to nanofibres. On the other hand, nanofibres had a better adsorption capacity.

El Saliby, I, Shahid, M, McDonagh, A, Shon, HK & Kim, J-H 2012, 'Photodesorption of organic matter from titanium dioxide particles in aqueous media', Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 1774-1780.
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Photo-induced desorption of organic compounds from TiO2 particles in aqueous media during photocatalysis has promising applications in water treatment. Photodesorption is a relatively fast phenomenon that facilitates the regeneration of photocatalysts with low energy consumption while concentrating the waste products in an energy and water efficient process. We propose that this transport phenomenon involves a significantly reduced affinity between the photocatalyst and pollutants upon UV illumination, and leads to the rapid detachment/decomposition of adsorbed pollutants. In this study, we report the effect of experimental conditions (pH, photocatalyst loading, organic loading, UV light irradiation and flow rate) on this phenomenon in a recirculating photocatalysis continuous reactor. Initially, organic compounds were allowed to adsorb on the surface of the photocatalyst (Degussa P25) until adsorption equilibrium was achieved. The photodesorption phenomenon was observed shortly after UVlight illumination of TiO2 but before the bulk photocatalytic oxidation takes place. The pH of the solution was found to affect both the adsorption and the desorption percentages revealing the role of particle charge on this phenomenon. Additionally, a 1 g/L loading of photocatalyst showed an optimum photodesorption rate using a single strength synthetic wastewater at pH 7.

Ellis, J, Goodswen, S, Kennedy, PJ & Bush, S 2012, 'The Core Mouse Response to Infection by Neospora Caninum Defined by Gene Set Enrichment Analyses', Bioinformatics and Biology Insights, vol. 6, pp. BBI.S9954-BBI.S9954.
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In this study, the BALB/c and Qs mouse responses to infection by the parasite Neospora caninum were investigated in order to identify host response mechanisms. Investigation was done using gene set (enrichment) analyses of microarray data. GSEA, MANOVA, Romer, subGSE and SAM-GS were used to study the contrasts Neospora strain type, Mouse type (BALB/c and Qs) and time post infection (6 hours post infection and 10 days post infection). The analyses show that the major signal in the core mouse response to infection is from time post infection and can be defined by gene ontology terms Protein Kinase Activity, Cell Proliferation and Transcription Initiation. Several terms linked to signaling, morphogenesis, response and fat metabolism were also identified. At 10 days post infection, genes associated with fatty acid metabolism were identified as up regulated in expression. The value of gene set (enrichment) analyses in the analysis of microarray data is discussed.

Ellison, P, Tipper, JL, Jennings, LM & Fisher, J 2012, 'Biological activity of polyethylene wear debris produced in the patellofemoral joint', Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine, vol. 226, no. 5, pp. 377-383.
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Polyethylene wear is considered a threat to the long term survival of total knee replacements. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution that resurfacing the patella makes to wear debris-induced osteolysis following total knee replacement. Ultra-high molecular-weight polyethylene wear particles were isolated from simulator lubricant. Particle shape, size, and volume distributions were recorded allowing the osteolytic potential of the wear debris produced in the patellofemoral joint to be estimated using the concept of specific biological activity and functional biological activity. Values were compared with those reported for the tibiofemoral joint. Specific biological activity for the patellofemoral joint was not significantly different from the values for the tibiofemoral joint of total knee replacement devices, and therefore, has a similar potential to stimulate osteolytic cytokine release from macrophages. Functional biological activity was significantly lower for the patellofemoral joint compared with the tibiofemoral joint. Functional biological activity was significantly lower for the patellofemoral joint compared with the fixed bearing and rotating platform total knee replacement devices. However, as patellar resurfacing is commonly fitted as part of a total knee replacement system, this results in a 20% increase in overall functional biological activity for the system. Therefore, implanting a patellar resurfacing will increase the potential for osteolysis in the knee.

Engels, B, Jannot, G, Remenyi, J, Simard, MJ & Hutvagner, G 2012, 'Polypyrimidine Tract Binding Protein (hnRNP I) Is Possibly a Conserved Modulator of miRNA-Mediated Gene Regulation', PLoS ONE, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. e33144-e33144.
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MiRNAs can regulate gene expression through versatile mechanisms that result in increased or decreased expression of the targeted mRNA and it could effect the expression of thousands of protein in a particular cell. An increasing body of evidence suggest that miRNAs action can be modulated by proteins that bind to the same 3′UTRs that are targeted by miRNAs, suggesting that other factors apart from miRNAs and their target sites determine miRNA-modulation of gene expression. We applied an affinity purification protocol using biotinylated let-7 miRNA inhibitor to isolate proteins that are involved in let-7 mediated gene regulation that resulted in an affinity purification of Polypyrimidine Tract Binding protein (PTB). Here we show that PTB interacts with miRNAs and human Argonaute 2 (hAgo2) through RNA as well as identified potential mammalian cellular targets that are co-regulated by PTB and hAgo2. In addition, using genetic approach, we have demonstrated that PTB genetically interacts with Caenorhabditis elegans let-7 indicating a conserved role for PTB in miRNA-mediated gene regulation. © 2012 Engels et al.

Erfani, SZ, Akhgar, B, Taghvaie, SM & Estiri, F 2012, 'Presenting a Model for Increasing Productivity in Hydropower Plants by Identifying Organizational Complications', Applied Mechanics and Materials, vol. 197, pp. 734-739.
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The present economical conditions on today’s world require specific point of view and policy making in business agencies. In this competitive world to achieve competence, competitive advantages in order to better governance, organizations need to increase their competitive powers through increasing productivity. One of the fundamental approaches to enhance the productivity level is first identifying the organizational complications then finding solution and implementing the solutions. To shed light on recognizing the firm’s complications and recoverable areas in the business agencies the authors were benefited from the concept of critical factors of success and social capital affect on inter-firm relationships then an empirical model by taking advantage of Deming Continue improvement model was presented. In order to verify and validate the performed research the planned model was accomplished in the Iran hydropower plants. Positive and acceptable results were obtained hydropower complications were identified and removed as well, organizations total factors of productivity improved.

Erkmen, RE, Bradford, MA & Crews, K 2012, 'Variational multiscale approach to enforce perfect bond in multiple-point constraint applications when forming composite beams', COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 617-628.
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Composite laminates that consist of two or more layers find widespread applications in a variety of engineering structures. In the computational modelling of composite laminates, the layers can be stacked together and connected conveniently at the nodes by usingmultiple-point constraints (MPCs). However, this type of modelling leads to weakening of the kinematic constraint conditions imposed by the bond between the juxtaposed layers and as a consequence, MPCs application at the nodes produces behaviour that is softer than the perfectly bonded composite beam behaviour. The work herein shows that when kinematic conditions for composite action are weakly imposed in the variational form, they can be enforced in the point-wise sense by proper selection of the interpolation field or otherwise reinforced by using variational multiscale approach without modifying the kinematic model. The originality of the approach presented herein is in the interpretation of the MPCs application as the solution in a superfluously extended space because of the weakening in the kinematic constraints. It is shown that the perfect bond between the composite beam layers can be recovered by excluding the identified fine-scale effect from the solution of the multiple point constraint application. The convergence characteristic of the finite element formulation is also improved by using the variational multi-scale approach. It is also shown that the fine-scale effects can be represented by using extra fictitious elements and springs, which offers a direct correction technique in modelling of composite beams that is especially useful when access to the numerical procedure is limited.

Estrada, K, Styrkarsdottir, U, Evangelou, E, Hsu, Y-H, Duncan, EL, Ntzani, EE, Oei, L, Albagha, OME, Amin, N, Kemp, JP, Koller, DL, Li, G, Liu, C-T, Minster, RL, Moayyeri, A, Vandenput, L, Willner, D, Xiao, S-M, Yerges-Armstrong, LM, Zheng, H-F, Alonso, N, Eriksson, J, Kammerer, CM, Kaptoge, SK, Leo, PJ, Thorleifsson, G, Wilson, SG, Wilson, JF, Aalto, V, Alen, M, Aragaki, AK, Aspelund, T, Center, JR, Dailiana, Z, Duggan, DJ, Garcia, M, Garcia-Giralt, N, Giroux, S, Hallmans, G, Hocking, LJ, Husted, LB, Jameson, KA, Khusainova, R, Kim, GS, Kooperberg, C, Koromila, T, Kruk, M, Laaksonen, M, Lacroix, AZ, Lee, SH, Leung, PC, Lewis, JR, Masi, L, Mencej-Bedrac, S, Nguyen, TV, Nogues, X, Patel, MS, Prezelj, J, Rose, LM, Scollen, S, Siggeirsdottir, K, Smith, AV, Svensson, O, Trompet, S, Trummer, O, van Schoor, NM, Woo, J, Zhu, K, Balcells, S, Brandi, ML, Buckley, BM, Cheng, S, Christiansen, C, Cooper, C, Dedoussis, G, Ford, I, Frost, M, Goltzman, D, González-Macías, J, Kähönen, M, Karlsson, M, Khusnutdinova, E, Koh, J-M, Kollia, P, Langdahl, BL, Leslie, WD, Lips, P, Ljunggren, Ö, Lorenc, RS, Marc, J, Mellström, D, Obermayer-Pietsch, B, Olmos, JM, Pettersson-Kymmer, U, Reid, DM, Riancho, JA, Ridker, PM, Rousseau, F, lagboom, PES, Tang, NLS, Urreizti, R, Van Hul, W, Viikari, J, Zarrabeitia, MT, Aulchenko, YS, Castano-Betancourt, M, Grundberg, E, Herrera, L, Ingvarsson, T, Johannsdottir, H, Kwan, T, Li, R, Luben, R, Medina-Gómez, C, Th Palsson, S, Reppe, S, Rotter, JI, Sigurdsson, G, van Meurs, JBJ, Verlaan, D, Williams, FMK, Wood, AR, Zhou, Y, Gautvik, KM, Pastinen, T, Raychaudhuri, S, Cauley, JA, Chasman, DI, Clark, GR, Cummings, SR, Danoy, P, Dennison, EM, Eastell, R, Eisman, JA, Gudnason, V, Hofman, A, Jackson, RD, Jones, G, Jukema, JW, Khaw, K-T, Lehtimäki, T, Liu, Y, Lorentzon, M, McCloskey, E, Mitchell, BD, Nandakumar, K, Nicholson, GC, Oostra, BA, Peacock, M, Pols, HAP, Prince, RL, Raitakari, O, Reid, IR, Robbins, J, Sambrook, PN, Sham, PC, Shuldiner, AR, Tylavsky, FA, van Duijn, CM, Wareham, NJ, Cupples, LA, Econs, MJ, Evans, DM, Harris, TB, Kung, AWC, Psaty, BM, Reeve, J, Spector, TD, Streeten, EA, Zillikens, MC, Thorsteinsdottir, U, Ohlsson, C, Karasik, D, Richards, JB, Brown, MA, Stefansson, K, Uitterlinden, AG, Ralston, SH, Ioannidis, JPA, Kiel, DP & Rivadeneira, F 2012, 'Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 56 bone mineral density loci and reveals 14 loci associated with risk of fracture', Nature Genetics, vol. 44, no. 5, pp. 491-501.
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Bone mineral density (BMD) is the most widely used predictor of fracture risk. We performed the largest meta-analysis to date on lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD, including 17 genome-wide association studies and 32,961 individuals of European and east Asian ancestry. We tested the top BMD-associated markers for replication in 50,933 independent subjects and for association with risk of low-trauma fracture in 31,016 individuals with a history of fracture (cases) and 102,444 controls. We identified 56 loci (32 new) associated with BMD at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10 -8). Several of these factors cluster within the RANK-RANKL-OPG, mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, endochondral ossification and Wnt signaling pathways. However, we also discovered loci that were localized to genes not known to have a role in bone biology. Fourteen BMD-associated loci were also associated with fracture risk (P < 5 × 10 -4, Bonferroni corrected), of which six reached P < 5 × 10 -8, including at 18p11.21 (FAM210A), 7q21.3 (SLC25A13), 11q13.2 (LRP5), 4q22.1 (MEPE), 2p16.2 (SPTBN1) and 10q21.1 (DKK1). These findings shed light on the genetic architecture and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying BMD variation and fracture susceptibility. © 2012 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.

Faber, JP & van den Hoven, E 2012, 'MARBOWL: increasing the fun experience of shooting marbles', PERSONAL AND UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 391-404.
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This paper focuses on the old school game of shooting marbles. We investigate which aspects of this tangible game make it popular and show how experienced fun can increase by elaborating such aspects through an iterative design process. A questionnaire and field study, tailored to the user group of primary school children aged 9-12 years old, revealed that aspects within areas of physical control, surface of the playground, opponent, and stakes of the game had the biggest influence on the fun experience of shooting marbles. A gameflow model and fun toolkit were used to improve the game in these respective areas. This resulted in a moving marble hole entitled Marbowl: a tangible marble game that augments existing game aspects such as timing, distance, surface, and other physical and environmental influences. A working prototype was field tested with 24 children at a primary school. Results show that different gameflow areas like concentration needed, playability, difficulty to win the game, and amount of challenge, increased in a positive way. Together these findings concluded that compared with the original marble game, children experienced a higher level of fun while playing with Marbowl.

Fallah, N & Mousavi, M 2012, 'An inverse approach for the calculation of flexibility coefficient of open-side cracks in beam type structures', Structural Engineering and Mechanics, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 285-297.
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Fatahi, B, Basack, S, Premananda, S & Khabbaz, H 2012, 'Settlement prediction and back analysis of Young's modulus and dilation angle of stone columns', Australian Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 67-80.
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Ground improvement using stone columns is one of the most suitable methods for deformation control of soft soils. The use of stone columns can improve the bearing capacity, reduce settlement, accelerate consolidation process and enhance slope stability as ivell as resistance to liquefaction. Settlement prediction of the ground influenced by the large stiffness difference between the columns and the surrounding soil and the induced arching is discussed in this paper. Plate load test is one of the common methods to be used for quality control of stone column reinforced ground. The test results can be used to back calculate some of the design parameters of the stone column. A finite element based procedure to estimate the Young's modulus and dilation angle o f stone column material using plate load test residts is proposed. The employed finite element model is axisymmetric and suitable for a cylindrical stone column. The field measurements after calibration have been in good agreement with numerical results for predicting deformations. The procedure developed in this study can be adopted by practicing engineers to estimate the Young's modulus and dilation angle of stone columns by conducting a plate load test. © Institution of Engineers Australia, 2012.

Fatahi, B, Khabbaz, H & Fatahi, B 2012, 'Mechanical characteristics of soft clay treated with fibre and cement', GEOSYNTHETICS INTERNATIONAL, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 252-262.
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In this study, the influence of three types of fibre - polypropylene, recycled carpet and steel - on the mechanical properties of cement-treated clay is investigated. Cement-treated clay specimens were prepared with cement contents of 5%, 10% and 15% by weight of dry soil, and cured for 14 days. To investigate and understand the influence of different fibre types and contents, three different percentages of fibre content were adopted. The results of unconfined compression tests on 90 cylindrical samples of cement-treated clay with varied cement and fibre contents are analysed to discern the relationships between these parameters and the key mechanical properties, including unconfined compressive strength and stiffness of treated soil. Furthermore, indirect tension test results of a further 90 treated soil samples have been used to determine the influence of fibre and cement content on the tensile strength of the treated soil. The fibre reinforcement increases the peak compressive strength. The addition of fibres increases the residual strength and changes the brittle behaviour of the cement-treated clay to that of a more ductile material. The tensile strength of the cement-treated clay is increased by adding carpet and steel fibres, but small quantities of polypropylene fibres do not influence the tensile strength. © 2012 Thomas Telford Ltd.

Fatahi, B, Le, TM & Khabbaz, H 2012, 'Effects of initial stress state on performance of embankments on soft soils', Australian Geomechanics Journal, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 77-88.
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Analysing the behaviour of soft soil under embankment loads is a challenging task for geotechnical engineers. This numerical study revisits the case study of an embankment constructed on Boston Blue Clay, considering the model incorporating the influence of soil creep on the ground lateral deformation and pore water pressure. Then a numerical parametric study is conducted to investigate the influence of the lateral earth pressure coefficient at rest (K0) calculated based on the different available correlations on the vertical and horizontal displacements, pore water pressures, and the factor of safety of the embankment. The results indicate that although the value of Ko influences the predicted horizontal and vertical displacements notably, it has minor effects on the predicted pore water pressures. The lateral earth pressure coefficient influences the long term stability of the embankment and thus the effects of the initial stress field on the stability of embankments should be taken into consideration, while assessing the performance of embankments constructed on soft soils. It is recommended to determine the in situ horizontal stresses using accurate methods such as self-boring pressuremeter to predict the behaviour of embankments on the soft ground precisely.

Feng, Y, Duan, R & Ying, M 2012, 'Bisimulation for Quantum Processes', ACM TRANSACTIONS ON PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES AND SYSTEMS, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 1-43.
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Quantum cryptographic systems have been commercially available, with a striking advantage over classical systems that their security and ability to detect the presence of eavesdropping are provable based on the principles of quantum mechanics. On the oth

Feng, Y, Xiao, J, Zha, Z-J, Zhang, H & Yang, Y 2012, 'Active learning for social image retrieval using Locally Regressive Optimal Design.', Neurocomputing, vol. 95, pp. 54-59.
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In this paper, we propose a novel active learning algorithm, called Locally Regressive Optimal Design (LROD), to improve the effectiveness of relevance feedback-based social image retrieval. Our algorithm assumes that for each data point, the label values of both this data point and its neighbors can be well estimated using a locally regressive function. Specifically, we adopt a local linear regression model to predict the label value of each data point in a local patch. The regularized local model predication error of the local patch is defined as our local loss function. Then, a unified objective function is proposed to minimize the summation of these local loss functions over all the data points, so that an optimal predicated label value can be assigned to each data point. Finally, we embed it into a semi-supervised learning framework to construct the final objective function. Experiment results on MSRA-MM2.0 database demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for relevance feedback-based social image retrieval. © 2012 Elsevier B.V..

Fisher, J, Al Hajjar, M, Williams, S, Tipper, J, Ingham, E & Jennings, L 2012, '(v) Simulation and measurement of wear in metal-on-metal bearings in vitro- understanding the reasons for increased wear', Orthopaedics and Trauma, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 253-258.
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A new Stratified Approach For Enhanced Reliability (SAFER) pre-clinical simulation testing of joint prostheses has been described in a preceding paper in this volume. The application of SAFER in vitro simulation and testing to metal-on-metal bearings is described in this review paper. The review aims to provide further understanding of the reasons for, and causes of, increased wear in metal-on-metal hips in a proportion of patients. Variation in positioning (mal-positioning) of the head and cup in hip prostheses results in the head contacting the rim of the cup and producing increased wear. Variation in both translational and rotational positioning has been investigated. Variation in translational positioning of the centres of the head and cup, which is not detected on radiographs, is a frequent occurrence clinically and can result in a substantial increase in wear rate. The variation in translational positioning acts synergistically with variation in rotational positioning to produce substantial increases in wear. These recent findings are consistent with the wear mechanisms and formation of stripe wear reported for ceramic-on-ceramic bearings over a decade ago, and provide insight into the reasons for the variation and increases in the wear rate found clinically in metal-on-metal hips in specific patients, which may cause premature failure. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

Foroughi, J, Kimiaghalam, B, Ghorbani, SR, Safaei, F & Abolhasan, M 2012, 'Effect of conducting polypyrrole on the transport properties of carbon nanotube yarn', THIN SOLID FILMS, vol. 520, no. 24, pp. 7049-7053.
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Experiments were conducted to measure the electrical conductivity in three types of pristine and carbon nanotube-polypyrrole (CNT-PPy) composite yarns and its dependence on over a wide temperature range. The experimental results fit well with the analyti

François, R, Khan, I, Vu, NA, Mercado, H & Castel, A 2012, 'Study of the impact of localised cracks on the corrosion mechanism', European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, vol. 16, no. 3-4, pp. 392-401.
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Fu, Q, Ren, JM & Qiao, GG 2012, 'Synthesis of novel cylindrical bottlebrush polypseudorotaxane via inclusion complexation of high density poly(ε-caprolactone) bottlebrush polymer and α-cyclodextrins', Polym. Chem., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 343-351.
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Fu, Q, Ren, JM, Tan, S, Xu, J & Qiao, GG 2012, 'Synthesis of Novel Core Cross‐Linked Star‐Based Polyrotaxane End‐Capped via “CuAAC” Click Chemistry', Macromolecular Rapid Communications, vol. 33, no. 24, pp. 2109-2114.
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AbstractThe first example of core cross‐linked star (CCS) polyrotaxane was prepared using the poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) (PCL) CCS three‐dimensional (3D) scaffold. The 3D CCS polymer was firstly prepared through the “arm‐first” approach. Then, the “arms” of the resultant PCL CCS polymer were threaded with α‐cyclodextrins (α‐CDs). The threaded α‐CDs were permanently locked by the “click” reaction of terminal alkyne functionalities of the star polymers with the azide‐functionalized end caps to afford the CCS polyrotaxanes. All analytical results confirm the formation of the CCS polyrotaxanes and reveal their characteristics, including fluorescence under UV, a channel‐type crystalline structure, a two‐step thermal decomposition, and a unique core‐shell structure in great contrast to the polymer precursors.

Fu, WN, Ho, SL, Niu, S & Zhu, J 2012, 'Comparison Study of Finite Element Methods to Deal With Floating Conductors in Electric Field', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 351-354.
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In transient magnetic field computation, it is highly desirable if the stray capacitances among all conductors can be computed and their effects addressed conveniently. Because of the existence of floating conductors, the general finite element (FE) solv

Fujioka, T, Khan, SJ, Poussade, Y, Drewes, JE & Nghiem, LD 2012, 'N-nitrosamine removal by reverse osmosis for indirect potable water reuse – A critical review based on observations from laboratory-, pilot- and full-scale studies', Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 98, pp. 503-515.
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Fukumoto, T, Thomas, PS, Stuart, BH, Simon, P, Adam, G, Shimmon, R & Guerbois, J-P 2012, 'Estimation of the storage life of dimethylol urea using non-isothermal accelerated testing', JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY, vol. 108, no. 2, pp. 439-443.
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Gainder, S, Raveendran, A, Bagga, R, Saha, SC, Dhaliwal, LK & Srinivasan, R 2012, 'Hydatidiform Mole with Coexistant Viable Fetus', Journal of Gynecologic Surgery, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 150-152.
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Gandomi, AH & Alavi, AH 2012, 'A new multi-gene genetic programming approach to nonlinear system modeling. Part I: materials and structural engineering problems', Neural Computing and Applications, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 171-187.
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Gandomi, AH & Alavi, AH 2012, 'A new multi-gene genetic programming approach to non-linear system modeling. Part II: geotechnical and earthquake engineering problems', Neural Computing and Applications, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 189-201.
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Gandomi, AH & Alavi, AH 2012, 'Krill herd: A new bio-inspired optimization algorithm', Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, vol. 17, no. 12, pp. 4831-4845.
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Gandomi, AH & Yang, X-S 2012, 'Evolutionary boundary constraint handling scheme', Neural Computing and Applications, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 1449-1462.
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Gandomi, AH, Babanajad, SK, Alavi, AH & Farnam, Y 2012, 'Novel Approach to Strength Modeling of Concrete under Triaxial Compression', Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, vol. 24, no. 9, pp. 1132-1143.
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Gandomi, AH, Yang, X-S, Talatahari, S & Deb, S 2012, 'Coupled eagle strategy and differential evolution for unconstrained and constrained global optimization', Computers & Mathematics with Applications, vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 191-200.
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Gao, L, Li, M, Bonti, A, Zhou, W & Yu, S 2012, 'M-Dimension: Multi-characteristics based routing protocol in human associated delay-tolerant networks with improved performance over one dimensional classic models', Journal of Network and Computer Applications, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 1285-1296.
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Gao, X, Wei, D & Jiang, Z 2012, 'Analysis of Temperature Field in Liquid-Solid Bimetal Casting of Laminated Metal Composite', Advanced Science Letters, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 48-52.
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In order to improve the low toughness and poor crack resistance of high chromium cast iron (HCCI), the laminated metal composite (LMC) consisting of HCCI and carbon steel has received increasingly attentions in modern industries. Considering that the controllable temperature field at interface of LMC is a key issue in liquid-solid bimetal casting process, a three layered finite element method (FEM) model has been proposed. The influence of parameters including pouring temperature - T pour, preheating temperature - T pre and effective volume ratio - VR e on temperature field are discussed. Simulation results show that the temperature at the interface between two dissimilar metals increases with increasing the value of T pour, T pre or VR e. Through the adjustment of processing parameters, the contact surface of solid metal can be heated up to mushy state, and then form a thin transient mushy layer. The prefect metallurgical bonding can be achieved by adopting the optimized parameters in bimetal casting process. © 2012 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved.

Garcia, JA, Navarro, KF, Schoene, D, Smith, ST & Pisan, Y 2012, 'Exergames for the elderly: Towards an embedded Kinect-based clinical test of falls risk.', HIC, vol. 178, no. 1, pp. 51-57.
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Falls are the leading cause of disability, injuries or even death among older adults. Exercise programmes that include a balance component reduce the risk of falling by 40%. However, such interventions are often perceived as boring and drop-out rates are high. The characteristics of videogames may overcome this weakness and increase exercise adherence. The use of modern input devices, such as the Microsoft Kinect, enables quantification of player performance in terms of motor function while engaging with games. This capability has just started to be explored. The work presented in this paper focuses on the development of a Kinect-based system to deliver step training while simultaneously measuring parameters of stepping performance that have shown to predict falls in older people. © 2012 The authors and IOS Press. All rights reserved.

Garcia-Vigueras, M, Gomez-Tornero, JL, Goussetis, G, Weily, AR & Guo, YJ 2012, 'Efficient Synthesis of 1-D Fabry–Perot Antennas With Low Sidelobe Levels', IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 11, pp. 869-872.
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A novel technique for the efficient synthesis of one-dimensional (1-D) Fabry-Perot leaky-wave antennas with low sidelobe levels is described. It is based on the study of the reflection characteristics presented by the two periodic surfaces that form the cavity. The synthesis technique avoids the search for modal solutions in the complex plane, which is typically needed to characterize the dispersion of the leaky modes associated with the antenna geometry. Instead, it involves the solution of two simple equations, so that the desired aperture distribution (amplitude and phase) can be directly synthesized. Numerical and experimental results show that the method can be used to efficiently synthesize 1-D Fabry-Perot low sidelobe leaky-wave antennas for any desired scanning angle. © 2002-2011 IEEE.

Geng, X, Indraratna, B & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2012, 'Analytical Solutions for a Single Vertical Drain with Vacuum and Time-Dependent Surcharge Preloading in Membrane and Membraneless Systems', International Journal of Geomechanics, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 27-42.
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Gerold, B, Glynne-Jones, P, McDougall, C, McGloin, D, Cochran, S, Melzer, A & Prentice, P 2012, 'Directed jetting from collapsing cavities exposed to focused ultrasound', Applied Physics Letters, vol. 100, no. 2, pp. 024104-024104.
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We demonstrate directed jetting from pulsed laser-induced cavities subjected to a burst of focused ultrasound. Alignment of the ultrasound focus and the pressure amplitudes in the vicinity of the cavity dictate the direction and length of the resulting jet, respectively. We interpret our observations in terms of radiation forces exerted on the cavity, due to the pressure gradient introduced to the ultrasound focus by its presence. We support our hypothesis with a linear analysis of the force distribution across the cavity surface, at the moment of maximum inflation, which shows reasonable predictive agreement with the observed jet characteristics.

Ghandeharioon, A, Indraratna, B & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2012, 'Laboratory and Finite-Element Investigation of Soil Disturbance Associated with the Installation of Mandrel-Driven Prefabricated Vertical Drains', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 138, no. 3, pp. 295-308.
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Golsteijn, C & van den Hoven, E 2012, 'Cueb', interactions, vol. Mar/Apr, pp. 9-9.
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Cueb is a set of interactive photo cubes that aims to encourage parents and teenagers to explore digital photos of their individual and shared experiences, reminisce, and exchange stories. Family members each have their own cube with photos of their individual experiences. Shaking a cube will randomly display photos on six sides. Connecting cubes by holding them together will display photos of the family membersâ shared experiences. Photos can be transferred between cubes and locked for use as a selection filter to find related photos. This generates surprising photo results and allows parents and teenagers to compare their experiences.

Goodswen, SJ, Kennedy, PJ & Ellis, JT 2012, 'Evaluating High-Throughput Ab Initio Gene Finders to Discover Proteins Encoded in Eukaryotic Pathogen Genomes Missed by Laboratory Techniques', PLOS ONE, vol. 7, no. 11.
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Granade, CE, Ferrie, C, Wiebe, N & Cory, DG 2012, 'Robust online Hamiltonian learning', New Journal of Physics, vol. 14, no. 10, pp. 103013-103013.
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Grant, M & Stewart, MG 2012, 'A systems model for probabilistic risk assessment of improvised explosive device attacks', International Journal of Intelligent Defence Support Systems, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 75-75.
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Guo, W, Ngo, H-H & Li, J 2012, 'A mini-review on membrane fouling', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 122, no. 1, pp. 27-34.
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During the last decades, the interest of using membrane technology has emerged in wastewater treatment as well as drinking water and process water production. However, the impediment of the membrane technology is the fouling problem and consequently higher operating and membrane replacement cost. Hence, better understanding of membrane fouling is not only the key to solve the problems, but also is one of the main factors driving membrane technology forward. This mini-review paper identifies the major foulants and the principal membrane fouling mechanisms such as pore blocking, cake formation, concentration polarization, organic adsorption, inorganic precipitation and biological fouling. It also gives a holistic review about different fouling phenomena during the application of membrane separation technologies in water and wastewater treatment, with specific references to various problems, membranes, treatment processes and its practical applications. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Lu, H, Lin, Z & Li, Y 2012, 'Core Loss Calculation for Soft Magnetic Composite Electrical Machines', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 48, no. 11, pp. 3112-3115.
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Soft magnetic composite (SMC) materials are especially suitable for developing electrical machines with complex structure and three-dimensional (3-D) magnetic flux path. In these SMC machines, the magnetic field is in general 3-D and rotational, so the mechanism and calculation of core loss may be quite different from that in traditional electrical machines with laminated steels in which the magnetic field is restrained. This paper investigates the calculation of core loss in a permanent magnet claw pole motor with SMC stator core. First, core loss models are developed based on the experimental data on SMC samples by using a 3-D magnetic property tester. Then, 3-D magnetic time-stepping field finite element analysis (FEA) is conducted to find the flux density locus in each element when the rotor rotates. The core loss is computed based on the magnetic field FEA results by using the developed core loss models. The calculations agree well with the experimental measurements on the SMC motor prototype.

Guo, YJ, Xiaojing Huang & Dyadyuk, V 2012, 'A Hybrid Adaptive Antenna Array for Long-Range mm-Wave Communications [Antenna Applications Corner]', IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 271-282.
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Owing to the availability of wide (GHz) bandwidth at mm-wave frequencies, there is growing interest in high-speed mm-wave communications systems. However, the limited physical size and volume of the antenna and RF system do pose several major challenges. This article presents CSIRO's research on hybrid adaptive antenna arrays and associated digital-beamforming algorithms for achieving high-speed long-range communications in the millimeter-wave frequency bands. The hybrid antenna array consists of a number of analog subarrays, followed by a digital beamformer. Two subarray configurations - the interleaved subarray and the side-by-side subarray - are described. The adaptive angle-of-arrival (AoA) estimation and beamforming algorithms in both the time and frequency domains are discussed. The performance of the system was evaluated by simulations. An early stage proof-of-concept adaptive antenna array prototype in the 71 to 76 GHz E band is presented. © 2011 IEEE.

Guo, Z, Zhao, W, Lu, H & Wang, J 2012, 'Multi-step forecasting for wind speed using a modified EMD-based artificial neural network model', Renewable Energy, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 241-249.
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In this paper, a modified EMD-FNN model (empirical mode decomposition (EMD) based feed-forward neural network (FNN) ensemble learning paradigm) is proposed for wind speed forecasting. The nonlinear and non-stationary original wind speed series is first decomposed into a finite and often small number of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and one residual series using EMD technique for a deep insight into the data structure. Then these sub-series except the high frequency are forecasted respectively by FNN whose input variables are selected by using partial autocorrelation function (PACF). Finally, the prediction results of the modeled IMFs and residual series are summed to formulate an ensemble forecast for the original wind speed series. Further more, the developed model shows the best accuracy comparing with basic FNN and unmodified EMD-based FNN through multi-step forecasting the mean monthly and daily wind speed in Zhangye of China.

Gupta, K, Gulen, F, Sun, L, Aguilera, R, Chakrabarti, A, Kiselar, J, Agarwal, MK & Wald, DN 2012, 'GSK3 is a regulator of RAR-mediated differentiation', Leukemia, vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 1277-1285.
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Guzman-Quiros, R, Gomez-Tornero, JL, Weily, AR & Guo, YJ 2012, 'Electronic Full-Space Scanning With 1-D Fabry–Pérot LWA Using Electromagnetic Band-Gap', IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 11, pp. 1426-1429.
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A novel mechanism to obtain full-space electronic scanning from a half-space scanning one-dimensional (1-D) Fabry-Pérot (FP) leaky-wave antenna (LWA) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated in this letter. By using a central feed that divides the structure into two independently controlled leaky lines, one each side, and making use of the electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) region of the FP resonator, the antenna can be electronically tuned to operate in three different regimes: backward scanning, forward scanning, and broadside radiation. Leaky-mode dispersion theory and experimental results of a fabricated prototype demonstrate a continuous electronic scanning from-25° to +25° at 5.5 GHz. © 2011 IEEE.

Guzman-Quiros, R, Gomez-Tornero, JL, Weily, AR & Guo, YJ 2012, 'Electronically Steerable 1-D Fabry-Perot Leaky-Wave Antenna Employing a Tunable High Impedance Surface', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 60, no. 11, pp. 5046-5055.
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© 2012 IEEE. A novel fixed-frequency electronically-steerable one-dimensional (1-D) leaky-wave antenna is presented. The antenna is based on a parallel-plate waveguide loaded with a planar partially reflective surface and a tunable high impedance surface (HIS), which creates a 1-D Fabry-Perot leaky-waveguide. The tunable HIS consists of printed patches loaded with varactor diodes that allow the electronic tuning of the cavity resonance condition. Using a simple Transverse Equivalent Network, it is theoretically shown how the variation of the varactors’ junction capacitance allows the scanning of the antenna pointing angle from broadside towards the endfire direction at a fixed frequency. Experimental results of an antenna prototype operating at 5.6 GHz are reported, demonstrating that the new reconfigurable leaky-wave antenna can provide electronic beam scanning in an angular range from 9° to 30°.

Ha, Q 2012, 'Data acquisition, monitoring and control for hybrid solar air-conditioners', Gerontechnology, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 314-314.
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Research challenges arising from solar-assisted air conditioning of buildings2 are addressed here through a multi-stage project on the development of a sensor-rich hybrid solar air-conditioner (HSAC) system that is free from any biological threats, user-friendly, environmentally-safe and having a high coefficient of performance.

Ha, QP & Vakiloroaya, V 2012, 'A novel solar-assisted air-conditioner system for energy savings with performance enhancement', INTERNATIONAL ENERGY CONGRESS 2012, vol. 49, pp. 116-123.
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This paper presents an effective technique to enhance the performance of a newly-developed direct expansion air conditioner when combining with a vacuum solar collector that is installed after the compressor. In this approach, a novel configuration including a by-pass line together with a three way proportional control valve is proposed in discharge line after the compressor in order to control the refrigerant flow rate. In this design, the refrigerant flow rate is controlled as a function of the refrigerant temperature leaving the compressor, the refrigerant temperature leaving the solar storage tank and the ambient dry-bulb temperature. A generalized optimization algorithm is developed using sequential quadratic programming (SQR) along with a proposed empirical model for the objective function. The key challenge is to estimate the optimum refrigerant temperature entering the condenser in the new design. The optimization algorithm is simulated in a transient simulation tool to predict the optimum set-points of refrigerant temperature entering the condenser, and then implemented as a reference for an on-line closed-loop controller. The system under investigation is extensively equipped with a number of instrumentation devices for data logging. The benefits of the new design lie in the fact that the new designed system operates at a higher subcool temperature after the air-cooled condenser which significantly result in increasing the overall system coefficient of performance.

Haidar, G, Ghassempour, S & Braun, R 2012, 'Nature-inspired routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks', Australian Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 327-334.
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This paper reports on a project to investigate, build upon and test a relatively new routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks. The algorithm is based on the behaviour of ants in nature. It attempts to address the need for an energy-efficient routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks. This journal article briefly discusses the algorithm's design, including the algorithm outline and relevant data structures and formulae. The article proceeds to discuss the testing procedure and test results for the algorithm. Finally, a conclusion summarising findings and recommendations for future work is included. © Institution of Engineers Australia 2012.

Haidar, G, Ghassempour, S & Braun, R 2012, 'Nature-Inspired Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks', Australian Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 327-334.
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Hamedanimojarrad, P, Adam, G, Ray, A, Thomas, P & Vessalas, K 2012, 'Development of shrinkage resistant microfibre-reinforced cement-based composites', Open Engineering, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 289-295.
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AbstractDifferent shrinkage types may cause serious durability dilemma on restrained concrete parts due to crack formation and propagation. Several classes of fibres are used by concrete industry in order to reduce crack size and crack number. In previous studies, most of these fibre types were found to be effective in reducing the number and sizes of the cracks, but not in shrinkage strain reduction. This study deals with the influence of a newly introduced type of polyethylene fibre on drying shrinkage reduction. The novel fibre is a polyethylene microfibre in a new geometry, which is proved to reduce the amount of total shrinkage in mortars. This special hydrophobic polyethylene microfibre also reduces moisture loss of mortar samples. The experimental results on short and long-term drying shrinkage as well as on several other properties are reported. The hydrophobic polyethylene microfibre showed promising improvement in shrinkage reduction even at very low concentrations (0.1% of cement weight).

Hamedanimojarrad, P, Galea, N, Ray, AS, Adam, G, Vessalas, K & Thomas, P 2012, 'New mechanisms for drying shrinkage compensation in cementitious materials', Concrete in Australia, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 33-38.
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There are several materials and methods which have been designed and used for reduction or compensation of drying shrinkage deformations in cementitious materials, in both industry and research . Typical strategies currently used in industry for overcoming drying shrinkage include introduction of expansive agents; use of shrinkage reducing admixtures (SRA) and fibres as components of mixtures; cement modification; and, taking advantage of internal curing (Kovler & Zhutovsky, 2006).

Han, L, Fu, C, Zou, D, Lee, C & Jia, W 2012, 'Task-based behavior detection of illegal codes', Mathematical and Computer Modelling, vol. 55, no. 1-2, pp. 80-86.
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Detecting unseen illegal codes is always a challenging task. As the main action to deal with this problem, the behavior detection is unsatisfactory in both effectiveness and efficiency. This paper proposes task-based behavior detection (TBBD) which detects new illegal codes based on the user's task instead of only on the software behavior. First, the paper proposes three prerequisites of TBBD and four judgment rules, i.e., resource abnormal rule, relation abnormal rule, space abnormal rule and time abnormal rule. Then, by analyzing the effectiveness and comparison of the four judgment rules, we present an explicit judgment process of TBBD. Finally, the paper carries on the experiments. The test result verifies the validity and feasibility of TBBD. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.

Hasan, MH, Mahlia, TMI & Nur, H 2012, 'A review on energy scenario and sustainable energy in Indonesia', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 2316-2328.
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Hasan, MH, Muzammil, WK, Mahlia, TMI, Jannifar, A & Hasanuddin, I 2012, 'A review on the pattern of electricity generation and emission in Indonesia from 1987 to 2009', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 3206-3219.
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Hasan, MN, Saha, S & Saha, SC 2012, 'Effects of corrugation frequency and aspect ratio on natural convection within an enclosure having sinusoidal corrugation over a heated top surface', International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 368-377.
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Hasan, MN, Saha, SC & Gu, YT 2012, 'Unsteady natural convection within a differentially heated enclosure of sinusoidal corrugated side walls', International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 55, no. 21-22, pp. 5696-5708.
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Hashemi, SH, Khorshidi, K, Es’haghi, M, Fadaee, M & Karimi, M 2012, 'On the effects of coupling between in-plane and out-of-plane vibrating modes of smart functionally graded circular/annular plates', Applied Mathematical Modelling, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 1132-1147.
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In recent years many articles concerned with the mechanics of functionally graded plates have been published. The variation in material properties through the thickness of the plate introduces a coupling between in-plane and transverse displacements, the coupling is important in the vibration of functionally graded plates (FGPs), but none have produced an exact closed-form solution for the in-plane as well as transverse vibrations of smart circular/annular FGPs. Therefore, this paper develops an exact closed-form solution for the free vibration of piezoelectric coupled thick circular/annular FGPs subjected to different boundary conditions on the basis of the Mindlin’s first-order shear deformation theory. Through the comparison of present results with those available, the accuracy of the present method was verified. The effects of coupling between in-plane and transverse displacements on the frequency parameters are proved to be significant. It is concluded that the developed model can describe vibrational behavior of smart FGM plates more realistic. Due to the inherent features of the present solution, all findings will be a useful benchmark for evaluating other analytical and numerical methods developed by researchers in the future. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Hatcher, P, Khalilpour, R & Abbas, A 2012, 'Optimisation of LNG mixed-refrigerant processes considering operation and design objectives.', Comput. Chem. Eng., vol. 41, pp. 123-133.
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Hayasaka, N & Miyanaga, Y 2012, 'Experimental Evaluation of Noise Robustness for Extended Whole-Word Model with Multi-Condition Training', IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems, vol. 132, no. 10, pp. 1667-1674.
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Hazrat, MA, Masjuki, HH, Kalam, MA, Badruddin, IA, Ramli, R & Pang, SC 2012, 'Steady state analysis of coolant temperature distribution in a spark ignition engine cooling jacket', International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 243-250.
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A full scale SI engine has been imported in to the CFD tool to analyse the temperature distribution of coolant throughout the cooling channels. The segregated approach solver has been adopted to solve the energy equations along with the RANS two layer turbulence model to find out accordance with the available theoretical and published results. The input values are collected from complete vehicle test and from available documents, too. The main objective of the analysis was to observe the coolant temperature distribution inside the cooling jacket when the engine is turned off. The steady state simulation shows that though the average coolant outlet temperature is found within the acceptable limit of cooling system operation principle, there is a large temperature gradient in fluid thermal boundary layers within cross section and overall jacket path. The analysis demands that there should be some special arrangement of maintaining the fluid flow inside the cooling jacket even after the engine is turned off to avoid further loss of the engine body due to high temperature accumulation inside the cooling jacket and fluid in it. The lump capacity conduction equation for first sec shows that the wall temperature obtained through the energy equation is in accordance with it, too.

Heimlich, M, Schwitter, B, Ritchie, G, Fiala, J & Mahon, S 2012, 'An Integrated Electrothermal Design Primer Using an SiGe HBT PA [Application Notes]', IEEE Microwave Magazine, vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 70-80.
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Henderson-Sellers, B, Qureshi, M & Gonzalez-Perez, C 2012, 'Towards an interoperable metamodel suite: size assessment as one input', International Journal of Software and Informatics, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 1-14.
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In recent years, many metamodels have been introduced in the software engi- neering literature and standards. These metamodels vary in their focus across, for example, process, product, organizational and measurement aspects of software development and have typically been developed independently of each other with shared concepts being only accidental. There is thus an increasing concern in the standards communities that possible conicts of structure and semantics between these various metamodels will hinder their widespread adoption. The complexity of these metamodels has also increased significantly and is another barrier in their appreciation. This complexity is compounded when more than one metamodel is used in the lifecycle of a software project. Therefore there is a need to have interoperable metamodels. As a first step towards engendering interoperability and/or possible mergers between metamodels, we examine the size and complexity of various meta- models. To do this, we have used the Rossi and Brinkkemper metrics-based approach to evaluate the size and complexity of several standard metamodels including UML 2.3, BPMN 2.0, ODM, SMM and OSM. The size and complexity of these metamodels is also compared with the previous version of UML, BPMN and Activity diagrams. The comparatively large sizes of BPMN 2.0 and UML 2.3 suggest that future integration with these metamodels might be more difficult than with the other metamodels under study (especially ODM, SSM and OSM).

Heran, M, Aryal, R, Shon, HK, Vigneswaran, S, Elmaleh, S & Grasmick, A 2012, 'How to Optimize Hollow-Fiber Submerged Membrane Bioreactors', WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH, vol. 84, no. 2, pp. 115-119.
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Membrane fouling is linked to reversible or irreversible accumulation of macromolecules and solids on membrane surfaces and to the irreversible adsorption inside pores. If reversible accumulation can be controlled by filtering in subcritical conditions, then adsorption could also be minimized by reducing the soluble organic matter [extracellular polymeric substances, soluble microbial products (SMP)]. This research shows how the choice of operating parameters related to biological reaction (solid retention time and the organic loading rate) can influence the process rate and the by-product (SMP) production. It also illustrates how suspension characteristics and membrane aeration can influence membrane fouling control according to the hollow fiber configuration and to the different scales of observation. The investigations were based on the definition of different fouling level and fine-tuning of a model to better understand the effects of operating parameters on membrane bioreactor filtration.

Heras, MM-DL, Saco, PM & Willgoose, GR 2012, 'A Comparison of SRTM V4 and ASTER GDEM for Hydrological Applications in Low Relief Terrain', Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, vol. 78, no. 7, pp. 757-766.
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Herath, DC, Kodagoda, S & Dissanayake, G 2012, 'A two-tier map representation for compact-stereo-vision-based SLAM', ROBOTICA, vol. 30, pp. 245-256.
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Vision sensors are increasingly being used in the implementation of Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM). Even though the mathematical framework of SLAM is well understood, considerable issues remain to be resolved when a particular sensing modal

Hirst, JE, Tran, TS, Do, MAT, Rowena, F, Morris, JM & Jeffery, HE 2012, 'Women with gestational diabetes in Vietnam: a qualitative study to determine attitudes and health behaviours', BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, vol. 12, no. 1.
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Ho, SL, Niu, S, Fu, WN & Zhu, J 2012, 'A Mesh-Insensitive Methodology for Magnetic Force Computation in Finite-Element Analysis', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 287-290.
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A novel mesh-insensitive methodology for magnetic force computation is presented. The force value is obtained by integration on several layers of mesh elements around the objects on which the force needs to be computed. The number of layers can be automa

Ho, SL, Niu, S, Fu, WN & Zhu, J 2012, 'A Power-Balanced Time-Stepping Finite Element Method for Transient Magnetic Field Computation', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 291-294.
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Conventional transient finite-element methods (FEM) of magnetic field and electric circuit coupled problems often result in unbalanced power computation. In the worst case, the output power may be even miscomputed to be larger than the input power which

Ho, SL, Niu, S, Fu, WN & Zhu, J 2012, 'A Sensitivity Analysis Method for Equivalent Parameter Extraction of Transient Magnetic Field With Internal Circuits', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 295-298.
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A sensitivity analysis method for the equivalent parameter extraction of transient magnetic field problems with internally coupled circuits is presented. In contrast to conventional methods using physical meaning and physical relationships for parameter

Hokmabadi, AS, Fakher, A & Fatahi, B 2012, 'Full scale lateral behaviour of monopiles in granular marine soils', MARINE STRUCTURES, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 198-210.
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Monopiles are used in piers as mooring or berthing dolphins. This article reports the results of full-scale lateral loading tests on monopiles constructed as dolphins in the Pars Special Economic Energy Zone in southern Iran. The length and diameter of the monopiles were approximately 40 m and 2 m, respectively. Lateral loading tests of such large monopiles are not commonly undertaken, thus there is limited data available. This research developed a lateral analysis of piles computer code to examine analytical methods for pile analysis. Appropriate models were introduced resulting in accurate predictions in the analysis of lateral loaded piles. The results showed that traditional p-y curves and strain wedge models calculate larger pile head deflection in comparison to the field test data and therefore local calibration is essential. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

Hokmabadi, AS, Fatahi, B & Samali, B 2012, 'Recording inter-storey drifts of structures in time-history approach for seismic design of building frames', Australian Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 175-179.
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The growing trend in the application of direct displacement-based or performance-based design, lays more emphasis on the precise prediction of design parameters such as the inter-storey drift controlling the performance level of the structure. Practising engineers employ different methods to record the inter-storey drifts in time-history approach mainly based on the maximum lateral deformation of the structure. In this study, a 15-storey concrete moment resisting building is designed using time-history analysis. Then reliability and accuracy of each method in predicting the maximum inter-storey drifts under the influence of three earthquake records, namely 1995 Kobe, 1994 Northridge and 1940 El Centro earthquakes, are investigated. Results clearly indicate that to choose the most critical drift to evaluate the performance level of structures, the absolute maximum drift over time should be calculated. Other methods based on the maximum storey deflection may result in unconservative design.

Hong, S, Aryal, R, Vigneswaran, S, Johir, MAH & Kandasamy, J 2012, 'Influence of hydraulic retention time on the nature of foulant organics in a high rate membrane bioreactor', Desalination, vol. 287, no. 1, pp. 116-122.
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The influence of hydraulic retention time (HRT) in a submerged hollow fibre membrane bioreactor was studied by conducting experiments at four different HRTs (4,2, 1.3 and 1 h) at room temperature of 25 °C. lt was found that a shorter HRT led to a higher development of trans-membrane pressure. The highest sludge cake and pore-blocking resistances of 4.02 x 1011 m-1 and 0.77 x 1011 m-1 respectively were noted for the shortest HRT (of 1 h) application. UV and fluorescence spectroscopy analyses showed that the nature of organics in the biomass and sludge cakes were different. The organic fraction analysis by liquid chromatography with organic carbon detector (LC-OCO) showed a significant amount of biopolymers and a lower amount of humics for longer HRT.

Ho-Pham, LT, Mai, LD, Pham, HN, Nguyen, ND & Nguyen, TV 2012, 'Reference ranges for vertebral heights and prevalence of asymptomatic (undiagnosed) vertebral fracture in Vietnamese men and women', Archives of Osteoporosis, vol. 7, no. 1-2, pp. 257-266.
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Summary Based on quantitative measurements of vertebral heights, the prevalence of undiagnosed vertebral fracture in Vietnamese men and women aged 50 years and older was 23 and 26 %, respectively Background The present study sought to develop reference ranges for vertebral heights and to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic vertebral fracture in Vietnamese men and women. Methods The study included 312 men and 657 women aged over 18 who were randomly selected from the community. The ImageJ software program was used to measure anterior height (Ha), middle height (Hm), and posterior height (Hp) for each vertebra (T4 to T12 and L1 to L5). Four vertebral ratios were determined: Ha/Hp, Hm/Hp, Hp/Hp+1, and Hp/Hp -1. Reference ranges for the ratios were then developed by the method of Winsorized mean. Vertebral fracture was diagnosed as a ratio lower than three standard deviations from the normal mean. Results For any given vertebra, Ha, Hm, and Hp in men were higher than in women. In both sexes, Ha and Hm increased in a stepwise fashion from T4 to L3 and then gradually reduced in L4L5. Vertebral heights for T4T9 tended to decrease, while vertebral height for T10L5 tended to increase with advancing age. Among those aged over 50 years, the prevalence of vertebral fracture in men was 23.3 % (95 % confidence interval (CI) 16.831.3 %) which was lower than that in women (26.5 %; 95 % CI 22.431.1 %). The prevalence increased with advancing age, such that from the age of over 70, 41 % of men and 42 % women had at least one vertebral fracture. Conclusion One fourth of Vietnamese men and women aged 50 years and older have a symptomatic vertebral fracture. This prevalence is equivalent to that in Caucasian populations.

Horsman, D, Fowler, AG, Devitt, S & Meter, RV 2012, 'Surface code quantum computing by lattice surgery', New Journal of Physics, vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 123011-123011.
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Abstract In recent years, surface codes have become a leading method for quantum error correction in theoretical large-scale computational and communications architecture designs. Their comparatively high fault-tolerant thresholds and their natural two-dimensional nearest-neighbour (2DNN) structure make them an obvious choice for large scale designs in experimentally realistic systems. While fundamentally based on the toric code of Kitaev, there are many variants, two of which are the planar- and defect-based codes. Planar codes require fewer qubits to implement (for the same strength of error correction), but are restricted to encoding a single qubit of information. Interactions between encoded qubits are achieved via transversal operations, thus destroying the inherent 2DNN nature of the code. In this paper we introduce a new technique enabling the coupling of two planar codes without transversal operations, maintaining the 2DNN of the encoded computer. Our lattice surgery technique comprises splitting and merging planar code surfaces, and enables us to perform universal quantum computation (including magic state injection) while removing the need for braided logic in a strictly 2DNN design, and hence reduces the overall qubit resources for logic operations. Those resources are further reduced by the use of a rotated lattice for the planar encoding. We show how lattice surgery allows us to distribute encoded GHZ states in a more direct (and overhead friendly) manner, and how a demonstration of an encoded CNOT between two distance-3 logical states is possible with 53 physical qubits, half of that required in any other known construction in 2D.

Hossain, A, Ngo, H, Guo, W & Nguyen, V 2012, 'Biosorption of Cu(II) From Water by Banana Peel Based Biosorbent: Experiments and Models of Adsorption and Desorption', Journal of Water Sustainability, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 87-104.
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Banana peel, a discarded agricultural waste was used to produce bioadsorbent through easy and environmental friendly processes. This banana peel based biosorbent was evaluated for adsorptive removal of copper from water and its desorption capability. The characterisation results showed this biosorbent had very high specific surface area, potential binding sites and functional groups. The optimal conditions for biosorption were found at pH 6.5, biosorbent size of less than 75μ, dose of 0.5g/100ml and 1-hour contact time. Thermodynamic analysis also indicated that its adsorption was spontaneous. Significant desorption of copper (94%) was obtained when using 0.1N H2SO4. Both adsorption and desorption equilibrium data were well described by Langmuir, SIPS and Koble-Corrigan models whilst kinetics data by pseudo-first order, Elovich and Intraparticle diffusion models. Modelsâ parameters were optimised by MATLABâs non-linear modelling. All models had good fitness with the experimental data from high R2 (0.970-1.00), low non-linear errors - RMSE (0.004-10.00) and low 2 (0.0004-10.00). The maximum adsorption and desorption capacities were 20.37 and 32.40 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption processes were controlled by chemisorption. Both adsorption and desorption processes could be described by the pseudo-first order kinetic. The potential applicability of banana peel based bioadsorbent could be further examined in a large-scale.

Hossain, MA, Ngo, HH, Guo, WS & Nguyen, TV 2012, 'Palm oil fruit shells as biosorbent for copper removal from water and wastewater: Experiments and sorption models', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 113, pp. 97-101.
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Palm oil fruit shells were evaluated as a new bioadsorbent to eliminate toxic copper from water and wastewater. Without any chemical treatment, palm oil fruit shells were washed, dried and grounded into powder (<75μm) for use in the experiments. Characterization showed mesopore based bioadsorbent was prepared from palm oil fruit shells. The results indicate that the highest Cu removal efficiency was found in an aqueous solution with pH of 6.5. The equilibrium sorption capacity of copper was significantly high (between 28 and 60mg/g) at room temperature. Nonlinear regression analyses for isotherm models revealed that three-parameter isotherms had a better fit to the experimental data (R 2>0.994) than that of two-parameter isotherms. The copper sorption system was heterogeneous as the values of exponents were lying between 0 and 1. The highly correlated pseudo-second-order kinetics model (R 2>0.998) ascertained the applicability of copper removal by palm oil fruit shells. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.

Hossain, MA, Ngo, HH, Guo, WS & Setiadi, T 2012, 'Adsorption and desorption of copper(II) ions onto garden grass', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 121, pp. 386-395.
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The garden grass (GG) was firstly used to remove copper(II) from water as bioadsorbent. From the results of characterisation, the GG had the merits of high specific surface area, significant adsorption sites and functional groups. Copper-adsorption significantly depends on the initial copper concentrations, contact time, pH, adsorbent doses, particle sizes and temperature. The positive values of DG indicates that the adsorption of copper onto garden grass is non-spontaneous and values lies within the ranges of 4.452â13.660 kJ/mol for supporting physical adsorption. 0.1 N H2SO4 was found as suitable eluent, which could be used 5 cycles of adsorptionâdesorption. The data from adsorption and desorption equilibrium were well fitted by the Langmuir, SIPS and RedlichâPeterson isotherm models. The maximum adsorption and desorption capacities were 58.34 and 319.03 mg/g, respectively, for 1 g dose. Adsorption and desorption kinetics could be described by the Pseudo-first-order model.

Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR & Ramos, RA 2012, 'Improved low-voltage-ride-through capability of fixed-speed wind turbines using decentralised control of STATCOM with energy storage system', IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, vol. 6, no. 8, pp. 719-719.
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Hossain, MJ, Pota, HR, Mahmud, MA & Ramos, RA 2012, 'Investigation of the Impacts of Large-Scale Wind Power Penetration on the Angle and Voltage Stability of Power Systems', IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 76-84.
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Hossain, MJ, Saha, TK, Mithulananthan, N & Pota, HR 2012, 'Robust control strategy for PV system integration in distribution systems', Applied Energy, vol. 99, pp. 355-362.
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Hossein Alavi, A, Mollahasani, A, Hossein Gandomi, A & Boluori Bazaz, J 2012, 'Formulation of secant and reloading soil deformation moduli using multi expression programming', Engineering Computations, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 173-197.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop new constitutive models to predict the soil deformation moduli using multi expression programming (MEP). The soil deformation parameters formulated are secant (Es) and reloading (Er) moduli.Design/methodology/approachMEP is a new branch of classical genetic programming. The models obtained using this method are developed upon a series of plate load tests conducted on different soil types. The best models are selected after developing and controlling several models with different combinations of the influencing parameters. The validation of the models is verified using several statistical criteria. For more verification, sensitivity and parametric analyses are carried out.FindingsThe results indicate that the proposed models give precise estimations of the soil deformation moduli. The Es prediction model provides considerably better results than the model developed for Er. The Es formulation outperforms several empirical models found in the literature. The validation phases confirm the efficiency of the models for their general application to the soil moduli estimation. In general, the derived models are suitable for fine‐grained soils.Originality/valueThese equations may be used by designers to check the general validity of the laboratory and field test results or to control the solutions developed by more in‐depth deterministic analyses.

Hosseini Hashemi, S, Atashipour, R, Karimi, M & Es haghi, M 2012, 'Free vibration analysis of elliptical functionally graded plates', International Journal of Maritime Technology, vol. 3, pp. 43-60.

Hosseini-Hashemi, S, Karimi, M & Rokni, H 2012, 'Natural frequencies of rectangular Mindlin plates coupled with stationary fluid', Applied Mathematical Modelling, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 764-778.
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The present study is concerned with the free vibration analysis of a horizontal rectangular plate, either immersed in fluid or floating on its free surface. The governing equations for a moderately thick rectangular plate are analytically derived based on the Mindlin plate theory (MPT), whereas the velocity potential function and Bernoulli’s equation are employed to obtain the fluid pressure applied on the free surface of the plate. The simplifying hypothesis that the wet and dry mode shapes are the same, is not assumed in this paper. In this work, an exact-closed form characteristics equation is used for the plate subjected to a combination of six different boundary conditions. Two opposite sides are simply supported and any of the other two edges can be free, simply supported or clamped. To demonstrate the accuracy of the present analytical solution, a comparison is made with the published experimental and numerical results in the literature, showing an excellent agreement. Then, natural frequencies of the plate are presented in tabular and graphical forms for different fluid levels, fluid densities, aspect ratios, thickness to length ratios and boundary conditions. Finally, some 3-D mode shapes of the rectangular Mindlin plates in contact with fluid are illustrated. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.

How, HG, Teoh, YH, Masjuki, HH & Kalam, MA 2012, 'Impact of coconut oil blends on particulate-phase PAHs and regulated emissions from a light duty diesel engine', Energy, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 500-509.
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Howes, JM, Stuart, BH, Thomas, PS, Raja, S & O'Brien, C 2012, 'An Investigation of Model Forensic Bone in Soil Environments Studied Using Infrared Spectroscopy', JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES, vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 1161-1167.
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Infrared spectroscopy has been used to examine changes to bone chemistry as a result of soil burial. Pig carcasses were buried as part of a controlled field study, and pig bone was used in soil environments established in the laboratory. The variables of species type, bone pretreatment, soil type and pH, moisture content, temperature, and burial time were investigated. The crystallinity index (CI) and the organic and carbonate contents of the bones were monitored. The data revealed decreasing trends in the organic and carbonate contents and an increase in the CI of the bone with burial time. An acidic soil environment and soil type are the factors that have the most influence on bone chemistry as a result of burial. The study demonstrates the potential of infrared spectroscopy as a straightforward method of monitoring the changes associated with aging of bones in a variety of soil environments. © 2012 American Academy of Forensic Sciences.

Hu, H, Jiang, X, Wang, J & Li, Y 2012, 'Design, modeling, and controlling of a large-scale magnetorheological shock absorber under high impact load', JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 635-645.
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In this article, an MRD50 type of large-scale magnetorheological shock absorber was designed and manufactured in Smart Materials and Structures Laboratory of Nanjing University of Science and Technology. Upon providing a brief background on magnetorheological dampers, the detailed structure of this developed large-scale magnetorheological shock absorber was depicted. A suit of hardware-in-the-loop simulation platform under high impact load excitation was introduced for a weapon system. A series of tests were conducted to establish the dynamic behaviors of magnetorheological shock absorber under impact loads. The test results show that the inertia damping force should not be ignored like a common magnetorheological damper because of the large acceleration from the impact load. Based on the theory model and the experimental data, index parameters of magnetorheological fluid and other structural parameters in Herschel-Bulkley-Inertia model were identified by using the least square algorithm. In order to evaluate the controllability of large-scale magnetorheological shock absorber applied into high impact loads, three control algorithms, including on-off control, proportional-integral-derivative control, and fuzzy control algorithm, were used in tests to control the dynamic behavior of magnetorheological shock absorber, and some results of the controllability tests were exhibited in this article. In conclusion, the results indicated that the developed large-scale magnetorheological shock absorber was indeed able to effectively control the recoil dynamics. © The Author(s) 2012.

Hu, S, Zheng, Z, Yuan, X, Wang, Y, Normand, S-LT, Ross, JS & Krumholz, HM 2012, 'Coronary Artery Bypass Graft', Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 214-221.
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Background— The use of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery in China is growing, but little is known about hospital-level performance. We sought to characterize the variation in performance across hospitals participating in a national registry in China. Methods and Results— The study sample was drawn from the Chinese Cardiac Surgery Registry, a national multicenter database that includes 43 hospitals across 13 provinces and 4 direct-controlled municipalities in China. We assessed consecutive patients undergoing isolated CABG surgery during the period of January 1, 2007, through December 31, 2008. Hierarchical generalized linear models were used to estimate hospital-level risk-standardized in-hospital all-cause mortality rates (RSMR) and major complication rates (RSMCR), which included death, myocardial infarction, reoperation for bleeding, mediastinal infection, stroke, reintubation, and renal failure. Among 8739 patients who underwent isolated CABG surgery, the mean age was 62.2 years (SD=9.2), and 78% were male. Observed in-hospital mortality and complication rates were 2.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9–2.5%) and 6.6% (95% CI, 6.1–7.1%), respectively. The mean RSMR was 1.9% (SD=1.1), with a range of 0.7–5.8%, and the mean RSMCR was 6.4% (SD=1.5), with a range of 3.8–10.1%. The odds of dying and the odds of having a complication after CABG surgery at a hospital 1 SD below the average relative to a hospital 1 SD above the average were 2.06 (95% CI, 1.40–3.04) and 1.53 (95% CI, 1.31–1.79), respectively. The Eastern region had the lowest RSMR and RSMCR (1.6% and 5.8%, respectively), whereas the Central region had the highest RSMR (2.5%) and the Southern region had the highest RSMCR (7.7%). C...

Huang, L, Milne, D, Frank, E & Witten, IH 2012, 'Learning a concept‐based document similarity measure', Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, vol. 63, no. 8, pp. 1593-1608.
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Document similarity measures are crucial components of many text‐analysis tasks, including information retrieval, document classification, and document clustering. Conventional measures are brittle: They estimate the surface overlap between documents based on the words they mention and ignore deeper semantic connections. We propose a new measure that assesses similarity at both the lexical and semantic levels, and learns from human judgments how to combine them by using machine‐learning techniques. Experiments show that the new measure produces values for documents that are more consistent with people's judgments than people are with each other. We also use it to classify and cluster large document sets covering different genres and topics, and find that it improves both classification and clustering performance.

Huang, Q, Xu, YL, Li, JC, Su, ZQ & Liu, HJ 2012, 'Structural damage detection of controlled building structures using frequency response functions', Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 331, no. 15, pp. 3476-3492.
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If a building structure requires both a vibration control system and a health monitoring system, the integration of the two systems will be cost-effective and beneficial. One of the key problems of this integrated system is how to use control devices to enhance system identification and damage detection. This paper presents a new method for system identification and damage detection of controlled building structures equipped with semi-active friction dampers through model updating based on frequency response functions. The two states of the building are first created by adding a known stiffness using semi-active friction dampers. A scheme based on the frequency response functions of the two states of the building is then presented to identify stiffness parameters of structural members in consideration of structural connectivity and transformation information. By applying the proposed model updating scheme to the damaged building, a damage detection scheme is proposed based on the identified stiffness parameters of structural members of both the original and damaged buildings. The feasibility of the proposed schemes is finally demonstrated through a detailed numerical investigation in terms of an example building, in which the effects of measurement noise and excitation conditions are discussed. The numerical results clearly show that the proposed method can locate and quantify damage satisfactorily even though measurement noise is taken into consideration. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Huang, X, Guo, Y, Zhang, A & Dyadyuk, V 2012, 'A multi-gigabit microwave backhaul', IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 122-129.
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The rapid growth of multimedia broadband wireless services has placed huge pressure on the backhaul infrastructure. As cost-effective alternatives to fibre backhauls, high speed microwave backhauls provide a number of significant benefits, especially for bringing broadband services to rural and regional areas. This article addresses the challenges to wireless backhauls and presents a multi-gigabit microwave backhaul system, called Ngara backhaul, which is being developed at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australia. The various innovative aspects of the Ngara backhaul system including spectrum aggregation, peak-toaverage power ratio reduction, out-of-band emission cancellation, and sample rate conversion, are reported. © 2012 IEEE.

Huang, X, Guo, YJ & Dyadyuk, V 2012, 'Multi-gigabit wireless backhauls for broadband networks', Telecommunications Journal of Australia, vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 1-11.
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With the emergence of next generation broadband wireless access and mobile systems, huge demands are being placed on the backhaul infrastructure. As cost-effective alternatives to traditional copper and fibre backhauls, high speed and long range wireless backhauls become more and more attractive. However, current existing wireless backhaul systems neither provide sufficiently high speed nor meet the requirements to achieve both high speed and long range at the same time. Multi-gigabit data rates can be obtained using millimetre-wave (mmwave) point-to-point systems, but the practical transmission range is still the major weakness. Traditional microwave systems can achieve longer transmission range, but the data rates are limited to a few hundred Mega bits per second only. In this article, a review on the demand for multi-gigabit wireless backhauls is given and the benefits of wireless backhauls are described. The radio propagation characteristics in both mm-wave and microwave frequency bands are provided to show the difference in transmission range for wireless backhauls in the two different bands. The state-of-the-art mm-wave and microwave technologies currently being developed at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) are introduced to illustrate CSIRO's technology leadership in high speed and long range broadband wireless backhaul systems. It is hoped that the article will stimulate further research interest and industry development.

Huang, X, Guo, YJ & Zhang, JA 2012, 'Sample Rate Conversion Using B-Spline Interpolation for OFDM Based Software Defined Radios', IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 60, no. 8, pp. 2113-2122.
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This paper proposes arbitrary ratio sample rate conversion (SRC) architectures and a simpler B-spline interpolation algorithm for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based software defined radios (SDRs) with multiband and multi-channel capabilities. Different from conventional standalone digital front-end designs for SDRs, the proposed SRC architectures combine the B-spline interpolation with OFDM modulation and equalization for OFDM transmitter and receiver respectively. With this combined design, the passband droop introduced by the B-spline interpolation can be more efficiently compensated using frequency-domain pre-distortion, instead of conventional time-domain pre-filtering, and hence an overall system complexity reduction is achieved. A novel multi-period B-spline interpolation and re-sampling structure is then constructed, and an interpolation algorithm with lower implementation complexity than that of the conventional Farrow structure is further developed. The SRC performance is also analysed by deriving the signal-to-peak distortion ratio formulas which can be used as design tools for determining the required orders of B-splines in the OFDM transmitter and receiver respectively. Finally, SRC examples used in a high-speed multiband multi-channel microwave backhaul system are given and compared with conventional polyphase filterbank interpolation to demonstrate the practicality and performance of the proposed SRC architectures and interpolation algorithm. © 1972-2012 IEEE.

Huang, Y, Dong, J, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 2012, 'Core Loss Modeling for Permanent-Magnet Motor Based on Flux Variation Locus and Finite-Element Method', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 1023-1026.
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Core-loss prediction is an important issue in design and analysis of permanent-magnet (PM) motors. Because of the diverse structure, flux distribution, and rotational variation of flux, it is difficult to predict the core loss in a machine exactly. In th

Huang, Y, Ge, B, Dong, J, Lin, H, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 2012, '3-D Analytical Modeling of No-Load Magnetic Field of Ironless Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Machine', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 48, no. 11, pp. 2929-2932.
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A three-dimensional analytical modeling of the magnetic field of the stator-ironless axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machine under open-circuit condition is presented in this paper. It involves the analytical solution of the governing field equations in the region between back-irons in the cylindrical coordinate, in which the magnets are assumed to be axially magnetized and have constant relative recoil permeability. The proposed modeling method is applied to a specific AFPM machine, and the analytical results are in good agreement with those of three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA).

Huang, Z & Autrey, T 2012, 'Boron–nitrogen–hydrogen (BNH) compounds: recent developments in hydrogen storage, applications in hydrogenation and catalysis, and new syntheses', Energy & Environmental Science, vol. 5, no. 11, pp. 9257-9257.
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Hussain, OK, Dillon, T, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 2012, 'Probabilistic assessment of loss in revenue generation in demand-driven production', JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MANUFACTURING, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 2069-2084.
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In Demand-driven Production with Just-in-Time inputs, there are several sources of uncertainty which impact on themanufacturers ability to meet the required customers demand within the given time frame. This can result in a loss of revenue and customers, which will have undesirable impacts on the financial aspects and on the viability of the manufacturer.Hence, a key concern for manufacturers in justin- time production is to determine whether they can meet a specific level of demand within a given time frame, to meet the customers orders and also to achieve the required revenue target for that period of time. In this paper, we propose a methodology by which a manufacturer can ascertain the probability of not meeting the required demand within a given period by considering the uncertainties in the availability of production units and raw materials, and the loss of financial revenue that it would experience as a result.

Hussain, W, Sohaib, O, Ahmed, A & Khan, MQ 2012, 'GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM BASED MODEL OF LAND SUITABILITY FOR GOOD YIELD OF RICE IN PRACHUAP KHIRI KHAN PROVINCE, THAILAND', Science, Technology and Development, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 1-9.

Ilanko, S & Bharathy, GK 2012, 'Positive and negative penalty parameters in optimisation subjected to continuous constraints', Computers & Structures, vol. 108-109, pp. 83-92.
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Indraratna, B, Karimullah Hussaini, SK & Vinod, JS 2012, 'On The Shear Behavior of Ballast-Geosynthetic Interfaces', Geotechnical Testing Journal, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 305-312.
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Abstract Large-scale direct shear tests were performed to explore the behavior of rail ballast-geogrid interfaces and establish the role of geogrid aperture size on the interface shear strength. Fresh latite ballast with an average particle size (D50) of 35 mm, and seven geogrids with equivalent aperture sizes ranging from 20.8 to 88 mm were used for this current study. The laboratory experimental results confirm that the interface shear strength is influenced by the geogrid aperture size. The interface efficiency factor (α), defined as the ratio of the shear strength of the interface to the internal shear strength of the ballast varies from 0.8 to 1.16, and the ballast-geosynthetic interface friction angles vary from 52 to 67°. Moreover, a criterion to determine the minimum and maximum aperture sizes required to generate the beneficial effects of the geogrid has been identified in this study.

Indraratna, B, Nguyen, VT & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2012, 'Closure to “Assessing the Potential of Internal Erosion and Suffusion of Granular Soils” by Buddhima Indraratna, Vo Trong Nguyen, and Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 138, no. 6, pp. 775-775.
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Indraratna, B, Nguyen, VT & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2012, 'Corrigendum: Hydraulic conductivity of saturated granular soils determined using a constriction-based technique', Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 754-754.
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Indraratna, B, Nguyen, VT & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2012, 'Corrigendum: Hydraulic conductivity of saturated granular soils determined using a constriction-based technique', Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol. 49, no. 10, pp. 1225-1225.
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Indraratna, B, Nguyen, VT & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2012, 'Hydraulic conductivity of saturated granular soils determined using a constriction-based technique', Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 607-613.
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This study presents a new semi-empirical approach for predicting the saturated hydraulic conductivity of noncohesive (granular) soils through a constriction size–based technique. For the same particle-size distribution of a granular filter material, there can be many different void distributions depending on the as-compacted density. Therefore, particle-size distribution is not unique in determining the hydraulic conductivity as proposed in numerous earlier studies. In contrast, the constriction-size distribution is unique for a given as-placed density of the material, and therefore it is a better representation of hydraulic conductivity as proposed in this study. Accordingly, the hydraulic conductivity of a granular medium can be represented by an empirical power function that has been established on the basis of 60 laboratory tests.

Indraratna, B, Nguyen, VT & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2012, 'Reply to the discussion by Wang and Dallo on “Hydraulic conductivity of saturated granular soils determined using a constriction-based technique” ¹Appears in the Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 49(10): 1221–1222 [doi:10.1139/t2012-078].', Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol. 49, no. 10, pp. 1223-1224.
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Indraratna, B, Nimbalkar, S & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2012, 'Track Stabilisation with Geosynthetics and Geodrains, and Performance Verification through Field Monitoring and Numerical Modelling', International Journal of Railway Technology, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 195-219.
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Indraratna, B, Rujikiatkamjorn, C, Balasubramaniam, AS & McIntosh, G 2012, 'Soft ground improvement via vertical drains and vacuum assisted preloading', Geotextiles and Geomembranes, vol. 30, pp. 16-23.
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Indraratna, B, Rujikiatkamjorn, C, Kelly, R & Buys, H 2012, 'Soft soil foundation improved by vacuum and surcharge loading', Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Ground Improvement, vol. 165, no. 2, pp. 87-96.
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The Pacific Highway has been upgraded to support the high transportation demand between Sydney and Brisbane, along the north-east coast of Australia. To avoid the traffic through the busy town of Ballina, a bypass route was designed to traverse on a floodplain consisting of very soft, highly compressible, saturated marine clays up to 30 m deep in certain locations. A vacuum-assisted surcharge load scheme in conjunction with prefabricated vertical drains was selected to reduce the required time to consolidate the deep subsoil layers. The design of the combined vacuum and surcharge fill system and the construction of the embankment are described, and a comparison of the performance between the combined vacuum and surcharge loading system with the conventional surcharge only system is highlighted. Field data are presented and interpreted to demonstrate how the embankments performed during construction in both vacuum and non-vacuum areas. Suitable design charts for vertical drains are presented and discussed with a worked example, considering both vertical and radial drainage.

Indraratna, B, Thakur, PK, Vinod, JS & Salim, W 2012, 'Semiempirical Cyclic Densification Model for Ballast Incorporating Particle Breakage', International Journal of Geomechanics, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 260-271.
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Iqbal, A & Lee, JE-Y 2012, 'Piezoresistive Sensing in a SOI Mechanically Coupled Micromechanical Multiple-Resonator Array', IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, vol. 59, no. 11, pp. 3091-3096.
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Islam, MR, Guo, Y & Zhu, JG 2012, '11-kV Series-Connected H-Bridge Multilevel Converter for Direct Grid Connection of Renewable Energy Systems', Journal of international Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 70-78.
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Due to the variable nature of renewable energy resources and power demand by consumers, it is difficult to operate a power system installed with only one type of renewable energy resource. Grid-based renewable generation may be the only solution to overcome this problem. The conventional approach based on a low-voltage converter with power frequency transformer is commonly employed for grid connection of offshore renewable energy systems. Because of the heavy weight and large size of the transformer, the system can be expensive and complex in terms of installation and maintenance. In this paper, an 11-kV series connected H-bridge (SCHB) multilevel voltage source converter (VSC) is proposed to achieve a compact and light direct grid connection of renewable energy systems. This paper presents the design, simulation and analysis of a five level (5L)-SCHB and an eleven level (11L)-SCHB VSC for 11-kV grid-based renewable energy systems. The performance, cost, modulation scheme and harmonic spectra of the converter are analyzed

Janjua, NK & Hussain, FK 2012, 'Web@IDSS - Argumentation-enabled Web-based IDSS for reasoning over incomplete and conflicting information', KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 9-27.
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Over the past few decades, there has been a resurgence of interest in using high-level software intelligence for business intelligence (BI). The objective is to produce actionable information that is delivered at the right time, easily comprehendible and exportable to other software to assist business decision-making processes. Although the design and development of decision support systems (DSS) has been carried out for over 40 years, DSS still suffer from many limitations such as poor maintainability, poor flexibility and less reusability. The development of the Internet and WWW has helped information systems to overcome those limitations and Web DSS is now an active area of research in business intelligence, impacting significantly on the way information is exchanged and businesses are conducted. However, to remain competitive, companies rely on business intelligence (BI) to continually monitor and analyze the operating environment (both internal and external), to identify potential risks, and to devise competitive business strategies. However, the current Web DSS applications are not able to reason over information present across organizational boundaries which could be incomplete and conflicting. The use of an argumentation-based mechanism has not been explored to address such shortcomings in Web DSS. Argumentation is a kind of commonsense reasoning used by human beings to reach a justifiable conclusion when available information is incomplete and/or inconsistent among participants. In this paper, we propose and elaborate in detail a conceptual framework and formal argumentation-based semantics for Web enabled Intelligent DSS (Web@IDSS). We evaluate the use of argumentative reasoning in Web DSS with the help of a case study, prototype development and future directions. Applications built according to the proposed framework will provide more practical, understandable results to decision makers.

Jennings, LM, Al-Hajjar, M, Brockett, CL, Williams, S, Tipper, JL, Ingham, E & Fisher, J 2012, '(iv) Enhancing the safety and reliability of joint replacement implants', Orthopaedics and Trauma, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 246-252.
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A new Stratified Approach For Enhanced Reliability (SAFER) pre-clinical simulation testing of joint prostheses is presented in this article. The aim of this approach is preclinical systematic testing of wear performance in the much wider envelope of conditions found clinically rather than relying only on the standard testing conditions that are currently used. The approach includes variations in surgical delivery, variations in kinematics, variations in the patient population and degradation of the biomaterial properties. Clinical experience of existing prostheses has been used to validate the new in vitro methods. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

Jeong, S, Choi, YJ, Nguyen, TV, Vigneswaran, S & Hwang, TM 2012, 'Submerged membrane hybrid systems as pretreatment in seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO): Optimisation and fouling mechanism determination', JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE, vol. 411, pp. 173-181.
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Three different submerged membrane hybrid systems (SMHSs) namely submerged membrane coagulation hybrid system (SMCHS), submerged membrane adsorption hybrid system (SMAHS), and submerged membrane coagulation-adsorption hybrid system (SMCAHS) were studied as pretreatment systems to seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO). The performances of these SMHSs were compared with that of submerged membrane system (without any coagulation or adsorption) in terms of trans-membrane pressure (TMP) development, critical flux, ultrafilter modified fouling index (UF-MFI), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal efficiency, and the removal of detailed organic fractions. The experimental results show that pretreatment by SMCAHS led to the best results in terms of organic removal and critical flux. With the low doses of ferric chloride (FeCl 3) and powder activated carbon (PAC) of 0.5mg of Fe 3+/L and 0.5g of PAC/L, respectively, this hybrid system could remove 72% of DOC and reduce the UF-MFI nearly five times. The initial DOC and UF-MFI of seawater used in this study were 2.53mg/L and 14,165s/L 2, respectively. The application of three different membrane fouling models namely pore blockage, pore constriction, and cake formation models showed that cake formation was the predominant fouling mechanisms causing fouling in SMHSs. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

Jeong, S, Kim, LH, Kim, S-J, Nguyen, TV, Vigneswaran, S & Kim, IS 2012, 'Biofouling Potential Reductions Using a Membrane Hybrid System as a Pre-treatment to Seawater Reverse Osmosis', Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, vol. 167, no. 6, pp. 1716-1727.
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Biofouling on reverse osmosis (RO) membranes is the most serious problem which affects desalination process efficiency and increases operation cost. The biofouling cannot be effectively removed by the conventional pre-treatment traditionally used in desalination plants. Hybrid membrane systems coupling the adsorption and/or coagulation with low-pressure membranes can be a sustainable pre-treatment in reducing membrane fouling and at the same time improving the feed water quality to the seawater reverse osmosis. The addition of powder activated carbon (PAC) of 1.5 g/L into submerged membrane system could help to remove significant amount of both hydrophobic compounds (81.4%) and hydrophilic compounds (73.3%). When this submerged membrane adsorption hybrid system (SMAHS) was combined with FeCl3 coagulation of 0.5 mg of Fe3+/L, dissolved organic carbon removal efficiency was excellent even with lower dose of PAC (0.5 g/L). Detailed microbial studies conducted with the SMAHS and the submerged membrane coagulation-adsorption hybrid system (SMCAHS) showed that these hybrid systems can significantly remove the total bacteria which contain also live cells. As a result, microbial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as well as total ATP concentrations in treated seawater and foulants was considerably decreased. The bacteria number in feed water prior to RO reduced from 5.10E +06 cells/mL to 3.10E+03 cells/mL and 9.30E+03 cells/mL after SMAHS and SMCAHS were applied as pre-treatment, respectively. These led to a significant reduction of assimilable organic carbon (AOC) by 10.1 μg/L acetate-C when SMCAHS was used as a pre-treatment after 45-h RO operation. In this study, AOC method was modified to measure the growth of bacteria in seawater by using the Pseudomonas P.60 strain. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012.

Jeong, S, Nguyen, TV, Shon, HK & Vigneswaran, S 2012, 'The performance of contact flocculation–filtration as pretreatment of seawater reverse osmosis', Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 43, no. 1-3, pp. 246-252.
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Deep bed filtration has traditionally been used as a pretreatment in seawater desalination. The performance of contact flocculation-filtration (CFF) as pretreatment of seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) was evaluated in terms of pressure drop through the filter and removal of organics and turbidity. The average turbidity, total suspended solids, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) of raw seawater were 0.92 NTU, 3.6, and 1.12mg/L, respectively. The performances of CFF were experimentally evaluated with different flocculant doses (0.5-3.0mg Fe3+/L) and rapid mixing times (1.7-14.4 s). Here rapid mixing was performed in a spiral flocculation unit which consisted of a PVC tube of length 0.5m and internal diameters of 0.16 and 0.40 cm. The experimental results show that the filtration rate of 10.0m/h led to an extensive increase in both head loss (pressure drop) and turbidity as compared to those at filtration rates of 5.0 and 7.5 m/h. The head loss also significantly decreased when the flocculant dose was reduced from 3 to 0.5mg Fe3+/L. However, the organic matter (26% of DOC) removal was lower at a lower dose of ferric chloride (1.0 mg/L as Fe3+). The removal efficiency of DOC at low concentration of ferric was improved considerably through the improvement of rapid mixing. The application of CFF process also led to a significant decrease in ultrafiltermodified fouling index (UF-MFI). © 2012 Desalination Publications. All rights reserved.

Ji, JC, Li, XY, Luo, Z & Zhang, N 2012, 'TWO-TO-ONE RESONANT HOPF BIFURCATIONS IN A QUADRATICALLY NONLINEAR OSCILLATOR INVOLVING TIME DELAY', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIFURCATION AND CHAOS, vol. 22, no. 3.
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The trivial equilibrium of a weakly nonlinear oscillator having quadratic nonlinearities under a delayed feedback control can change its stability via a single Hopf bifurcation as the time delay increases. Double Hopf bifurcation occurs when the characteristic equation has two pairs of purely imaginary solutions. An interaction of resonant HopfHopf bifurcations may be possible when the two critical time delays corresponding to the two Hopf bifurcations have the same value. With the aid of normal form theory and centre manifold theorem as well as the method of multiple scales, the present paper studies the dynamics of a quadratically nonlinear oscillator involving time delay in the vicinity of the point of two-to-one resonances of HopfHopf bifurcations. The ratio of the frequencies of two Hopf bifurcations is numerically found to be nearly equal to two. The two resonant Hopf bifurcations can generate two respective periodic solutions. Consequently, the centre manifold corresponding to these two solutions is determined by a set of four first-order differential equations under two-to-one internal resonances. It is shown that the amplitudes of the two bifurcating periodic solutions admit the trivial solution and two-mode solutions for the averaged equations on the centre manifolds. Correspondingly, the cumulative behavior of the original nonlinear oscillator exhibits the initial equilibrium and a quasi-periodic motion having two frequencies. Illustrative examples are given to show the unstable zero solution, stable zero solution, and stable two-mode solution of the nonlinear oscillator under the two-to-one resonant HopfHopf interactions. © 2012 World Scientific Publishing Company.

Jian Xun Jin, Lu Hai Zheng, You Guang Guo, Jian Guo Zhu, Grantham, C, Sorrell, CC & Wei Xu 2012, 'High-Temperature Superconducting Linear Synchronous Motors Integrated With HTS Magnetic Levitation Components', IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 5202617-5202617.
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High-temperature superconductors (HTSs) including HTS bulks and tapes have potential applications in linear motion drive and magnetic levitation/suspension systems generating substantial advantages over conventional ones. When an HTS linear motor is inte

Jiang, JJ, Zhanga, HB & Yu, S 2012, 'An interior point trust region method for nonnegative matrix factorization', Neurocomputing, vol. 97, pp. 309-316.
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Jiang, ZY, Cheng, XW, Du, XZ, Wei, DB & He, XF 2012, 'Modelling of Strip Shape and Profile during Cold Rolling of Ultra Thin Strip', Materials Science Forum, vol. 706-709, pp. 1421-1426.
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In this paper, finite element models of the strip shape during cold rolling of ultra thin strip in both symmetrical and asymmetrical rolling cases have been successfully developed, and the strip shape such as the thickness distribution along the strip width has been obtained. The strip shape and edge drop are discussed under both symmetrical and asymmetrical rolling conditions. Simulation results show that the asymmetrical rolling can reduce strip edge drop dramatically. The work roll edge curve also affects strip shape significantly. The developed finite element model has been verified with the experimental values.

Johir, MAH, George, J, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J, Sathasivan, A & Grasmick, A 2012, 'Effect of imposed flux on fouling behavior in high rate membrane bioreactor', Bioresource Technology, vol. 122, pp. 42-49.
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The influence of imposed flux and aeration rates on membrane fouling in a submerged membrane bioreactor was studied. The experiments were conducted at four imposed fluxes and three aeration rates. The effect of flux on the reduction of membrane fouling w

Johir, MAH, Vigneswaran, S, Sathasivan, A, Kandasamy, J & Chang, CY 2012, 'Effect of organic loading rate on organic matter and foulant characteristics in membrane bio-reactor', Bioresource Technology, vol. 113, pp. 154-160.
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In this study, the influence of organic loading rate (OLR) on the performance of a membrane bio-reactor (MBR) was investigated. The MBR was operated with 6 different OLRs between 0.5 and 3.0 kg COD/m3 d. The hydrodynamic parameters of the MBR were kept constant. The hydraulic retention time and sludge retention time were kept at 8 h and 40 d respectively. From the experimental investigation, it was found that the removal efficiency of DOC, COD and NH4-N decreased when OLRs were increased from 0.5 to 3.0 kg COD/m3 d. Higher OLRs of 2.75-3.0 kg COD/m3 d resulted in a higher transmembrane pressure development. The fractionation of organic matters showed more hydrophilic substances with higher OLRs. A detailed organic matter characterization of membrane foulant, soluble microbial product and extracellular polymeric substances showed that bio-polymers type substances together with humic acid and lower molecular neutral and acids were responsible for membrane fouling.

Kalam, MA, Ahamed, JU & Masjuki, HH 2012, 'Land availability of Jatropha production in Malaysia', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 3999-4007.
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Kalam, MA, Masjuki, HH, Shahabuddin, M & Mofijur, M 2012, 'Tribological characteristics of amine phosphate and octylated/butylated diphenylamine additives infused bio-lubricant', Energy Education Science and Technology Part A: Energy Science and Research, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 123-136.
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This paper presents the experimental results of normal lubricant, additives added lubricants and waste vegetable oil (WVO) contaminated bio-lubricants to evaluate the tribological properties such that friction and wear characteristics. The test was conducted using a four-ball tribotester with standard test method IP- 239. The balls used in four-ball tribotester were based on carbon-chromium steel ball bearings. To evaluate friction and wear characteristics, coefficient of friction (μ), wear scar diameter (WSD), flash temperature parameter (FTP), viscosity index (VI) and total acid number (TAN) were investigated. Each test was conducted for five different loads from 50 kg to 90 kg at an interval of 10 kg. The lubricant was contaminated with WVO from 1% to 5%. The normal lubricant (as sample A) was used for comparison purposes. The test results showed that WVO contaminated lubricants with suitable anti-wear additive (amine phosphate) can reduce friction and wear coefficient substantially. The objective of this investigation is to develop a new lubricant based on waste palm oil (such as WVO). © Sila Science.

Kalyuga, M, Gallego-Ortega, D, Lee, HJ, Roden, DL, Cowley, MJ, Caldon, CE, Stone, A, Allerdice, SL, Valdes-Mora, F, Launchbury, R, Statham, AL, Armstrong, N, Alles, MC, Young, A, Egger, A, Au, W, Piggin, CL, Evans, CJ, Ledger, A, Brummer, T, Oakes, SR, Kaplan, W, Gee, JMW, Nicholson, RI, Sutherland, RL, Swarbrick, A, Naylor, MJ, Clark, SJ, Carroll, JS & Ormandy, CJ 2012, 'ELF5 Suppresses Estrogen Sensitivity and Underpins the Acquisition of Antiestrogen Resistance in Luminal Breast Cancer', PLoS Biology, vol. 10, no. 12, pp. e1001461-e1001461.
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Kamaleswaran, R & McGregor, C 2012, 'Integrating complex business processes for knowledge-driven clinical decision support systems', 2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, pp. 1306-1309.
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KANETA, Y, YOSHIZAWA, S, MINATO, S-I, ARIMURA, H & MIYANAGA, Y 2012, 'A Dynamically Reconfigurable FPGA-Based Pattern Matching Hardware for Subclasses of Regular Expressions', IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, vol. E95.D, no. 7, pp. 1847-1857.
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Kang, K & Sohaib, O 2012, 'The Effect of Technology, Human and Social Networks in Serviceable Cross-Cultural B2C websites', Journal of Internet and e-Business Studies, vol. 2012, pp. 1796-1805.
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Business to-Consumer (B2C) e-commerce becomes more composite with the emerging growth of web services. Online Buyer expectations are often not taken into consideration in global and local B2C websites. Serviceability has made its approach into the e-commerce mainstream and emphases on how the web developers have developed their role to understand buyers actions of purchasing and accessibility to accommodate evolving business process. For a B2C e-commerce website to engage online-buyers across cultures web designer should not ignore the technology and human related elements. This study is proposing a conceptual framework that describes the importance of serviceable B2C e-commerce that connects technology factors such as web content accessibility guidelines, human factors such as, cultural issues, buyers experience, cognitive behavior, religious attitude and social networking elements into B2C e-commerce websites.

Kang, Z, Wang, X & Luo, Z 2012, 'Topology Optimization for Static Shape Control of Piezoelectric Plates With Penalization on Intermediate Actuation Voltage', Journal of Mechanical Design, vol. 134, no. 5.
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This paper investigates the simultaneous optimal distribution of structural material and trilevel actuation voltage for static shape control applications. In this optimal design problem, the shape error between the actuated and the desired shapes is chosen as the objective function. The energy and the material volume are taken as constraints in the optimization problem formulation. The discrete-valued optimization problem is relaxed using element-wise continuous design variables representing the relative material density and the actuation voltage level. Artificial interpolation models which relate the mechanical/piezoelectrical properties of the material and the actuation voltage to the design variables are employed. Therein, power-law penalization functions are used to suppress intermediate values of both the material densities and the control voltage. The sensitivity analysis procedure is discussed, and the design variables are optimized by using the method of moving asymptotes (MMA). Finally, numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method. It is shown that the proposed method is able to yield distinct material distribution and to suppress intermediate actuation voltage values as required.

Kaniewski, J, Tomamichel, M, Hänggi, E & Wehner, S 2012, 'Secure bit commitment from relativistic constraints', IEEE Trans. on Inf. Theory, vol. 59, no. 7, pp. 4687-4699.
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We investigate two-party cryptographic protocols that are secure underassumptions motivated by physics, namely relativistic assumptions(no-signalling) and quantum mechanics. In particular, we discuss the securityof bit commitment in so-called split models, i.e. models in which at least someof the parties are not allowed to communicate during certain phases of theprotocol. We find the minimal splits that are necessary to evade theMayers-Lo-Chau no-go argument and present protocols that achieve security inthese split models. Furthermore, we introduce the notion of local versus globalcommand, a subtle issue that arises when the split committer is required todelegate non-communicating agents to open the commitment. We argue thatclassical protocols are insecure under global command in the split model weconsider. On the other hand, we provide a rigorous security proof in the globalcommand model for Kent's quantum protocol [Kent 2011, Unconditionally SecureBit Commitment by Transmitting Measurement Outcomes]. The proof employs twofundamental principles of modern physics, the no-signalling property ofrelativity and the uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics.

Kardani, M, Nazem, M, Abbo, AJ, Sheng, D & Sloan, SW 2012, 'Refined h-adaptive finite element procedure for large deformation geotechnical problems', Computational Mechanics, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 21-33.
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Karimi, F, Poo, DCC & Tan, YM 2012, 'Clinicians’ Satisfaction with Clinical Information Systems: A Disconfirmation Paradigm Perspective', Academy of Management Proceedings, vol. 2012, no. 1, pp. 18240-18240.
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Keepanasseril, A, Nanjappa, B, Prasad, GV, Saha, SC & Mandal, AK 2012, 'Vesical calculus: An unusual cause of labour dystocia', Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 596-597.
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Kegen Yu & Dutkiewicz, E 2012, 'Geometry and Motion-Based Positioning Algorithms for Mobile Tracking in NLOS Environments', IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 254-263.
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Kent, TF, Yang, J, Yang, L, Mills, MJ & Myers, RC 2012, 'Epitaxial Ferromagnetic Nanoislands of Cubic GdN in Hexagonal GaN', Appl. Phys. lett., vol. 100, p. 152111.
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Periodic structures of GdN particles encapsulated in a single crystalline GaNmatrix were prepared by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy. High resolutionX-ray diffractometery shows that GdN islands, with rock salt structure areepitaxially oriented to the wurtzite GaN matrix. Scanning transmission electronmicroscopy combined with in-situ reflection high energy electron diffractionallows for the study of island formation dynamics, which occurs after 1.2monolayers of GdN coverage. Magnetometry reveals two ferromagnetic phases, onedue to GdN particles with Curie temperature of 70K and a second, anomalous roomtemperature phase.

Keshavarz, R, Movahhedi, M & Abdipour, A 2012, 'A broadband and compact asymmetrical backward coupled-line coupler with high coupling level', AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, vol. 66, no. 7, pp. 569-574.
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Keshavarzi, A, Ball, J & Nabavi, H 2012, 'Frequency pattern of turbulent flow and sediment entrainment over ripples using image processing', HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 147-156.
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River channel change and bed scourings are source of major environmental problem for fish and aquatic habitat. The bed form such as ripples and dunes is the result of an interaction between turbulent flow structure and sediment particles at the bed. The structure of turbulent flow over ripples is important to understand initiation of sediment entrainment and its transport. The focus of this study is the measurement and analysis of the dominant bursting events and the flow structure over ripples in the bed of a channel. Two types of ripples with sinusoidal and triangular forms were tested in this study. The velocities of flow over the ripples were measured in three dimensions using an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter with a sampling rate of 50 Hz. These velocities were measured at different points within the flow depth from the bed and at different longitudinal positions along the flume. A CCD camera was used to capture 1500 sequential images from the bed and to monitor sediment movement at different positions along the bed. Application of image processing technique enabled us to compute the number of entrained and deposited particles over the ripples. From a quadrant decomposition of instantaneous velocity fluctuations close to the bed, it was found that bursting events downstream of the second ripple, in Quadrants 1 and 3, were dominant whereas upstream of the ripple, Quadrants 2 and 4 were dominant. More importantly consideration of these results indicates that the normalized occurrence probabilities of sweep events along the channel are in phase with the bed forms whereas those of ejection events are out of phase with the bed form. Therefore entrainment would be expected to occur upstream and deposition occurs downstream of the ripple. These expectations were confirmed by measurement of entrained and deposited sediment particles from the bed. These above information can be used in practical application for rivers where restoration is required. © Author(s) 2011.

Keshavarzi, A, Moghadam, MK & Ball, JE 2012, 'Optimising round-edged entrance of 55 degrees river water intake', PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS-WATER MANAGEMENT, vol. 165, no. 1, pp. 9-19.
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An experimental study was undertaken to optimise a 55° round-edged entrance irrigation water intake. The tests were carried out under different flow conditions in a laboratory flume with a rectangular cross-section under closeended and open-ended flow conditions. To improve the efficiency of water intake, its entrance was rounded with three different radii (r): 100, 150 and 200 mm. Two components of flow velocity in transverse and flow directions were measured using an electromagnetic velocity meter. The flow velocity inside the water intake was measured at 390 regular grid points, across three horizontal layers at 30, 60 and 120 mm heights from the bed. The streamlines were drawn from the captured flow velocity, and hence the separation width and length were determined for the different depth levels, from the bed to the water surface. The discharge ratios (Qr) of the main channel to the lateral channel were set equal to 0.25, 0.67, 1.5 and 4. It was found that a 55° water intake with the radius of curvature of r/ Wb=0.8 produced minimum separation size. It was therefore selected as the optimum 55° round-edged entrance water intake.

Kha, HH, Tuan, HD & Nguyen, HH 2012, 'Fast Global Optimal Power Allocation in Wireless Networks by Local D.C. Programming', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 510-515.
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Power allocations in an interference-limited wireless network for global maximization of the weighted sum throughput or global optimization of the minimum weighted rate among network links are not only important but also very hard optimization problems d

Khalilpour, R & Abbas, A 2012, 'Reply to the Letter to the Editor', AIChE Journal, vol. 58, no. 12, pp. 3929-3929.
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Khalilpour, R & Karimi, IA 2012, 'Evaluation of utilization alternatives for stranded natural gas', ENERGY, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 317-328.
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Options for exporting natural gas from stranded oil and gas fields to markets include pipelines, LNG (liquefied natural gas), CNG (compressed natural gas), GTL (gas to liquids), GTS (gas to solids), and GTW (gas to wire). Thus, the key question is which option is the most robust in ensuring the security of investment over a project life cycle against market fluctuations, trade embargos, political changes, technical advances, etc. Excluding pipelines, LNG, CNG, and GTL have attracted increasing investor attention during the last two decades. Although studies abound on economic comparisons of these processes, a systematic method to address this important problem in the presence of uncertainty seems missing in the literature. This work presents such a method based on decision analysis cycle and considers oil and gas prices as uncertain. Using NPV (net present value) as the decision criterion, it presents the computation of “expected NPV” of each gas utilization alternative to identify the best option. It includes the entire well-to-market supply chain, from extraction, conversion, and transportation, to re-conversion at the target market. Finally, it identifies the sweet spots for LNG, CNG, and GTL alternatives for different reservoir capacities and market distances.

Khalilpour, R, Abbas, A, Lai, Z & Pinnau, I 2012, 'Modeling and parametric analysis of hollow fiber membrane system for carbon capture from multicomponent flue gas', AIChE Journal, vol. 58, no. 5, pp. 1550-1561.
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AbstractThe modeling and optimal design/operation of gas membranes for postcombustion carbon capture (PCC) is presented. A systematic methodology is presented for analysis of membrane systems considering multicomponent flue gas with CO2 as target component. Simplifying assumptions is avoided by namely multicomponent flue gas represented by CO2/N2 binary mixture or considering the co/countercurrent flow pattern of hollow‐fiber membrane system as mixed flow. Optimal regions of flue gas pressures and membrane area were found within which a technoeconomical process system design could be carried out. High selectivity was found to not necessarily have notable impact on PCC membrane performance, rather, a medium selectivity combined with medium or high permeance could be more advantageous. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012

Khan, I, François, R & Castel, A 2012, 'Structural performance of a 26-year-old corroded reinforced concrete beam', European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, vol. 16, no. 3-4, pp. 440-449.
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Khan, RU, Anderson, CWN, Loganathan, P, Xue, J & Clinton, PW 2012, 'Response of Pinus radiata D. Don to Boron Fertilization in a Glasshouse Study', COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS, vol. 43, no. 10, pp. 1412-1426.
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Limited information is available on the effect of slow-release boron (B) fertilizer on Pinus radiata growth and physiological properties and soil microbiological activities. A 7-month-long pot experiment was carried out under glasshouse conditions to investigate the response of Pinus radiata to different rates (0.0222, 0.0446, 0.089, and 0.178 mg B g-1 soil), equivalent to 0, 4, 8 16, and 32 kg B ha-1 of ulexite, a slow-release B fertilizer. Hot 0.02 M calcium chloride (CaCl2)-extractable soil B, soil dehydrogenase activity, plant B concentration, growth, and photosynthesis were measured at the time of harvest. The B concentrations in the soil and plant organs (needles, stem, and roots) significantly increased with increasing rates of B fertilizer. The optimum B fertilizer rates of 4-8 kg B ha-1 produced the greatest plant growth and net photosynthetic rate. However, the B rates of 16 and 32 kg B ha-1 significantly reduced net photosynthetic rate, and the rate of 32 kg B ha-1 significantly reduced stem diameter growth when compared to the optimum B rates. Soil dehydrogenase activity, an indicator of soil microbiological activities, was significantly reduced by B application at the rates of 16 and 32 kg ha-1. This study confirms the narrow range between B deficiency and toxicity in a tree crop and stresses the need for selection of the optimum rate of B fertilizer application. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

Khorsandnia, N, Valipour, HR & Crews, K 2012, 'Experimental and analytical investigation of short-term behaviour of LVL-concrete composite connections and beams', CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 229-238.
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This paper reports the results of experimental push-out tests on three different types of timber-concrete composite (TCC) connections, including normal screw, SFS and bird-mouth. The load-slip diagrams obtained from lab tests are employed to calculate the slip modulus of the connections for serviceability, ultimate and near collapse cases based on Eurocode 5 recommendations. Additionally, four full-scale TCC beams with normal screw, SFS and bird-mouth are constructed and tested under four-point bending within the serviceability load range to verify the slip modulus of connections which derived from the push-out tests. Further, based on the experimental results and using nonlinear regression, an analytical model each one of the connections is derived which can be easily incorporated into nonlinear FE analyses of TCC beams. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Khushaba, RN, Greenacre, L, Kodagoda, S, Louviere, J, Burke, S & Dissanayake, G 2012, 'Choice modeling and the brain: A study on the Electroencephalogram (EEG) of preferences', EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS, vol. 39, no. 16, pp. 12378-12388.
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Choice conjures the idea of a directed selection of a desirable action or object, motivated by internal likes and dislikes, or other such preferences. However, such internal processes are simply the domain of our human physiology. Understanding the physiological processes of decision making across a variety of contexts is a central aim in decision science as it has a great potential to further progress decision research. As a pilot study in this field, this paper explores the nature of decision making by examining the associated brain activity, Electroencephalogram (EEG), of people to understand how the brain responds while undertaking choices designed to elicit the subjects' preferences. To facilitate such a study, the Tobii-Studio eye tracker system was utilized to capture the participants' choice based preferences when they were observing seventy-two sets of objects. These choice sets were composed of three images offering potential personal computer backgrounds. Choice based preferences were identified by having the respondent click on their preferred one. In addition, a brain computer interface (BCI) represented by the commercial Emotiv EPOC wireless EEG headset with 14 channels was utilized to capture the associated brain activity during the period of the experiments. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was utilized to preprocess the EEG data before analyzing it with the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to observe the changes in the main principal frequency bands, delta (0.5-4 Hz), theta (4-7 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz), beta (13-30 Hz), and gamma (30-40 Hz). A mutual information (MI) measure was then used to study left-to-right hemisphere differences as well as front-to-back difference. Eighteen participants were recruited to perform the experiments with the average results showing clear and significant change in the spectral activity in the frontal (F3 and F4), parietal (P7 and P8) and occipital (O1 and O2) areas while the participants were indicating their...

Khushaba, RN, Kodagoda, S, Takruri, M & Dissanayake, G 2012, 'Toward improved control of prosthetic fingers using surface electromyogram (EMG) signals', EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS, vol. 39, no. 12, pp. 10731-10738.
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A fundamental component of many modern prostheses is the myoelectric control system, which uses the electromyogram (EMG) signals from an individual's muscles to control the prosthesis movements. Despite the extensive research focus on the myoelectric con

Kia, MB, Pirasteh, S, Pradhan, B, Mahmud, AR, Sulaiman, WNA & Moradi, A 2012, 'An artificial neural network model for flood simulation using GIS: Johor River Basin, Malaysia', Environmental Earth Sciences, vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 251-264.
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Kim, J, Yoshizawa, S & Miyanaga, Y 2012, 'Variable wordlength soft-decision Viterbi decoder for power-efficient wireless LAN', Integration, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 132-140.
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Kirchner, N & Alempijevic, A 2012, 'A Robot Centric Perspective on the HRI Paradigm', Journal of Human-Robot Interaction, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 135-157.
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The industrial revolution undoubtedly defined the role of machines in our society, and it directly shaped the paradigm for human machine interaction - a paradigm which was inherited by the field of Human Robot Interaction (HRI) as the machines became robots. This paper argues that, for a foreseeable set of interactions, reshaping this paradigm would result in more effective and more often successful interactions. This paper presents our Robot Centric paradigm for HRI. Evidence in the form of summaries of relevant literature and our past efforts in developing social-robotics enabling technology is presented to support our paradigm. A definition and a set of recommendations for designing the key enabling component, sociocontextual cues, of our paradigm are presented. Finally, empirical evidence generated through a number of experiments and field studies (N = 456 and N = 320) demonstrates our paradigm is both feasibly incorporated into HRI and moreover, yields significant contributions to the successfulness of a set of HRIs.

Krueger, T, Page, T, Smith, L & Voinov, A 2012, 'A guide to expert opinion in environmental modelling and management', Environmental Modelling & Software, vol. 36, pp. 1-3.
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Kumar, A, Rastogi, V, Agrawal, A & Rahman, BMA 2012, 'Birefringence analysis of segmented cladding fiber', Applied Optics, vol. 51, no. 15, pp. 3104-3104.
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Kus, B, Johir, M, Kandasamy, J, Vigneswaran, S, Shon, H-Y, Sleigh, R & Moody, G 2012, 'Performance of granular medium filtration and membrane filtration in treating stormwater for harvesting and reuse', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 45, no. 1-3, pp. 120-127.
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This paper discusses laboratory scale and pilot scale treatment systems used to in treat water from a stormwater canal in Carlton, Sydney. The laboratory scale pre-treatment systems investigated included flocculation, GAC filtration and fibre filter prior to laboratory scale steriflow stainless steel membrane filter. The results showed that these pre-treatments improved the quality of the filtrate as measured by the turbidity and TOC removal effi ciency. The use of pre-treatment improved the TOC removal efficiency from 10% to 90%. Among the three pretreatment methods, GAC filter resulted in the highest TOC removal efficiency (88%). Pilot scale experiments were also carried out using stainless steel membrane filtration and GAC filtration at Carlton, Sydney. Pilot scale experiments showed that the Steri-Flow membrane filter treatment without any pre-treatment achieved an effluent fi ltrate turbidity of between 0.79â0.99 NTU which were well below the 5 NTU ADWG (2004) limit [1]. The influent raw stormwater had generally low concentrations of heavy metals. Following membrane filtration the concentration of all heavy metals were reduced to very low levels and well within the ADWG (2004) [1] limits. The membrane fi lter could not remove TOC in significant amounts. GAC adsorption used as post-treatment following Steri-flow membrane treatment effectively reduced the TOC influent feed levels. GAC filtration of stormwater provided a 70% removal of organics. It removed all types of organic. The GAC filter did not provide any further improvement to the turbidity level or heavy metal concentration following treatment with the Steri-flow membrane system.

Kus, B, Kandasamy, J, Vigneswaran, S, Shon, H & Moody, G 2012, 'Two stage filtration for stormwater treatment: a pilot scale study', Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 45, no. 1-3, pp. 361-369.
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This paper presents the results of the granular medium filter and membrane (Ultra Flo membrane) filter experiments conducted with raw stormwater collected from a stormwater canal at Carlton, in Sydney. The filter medium experimented were granular activat

Kusakunniran, W, Qiang Wu, Jian Zhang & Hongdong Li 2012, 'Gait Recognition Across Various Walking Speeds Using Higher Order Shape Configuration Based on a Differential Composition Model', IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics), vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 1654-1668.
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Gait has been known as an effective biometric feature to identify a person at a distance. However, variation of walking speeds may lead to significant changes to human walking patterns. It causes many difficulties for gait recognition. A comprehensive analysis has been carried out in this paper to identify such effects. Based on the analysis, Procrustes shape analysis is adopted for gait signature description and relevant similarity measurement. To tackle the challenges raised by speed change, this paper proposes a higher order shape configuration for gait shape description, which deliberately conserves discriminative information in the gait signatures and is still able to tolerate the varying walking speed. Instead of simply measuring the similarity between two gaits by treating them as two unified objects, a differential composition model (DCM) is constructed. The DCM differentiates the different effects caused by walking speed changes on various human body parts. In the meantime, it also balances well the different discriminabilities of each body part on the overall gait similarity measurements. In this model, the Fisher discriminant ratio is adopted to calculate weights for each body part. Comprehensive experiments based on widely adopted gait databases demonstrate that our proposed method is efficient for cross-speed gait recognition and outperforms other state-of-the-art methods. © 1996-2012 IEEE.

Kusakunniran, W, Wu, Q, Zhang, J & Li, H 2012, 'Cross-view and multi-view gait recognitions based on view transformation model using multi-layer perceptron', PATTERN RECOGNITION LETTERS, vol. 33, no. 7, pp. 882-889.
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Gait has been shown to be an efficient biometric feature for human identification at a distance. However, performance of gait recognition can be affected by view variation. This leads to a consequent difficulty of cross-view gait recognition. A novel method is proposed to solve the above difficulty by using view transformation model (VTM). VTM is constructed based on regression processes by adopting multi-layer perceptron (MLP) as a regression tool. VTM estimates gait feature from one view using a well selected region of interest (ROI) on gait feature from another view. Thus, trained VTMs can normalize gait features from across views into the same view before gait similarity is measured. Moreover, this paper proposes a new multi-view gait recognition which estimates gait feature on one view using selected gait features from several other views. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly outperforms other baseline methods in literature for both cross-view and multi-view gait recognitions. In our experiments, particularly, average accuracies of 99%, 98% and 93% are achieved for multiple views gait recognition by using 5 cameras, 4 cameras and 3 cameras respectively. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Kusakunniran, W, Wu, Q, Zhang, J & Li, H 2012, 'Gait Recognition Under Various Viewing Angles Based on Correlated Motion Regression', IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 966-980.
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It is well recognized that gait is an important biometric feature to identify a person at a distance, e.g., in video surveillance application. However, in reality, change of viewing angle causes significant challenge for gait recognition. A novel approach using regression-based view transformation model (VTM) is proposed to address this challenge. Gait features from across views can be normalized into a common view using learned VTM(s). In principle, a VTM is used to transform gait feature from one viewing angle (source) into another viewing angle (target). It consists of multiple regression processes to explore correlated walking motions, which are encoded in gait features, between source and target views. In the learning processes, sparse regression based on the elastic net is adopted as the regression function, which is free from the problem of overfitting and results in more stable regression models for VTM construction. Based on widely adopted gait database, experimental results show that the proposed method significantly improves upon existing VTM-based methods and outperforms most other baseline methods reported in the literature. Several practical scenarios of applying the proposed method for gait recognition under various views are also discussed in this paper. © 2012 IEEE.

Kutay, C, Mooney, J, Riley, L & Howard-Wagner, D 2012, 'Experiencing Indigenous Knowledge Online as a Community Narrative', The Australian Journal of Indigenous Education, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 47-59.
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This article explores a project at the Koori Centre, University of Sydney, funded by the Australian Learning and Teaching Council (ALTC) in 2011, titled ‘Indigenous On-Line Cultural Teaching and Sharing’. One of the team members (Kutay) was also a project team member on the ALTC-funded project ‘Exploring PBL in Indigenous Australian Studies’, which has developed a teaching and learning process (PEARL) for Indigenous Australian studies. In this article, we present the ‘Indigenous On-Line Cultural Teaching and Sharing’ project as an exemplar of this teaching process. The project turns a highly successful interactive kinship workshop into an interactive online experience for all students and staff of the University of Sydney. The project is developing a sharing portal for Aboriginal people in New South Wales (NSW) to incorporate their stories and experiences of cultural, historical and educational issues within a knowledge-sharing workshop. The site will use voices of Aboriginal participants to express the knowledge of their culture in a comparative and affirmative context. An interface for uploading audio and video has been generated to combine example stories from different perspectives. The interactive kinship workshop and Aboriginal voices will then be used in an online game, embedding Aboriginal knowledge and values within different professional learning contexts, such as law, social policy, health, and education.

Lai, H-Y, Liao, L-D, Lin, C-T, Hsu, J-H, He, X, Chen, Y-Y, Chang, J-Y, Chen, H-F, Tsang, S & Shih, Y-YI 2012, 'Design, simulation and experimental validation of a novel flexible neural probe for deep brain stimulation and multichannel recording', Journal of Neural Engineering, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 036001-036001.
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An implantable micromachined neural probe with multichannel electrode arrays for both neural signal recording and electrical stimulation was designed, simulated and experimentally validated for deep brain stimulation (DBS) applications. The developed probe has a rough three-dimensional microstructure on the electrode surface to maximize the electrode-tissue contact area. The flexible, polyimide-based microelectrode arrays were each composed of a long shaft (14.9 mm in length) and 16 electrodes (5 μm thick and with a diameter of 16 μm). The ability of these arrays to record and stimulate specific areas in a rat brain was evaluated. Moreover, we have developed a finite element model (FEM) applied to an electric field to evaluate the volume of tissue activated (VTA) by DBS as a function of the stimulation parameters. The signal-to-noise ratio ranged from 4.4 to 5 over a 50 day recording period, indicating that the laboratory-designed neural probe is reliable and may be used successfully for long-term recordings. The somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) obtained by thalamic stimulations and in vivo electrode-electrolyte interface impedance measurements was stable for 50 days and demonstrated that the neural probe is feasible for long-term stimulation. A strongly linear (positive correlation) relationship was observed among the simulated VTA, the absolute value of the SSEP during the 200 ms post-stimulus period (ΣSSEP) and c-Fos expression, indicating that the simulated VTA has perfect sensitivity to predict the evoked responses (c-Fos expression). This laboratory-designed neural probe and its FEM simulation represent a simple, functionally effective technique for studying DBS and neural recordings in animal models. © 2012 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Lai, JCY, Leung, FHF, Ling, SH & Shi, EC 2012, 'An Improved Differential Evolution and Its Industrial Application', Journal of Intelligent Learning Systems and Applications, vol. 04, no. 02, pp. 81-97.
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In this paper, an improved Differential Evolution (DE) that incorporates double wavelet-based operations is proposed to solve the Economic Load Dispatch (ELD) problem. The double wavelet mutations are applied in order to enhance DE in exploring the solution space more effectively for better solution quality and stability. The first stage of wavelet operation is embedded in the DE mutation operation, in which the scaling factor is governed by a wavelet function. In the second stage, a wavelet-based mutation operation is embedded in the DE crossover operation. The trial population vectors are modified by the wavelet function. A suite of benchmark test functions is employed to evaluate the performance of the proposed DE in different problems. The result shows empirically that the proposed method out-performs signifycantly the conventional methods in terms of convergence speed, solution quality and solution stability. Then the proposed method is applied to the Economic Load Dispatch with Valve-Point Loading (ELD-VPL) problem, which is a process to share the power demand among the online generators in a power system for minimum fuel cost. Two different conditions of the ELD problem have been tested in this paper. It is observed that the proposed method gives satisfactory optimal costs when compared with the other techniques in the literature

Laird, J, Geers, DG, Wang, Y & Chou, CT 2012, 'Modeling Impact of Sensor Placement for Vision-Based Traffic Monitoring', Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, vol. 2315, no. 1, pp. 110-120.
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A generic sensor placement model for vision-based traffic monitoring is the focus of this study. A significant problem with such sensors is the difficulty in detection because of the occlusion between vehicles. Thus, the efficiency of traffic monitoring can be directly affected by sensor placement. To simulate various traffic flows, models are developed for various aspects of moving traffic. Such models include Gaussian mixture distributions for vehicle dimensions and the distribution for gap length between vehicles. These models are used to predict the vehicle detection error in a traffic flow as perceived from various sensor locations when vehicle headlight detection methods are used. Validation of the model has shown that accuracy is consistent with performance from a vehicle detection framework with approximately 3% variance on average.

Lambert, M & Kennedy, P 2012, 'Using Artificial Intelligence to Build with Unprocessed Rock', Key Engineering Materials, vol. 517, pp. 939-945.
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Unprocessed rock is a massive resource of very cheap building material with very low embodied energy. However, it is highly underutilised due to the difficulty of dealing with irregular shaped blocks. We have developed a novel software application using the artificial intelligence methods of search and optimisation to simulate building three-dimensional structures in a virtual world. The aim of our software is to help builders solve the 3-dimensional jigsaw puzzle of building with rock rubble with an emphasis on its potential use for building sustainable housing and infrastructure. This paper describes our approach and the design of our software including an overview of the rock digitising, optimisation software and building methods. We present simulation results of building and testing several small drystone structures using the prototype software.

Lammers, T, Kersten, W & Grussenmeyer, R 2012, 'Current Approaches in Complexity Management – Practical and Theoretical Implications for Distribution Networks', Research in Logistics & Production, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 55-68.
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In the up to date competition, the optimal degree of complexity severely influences the success of distribution networks and therefore the success of the entire company. Nevertheless, it seems that up to now, limited research has been done on distribution network complexity. Therefore, this paper deals with current theoretical and practical approaches of complexity management in distribution networks. Methodologically, first an in-depth literature review is conducted, highlighting the existing complexity handling tools in different areas. Since this analysis shows that no approach specifically copes with the requirements of distribution networks, exploratory expert interviews are carried out. Comparing the findings shows that neither literature, nor industrial practice investigate or institutionalize complexity management in distribution networks. Thus, this paper provides opportunities to close this gap. On the one hand, a framework which can be used to elaborate suitable complexity management strategies for distribution networks is presented. On the other hand, the relevant areas of distribution networks are narrowed down in order to create a basis for developing a comprehensive method for complexity management in distribution systems.

Law, Y, Ni, B-J, Lant, P & Yuan, Z 2012, 'N2O production rate of an enriched ammonia-oxidising bacteria culture exponentially correlates to its ammonia oxidation rate', Water Research, vol. 46, no. 10, pp. 3409-3419.
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Le, TM, Fatahi, B & Khabbaz, H 2012, 'Viscous Behaviour of Soft Clay and Inducing Factors', Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 1069-1083.
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As a result of the scarcity of land for construction, a number of projects to construct man-made islands or to expand lands over soft grounds keeps increasing. Creep behaviour of soft ground has been considered as a challenging issue for engineers and researchers for many years. A number of studies have focused on the method to predict the creep deformation of the ground under a construction site. However, there is no unified theory to clearly explain the mechanism of soil creep deformation of soils. Results of the critical review in this paper indicate that the causes of soil creep can be categorised into five main groups, namely (a) the breakdown of the inter-particle bonds, (b) sliding between the soil particles, (c) water flow from micro-pores to macro-pores (d) the deformation due to the structural viscosity and (e) the deformation due to the jumping of bonds. This paper presents these mechanisms in details with an effort to recommend an enhanced explanation for the creep compression mechanisms of clays. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

Lee, CY, Lin, CT, Hong, CT & Su, MT 2012, 'Smoke detection using spatial and temporal analyses', International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information and Control, vol. 8, no. 7 A, pp. 4749-4770.
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Video-based fire detection is currently a fairly common application with the growth in the number of installed surveillance video systems. Moreover, the related processing units are becoming more powerful. Smoke is an early sign of most fires; therefore, selecting an appropriate smoke-detection method is essential. However, detecting smoke without creating a false alarm remains a challenging problem for open or large spaces with the disturbances of common moving objects, such as pedestrians and vehicles. This study proposes a novel video-based smoke-detection method that can be incorpora,ted into a surveillance system to provide early alerts. In this study, the process of extracting smoke features from Candidate regions was accomplished by analyzing the spatial and temporal characteristics of video sequences for three important features: edge blurring, gradual energy changes, and gradual chromatic configuration changes. The proposed spatial-temporal analysis technique improves the feature extraction of gradual energy changes. In order to make the video smoke-detection results more reliable, these three features were combined using a support vector machine (SVM) technique and a temporal-based alarm decision unit (ADU) was also introduced. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm was evaluated on a PC with an Intel® Core™ 2 Duo CPU (2.2 GHz) and 2 GB RAM. The average processing time was 32.27 ms per frame; i.e., the proposed algorithm can process 30.98 frames per second. Experimental results showed that the proposed system can detect smoke effectively with a low false-alarm rate and a short reaction time in many real-world scenarios. © ICIC International 2012.

Lee, J, Guan, H, Loo, Y-C & Blumenstein, M 2012, 'Refinement of Backward Prediction Method for Reliable Artificial Intelligence-Based Bridge Deterioration Modelling', Advances in Structural Engineering, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 825-836.
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A deterioration model is the most critical component of a Bridge Management System (BMS). Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based bridge deterioration model has recently been developed to minimise uncertainties in predicting long-term performance of bridge structural elements. This model contains two components: (1) using Neural Network-based Backward Prediction Model (BPM) to generate unavailable historical condition ratings; and (2) using Time Delay Neural Network (TDNN) to perform long-term performance prediction of bridge structural elements. However new problems have emerged in the process of TDNN prediction. In this study, the BPM-generated condition ratings are used together with the actual overall condition ratings. The incompatibility between the two sets of data produces unreliable prediction outcomes during the TDNN process. This research therefore aims to introduce a new data processing procedure for BPM outcomes, by removing meaningless condition ratings that cause poor training outcomes for long-term prediction using TDNN. Consequently, the outcome of this study can improve accuracy of the current AI-based bridge deterioration model.

Lee, JE-Y & Xu, Y 2012, 'Direct inference of parameters for piezoresistive micromechanical resonators embedded in feedthrough', Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, vol. 186, pp. 257-263.
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Lee, JH, Zhou, JL, Lee, Y, Oh, S-Y & Kim, SD 2012, 'Changes in the sorption and rate of 17β-estradiol biodegradation by dissolved organic matter collected from different water sources', J. Environ. Monit., vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 543-551.
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The potential biodegradation and subsequent transformation of 17β-estradiol (E2) to estrone (E1) were examined in the presence of various dissolved organic matter (DOM) isolated from effluent, river and lake waters. In addition, estrogenicity was estimated in association with the removal of E2 via its sorption onto DOM and biodegradation. The more biodegradable lake-derived DOM promoted more extensive transformation of E2 into E1 than the effluent organic matter through a biodegradation process. Overall, under all conditions, biodegradation dominated the removal of E2 in water. The increased dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in river and lake-derived DOM (e.g. 6.5 mg C L -1) reduced the removal of E2 by decreasing its biodegradation due to the moderate sorption of E2 onto DOM. The effluent organic matter showed greater removal of E2 via biodegradation, as well as significantly high sorption. This was associated with a large amount of hydrophobic fulvic acid (FA)- and humic acid (HA)-like organic components, as shown by the small increase in the specific UV absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA 254). An increase in the DOC concentration reduced the removal of E2, resulting in high estrogenicity. The present study suggests that both organic composition and DOC concentration influenced the removal of E2 and, therefore, should be fully considered when assessing estrogenicity and its impacts on the aquatic environment. © 2012 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

Lee, T, Magniez, F & Santha, M 2012, 'Improved Quantum Query Algorithms for Triangle Finding and Associativity Testing', Algorithmica, vol. 77, no. 2, pp. 459-486.
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We show that the quantum query complexity of detecting if an $n$-vertex graphcontains a triangle is $O(n^{9/7})$. This improves the previous best algorithmof Belovs making $O(n^{35/27})$ queries. For the problem of determining if anoperation $\circ : S \times S \rightarrow S$ is associative, we give analgorithm making $O(|S|^{10/7})$ queries, the first improvement to the trivial$O(|S|^{3/2})$ application of Grover search. Our algorithms are designed using the learning graph framework of Belovs. Wegive a family of algorithms for detecting constant-sized subgraphs, which canpossibly be directed and colored. These algorithms are designed in a simplehigh-level language; our main theorem shows how this high-level language can becompiled as a learning graph and gives the resulting complexity. The key idea to our improvements is to allow more freedom in the parametersof the database kept by the algorithm. As in our previous work, the edge slotsmaintained in the database are specified by a graph whose edges are the unionof regular bipartite graphs, the overall structure of which mimics that of thegraph of the certificate. By allowing these bipartite graphs to be unbalancedand of variable degree we obtain better algorithms.

Lei, G, Chen, XM, Zhu, JG, Guo, YG, Xu, W & Shao, KR 2012, 'Multiobjective Sequential Optimization Method for the Design of Industrial Electromagnetic Devices', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 48, no. 11, pp. 4538-4541.
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A multiobjective sequential optimization method (MSOM) is presented to deal with practical design problems of industrial electromagnetic devices. MSOM consists of a sequential optimization strategy of multiobjective optimization model and a modified central composite design (CCD) sampling method. To improve the optimization efficiency, Kriging model is employed to construct the approximate multiobjective optimization models. Then a modified CCD sampling method is presented to update the sample sets with the obtained Pareto optimal points and Kriging models. Thereafter, by investigating a test function and a three-dimensional permanent magnet transverse flux machine, it can be found that the proposed method is efficient, and the computation cost of finite element analysis can be saved remarkably.

Lei, G, Guo, YG, Zhu, JG, Chen, XM, Xu, W & Shao, KR 2012, 'Sequential Subspace Optimization Method for Electromagnetic Devices Design With Orthogonal Design Technique', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 479-482.
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We present two new sequential optimization strategies, a sequential subspace optimization method (SSOM) and an improved sequential optimization method (SOM) with orthogonal experimental design technique, to deal with optimization design problems of elect

Lei, G, Guo, YG, Zhu, JG, Wang, TS, Chen, XM & Shao, KR 2012, 'System Level Six Sigma Robust Optimization of a Drive System With PM Transverse Flux Machine', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 923-926.
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From our previous study, permanent magnet (PM) transverse flux machine with soft magnetic composite material core is very promising. However, from the point of view of engineering application, at least two more aspects have to be considered. First, not o

Leong, KY, Saidur, R, Mahlia, TMI & Yau, YH 2012, 'Entropy generation analysis of nanofluid flow in a circular tube subjected to constant wall temperature', International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 39, no. 8, pp. 1169-1175.
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Leong, KY, Saidur, R, Mahlia, TMI & Yau, YH 2012, 'Modeling of shell and tube heat recovery exchanger operated with nanofluid based coolants', International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 808-816.
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Leong, KY, Saidur, R, Mahlia, TMI & Yau, YH 2012, 'Performance investigation of nanofluids as working fluid in a thermosyphon air preheater', International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 523-529.
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Leveaux, R 2012, '2012 Olympic Games Decision Making Technologies for Taekwondo Competition', Communications of the IBIMA, vol. 2012, pp. 1-8.
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Leading up to the 2012 Olympic Games the demands for transparency and correctness in referee decision making in the sport of Taekwondo increased dramatically to the extent where differing technologies were implemented for the first time at the Olympic level in London. This post Olympic research examines the impacts of those technologies on one sector of the sport's stakeholders. The study was conducted through discussion groups and interviews with elite level international referees (n=31). The findings present that via the diligent use and application of the technologies, provided mechanisms to greatly improve the correctness of decisions by being an effective aid to the decision making process, which contributed to the success of the event.

Li, C, Ma, T, Sun, L, Li, W & Zheng, A 2012, 'Application and verification of a fractal approach to landslide susceptibility mapping', Natural Hazards, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 169-185.
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Li, C-H, Kuo, B-C, Lin, C-T & Huang, C-S 2012, 'A Spatial–Contextual Support Vector Machine for Remotely Sensed Image Classification', IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 784-799.
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© 2011 IEEE. Recent studies show that hyperspectral image classification techniques that use both spectral and spatial information are more suitable, effective, and robust than those that use only spectral information. Using a spatial-contextual term, this study modifies the decision function and constraints of a support vector machine (SVM) and proposes two kinds of spatial-contextual SVMs for hyperspectral image classification. One machine, which is based on the concept of Markov random fields (MRFs), uses the spatial information in the original space (SCSVM). The other machine uses the spatial information in the feature space (SCSVMF), i.e., the nearest neighbors in the feature space. The SCSVM is better able to classify pixels of different class labels with similar spectral values and deal with data that have no clear numerical interpretation. To evaluate the effectiveness of SCSVM, the experiments in this study compare the performances of other classifiers: an SVM, a context-sensitive semisupervised SVM, a maximum likelihood (ML) classifier, a Bayesian contextual classifier based on MRFs (ML-MRF), and k nearest neighbor classifier. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves good classification performance on famous hyperspectral images (the Indian Pine site (IPS) and the Washington, DC mall data sets). The overall classification accuracy of the hyperspectral image of the IPS data set with 16 classes is 95.5%. The kappa accuracy is up to 94.9%, and the average accuracy of each class is up to 94.2%.

Li, D-L, Prasad, M, Hsu, S-C, Hong, C-T & Lin, C-T 2012, 'Face recognition using nonparametric-weighted Fisherfaces', EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, vol. 2012, no. 1.
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Abstract This study presents an appearance-based face recognition scheme called the nonparametric-weighted Fisherfaces (NW-Fisherfaces). Pixels in a facial image are considered as coordinates in a high-dimensional space and are transformed into a face subspace for analysis by using nonparametric-weighted feature extraction (NWFE). According to previous studies of hyperspectral image classification, NWFE is a powerful tool for extracting hyperspectral image features. The Fisherfaces method maximizes the ratio of between-class scatter to that of within-class scatter. In this study, the proposed NW-Fisherfaces weighted the between-class scatter to emphasize the boundary structure of the transformed face subspace and, therefore, enhances the separability for different persons' face. The proposed NW-Fisherfaces was compared with Orthogonal Laplacianfaces, Eigenfaces, Fisherfaces, direct linear discriminant analysis, and null space linear discriminant analysis methods for tests on five facial databases. Experimental results showed that the proposed approach outperforms other feature extraction methods for most databases.

Li, H, Jiang, Z & Wei, D 2012, 'Crystal Plasticity Finite Modelling of 3D Surface Asperity Flattening in Uniaxial Planar Compression', Tribology Letters, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 101-112.
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Rate-dependent crystal plasticity constitutive model has been employed into finite element software ABAQUS to simulate surface asperity flattening in uniaxial planar compression. Measured textures and surface roughness are introduced into the 3D surface roughness model. The calculated results show a good agreement with the experimental results. With an increase of reduction, the surface asperity flattening tends to increase, and Goss texture {011} aOE (c) 100 > and brass component {110} aOE (c) 112 > become stronger, whilst the cubic texture {001} aOE (c) 100 > becomes weaker. If the reduction reaches 40%, Schmid in-grain shear band appears and the strain localisation starts. The evolution of surface feature (roughness) shows the obvious sensitivity on the orientation {111} of near-top surface.

Li, J & Tao, D 2012, 'On Preserving Original Variables in Bayesian PCA With Application to Image Analysis.', IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 21, no. 12, pp. 4830-4843.
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Principal component analysis (PCA) computes a succinct data representation by converting the data to a few new variables while retaining maximum variation. However, the new variables are difficult to interpret, because each one is combined with all of the original input variables and has obscure semantics. Under the umbrella of Bayesian data analysis, this paper presents a new prior to explicitly regularize combinations of input variables. In particular, the prior penalizes pair-wise products of the coefficients of PCA and encourages a sparse model. Compared to the commonly used mmbl1-regularizer, the proposed prior encourages the sparsity pattern in the resultant coefficients to be consistent with the intrinsic groups in the original input variables. Moreover, the proposed prior can be explained as recovering a robust estimation of the covariance matrix for PCA. The proposed model is suited for analyzing visual data, where it encourages the output variables to correspond to meaningful parts in the data. We demonstrate the characteristics and effectiveness of the proposed technique through experiments on both synthetic and real data. © 1992-2012 IEEE.

Li, J, Subhani, M & Samali, B 2012, 'Determination of Embedment Depth of Timber Poles and Piles Using Wavelet Transform', Advances in Structural Engineering, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 759-770.
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This paper presents an investigation on the wave propagation in timber poles with Wavelet Transform (WT) analysis for identification of the condition and underground depth of embedded timber poles in service. Most of non-destructive testing (NDT) applications for timber poles using wave-based methods consider only single wave mode and no dispersion. However, for wave propagations in timber poles (damaged/undamaged), such simplification may not be correct, especially for broad band excitation using impulse impact. To investigate the problem, a 5m timber pole was investigated numerically and experimentally. A dispersion curve is generated from the numerical results to provide guidance on the velocity and wave mode selection. Continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is applied on the same signal to verify the presence of modes and to process data from experimental testing. The results are presented in both time domain and time-frequency domain for comparison. The results of the investigation showed that, wavelet transform analysis can be a reliable signal processing tool for NDT in terms of condition and embedment length determination.

Li, J, Tao, D & Li, X 2012, 'A probabilistic model for image representation via multiple patterns.', Pattern Recognit., vol. 45, no. 11, pp. 4044-4053.
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For image analysis, an important extension to principal component analysis (PCA) is to treat an image as multiple samples, which helps alleviate the small sample size problem. Various schemes of transforming an image to multiple samples have been proposed. Although having been shown effective in practice, the schemes are mainly based on heuristics and experience. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic PCA model, in which we explicitly represent the transformation scheme and incorporate the scheme as a stochastic component of the model. Therefore fitting the model automatically learns the transformation. Moreover, the learned model allows us to distinguish regions that can be well described by the PCA model from those that need further treatment. Experiments on synthetic images and face data sets demonstrate the properties and utility of the proposed model. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Li, L, Zhong, L, Xu, G & Kitsuregawa, M 2012, 'A feature-free search query classification approach using semantic distance', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 39, no. 12, pp. 10739-10748.
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When classifying search queries into a set of target categories, machine learning based conventional approaches usually make use of external sources of information to obtain additional features for search queries and training data for target categories. Unfortunately, these approaches rely on large amount of training data for high classification precision. Moreover, they are known to suffer from inability to adapt to different target categories which may be caused by the dynamic changes observed in both Web topic taxonomy and Web content. In this paper, we propose a feature-free classification approach using semantic distance. We analyze queries and categories themselves and utilizes the number of Web pages containing both a query and a category as a semantic distance to determine their similarity. The most attractive feature of our approach is that it only utilizes the Web page counts estimated by a search engine to provide the search query classification with respectable accuracy. In addition, it can be easily adaptive to the changes in the target categories, since machine learning based approaches require extensive updating process, e.g.; re-labeling outdated training data, re-training classifiers, to name a few, which is time consuming and high-cost. We conduct experimental study on the effectiveness of our approach using a set of rank measures and show that our approach performs competitively to some popular state-of-the-art solutions which, however, frequently use external sources and are inherently insufficient in flexibility. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Li, S, Tsang, IW & Chaudhari, NS 2012, 'Relevance vector machine based infinite decision agent ensemble learning for credit risk analysis', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 4947-4953.
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Li, W, Xiao, J & Yuan, J 2012, 'Stress distribution characteristics of modeled recycled aggregate concrete under uniaxial compression', Tongji Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Tongji University, vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 906-913.
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Based on the mechanical properties of each material phase in recycled aggregate concrete (RAC), a two-dimensional modeled RAC was built, and the stress distribution characteristics of the modeled RAC under uniaxial compressive were obtained by meso-level numerical analysis. A parametric analysis was conducted to investigate the sensitivity of the stress distribution of the modeled RAC, which focused on different mechanical parameters of natural aggregate, interfacial transition zone (ITZ) and old hardened mortar. Results show that a concentration of tensile stress and shear stress produces at new and old interfacial transition zones between the natural aggregates. The higher elastic modulus of natural aggregates are, the higher the magnitude of stress concentration is, and the higher elastic modulus of the interfacial transition are, the lower the magnitude of stress concentration is. Whereas the effects of the elastic modulus of old hardened mortar on stress concentration are not evident.

Li, W, Xiao, J, Sun, Z & Shah, SP 2012, 'Failure processes of modeled recycled aggregate concrete under uniaxial compression', Cement and Concrete Composites, vol. 34, no. 10, pp. 1149-1158.
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In order to investigate the failure processes of Recycled Aggregate Concrete (RAC), cracking behavior of modeled RAC specimens under compressive loading was investigated using Digital Image Correlation (DIC). Strain and displacement contour maps were produced to analyze the cracks' initiation and propagation during loading. The testing results indicate that the discrepancy between the elastic moduli of coarse aggregates and mortar matrix significantly influences the mechanical properties and crack patterns of the modeled materials. It is found that the failure process is related to the relative strength of coarse aggregate and mortar matrix. For modeled RAC, the first bond cracks appear around both the old and new interfacial transition zones (ITZ), and then propagate into the old and new mortar matrix by connecting each other. The observation implies that the initiations and propagations of microcracks are different between RAC and Natural Aggregate Concrete (NAC). The findings in this investigation are useful to improve the mechanical properties of RAC by optimizing the mix proportion. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Li, W, Xiao, J, Sun, Z, Kawashima, S & Shah, SP 2012, 'Interfacial transition zones in recycled aggregate concrete with different mixing approaches', Construction and Building Materials, vol. 35, pp. 1045-1055.
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Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ) is an important phase that influences the mechanical properties of Recycled Aggregate Concrete (RAC). This paper is devoted to an investigation of the effect of different mixing approaches on the properties of ITZs in RAC. Nanoindentation and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were implemented to characterize nanomechanical properties and microstructures of the old and new ITZs. The results indicate that the indentation modulus of ITZs have different distribution trends when using different mixing approaches. It reveals that the Two-Stage Mixing Approach (TSMA) can improve the nanomechanical properties of the new ITZ by reducing the volume fraction of voids and Calcium Hydroxide (CH). The SEM observation also indicates that an obviously denser and more homogeneous microstructure was achieved in the new ITZ prepared by TSMA compared to a Normal Mixing Approach (NMA). Correlating the nanoindentation and SEM results with the compressive strength, it can be concluded that TSMA has a beneficial influence on the mechanical properties of RAC by improving the properties of the new ITZ. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Li, Y & Li, J 2012, 'Disease gene identification by random walk on multigraphs merging heterogeneous genomic and phenotype data', BMC Genomics, vol. 13, no. Suppl 7, pp. S27-S27.
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Background High throughput experiments resulted in many genomic datasets and hundreds of candidate disease genes. To discover the real disease genes from a set of candidate genes, computational methods have been proposed and worked on various types of genomic data sources. As a single source of genomic data is prone of bias, incompleteness and noise, integration of different genomic data sources is highly demanded to accomplish reliable disease gene identification. Results In contrast to the commonly adapted data integration approach which integrates separate lists of candidate genes derived from the each single data sources, we merge various genomic networks into a multigraph which is capable of connecting multiple edges between a pair of nodes. This novel approach provides a data platform with strong noise tolerance to prioritize the disease genes. A new idea of random walk is then developed to work on multigraphs using a modified step to calculate the transition matrix. Our method is further enhanced to deal with heterogeneous data types by allowing cross-walk between phenotype and gene networks. Compared on benchmark datasets, our method is shown to be more accurate than the state-of-the-art methods in disease gene identification. We also conducted a case study to identify disease genes for Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. Some of the newly identified disease genes are supported by recently published literature.

Li, Y, Esselle, KP & Zhang, L 2012, 'A Coupled-Field Expansion Method for Single-Layer and Multilayer Planar Periodic Structures', International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, vol. 2012, pp. 1-16.
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A new, rigorous, field-based, seminumerical analysis method is presented to obtain the reflection and transmission coefficients of 2D planar periodic structures with arbitrarily shaped metallization patterns for both normal and oblique incidence conditions. It is useful for the analysis, design, and optimization of many single-layer and multilayer planar structures, such as frequency-selective surfaces (FSSs), artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) surfaces, electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures, some metamaterials and high-impedance surfaces. In this coupled-field expansion method (CFEM), thex- andy-components of the vector magnetic potential in each homogeneous region in a unit cell are expanded in terms of Bloch-Floquet modes and the solution to the coupled-field problem is formulated. The unique, analytical formulation presented here leads to a linear system with reasonably simple matrix elements. By cascading the matrices representing each interface, multilayer periodic structures are analyzed in a very flexible way. Being field based, CFEM does not require substrate Green's functions to analyze surfaces printed on dielectric substrates. The method was validated by analyzing one single-layer periodic surface (a printed AMC on a dielectric substrate) and one multilayer periodic surface (a circular polarizer) and comparing CFEM results with HFSS results.

Li, Y, Yang, Q, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 2012, 'Magnetic Properties Measurement of Soft Magnetic Composite Materials Over Wide Range of Excitation Frequency', IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 88-97.
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Accurate measurements of magnetic properties of soft magnetic composite (SMC) material are performed on an improved 3-D tester by means of novel precision B-H sensing coils attached to the surface of a cubic SMC specimen. By controlling the adjustable ex

Li, Z, He, Y, Cao, L, Wong, L & Li, J 2012, 'Conservation of water molecules in protein binding interfaces', International Journal of Bioinformatics Research and Applications, vol. 8, no. 3/4, pp. 228-228.
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The conservation of interfacial water molecules has only been studied in small data sets consisting of interfaces of a specific function. So far, no general conclusions have been drawn from largescale analysis, due to the challenges of using structural alignment in large data sets. To avoid using structural alignment, we propose a solvated sequence method to analyse water conservation properties in protein interfaces. We first use water information to label the residues, and then align interfacial residues in a fashion similar to normal sequence alignment. Our results show that, for a watercontacting interfacial residue, substituting it into hydrophobic residues tends to desolvate the local area. Surprisingly, residues with short side chains also tend not to lose their contacting water, emphasising the role of water in shaping binding sites. Deeply buried water molecules are found more conserved in terms of their contacts with interfacial residues

Li, Z, He, Y, Wong, L & Li, J 2012, 'Progressive dry-core-wet-rim hydration trend in a nested-ring topology of protein binding interfaces', BMC BIOINFORMATICS, vol. 13.
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Background Water is an integral part of protein complexes. It shapes protein binding sites by filling cavities and it bridges local contacts by hydrogen bonds. However, water molecules are usually not included in protein interface models in the past, and few distribution profiles of water molecules in protein binding interfaces are known. Results In this work, we use a tripartite protein-water-protein interface model and a nested-ring atom re-organization method to detect hydration trends and patterns from an interface data set which involves immobilized interfacial water molecules. This data set consists of 206 obligate interfaces, 160 non-obligate interfaces, and 522 crystal packing contacts. The two types of biological interfaces are found to be drier than the crystal packing interfaces in our data, agreeable to a hydration pattern reported earlier although the previous definition of immobilized water is pure distance-based. The biological interfaces in our data set are also found to be subject to stronger water exclusion in their formation. To study the overall hydration trend in protein binding interfaces, atoms at the same burial level in each tripartite protein-water-protein interface are organized into a ring. The rings of an interface are then ordered with the core atoms placed at the middle of the structure to form a nested-ring topology. We find that water molecules on the rings of an interface are generally configured in a dry-core-wet-rim pattern with a progressive level-wise solvation towards to the rim of the interface. This solvation trend becomes even sharper when counterexamples are separated.

Li, Z, Wu, C, Olayiwola, JN, Hilaire, DS & Huang, JJ 2012, 'Telemedicine-based digital retinal imaging vs standard ophthalmologic evaluation for the assessment of diabetic retinopathy.', Conn Med, vol. 76, no. 2, pp. 85-90.
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OBJECTIVE: To study the cost benefit analysis of using a telemedicine-based digital retinal imaging evaluation compared to conventional ophthalmologic fundus examination of diabetic patients for diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: In this study, diabetic patients from Community Health Center, Inc. (CHCI), a large multi-site Federally Qualified Health Center) were evaluated by teleophthalmology using the Canon CR-1 nonmydriatic fundus camera. Digital images were acquired in the CHCI offices and saved on the EyePACS server network. The images were later evaluated by retinal specialists at the Yale Eye Center, Yale University Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science. The costs for the standard of care ophthalmic examinations were calculated based on 2009 Medicaid reimbursement rates. The process of telemedicine-based diagnosis was based on a take-store-forward-visualize system. The cost of telemedicine-based digital retinal imaging examination included cost for devices, training, annual costs and a transportation fee. Current Medicaid reimbursement, transportation, and staff labor costs were used to calculate the conventional retinal examination cost as a comparison. RESULTS: Among the 611 patients digital retinal images screened in the first year of this program and for whom data are available, 166 (27.2%) cases of diabetic retinopathy were identified. Seventy-five (12.3%) patients screened positive with clinically significant disease and were referred for further ophthalmological evaluation and treatment. The primary direct cost of the telemedicine was $3.80, $15.00, $17.60, $1.50, and $2.50 per patient for medical assistant, ophthalmologist, capital cost (Equipment + Training), equipment maintenance, and transportation fee, respectively. The total cost in the telemedicine-based digital retinal imaging and evaluation was $40.40. The cost of conventional retinal examination was $8.70, $65.30, and $3.80 per patients for round-trip transportation, 2009 nat...

Liang, B, Xiao, W & Liu, X 2012, 'Design of Video Retrieval System Using MPEG-7 Descriptors', Procedia Engineering, vol. 29, pp. 2578-2582.
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Liao, L-D, Chang, Y-J, Lai, H-Y, Lin, C-T, Lin, Z-M, Tsang, S & Chen, Y-Y 2012, 'A Novel Light-Addressable Multi-Electrode Array Chip for Neural Signal Recording Based on VCSEL Diode Arrays', Journal of Neuroscience and Neuroengineering, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 4-12.
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Liao, L-D, Chen, C-Y, Wang, I-J, Chen, S-F, Li, S-Y, Chen, B-W, Chang, J-Y & Lin, C-T 2012, 'Gaming control using a wearable and wireless EEG-based brain-computer interface device with novel dry foam-based sensors', Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1-12.
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Abstract A brain-computer interface (BCI) is a communication system that can help users interact with the outside environment by translating brain signals into machine commands. The use of electroencephalographic (EEG) signals has become the most common approach for a BCI because of their usability and strong reliability. Many EEG-based BCI devices have been developed with traditional wet- or micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS)-type EEG sensors. However, those traditional sensors have uncomfortable disadvantage and require conductive gel and skin preparation on the part of the user. Therefore, acquiring the EEG signals in a comfortable and convenient manner is an important factor that should be incorporated into a novel BCI device. In the present study, a wearable, wireless and portable EEG-based BCI device with dry foam-based EEG sensors was developed and was demonstrated using a gaming control application. The dry EEG sensors operated without conductive gel; however, they were able to provide good conductivity and were able to acquire EEG signals effectively by adapting to irregular skin surfaces and by maintaining proper skin-sensor impedance on the forehead site. We have also demonstrated a real-time cognitive stage detection application of gaming control using the proposed portable device. The results of the present study indicate that using this portable EEG-based BCI device to conveniently and effectively control the outside world provides an approach for researching rehabilitation engineering.

Liaquat, AM, Masjuki, HH, Kalam, MA, Varman, M & Hazrat, MA 2012, 'Experimental analysis on engine performance and emission characteristics using biodiesel obtained from non-edible oil', International Review of Mechanical Engineering, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 659-665.
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There are concerns that biodiesel feedstock may compete with food supply in the long term, if the raw materials are vegetable virgin oils only. Therefore, throughout the world, large amounts of non-edible oil plants are available in nature. In this paper, experimental study has been carried out to analyze engine performance and emission characteristics for direct injection diesel engine using biodiesel obtained from non-edible oil such as jatropha oil and was blended with diesel fuel (DF) by 5% (JB5), 10% (JB10), 15% (JB15) and 20% (JB20) volumetrically without any engine modifications. Due to the presence of molecular oxygen, biodiesel undergoes improved combustion in the engine and has less polluting emissions in comparison with normal diesel fuels. Engine performance test was performed at 100% load keeping throttle 100% wide open with variable speeds of 1500 to 2400 rpm at an interval of 100 rpm. Whereas, emission tests were carried out at 2300 rpm at 100% and 80% throttle position. As results of investigations, there has been a decrease in torque and brake power, while increase in specific fuel consumption (sfc) has been observed for all biodiesel blend fuels over the entire speed range compared to DF. In case of engine exhaust gas emissions, reduction in HC, CO and CO2 were found for all blends. Besides, sound level for blend fuels was also reduced compared to DF. It can be concluded that jatropha biodiesel blend fuels can be used in diesel engines without any engine modifications and have beneficial effects both in terms of emission reductions and alternative petroleum diesel fuel. © 2012 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved.

Liaquat, AM, Masjuki, HH, Kalam, MA, Varman, M, Hazrat, MA, Shahabuddin, M & Mofijur, M 2012, 'Application of blend fuels in a diesel engine', Energy Procedia, vol. 14, pp. 1124-1133.
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Lim, CCW, Portmann, C, Tomamichel, M, Renner, R & Gisin, N 2012, 'Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution with Local Bell Test', Phys. Rev. X, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 031006-11.
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Device-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD) in its current designrequires a violation of Bell's inequality between two honest parties, Alice andBob, who are connected by a quantum channel. However, in reality, quantumchannels are lossy, and this can be exploited for attacks based on thedetection loophole. Here, we propose a novel approach to DIQKD that overcomesthis limitation. In particular, based on a combination between an entropicuncertainty relation and the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) test, we designa DIQKD protocol where the CHSH test is carried out entirely in Alice'slaboratory. Thus the loophole caused by channel losses is avoided.

Lin Chen, Tsang, IW & Dong Xu 2012, 'Laplacian Embedded Regression for Scalable Manifold Regularization', IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 902-915.
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Semi-supervised learning (SSL), as a powerful tool to learn from a limited number of labeled data and a large number of unlabeled data, has been attracting increasing attention in the machine learning community. In particular, the manifold regularization framework has laid solid theoretical foundations for a large family of SSL algorithms, such as Laplacian support vector machine (LapSVM) and Laplacian regularized least squares (LapRLS). However, most of these algorithms are limited to small scale problems due to the high computational cost of the matrix inversion operation involved in the optimization problem. In this paper, we propose a novel framework called Laplacian embedded regression by introducing an intermediate decision variable into the manifold regularization framework. By using ?-insensitive loss, we obtain the Laplacian embedded support vector regression (LapESVR) algorithm, which inherits the sparse solution from SVR. Also, we derive Laplacian embedded RLS (LapERLS) corresponding to RLS under the proposed framework. Both LapESVR and LapERLS posses a simpler form of a transformed kernel, which is the summation of the original kernel and a graph kernel that captures the manifold structure. The benefits of the transformed kernel are two-fold: (1) we can deal with the original kernel matrix and the graph Laplacian matrix in the graph kernel separately and (2) if the graph Laplacian matrix is sparse, we only need to perform the inverse operation for a sparse matrix, which is much more efficient when compared with that for a dense one.

Lin, C-L, Shaw, F-Z, Young, K-Y, Lin, C-T & Jung, T-P 2012, 'EEG correlates of haptic feedback in a visuomotor tracking task', NeuroImage, vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 2258-2273.
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This study investigates the temporal brain dynamics associated with haptic feedback in a visuomotor tracking task. Haptic feedback with deviation-related forces was used throughout tracking experiments in which subjects' behavioral responses and electroencephalogram (EEG) data were simultaneously measured. Independent component analysis was employed to decompose the acquired EEG signals into temporally independent time courses arising from distinct brain sources. Clustering analysis was used to extract independent components that were comparable across participants. The resultant independent brain processes were further analyzed via time-frequency analysis (event-related spectral perturbation) and event-related coherence (ERCOH) to contrast brain activity during tracking experiments with or without haptic feedback. Across subjects, in epochs with haptic feedback, components with equivalent dipoles in or near the right motor region exhibited greater alpha band power suppression. Components with equivalent dipoles in or near the left frontal, central, left motor, right motor, and parietal regions exhibited greater beta-band power suppression, while components with equivalent dipoles in or near the left frontal, left motor, and right motor regions showed greater gamma-band power suppression relative to non-haptic conditions. In contrast, the right occipital component cluster exhibited less beta-band power suppression in epochs with haptic feedback compared to non-haptic conditions. The results of ERCOH analysis of the six component clusters showed that there were significant increases in coherence between different brain networks in response to haptic feedback relative to the coherence observed when haptic feedback was not present. The results of this study provide novel insight into the effects of haptic feedback on the brain and may aid the development of new tools to facilitate the learning of motor skills. © 2012 Elsevier Inc..

Lin, C-T, Chuang, C-H, Wang, Y-K, Tsai, S-F, Chiu, T-C & Ko, L-W 2012, 'Neurocognitive Characteristics of the Driver: A Review on Drowsiness, Distraction, Navigation, and Motion Sickness', Journal of Neuroscience and Neuroengineering, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 61-81.
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Within the past few decades, neuroscientists have designed various experimental paradigms and driving environments. Using well-established neurotechnologies, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and electroencephalography (EEG), they have gained insight into the brain activity involved in the processing of driving cognition and behaviors. Moreover, neuroengineers have developed computational intelligent technologies to model these brain-behavioral relationships for real-life applications. With the advance of neurotechnology and the understanding of driving cognition, it is thought that an in-vehicle brain-computer interface will be implemented in the near future. In this review, we discuss four major issues prominent in driving cognitive research, including drowsiness, distraction, navigation, and motion sickness. We provide four summary tables that list nearly 60 references from the fields of neuroscience and neuroengineering to briefly present experimental materials, brain imaging modalities, and major findings of the brain in response to specific driving cognitive states. In addition, driving experiments conducted in a virtual-realistic driving environment and studies examining the power spectral characteristics of brain dynamics using independent component analysis, which eliminates artifacts and extracts the independent component processes, are also described.

Lin, C-T, Huang, T-Y, Lin, W-J, Chang, S-Y, Lin, Y-H, Ko, L-W, Hung, DL & Chang, EC 2012, 'Gender differences in wayfinding in virtual environments with global or local landmarks', Journal of Environmental Psychology, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 89-96.
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This study assesses gender differences in wayfinding in environments with global or local landmarks by analyzing both overall and fine-grained measures of performance. Both female and male participants were required to locate targets in grid-like virtual environments with local or global landmarks. Interestingly, the results of the two overall measures did not converge: although females spent more time than males in locating targets, both genders were generally equivalent in terms of corrected travel path. Fine-grained measures account for different aspects of wayfinding behavior and provide additional information that explains the divergence in overall measures; females spent less time traveling away from the target location, a higher proportion of time not traversing, and made more rotations when stopping than males did. Rather than unequivocally supporting male superiority in wayfinding tasks, both the overall and fine-grained measures partially indicate that males and females are differentially superior when using global and local landmark information, respectively. To summarize, males moved faster than females but did not necessarily navigate the spatial surroundings more efficiently. Each gender showed different strengths related to wayfinding; these differences require the application of both overall and fine-grained measures for accurate assessment. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

Lin, ZW, Zhu, JG, Guo, YG, Wang, XL, Dou, SX, Johansen, TH, Shi, X & Choi, KY 2012, 'Flux distribution in Fe-based superconducting materials by magneto-optical imaging', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 111, no. 7, pp. 07E143-07E143.
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This paper presents the magnetic flux distributions in Fe-based superconducting materials including single crystal of Ba(Fe1.9Ni0.1)As2 and Ba(Fe1.8Co0.2)As2, as well as polycrystalline SmFeO0.75F0.2As by means of magneto-optical imaging (MOI) technique. The single crystals were grown out of FeAs flux while polycrystalline sample was grown by hot-press. A MOI film with in-plan magnetization was used to visualize flux distributions at the sample surface. A series of magneto-optical images was taken when the samples were zero-field cooled and field cooled. The flux behavior, including penetration into and expelling from the samples, as well as pinning properties were studied. When external fields increase, flux is completely shielded from the crystals, then, gradually penetrates toward the crystal center from the edge. For polycrystalline sample, Meissner state was observed at very low field. With increasing the field further, flux penetrates into the sample easily along grain boundary, then into grain. Compared with high-Tc cuprates, it is found that the flux distributions in Fe-based superconducting materials are very similar to that in high-Tc cuprates with strong pinning strength.

Ling, SH & Nguyen, HT 2012, 'Natural occurrence of nocturnal hypoglycemia detection using hybrid particle swarm optimized fuzzy reasoning model', ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MEDICINE, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 177-184.
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Introduction: Low blood glucose (hypoglycemia) is a common and serious side effect of insulin therapy in patients with diabetes. This paper will make a contribution to knowledge in the modeling and design of a non-invasive hypoglycemia monitor for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) using a fuzzy-reasoning system. Methods: Based on the heart rate and the corrected QT interval of the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, we have developed a hybrid particle-swarm-optimization-based fuzzy-reasoning model to recognize the presence of hypoglycemic episodes. To optimize the fuzzy rules and the fuzzy-membership functions, a hybrid particle-swarm-optimization with wavelet mutation operation is investigated. Conclusion: We have investigated the detection for the natural occurrence of nocturnal hypoglycemic episodes in T1DM using a hybrid particle-swarm-optimization-based fuzzy-reasoning model with physiological parameters. In this study, no restricted environment (e.g. patient's dietary requirements) is required. Furthermore, the sampling time is between 5 and 10 min. To conclude, we have shown that the testing performances of the proposed algorithm for detection of advanced hypoglycemic and hypoglycemic episodes for T1DM patients are satisfactory.

Ling, SSH, Nguyen, H & Lam, HK 2012, 'Computational intelligence in health technologies.', Int J Bioinform Res Appl, vol. 8, no. 5-6, pp. 323-324.

Ling, SSH, San, PP, Nguyen, HT & Leung, FHF 2012, 'Non-Invasive nocturnal hypoglycemia Detection for insulin-Dependent Diabetes mellitus using Genetic Fuzzy Logic Method.', Int. J. Comput. Intell. Appl., vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 1-17.
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Hypoglycemia, or low blood glucose, is the most common complication experienced by Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. It is dangerous and can result in unconsciousness, seizures and even death. The most common physiological parameter to be effected from hypoglycemic reaction are heart rate (HR) and correct QT interval (QTc) of the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. Based on physiological parameters, a genetic algorithm based fuzzy reasoning model is developed to recognize the presence of hypoglycemia. To optimize the parameters of the fuzzy model in the membership functions and fuzzy rules, a genetic algorithm is used. A validation strategy based adjustable fitness is introduced in order to prevent the phenomenon of overtraining (overfitting). For this study, 15 children with 569 sampling data points with Type 1 diabetes volunteered for an overnight study. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is found to be satisfactory by giving better sensitivity and specificity compared with other existing methods for hypoglycemia detection. © 2012 Imperial College Press.

Lister, R 2012, 'A variation on Kvale's one thousand page question', ACM Inroads, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 24-25.
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This is a regular invited column I write for this journal.

Lister, R 2012, 'Rare research', ACM Inroads, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 16-17.
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This is a regular invited column I write for this journal.

Lister, R 2012, 'The CC2013 Strawman and Bloom's taxonomy', ACM Inroads, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 12-13.
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This is a regular column that I write for this journal.

Listowski, A, Ngo, H & Guo, W 2012, 'Development of a New Framework and Methodology for Social Assessment of Recycled Water Schemes', Journal of Water Sustainability, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 149-157.
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The framework and methodology for social assessment follows concepts based on integrated water management and technology as the holistic process. This study was initially undertaken through literature review, collection and analysis of actual data from areas where water reclamation scheme have been in operation. The data obtained helped with identification of information gaps and communication deficiencies. The social assessment of technology might create some controversies, especially over environmental and health impact associated with a long term use of recycled water. This concept also implies that scientific research should support public debate, allowing greater public evaluation of the scheme its implications and consequences. This study could confirm that social assessment of water reclamation and reuse is considered in broad context and it suffers institutional separation and differentiation from economy and technology. It is fair to assert that, political economy and technological research are seen to be quite different from social research and it is often considered in a largely interpret technology and environmental contexts.

Liu, C, Ngo, HH & Guo, W 2012, 'Watermelon Rind: Agro-waste or Superior Biosorbent?', APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, vol. 167, no. 6, pp. 1699-1715.
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Biosorption of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and lead (Pb) on watermelon rind in a wellstirred batch system was investigated. pH showed significant influence on the biosorption process. Optimal pH for Cu, Zn, and Pb biosorption was found to be 5.0, 6.8 and 6.8, respectively. Watermelon rind was in favor of Pb and it could remove up to 99% Pb between pH ranges of 5 and 6.8 when Pb concentration is lower than 100 mg/L. The biosorptive capacity of watermelon on Cu, Zn, and Pb was 6.281, 6.845, and 98.063 mg/g, respectively. The equilibrium data fitted well to Langmuir adsorption isotherm while pseudo-secondorder kinetic model exhibited more advantages for describing kinetic data than pseudo-firstorder kinetic model. NaOH was found to be a suitable eluent. After desorption in NaOH solution, the resorption efficiency reached as high as 99% of these three metals either in a single-component or multi-component system. From the characterization study, ion exchange and micro-precipitation were estimated to be the main mechanisms. Due to its high metal uptake capacity, reusability, and metal recovery, watermelon rind can be considered as an eco-friendly and economic biosorbent for removing Pb from water and wastewater.

Liu, C, Ngo, HH, Guo, W & Tung, K-L 2012, 'Optimal conditions for preparation of banana peels, sugarcane bagasse and watermelon rind in removing copper from water', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 119, pp. 349-354.
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In this study, three agro-waste materials were used as biosorbents for removal of copper (Cu) from water. This work aims to optimise conditions for preparation of these materials to obtain maximum Cu adsorption capacity. The optimal conditions were determined in terms of Cu removal efficiency and/or energy consumption. The results indicate that banana peels dried at 120 C for 2 h and ground into powder form led to a better performance in terms of both copper removal efficiency and energy consumption. For sugarcane bagasse and watermelon rind, 120 C was the suitable drying temperature. However, the best drying time was 1 h for sugarcane bagasse and 3 h for watermelon rind. The powder form with size of <150 lm was optimal for all biosorbents in terms of removal efficiency and equilibration time. The findings are beneficial to the application of these agro-waste materials for Cu removal from water and wastewater treatment.

Liu, MD, Indraratna, B, Horpibulsuk, S & Suebsuk, J 2012, 'Variations in strength of lime-treated soft clays', Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Ground Improvement, vol. 165, no. 4, pp. 217-223.
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Strength is often the most significant parameter in measuring the effect of soil improvement in geotechnical engineering practice. In this paper, a primary study is made of the variation in unconfined compressive strength of lime-treated soft clays under various practical conditions. There are three major factors that affect the strength development: lime content, curing time, and curing temperature. The variations in strength with the three factors are analysed and quantified by proposed empirical equations. These equations are verified against experimental data independently. Based on an analysis of the above simulations, a general strength equation is proposed, unifying the influence of all the three factors into a single equation. The capacity of the general equation is demonstrated and it is seen that the proposed strength equations have the potential for predicting the strength of lime-treated clays under various conditions.

Liu, Q, Wong, L & Li, J 2012, 'Z-score biological significance of binding hot spots of protein interfaces by using crystal packing as the reference state', BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS, vol. 1824, no. 12, pp. 1457-1467.
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Characterization of binding hot spots of protein interfaces is a fundamental study in molecular biology. Many computational methods have been proposed to identify binding hot spots. However, there are few studies to assess the biological significance of binding hot spots. We introduce the notion of biological significance of a contact residue for capturing the probability of the residue occurring in or contributing to protein binding interfaces. We take a statistical Z-score approach to the assessment of the biological significance. The method has three main steps. First, the potential score of a residue is defined by using a knowledge-based potential function with relative accessible surface area calculations. A null distribution of this potential score is then generated from artifact crystal packing contacts. Finally, the Z-score significance of a contact residue with a specific potential score is determined according to this null distribution. We hypothesize that residues at binding hot spots have big absolute values of Z-score as they contribute greatly to binding free energy. Thus, we propose to use Z-score to predict whether a contact residue is a hot spot residue. Comparison with previously reported methods on two benchmark datasets shows that this Z-score method is mostly superior to earlier methods. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Computational Methods for Protein Interaction and Structural Prediction.

Liu, X, Pan, Y, Xu, Y & Yu, S 2012, 'Least square completion and inconsistency repair methods for additively consistent fuzzy preference relations', Fuzzy Sets and Systems, vol. 198, pp. 1-19.
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Liu, Z, Chen, Q, Dai, N, Yu, Y, Yang, L & Li, J 2012, 'Tunable white light emitting glass suitable for long-wavelength ultraviolet excitation', Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, vol. 358, no. 23, pp. 3289-3293.
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Lixin Duan, Dong Xu & Tsang, IW 2012, 'Domain Adaptation From Multiple Sources: A Domain-Dependent Regularization Approach', IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 504-518.
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In this paper, we propose a new framework called domain adaptation machine (DAM) for the multiple source domain adaption problem. Under this framework, we learn a robust decision function (referred to as target classifier) for label prediction of instances from the target domain by leveraging a set of base classifiers which are prelearned by using labeled instances either from the source domains or from the source domains and the target domain. With the base classifiers, we propose a new domain-dependent regularizer based on smoothness assumption, which enforces that the target classifier shares similar decision values with the relevant base classifiers on the unlabeled instances from the target domain. This newly proposed regularizer can be readily incorporated into many kernel methods (e.g., support vector machines (SVM), support vector regression, and least-squares SVM (LS-SVM)). For domain adaptation, we also develop two new domain adaptation methods referred to as FastDAM and UniverDAM. In FastDAM, we introduce our proposed domain-dependent regularizer into LS-SVM as well as employ a sparsity regularizer to learn a sparse target classifier with the support vectors only from the target domain, which thus makes the label prediction on any test instance very fast. In UniverDAM, we additionally make use of the instances from the source domains as Universum to further enhance the generalization ability of the target classifier. We evaluate our two methods on the challenging TRECIVD 2005 dataset for the large-scale video concept detection task as well as on the 20 newsgroups and email spam datasets for document retrieval. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that FastDAM and UniverDAM outperform the existing multiple source domain adaptation methods for the two applications. © 2012 IEEE.

Lixin Duan, Tsang, IW & Dong Xu 2012, 'Domain Transfer Multiple Kernel Learning', IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 465-479.
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Cross-domain learning methods have shown promising results by leveraging labeled patterns from the auxiliary domain to learn a robust classifier for the target domain which has only a limited number of labeled samples. To cope with the considerable change between feature distributions of different domains, we propose a new cross-domain kernel learning framework into which many existing kernel methods can be readily incorporated. Our framework, referred to as Domain Transfer Multiple Kernel Learning (DTMKL), simultaneously learns a kernel function and a robust classifier by minimizing both the structural risk functional and the distribution mismatch between the labeled and unlabeled samples from the auxiliary and target domains. Under the DTMKL framework, we also propose two novel methods by using SVM and prelearned classifiers, respectively. Comprehensive experiments on three domain adaptation data sets (i.e., TRECVID, 20 Newsgroups, and email spam data sets) demonstrate that DTMKL-based methods outperform existing cross-domain learning and multiple kernel learning methods. © 2012 IEEE.

Loganathan, P, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J & Naidu, R 2012, 'Cadmium Sorption and Desorption in Soils: A Review', CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 489-533.
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Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant that can be readily taken up by plants and may enter the food chain, causing risk to human health. It can also affect soil quality and, if easily leached, has the potential to pollute surface and ground waters. Sorption and desorption are critical processes controlling the phytoavailability and mobility of Cd in soils. The authors present the present knowledge on the mechanisms and hysteresis of Cd sorption and desorption in soils and factors such as pH, ionic strength, index cation, other heavy metal cations, inorganic anions, organic ligands, Cd loading rate, and the type and amounts of organic matter and inorganic colloids influencing these processes. The methods used to determine the nature and magnitude of Cd sorption and desorption are also critically reviewed.

Long, F, Zhou, J & Peng, H 2012, 'Visualization and Analysis of 3D Microscopic Images', PLoS Computational Biology, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. e1002519-e1002519.
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Longbing Cao 2012, 'Social Security and Social Welfare Data Mining: An Overview', IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews), vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 837-853.
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The importance of social security and social welfare business has been increasingly recognized in more and more countries. It impinges on a large proportion of the population and affects government service policies and peopleâs life quality. Typical welfare countries, such as Australia and Canada, have accumulated a huge amount of social security and social welfare data. Emerging business issues such as fraudulent outlays, and customer service and performance improvements challenge existing policies, as well as techniques and systems including data matching and business intelligence reporting systems. The need for a deep understanding of customers and customerâgovernment interactions through advanced data analytics has been increasingly recognized by the community at large. So far, however, no substantial work on the mining of social security and social welfare data has been reported. For the first time in data mining and machine learning, and to the best of our knowledge, this paper draws a comprehensive overall picture and summarizes the corresponding techniques and illustrations to analyze social security/welfare data, namely, social security datamining (SSDM), based on a thorough review of a large number of related references from the past half century. In particular, we introduce an SSDM framework, including business and research issues, social security/welfare services and data, as well as challenges, goals, and tasks in mining social security/welfare data. A summary of SSDM case studies is also presented with substantial citations that direct readers to more specific techniques and practices about SSDM.

Lu, C, Chen, J & Duan, R 2012, 'Some bounds on the minimum number of queries required for quantum channel perfect discrimination', Quantum Information and Computation, vol. 12, no. 1-2, pp. 138-148.
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We prove a lower bound on the q-maximal fidelities between two quantum channels ε 0 and ε 1 and an upper bound on the q-maximal fidelities between a quantum channel ε and an identity I. Then we apply these two bounds to provide a simple sufficient and necessary condition for sequential perfect distinguish ability between ε and I and provide both a lower bound and an upper bound on the minimum number of queries required to sequentially perfectly discriminating ε and I. Interestingly, in the 2-dimensional case, both bounds coincide. Based on the optimal perfect discrimination protocol presented in [20], we can further generalize the lower bound and upper bound to the minimum number of queries to perfectly discriminating ε and I over all possible discrimination schemes. Finally the two lower bounds are shown remain working for perfectly discriminating general two quantum channels ε 0 and ε 1 in sequential scheme and over all possible discrimination schemes respectively. © Rinton Press.

Lu, DDC & Nguyen, QN 2012, 'A photovoltaic panel emulator using a buck-boost DC/DC converter and a low cost micro-controller', Solar Energy, vol. 86, no. 5, pp. 1477-1484.
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Lu, HN, Wei, DB & Jiang, ZY 2012, 'Application of Centroidal Voronoi Diagram in Numerical Model of Microforming Process', Advanced Materials Research, vol. 476-478, pp. 508-512.
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Grain size, shape and orientation play an important role on the deformability of micro workpiece as the geometrical dimensions approach to a characteristic scale in micro-forming process. This paper addresses the three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model with weighed centroidal voronoi diagram (WCVD). Steady-state grains are generated when the voronoi generating points approach the grain centroid utilising a simplex integration algorithm. As a result of the centroidal process, the topological features of grains advance the uniform and steady state gradually, which may cause a decrease of interfacial energy. The grain size distribution is compared between the 3D domain and random cross-sectional plan. The effects of centroidal process on the distributions of grain size and number of grain corners, facet and edge are analysed.

Lu, J, Zhang, G & Jain, LC 2012, 'Handbook on Decision Making', Intelligent Systems Reference Library, vol. 33.
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Lu, J, Zhang, G, Montero, J & Garmendia, L 2012, 'Multifollower Trilevel Decision Making Models and System', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 974-985.
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In a trilevel hierarchical decision problem, the objectives and variables of each decision entity at one level are controlled, in part, by the decision entities at other levels. The choice of values for the decision variables at each level may influence

Lun-De Liao, Chin-Teng Lin, McDowell, K, Wickenden, AE, Gramann, K, Tzyy-Ping Jung, Li-Wei Ko & Jyh-Yeong Chang 2012, 'Biosensor Technologies for Augmented Brain–Computer Interfaces in the Next Decades', Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 100, no. Special Centennial Issue, pp. 1553-1566.
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The study of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) has undergone 30 years of intense development and has grown into a rich and diverse field. BCIs are technologies that enable direct communication between the human brain and external devices. Conventionally, wet electrodes have been employed to obtain unprecedented sensitivity to high-temporal-resolution brain activity; recently, the growing availability of various sensors that can be used to detect high-quality brain signals in a wide range of clinical and everyday environments is being exploited. This development of biosensing neurotechnologies and the desire to implement them in real-world applications have led to the opportunity to develop augmented BCIs (ABCIs) in the upcoming decades. An ABCI is similar to a BCI in that it relies on biosensors that record signals from the brain in everyday environments; the signals are then processed in real time to monitor the behavior of the human. To use an ABCI as a mobile brain imaging technique for everyday, real-life applications, the sensors and the corresponding device must be lightweight and the equipment response time must be short. This study presents an overview of the wide range of biosensor approaches currently being applied to ABCIs, from their use in the laboratory to their application in clinical and everyday use. The basic principles of each technique are described along with examples of current applications of cutting-edge neuroscience research. In summary, we show that ABCI techniques continue to grow and evolve, incorporating new technologies and advances to address ever more complex and important neuroscience issues, with advancements that are envisioned to lead to a wide range of real-life applications. © 2012 IEEE.

Luo, L, Wang, XC, Guo, W, Ngo, HH & Chen, Z 2012, 'Impact assessment of excess discharges of organics and nutrients into aquatic systems by thermodynamic entropy calculation', JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, vol. 112, pp. 45-52.
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In this study, a method was proposed for calculating the thermodynamic entropy increase DS in a water body after receiving excess discharge of organics and nutrients in order to quantitatively assess the impact of pollutants discharge on aquatic systems. The enthalpy change was evaluated using the standard thermodynamic data according to the possible chemical and/or biochemical reactions such as organic oxidation, nitrification/denitrification, and phosphorus precipitation, for the recovery of water quality to the background level. A series of equations were established for calculating the DS associated with the decomposition or removal of TOC, NO3eN, NO2eN, NH3eN and TP. The values of DS corresponding to unit mass (per g) of these pollutants were calculated as 54.0 kJ/K, 2.91 kJ/K, 10.01 kJ/K, 28.51 kJ/K and 2.81 kJ/K, respectively. Besides, the applicability of the proposed method was proved by a scenario analysis regarding effluent quality control and surface water quality protection in China.

Luo, Q & Tong, L 2012, 'Analytic formulas of energy release rates for delamination using a global–local method', International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol. 49, no. 23-24, pp. 3335-3344.
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Luo, Q & Tong, L 2012, 'Laminated plate formulation for photostrictive actuators and sensors', Journal of Composite Materials, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 557-573.
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This paper presents a model for a laminated plate with surface mounted photostrictive materials. The photo-induced electrical, thermal, and mechanical fields in lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) ceramics with 0-3 polarization are considered as the coupled multi-physics fields in PLZT ceramics. The formulation is presented for general multi-physics fields in PLZT ceramics. The actuating and sensing equations are formulated for a 0-3 polarized PLZT laminated plate and they are also applicable to other photostrictive materials such as polymers and semiconductors. The actuated behaviors of a 0-3 polarized PLZT laminated plate subjected to light illumination are investigated and the numerical results calculated using the present formulations are compared with those available in the literatures.

Luo, Q & Tong, L 2012, 'Multifunctional behaviors of an indium tin oxide/PbLa(ZrTi)O₃/indium tin oxide wafer illuminated by ultraviolet light', Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, vol. 23, no. 7, pp. 765-774.
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This article presents multifunctional behaviors of a Pb0.97La0.03(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (3/52/48) wafer subjected to ultraviolet light illumination with a focus on its photoresistive effects. When this PLZT wafer that is spurted with indium tin oxide electrodes and then polarized through thickness is illuminated by ultraviolet light, its resistance increases rather than decreases as observed in conventional photoresistors made of semiconductors. Giant negative voltage and resistance are detected when light is switched off. The bending deformation caused by the photovoltaic and converse piezoelectric effects is examined and the photoinduced electrical field strength is further investigated. The electrical fields in light on–off states are studied. Hysteresis and memristive features of the indium tin oxide/PbLa(ZrTi)O3/indium tin oxide (ITO/PLZT/ITO) sample under repetitive light on–off operations are investigated.

Luo, Z, Zhang, N, Gao, W & Ma, H 2012, 'Structural shape and topology optimization using a meshless Galerkin level set method', International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, vol. 90, no. 3, pp. 369-389.
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SUMMARYThis paper aims to propose a meshless Galerkin level set method for shape and topology optimization of continuum structures. To take advantage of the implicit free boundary representation scheme, the design boundary is represented as the zero level set of a scalar level set function, to flexibly handle complex shape fidelity and topology changes by maintaining concise and smooth interface. Compactly supported radial basis functions (CSRBFs) are used to parameterize the level set function and construct the shape functions for meshfree approximations based on a set of unstructured field nodes. The meshless Galerkin method with global weak form is used to implement the discretization of the state equations. This provides a pathway to unify the two different numerical stages in most conventional level set methods: (1) the propagation of discrete level set function on a set of Eulerian grid and (2) the approximation of discrete equations on a set of Lagrangian mesh. The original more difficult shape and topology optimization based on the level set equation is transformed into a relatively easier size optimization, to which many efficient optimization algorithms can be applied. The proposed level set method can describe the moving boundaries without remeshing for discontinuities. The motion of the free boundary is just a question of advancing the discrete level set function in time by solving the size optimization. Several benchmark examples are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The numerical results show that the proposed method can simplify numerical process and avoid numerical difficulties involved in most conventional level set methods. It is straightforward to apply the proposed method to more advanced shape and topology optimization problems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Luo, Z, Zhang, N, Ji, J & Wu, T 2012, 'A meshfree level-set method for topological shape optimization of compliant multiphysics actuators', COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING, vol. 223, pp. 133-152.
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This paper proposes a topology optimization method for compliant multiphysics actuators of geometrically nonlinear structures using meshfree Galerkin weak-forms and level set methods. The design boundary is implicitly represented as the zero level set of a higher-dimensional level set function, leading to a level set model capable of handling complex shape and topological changes with flexibilities. A family of compactly supported radial basis functions (CSRBFs) is firstly used to interpolate the level set function of Lipschitz continuity, and then augmented to construct the shape function for meshless approximation by satisfying basic requirements, in particular the predetermined consistency and the Kronecker delta function property. A meshless Galerkin method (MGM) with global weak-forms is established to implement the discretization of the state equations. The design of actuators is transformed into an easier size optimization from a more difficult shape and topology optimization. The design boundary evolution is just a question of advancing the discrete level set function in time by updating the design variables of the size optimization. Compared to most conventional level set methods, the proposed meshless level set method is able to implement the free moving boundary discontinuities without remeshing, and unify two different numerical procedures in propagating the discrete level set function (e.g. Eulerian grid) and approximating the state equation (e.g. Lagrangian mesh), respectively. This method can also avoid numerical difficulties in solving a series of complicate Hamilton-Jacobi partial differential equations (PDEs) with explicit time schemes. Two typical numerical examples are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

Ma, J, Zhang, G & Lu, J 2012, 'A Method for Multiple Periodic Factor Prediction Problems Using Complex Fuzzy Sets', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON FUZZY SYSTEMS, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 32-45.
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Multiple periodic factor prediction (MPFP) problems exist widely in multisensor data fusion applications. Development of an effective prediction method should integrate information for multiple periodically changing factors. Because the uncertainty and periodicity coexist in the information used, the prediction method should be able to handle them simultaneously. In this study, complex fuzzy sets are used to represent the information with uncertainty and periodicity. A product-sum aggregation operator (PSAO) is developed for a set of complex fuzzy sets, which is used to integrate information with uncertainty and periodicity, and a PSAO-based prediction (PSAOP) method is then proposed to generate a solution of MPFP problems. This study illustrates the details of the PSAOP method through two real applications in annual sunspot number prediction and bushfire danger rating prediction. Experiments indicate that the proposed PSAOP method effectively handles the uncertainty and periodicity in the information of multiple periodic factors simultaneously and can generate accurate predictions for MPFP problems. © 2012 IEEE.

Ma, XY, Wang, XC, Ngo, H & Guo, W 2012, 'Application of vibrio qinghaiensis sp. Q67 for ecotoxic assessment of environmental waters: A mini review', Journal of Water Sustainability, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 209-220.
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Ecotoxicity assessment using luminescent bacteria has been wildly used because it is rapid, sensitive and cost effective for screening water and wastewater quality. This mini-review focused on the application of Vibrio qinghaiensis sp. Q67 (abbreviated as Q67), a natural freshwater luminescent bacteria strain discovered in China. The characteristics of the bioassay using Q67 were firstly reviewed with comparison to that using the Vibrio fischeri, a widely used marine luminescent bacteria strain. In addition to the principal of bioassay using luminescent bacteria, attention was paid to the applications of Q67 to the toxicity assessment of organic and inorganic substances, and practical water samples. With its advantage for direct evaluation of freshwater samples without salt addition, Q67 toxicity test can be a good alternative of Vibrio fischeri for toxicological study of environmental waters.

Ma, Z, Nie, F, Yang, Y, Uijlings, JRR & Sebe, N 2012, 'Web Image Annotation Via Subspace-Sparsity Collaborated Feature Selection', IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 1021-1030.
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Ma, Z, Nie, F, Yang, Y, Uijlings, JRR, Sebe, N & Hauptmann, AG 2012, 'Discriminating Joint Feature Analysis for Multimedia Data Understanding', IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 1662-1672.
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Macabuag, J, Guragain, R & Bhattacharya, S 2012, 'Seismic retrofitting of non-engineered masonry in rural Nepal', Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Structures and Buildings, vol. 165, no. 6, pp. 273-286.
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One of the greatest causes of casualties in major earthquakes around the world is the collapse of non-engineered masonry buildings (those built without engineering input). Yet by definition non-engineered structures remain largely outside of the scope of modern engineering research, meaning that the majority of those at risk often remain so. A further barrier to realising research in this field is the significant social and economic challenge of implementation in low-income communities, where non-engineered housing is prevalent. This paper introduces a retrofitting technique aimed at preventing or prolonging the collapse of adobe (mud brick) houses under strong earthquakes. This technique uses common polypropylene packaging straps to form a mesh, which is then used to encase structural walls. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the retrofitting technique's development and implementation. The key development stages of static, dynamic and numerical testing are presented, showing that the proposed technique effectively prevents brittle masonry collapse and the loss of debris. An implementation project is then discussed, involving a training programme for rural masons in Nepal, a public shake-table demonstration and the retrofit of a real house. The implementation project proved effective at reaching rural communities but highlighted that government subsidies are required to incentivise the safeguarding of homes among low-income communities.

Machet, T, Lowe, D & Gütl, C 2012, 'On the potential for using immersive virtual environments to support laboratory experiment contextualisation', European Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 527-540.
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Mahamedi, B & Zhu, JG 2012, 'A Novel Approach to Detect Symmetrical Faults Occurring During Power Swings by Using Frequency Components of Instantaneous Three-Phase Active Power', IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 1368-1376.
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Since distance relays are prone to interpret a power swing as a three-phase fault, they should be blocked during the power swing to prevent undesired trips. On the other hand, if any fault occurs during a power swing, they should be fast and reliably unb

Mahlia, TMI, Ng, HM, Olofsson, T, Andriyana, A & Hasanuddin, I 2012, 'Energy and cost savings of optimal thickness for selected insulation materials and air gaps for building walls in tropical climate', Energy Education Science and Technology Part A: Energy Science and Research, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 649-662.
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Air conditioning usage in buildings is one of the major energy consumption sources due to thermal comfort requirement in tropical climate. An efficient building thermal insulation can reduce the energy consumption for cooling systems due to heat transfer from ambient. Therefore, it is crucial to study the effectiveness of energy saving by thermal insulation for buildings. In this study, the savings of ten selected building thermal insulation materials on the energy consumption of air-conditioning for cooling are evaluated based on tropical climate condition in Malaysia. The life-cycle cost analysis is conducted is calculated based on the energy savings. The results have revealed that life cycle cost is varying from 73 to 85%/m 2 wall and energy saving from 85 to 92%/m 2 wall, which can be achieved depending on the insulation material used at their optimal thickness. The insulations Stropor exhibit optimal results in terms of economic benefits. The energy savings of air gap in the wall construction is also investigated for the selected insulation material. It is found that additional 0.64%/m 2 wall of life cycle cost savings can be achieved by applying 6 cm air gap at the selected insulation at optimal thickness. © Sila Science.

Mahlia, TMI, Tohno, S & Tezuka, T 2012, 'A review on fuel economy test procedure for automobiles: Implementation possibilities in Malaysia and lessons for other countries', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 4029-4046.
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Mahmud, MA, Pota, HR & Hossain, MJ 2012, 'Dynamic Stability of Three-Phase Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System Using Zero Dynamic Design Approach', IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 564-571.
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Mahmud, MA, Pota, HR & Hossain, MJ 2012, 'Full-order nonlinear observer-based excitation controller design for interconnected power systems via exact linearization approach', International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 54-62.
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Manzoor, M & Hussain, W 2012, 'A Web Usability Evaluation Model for Higher Education Providing Universities of Asia', Science, Technology and Development, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 183-192.

Marjanovic, O & Freeze, R 2012, 'Knowledge‐Intensive Business Process: Deriving a Sustainable Competitive Advantage through Business Process Management and Knowledge Management Integration', Knowledge and Process Management, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 180-188.
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This paper adopts a holistic approach to Business Process Management (BPM) and Knowledge Management (KM) integration to describe an interesting case of a customer‐facing business process and illustrate its evolving nature, from a highly structured to knowledge‐intensive. More precisely, the paper proposes an integrated multidisciplinary framework and then uses it as a theoretical lens to analyze an organization's journey towards BPM/KM integration in the context of their knowledge‐intensive business processes.Our research findings clearly demonstrate the importance of process‐related knowledge in this company. They also illustrate how different KM aspects of the same BP were used by the organization at different points in time to determine the most appropriate strategies for value‐creation and BPM‐related competitive differentiation. They also confirm previous findings by other researchers that knowledge‐intensive processes do require a different approach to their ongoing improvement. Most importantly for the future BPM/KM research, our case demonstrates that an organization's perception of a BP could change over time (from procedural to knowledge‐intensive), as a result of an increased recognition of process‐related knowledge. This in turn creates new, yet‐to‐be explored challenges for BPM. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Masihpour, M, Abolhasan, M & Franklin, DR 2012, 'NFMIC Cooperative Communication Methods for Body Area Networks.', J. Networks, vol. 7, no. 9, pp. 1431-1440.
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To achieve higher data rate or to extend the coverage range of a wireless communication system, cooperative relay has been seen as a promising solution. This concept has been integrated in many traditional wireless communication networks. However, it has not been extensively examined for near field magnetic induction communication (NFMIC) systems. This paper aims to apply cooperative relay to NFMIC in a sense that is applicable to body area networking, since NFMIC is stated to be a suitable physical layer for body area networks. We have shown that using idle NFMIC nodes as relaying terminals, the system performance will be enhanced, as compared to a point to point communication system. In this context we have proposed three relaying methods to enhance the data rate and the received signal power in a personal area network. The relaying strategies are denoted as MI-Relay, MAMI Relay1 and MAMI Relay2. In this paper, using theoretical studies and simulation results, we have compared the performance of the three strategies and we have shown that higher data rates can be achieved through MAMI Relay1. However, we have discussed that the separation distance between relaying nodes and the source or destination can be a key factor for relay node selection.

Materin, MA, Bianciotto, CG, Wu, C & Shields, CL 2012, 'SECTOR LASER PHOTOCOAGULATION FOR THE PREVENTION OF MACULAR EDEMA AFTER PLAQUE RADIOTHERAPY FOR UVEAL MELANOMA', Retina, vol. 32, no. 8, pp. 1601-1607.
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Objective: To investigate the role of sector laser photocoagulation for prevention of macular edema after plaque radiotherapy for uveal melanoma. Methods: Noncomparative, pilot interventional case series. The main outcome measure was optical coherence tomography-evident macular edema. Results: A total of 29 patients had sector laser photocoagulation (sector panretinal photocoagulation) and sub-Tenon triamcinolone injection. The median tumor thickness and base was 3.3 mm and 10.0 mm. The median radiation dose and rate to the macula was 2,944 cGy and 31.0 cGy/hour. At the 12-month and 24-months follow-up, cystoid macular edema was found in 17% and 24% of the sector panretinal photocoagulation group. There were no major side effects registered. Conclusion: Sector panretinal photocoagulation in combination with sub-Tenon triamcinolone appears to show potential as a safe and beneficial intervention for the prevention of macular edema after plaque radiotherapy for uveal melanoma in this series.

Mathieson, L & Szeider, S 2012, 'Editing graphs to satisfy degree constraints: A parameterized approach', Journal of Computer and System Sciences, vol. 78, no. 1, pp. 179-191.
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We study a wide class of graph editing problems that ask whether a given graph can be modified to satisfy certain degree constraints, using a limited number of vertex deletions, edge deletions, or edge additions. The problems generalize several well-studied problems such as the General Factor Problem and the Regular Subgraph Problem. We classify the parameterized complexity of the considered problems taking upper bounds on the number of editing steps and the maximum degree of the resulting graph as parameters. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Mazzolini, AP, Daniel, S & Edwards, T 2012, 'Using interactive lecture demonstrations to improve conceptual understanding of resonance in an electronics course', Australasian Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 69-88.
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McGloin, D 2012, 'An optical trampoline', Nature, vol. 492, no. 7427, pp. 51-52.
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Melli, G, Wu, X, Beinat, P, Bonchi, F, Cao, L, Duan, R, Faloutsos, C, Ghani, R, Kitts, B, Goethals, B, Mclachlan, G, Pei, J, Srivastava, A & Zaiane, O 2012, 'TOP-10 DATA MINING CASE STUDIES', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & DECISION MAKING, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 389-400.
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We report on the panel discussion held at the ICDM'10 conference on the top 10 data mining case studies in order to provide a snapshot of where and how data mining techniques have made significant real-world impact. The tasks covered by 10 case studies r

Meng, ZX, Zeng, QT, Sun, ZZ, Xu, XX, Wang, YS, Zheng, W & Zheng, YF 2012, 'Immobilizing natural macromolecule on PLGA electrospun nanofiber with surface entrapment and entrapment-graft techniques', Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, vol. 94, pp. 44-50.
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Merigó, J & Gil-Lafuente, A 2012, 'A method for decision making with the OWA operator', Computer Science and Information Systems, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 357-380.
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A new method for decision making that uses the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator in the aggregation of the information is presented. It is used a concept that it is known in the literature as the index of maximum and minimum level (IMAM). This index is based on distance measures and other techniques that are useful for decision making. By using the OWA operator in the IMAM, we form a new aggregation operator that we call the ordered weighted averaging index of maximum and minimum level (OWAIMAM) operator. The main advantage is that it provides a parameterized family of aggregation operators between the minimum and the maximum and a wide range of special cases. Then, the decision maker may take decisions according to his degree of optimism and considering ideals in the decision process. A further extension of this approach is presented by using hybrid averages and Choquet integrals. We also develop an application of the new approach in a multi-person decision-making problem regarding the selection of strategies.

Merigó, JM 2012, 'OWA operators in the weighted average and their application in decision making', Control and Cybernetics, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 605-643.
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We introduce a new aggregation operator that unifies the weighted average (WA) and the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator in a single formulation. We call it the ordered weighted averaging - weighted average (OWAWA) operator. This aggregation operator provides a more complete representation of the weighted average and the OWA operator because it considers the degree of importance that each concept has in the aggregation and includes them as particular cases of a more general context. We study different properties and families of the OWAWA operator. The applicability of this method is very broad because any study that uses the weighted average or the OWA can be revised and extended with our approach. We focus on a multi-person decision-making application in the selection of financial strategies.

Merigó, JM 2012, 'Probabilities in the OWA operator', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 39, no. 13, pp. 11456-11467.
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Merigó, JM 2012, 'The probabilistic weighted average and its application in multiperson decision making', International Journal of Intelligent Systems, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 457-476.
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Merigó, JM & Casanovas, M 2012, 'Decision-making with uncertain aggregation operators using the Dempster-Shafer belief structure', International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information and Control, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 1037-1061.
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We develop a new decision-making model using the Dempster-Shafer (D-S) belief structure when available information is uncertain and can be assessed with interval numbers. We use a wide range of aggregation operators involving interval numbers such as the uncertain weighted average (UWA), the uncertain ordered weighted average (UOWA), the uncertain generalized weighted average (UGWA) and the uncertain generalized ordered weighted average (UGOWA). We present a new approach to using interval weights in these uncertain aggregation operators. By using these aggregation operators within a D-S framework, we obtain various belief structures (BS), including the UWA (BS-UWA), the BS-UOWA, the BS-UGWA and the BS-UGOWA. We also use more complete formulations by using induced, hybrid and quasi-arithmetic aggregation operators. We end the paper by applying these operators to a decision-making problem regarding strategic management. © 2012 ICIC International.

Merigo, JM & Gil-Lafuente, AM 2012, 'Decision-making techniques with similarity measures and OWA operators', SORT, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 81-102.
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We analyse the use of the ordered weighted average (OWA) in decision-making giving special attention to business and economic decision-making problems. We present several aggregation techniques that are very useful for decision-making such as the Hamming distance, the adequacy coefficient and the index of maximum and minimum level. We suggest a new approach by using immediate weights, that is, by using the weighted average and the OWA operator in the same formulation. We further generalize them by using generalized and quasi-arithmetic means. We also analyse the applicability of the OWA operator in business and economics and we see that we can use it instead of the weighted average. We end the paper with an application in a business multi-person decision-making problem regarding production management.

Merigó, JM, Carral, CL & Castillo, AC 2012, 'Decision making in the European Union under risk and uncertainty', European J. of International Management, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 590-590.
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Merigo, JM, Casanovas, M & Engemann, KJ 2012, 'GROUP DECISION-MAKING WITH GENERALIZED AND PROBABILISTIC AGGREGATION OPERATORS', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE COMPUTING INFORMATION AND CONTROL, vol. 8, no. 7A, pp. 4823-4835.

Merigó, JM, Casanovas, M & Engemann, KJ 2012, 'Group decision-making with generalized and probabilistic aggregation operators', International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information and Control, vol. 8, no. 7 A, pp. 4823-4835.
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The aim of this paper is to introduce a unified model between the generalized ordered weighted averaging (GOWA) operator and the generalized probabilistic aggregation. We present the generalized probabilistic OWA (GPOWA) operator. It is a new aggregation operator that unifies the probability with the OWA operator considering the degree of importance that each concept has in the analysis. It includes a wide range of particular cases including the GOWA operator and the probabilistic OWA (POWA) operator. We also study the applicability of this new approach and we see that it is very broad because all the previous studies that use the probability or the OWA operator can be revised with this new approach. We develop an application in multi-person decision making concerning the selection of the optimal strategies. © ICIC International 2012.

Merigó, JM, Gil-Lafuente, AM & Martorell, O 2012, 'Uncertain induced aggregation operators and its application in tourism management', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 869-880.
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Merigó, JM, Gil-Lafuente, AM, Zhou, L-G & Chen, H-Y 2012, 'Induced and Linguistic Generalized Aggregation Operators and Their Application in Linguistic Group Decision Making', Group Decision and Negotiation, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 531-549.
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Merigó-Lindahl, JM 2012, 'Bibliometric Analysis of Business and Economics in the Web of Science', Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing, vol. 287, pp. 3-17.
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We present a general overview of the most influential results found in the Web of Science in the subject area of Business & Economics that includes the categories of Business, Economics, Business Finance and Management. We analyse the most cited papers in the history and rank the most influential institutions by number of papers published. We analyse the most relevant journals, the temporal evolution and the countries with the highest number of publications. We also develop a similar analysis to the Spanish case studying the most cited papers, the most influential institutions and the temporal evolution. Note that this study is only based on the results found on the Web of Science with the objective of giving a general overview of the research done in Business & Economics especially over the last half century. However, many exceptions and particularities may be found throughout the results. © 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Mesgari, S, Poon, YF, Yan, LY, Chen, Y, Loo, LS, Thong, YX & Chan-Park, MB 2012, 'High Selectivity cum Yield Gel Electrophoresis Separation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Using a Chemically Selective Polymer Dispersant', The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol. 116, no. 18, pp. 10266-10273.
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Pure semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are appealing for many electronic circuits and devices, but the presence of parasitic metallic SWNTs in all as-synthesized nanotube samples makes this application elusive. Agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) can be used to separate metallic from semiconducting SWNTs when applied in conjunction with the use of an appropriate surfactant or dispersant. To date, only sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) has been reported to permit considerable separation with AGE. In this study, we report on the considerably better separation achieved using chondroitin sulfate (CS-A) as a dispersant in AGE compared with SDS-assisted AGE. The CS-A assisted AGE technique may be used to produce in a single pass semiconducting SWNTs with purity of 95%, compared with 85% purity achieved with SDS-assisted AGE for the same arc discharge nanotubes. Further, the yield of CS-A assisted AGE is about 25%, which is in the order of 5 to 10 times the yields of other reported highly selective techniques. Semiconducting SWNTs produced via CS-A/AGE were used to fabricate field effect transistors (FET) with mobilities of ∼2 to 8 cm 2/(V s) and on/off ratios from 10 2 to 10 5, which are significantly higher than the mobility of 0.7 cm 2/(V s), and on/off ratio of 10 4 reported for FETs made with semiconducting SWNTs produced by SDS-assisted AGE. The excellent yield-cum-purity single-pass separation is achievable with this unique chemically selective CS-A dispersant with AGE because of its ability to wrap the nanotubes well, high degree of sulfation making the nanotube/CS-A hybrid highly charged and amine functionality resulting in preselectivity of metallic nanotubes, causing the latter to migrate much more effectively under a uniform electric field. © 2012 American Chemical Society.

MingSheng, Y, Yuan, F, RunYao, D, YangJia, L & NengKun, Y 2012, 'Quantum programming: From theories to implementations', CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN, vol. 57, no. 16, pp. 1903-1909.
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This paper surveys the new field of programming methodology and techniques for future quantum computers, including design of sequential and concurrent quantum programming languages, their semantics and implementations. Several verification methods for qu

Mirtalaei, MS, Saberi, M, Hussain, OK, Ashjari, B & Hussain, FK 2012, 'A trust-based bio-inspired approach for credit lending decisions', COMPUTING, vol. 94, no. 7, pp. 541-577.
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Credit scoring computation essentially involves taking into account various financial factors and the previous behavior of the credit requesting person. There is a strong degree of correlation between the compliance level and the credit score of a given entity. The concept of trust has been widely used and applied in the existing literature to determine the compliance level of an entity. However it has not been studied in the context of credit scoring literature. In order to address this shortcoming, in this paper we propose a six-step bio-inspired methodology for trust-based credit lending decisions by credit institutions. The proposed methodology makes use of an artificial neural network-based model to classify the (potential) customers into various categories. To show the applicability and superiority of the proposed algorithm, it is applied to a credit-card dataset obtained from the UCI repository. Due to the varying spectrum of trust levels, we are able to solve the problem of binary credit lending decisions. A trust-based credit scoring approach allows the financial institutions to grant credit-based on the level of trust in potential customers. © Springer-Verlag 2012.

Mitra, A, Barua, P, Zaman, S & Banerjee, K 2012, 'Analysis of Trace Metals in Commercially Important Crustaceans Collected from UNESCO Protected World Heritage Site of Indian Sundarbans', Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 49-61.
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Mofijur, M, Masjuki, HH, Kalam, MA & Shahabuddin, M 2012, 'Experimental study of additive added palm biodiesel in a compression ignition engine', Energy Education Science and Technology Part A: Energy Science and Research, vol. 30, no. SPEC .ISS.1, pp. 1-12.
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In this study, the effect of anti oxidant additives on performance and emissions of a biofuelled engine was investigated experimentally and compared with diesel fuel. For this study four fuel sample including B0 (100% diesel fuel), B100 (100% palm biodiesel), B35 (35% palm biodiesel and 65% diesel) and B35+1% (B35 with 1% additives) was used in a multi cylinder compression ignition engine. Performance and emissions were investigated at various engine speeds of 1500 rpm to 4000 rpm at an interval of 250 rpm and with 50% throttle opening. To evaluate the performance characteristics brake power (BP), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and exhaust temperature were tested where as incase of emissions test nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), total hydrocarbon (THC) and carbon dioxide (CO2) were measured. The results showed that using 1% anti oxidant additive with higher percentages (35%) of palm biodiesel blend gave 2.7% lower brake power but it significantly reduced exhaust emissions including NOx emissions than diesel fuel. Based on this study fuel 'B35+1%' (35% biodiesel with 1% additives) was achieved as a promising alternative fuel for compression ignition engine. © Sila Science.

Mofijur, M, Masjuki, HH, Kalam, MA, Hazrat, MA, Liaquat, AM, Shahabuddin, M & Varman, M 2012, 'Prospects of biodiesel from Jatropha in Malaysia', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 16, no. 7, pp. 5007-5020.
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Mofijur, M, Masjuki, HH, Kalam, MA, Shahabuddin, M, Hazrat, MA & Liaquat, AM 2012, 'Palm Oil Methyl Ester and Its Emulsions Effect on Lubricant Performance and Engine Components Wear', Energy Procedia, vol. 14, pp. 1748-1753.
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Mohammady, M, Pourghasemi, HR & Pradhan, B 2012, 'Landslide susceptibility mapping at Golestan Province, Iran: A comparison between frequency ratio, Dempster–Shafer, and weights-of-evidence models', Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, vol. 61, pp. 221-236.
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Mohammed, T, Aryal, R, Vigneswaran, S, Loganathan, P, Kandasamy, J & Naidu, R 2012, 'Removal of heavy metals in stormwater by hydrous ferric oxide', PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS-WATER MANAGEMENT, vol. 165, no. 3, pp. 171-178.
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Stormwater runoff from urban and industrial areas contains several types of heavy metals that have negative ecological impacts on receiving waters, and therefore methods need to be developed to remove these pollutants. Combined removal of a mixture of heavy metal cations (Cu 2+, Zn 2+, Cd 2+, and Ni 2+) and an oxy anion (selenate, SeO 4-) from an artificially prepared stormwater was investigated by sorption of these heavy metals on hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) in a column experiment under intermittent runoff (wetting and drying) condition, as occurs between rainfall events in the field. The heavy metal removal behaviour varied between ions as well as with time. In each continuous column run (8 h) the amount of ions removed progressively decreased with time and reached a constant level at approximately 4-6 h. However, stopping the runoff for 40 h and starting the next runoff after this period removed a large quantity of heavy metals in the first few hours of this run. The intermittent runoff for seven runs showed that HFO has a high capacity to remove copper and zinc, which were present in higher concentrations in the stormwater than cadmium, nickel and selenium.

Mohammed, T, Loganathan, P, Kinsela, A, Vigneswaran, S & Kandasamy, J 2012, 'Enrichment, inter-relationship, and fractionation of heavy metals in road-deposited sediments of Sydney, Australia', SOIL RESEARCH, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 229-238.
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Urban road-deposited sediments (RDS) are potential sources of heavy metal pollution of both terrestrial and aquatic environments. We determined the heavy metals enrichments, their possible sources, and potential bioavailability and mobility in RDS from nine sites along major motorways of Sydney, the largest city with highest road traffic density in Australia. Mean total concentrations of metals in the RDS decreased in the order: Fe >Mn >Zn >Cu >Cr >Pb >Ni >Cd. The corresponding order in the background soils (minimally contaminated from roads) was: Fe >Mn >Zn ∼ Ni >Cu ∼ Pb >Cr >Cd. Both the pollution index (PI) and metal enrichment factor (EF), which are comparative measures between contaminated and uncontaminated sites, were highest for Cu and Zn. Inputs of Cu and Zn to RDS were likely to be mainly the result of brake and tyre wear, respectively. Cluster and correlation analyses showed that while the concentrations of these two metals were related in the soil, they were not correlated in RDS. Low PI and EF values as well as the close inter-relationships of Fe, Mn, Cr, and Ni in both RDS and soils suggest that these metals were derived mainly from natural sources. Metal fractionation data showed 5095% of Cr and Fe in RDS to be present in the immobile and bio-unavailable residual fraction, whereas 1565% of Zn was contained in the exchangeable fraction, which is considered to be mobile and bioavailable. © 2012 CSIRO.

Mohammed, T, Vigneswaran, S, Loganathan, P, Kandasamy, J & Aryal, R 2012, 'Removal of Inorganic Contaminants from Simulated Stormwater by Three Sorbents in Columns Under Intermittent Runoff Condition', SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 47, no. 16, pp. 2340-2347.
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Combined removal of inorganic contaminants from a synthetic tormwater was investigated by their sorption on hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) (5%), HFO + Ca(OH)2(6%), and HFO + Ca(OH)2 + MnO2 (7%) in columns containing 93-95% anthracite, conducted under seven intermittent runoffs, each of 8 h duration with a 40 h (drying) period between them. At the initial period when Ca(OH)2 produced elevated pHs, the HFO column removed less metals but more Se than the HFO + Ca(OH)2 columns. With increased time when the pH effect of Ca(OH)2 became insignificant, the MnO2 in the column increased the removal of all contaminants. The removal efficiencies (%) at the flow rate of 0.75 m/h for Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn by the HFO + Ca(OH)2 + MnO2 column were 88-100%, and Se by the HFO column were 92-94% for the 1st and 3rd runs. The corresponding values for the 5th and 7th runs were 51-88% and 82-88%, respectively.

Mokhtar, M, Ali, MT, Khalilpour, R, Abbas, A, Shah, N, Hajaj, AA, Armstrong, P, Chiesa, M & Sgouridis, S 2012, 'Solar-assisted Post-combustion Carbon Capture feasibility study', APPLIED ENERGY, vol. 92, no. C, pp. 668-676.
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Solvent-based Post-combustion Carbon Capture (PCC) is one of the promising technologies for reducing CO2 emissions from existing fossil-fuel power plants due to ease of retrofitting. A significant obstacle in widely deploying this technology is the power plant output reduction (Output Power Penalty – OPP) due to the energy intensive CO2 separation process. In this paper we propose and theoretically evaluate a system to reduce the OPP by providing part of the PCC energy input using solar thermal energy. It is hypothesized that reducing the OPP during the daytime coincides with peaks in wholesale electricity prices thus increasing the revenue stream for a solar-assisted PCC (SPCC) plant. The general framework for assessing and sizing an SPCC system is presented. A techno-economic assessment is performed as a case study for a 300MWe pulverized coal power plant in New South Wales, Australia using actual weather and wholesale electricity price data. It is shown that the proposed technology can be economically viable for solar collector costs of US$100/m2 at current retail electricity prices and optimal Solar load-Fraction (SF) of 22% (SF is the portion of solvent regeneration energy provided by solar energy). The convergence of increasing electricity prices and decreasing collector costs improves SPCC viability at higher SF.

Molla, M, Saha, SC & Khan, MAI 2012, 'MHD natural convection flow from an isothermal horizontal circular cylinder under consideration of temperature dependent viscosity', Engineering Computations, vol. 29, no. 8, pp. 875-887.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss, with numerical simulations, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) natural convection laminar flow from an isothermal horizontal circular cylinder immersed in a fluid with viscosity proportional to a linear function of temperature.Design/methodology/approachThe governing boundary layer equations are transformed into a non‐dimensional form and the resulting nonlinear system of partial differential equations are reduced to convenient form, which are solved numerically by two very efficient methods: implicit finite difference method together with Keller box scheme; and direct numerical scheme.FindingsNumerical results are presented by velocity and temperature distributions of the fluid as well as heat transfer characteristics, namely the shearing stress and the local heat transfer rate in terms of the local skin‐friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number for a wide range of MHD parameter, viscosity‐variation parameter and viscous dissipation parameter.Originality/valueMHD flow in this geometry with temperature dependent viscosity is absent in the literature. IN this paper, the results obtained from the numerical simulations have been verified by two methodologies.

Molla, MM, Saha, SC & Hossain, MA 2012, 'The Effect of Temperature Dependent Viscosity on MHD Natural Convection Flow from an Isothermal Sphere', Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics, vol. 5, no. 02, pp. 25-31.
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Mollahasani, A, Alavi, AH & Gandomi, AH 2012, 'Reply to Comments on “Empirical modelling of plate load test moduli of soil via gene expression programming” by Ali Mollahasani, Amir Hossein Alavi, Amir Hossein Gandomi [Computers and Geotechnics 38 (2011) 281–286]', Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 39, pp. 73-74.
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Montavon, C, Gloss, BS, Warton, K, Barton, CA, Statham, AL, Scurry, JP, Tabor, B, Nguyen, TV, Qu, W, Samimi, G, Hacker, NF, Sutherland, RL, Clark, SJ & O'Brien, PM 2012, 'Prognostic and diagnostic significance of DNA methylation patterns in high grade serous ovarian cancer', Gynecologic Oncology, vol. 124, no. 3, pp. 582-588.
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Objective. Altered DNA methylation patterns hold promise as cancer biomarkers. In this study we selected a panel of genes which are commonly methylated in a variety of cancers to evaluate their potential application as biomarkers for prognosis and diagnosis in high grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC); the most common and lethal subtype of ovarian cancer. Methods. The methylation patterns of 10 genes (BRCA1, EN1, DLEC1, HOXA9, RASSF1A, GATA4, GATA5, HSULF1, CDH1, SFN) were examined and compared in a cohort of 80 primary HGSOC and 12 benign ovarian surface epithelium (USE) samples using methylation-specific headloop suppression PCR. Results. The genes were variably methylated in primary HGSOC, with HOXA9 methylation observed in 95% of cases. Most genes were rarely methylated in benign USE, with the exception of SFN which was methylated in all HGSOC and benign USE samples examined. Methylation of DLEC1 was associated with disease recurrence, independent of tumor stage and suboptimal surgical debulking (HR 3.5 (95% CI:1.10-11.07), p=0.033). A combination of the methylation status of HOXA9 and EN1 could discriminate HGSOC from benign USE with a sensitivity of 98.8% and a specificity of 91.7%, which increased to 100% sensitivity with no loss of specificity when pre-operative CA125 levels were also incorporated. Conclusions. This study provides further evidence to support the feasibility of detecting altered DNA methylation patterns as a potential diagnostic and prognostic approach for HGSOC.

Moore, JL, Dickson-Deane, C, Galyen, K, Kumalasari, C & Kwon, K 2012, 'The ZONE learning community: Gaining knowledge through mentoring', First Monday, vol. 17, no. 9, p. 8.
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Assisting doctoral students with developing teaching skills along with providing effective instruction is a common dilemma in academia. We propose a model for developing skill sets of two audiences, doctoral teaching assistants and students. For the teaching assistants, or ZONE mentors, they gain valuable and meaningful skills in course design, online feedback and evaluation, and demonstration of course concepts. For students, the ZONE model encourages self–direction, development of evaluation skills, and the ability to problem solve when assisting peers. Each audience gains experience through scaffolding and mentoring.

Moradi, A, Zhand, S, Ghaemi, A, Javid, N & Tabarraei, A 2012, 'Mutations in the S gene region of hepatitis B virus genotype D in Golestan Province-Iran', Virus Genes, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 382-387.
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Moreno‐de las Heras, M, Saco, PM, Willgoose, GR & Tongway, DJ 2012, 'Variations in hydrological connectivity of Australian semiarid landscapes indicate abrupt changes in rainfall‐use efficiency of vegetation', Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, vol. 117, no. G3.
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Dryland vegetation frequently shows self‐organized spatial patterns as mosaic‐like structures of sources (bare areas) and sinks (vegetation patches) of water runoff and sediments with variable interconnection. Good examples are banded landscapes displayed by Mulga in semiarid Australia, where the spatial organization of vegetation optimizes the redistribution and use of water (and other scarce resources) at the landscape scale. Disturbances can disrupt the spatial distribution of vegetation causing a substantial loss of water by increasing landscape hydrological connectivity and consequently, affecting ecosystem function (e.g., decreasing the rainfall‐use efficiency of the landscape). We analyze (i) connectivity trends obtained from coupled analysis of remotely sensed vegetation patterns and terrain elevations in several Mulga landscapes subjected to different levels of disturbance, and (ii) the rainfall‐use efficiency of these landscapes, exploring the relationship between rainfall and remotely sensed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. Our analyses indicate that small reductions in the fractional cover of vegetation near a particular threshold can cause abrupt changes in ecosystem function, driven by large nonlinear increases in the length of the connected flowpaths. In addition, simulations with simple vegetation‐thinning algorithms show that these nonlinear changes are especially sensitive to the type of disturbance, suggesting that the amount of alterations that an ecosystem can absorb and still remain functional largely depends on disturbance type. In fact, selective thinning of the vegetation patches from their edges can cause a higher impact on the landscape hydrological connectivity than spatially random disturbances. These results highlight surface connectivity patterns as practical indicators for monitoring landscape health.

Moroder, T, Curty, M, Lim, CCW, Thinh, LP, Zbinden, H & Gisin, N 2012, 'Security of distributed-phase-reference quantum key distribution', Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 109, p. 260501.
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Distributed-phase-reference quantum key distribution stands out for its easyimplementation with present day technology. Since many years, a full securityproof of these schemes in a realistic setting has been elusive. For the firsttime, we solve this long standing problem and present a generic method to provethe security of such protocols against general attacks. To illustrate ourresult we provide lower bounds on the key generation rate of a variant of thecoherent-one-way quantum key distribution protocol. In contrast to standardpredictions, it appears to scale quadratically with the system transmittance.

Mousavi, SM, Aminian, P, Gandomi, AH, Alavi, AH & Bolandi, H 2012, 'A new predictive model for compressive strength of HPC using gene expression programming', Advances in Engineering Software, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 105-114.
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Mueller, J & Stewart, MG 2012, 'The Terrorism Delusion: America's Overwrought Response to September 11', International Security, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 81-110.
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The reaction of Americans to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, has been massively disproportionate to the actual threat posed by al-Qaida either as an international menace or as an inspiration or model for homegrown amateurs. An examination of the activities of international and domestic terrorist “adversaries” reveals that exaggerations and distortions of the threat have inspired a determined and expensive quest to ferret out, and even to create, the nearly nonexistent. The result has been an ill-conceived and remarkably unreflective effort to react to an event that, however tragic and dramatic in the first instance, should have been seen to be of only limited significance at least after a few years. Not only has the terrorism delusion had significant costs, but the initial alarmed perspective has been so internalized that anxieties about terrorism have persisted for more than a decade despite exceedingly limited evidence that much fear is justified.

Mullard, JA & Stewart, MG 2012, 'Life-Cycle Cost Assessment of Maintenance Strategies for RC Structures in Chloride Environments', Journal of Bridge Engineering, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 353-362.
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Corrosion of the reinforcing steel can cause cover cracking and eventual spalling of reinforced concrete (RC) surfaces, resulting in costly and disruptive repairs. The present paper will compare the effect of maintenance and repair strategies on the timing, extent, and cost of remediation actions over the service life of a RC structure in a chloride environment. The paper presents a probabilistic reliability analysis, which is used to predict the likelihood and extent of corrosion-induced cracking to RC structures. A spatial time-dependent reliability model has been developed where concrete properties, concrete cover, and the surface chloride concentrations are treated as random fields. This allows for the calculation of the probability that a given extent of damage will occur for any time period. Maintenance strategies and repair efficiencies are incorporated in a Monte-Carlo event-based simulation analysis, allowing a comparison in terms of cost and number of repairs over the service life of a RC structure. Thus, the expected timing and extent of repairs can be predicted for various design parameters, inspection intervals, repair thresholds, maintenance strategies, and efficiency of repairs. Results are presented for a RC bridge deck subject to a marine environment. The life-cycle cost (LCC) analysis considers repair and user delay costs. User delay costs can be up to ten times higher than the cost of repair itself. The statistical variability of predicted LCCs can be large, with coefficients of variation exceeding one. © 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers.

Munro, WJ, Stephens, AM, Devitt, SJ, Harrison, KA & Nemoto, K 2012, 'Quantum communication without the necessity of quantum memories', Nature Photonics, vol. 6, no. 11, pp. 777-781.
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Muşat, C, Trǎuşan-Matu, S, Velcin, J & Rizoiu, MA 2012, 'Automatic extraction of conceptual labels from topic models', UPB Scientific Bulletin, Series C: Electrical Engineering, vol. 74, no. 2, pp. 57-68.
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This work outlines a novel system that automatically extracts conceptual labels for statistically obtained topics. By creating a projection of the topic, which is a distribution over all the vocabulary words, over the WordNet ontology we succeed in associating concepts to the said groups of words. The most important contributions of this paper are connected to the validation of the role of these concepts as topical labels and the determination of correlations that emerge between the utility of these labels and the strength of the relation between the concepts and the topics.

Musau, F, Wang, G, Yu, S & Abdullahi, MB 2012, 'Securing Recommendations in Grouped P2P E-Commerce Trust Model', IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 407-420.
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In dynamic peer to peer (P2P) e-commerce, it is an important and difficult problem to promote online businesses without sacrificing the desired trust to secure transactions. In this paper, we address malicious threats in order to guarantee secrecy and integrity of recommendations exchanged among peers in P2P e-commerce. In addition to trust, secret keys are required to be established between each peer and its neighbors. Further, we propose a key management approach gkeying to generate six types of keys. Our work mainly focuses on key generation for securing recommendations, and ensuring the integrity of recommendations. The proposed approach presented with a security and performance analysis, is more secure and more efficient in terms of communication cost, computation cost, storage cost, and feasibility. © 2012 IEEE.

Nabavi, SF, Nejadi, S & Samali, B 2012, 'Technical and Economical Assessment of the Corrosion Preventive Methods for Maritime Reinforced Concrete Structures', Applied Mechanics and Materials, vol. 193-194, pp. 1005-1009.
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Corrosion of embedded steel reinforcing in concrete structures is the predominant phenomenon of premature deterioration of structures exposed to marine environment. In this study, the technical advantages and disadvantages of the most commonly corrosion preventive methods are investigated and then cost analysis by comparing the Present Value of the methods is carried out for 40 years of life time. This investigation proved that the lower cost methods have not shown an acceptable performance in long term and those which have exhibited a good performance, have increased the lifetime cost of structure considerably.

Naimi, B & Voinov, A 2012, 'StellaR: A software to translate Stella models into R open-source environment', Environmental Modelling & Software, vol. 38, pp. 117-118.
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Nazem, M, Kardani, M, Carter, JP & Sheng, D 2012, 'A comparative study of error assessment techniques for dynamic contact problems of geomechanics', Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 40, pp. 62-73.
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Neshat, M, Adeli, A, Sepidnam, G & Sargolzaei, M 2012, 'Predication of concrete mix design using adaptive neural fuzzy inference systems and fuzzy inference systems', The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 63, no. 1-4, pp. 373-390.
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Neshat, M, Adeli, A, Sepidnam, G, Sargolzaei, M & Toosi, AN 2012, 'A Review of Artificial Fish Swarm Optimization Methods and Applications', International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 107-148.
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Abstract The Swarm Intelligence is a new and modern method employed in optimization problems. The Swarm Intelligence method is based on the en masse movement of living animals like birds, fishes, ants and other social animals. Migration, seeking for food and fighting with enemies are social behaviors of animals. Optimization principle is seen in these animals. The Artificial Fish Swarm Optimization (AFSA) method is one of the Swarm Intelligence approaches that works based on the population and stochastic search. Fishes show very intelligently social behaviors. This algorithm is one of the best approaches of the Swarm Intelligence method with considerable advantages like high convergence speed, flexibility, error tolerance and high accuracy. this paper review the AFSA algorithm, its evolution stages from the start point up to now, improvements and applications in various fields like optimization, control, image processing, data mining, improving neural networks, networks, scheduling, and signal processing and so on. Also, various methods combining the AFSA with other optimization methods like PSO, Fuzzy Logic, Cellular Learning Automata or intelligent search methods like Tabu search, Simulated Annealing, Chaos Search and etc.

Neshat, M, Sargolzaei, M, Masoumi, A & Najaran, A 2012, 'A New Kind of Pso: Predator Particle Swarm Optimization', International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 521-539.
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Abstract Today, swarm intelligence is widely used in optimization problems. PSO is one the best swarm intelligence methods. In the method, each particle moves toward the direction in which the best individual and group experience has happened. The most important disadvantage of this method is that it falls in local optima. To fix the problem, a metaheuristic method is proposed in this paper. There has always been a competition between prey and predator in the nature. Little birds often fly in a colony form to run away from birds of prey. Being inspired by the phenomenon, a new particle is added to PSO algorithm known as predator, also a new behavior called “Take flight from predator” is defined.This particle is responsible for attacking the colony of particles so as to prevent the premature convergence. With the predator attack to the colony, particles run away and again the chance rises for a Global optimum to be gained. The attack just caused particles dispersion and no particle dies. It can be repeated for m times and the optimal point is saved each time. To test the method, 12 benchmark functions were employed and the results were compared to OPSO, VPSO, LPSO, and GPSO methods. Regarding the results, the proposed method had a better performance.

Nguyen, DN & Krunz, M 2012, 'Price-Based Joint Beamforming and Spectrum Management in Multi-Antenna Cognitive Radio Networks', IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 30, no. 11, pp. 2295-2305.
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We consider the problem of maximizing the throughput of a multi-antenna cognitive radio (CR) network. With spatial multiplexing over each frequency band, a multi-antenna CR node controls its antenna radiation directions and allocates power for each data stream by appropriately adjusting its precoding matrix. Our objective is to design a set of precoding matrices (one per band) at each CR node so that power and spectrum are optimally allocated for the node and its interference is steered away from unintended receivers. The problem is non-convex, with the number of variables growing quadratically with the number of antenna elements. To tackle it, we translate it into a noncooperative game. We derive an optimal pricing policy for each node, which adapts to the node's neighboring conditions and drives the game to a Nash-Equilibrium (NE). The network throughput under this NE equals to that of a locally optimal solution of the non-convex centralized problem. To find the set of precoding matrices at each node (best response), we develop a low-complexity distributed algorithm by exploiting the strong duality of the convex per-user optimization problem. The number of variables in the distributed algorithm is independent of the number of antenna elements. A centralized (cooperative) algorithm is also developed. Simulations show that the network throughput under the distributed algorithm rapidly converges to that of the centralized one. Finally, we develop a MAC protocol that implements our resource allocation and beamforming scheme. Extensive simulations show that the proposed protocol dramatically improves the network throughput and reduces power consumption. © 1983-2012 IEEE.

Nguyen, HT, Pourian, M, Bystrom, B, Dahlin, I, Duc, PT, Nguyen, TV, von Schoultz, B & Hirschberg, AL 2012, 'Low aglycone content in commercial soy drink products.', Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 52-56.
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The effectiveness of soy isoflavones to prevent bone loss in postmenopausal women is controversial. While consumption of soy in Vietnam is very high, we recently reported a prevalence of osteoporosis comparable to that of many Western populations. In the present study, we analyzed the isoflavone content of soy drink products commercially available in Vietnam and Sweden, and we also compared these products to 'home-made' soy drink from beans of different origin. The amounts of the bioactive aglycones (daidzein, glycitein and genistein) and their glycoside isomers were quantified by high-pressure liquid chromatography. We found that the total isoflavone content was low in all preparations, around 70-100 mg/L and of this only 10% were bioactive aglycones. Of these, the Vietnamese products contained significantly lower levels of glycitein than the products from Sweden and 'home-made' soy drink preparations. The results show that consumption of several liters of soy drink per day would be needed to achieve threshold levels for a protective effect on bone. There was no significant association between total protein and isoflavone content in different products. Accurate labeling of soy drink and other products eg of aglycone and glycoside content would allow health professionals and researchers to better explore the possible benefits of soy in dietary intervention studies.

Nguyen, T, Ngo, H, Guo, W & Nguyen, V 2012, 'Phosphorous removal from aqueous solutions by agricultural by-products: A critical review', Journal of Water Sustainability, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 193-207.
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Phosphorous plays an essential role in the development of living organisms. Nevertheless, phosphorous pollution, known as the eutrophication, is regarded as one of main causes of water quality deterioration. Hence, the decontamination of phosphorous from aqueous solutions is of importance for eutrophication control and phosphorous recovery. This review paper investigates the potential use of agricultural by-products (ABPs) as biosorbents in remediation of phosphorous contaminated waters. It was found that the modified ABPs exhibit equivalent or higher sorption capacity of phosphorous compared to conventional adsorbents. The efficient removal of phosphorous by ABPs requires some chemical modifications. The application of ABPs is highly recommended because of their significant advantages, including the abundant availability, low cost, high efficiency and without detrimental impacts on the environment. As adsorptive removal of phosphorous by ABPs is a relatively new process, there are still many aspects for future research, such as development of novel and cost-effective modification techniques, modeling for process optimization, desorption, cost-benefit analysis etc. The improvements in these aspects are expected to make it the method of choice in the future.

Nguyen, TT, Ngo, HH, Guo, W, Li, J & Listowski, A 2012, 'Effects of Sludge Concentrations and Different Sponge Configurations on the Performance of a Sponge-Submerged Membrane Bioreactor', APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, vol. 167, no. 6, pp. 1678-1687.
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The performance of a novel sponge-submerged membrane bioreactor (SSMBR) was evaluated to treat primary treated sewage effluent at three different activated sludge concentrations. Polyurethane sponge cubes with size of 1×1×1 cm were used as attached growth media in the bioreactor. The results indicated the successful removal of organic carbon and phosphorous with the efficiency higher than 98% at all conditions. Acclimatised sponge MBR showed about 5% better ammonia nitrogen removal at 5 and 10 g/L sludge concentration as compared to the new sponge system. The respiration test revealed that the specific oxygen uptake rate was around 1.0-3.5 mgO2/gVSS.h and likely more stable at 10 g/L sludge concentration. The sludge volume index of less than 100 mL/g during the operation indicated the good settling property of the sludge. The low mixed liquor suspended solid increase indicated that SSMBR could control the sludge production. This SSMBR was also successful in reducing membrane fouling with significant lower transmembrane pressure (e.g. only 0.5 kPa/day) compared to the conventional MBR system. Further study will be conducted to optimise other operating conditions. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012.

Nguyen, TT, Ngo, HH, Guo, W, Listowski, A & Li, JX 2012, 'Evaluation of sponge tray-membrane bioreactor (ST-MBR) for primary treated sewage effluent treatment', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 113, pp. 143-147.
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The membrane bioreactor system (MBR) with pre-treatment of sponge tray bioreactor (STB) was evaluated at different operating conditions for treating primary treated sewage (PTS). The result indicated the successful removal of DOC with the efficiency of higher than 95%. The highest nutrient removal efficiency of 83.6% (NH 4-N) and 75.5% (PO 4-P) was observed at sludge concentration of 330mg/L. Specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) of activated sludge in MBR kept increasing up to 6mgO 2/gVSSh during stage IV. The sludge volume index (SVI) of less than 100mL/g during the operation indicated the good settling property of the sludge. At highest sludge concentration of 5g/L, trans-membrane pressure (TMP) was increasing dramatically during first 15d up to 25kPa; however it was only 6kPa at lower sludge concentrations. It is concluded that the system showed the highest performance at stage III with sludge concentration of 330mg/L. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.

Nguyen, TTS, Lu, HY, Tran, TP & Lu, J 2012, 'Investigation of sequential pattern mining techniques for web recommendation', International Journal of Information and Decision Sciences, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 293-293.
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Increased application of sequence mining in web recommender systems (WRS) requires a better understanding of the performance and a clear identification of the strengths and weaknesses of existing algorithms. Among the commonly used sequence mining methods, the tree-based approach, such as pre-order linked WAP-tree mining algorithm (PLWAP-Mine) and conditional sequence mining algorithm (CS-Mine), has demonstrated high performance in web mining applications. However, its advantages over other mining methods are not well explained and understood in the context of WRS. This paper firstly reviews the existing sequence mining algorithms, and then studies the performance of two outstanding algorithms, i.e., the PLWAP-Mine and CS-Mine algorithms, with respect to their sensitivity to the dataset variability, and their practicality for web recommendation. The results show that CS-Mine performs faster than PLWAP-Mine, but the frequent patterns generated by PLWAP-Mine are more effective than CS-Mine when applied in web recommendations. These results are useful to WRS developers for the selection of appropriate sequence mining algorithms. © 2012 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Nguyen, TV & Eisman, JA 2012, 'Genetics and the Individualized Prediction of Fracture', Current Osteoporosis Reports, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 236-244.
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Recent genome-wide association studies have identified many genetic variants associated with fracture risk. These genetic variants are common in the general population but have very modest effect sizes. A remaining challenge is to translate these genetic variant discoveries to better predict the risk of fracture based on an individual's genetic profile (ie, individualized risk assessment). Empirical and simulation studies have shown that 1) the utility of a single genetic variant for fracture risk assessment is very limited; but 2) a profile of 50 genetic variants, each with odds ratio ranging from 1.02 to 1.15, can improve the accuracy of fracture prediction and classification beyond that obtained by conventional clinical risk factors. These results are consistent with the view that genetic profiling, when integrated in existing risk assessment models, can inform a more accurate prediction of fracture risk in an individual.

NI, B-J & YU, H-Q 2012, 'Microbial Products of Activated Sludge in Biological Wastewater Treatment Systems: A Critical Review', Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 187-223.
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Ni, B-J, Fang, F, Xie, W-M, Xu, J & Yu, H-Q 2012, 'Formation of Distinct Soluble Microbial Products by Activated Sludge: Kinetic Analysis and Quantitative Determination', Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 1667-1674.
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Ni, B-J, Ruscalleda, M & Smets, BF 2012, 'Evaluation on the microbial interactions of anaerobic ammonium oxidizers and heterotrophs in Anammox biofilm', Water Research, vol. 46, no. 15, pp. 4645-4652.
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Ni, W & Collings, I 2012, 'Indoor wireless networks of the future: adaptive network architecture', IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 130-137.
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Ni, W & Collings, IB 2012, 'Adaptive Adjacent-Frequency Interference Mitigation in Multi-Hop Point-To-Point FDD Wireless Backhaul Networks', IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 16, no. 12, pp. 1988-1991.
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Ni, W, Collings, IB & Liu, RP 2012, 'Relay Handover and Link Adaptation Design for Fixed Relays in IMT-Advanced Using a New Markov Chain Model', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 1839-1853.
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Fixed relay networks will be an integrated component of future International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT)-Advanced. In this paper, we propose a new approach to relay handover and link adaptation. Our approach is built on a new Markov chain model (MCM) that comprehensively characterizes different relay protocols and quantifies their quality-of-service (QoS) measures, such as packet drop rate and latency, and spectral efficiency. Our relay handover and link adaptation scheme combats channel fluctuations while satisfying QoS requirements. It also accommodates multiple relay stations, supports multiplexing and diversity, and copes with mutually related and time-dependent transmissions. Analytical results, which were validated by simulations, show that our scheme can reduce the packet loss by up to three orders of magnitude. It also decreases the packet delay by up to 18% and improves the throughput by up to 10%. © 2012 IEEE.

Ni, W, Li, X, Ao, M, Zhang, H, Hou, Z, Si, S & Wang, W 2012, 'Using the real-life vision test to assess the functional vision of age-related cataract patients', Eye, vol. 26, no. 11, pp. 1402-1411.
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PURPOSE: (1) To describe and validate a newly developed, timed performance-based measures of functional vision-the real-life vision test (RLVT). (2) To determine how RLVT relates to clinical measures and self-report assessment of visual function and the complex interactions among visual impairment, psychosocial status, and demographic factors. METHODS: A total of 64 patients with age-related cataract and 45 age-matched controls were evaluated by four types of measurements: (1) demographic, medical, cognitive, and depressive evaluation and the reaction time (RT) testing; (2) clinical measures (visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, stereopsis, and the color perception); (3) the 25-item National Eye Institute's Visual Functioning Questionnaire; and (4) the RLVT. Spearman's coefficients, partial correlation, and multiple regression analysis were conducted to determine the relationship among RLVT, clinical measures, and self-report assessment of visual function while controlling for confounders. RESULTS: Control subjects performed RLVT significantly better than the cataract patients. RLVT correlated well with both clinical and self-report assessments of visual function. All subscales of RLVT remained highly associated with most of the clinical measures, even after adjusting for age, years of education, depression, cognitive status, and the RT. Distance, intermediate and near visual acuity, and binocular contrast sensitivity were significant predictors of the RLVT performances. CONCLUSIONS: Given the strong relationship among RLVT, clinical measures, and the self-report assessments, our results highlight the potential usefulness of RLVT for assessing the functional vision of cataract patients. RLVT may provide information not obtainable from clinical measures or surveys and therefore it is essential to be incorporated into future ophthalmological practice.

Nimbalkar, S, Indraratna, B, Dash, SK & Christie, D 2012, 'Improved Performance of Railway Ballast under Impact Loads Using Shock Mats', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 138, no. 3, pp. 281-294.
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Niu, S, Ho, SL, Fu, WN & Zhu, J 2012, 'A Convenient Mesh Rotation Method of Finite Element Analysis Using Sub-Matrix Transformation Approach', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 303-306.
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This paper presents a novel sub-matrix transformation method on mesh rotation problems in the finite element analysis (FEA) of electric machines. This proposed approach is simple, convenient and readily implementable. For each rotor position, only the tr

Niu, S, Ho, SL, Fu, WN & Zhu, J 2012, 'Eddy Current Reduction in High-Speed Machines and Eddy Current Loss Analysis With Multislice Time-Stepping Finite-Element Method', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 1007-1010.
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The significance of eddy-current in high-speed permanent magnet machines cannot be underestimated in that it has serious implications on the machine's efficiency or even demagnetizes the PMs because of an overheating problem. It is necessary to accuratel

Nur, H, Lee Kee, G, Hamdan, H, Indra Mahlia, TM, Efendi, J & Cornelis Metselaar, HS 2012, 'Organosulfonic acid functionalized zeolite ZSM-5 as temperature tolerant proton conducting material', International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 37, no. 17, pp. 12513-12521.
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Nur, T, Johir, MAH, Loganathan, P, Vigneswaran, S & Kandasamy, J 2012, 'Effectiveness of purolite A500PS and A520E ion exchange resins on the removal of nitrate and phosphate from synthetic water', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 47, no. 1-3, pp. 50-58.
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Water pollution due to the excessive presence of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) is a serious environmental worldwide problem, because both species are implicated in the eutrophication of receiving surface waters and elevated nitrate concentration in drinking water can be toxic to infants. The removal efficiencies of nitrate and phosphate from water spiked with different ratios and concentrations of these nutrients by two ion-exchange resins (Purolite A500PS and Purolite A520E) were studied in batch kinetics and equilibrium adsorption experiments. Both purolites were found to be selective towards nitrate removal at all ratios of nitrate to phosphate in solution. Purolite A520E showed higher (<85%) removal efficiency of nitrate than Purolite A500PS (about 65%) from a solution containing 20mgN/L as nitrate and 10mgP/L as phosphate at a resin dose of 1.5 g/L. However, Purolite A500PS showed higher (65%) removal of phosphate than Purolite A520E (48%). Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models fitted well for the adsorption of nitrate on Purolite A520E (R2 = 0.95-0.96). However, the adsorption of nitrate on Purolite A500PS can be explained satisfactorily only by Freundlich model (R2 = 0.98). The adsorption of phosphate on the resins fitted well to Freundlich model (R2 = 0.90) for Purolite A500PS as well as for Purolite A520E (R2 = 0.90). The adsorption of phosphate and nitrate on both ion-exchange resins was much better described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2≥0.99) than by pseudo-first-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.25-0.94).© 2012 Desalination Publications.

Nuryani, N, Ling, SSH & Nguyen, HT 2012, 'Electrocardiographic Signals and Swarm-Based Support Vector Machine for Hypoglycemia Detection', ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 934-945.
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Cardiac arrhythmia relating to hypoglycemia is suggested as a cause of death in diabetic patients. This article introduces electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters for artificially induced hypoglycemia detection. In addition, a hybrid technique of swarm-based support vector machine (SVM) is introduced for hypoglycemia detection using the ECG parameters as inputs. In this technique, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed to optimize the SVM to detect hypoglycemia. In an experiment using medical data of patients with Type 1 diabetes, the introduced ECG parameters show significant contributions to the performance of the hypoglycemia detection and the proposed detection technique performs well in terms of sensitivity and specificity.

Obaidullah, K, Siriteanu, C, Yoshizawa, S & Miyanaga, Y 2012, 'Genetic Algorithm Parameter Requirements for Detection in MIMO Fading Channels', Journal of Signal Processing, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 251-258.
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O'Hara, K, Helmes, J, Sellen, A, Harper, R, ten Bhomer, M & van den Hoven, E 2012, 'Food for Talk: Phototalk in the Context of Sharing a Meal', HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION, vol. 27, no. 1-2, pp. 124-150.
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Photographic mementos are important signifiers of our personal memories. Rather than simply passive representations of memories to "preserve" the past, these photos are actively displayed and consumed in the context of everyday behavior and social practices. Within the context of these settings, these mementos are invoked in particular ways to mobilize particular social relations in the present. Taking this perspective, we explore how photo mementos come to be used in the everyday social setting of sharing meal. Rather than a simple concern with nutritional consumption, the shared meal is a social event and impor- tant cultural site in the organization of family and social life with culturally specific rhythms, norms, rights, and responsibilities. We present a system-4 Photos-that situates photo mementos within the social concerns of these settings. The system collates photo mementos from those attending the meal and displays them at the dining table to be interacted with by all. Through a real-world deployment of the system, we explore the social work performed by invoking these personal memory resources in the context of real-world settings of shared eating. We highlight particular features of the system that enable this social work to be achieved.

Oldfield, CC, McHenry, CR, Clausen, PD, Chamoli, U, Parr, WCH, Stynder, DD & Wroe, S 2012, 'Finite element analysis of ursid cranial mechanics and the prediction of feeding behaviour in the extinct giant Agriotherium africanum', Journal of Zoology, vol. 286, no. 2, pp. 171-171.
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AbstractHistorically, predicting ursid feeding behaviour on the basis of morphometric and mechanical analyses has proven difficult. Here, we apply three‐dimensional finite element analysis to models representing five extant and one fossil species of bear. The ability to generate high bite forces, and for the skull to sustain them, is present in both the giant panda and the gigantic extinct Agriotherium africanum. Bite forces for A. africanum are the highest predicted for any mammalian carnivore. Our findings do not resolve whether A. africanum was more likely a predator on, or scavenger of, large terrestrial vertebrates, but show that its skull was well‐adapted to resist the forces generated in either activity. The possibility that A. africanum was adapted to process tough vegetation is discounted. Results suggest that the polar bear is less well‐adapted to dispatch large prey than all but one of the five other species considered.

Olofsson, T & Mahlia, TMI 2012, 'Modeling and simulation of the energy use in an occupied residential building in cold climate', Applied Energy, vol. 91, no. 1, pp. 432-438.
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Ong, HC, Mahlia, TMI & Masjuki, HH 2012, 'A review on energy pattern and policy for transportation sector in Malaysia', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 532-542.
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Ong, HC, Mahlia, TMI, Masjuki, HH & Honnery, D 2012, 'Life cycle cost and sensitivity analysis of palm biodiesel production', Fuel, vol. 98, pp. 131-139.
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Oven, KJ, Curtis, SE, Reaney, S, Riva, M, Stewart, MG, Ohlemüller, R, Dunn, CE, Nodwell, S, Dominelli, L & Holden, R 2012, 'Climate change and health and social care: Defining future hazard, vulnerability and risk for infrastructure systems supporting older people’s health care in England', Applied Geography, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 16-24.
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Health and social care systems (including the care needs of the population and infrastructures providing health and social care) are likely to be influenced by climate change, in particular by the increasing frequency and severity of weather-related hazards such as floods and heatwaves. Coldwaves will also continue to be challenging in the foreseeable future. Protecting people's health and wellbeing from the impacts of climate change is especially important for older people, as they are particularly vulnerable to climate-related hazards. In addition, the proportion of people aged 65 and over is projected to increase significantly. This paper addresses these issues through a discussion of our work to map variations across England in future hazards, vulnerability and risk. We explain how this mapping has been used to identify areas of the country where the built infrastructure serving the older age group might be most severely impacted by climate-related events over the next 20-30 years and where planning for adaptation and resilience is most urgently required. Based on a review of research on the links between extreme weather events and their impacts on older people's health and the care services on which they depend, we developed operational definitions of extreme weather-related hazards likely to place particular pressure on health and social care systems that are essential for older people's health and wellbeing. We consider ways to relate these to the latest climate projections for the 2030s from the UK Climate Impacts Programme (UKCP09); river and coastal flooding projections for the 2050s from the 2004 UK Government's Foresight Flood and Coastal Defence Project (Environment Agency, 2004); and demographic projections for 2031 produced by the Office for National Statistics, UK. The research highlights the complexity of undertaking future hazard and vulnerability assessments. Key challenges include: how to define future hazards associated with climate change; h...

Pal, U, Jayadevan, R & Sharma, N 2012, 'Handwriting Recognition in Indian Regional Scripts', ACM Transactions on Asian Language Information Processing, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1-35.
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Offline handwriting recognition in Indian regional scripts is an interesting area of research as almost 460 million people in India use regional scripts. The nine major Indian regional scripts are Bangla (for Bengali and Assamese languages), Gujarati, Kannada, Malayalam, Oriya, Gurumukhi (for Punjabi language), Tamil, Telugu, and Nastaliq (for Urdu language). A state-of-the-art survey about the techniques available in the area of offline handwriting recognition (OHR) in Indian regional scripts will be of a great aid to the researchers in the subcontinent and hence a sincere attempt is made in this article to discuss the advancements reported in this regard during the last few decades. The survey is organized into different sections. A brief introduction is given initially about automatic recognition of handwriting and official regional scripts in India. The nine regional scripts are then categorized into four subgroups based on their similarity and evolution information. The first group contains Bangla, Oriya, Gujarati and Gurumukhi scripts. The second group contains Kannada and Telugu scripts and the third group contains Tamil and Malayalam scripts. The fourth group contains only Nastaliq script (Perso-Arabic script for Urdu), which is not an Indo-Aryan script. Various feature extraction and classification techniques associated with the offline handwriting recognition of the regional scripts are discussed in this survey. As it is important to identify the script before the recognition step, a section is dedicated to handwritten script identification techniques. A benchmarking database is very important for any pattern recognition related research. The details of the datasets available in different Indian regional scripts are also mentioned in the article. A separate section is dedicated to the observations made, future scope, and existing difficulties related to handwriting recognition in Indian regional scripts. We hope that this survey will s...

Pan, Y, Ye, L, Ni, B-J & Yuan, Z 2012, 'Effect of pH on N2O reduction and accumulation during denitrification by methanol utilizing denitrifiers', Water Research, vol. 46, no. 15, pp. 4832-4840.
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Pang, SC, Kalam, MA, Masjuki, HH & Hazrat, MA 2012, 'A review on air flow and coolant flow circuit in vehicles’ cooling system', International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 55, no. 23-24, pp. 6295-6306.
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Pang, SC, Kalam, MA, Masjuki, HH, Badruddin, IA, Ramli, R & Hazrat, MA 2012, 'Underhood geometry modification and transient coolant temperature modelling for robust cooling networks', International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 251-258.
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In this current era, increasing computing power, effort to reduce prototypes' cost and time, and shorten design-to-product time urges the need of numerical computation. Higher cooling's load or requirement is attributed by higher power of engine. Also, higher quantity of heat exchangers and vehicles' styling resulted limited space at vehicles' hood. These factors have caused the design job of vehicles' hood and engine cooling system to be more crucial and challenging. A well designed and robust engine cooling system could sustain in the worst and toughest condition. One of the worst conditions for engine cooling system is sudden keying-off of engine after hill climbing and high speed driving. In this research, three dimensional computational fluids dynamic (CFD) is utilised to model the dynamic air flow at the hood with complicated geometry. On the other hand, one dimensional thermo-fluid model could simulate the system effect after including all the components in engine cooling system. With integration of both models, the transient coolant temperature before and after vehicles' keying off is simulated and is analysed thoroughly. Front-end hood geometry is morphed to reduce air separation at heat exchangers. Two cone-shaped air directing devices are included to guide higher volume of ram air toward frontal face of heat exchangers. Different heat soak scenarios are simulated and transient temperature trend is observed. The coolant temperature tends to increase tremendously when huge amount of heat soak could not be dissipated away in-time.

Pant, HR, Park, CH, Pant, B, Tijing, LD, Kim, HY & Kim, CS 2012, 'Synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic properties of ZnO nano-flower containing TiO2 NPs', Ceramics International, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 2943-2950.
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In this study, TiO 2-impregnated ZnO nano-flowers were synthesized by one-pot hydrothermal process. Aqueous suspension containing ZnO precursor and commercial TiO 2 NPs (P25) is heated at 140 °C for 2 h. The morphology and structure of as-synthesized particles were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), which revealed that TiO 2 NPs were attached on the surface of ZnO flower. It was observed that the presence of TiO 2 NPs in the hydrothermal solution could sufficiently decrease the size of ZnO flower. The hybrid nanostructure, with unique morphology, obtained from this convenient method (low temperature, less time, and less number of reagents) was found to be effective photocatalyst under UV-irradiation. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.

Pant, HR, Park, CH, Tijing, LD, Amarjargal, A, Lee, D-H & Kim, CS 2012, 'Bimodal fiber diameter distributed graphene oxide/nylon-6 composite nanofibrous mats via electrospinning', Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, vol. 407, pp. 121-125.
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In this work, nylon-6 spider-wave-like nano-nets are fabricated by regulating the amount of graphene oxide (GO) in polymer solution during electrospinning. The spider-wave-like nano-nets that comprise interlinked thin (≈14 nm diameter) and thick fibers (≈192 nm diameter) are widely distributed throughout the mat when suitable amount of GO is blended with nylon-6 solution. The heterogeneous composite mats were composed of bimodal nanofibers in which pore diameter was sufficiently decreased. The acceleration in ionization and degradation of nylon-6 (due to formic acid) solution caused by well-dispersed GO sheet as well as the formation of hydrogen bond between nylon-6 molecules and GO sheet during electrospinning are proposed as the possible mechanisms for the formation of these spider-wave-like nano-nets

Parekh, HJ, Nguyen, HB, Hall, SL, Rehage, M, Anholm, J, Specht, L & Linkhart, TA 2012, 'Direct Pro-Inflammatory Effect of C-Reactive Protein on Human Pulmonary Artery Endothelial Cells', European Journal of Inflammation, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 357-363.
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C-reactive protein (CRP) has a prognostic role in cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. Recent data suggest its pro-inflammatory effects in atherosclerotic lesion formation. This raises the hypothesis of whether or not CRP has pro-inflammatory effects on pulmonary vasculature by inducing the production of endothelin-1 (ET)-1, a potent vasoconstrictor and proliferative cytokine, and expression of adhesion molecules which could culminate in inflammatory cell recruitment and vascular injury. Human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) were cultured and incubated with 25μg/ml of human recombinant CRP and with interleukin (IL)-1β 10ng/ml, a well-known activator of endothelial cells, which served as a positive control for 24 hours. Expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 was assessed by flow cytometry. Secretion of ET-1 from HPAECs was also evaluated. In this study we show that incubation of HPAECs with human recombinant CRP for 24 hours induced a significant increase in ICAM-1 expression (from 610 to 6553 mean fluorescence intensity, p < 0.005) and VCAM-1 expression (from 212 to 303 mean fluorescence intensity, p < 0.05), as compared to control. Adhesion molecule induction was similar to that observed in endothelial cells activated with IL-1β. Likewise, CRP potentiated the ET-1 production by HPAECs. The levels of ET-1 were significantly higher at 24 hours (control 19.94±3 vs CRP 46.54±18 pg/ml, p < 0.05). In conclusion, this study makes a novel observation that CRP induces expression of adhesion molecules and secretion of ET-1 in HPAECs. Our study provides the first evidence that CRP exerts direct proinflammatory effects on pulmonary artery endothelial cells.

Park, C-H, Jung, MY, Tijing, LD, Lee, HB, Kim, NS & Kim, CS 2012, 'Characterization and biostability of HA/Ti6Al4V ACL anchor prepared by simple heat-treatment', Ceramics International, vol. 38, no. 7, pp. 5385-5391.
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Park, C-H, Kim, C-H, Tijing, LD, Lee, D-H, Yu, M-H, Pant, HR, Kim, Y & Kim, CS 2012, 'Preparation and characterization of (polyurethane/nylon-6) nanofiber/ (silicone) film composites via electrospinning and dip-coating', Fibers and Polymers, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 339-345.
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This paper reports on the preparation and characterization of nanofibers and nanofiber/film composites fabricated by electrospinning and dip-coating. The polymers in this study consist of polyurethane, nylon-6, and silicone. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fiber distribution, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and tensile tests were conducted. The electrospun nylon-6 nanofiber/dip-coated silicone film (dried for 5 min) showed the optimum tensile strength and strain results, showing an increase in tensile strength of 63 % compared to pure nylon-6 nanofiber alone. XRD and FTIR verified the presence of individual polymers in the composite matrix. The electrospun PU nanofiber produced the biggest fiber diameter, while electrospun nylon-6, and PU/nylon-6 produced uniform fiber diameters, with PU/nylon-6 obtaining very random and curved fiber morphology. © 2012 The Korean Fiber Society and Springer Netherlands.

Park, C-H, Kim, T-H, Lee, D-H, Tijing, LD, Yu, M-H, Moon, S-D & Kim, CS 2012, 'Magnetic Polishing of Titanium-Nickel Alloy Stents: Surface Characterization and Catheter Deployment Test', Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, vol. 43, no. 9, pp. 3006-3010.
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We report here for the first time the use of magnetic polishing to improve the surface finish of titanium-nickel (TiNi) stents for better performance. We investigated the effects of polishing time and rotational speed on the average surface roughness, surface chemical contents, and push-out load of stents. The magnetically polished stents show a decrease of 2.3 to 17.9 pct in surface roughness and a lower push-out load for stent deployment from the catheter.

Parr, G, Hailes, S, How, JP, McGeehan, J & Guo, YJ 2012, 'Guest Editorial: Communications Challenges and Dynamics for Unmanned Autonomous Vehicles', IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 849-851.
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Parr, WCH, Wroe, S, Chamoli, U, Richards, HS, McCurry, MR, Clausen, PD & McHenry, C 2012, 'Toward integration of geometric morphometrics and computational biomechanics: New methods for 3D virtual reconstruction and quantitative analysis of Finite Element Models', Journal of Theoretical Biology, vol. 301, pp. 1-14.
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Parvin, S, Hussain, FK, Hussain, OK & Faruque, AA 2012, 'Trust-based Throughput in Cognitive Radio Networks', Procedia Computer Science, vol. 10, pp. 713-720.
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Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) deal with opportunistic spectrum access in order to fully utilize the scarce of spectrum resources, with the development of cognitive radio technologies to greater utilization of the spectrum. Nowa-days Cognitive Radio (CR) is a promising concept for improving the utilization of limited radio spectrum resources for future wireless communications and mobile computing. In this paper, we propose two approaches. At first we propose a trust aware model to authenticate the secondary users (SUs) in CRNs which provides a reliable technique to establish trust for CRNs. Secondly, we propose trust throughput mechanism to measure throughput in CRNs.

Parvin, S, Hussain, FK, Hussain, OK, Han, S, Tian, B & Chang, E 2012, 'Cognitive radio network security: A survey', JOURNAL OF NETWORK AND COMPUTER APPLICATIONS, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 1691-1708.
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Recent advancements in wireless communication are creating a spectrum shortage problem on a daily basis. Recently, Cognitive Radio (CR), a novel technology, has attempted to minimize this problem by dynamically using the free spectrum in wireless communications and mobile computing. Cognitive radio networks (CRNs) can be formed using cognitive radios by extending the radio link features to network layer functions. The objective of CRN architecture is to improve the whole network operation to fulfil the userâs demands anytime and anywhere, through accessing CRNs in a more efficient way, rather than by just linking spectral efficiency. CRNs are more flexible and exposed to wireless networks compared with other traditional radio networks. Hence, there are many security threats to CRNs, more so than other traditional radio environments. The unique characteristics of CRNs make security more challenging. Several crucial issues have not yet been investigated in the area of security for CRNs. A typical public key infrastructure (PKI) scheme which achieves secure routing and other purposes in typical ad hoc networks is not enough to guarantee the security of CRNs under limited communication and computation resources. However, there has been increasing research attention on security threats caused specifically by CR techniques and special characteristics of CR in CRNs. Therefore, in this research, a survey of CRNs and their architectures and security issues has been carried out in a broad way in this paper.

Parvin, S, Hussain, FK, Park, JS & Kim, DS 2012, 'A survivability model in wireless sensor networks', COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS, vol. 64, no. 12, pp. 3666-3682.
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In this paper, we present a survivability evaluation model and analyze the performance of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) under attack and key compromise. First, we present a survivability evaluation model of WSNs by representing the states of WSNs under

Peng, X, Niu, Z, Huang, S & Zhao, Y 2012, 'Personalized Web Search Using Clickthrough Data and Web Page Rating', Journal of Computers, vol. 7, no. 10, pp. 2578-2584.
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Personalization of Web search is to carry out retrieval for each user incorporating his/her interests. We propose a novel technique to construct personalized information retrieval model from the users' clickthrough data and Web page ratings. This model builds on the userbased collaborative filtering technology and the top-N resource recommending algorithm, which consists of three parts: user profile, user-based collaborative filtering, and the personalized search model. Firstly, we conduct user's preference score to construct the user profile from clicked sequence score and Web page rating. Then it attains similar users with a given user by user-based collaborative filtering algorithm and calculates the recommendable Web page scoring value. Finally, personalized informaion retrieval be modeled by three case applies (rating information for the user himself; at least rating information by similar users; not make use of any rating information). Experimental results indicate that our technique significantly improves the search performance. © 2012 ACADEMY PUBLISHER.

Peng, X-P, Niu, Z-D & Huang, S 2012, 'Query Suggestion Based on the Query Semantics and Clickthrough Data', Advanced Science Letters, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 748-753.
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Query suggestion plays an important role in improving the usability of search engines. For a given query raised by a specific user, the query suggestion technique aims at recommending relevant queries which may suit user's potential information needs. Due to the complexity of Web structure and the ambiguity of users' inputs query, most of existing suggestion algorithms suffer from the problem of poor recommendation accuracy. In this paper, aiming at providing semantically relevant queries for users, we develop a novel, effective and efficient query suggestion model by the query semantics and clickthrough data. First, we propose a method which combines query similarity with query semantics information, and calculates subject relevance among queries by word frequency information and the word's concept of Knowledge Network (HowNet). Second we propose another method which utilizes bipartite graph (query-URL bipartite graph) to learn the low-rank query feature space, and then builds a query similarity matrix model based on the features. Based on these, we design a ranking algorithm to propagate similarities on users' query log information, and finally recommend semantically relevant queries to users. Empirical experiments on the clickthrough data of a commercial search engine have proved the effectiveness and the efficiency of our method. © 2012 American Scientific Publishers.

Peng, Y, Xu, M, Ni, Z, Jin, JS & Luo, S 2012, 'Combining Front Vehicle Detection with 3D Pose Estimation for a Better Driver Assistance', International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 93-93.
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Driver assistant systems enhance traffic safety and efficiency. The accurate 3D pose of a front vehicle can help a driver to make the right decision on the road. We propose a novel real-time system to estimate the 3D pose of the front vehicle. This system consists of two parallel threads: vehicle rear tracking and mapping. The vehicle rear is first identified in the video captured by an onboard camera, after license plate localization and foreground extraction. The 3D pose estimation technique is then employed with respect to the extracted vehicle rear. Most current 3D pose estimation techniques need prior models or a stereo initialization with user cooperation. It is extremely difficult to obtain prior models due to the varying appearance of vehicles' rears. Moreover, it is unsafe to ask for drivers' cooperation when a vehicle is running. In our system, two initial keyframes for stereo algorithms are automatically extracted by vehicle rear detection and tracking. Map points are defined as a collection of point features extracted from the vehicle's rear with their 3D information. These map points are inferences that relate the 2D features detected in following vehicles' rears with the 3D world. The relative 3D pose of the onboard camera to the front vehicle rear is then estimated through matching the map points with point features detected on the front vehicle rear. We demonstrate the capabilities of our system by testing on real-time and synthesized videos. In order to make the experimental analysis visible, we demonstrated an estimated 3D pose through augmented reality, which needs accurate and real-time 3D pose estimation.

Perdomo, J, Jiang, X-M, Carter, DR, Khachigian, LM & Chong, BH 2012, 'SUMOylation Regulates the Transcriptional Repression Activity of FOG-2 and Its Association with GATA-4', PLoS ONE, vol. 7, no. 11, pp. e50637-e50637.
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Pham, HN, Fujita, H, Ozaki, K & Uchida, N 2012, 'Estimating Method of Heat Distribution Using 3-D Resistance Matrix for Zone-Control Induction Heating Systems', IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 27, no. 7, pp. 3374-3382.
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This paper focuses on the analysis and control of the heat distribution in zone-control induction heating (ZCIH) systems, which consist of two or more split working coils and inverter units. This paper carries out theoretical analysis of the generated heat in the workpiece and reveals a relationship between the coil currents and the heat distribution. As a result, it is determined that the heat distribution can be estimated by a simple calculation using a 3-D resistance matrix. The experimental results which use a six-zone ZCIH laboratory setup, verify the validity of the developed theory.

Pham, TT, Nguyen, HH & Tuan, HD 2012, 'Relay Assignment for Max-Min Capacity in Cooperative Wireless Networks', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 61, no. 5, pp. 2387-2394.
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This paper is concerned with the problem of relay assignment in cooperative wireless networks having multiple sources, multiple relays, and a single destination. With the objective of maximizing the minimum capacity among all sources in the network, a mi

Phan, AH, Tuan, HD, Kha, HH & Ngo, DT 2012, 'Nonsmooth Optimization for Efficient Beamforming in Cognitive Radio Multicast Transmission', IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 60, no. 6, pp. 2941-2951.
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It is known that the design of optimal transmit beamforming vectors for cognitive radio multicast transmission can be formulated as indefinite quadratic optimization programs. Given the challenges of such nonconvex problems, the conventional approach in

Phan, AH, Tuan, HD, Kha, HH & Nguyen, HH 2012, 'Beamforming Optimization in Multi-User Amplify-and-Forward Wireless Relay Networks', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 1510-1520.
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Optimization problems of beamforming in multiuser amplify-and-forward (AF) wireless relay networks are indefinite (nonconvex) quadratic programs, which require effective computational solutions. Solutions to these problems have often been obtained by rel

Phuntsho, S, Shon, HK, Hong, S, Lee, S, Vigneswaran, S & Kandasamy, J 2012, 'Fertiliser drawn forward osmosis desalination: the concept, performance and limitations for fertigation', REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND BIO-TECHNOLOGY, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 147-168.
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With the world's population growing rapidly, pressure is increasing on the limited fresh water resources. Membrane technology could play a vital role in solving the water scarcity issues through alternative sources such as saline water sources and wastewater reclamation. The current generation of membrane technologies, particularly reverse osmosis (RO), has significantly improved in performance. However, RO desalination is still energy intensive and any effort to improve energy efficiency increases total cost of the product water. Since energy, environment and climate change issues are all inter-related, desalination for large-scale irrigation requires new novel technologies that address the energy issues. Forward osmosis (FO) is an emerging membrane technology. However, FO desalination for potable water is still a challenge because, recovery and regeneration of draw solutes require additional processes and energy. This article focuses on the application of FO desalination for non-potable irrigation where maximum water is required. In this concept of fertiliser drawn FO (FDFO) desalination, fertilisers are used as draw solutions (DS). The diluted draw solution after desalination can be directly applied for fertigation without the need for recovery and regeneration of DS. FDFO desalination can make irrigation water available at comparatively lower energy than the current desalination technologies. As a low energy technology, FDFO can be easily powered by renewable energy sources and therefore suitable for inland and remote applications. This article outlines the concept of FDFO desalination and critically evaluates the scope and limitations of this technology for fertigation, including suggestions on options to overcome some of these limitations. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

Phuntsho, S, Shon, HK, Majeed, T, El Saliby, I, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J, Hong, S & Lee, S 2012, 'Blended Fertilizers as Draw Solutions for Fertilizer-Drawn Forward Osmosis Desalination', ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, vol. 46, no. 8, pp. 4567-4575.
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In fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis (FDFO) desalination, the final nutrient concentration (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK)) in the product water is essential for direct fertigation and to avoid over fertilization. Our study with 11 selected fertilizers indicate that blending of two or more single fertilizers as draw solution (DS) can achieve significantly lower nutrient concentration in the FDFO product water rather than using single fertilizer alone. For example, blending KCl and NH 4H 2PO 4 as DS can result in 0.61/1.35/1.70 g/L of N/P/K, which is comparatively lower than using them individually as DS. The nutrient composition and concentration in the final FDFO product water can also be adjusted by selecting low nutrient fertilizers containing complementary nutrients and in different ratios to produce prescription mixtures. However, blending fertilizers generally resulted in slightly reduced bulk osmotic pressure and water flux in comparison to the sum of the osmotic pressures and water fluxes of the two individual DSs as used alone. The performance ratio or PR (ratio of actual water flux to theoretical water flux) of blended fertilizer DS was observed to be between the PR of the two fertilizer solutions tested individually. In some cases, such as urea, blending also resulted in significant reduction in N nutrient loss by reverse diffusion in presence of other fertilizer species. © 2012 American Chemical Society.

Phuntsho, S, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J, Hong, S, Lee, S & Shon, HK 2012, 'Influence of temperature and temperature difference in the performance of forward osmosis desalination process', JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE, vol. 415, pp. 734-744.
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Forward osmosis (FO) is an emerging technology for low energy desalination. Amongst the many other factors, temperature of the draw solution (DS) and feed solution (FS) plays an important role in influencing the performance of the FO process. In this study, the influence of the temperature and the temperature difference on the performance of FO process has been studied in terms of water and solute fluxes. Temperature difference was maintained by elevating only one of the solutions (either DS or FS). The results indicate that, water flux on average increases by up to 1.2% for every degree rise in temperature from 25 °C to 35 °C while this rise is 2.3% from 25 °C to 45 °C. Providing a temperature difference by elevating only the DS also enhanced the water flux significantly, although it was lower than FO process operated at isothermal conditions. However, elevating only the temperature of FS did not significantly improve the water flux although it was higher than the FO process operated at 25 °C. This has significant implications in FO process because the total mass of the DS requiring heat energy is significantly less than the total FS used. The influences of temperature in the FO process such as through changes in the thermodynamic properties of the solutions and the various concentration polarisation effects are also explained in details. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

Pijuan, M, Wang, Q, Ye, L & Yuan, Z 2012, 'Improving secondary sludge biodegradability using free nitrous acid treatment', Bioresource Technology, vol. 116, pp. 92-98.
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Pourghasemi, HR, Mohammady, M & Pradhan, B 2012, 'Landslide susceptibility mapping using index of entropy and conditional probability models in GIS: Safarood Basin, Iran', CATENA, vol. 97, pp. 71-84.
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Pourghasemi, HR, Pradhan, B & Gokceoglu, C 2012, 'Application of fuzzy logic and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to landslide susceptibility mapping at Haraz watershed, Iran', Natural Hazards, vol. 63, no. 2, pp. 965-996.
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Power, R, Reid, JP, Anand, S, McGloin, D, Almohamedi, A, Mistry, NS & Hudson, AJ 2012, 'Observation of the Binary Coalescence and Equilibration of Micrometer-Sized Droplets of Aqueous Aerosol in a Single-Beam Gradient-Force Optical Trap', The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, vol. 116, no. 35, pp. 8873-8884.
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Pradhan, B, Chaudhari, A, Adinarayana, J & Buchroithner, MF 2012, 'Soil erosion assessment and its correlation with landslide events using remote sensing data and GIS: a case study at Penang Island, Malaysia', Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, vol. 184, no. 2, pp. 715-727.
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Pradhan, M, Vigneswaran, S, Kandasamy, J & Ben Aim, R 2012, 'Combined effect of air and mechanical scouring of membranes for fouling reduction in submerged membrane reactor', DESALINATION, vol. 288, pp. 58-65.
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This study investigated the combined effect of air flow and use of granular support medium in suspension in a submerged membrane reactor to reduce membrane fouling. Lower membrane fouling and a slower rise in transmembrane pressure (TMP) were noticed when a higher air flow rate was used for membrane scouring. Further fouling reduction was achieved by adding a granular medium in the reactor. The results showed that in the absence of the granular medium, when air flow was tripled (from 600 to 1800 L/h/m2), the TMP development was decreased by 60%. TMP further dropped to 85% with the addition of granular medium (for the same air flow rate). The doubling of the air flow rate (from 600 to 1200 L/h/m2), without granular medium, led to a 32% reduction in TMP development at 10 L/m2.h. The same result was obtained at a lower air flow rate of 600 L/h/m2 with the granular medium. This result shows that the same reduction of TMP can be obtained by adding granular medium instead of doubling air flow rate. Therefore adding granular medium in the suspension (mechanical scouring) with air flow (air scouring) could be a sustainable alternative to applying high air flow in submerged membrane systems.

PURBA, JH, LU, JIE, ZHANG, G & RUAN, DA 2012, 'AN AREA DEFUZZIFICATION TECHNIQUE TO ASSESS NUCLEAR EVENT RELIABILITY DATA FROM FAILURE POSSIBILITIES', International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Applications, vol. 11, no. 04, pp. 1250022-1250022.
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Reliability data is essential for a nuclear power plant probabilistic safety assessment by fault tree analysis to assess the performance of the safety-related systems. The limitation of conventional reliability data arises from insufficient historical data for probabilistic calculation. This study describes a new approach to calculate nuclear event reliability data by utilizing the concept of failure possibilities, which are expressed in qualitative natural languages, mathematically represented by membership functions of fuzzy numbers, and subjectively justified by a group of experts based on their working experience and expertise. We also propose an area defuzzification technique to convert the membership function into nuclear event reliability data. The actual event reliability data, which are collected from the operational experiences of the reactor protection system in Babcock & Wilcox pressurized water reactor between 1984 and 1998, are then compared with the reliability data calculated from the new approach. The results show that fuzzy failure rates can be used as alternatives for probabilistic failure rates when nuclear event historical data are insufficient or unavailable for probabilistic calculation. This study also confirms that our proposed area defuzzification technique is a suitable technique to defuzzify failure possibilities into nuclear event reliability data.

Qayyum, U, Martin, A, Kim, J & Shim, DH 2012, 'Omni-VISER: 3D omni vision-laser scanner', Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, ACRA.
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Three dimensional perception has drawn significant attention recently partly due to the success of Kinect and 3D lidar such as Velodyne. Although quite successful, they still have some limitations such as limited sensing range or high costs prohibiting them for small-scale outdoor applications. This paper presents a novel 3D scanning system by integrating a continuously rotating laser head with an omni-directional vision which offers a full 360° field of view with sweeping range measurements. An extrinsic calibration procedure is also proposed, in which point correspondences are being used instead of calibration object. Key benefits of the proposed system are 1) the capability to provide full 3D measurements after each revolution and 2) a real-time texture based 3D mapping. The paper presents the experimental results of prototype hardware for 3D point cloud generation with texture and feature detection. An open source implementation of real-time point cloud generation is also made available.

Qiao, Y-M, M.N., JS & Tang, B-S 2012, 'On Isomorphism Testing of Groups with Normal Hall Subgroups', Journal of Computer Science and Technology, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 687-701.
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A normal Hall subgroup N of a group G is a normal subgroup with its order coprime with its index. Schur-Zassenhaus theorem states that every normal Hall subgroup has a complement subgroup, that is a set of coset representatives H which also forms a subgroup of G. In this paper, we present a framework to test isomorphism of groups with at least one normal Hall subgroup, when groups are given as multiplication tables. To establish the framework, we first observe that a proof of Schur-Zassenhaus theorem is constructive, and formulate a necessary and sufficient condition for testing isomorphism in terms of the associated actions of the semidirect products, and isomorphisms of the normal parts and complement parts. We then focus on the case when the normal subgroup is abelian. Utilizing basic facts of representation theory of finite groups and a technique by Le Gall (STACS 2009), we first get an efficient isomorphism testing algorithm when the complement has bounded number of generators. For the case when the complement subgroup is elementary abelian, which does not necessarily have bounded number of generators, we obtain a polynomial time isomorphism testing algorithm by reducing to generalized code isomorphism problem, which asks whether two linear subspaces are the same up to permutation of coordinates. A solution to the latter can be obtained by a mild extension of the singly exponential (in the number of coordinates) time algorithm for code isomorphism problem developed recently by Babai et al. (SODA 2011). Enroute to obtaining the above reduction, we study the following computational problem in representation theory of finite groups: given two representations ? and ? of a group H over Z dp , p a prime, determine if there exists an automorphism φ : H → H, such that the induced representation ?φ = ? 0 φ and ? are equivalent, in time poly(|H|, p d). © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC & Science Press, China.

Qin, L, Yu, JX & Chang, L 2012, 'Computing Structural Statistics by Keywords in Databases.', IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng., vol. 24, no. 10, pp. 1731-1746.
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Keyword search in RDBs has been extensively studied in recent years. The existing studies focused on finding all or top-k interconnected tuple-structures that contain keywords. In reality, the number of such interconnected tuple-structures for a keyword query can be large. It becomes very difficult for users to obtain any valuable information more than individual interconnected tuple-structures. Also, it becomes challenging to provide a similar mechanism like group-&-aggregate for those interconnected tuple-structures. In this paper, we study computing structural statistics keyword queries by extending the group-&-aggregate framework. We consider an RDB as a large directed graph where nodes represent tuples, and edges represent the links among tuples. Instead of using tuples as a member in a group, we consider rooted subgraphs. Such a rooted subgraph represents an interconnected tuple-structure among tuples and some of the tuples contain keywords. The dimensions of the rooted subgraphs are determined by dimensional keywords in a data driven fashion. Two rooted subgraphs are grouped into the same group if they are isomorphic based on the dimensions or in other words the dimensional keywords. The scores of the rooted subgraphs are computed by a user-given score function if the rooted subgraphs contain some of general keywords. Here, the general keywords are used to compute scores rather than determining dimensions. The aggregates are computed using an sql aggregate function for every group based on the scores computed. We give our motivation using a real data set. We propose new approaches to compute structural statistics keyword queries, perform extensive performance studies using two large real data sets and a large synthetic data set, and confirm the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach. © 2012 IEEE.

Qin, P-Y, Guo, YJ, Weily, AR & Liang, C-H 2012, 'A Pattern Reconfigurable U-Slot Antenna and Its Applications in MIMO Systems', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 516-528.
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A new compact pattern reconfigurable U-slot antenna is presented. The antenna consists of a U-slot patch and eight shorting posts. Each edge of the square patch is connected to two shorting posts via PIN diodes. By switching between the different states of the PIN diodes, the proposed antenna can operate in either monopolar patch or normal patch mode in similar frequency ranges. Therefore, its radiation pattern can be switched between conical and boresight patterns electrically. In addition, the plane with the maximum power level of the conical pattern can be changed between two orthogonal planes. Owing to a novel design of the switch geometry, the antenna does not need dc bias lines. The measured overlapping impedance bandwidth (|S11| <; -10 dB) of the two modes is 6.6% with a center frequency of 5.32 GHz. The measured radiation patterns agree well with simulated results. The antennas are incorporated in a 2 × 2 multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system to demonstrate the improvement in system capacity. In the real-time MIMO-OFDM channel measurement, it is shown that compared to omnidirectional antennas, the pattern reconfigurable antennas can enhance the system capacity, with 17% improvement in a line-of-sight (LOS) scenario and 12% in a non-LOS (NLOS) scenario at a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 10 dB.

Quevedo, DE, Aguilera, RP, Perez, MA, Cortes, P & Lizana, R 2012, 'Model Predictive Control of an AFE Rectifier With Dynamic References', IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 27, no. 7, pp. 3128-3136.
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Rahman, MM, Öztop, HF, Ahsan, A, Kalam, MA & Billah, MM 2012, 'MHD Mixed Convection in a Channel with a Triangular Cavity', Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications, vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 268-282.
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Rahman, MM, Öztop, HF, Ahsan, A, Kalam, MA & Varol, Y 2012, 'Double-diffusive natural convection in a triangular solar collector', International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 264-269.
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Rapeli, P, Fabritius, C, Kalska, H & Alho, H 2012, 'Do drug treatment variables predict cognitive performance in multidrug-treated opioid-dependent patients? A regression analysis study', Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, vol. 7, no. 1, p. 45.
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Rashid, U, Tuan, HD, Apkarian, P & Kha, HH 2012, 'Globally Optimized Power Allocation in Multiple Sensor Fusion for Linear and Nonlinear Networks', IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 903-915.
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The present paper is concerned with a sensor network, where each sensor is modeled by either a linear or nonlinear sensing system. These sensors team up in observing either static or dynamic random targets and transmit their observations through noisy co

Raza, M, Hussain, FK & Hussain, OK 2012, 'Neural Network-Based Approach for Predicting Trust Values Based on Non-uniform Input in Mobile Applications', COMPUTER JOURNAL, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 347-378.
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Recently, there has been much research focus on trust and reputation modelling as one of the key strategies for the formation of successful business intelligence strategies, particularly for service in mobile applications. One of the key trust modelling activities is trust prediction. During this process, the accuracy and reliability of the predicted trust values play an important role in the making of informed business decisions. Key factors to be considered at this stage are the variability and the high levels of distortion in the input series that have to be captured when predicting the trust values at a point in time in the future. In this paper, we propose a Multi-layer Feed Forward Artificial Neural Network to predict the future trust values of entities (services, agents, products etc.) for a future point in time based on data series input. We use four different non-uniform' data input series and measure the accuracy of the predicted values under different experimental scenarios for benchmarking and comparison with existing approaches. Results indicate that the model is reliable in predicting trust values even in scenarios where there are only limited data available on training the neural network and a high level of distortion is present in the input series. © 2011 The Author. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The British Computer Society. All rights reserved.

Ren, JM, Fu, Q, Blencowe, A & Qiao, GG 2012, 'Organic Catalyst-Mediated Ring-Opening Polymerization for the Highly Efficient Synthesis of Polyester-Based Star Polymers', ACS Macro Letters, vol. 1, no. 6, pp. 681-686.
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Ridoux, J, Veitch, D & Broomhead, T 2012, 'The Case for Feed-Forward Clock Synchronization', IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 231-242.
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Variable latencies due to communication delays or system noise is the central challenge faced by time-keeping algorithms when synchronizing over the network. Using extensive experiments, we explore the robustness of synchronization in the face of both normal and extreme latency variability and compare the feedback approaches of ntpd and ptpd (a software implementation of IEEE-1588) to the feed-forward approach of the RADclock and advocate for the benefits of a feed-forward approach. Noting the current lack of kernel support, we present extensions to existing mechanisms in the Linux and FreeBSD kernels giving full access to all available raw counters, and then evaluate the TSC, HPET, and ACPI counters' suitability as hardware timing sources. We demonstrate how the RADclock achieves the same microsecond accuracy with each counter.

Rismanchi, B, Saidur, R, Masjuki, HH & Mahlia, TMI 2012, 'Energetic, economic and environmental benefits of utilizing the ice thermal storage systems for office building applications', Energy and Buildings, vol. 50, pp. 347-354.
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Rismanchi, B, Saidur, R, Masjuki, HH & Mahlia, TMI 2012, 'Thermodynamic evaluation of utilizing different ice thermal energy storage systems for cooling application in office buildings in Malaysia', Energy and Buildings, vol. 53, pp. 117-126.
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Robinson, RG, Indraratna, B & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 2012, 'Final state of soils under vacuum preloading', Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 729-739.
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Vacuum preloading of clay deposits is becoming an increasingly popular ground improvement technique. Although many studies have been reported in literature, the mechanism of vacuum preloading is still not properly understood. Soil under vacuum preloading is expected to undergo an inward lateral deformation, therefore the influence of lateral deformation on volumetric strain requires further analysis. This paper addresses this aspect through laboratory studies on reconstituted samples of kaolinite. The Rowe cell apparatus was modified to measure lateral deformation under various states of stress because lateral and vertical deformation of soil depends on its state of stress and associated lateral pressure. A method for predicting the volumetric and lateral strains under vacuum consolidation is proposed and then applied to two case studies in China.

Roohani-Esfahani, SI, Lu, ZF, Li, JJ, Ellis-Behnke, R, Kaplan, DL & Zreiqat, H 2012, 'Effect of self-assembled nanofibrous silk/polycaprolactone layer on the osteoconductivity and mechanical properties of biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds', Acta Biomaterialia, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 302-312.
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We here present the first successful report on combining nanostructured silk and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) with a ceramic scaffold to produce a composite scaffold that is highly porous (porosity ∼85%, pore size ∼500 μm, ∼100% interconnectivity), strong and non-brittle with a surface that resembles extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM-like surface was developed by self-assembly of nanofibrous structured silk (20-80 nm diameter, similar to native collagen found in ECM) over a thin PCL layer which is coated on biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaffolds. The effects of different concentrations of silk solution on the mechanical and physical properties of the scaffolds were also comprehensively examined. Our results showed that using silk only (irrespective of concentration) for the modification of ceramic scaffolds could drastically reduce the compressive strength of the modified scaffolds in aqueous media, and the modification made a limited contribution to improving scaffold toughness. Using PCL/nanostructured silk the compressive strength and modulus of the modified scaffolds reached 0.42 MPa (compared with 0.07 MPa for BCP) and ∼25 MPa (compared with 5 MPa for BCP), respectively. The failure strain of the modified scaffold increased more than 6% compared with a BCP scaffold (failure strain of less than 1%), indicating a transformation from brittle to elastic behavior. The cytocompatibility of ECM-like composite scaffolds was investigated by studying the attachment, morphology, proliferation and bone-related gene expression of primary human bone-derived cells. Cells cultured on the developed scaffolds for 7 days had significant up-regulation of cell proliferation (∼1.6-fold higher, P<0.001) and osteogenic gene expression levels (collagen type I, osteocalcin and bone sialoprotein) compared with the other groups tested.

Rosso, OA, Carpi, LC, Saco, PM, Gómez Ravetti, M, Plastino, A & Larrondo, HA 2012, 'Causality and the entropy–complexity plane: Robustness and missing ordinal patterns', Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, vol. 391, no. 1-2, pp. 42-55.
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Rosso, OA, Carpi, LC, Saco, PM, Ravetti, MG, Larrondo, HA & Plastino, A 2012, 'The Amigó paradigm of forbidden/missing patterns: a detailed analysis', The European Physical Journal B, vol. 85, no. 12.
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Rothberg, SJ, Halkon, BJ, Tirabassi, M & Pusey, C 2012, 'Radial vibration measurements directly from rotors using laser vibrometry: The effects of surface roughness, instrument misalignments and pseudo-vibration', Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, vol. 33, pp. 109-131.
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Laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV) offers an attractive solution when radial vibration measurement directly from a rotor surface is required. Research to date has demonstrated application on polished-circular rotors and rotors coated with retro-reflective tape. In the latter case, however, a significant cross-sensitivity to the orthogonal radial vibration component occurs and post-processing is required to resolve individual radial vibration components. Until now, the fundamentally different behaviour observed between these cases has stood as an inconsistency in the published literature, symptomatic of the need to understand the effect of surface roughness. This paper offers the first consistent mathematical description of the polished-circular and rough rotor behaviours, combined with an experimental investigation of the relationship between surface roughness and cross-sensitivity. Rotors with surface roughness up to 10 nm satisfy the polished-circular rotor definition if vibration displacement is below 100% beam diameter, for a 90 μm beam, and below 40% beam diameter, for a 520 μm beam. On rotors with roughness between 10 nm and 50 nm, the polished-circular rotor definition is satisfied for vibration displacements up to 25% beam diameter, for a 90 μm beam, and up to 10% beam diameter, for a 520 μm beam. As roughness increases, cross-sensitivity increases but only rotors coated in retro-reflective tape satisfied the rough rotor definition fully. Consequently, when polished-circular surfaces are not available, rotor surfaces must be treated with retro-reflective tape and measurements post-processed to resolve individual vibration components. Through simulations, the value of the resolution and correction algorithms that form the post-processor has been demonstrated quantitatively. Simulations incorporating representative instrument misalignments and measurement noise have enabled quantification of likely error levels in radial vibration measurements. On a p...

RUZINOOR, CM, SHARIFF, ARM, PRADHAN, B, RODZI AHMAD, M & RAHIM, MSM 2012, 'A review on 3D terrain visualization of GIS data: techniques and software', Geo-spatial Information Science, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 105-115.
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Sadat Hosseini, SS & Gandomi, AH 2012, 'Short-term load forecasting of power systems by gene expression programming', Neural Computing and Applications, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 377-389.
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Saha, SC 2012, 'Effect of MHD and heat generation on natural convection flow in an open square cavity under microgravity condition', Engineering Computations, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 5-20.
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Saha, SC & Khan, MMK 2012, 'An improved boundary layer scaling with ramp heating on a sloping plate', International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 55, no. 9-10, pp. 2268-2284.
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Saha, SC, Brown, RJ & Gu, YT 2012, 'Prandtl number scaling of the unsteady natural convection boundary layer adjacent to a vertical flat plate for Pr>1 subject to ramp surface heat flux', International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 55, no. 23-24, pp. 7046-7055.
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Saha, SC, Brown, RJ & Gu, YT 2012, 'Scaling for the Prandtl number of the natural convection boundary layer of an inclined flat plate under uniform surface heat flux', International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 55, no. 9-10, pp. 2394-2401.
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Saha, SC, Gu, Y, Molla, MM, Siddiqa, S & Hossain, MA 2012, 'Natural convection from a vertical plate embedded in a stratified medium with uniform heat source', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 44, no. 1-3, pp. 7-14.
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Saleem, M, Hossain, MA & Saha, SC 2012, 'Mixed Convection Flow of Micropolar Fluid in an Open Ended Arc-Shape Cavity', Journal of Fluids Engineering, vol. 134, no. 9.
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Numerical simulations for mixed convection flow of micropolar fluid in an open ended arc-shape cavity have been carried out in this study. Computation is performed using the alternate direct implicit (ADI) method together with the successive over relaxation (SOR) technique for the solution of governing partial differential equations. The flow phenomenon is examined for a range of values of Rayleigh number 102 ≤ Ra ≤ 106, Prandtl number 7 ≤ Pr ≤ 50, and Reynolds number 10 ≤ Re ≤ 100. The study is mainly focused on how the micropolar fluid parameters affect the fluid properties in the flow domain. It was found that despite the reduction of flow in the core region, the heat transfer rate increases, whereas the skin friction and microrotation decrease with the increase in the vortex viscosity parameter Δ.

Samali, B, Dackermann, U & Li, J 2012, 'Location and Severity Identification of Notch-Type Damage in a Two-Storey Steel Framed Structure Utilising Frequency Response Functions and Artificial Neural Network', ADVANCES IN STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 743-757.
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This paper presents a vibration-based damage identification method that utilises damage fingerprints embedded in frequency response functions (FRFs) to identify location and severity of notch-type damage in a two-storey framed structure. The proposed method utilises artificial neural networks (ANNs) to map changes in FRFs to damage characteristics. To enhance damage fingerprints in FRF data, residual FRFs, which are differences in FRF data between the undamaged and the damaged structures, are used for ANN inputs. By adopting principal component analysis (PCA) techniques, the size of the residual FRF data is reduced in order to obtain suitable patterns for ANN inputs. A hierarchy of neural network ensembles is created to take advantage of individual characteristics of measurements from different locations. The method is applied to laboratory and numerical two-storey framed structures. A number of single notch-type damage scenarios of different locations and severities are investigated. To simulate field-testing conditions, numerically simulated data is polluted with white Gaussian noise of up to 10% noise-to-signal-ratio. The results from both numerical and experimental investigations show the proposed method is effective and robust for detecting notch-type damage in structures.

Schneider, S, Fallböhmer, M, Schallow, J, Hartung, J & Deuse, J 2012, 'Agile Prozessplanung im Produktentstehungsprozess', ZWF Zeitschrift für wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb, vol. 107, no. 3, pp. 158-162.
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Increased product and process complexity as well as raised time and cost pressure within the product development process create the demand for continuous adjustment and new methods in the field of process planning. In answer of such permanent demand for adjustment in other fields, the concept of Agile Software Development has been evolved in the field of software development. Therefore this paper evaluates and describes the adaption of this approch for process planning leading to the concept of Agile Process Planning. © Carl Hanser Verlag.

Seiler, KM, Singh, SPN, Sukkarieh, S & Durrant-Whyte, H 2012, 'Using Lie group symmetries for fast corrective motion planning', The International Journal of Robotics Research, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 151-166.
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In this paper we develop an algorithmic framework allowing for fast and elegant path correction exploiting Lie group symmetries and operating without the need for explicit control strategies such as cross-track regulation. These systems occur across the gamut of robotics, notably in locomotion, be it ground, underwater, airborne, or surgical domains. Instead of reintegrating an entire trajectory, the method selectively alters small key segments of an initial trajectory in a consistent way so as to transform it via symmetry operations. The algorithm is formulated for arbitrary Lie groups and applied in the context of the special Euclidean group and subgroups thereof. A sampling-based motion planner is developed that uses this method to create paths for underactuated systems with differential constraints. It is also shown how the path correction method acts as a controller within a feedback control loop for real-time path correction. These approaches are demonstrated for ground vehicles in the plane and for flexible bevel tip needle steering in space. The results show that using symmetry-based path correction for motion planning provides a prudent and simple, yet computationally tractable, integrated planning and control strategy.

Shafie, SM, Mahlia, TMI, Masjuki, HH & Ahmad-Yazid, A 2012, 'A review on electricity generation based on biomass residue in Malaysia', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 16, no. 8, pp. 5879-5889.
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Shahabuddin, M, Kalam, MA, Masjuki, HH, Bhuiya, MMK & Mofijur, M 2012, 'An experimental investigation into biodiesel stability by means of oxidation and property determination', Energy, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 616-622.
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Shahabuddin, M, Masjuki, HH, Kalam, MA, Mofijur, M, Hazrat, MA & Liaquat, AM 2012, 'Effect of Additive on Performance of C.I. Engine Fuelled with Bio Diesel', Energy Procedia, vol. 14, pp. 1624-1629.
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Shambour, Q & Lu, J 2012, 'A trust-semantic fusion-based recommendation approach for e-business applications', DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 768-780.
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Collaborative Filtering (CF) is the most popular recommendation technique but still suffers from data sparsity, user and item cold-start problems, resulting in poor recommendation accuracy and reduced coverage. This study incorporates additional information from the users' social trust network and the items' semantic domain knowledge to alleviate these problems. It proposes an innovative Trust-Semantic Fusion (TSF)-based recommendation approach within the CF framework. Experiments demonstrate that the TSF approach significantly outperforms existing recommendation algorithms in terms of recommendation accuracy and coverage when dealing with the above problems. A business-to-business recommender system case study validates the applicability of the TSF approach. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Shannon, AG & Leyendekkers, JV 2012, 'Pythagorean Fibonacci patterns', International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 554-559.
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This article re-considers some interrelations among Pythagorean triads and various Fibonacci identities and their generalizations, with some accompanying questions to provoke further development by interested readers or their students.

Sharma, G, Shon, HK & Phuntsho, S 2012, 'Electrocoagulation and crossflow microfiltration hybrid system: fouling investigation', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 43, no. 1-3, pp. 253-259.
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The fouling study of crossflow microfiltration (MF) was comparatively studied with feedwater containing kaolin suspension with and without electrocoagulation (EC) pre-treatment. An acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) MF membrane of pore size 0.4 lm was used in this study. The experiments were carried out at three different concentration of kaolin (100, 400 and 800 mg/l) and with three different crossflow velocities of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 l/min. When the feedwater was pre-treated by EC, the fouling was found to follow standard law of filtration. Besides the standard filtration law, the fouling mechanism also followed the classical cake filtration model due to formation of a secondary membrane. © 2012 Desalination Publications. All rights reserved.

Shekarchian, M, Moghavvemi, M, Rismanchi, B, Mahlia, TMI & Olofsson, T 2012, 'The cost benefit analysis and potential emission reduction evaluation of applying wall insulation for buildings in Malaysia', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 16, no. 7, pp. 4708-4718.
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Sheng Ye, Xianling Liang, Wenzhi Wang, Ronghong Jin, Junping Geng, Bird, TS & Guo, YJ 2012, 'High-Gain Planar Antenna Arrays for Mobile Satellite Communications [Antenna Applications Corner]', IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 256-268.
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Two large and low-profile panel antenna arrays, used as receiving and transmitting antennas for mobile satellite communications, are described. The receiving and transmitting arrays have overall dimensions of 120 cm × 20.7 cm × 1.3cm and 107.5 cm × 20.4 cm × 1.7 cm, respectively. They exhibit high gains and adequate efficiencies, due to integrated array designs. For the receiving panel array, a method using a number of high-efficiency subarrays, combined with a novel active integrated global feed network, is proposed. For the transmitting panel array, a number of high-efficiency subarrays, together with a novel compact waveguide feed network, is employed. Based on the above techniques, two large panel antenna arrays were successfully developed. We present the detailed designs of the subarrays, the passive and active feed networks, and the vertical transitions. Simulated and experimental results showed that the designed receiving and transmitting panel arrays achieved measured gains and efficiencies of 34.1 dBi and 48.2%, and 33.5 dBi and 36.3%, respectively, in each band. This indicated that the proposed antenna panels are good candidates for future satellite communications applications. © 2011 IEEE.

Sheng, DC & Yang, C 2012, 'Discussion of fundamental principles in unsaturated soil mechanics', Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 438-456.
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An unsaturated soil is a state of the soils. All soils can be partially saturated with water. Therefore, constitutive models for soils should ideally represent the soil behaviours over entire ranges of possible pore pressure and stress values and allow arbitrary stress and hydraulic paths within these ranges. The last two decades or so have seen significant advances in modelling behaviours of unsaturated soils. A review of constitutive models for unsaturated soils is presented. In particular, it focuses on the fundamental principles that govern the volume change, shear strength, yield stress, water retention and hydro-mechanical coupling. Alternative forms of these principles are critically examined in terms of their predictive capacities for experimental data, the consistency between these principles and the continuity between saturated and unsaturated states.

Shim, WG, Abdul, JM, Mohammad, T, Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, HH & Kandasamy, J 2012, 'Biofilter in leachate treatment processes', DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, vol. 41, no. 1-3, pp. 249-257.
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Landfill leachate is produced when rainwater infiltrates into the landfill and permeates through the decomposing waste within the landfill leaching out with it contaminants and pollutants. Untreated leachates can permeate ground water or mix with surface

Shon, HK, Nghiem, LD, Kim, S, Shu, L & Jegatheesan, JV 2012, 'Challenges in Environmental Science and Engineering, CESE-2011: 25–30 September, Ever Green Plaza Hotel, Tainan City, Taiwan', Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 47, no. 1-3, pp. 1-2.
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Siddiqa, S, Hossain, MA & Saha, SC 2012, 'Double Diffusive Magneto-Convection Fluid Flow in a Strong Cross Magnetic Field With Uniform Surface Heat and Mass Flux', JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME, vol. 134, no. 11.
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Silitonga, AS, Atabani, AE & Mahlia, TMI 2012, 'Review on fuel economy standard and label for vehicle in selected ASEAN countries', Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 1683-1695.
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Singh, SPN & Waldron, KJ 2012, 'A stance period approach for simplified observation of galloping as applied to canines', Robotica, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 627-633.
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SUMMARYThe gallop is the preferred gait by mammals for agile traversal through terrain. This motion is intrinsically complex as the feet are used individually and asymmetrically. Simple models provide a conceptual framework for understanding this gait. In this light, this paper considers the footfall projections as suggested by an impulse model for galloping as a measurement simplifying strategy. Instead of concentrating on forces and inverse dynamics, this view focuses observations on leg motion (footfalls and stance periods) for subsequent gallop analysis and parameter estimation. In practice, this eases experiments (particularly for IR-based motion capture) by extending the experimental workspace, removing the need for single-leg contact force-plate measurements, and reducing the marker set. This provides shorter setup times, and it reduces postprocessing as data are less likely to suffer from occlusion, errant correspondence, and tissue flexion. This approach is tested using with three canine subjects (ranging from 8 to 24 kg) performing primarily rotary gallops down a 15 m runway. Normalized results are in keeping with insights from previous animal and legged robot studies and are consistent with motions suggested by said impulse model.

Singh, U & Kamal, TS 2012, 'Synthesis of thinned planar concentric circular antenna arrays using biogeography-based optimisation', IET MICROWAVES ANTENNAS & PROPAGATION, vol. 6, no. 7, pp. 822-829.
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Abstract: In this paper, we propose an optimization method based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm for thinning a large multiple concentric circular ring array of uniformly excited isotropic antennas and generate a pencil beam in the vertical plane with minimum relative side lobe level (SLL). The half-power beam width of the pattern is attempted to make equal to that of a fully populated array of same size and shape. The synthesis is performed with a standard particle swarm optimization technique as well as with an improved version of standard PSO. Simulation results of the proposed thinned array are compared with a fully populated array to illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.

Siriteanu, C, Miyanaga, Y, Blostein, SD, Kuriki, S & Shi, X 2012, 'MIMO Zero-Forcing Detection Analysis for Correlated and Estimated Rician Fading', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 61, no. 7, pp. 3087-3099.
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Sofi, M, Mendis, PA & Baweja, D 2012, 'Estimating early-age in situ strength development of concrete slabs', CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 659-666.
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Post-tensioned concrete members are becoming very popular around the world due to structural efficiencies. However, some important issues related to concrete properties are not resolved yet. A more accurate prediction of the in situ early-age strength is

Solà, J, Vidal-Calleja, T, Civera, J & Montiel, JMM 2012, 'Impact of Landmark Parametrization on Monocular EKF-SLAM with Points and Lines', International Journal of Computer Vision, vol. 97, no. 3, pp. 339-368.
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This paper explores the impact that landmark parametrization has in the performance of monocular, EKFbased, 6-DOF simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) in the context of undelayed landmark initialization. Undelayed initialization in monocular SLAM challenges EKF because of the combination of non-linearity with the large uncertainty associated with the unmeasured degrees of freedom. In the EKF context, the goal of a good landmark parametrization is to improve the model's linearity as much as possible, improving the filter consistency, achieving robuster and more accurate localization and mapping. This work compares the performances of eight different landmark parametrizations: three for points and five for straight lines. It highlights and justifies the keys for satisfactory operation: the use of parameters behaving proportionally to inverse-distance, and landmark anchoring. A unified EKF-SLAM framework is formulated as a benchmark for points and lines that is independent of the parametrization used. The paper also defines a generalized linearity index suited for the EKF, and uses it to compute and compare the degrees of linearity of each parametrization. Finally, all eight parametrizations are benchmarked employing analytical tools (the linearity index) and statistical tools (based on Monte Carlo error and consistency analyses), with simulations and real imagery data, using the standard and the robocentric EKF-SLAM formulations. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

Sołowski, WT, Hofmann, M, Hofstetter, G, Sheng, D & Sloan, SW 2012, 'A comparative study of stress integration methods for the Barcelona Basic Model', Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 44, pp. 22-33.
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Somma, RD, Nagaj, D & Kieferová, M 2012, 'Quantum Speedup by Quantum Annealing', Physical Review Letters, vol. 109, no. 5, pp. 050501-050501.
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We study the glued-trees problem from A. M. Childs, R. Cleve, E. Deotto, E. Farhi, S. Gutmann, and D. Spielman, in Proceedings of the 35th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing (ACM, San Diego, CA, 2003), p. 59. in the adiabatic model of quantum computing and provide an annealing schedule to solve an oracular problem exponentially faster than classically possible. The Hamiltonians involved in the quantum annealing do not suffer from the so-called sign problem. Unlike the typical scenario, our schedule is efficient even though the minimum energy gap of the Hamiltonians is exponentially small in the problem size. We discuss generalizations based on initial-state randomization to avoid some slowdowns in adiabatic quantum computing due to small gaps.

Sood, S 2012, 'The Death of Social Media in Start-Up Companies and the Rise of S-Commerce', Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 1-15.
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Startup employees led by the entrepreneur are masters of embracing complexity. This means the startup team understands cause and effect follow a non-linear relationship with the subtlest of changes potentially resultant in producing chaotic behavior and surprise. For the startup, this means counterintuitive thinking wins the day. In light of this, small expenditures can have a greater impact on developing new business. The startup employee prefers not to be constrained by desktop or the old broadcast model of email; instead exploiting social technologies anywhere. A startup is a learning organization improving processes and results on an ongoing basis mirroring entrepreneurship as a learning process. Startup employees realize success goes beyond consideration of product functionality or a track record built on an existing base of customers. With major technology disruptions during 2012-2014, the potential to launch a “startup-in-a-box” integrating social, mobile, and wearable computing technology is a reality and essential. Only through a combination of social technologies can startups and founding employees maintain pace with the changing business landscape and generate a rapid amount of knowledge to sustain sufficient advantage in the market. Furthermore, the forthcoming death of social media and rise of S-commerce as convergence with E-commerce progresses to help generate revenues from newfound knowledge perfectly complements startup employees.

Sood, SC & Pattinson, HM 2012, '21st Century applicability of the interaction model: Does pervasiveness of social media in B2B marketing increase business dependency on the interaction model?', Journal of Customer Behaviour, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 117-128.
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The IMP interaction model (Håkansson, 1982, p. 24) has survived academic and managerial scrutiny for three decades. Simultaneously, a techno-economic revolution has emerged reshaping B2B communication and interaction through digitising the global economy. In the 21st century, mobile devices directly connect with social interactions of people and businesses through the exemplary social media of Facebook, Twitter, Google Plus, LinkedIn and YouTube. The pervasiveness of social media technologies and applications enables not just the generation of online conversations but enhances B2B collaboration activities atop the B2B and intra business conversations. On this basis, consideration of social media within the context of the IMP interaction model (ibid.) is essential when undertaking any worthwhile contemporary study of B2B marketing.

Stewart, M, Netherton, M, Shi, Y, Grant, M & Mueller, J 2012, 'Probabilistic terrorism risk assessment and risk acceptability for infrastructure protection', AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1-17.
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Stewart, MG 2012, 'Spatial and time-dependent reliability modelling of corrosion damage, safety and maintenance for reinforced concrete structures', Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 607-619.
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The article reviews how spatial and time-dependent modelling of deterioration process can be used to provide a more realistic assessment of the reliability, safety and maintenance options for reinforced concrete structures. The present article will assess (i) the effect of spatially variable pitting corrosion and concrete strength on safety and structural reliability of RC columns and (ii) the effect of corrosion-induced cover cracking on the number, timing and extent of repair actions for RC structures. It was shown that probabilities of failure considering spatial variability of concrete and reinforcement were up to 450% higher than probabilities of failure obtained from a non-spatial analysis. Finally, the article will discuss aspects of deterioration modelling in need of improvement that will enable predictions of the safety and maintenance needs of a structure over its service life to be made with more confidence. © 2012 Taylor and Francis.

Stewart, MG & O’Connor, A 2012, 'Probabilistic risk assessment and service life performance management of load bearing biomedical implants', Reliability Engineering & System Safety, vol. 108, pp. 49-55.
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It is important to consider the performance of load bearing biomedical implants as a stochastic problem. This provides scope to optimise their whole life performance in terms of design and lifetime performance management measures with the aim of minimisation of the need for replacement, or the number of replacements, during the expected life of the patient. An important parallel is developed with the field of structural reliability analysis (i.e., probabilistic assessment) which has developed in recent years with great success in optimisation of whole life performance of load bearing infrastructure systems. This paper demonstrates how this same methodology can be employed in the field of biomedical engineering to optimise the design and whole life performance of implants considering factors such as (i) deterioration with age, and (ii) stochastic variation in load. The paper also demonstrates the importance of Bayesian updating and correlation modelling in considering the design and whole life performance optimisation of biomedical implants. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

Stewart, MG, Netherton, MD, Shi, Y, Grant, M & Mueller, J 2012, 'Probabilistic terrorism risk assessment and risk acceptability for infrastructure protection', Australian Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 13, no. 1.
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In the decade since the events of 9/11 there has been renewed interest in understanding the risks of terrorism, and the effectiveness of counter-terrorism measures. Since there is uncertainty associated with terrorist threats, structural and system response, effectiveness of counter-terrorism and protective measures, and terrorists' ability to inflict damage, then there is clearly a need for probabilistic approaches to assessing and mitigating terrorism risks. The paper reviews research projects related to probabilistic terrorism risk assessment and risk acceptability for infrastructure protection currently underway at The University of Newcastle. The review of probabilistic risk assessments are given for: (i) IED design and initiation, and predicting variability of time-pressure load history on infrastructure; (ii) reinforced-concrete structural systems; (iii) full- body scanners used at airports in the United States; and (iv) buildings subject to a terrorist vehicle- borne improvised explosive device. The illustrative examples will highlight research capabilities at the University of Newcastle and identify research challenges to be faced in the future.

Stewart, MG, Wang, X & Nguyen, MN 2012, 'Climate change adaptation for corrosion control of concrete infrastructure', Structural Safety, vol. 35, pp. 29-39.
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The durability of concrete is determined largely by its deterioration over time which is affected by the environment. Climate change may alter this environment, especially in the longer term, causing an acceleration of reinforcement corrosion that will affect the safety and serviceability of concrete infrastructure in Australia, US, Europe, China and elsewhere. This paper reviews advanced simulation procedures to predict increases in damage (corrosion) risks under a changing climate in Australia in terms of changes in probability of reinforcement corrosion initiation and corrosion induced damage due to (i) increase in the concentration of CO 2 in the atmosphere, and changes to (ii) temperature and (iii) humidity. These time and spatial variables will affect the penetration of aggressive agents CO 2 and chlorides into concrete, and the corrosion rate once corrosion initiation occurs. The effectiveness of adaptation measures for new and existing buildings, bridges, and other concrete infrastructure is then assessed. Carbonation-induced damage risks may increase by more than 16% which means that one in six structures will experience additional and costly corrosion damage by 2100. We show that the impact of climate change on infrastructure deterioration cannot be ignored, but can be addressed by changes to design procedures including increases in cover thickness, improved quality of concrete, and coatings and barriers. For example, an increase in design cover of 10mm and 5mm for structures where carbonation or chlorides govern durability, respectively, will ameliorate the effects of a changing climate. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.

Su, SW, Anderson, BDO, Chen, W & Nguyen, HT 2012, 'Multi-realization of nonlinear systems', AUTOMATICA, vol. 48, no. 7, pp. 1455-1461.
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The system multi-realization problem is to find a state-variable realization for a set of systems, sharing as many parameters as possible. A multi-realization can be used to efficiently implement a multi-controller architecture for multiple model adaptive control. We extend the linear multi-realization problem to nonlinear systems. The problem of minimal multi-realization of a set of MIMO systems is introduced and solved for static feedback linearizable systems.

Suksiripattanapong, C, Chinkulkijniwat, A, Horpibulsuk, S, Rujikiatkamjorn, C & Tanhsutthinon, T 2012, 'Numerical analysis of bearing reinforcement earth (BRE) wall', Geotextiles and Geomembranes, vol. 32, pp. 28-37.
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Sun, X-C, Cui, H-Y, Liu, R-P, Chen, J-Y & Liu, Y-J 2012, 'Modeling deterministic echo state network with loop reservoir', Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE C, vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 689-701.
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Echo state network (ESN), which efficiently models nonlinear dynamic systems, has been proposed as a special form of recurrent neural network. However, most of the proposed ESNs consist of complex reservoir structures, leading to excessive computational cost. Recently, minimum complexity ESNs were proposed and proved to exhibit high performance and low computational cost. In this paper, we propose a simple deterministic ESN with a loop reservoir, i.e., an ESN with an adjacentfeedback loop reservoir. The novel reservoir is constructed by introducing regular adjacent feedback based on the simplest loop reservoir. Only a single free parameter is tuned, which considerably simplifies the ESN construction. The combination of a simplified reservoir and fewer free parameters provides superior prediction performance. In the benchmark datasets and real-world tasks, our scheme obtains higher prediction accuracy with relatively low complexity, compared to the classic ESN and the minimum complexity ESN. Furthermore, we prove that all the linear ESNs with the simplest loop reservoir possess the same memory capacity, arbitrarily converging to the optimal value. © Zhejiang University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012.

SUN, Y & MIYANAGA, Y 2012, 'A Noise-Robust Continuous Speech Recognition System Using Block-Based Dynamic Range Adjustment', IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, vol. E95-D, no. 3, pp. 844-852.
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Suñer, S, Tipper, JL & Emami, N 2012, 'Biological effects of wear particles generated in total joint replacements: trends and future prospects', Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 39-52.
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Joint replacements have considerably improved the quality of life of patients with joints damaged by disease or trauma. However, problems associated with wear particles generated due to the relative motion between the components of the bearing are still present and can lead to the eventual failure of the implant. The biological response to wear debris affects directly the longevity of the prosthesis. The identification of the mechanisms by which cells respond to wear debris and how particles distribute into the human body may provide valuable information for the long term success of artificial joints. During the last few decades, orthopaedic research has been focused on predicting the in vivo performance of joint replacements. However, the exact relationship between material physicochemical properties and inflammatory response has not been fully understood. Laboratory wear simulators provide an accurate prediction of implant wear performance. Though, particles generated from such wear simulators require validation to compare them with particles extracted from peri-implant tissues. This review focuses initially on the current status of total joint replacements (hard on soft and hard on hard bearings) as well as on the tribological behaviour of the potential materials currently under investigation. Then, the correspondence between particles observed in vivo and those generated in vitro to predict the cellular response to wear debris is discussed. Finally, the biological effects of the degradation products generated by wear and corrosion are described. © 2012 W. S. Maney & Son Ltd.

Surawski, NC, Ristovski, ZD, Brown, RJ & Situ, R 2012, 'Gaseous and particle emissions from an ethanol fumigated compression ignition engine', ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 145-151.
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A 4-cylinder Ford 2701C test engine was used in this study to explore the impact of ethanol fumigation on gaseous and particle emission concentrations. The fumigation technique delivered vaporised ethanol into the intake manifold of the engine, using an injector, a pump and pressure regulator, a heat exchanger for vaporising ethanol and a separate fuel tank and lines. Gaseous (Nitric oxide (NO), Carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC)) and particulate emissions (particle mass (PM2.5) and particle number) testing was conducted at intermediate speed (1700 rpm) using 4 load settings with ethanol substitution percentages ranging from 10% to 40% (by energy). With ethanol fumigation, NO and PM2.5 emissions were reduced, whereas CO and HC emissions increased considerably and particle number emissions increased at most test settings. It was found that ethanol fumigation reduced the excess air factor for the engine and this led to increased emissions of CO and HC, but decreased emissions of NO. PM2.5 emissions were reduced with ethanol fumigation, as ethanol has a very low 'sooting' tendency. This is due to the higher hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of this fuel, and also because ethanol does not contain aromatics, both of which are known soot precursors. The use of a diesel oxidation catalyst (as an after-treatment device) is recommended to achieve a reduction in the four pollutants that are currently regulated for compression ignition engines. The increase in particle number emissions with ethanol fumigation was due to the formation of volatile (organic) particles; consequently, using a diesel oxidation catalyst will also assist in reducing particle number emissions. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Sutcliffe, PJ, Solomon, A & Edwards, J 2012, 'Computing the variance of tour costs over the solution space of the TSP in polynomial time', Computational Optimization and Applications, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 711-728.
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We give an O(n 2) time algorithm to find the population variance of tour costs over the solution space of the n city symmetric Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). The algorithm has application in both the stochastic case, where the problem is specified in terms of edge costs which are pairwise independently distributed random variables with known mean and variance, and the numeric edge cost case. We apply this result to provide empirical evidence that, in a range of real world problem sets, the optimal tour cost correlates with a simple function of the mean and variance of tour costs

Sweetman, LJ, Nghiem, L, Chironi, I, Triani, G, in het Panhuis, M & Ralph, SF 2012, 'Synthesis, properties and water permeability of SWNT buckypapers', Journal of Materials Chemistry, vol. 22, no. 27, pp. 13800-13800.
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Sweetser, P, Johnson, D, Ozdowska, A & Wyeth, P 2012, 'Active versus Passive Screen Time for Young Children', Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 94-98.
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IN THIS PAPER WE REPORT SOME initial findings from our investigations into the Australian Government's Longitudinal Study of Australian Children dataset. It is revealed that the majority of Australian children are exceeding the government's Screen Time recommendations and that most of their screen time is spent as TV viewing, as opposed to video game play or computer use. In light of this finding, we review the body of research surrounding children's engagement in Screen Time activities and the associated positive and negative effects. Based on existing evidence, we define two categories of Screen Time—Active Screen Time and Passive Screen Time. It is proposed that this distinction provides a more accurate classification of Screen Time and a more informative lens through which to consider the associated benefits and detrimental effects for young children.

Tabatabaiefar, SHR, Fatahi, B & Samali, B 2012, 'Finite difference modelling of soil-structure interaction for seismic design of moment resisting building frames', Australian Geomechanics Journal, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 113-120.
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The importance of Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) both for static and dynamic loads has been well established and the related literature spans at least 30 years of computational and analytical approaches for solving soil-structure interaction problems. Since the 1990s, great effort has been made to substitute the classical methods of design by new ones based on the concept of performance-based seismic design. Also, the necessity of estimating the vulnerability of existing structures and assessing reliable methods for their retrofit have greatly attracted the attention of engineering communities in most seismic zones throughout the world. In the present study, in order to draw a clear picture of soil characteristics effects on seismic response of moment resisting building frames, a ten storey moment resisting building frame, resting on shallow foundation, is selected in conjunction with three soil types with shear wave velocities less than 600m/s, representing soil classes Ce, De and Ee, according to Australian Standard AS 1170.4. The structure is modelled considering the three mentioned types of the soil deposits employing Finite Difference approach using FLAC 2D software. Fully nonlinear dynamic analyses under influence of different earthquake records are conducted, and the results of the different cases are compared and discussed. The results indicate that as shear wave velocity and shear modulus of the subsoil decrease, inter-storey drifts and subsequently the necessity of considering SSI effects in seismic design of moment resisting building frames increase. In general, by decreasing the subsoil stiffness, the effects of soil-structure interaction become more dominant and detrimental to the seismic behaviour of moment resisting building frames. These effects substantially alter performance level of the building model resting on soil classes De and Ee from life safe to near collapse. Consequently, structural safety for the mentioned building frames ...

Takahashi, N, Dorrell, D & Guo, Y 2012, 'COMPUMAG 2011 Publication Chairs' Foreword', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 172-172.
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Talatahari, S, Farahmand Azar, B, Sheikholeslami, R & Gandomi, AH 2012, 'Imperialist competitive algorithm combined with chaos for global optimization', Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 1312-1319.
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Tang, F, Tang, C, Guo, M, Guo, S & Yu, S 2012, 'Service-Oriented Wireless Sensor Networks and An Energy-Aware Mesh Routing Algorithm', AD HOC & SENSOR WIRELESS NETWORKS, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 21-46.

Tao, M, Li, X & Wu, C 2012, 'Characteristics of the unloading process of rocks under high initial stress', Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 45, pp. 83-92.
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The unloading process of rocks under high initial stress is complex, and verifying the mechanism of the unloading process in the field or in a laboratory is not straightforward. In this study, the unloading process of rocks under high initial stress was characterised by a mathematical physics model, which was then implemented in the finite element program LS-DYNA for analysis. In particular, the implicit and explicit methods were performed in sequence in the finite element simulation of rocks with initial stresses. In the numerical simulation, the characteristics of the dynamic unloading process of rocks were investigated for various peak initial stresses, initial stress release paths and initial stress release rates (ISRRs). The numerical results indicated that the rock failure could be induced by the release of the initial stress; furthermore, there is a relationship between the magnitude of the unloading failure and the peak initial stresses, the initial stress release paths and the ISRRs. When the initial stresses were at the same level, the equivalent initial stress release rate (EISRR) was introduced to quantitatively describe the characteristics of the unloading process. Using the numerical results, the unloading failure process was characterised, and a method for the static stress initialisation-dynamic unloading of rock was developed. © 2012.

Tao, W & Zhang, G 2012, 'Trusted interaction approach for dynamic service selection using multi-criteria decision making technique', Knowledge-Based Systems, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 116-122.
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Recent developments in information technology have shifted the computing paradigm in a more dynamic direction, and this has raised new challenges. In a dynamic computing environment, (1) the number of transacting entities is not fixed; (2) the relationship between these entities are very dynamic; (3) transacting entities may not necessarily have previous knowledge of each other; (4) the surrounding context may possibly constantly change; and, (5) it is possible that the transaction is conducted in fully a automatic approach. Based on these unique feature in a dynamic environment, we claim that two important challenges need to be resolved: one is transacting entities should be able to establish trusted interactions between each other, and another is transacting entities should be able to select the most suitable transacting entities by pre-programmed business rules and current context. Based on our previous research work on MobiPass, this paper proposes a technique which successfully solves the above two important research issues by using Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) on top of the MobiPass framework, to help transacting entities select the most suitable transacting partners under a trusted interaction in dynamic environments in real time

Tavakoli, J, Miar, S, Majid Zadehzare, M & Akbari, H 2012, 'Evaluation of effectiveness of herbal medication in cancer care: a review study.', Iran J Cancer Prev, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 144-156.
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Based on a common belief, herbal medicine with the least possible side effects should be the center of attention in cancer care; however, in many cases they have not been properly studied with reliable clinical trials in human subjects. In this review, it was attempted to identify the available evidence on the use and clinical effects of herbs in cancer care. The research consists of two major parts including immunomodulator and chemopreventive herbal compounds whose mechanism, biological response, anticancer element of extract and related benefits were completely studied. Also, the safety of herbal anticancer compounds was discussed. Although the use of herbal medicines in treating cancer shows less chemotherapy-induced, toxicity, more researches are required to reach their full therapeutic potentials.

Teng, Q, Zhu, J, Wang, T & Lei, G 2012, 'Fault tolerant direct torque control of three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motors', WSEAS Transactions on Systems, vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 465-476.
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The model of three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with loss of one phase or loss of one transistor is built and its fault tolerant direct torque control (DTC) is investigated. Extra-leg extraswitch inverter is put to use in the post-fault operation. Two different flux estimators are employed in order to calculate stator flux linkage & their corresponding torque and switching table is kept the same as the case of DTC for the healthy motor. The parameters of PI controller and hysteresis controller are determined by differential evolution algorithm. Dynamic responses of both healthy and unhealthy PMSM DTC system adopting aforementioned two flux estimators are given to compare their performance via simulation and some discussion is presented. The simulation results show the proposed fault tolerant DTC yields satisfactory torque and speed control no matter which one of two flux estimators provided in the paper is employed.

Tennakoon, N, Indraratna, B, Rujikiatkamjorn, C, Nimbalkar, S & Neville, T 2012, 'The Role of Ballast-Fouling Characteristics on the Drainage Capacity of Rail Substructure', Geotechnical Testing Journal, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 629-640.
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Abstract The ballast layer is designed to be free draining, but when the voids of the granular medium are wholly or partially filled because of the intrusion of fine particles, the ballast is considered to be “fouled.” To ensure acceptable track performance, it is necessary to maintain good drainage within the ballast layer. This paper critically examines the current methods commonly used for evaluating the degree of ballast fouling and, because of their limitations, a new parameter, “void contaminant index” is introduced. A series of large-scale constant head hydraulic conductivity tests were conducted with different levels of fouling to establish the relationship between the void contamination index and the associated hydraulic conductivity. Subsequently, a numerical analysis was executed to simulate more realistic two-dimensional flow under actual track geometry capturing the drainage capacity of ballast in relation to the void contamination index. In the context of observed test data, the drainage condition of the track could be classified into different categories together with a classification chart capturing the degree of fouling. The contents of this paper have already been considered in track maintenance schemes in the states of Queensland and New South Wales.

Thi, TH, Cheng, L, Zhang, J, Wang, L & Satoh, S 2012, 'Integrating local action elements for action analysis', Computer Vision and Image Understanding, vol. 116, no. 3, pp. 378-395.
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In this paper, we propose a framework for human action analysis from video footage. A video action sequence in our perspective is a dynamic structure of sparse local spatial-temporal patches termed action elements, so the problems of action analysis in video are carried out here based on the set of local characteristics as well as global shape of a prescribed action. We first detect a set of action elements that are the most compact entities of an action, then we extend the idea of Implicit Shape Model to space time, in order to properly integrate the spatial and temporal properties of these action elements. In particular, we consider two different recipes to construct action elements: one is to use a Sparse Bayesian Feature Classifier to choose action elements from all detected Spatial Temporal Interest Points, and is termed discriminative action elements. The other one detects affine invariant local features from the holistic Motion History Images, and picks up action elements according to their compactness scores, and is called generative action elements. Action elements detected from either way are then used to construct a voting space based on their local feature representations as well as their global configuration constraints. Our approach is evaluated in the two main contexts of current human action analysis challenges, action retrieval and action classification. Comprehensive experimental results show that our proposed framework marginally outperforms all existing state-of-the-arts techniques on a range of different datasets. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Thi, TH, Cheng, L, Zhang, J, Wang, L & Satoh, S 2012, 'Structured learning of local features for human action classification and localization', Image and Vision Computing, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 1-14.
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Human action recognition is a promising yet non-trivial computer vision field with many potential applications. Current advances in bag-of-feature approaches have brought significant insights into recognizing human actions within complex context. It is, however, a common practice in literature to consider action as merely an orderless set of local salient features. This representation has been shown to be oversimplified, which inherently limits traditional approaches from robust deployment in real-life scenarios. In this work, we propose and show that, by taking into account global configuration of local features, we can greatly improve recognition performance. We first introduce a novel feature selection process called Sparse Hierarchical Bayes Filter to select only the most contributive features of each action type based on neighboring structure constraints. We then present the application of structured learning in human action analysis. That is, by representing human action as a complex set of local features, we can incorporate different spatial and temporal feature constraints into the learning tasks of human action classification and localization. In particular, we tackle the problem of action localization in video using structured learning with two alternatives: one is Dynamic Conditional Random Field from probabilistic perspective; the other is Structural Support Vector Machine from max-margin point of view. We evaluate our modular classification-localization framework on various testbeds, in which our proposed framework is proven to be highly effective and robust compared against bag-of-feature methods. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

THINH, LP, SHERIDAN, L & SCARANI, V 2012, 'TOMOGRAPHIC QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY PROTOCOLS ARE REFERENCE FRAME INDEPENDENT', International Journal of Quantum Information, vol. 10, no. 03, pp. 1250035-1250035.
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We consider the class of reference frame independent protocols in d dimensions for quantum key distribution, in which Alice and Bob have one natural basis that is aligned and the rest of their measurement bases are unaligned. We relate existing approaches to tomographically complete protocols. We comment on two different approaches to finite key bounds in this setting, one direct and one using the entropic uncertainty relation and suggest that the existing finite key bounds can still be improved.

Thomas, D, Ding, G & Crews, K 2012, 'Sustainable timber use in the australian housing market: Are consumers willing to pay the price?', International Journal for Housing Science and Its Applications, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 221-230.
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A large proportion of traditional Australian homes contained timber floors and timber exterior cladding until the advent of the standard concrete slab/brick veneer house. Up to 95% of new homes are built by project home companies and the majority of these contain an external envelope consisting of concrete flooring, clay brick walls and concrete tile or steel sheet roofing. This design is currently driven by consumer's expectation of low cost, durable homes that are completed within restricted time limits. There is now a price premium on bespoke housing projects that differ materially or otherwise from a limited set of designs offered by project home firms. The adoption of concrete and brick homes originated from a perceived advantage of longevity, low maintenance and thermal comfort. Innovation in wood treatments, wood protection and insulation have provided solutions to these issues so that timber is now a viable option with added benefits such as environmental sustainability and erection speed. Australian consumers have a growing awareness and desire to live in a way that is sustainable and are making choices that reflect this attitude. This has been demonstrated through the high adoption rate of recent government-supported schemes such as subsidized insulation and solar panel installation. This paper aims at investigating homeowner's perception of timber as a sustainable building product, the desire of homeowners to use sustainable building products, and the willingness of homeowners to pay a premium to live sustainably. This paper highlights Australian homeowners reluctance to use the most sustainable building materials even when they are willing to pay for a more environmentally sustainable home. This paper presents the results of a questionnaire survey to homeowners in the city of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia and some strategies on how to increase the use of timber in new housing projects in Australia. Copyright © 2012 IAHS.

Tien Bui, D, Pradhan, B, Lofman, O & Revhaug, I 2012, 'Landslide Susceptibility Assessment in Vietnam Using Support Vector Machines, Decision Tree, and Naïve Bayes Models', Mathematical Problems in Engineering, vol. 2012, pp. 1-26.
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The objective of this study is to investigate and compare the results of three data mining approaches, the support vector machines (SVM), decision tree (DT), and Naïve Bayes (NB) models for spatial prediction of landslide hazards in the Hoa Binh province (Vietnam). First, a landslide inventory map showing the locations of 118 landslides was constructed from various sources. The landslide inventory was then randomly partitioned into 70% for training the models and 30% for the model validation. Second, ten landslide conditioning factors were selected (i.e., slope angle, slope aspect, relief amplitude, lithology, soil type, land use, distance to roads, distance to rivers, distance to faults, and rainfall). Using these factors, landslide susceptibility indexes were calculated using SVM, DT, and NB models. Finally, landslide locations that were not used in the training phase were used to validate and compare the landslide susceptibility maps. The validation results show that the models derived using SVM have the highest prediction capability. The model derived using DT has the lowest prediction capability. Compared to the logistic regression model, the prediction capability of the SVM models is slightly better. The prediction capability of the DT and NB models is lower.

Tien Bui, D, Pradhan, B, Lofman, O, Revhaug, I & Dick, OB 2012, 'Landslide susceptibility assessment in the Hoa Binh province of Vietnam: A comparison of the Levenberg–Marquardt and Bayesian regularized neural networks', Geomorphology, vol. 171-172, pp. 12-29.
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Tien Bui, D, Pradhan, B, Lofman, O, Revhaug, I & Dick, OB 2012, 'Landslide susceptibility mapping at Hoa Binh province (Vietnam) using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system and GIS', Computers & Geosciences, vol. 45, pp. 199-211.
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Tien Bui, D, Pradhan, B, Lofman, O, Revhaug, I & Dick, OB 2012, 'Spatial prediction of landslide hazards in Hoa Binh province (Vietnam): A comparative assessment of the efficacy of evidential belief functions and fuzzy logic models', CATENA, vol. 96, pp. 28-40.
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Tijing, LD, Ruelo, MTG, Amarjargal, A, Pant, HR, Park, C-H & Kim, CS 2012, 'One-step fabrication of antibacterial (silver nanoparticles/poly(ethylene oxide)) – Polyurethane bicomponent hybrid nanofibrous mat by dual-spinneret electrospinning', Materials Chemistry and Physics, vol. 134, no. 2-3, pp. 557-561.
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Tijing, LD, Ruelo, MTG, Amarjargal, A, Pant, HR, Park, C-H, Kim, DW & Kim, CS 2012, 'Antibacterial and superhydrophilic electrospun polyurethane nanocomposite fibers containing tourmaline nanoparticles', Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 197, pp. 41-48.
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This paper describes a one-step fabrication of tourmaline (TM) nanoparticles (NPs)-decorated polyurethane (PU) composite nanofibers with superhydrophilic and antibacterial properties. The physico-chemical properties of the prepared samples were characterized by different characterization techniques. FESEM and TEM images confirmed the presence of well-dispersed TM NPs in/on PU nanofibers. The incorporation and homogeneous dispersion of 3. wt% TM NPs in PU exhibited an increase in tensile strength and modulus of 75% and 87%, respectively from those of the neat PU. All TM/PU composite mats showed improved hydrophilicity compared to neat PU mat, and a superhydrophilic surface with a contact angle of 13° was obtained at 5. wt% TM content. FTIR spectra confirmed the interaction of TM NPs to PU matrix through hydrogen bonding. Bacterial tests showed high zone inhibition for both Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) and Enterococci (Gram-positive) using the TM/PU composite mats with increasing efficiency as with the increase of TM NP content. The present TM/PU composite mat, which has improved mechanical properties, superhydrophilic surface, and good antibacterial properties, may be a potential candidate as an antibacterial material, in the field of health-protection textile and water filtration. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

Tomamichel, M & Hayashi, M 2012, 'A Hierarchy of Information Quantities for Finite Block Length Analysis of Quantum Tasks', IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 59, no. 11, pp. 7693-7710.
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We consider two fundamental tasks in quantum information theory, datacompression with quantum side information as well as randomness extractionagainst quantum side information. We characterize these tasks for generalsources using so-called one-shot entropies. We show that thesecharacterizations - in contrast to earlier results - enable us to derive tightsecond order asymptotics for these tasks in the i.i.d. limit. More generally,our derivation establishes a hierarchy of information quantities that can beused to investigate information theoretic tasks in the quantum domain: Theone-shot entropies most accurately describe an operational quantity, yet theytend to be difficult to calculate for large systems. We show that theyasymptotically agree up to logarithmic terms with entropies related to thequantum and classical information spectrum, which are easier to calculate inthe i.i.d. limit. Our techniques also naturally yields bounds on operationalquantities for finite block lengths.

Tomamichel, M & Tan, VYF 2012, 'A Tight Upper Bound for the Third-Order Asymptotics for Most Discrete Memoryless Channels', IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 59, no. 11, pp. 7041-7051.
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This paper shows that the logarithm of the epsilon-error capacity (averageerror probability) for n uses of a discrete memoryless channel is upper boundedby the normal approximation plus a third-order term that does not exceed 1/2log n + O(1) if the epsilon-dispersion of the channel is positive. This matchesa lower bound by Y. Polyanskiy (2010) for discrete memoryless channels withpositive reverse dispersion. If the epsilon-dispersion vanishes, the logarithmof the epsilon-error capacity is upper bounded by the n times the capacity plusa constant term except for a small class of DMCs and epsilon >= 1/2.

Tomamichel, M, Fehr, S, Kaniewski, J & Wehner, S 2012, 'A Monogamy-of-Entanglement Game With Applications to Device-Independent Quantum Cryptography', New J. Phys., vol. 15, p. 103002.
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We consider a game in which two separate laboratories collaborate to preparea quantum system and are then asked to guess the outcome of a measurementperformed by a third party in a random basis on that system. Intuitively, bythe uncertainty principle and the monogamy of entanglement, the probabilitythat both players simultaneously succeed in guessing the outcome correctly isbounded. We are interested in the question of how the success probabilityscales when many such games are performed in parallel. We show that anystrategy that maximizes the probability to win every game individually is alsooptimal for the parallel repetition of the game. Our result implies that theoptimal guessing probability can be achieved without the use of entanglement.We explore several applications of this result. First, we show that it impliessecurity for standard BB84 quantum key distribution when the receiving partyuses fully untrusted measurement devices, i.e. we show that BB84 is one-sideddevice independent. Second, we show how our result can be used to provesecurity of a one-round position-verification scheme. Finally, we generalize awell-known uncertainty relation for the guessing probability to quantum sideinformation.

Tran, NN, Nguyen, HH, Tuan, HD & Dodds, DE 2012, 'Training Designs for Amplify-and-Forward Relaying With Spatially Correlated Antennas', IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 61, no. 6, pp. 2864-2870.
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This paper proposes an optimal training design for an amplify-and-forward (AF) relay system, in which the source, relay, and destination are all equipped with multiple antennas. Examined is the scenario when spatial correlation exists among the multiple

Tran, NN, Nguyen, HH, Tuan, HD & Dodds, DE 2012, 'Training signal designs for spatially correlated multi-user multi-input multi-output with orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing systems', IET Communications, vol. 6, no. 16, pp. 2630-2638.
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Optimal training design and channel estimation for spatially correlated multi-user multi-input multi-output with orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems is still an open research topic of great interest. This study first applies tractable semi-definite programming (SDP) to obtain the optimal training signal for the general case of spatial channel correlations for multi-user MIMO-OFDM. In order to reduce the computational complexity of the SDP-based solution, an approximate solution in closed-form is then presented. For a special case of transmit correlations, an optimal solution in closed-form expression is also derived. Analytical and simulation results demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed designs and their performance advantage over the existing equi-powered training designs

Trianni, A & Cagno, E 2012, 'Dealing with barriers to energy efficiency and SMEs: Some empirical evidences', Energy, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 494-504.
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Tsakonas, A & Gabrys, B 2012, 'GRADIENT: Grammar-driven genetic programming framework for building multi-component, hierarchical predictive systems', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 39, no. 18, pp. 13253-13266.
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Tu, C & Lee, JE-Y 2012, 'Increased dissipation from distributed etch holes in a lateral breathing mode silicon micromechanical resonator', Applied Physics Letters, vol. 101, no. 2.
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Etch holes are commonly used design features when fabricating silicon-on-insulator micromechanical resonators to realize free standing structures. This paper shows that including etch-holes in a square-extensional mode resonator results in marked reduction of quality factor (Q) by 75%. The cause of this drop is explained by our finite element model used to theoretically estimate Q. These theoretical estimates agree well with measurement results. Our analyses show that anchor loss is dominant in a plain structure while etch holes increase thermoelastic damping to the point where both dissipation factors become comparable in determining the actual Q.

Tu, C & Lee, JE-Y 2012, 'Thermoelastic Dissipation in Etch-Hole Filled Lamé Bulk-Mode Silicon Microresonators', IEEE Electron Device Letters, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 450-452.
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Turecek, J, Schwitter, B, Miljak, D & Stancl, M 2012, 'NQR Characteristics of an RDX Plastic Explosives Simulant', Applied Magnetic Resonance, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 567-577.
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Uthman, M, Rahman, BMA, Kejalakshmy, N, Agrawal, A & Grattan, KTV 2012, 'Design and Characterization of Low-Loss Porous-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber', IEEE Photonics Journal, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 2315-2325.
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Uthman, M, Rahman, BMA, Kejalakshmy, N, Agrawal, A, Abana, H & Grattan, KTV 2012, 'Stabilized Large Mode Area in Tapered Photonic Crystal Fiber for Stable Coupling', IEEE Photonics Journal, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 340-349.
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van den Hoven, E, Sas, C & Whittaker, S 2012, 'Introduction to this Special Issue on Designing for Personal Memories: Past, Present, and Future', HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION, vol. 27, no. 1-2, pp. 1-12.
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This special issue focuses on new uses of digital media to help people remember in everyday situations. We begin this introduction by describing the field's origins (personal memories past), using this to contextualise the papers presented here (personal memories present). We conclude by identifying a number of important research challenges that we feel must be addressed by future work in this area (personal memories future).

Veitch, V, Ferrie, C, Gross, D & Emerson, J 2012, 'Negative quasi-probability as a resource for quantum computation', New Journal of Physics, vol. 14, no. 11, pp. 113011-113011.
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A central problem in quantum information is to determine the minimal physical resources that are required for quantum computational speed-up and, in particular, for fault-tolerant quantum computation. We establish a remarkable connection between the potential for quantum speed-up and the onset of negative values in a distinguished quasi-probability representation, a discrete analogue of the Wigner function for quantum systems of odd dimension. This connection allows us to resolve an open question on the existence of bound states for magic state distillation: we prove that there exist mixed states outside the convex hull of stabilizer states that cannot be distilled to non-stabilizer target states using stabilizer operations. We also provide an efficient simulation protocol for Clifford circuits that extends to a large class of mixed states, including bound universal states. © IOP Publishing and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft.

Veitch, V, Wiebe, N, Ferrie, C & Emerson, J 2012, 'Efficient simulation scheme for a class of quantum optics experiments with non-negative Wigner representation', New Journal of Physics, vol. 15, p. 013037.
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We provide a scheme for efficient simulation of a broad class of quantumoptics experiments. Our efficient simulation extends the continuous variableGottesman-Knill theorem to a large class of non-Gaussian mixed states, therebyidentifying that these non-Gaussian states are not an enabling resource forexponential quantum speed-up. Our results also provide an operationallymotivated interpretation of negativity as non-classicality. We apply our schemeto the case of noisy single-photon-added-thermal-states to show that this classadmits states with positive Wigner function but negative P -function that arenot useful resource states for quantum computation.

Velani, N, Wilson, O, Halkon, BJ & Harland, AR 2012, 'Measuring the risk of sustaining injury in sport a novel approach to aid the re-design of personal protective equipment', Applied Ergonomics, vol. 43, no. 5, pp. 883-890.
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Despite the possibilities offered by new approaches in design and advances in materials and manufacturing methods, few items of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) used in sport have seen significant change for many decades. A major reason for this is the tradition and conservative attitudes associated with many sports, although the absence of appropriate tools and techniques to assist the design and development process has also played a large part. The aim of this study was to develop the first stage of a method of identifying specific regions of the human anatomy that are at the greatest risk of sustaining injury during participation in sports in which the player is subjected to multiple ballistic impacts. It is proposed that the findings could be used to confirm future designs of sports PPE. Previous studies have identified the amount and the location of the protection provided by current commercially available products but, until now, no evidence has been reported to determine what protection is required based on an understanding of the likely impact and the anatomy of the athlete.Using the leg and cricket as examples of an anatomical feature and a sporting application respectively, the severity and probability of injury due to ball impacts typically observed in play are quantified, with respect to their location on the leg, to estimate the level of risk in that region. Results show that the level of risk is greatest in the shin regions of the front leg, suggesting that this region should be offered the greatest degree of protection, as is generally the case in commercially available leg guard designs. Conversely, however, the inner region of the mid shin of the back leg is at the lowest risk, suggesting that protection in this region might be substantially reduced, a feature which is certainly not included in current product; such a reduction may significantly enhance the ergonomic performance of the leg guard design.The findings of this preliminar...

Verma, P, Singh, R & Kumar Singh, A 2012, 'A Framework for the Next Generation Screen Readers for Visually Impaired', International Journal of Computer Applications, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 31-38.
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Despite shortcomings, Screen Readers have been the primary tool for using internet by visually impaired. In this paper, we present a framework for an advanced Screen Reader that aims at eliminating the drawbacks that are associated with the existing systems. The proposed framework makes the use of informed search technique to enhance the usability and navigability. Some of its features like background music to appraise the layout structure of web page, mouse hovering to speak out glimpses of the underlying text make the use of image processing techniques. These features are implemented independent of the rest development therefore they can also be used to enhance any existing Screen Reader.

Vicars, R, Prokopovich, P, Brown, TD, Tipper, JL, Ingham, E, Fisher, J & Hall, RM 2012, 'The Effect of Anterior-Posterior Shear on the Wear of CHARITÉ Total Disc Replacement', Spine, vol. 37, no. 9, pp. E528-E534.
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Visintin, P, Oehlers, DJ, Wu, C & Griffith, MC 2012, 'The reinforcement contribution to the cyclic behaviour of reinforced concrete beam hinges', Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, vol. 41, no. 12, pp. 1591-1608.
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SUMMARYThe cyclic behaviour of plastic hinges is an essential component in tracking the behaviour of RC frames to failure, not only for monotonically increasing force/pressure loads such as under extreme wind loads but also for dynamic displacement‐driven loads such as under earthquake ground motions. To describe member deformations at ultimate loading, traditional moment–curvature techniques have required the use of an empirical hinge length to predict rotations, and despite much research a definitive generic expression for this empirical hinge length is yet to be defined. To overcome this problem, a discrete rotation approach, which directly quantifies the rotation between crack faces using mechanics, has been developed for beams and been shown to be accurate under monotonic loading. In this paper, the discrete rotation approach for monotonic loads is extended to cope with cyclic loads for dynamic analyses, and this has led to the development of a new partial interaction numerical simulation capable of allowing for reversals of slip of the reinforcing bars. This numerical tool should be very useful for the nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete beams and reinforced concrete columns with small axial loads under severe dynamic loads. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Visintin, P, Oehlers, DJ, Wu, C & Haskett, M 2012, 'A mechanics solution for hinges in RC beams with multiple cracks', Engineering Structures, vol. 36, pp. 61-69.
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Vitanov, A, Dupuis, F, Tomamichel, M & Renner, R 2012, 'Chain Rules for Smooth Min- and Max-Entropies', IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 59, no. 5, pp. 2603-2612.
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The chain rule for the Shannon and von Neumann entropy, which relates thetotal entropy of a system to the entropies of its parts, is of centralimportance to information theory. Here we consider the chain rule for the moregeneral smooth min- and max-entropy, used in one-shot information theory. Forthese entropy measures, the chain rule no longer holds as an equality, butmanifests itself as a set of inequalities that reduce to the chain rule for thevon Neumann entropy in the i.i.d. case.

Wahid, H, Ha, QP & Duc, H 2012, 'New sampling scheme for neural network-based metamodelling with application to air pollutant estimation', Gerontechnology, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 336-336.
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A new method for the DOE is introduced, which uses a distance weight function to measure the normalised distance for all the input-output data points, and followed by clustering it to n numbers of sampling points by using a k-means algorithm. A radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) metamodel approach is then being used to evaluate the performance of the proposed DOE using a nonlinear and high-dimensional mathematical function, and to solve a practical nonlinear complex problem, i.e. the air pollutant estimation. For the latter, a metamodel for the spatial approximation of the air pollutant (in particular for ozone case) is constructed. The results show that the proposed method produces an improved performance in the estimation as compared to without the implementation of DOE, and in many cases, it outperforms the networks developed from other sampling designs of the same size.

WALKER, R, INDRARATNA, B & RUJIKIATKAMJORN, C 2012, 'Vertical drain consolidation with non-Darcian flow and void-ratio-dependent compressibility and permeability', Géotechnique, vol. 62, no. 11, pp. 985-997.
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Vertical drains increase the rate of consolidation in soft soils by facilitating faster dissipation of excess pore water pressure through short, horizontal drainage paths. This paper presents an analytical solution for non-linear radial consolidation under equal-strain conditions incorporating smear but ignoring well resistance. Three aspects of non-linearity are considered: (a) non-Darcian flow, (b) a log-linear void-ratio–stress relationship; and (b) a log-linear void-ratio–permeability relationship. The analytical solution to non-linear radial consolidation can explicitly capture the behaviour of both overconsolidated and normally consolidated soils. For non-linear material properties, consolidation may be faster or slower when compared with the cases with constant material properties. The difference depends on the compressibility/permeability ratios (Cc/Ck and Cr/Ck), the preconsolidation pressure and the stress increase. If Cc/Ck < 1 or Cr/Ck < 1 then the coefficient of consolidation increases as excess pore pressures dissipate, and the corresponding rate of consolidation is greater.

Wan, J, Yu, Y, Wu, Y, Feng, R & Yu, N 2012, 'Hierarchical Leak Detection and Localization Method in Natural Gas Pipeline Monitoring Sensor Networks', SENSORS, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 189-214.
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In light of the problems of low recognition efficiency, high false rates and poor localization accuracy in traditional pipeline security detection technology, this paper proposes a type of hierarchical leak detection and localization method for use in natural gas pipeline monitoring sensor networks. In the signal preprocessing phase, original monitoring signals are dealt with by wavelet transform technology to extract the single mode signals as well as characteristic parameters. In the initial recognition phase, a multiclassifier model based on SVM is constructed and characteristic parameters are sent as input vectors to the multi-classifier for initial recognition. In the final decision phase, an improved evidence combination rule is designed to integrate initial recognition results for final decisions. Furthermore, a weighted average localization algorithm based on time difference of arrival is introduced for determining the leak point's position. Experimental results illustrate that this hierarchical pipeline leak detection and localization method could effectively improve the accuracy of the leak point localization and reduce the undetected rate as well as false alarm rate. © 2012 by the authors.

Wang Wenzhi, Ye Sheng, Liang Xianling, Jin Ronghong, Bird, TS, Guo, YJ & Geng Junping 2012, 'Even- and Odd-Mode Analysis of Thick and Wide Transverse Slot in Waveguides Based on a Variational Method', IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 60, no. 11, pp. 3349-3358.
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Based on a new variational method, an even- and odd-mode analysis of transverse coupling slot between waveguides is presented. The proposed method is capable of dealing with slots of finite wall thickness. It uses multiple incident waves with symmetry to simplify the field distribution in the vicinity of the slot, enabling the adoption of one-expansion-term trial functions with sufficient accuracy, even in the instance of wide slots. Analytical solutions are provided, and the calculated results demonstrate excellent agreement with those of numerical simulation. The computation time with the new formulation is, however, significantly shorter. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

Wang, C, Cao, L & Miao, B 2012, 'Optimal feature selection for sparse linear discriminant analysis and its applications in gene expression data', Computational Statistics and Data Analysis, vol. 66, pp. 140-149.
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This work studies the theoretical rules of feature selection in lineardiscriminant analysis (LDA), and a new feature selection method is proposed forsparse linear discriminant analysis. An $l_1$ minimization method is used toselect the important features from which the LDA will be constructed. Theasymptotic results of this proposed two-stage LDA (TLDA) are studied,demonstrating that TLDA is an optimal classification rule whose convergencerate is the best compared to existing methods. The experiments on simulated andreal datasets are consistent with the theoretical results and show that TLDAperforms favorably in comparison with current methods. Overall, TLDA uses alower minimum number of features or genes than other approaches to achieve abetter result with a reduced misclassification rate.

Wang, C, Tong, T, Cao, L & Miao, B 2012, 'Non-parametric shrinkage mean estimation for quadratic loss functions with unknown covariance matrices', Journal of Multivariate Analysis, vol. 125, pp. 222-232.
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In this paper, a shrinkage estimator for the population mean is proposedunder known quadratic loss functions with unknown covariance matrices. The newestimator is non-parametric in the sense that it does not assume a specificparametric distribution for the data and it does not require the priorinformation on the population covariance matrix. Analytical results on theimprovement of the proposed shrinkage estimator are provided and somecorresponding asymptotic properties are also derived. Finally, we demonstratethe practical improvement of the proposed method over existing methods throughextensive simulation studies and real data analysis. Keywords: High-dimensionaldata; Shrinkage estimator; Large $p$ small $n$; $U$-statistic.

Wang, C, Yang, J, Miao, B & Cao, L 2012, 'On Identity Tests for High Dimensional Data Using RMT', Journal of Multivariate Analysis, vol. 118, pp. 128-137.
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In this work, we redefined two important statistics, the CLRT test (Baiet.al., Ann. Stat. 37 (2009) 3822-3840) and the LW test (Ledoit and Wolf, Ann.Stat. 30 (2002) 1081-1102) on identity tests for high dimensional data usingrandom matrix theories. Compared with existing CLRT and LW tests, the new testscan accommodate data which has unknown means and non-Gaussian distributions.Simulations demonstrate that the new tests have good properties in terms ofsize and power. What is more, even for Gaussian data, our new tests performfavorably in comparison to existing tests. Finally, we find the CLRT is moresensitive to eigenvalues less than 1 while the LW test has more advantages inrelation to detecting eigenvalues larger than 1.

Wang, GC, Zheng, W, Wu, T, Jiang, H, Zhao, GQ, Wei, DB & Jiang, ZY 2012, 'A multi-region model for numerical simulation of micro bulk forming', Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 212, no. 3, pp. 678-684.
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Due to the small billet size in micro forming, each grain, especially that on the surface layer, has direct influence on the deformation behavior of the billet. The multi-region model was proposed for simulating the micro bulk forming process in this paper. The object in the model is divided into three different regions: the inner polycrystal region, the grain interior of the surface region and the grain-boundary layer in the surface region. Each surface grain has different orientation. Depending on the Hall-Petch formula, which is applicable to describe polycrystal materials, and introducing scale parameters, the constitutive equation of each region is deduced based on the unidirectional compression tests data of the copper specimen. Using the multi-region model, the coining process with micro feature is simulated to investigate the size effect in micro forming. Moreover, an experiment of coining process with micro-feature is performed to verify the correctness of the multi-region simulation model. The experimental results show a good agreement with those in numerical simulation. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Wang, J, Lu, H, Dong, Y & Chi, D 2012, 'The model of chaotic sequences based on adaptive particle swarm optimization arithmetic combined with seasonal term', Applied Mathematical Modelling, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 1184-1196.
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Within a competitive electric power market, electricity price is one of the core elements, which is crucial to all the market participants. Accurately forecasting of electricity price becomes highly desirable. This paper propose a forecasting model of el

Wang, SY, Sloan, SW, Sheng, DC & Tang, CA 2012, 'Numerical analysis of the failure process around a circular opening in rock', Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 39, pp. 8-16.
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Wang, X, Stewart, MG & Nguyen, M 2012, 'Impact of climate change on corrosion and damage to concrete infrastructure in Australia', Climatic Change, vol. 110, no. 3-4, pp. 941-957.
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The durability of concrete is determined largely by its deterioration over time which is affected by the environment. Climate change may alter this environment, causing an acceleration of deterioration processes that will affect the safety and serviceability of concrete infrastructure in Australia, U. S., Europe, China and elsewhere. This investigation of concrete deterioration under changing climate in Australia uses Monte-Carlo simulation of results from General Circulation Models (GCMs) and considers high greenhouse gas emission scenarios representing the A1FI schemes of the IPCC. We present the implications of climate change for the durability of concrete structures, in terms of changes in probability of reinforcement corrosion initiation and corrosion induced damage at a given calendar year between 2000 and 2100 across Australia. Since the main driver to increased concrete deterioration is CO 2 concentration and temperature, then increases in damage risks observed in Australia are likely to be observed in other concrete infrastructure internationally. The impact of climate change on the deterioration cannot be ignored, but can be addressed by new approaches in design. Existing concrete structures, for which design has not considered the effects of changing climate may deteriorate more rapidly than originally planned. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

Wang, X, Wang, Z & Xu, X 2012, 'Effective Service Composition in Large Scale Service Market', International Journal of Web Services Research, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 74-94.
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The web has undergone a tremendous shift from information repository to the provisioning capacity of services. As an effective means of constructing coarse-grained solutions by dynamically aggregating a set of services to satisfy complex requirements, traditional service composition suffers from dramatic decrease on the efficiency of determining the optimal solution when large scale services are available in the Internet based service market. Most current approaches look for the optimal composition solution by real-time computation, and the composition efficiency greatly depends on the adopted algorithms. To eliminate such deficiency, this paper proposes a semi-empirical composition approach which incorporates the extraction of empirical evidence from historical experiences to provide guidance to solution space reduction to real-time service selection. Service communities and historical requirements are further organized into clusters based on similarity measurement, and then the probabilistic correspondences between the two types of clusters are identified by statistical analysis. For each new request, its hosting requirement cluster would be identified and corresponding service clusters would be determined by leveraging Bayesian inference. Concrete services would be selected from the reduced solution space to constitute the final composition. Timing strategies for re-clustering and consideration to special cases in clustering ensures continual adaption of the approach to changing environment. Instead of relying solely on pure real-time computation, the approach distinguishes from traditional methods by combining the two perspectives together.

Wang, Y & Luo, Z 2012, 'Design of Compliant Mechanisms of Distributed Compliance Using a Level-Set Based Topology Optimization Method', Applied Mechanics and Materials, vol. 110-116, pp. 2319-2323.
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This paper presents a level set-based structural shape and topology optimization for the design of compliant mechanisms. The design boundary of the compliant mechanism is implicitly represented as the zero level-set of a higher-dimensional level set surface. A quadratic energy functional is introduced to augment the objective function in order to control the structural geometric size of the resulting mechanism. The optimization is thus changed to a numerical process that describes the design as a sequence of motions by updating the implicit boundaries until the optimized structure is achieved under specified constraints. A semi-implicit scheme with an additive operator splitting (AOS) algorithm is used to solve the Hamilton-Jacobi partial differential equation (PDE) in the level set method. In doing so, it is expected that numerical difficulties in most conventional level set methods can be eliminated. The final mechanism is characterized with strip-like members able to generate distributed compliance, and so that to resolve the hinge problem long sought-after in the design of compliant mechanisms. Typical numerical case is used to evidence the effectiveness of this method in the design of monolithic compliant mechanisms.

Wang, Y, Hao, H, Zhu, X & Ou, J 2012, 'Spectral Element Modelling of Wave Propagation with Boundary and Structural Discontinuity Reflections', Advances in Structural Engineering, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 855-870.
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Spectral element method is very efficient in modelling high-frequency stress wave propagation because it works in the frequency domain. It does not need to use very fine meshes in order to capture high frequency wave energy as the time domain methods do, such as finite element method. However, the conventional spectral element method requires a throw-off element to be added to the structural boundaries to act as a conduit for energy to transmit out of the system. This makes the method difficult to model wave reflection at boundaries. To overcome this limitation, imaginary spectral elements are proposed in this study, which are combined with the real structural elements to model wave reflections at structural boundaries. The efficiency and accuracy of this proposed approach is verified by comparing the numerical simulation results with measured results of one dimensional stress wave propagation in a steel bar. The method is also applied to model wave propagation in a steel bar with not only boundary reflection, but also reflections from single and multiple cracks. The reflection and transmission coefficients, which are obtained from the discrete spring model, are adopted to quantify the discontinuities. Experimental tests of wave propagation in a steel bar with one crack of different depths are also carried out. Numerical simulations and experimental results show that the proposed method is effective and reliable in modelling wave propagation in one-dimensional waveguides with reflections from boundary and structural discontinuities. The proposed method can be applied to effectively model stress wave propagation for structural damage detection.

Warkiani, ME, Lou, C-P, Liu, H-B & Gong, H-Q 2012, 'A high-flux isopore micro-fabricated membrane for effective concentration and recovering of waterborne pathogens', Biomedical Microdevices, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 669-677.
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Wei, DB, Jiang, ZY, Huang, JX, Zhang, AW, Shi, X & Jiao, SH 2012, 'Study on Surface Roughness and Friction during Hot Rolling of Stainless Steel 301', Advanced Materials Research, vol. 500, pp. 403-409.
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A well-defined boundary condition is important for generating an accurate model for simulating metal forming process. It is important to characterize the features of the oxide scale in hot rolling of stainless steel strip. Short time oxidation tests in humid air with water vapor content of 7.0 vol. % were carried out using Gleeble 3500 thermo-mechanical simulator. The deformation, surface morphology of oxide scale, and the friction in hot rolling were studied by conducting hot rolling tests. The results show that the surface roughness decreases with an increase of reduction. The effect of oxide scale on friction and surface roughness transfer in hot rolling depends on oxide scale generated during reheating. When reheating time is increased, the average thickness of oxide scale increases and a relatively rough surface was obtained after hot rolling. Thick oxide scale of 301 steel shows the high lubricative effect.

Wei, GW & Merigó, JM 2012, 'Methods for strategic decision-making problems with immediate probabilities in intuitionistic fuzzy setting', Scientia Iranica, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 1936-1946.
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Wijeratne, INM, Kejalakshmy, N, Agrawal, A, Rahman, BMA & Grattan, KTV 2012, 'Numerical Analysis of Second Harmonic Generation in Soft Glass Equiangular Spiral Photonic Crystal Fibers', IEEE Photonics Journal, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 357-368.
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Wilde, MM & Hsieh, M-H 2012, 'Erratum to: The quantum dynamic capacity formula of a quantum channel; Public and private resource trade-offs for a quantum channel', Quantum Information Processing, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 1503-1509.
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Wilde, MM, Datta, N, Hsieh, M-H & Winter, A 2012, 'Quantum rate distortion coding with auxiliary resources', IEEE Transactions on Information Theory vol. 59, no. 10, pages 6755-6773 (October 2013), vol. 59, no. 10, pp. 6755-6773.
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We extend quantum rate distortion theory by considering auxiliary resourcesthat might be available to a sender and receiver performing lossy quantum datacompression. The first setting we consider is that of quantum rate distortioncoding with the help of a classical side channel. Our result here is that theregularized entanglement of formation characterizes the quantum rate distortionfunction, extending earlier work of Devetak and Berger. We also combine thisbound with the entanglement-assisted bound from our prior work to obtain thebest known bounds on the quantum rate distortion function for an isotropicqubit source. The second setting we consider is that of quantum rate distortioncoding with quantum side information (QSI) available to the receiver. In orderto prove results in this setting, we first state and prove a quantum reverseShannon theorem with QSI (for tensor-power states), which extends the knowntensor-power quantum reverse Shannon theorem. The achievability part of thistheorem relies on the quantum state redistribution protocol, while the converserelies on the fact that the protocol can cause only a negligible disturbance tothe joint state of the reference and the receiver's QSI. This quantum reverseShannon theorem with QSI naturally leads to quantum rate-distortion theoremswith QSI, with or without entanglement assistance.

Wilde, MM, Hayden, P, Buscemi, F & Hsieh, M-H 2012, 'The information-theoretic costs of simulating quantum measurements', Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical vol. 45, no. 45, p. 453001 (2012), vol. 45, no. 45, pp. 1-67.
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Winter's measurement compression theorem stands as one of the mostpenetrating insights of quantum information theory (QIT). In addition to makingan original and profound statement about measurement in quantum theory, it alsounderlies several other general protocols in QIT. In this paper, we provide afull review of Winter's measurement compression theorem, detailing theinformation processing task, giving examples for understanding it, reviewingWinter's achievability proof, and detailing a new approach to its single-letterconverse theorem. We prove an extension of the theorem to the case in which thesender is not required to receive the outcomes of the simulated measurement.The total cost of common randomness and classical communication can be lowerfor such a 'non-feedback' simulation, and we prove a single-letter conversetheorem demonstrating optimality. We then review the Devetak-Winter theorem onclassical data compression with quantum side information, providing new proofsof its achievability and converse parts. From there, we outline a new protocolthat we call 'measurement compression with quantum side information,' announcedpreviously by two of us in our work on triple trade-offs in quantum Shannontheory. This protocol has several applications, including its part in the'classically-assisted state redistribution' protocol, which is the most generalprotocol on the static side of the quantum information theory tree, and itsrole in reducing the classical communication cost in a task known as localpurity distillation. We also outline a connection between measurementcompression with quantum side information and recent work on entropicuncertainty relations in the presence of quantum memory. Finally, we prove asingle-letter theorem characterizing measurement compression with quantum sideinformation when the sender is not required to obtain the measurement outcome.

Woodside, AG, Megehee, CM & Sood, S 2012, 'Conversations with(in) the collective unconscious by consumers, brands, and relevant others', Journal of Business Research, vol. 65, no. 5, pp. 594-602.
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Jung's (2009) paintings of his dreams to enable conscious interpretation of his conversations within the collective unconscious informs a call for creating visual narrative art to inform meanings of personal and collective unconscious relating to stories consumers tell about buying and using brands. This study describes 13 conversations relevant to the study of conscious and the collective unconscious for consumer-brand relationships/communications. The 13 conversations' paradigm is useful for complementing the dominant logic by scholars of asking questions and relying on consumer conscious interpretations in their responses. The article advocates the use of multiple methods for both collecting and interpreting consumer-brand relationships, and illustrates the usage of storyboard-art of consumer-brand relationships in natural contexts. Brand strategy implications focus on the value of identifying how brands enable consumers to enact primal forces (archetypes).

Wu, A, Wen, S & Zeng, Z 2012, 'Synchronization control of a class of memristor-based recurrent neural networks', Information Sciences, vol. 183, no. 1, pp. 106-116.
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Wu, C 2012, 'Research development on protection of structures against blast loading at University of Adelaide', AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 97-109.
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Wu, C 2012, 'Research development on protection of structures against blast loading at University of Adelaide', Australian Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 97-109.
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This paper presents a review of research into the protection of structural members against blast loading at The University of Adelaide, including experimental, analytical and numerical studies on characteristics of blast loading, blast resistance of structural members and mitigation of blasts effects on structural members using retrofitting techniques. Explosive blasts are investigated experimentally and numerically to study the distributions of peak overpressure and impulse generated from spherical charges and cylindrical charges with different orientations in unconfined and confined environments. A series of blast tests on reinforced concrete (RC) slabs, ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) slabs, and aluminium foam protected RC slabs was conducted to investigate the performance of those slabs under blast loads. With the blast testing data numerical models including single degree of freedom model, finite difference model and final element model, have been developed and validated and those numerical models are then used to analyse the blast effects of RC, UHPC and foam protected RC slabs. Investigation of mitigation of blast effects on masonry structures is also addressed.

Wu, M, Jewell, R & Gide, E 2012, 'An eyeball diagram: illustrating the common CSFs in e-commerce business satisfaction for successful adoption of e-commerce systems by SMEs', International Journal of Electronic Customer Relationship Management, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 169-169.
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Wu, Z, Xu, G, Yu, Z, Yi, X, Chen, E & Zhang, Y 2012, 'Executing SQL queries over encrypted character strings in the Database-As-Service model', Knowledge-Based Systems, vol. 35, pp. 332-348.
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Rapid advances in the networking technologies have prompted the emergence of the 'software as service' model for enterprise computing, moreover, which is becoming one of the key industries quickly. 'Database as service' model provides users power to store, modify and retrieve data from anywhere in the world, as long as they have access to the Internet, thus, being increasingly popular in current enterprise data management systems. However, this model introduces several challenges, an essential issue being how to implement SQL queries over encrypted data efficiently. To ensure data security, this model generally encrypts sensitive data at the trusted client's site, before storing them into the non-trusted database service provider's site, which, unfortunately, results in that SQL queries cannot be executed over the encrypted data immediately at the database service provider. In this paper we only focus on how to query encrypted character strings efficiently. Our strategy is that when storing character strings to the database service provider, we not only store the encrypted character strings themselves, but also generate some characteristic index values for these character strings, and store them in an additional field; and when querying the encrypted character strings, we first execute a coarse query over the characteristic index fields at the database service provider, in order to filter out most of tuples not related to the querying conditions, and then, we decrypt the rest tuples and execute a refined query over them again at the client site. In our strategy, we define an n-phase reachability matrix for a character string and use it as the characteristic index values, and based on such a definition, we present some theorems to split a SQL query into its server-side representation and client-side representation for partitioning the computation of a query across the client and the server and thus improving query performance. Finally, experimental resul...

Wu, Z, Xu, G, Zhang, Y, Cao, Z, Li, G & Hu, Z 2012, 'GMQL: A graphical multimedia query language', Knowledge-Based Systems, vol. 26, pp. 135-143.
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The rapid increase of multimedia data makes multimedia query more and more important. To better satisfy users' query requirements, developing a functional multimedia query language is becoming a promising and interesting task. In this paper, we propose a graphical multimedia query language called GMQL, which is developed based on a semi-structured data organization model. In GMQL, we combine the advantages of graphs and texts, making the query language much clear, easy to use and with powerful expressiveness. In this paper, we first present the notations and basic capabilities of GMQL by query examples. Second, we discuss the GMQL query processing techniques. Last, we evaluate and analyze our multimedia query language through the comparison with other existing multimedia query languages. The evaluation results show that, GMQL has powerful expressiveness, and thus is much applicable for multimedia information retrieval. © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Wu, Z, Xu, G, Zhang, Y, Dolog, P & Lu, C 2012, 'An Improved Contextual Advertising Matching Approach based on Wikipedia Knowledge', The Computer Journal, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 277-292.
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The current boom of the Web is associated with the revenues originated from Web advertising. As one prevalent type of Web advertising, contextual advertising refers to the placement of the most relevant commercial textual ads within the content of a Web page, so as to provide a better user experience and thereby increase the revenues of Web site owners and an advertising platform. Therefore, in contextual advertising, the relevance of selected ads with a Web page is essential. However, some problems, such as homonymy and polysemy, low intersection of keywords and context mismatch, can lead to the selection of irrelevant textual ads for a Web page, making that a simple keyword matching technique generally gives poor accuracy. To overcome these problems and thus to improve the relevance of contextual ads, in this paper we propose a novel Wikipedia-based matching technique which, using selective matching strategies, selects a certain amount of relevant articles from Wikipedia as an intermediate semantic reference model for matching Web pages and textual ads. We call this technique SIWI: Selective Wikipedia Matching, which, instead of using the whole Wikipedia articles, only matches the most relevant articles for a page (or a textual ad), resulting in the effective improvement of the overall matching performance. An experimental evaluation is conducted, which runs over a set of real textual ads, a set of Web pages from the Internet and a dataset of more than 260 000 articles from Wikipedia. The experimental results show that our method performs better than existing matching strategies, which can deal with the matching over the large dataset of Wikipedia articles efficiently, and achieve a satisfactory contextual advertising effect. © 2011 The Author. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The British Computer Society. All rights reserved.

Wyeth, P & MacColl, I 2012, 'Noise detectives: design implications for mobile learning', International Journal of Arts and Technology, vol. 5, no. 2/3/4, pp. 177-177.
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Xia, X, Zhang, J & Cass, W 2012, 'Energy management of commercial buildings – A case study from a POET perspective of energy efficiency', Journal of Energy in Southern Africa, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 23-31.
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This paper aims at analyzing the energy management activities for commercial buildings of a financial service company in South Africa by energy efficiency in terms of performance, operation, equipment and technology (POET). The sustainability of a general energy management program is discussed within this POET framework. As an application of this discussion to the commercial building scenario, the award winning energy management program of this financial service group company is featured from the POET perspective of energy efficiency. The case study shows that the POET based framework can not only cover all major energy management activities, but also identify further energy efficiency improvement opportunities.

Xiao, J, Li, W & Poon, C 2012, 'Recent studies on mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete in China—A review', Science China Technological Sciences, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 1463-1480.
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Numerous experimental and theoretical studies on recycled aggregate concrete have been carried out in China in the past 10 years. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the related findings of research on the mechanical properties of RAC in China. The influences of the RCA on the strength and deformation characteristics of concrete, the statistical characteristics for the strength of RAC, fracture energy, stress-strain relationships under uniaxial compression, uniaxial tension as well as pure shear, and the residual strength of RAC after exposure to high temperatures, the bond between RAC and different kinds of steel rebar were also reviewed. Furthermore, some recent studies on the numerical simulation of the failure mechanism for RAC at the meso-structure level were discussed. © 2012 Science China Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Xiao, J, Li, W, Fan, Y & Huang, X 2012, 'An overview of study on recycled aggregate concrete in China (1996–2011)', Construction and Building Materials, vol. 31, pp. 364-383.
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A series of investigations on the mechanical property, durability, and the structural performance of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) have been carried out in the past 15 years (1996-2011) in China. The achievements of researches on recycled concrete are relatively sufficient to review and share with investigators from other countries. Some research progress of micro- and meso-structure of RAC is introduced in the first part of this paper. The second part of this paper is devoted to the mechanical properties of RAC material: strength, elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, stress-strain curve. The third part of the paper gives research on durability of RAC: carbonization, chloride penetration, shrinkage and creep. The last part presents a review on the structural performance of RAC elements and structures: beams, columns, slabs, beam-column joints, shear walls as well as frames made with RAC. Results of all researches reveal that with proper design and construction, it is safe and feasible to apply RAC as a structural material in civil engineering. Moreover, in this paper, the relevant research results of RAC obtained in China and from other countries are compared and discussed. This review provides helpful directions to those who are already engaged in this research, and points out areas which are needed to promote safe and economic use of RAC. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Xiao, J, Li, W, Sun, Z & Shah, SP 2012, 'Crack Propagation in Recycled Aggregate Concrete under Uniaxial Compressive Loading', ACI Materials Journal, vol. 109, no. 4, pp. 451-462.
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In this study, systematic experimental research was carried out to investigate the crack propagation of modeled recycled aggregate concrete (MRAC) and recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) under uniaxial compressive loading. A two-dimensional (2-D) nondestructive digital image correlation (DIC) technique was applied to record the initiation and propagation of surface microcracks. The obtained results indicated that the fracture process and crack pattern of MRAC were greatly affected by the relative strength of new mortar and old mortar. It was also found that the failure mode of RAC was related to the water-cement ratio (w/c) of the mixture. The bond cracks first appeared around the weak interfacial transition zones (ITZs) and then propagated into the mortar region by connecting with each other. The failure pattern of MRAC can provide insight into the influences of the mechanical properties of each phase on the failure mechanism of RAC. © 2012, American Concrete Institute. All rights reserved.

Xiao, X, Xu, C, Wang, J & Xu, M 2012, 'Enhanced 3-D Modeling for Landmark Image Classification', IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 1246-1258.
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Landmark image classification is a challenging task due to the various circumstances, e.g., illumination, viewpoint, zoom in/out and occlusion under which landmark images are taken. Most existing approaches utilize features extracted from the whole image including both landmark and non-landmark areas. However, non-landmark areas introduce redundant and noisy information. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to improve landmark image classification consisting of three steps. First, an attention-based 3-D reconstruction method is proposed to reconstruct sparse 3-D landmark models. Second, the sparse 3-D models are projected onto iconic images in order to identify images of the hot regions. For a landmark, hot regions are parts of a landmark which attract photographers' attention and are popularly captured in photos. These hot region images are later used to enhance reconstructed sparse 3-D models. Third, the landmark regions are obtained through mapping the enhanced 3-D models to landmark images. A k-dimensional tree (kd-tree) is then constructed for each landmark based on scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) features extracted from the landmark area to classify unlabeled images into pre-defined landmark categories. The proposed method is evaluated using 291661 images of 51 landmarks. Experiments of comparison indicate that our method outperforms bag-of-words (BoW) based approach 18.5% and method of spatial-pyramid-matching using sparse-coding (ScSPM) 8.4%. © 2012 IEEE.

Xie, M, Nghiem, LD, Price, WE & Elimelech, M 2012, 'Comparison of the removal of hydrophobic trace organic contaminants by forward osmosis and reverse osmosis', WATER RESEARCH, vol. 46, no. 8, pp. 2683-2692.
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Xie, M, Price, WE & Nghiem, LD 2012, 'Rejection of pharmaceutically active compounds by forward osmosis: Role of solution pH and membrane orientation', SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY, vol. 93, pp. 107-114.
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Xie, W-M, Ni, B-J, Li, W-W, Sheng, G-P, Yu, H-Q & Song, J 2012, 'Formation and quantification of soluble microbial products and N2O production by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB)-enriched activated sludge', Chemical Engineering Science, vol. 71, pp. 67-74.
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Xie, W-M, Ni, B-J, Seviour, T, Sheng, G-P & Yu, H-Q 2012, 'Characterization of autotrophic and heterotrophic soluble microbial product (SMP) fractions from activated sludge', Water Research, vol. 46, no. 19, pp. 6210-6217.
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Xing, W, Ngo, HH, Guo, WS, Listowski, A & Cullum, P 2012, 'Optimization of an integrated sponge - Granular activated carbon fluidized bed bioreactor as pretreatment to microfiltration in wastewater reuse', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 113, pp. 214-218.
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A specific integrated fluidized bed bioreactor (iFBBR) was optimized in terms of organic loading rate (OLR), hydraulic retention time (HRT) and frequency of new sustainable flocculant (NSBF) addition for primary treated sewage effluent (PTSE) treatment. It was observed that iFBBR achieved the best performance with the operating conditions of 4 times/day NSBF addition, HRT of 90 min and OLR of 8.64 kgCOD/day m3. The removal efficiencies were found to be more than 93% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), 61% of total nitrogen (T-N) and 60% of total phosphorus (T-P). iFBBR as pretreatment of submerged microfiltration (SMF) is successful in increasing the critical flux and reducing the membrane fouling. NSBF-iFBBR-SMF hybrid system led to very high organic removal efficiency with an average DOC removal of 97% from synthetic PTSE.

Xinwang Liu & Shui Yu 2012, 'On the Stress Function-Based OWA Determination Method With Optimization Criteria', IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics), vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 246-257.
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Xu, J, Wu, Q, Zhang, J & Tang, Z 2012, 'Fast and Accurate Human Detection Using a Cascade of Boosted MS-LBP Features', IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 19, no. 10, pp. 676-679.
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In this letter, a new scheme for generating local binary patterns (LBP) is presented. This Modified Symmetric LBP (MS-LBP) feature takes advantage of LBP and gradient features. It is then applied into a boosted cascade framework for human detection. By combining MS-LBP with Haar-like feature into the boosted framework, the performances of heterogeneous features based detectors are evaluated for the best trade-off between accuracy and speed. Two feature training schemes, namely Single AdaBoost Training Scheme (SATS) and Dual AdaBoost Training Scheme (DATS) are proposed and compared. On the top of AdaBoost, two multidimensional feature projection methods are described. A comprehensive experiment is presented. Apart from obtaining higher detection accuracy, the detection speed based on DATS is 17 times faster than HOG method. © 1994-2012 IEEE.

Xu, M, He, X, Peng, Y, Jin, JS, Luo, S, Chia, L-T & Hu, Y 2012, 'Content on demand video adaptation based on MPEG-21 digital item adaptation', EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, vol. 2012, no. 1, pp. 1-16.
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One of the major objectives in multimedia research is to provide pervasive access and personalized use of multimedia information. Pervasive access of video data implies the access of cognitive and affective aspects of video content. Personalized use requires the services satisfy individual user's needs on video content. This article attempts to provide a content-on-demand (CoD) video adaptation solution by considering users' preference on cognitive content and affective content for video media in general, sports video and movies in particular. In this article, CoD video adaptation system is developed to support users' decision in selecting their content of interest and adaptively deliver video source by selecting relevant content and dropping frames while considering network conditions. First, video contents are annotated by the description schemes (DSs) provided by MPEG-7 multimedia description schemes (MDSs). Then, to achieve a generic adaptation solution, the adaptation is developed following MPEG-21 Digital Item Adaptation (DIA) framework. We study the MPEG-21 reference software on XML generation and develop our own system for CoD video adaptation in three steps: (1) the content information is parsed from MPEG-7 annotation XML file together with bitstream to generate generic Bitstream Syntax Description (gBSD); (2) Users' preference, network characteristic and adaptation QoS (AQoS) are considered for making adaptation decision; (3) adaptation engine automatically parses adaptation decisions and gBSD to achieve adaptation. Unlike most existing adaptation work, the system adapts the content of interest in the video stream according to users' preference. We implement the above-mentioned MPEG-7 and MPEG-21 standards and provide a generic video adaptation solution. Adaptation based on gBSD avoids complex video computation. Thirty students from various departments were invited to assess the system and their responses have been positive. © 2012 Xu et al.

Xu, W, Lei, G, Wang, T, Yu, X, Zhu, J & Guo, Y 2012, 'Theoretical Research on New Laminated Structure Flux Switching Permanent Magnet Machine for Novel Topologic Plug-In Hybrid Electrical Vehicle', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 48, no. 11, pp. 4050-4053.
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In this paper, a novel configuration for University of Technology Sydney (UTS) plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is introduced which has only one electric machine functioning as either a motor or generator at a time. For continuous working, more strict requests are made to the drive machine, mainly including good thermal dissipation capability, high torque density, great flux weakening ability, etc. One new laminated structure flux switching permanent magnet machine (LSFSPMM) is proposed in this paper, which stator and rotor are laminated in parallel to the axis. It can make full use of PM flux linkage and reduce the core loss particularly in the high excitation frequency. Based on the 2D model prediction by finite element algorithm (FEA), LSFSPMM has lower cogging torque, higher torque density, greater flux weakening ability, higher efficiency, etc., and hence it can be regarded as one ideal candidate for the UTS PHEV drive system.

Xu, X, Yang, H & Liu, Y 2012, 'Self-assembled structures of CuO primary crystals synthesized from Cu(CH3COO)2–NaOH aqueous systems', CrystEngComm, vol. 14, no. 16, pp. 5289-5289.
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Xu, XX, Nie, FL, Wang, YB, Zhang, JX, Zheng, W, Li, L & Zheng, YF 2012, 'Effective inhibition of the early copper ion burst release with ultra-fine grained copper and single crystal copper for intrauterine device application', Acta Biomaterialia, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 886-896.
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Xu, Y & Lee, JE-Y 2012, 'Single-Device and On-Chip Feedthrough Cancellation for Hybrid MEMS Resonators', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 59, no. 12, pp. 4930-4937.
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Xu, Y, Merigó, JM & Wang, H 2012, 'Linguistic power aggregation operators and their application to multiple attribute group decision making', Applied Mathematical Modelling, vol. 36, no. 11, pp. 5427-5444.
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Yafi, E, Al-Hegami, AS, Alam, A & Biswas, R 2012, 'YAMI: Incremental mining of interesting association patterns', International Arab Journal of Information Technology, vol. 9, no. 6.
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Association rules are an important problem in data mining. Massively increasing volume of data in real life databases has motivated researchers to design novel and incremental algorithms for association rules mining. In this paper, we propose an incremental association rules mining algorithm that integrates shocking interestingness criterion during the process of building the model. A new interesting measure called shocking measure is introduced. One of the main features of the proposed approach is to capture the user background knowledge, which is monotonically augmented. The incremental model that reflects the changing data and the user beliefs is attractive in order to make the over all KDD process more effective and efficient. We implemented the proposed approach and experiment it with some public datasets and found the results quite promising.

Yang Liu, Fei Wu, Yi Yang, Yueting Zhuang & Hauptmann, AG 2012, 'Spline Regression Hashing for Fast Image Search', IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 21, no. 10, pp. 4480-4491.
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Yang, C, Sheng, D & Carter, JP 2012, 'Effect of hydraulic hysteresis on seepage analysis for unsaturated soils', Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 41, pp. 36-56.
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Yang, F, Coughlin, D, Phillips, P, Yang, L, Mills, MJ & Noebe, RD 2012, 'High Resolution Microscopy Analysis of a New Precipitate Phase in Ni-rich NiTiHf and NiPdTiHf High Temperature Shape Memory Alloys', Microscopy and Microanalysis, vol. 18, no. S2, pp. 366-367.
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Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.

Yang, L, Thomas, P & Stuart, B 2012, 'Discrimination of thermally treated low density polyethylenes using DSC and principal component analysis', Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, vol. 108, no. 2, pp. 445-448.
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The potential for differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) as a tool for the discrimination of forensic polymer specimens is investigated for a series of commercial low density polyethylene (LDPE) samples. Variation in the melting temperatures of 'as received' samples was found to be too small for its use in sample discrimination. The melting behaviour of thermally treated samples, quenched from the melt in liquid nitrogen followed by annealing at temperatures below the melting temperature, showed promise in discrimination potential. The application of principal component analysis to aid discrimination demonstrated the necessity in using a controlled thermal history to aid the discrimination process. The clustering of the LDPEs based on the factors selected demonstrated the potential of DSC for the discrimination of forensic LDPE samples.

Yang, L, Wang, J, Zhang, L, Hou, J, Yuan, X, Hu, S & Zheng, Z 2012, 'Preoperative high-sensitivity C-reactive protein predicts depression in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery: A single-center prospective observational study', The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, vol. 144, no. 2, pp. 500-505.
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Yang, S, Nguyen, ND, Eisman, JA & Nguyen, TV 2012, 'Association between beta-blockers and fracture risk: A Bayesian meta-analysis', Bone, vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 969-974.
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Background: The association between beta-blockers (BB) and fracture risk is controversial, due largely to conflicting findings from previous studies. The present study sought to evaluate the effect of BB on fracture risk by using a Bayesian meta-analysis approach. Methods and results: We systematically retrieved 13 observational studies on the association between BB use and fracture risk. This meta-analysis involved more than 907.000 men and women with mean/median age of individual studies ranging from 43 to 81 years. We used a hierarchical Bayesian random effects model to synthesize the results. BB use was associated with an average 17% reduction in the risk of any fracture (risk ratio [RR] 0.83: 95% credible interval [Crl]: 0.71-0.93), hip fracture (RR 0.83: 95% Crl: 0.70-0.92) and vertebral fracture (RR 0.81:95% Crl: 0.61-0.99). The probability that BB use reduces fracture risk by at least 10% was 0.91. Conclusions: Beta-blockers are associated with reduced risk of fracture in older adults, but the effect size is likely to be modest. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Yang, X, Tao, X, Cui, Q & Jay Guo, Y 2012, 'Interference-constrained adaptive simultaneous spectrum sensing and data transmission scheme for unslotted cognitive radio network', EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, vol. 2012, no. 1, pp. 1-12.
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Cognitive radio (CR) is widely recognized as a novel approach to improve the spectrum efficiency. However, there exists one problem needed to be resolved urgently, that is the two conflicting goals in CR network: one is to minimize the interference to primary (licensed) system; the other is to maximize the throughput of secondary (unlicensed) system. Meanwhile, the secondary user (SU) has to monitor the spectrum continuously to avoid the interference to primary user (PU), thus the throughput of the secondary system is affected by how often and how long the spectrum sensing is performed. Aiming to balance the two conflicting goals, this article proposes a novel Interference-Constrained Adaptive Simultaneous spectrum Sensing and data Transmission (ICASST) scheme for unslotted CR network, where SUs are not synchronized with PUs. In the ICASST scheme, taking advantage of the statistic information of PU’s activities, the data transmission time is adaptively adjusted to avoid the interference peculiar to unslotted CR network; the operation of spectrum sensing is moved to SU receiver from SU transmitter to increase the data transmission time and hence improve the throughput of SU. Simulation results validate the efficiency of ICASST scheme, which significantly increases the throughput of secondary system and decreases the interference to PU simultaneously. © 2012 Yang et al.

Yang, X, Tao, X, Guo, YJ, Huang, X & Cui, Q 2012, 'Subsampled circulant matrix based analogue compressed sensing', Electronics Letters, vol. 48, no. 13, pp. 767-767.
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The modulated wideband converter (MWC) is an attractive analogue compressed sensing technique proposed recently. Unfortunately, the MWC has high hardware complexity owing to its parallel structure. To reduce the complexity, proposed is a novel subsampled circulant matrix based analogue compressed sensing (SCM-ACS) scheme. Using the cyclic shifts of the Zadoff-Chu sequence, the SCM-ACS scheme reduces the number of physical parallel channels from m to 1 with larger processing time, where m ranges from several dozen to several hundred. It is proved that when m=O(r log 2 M log 3 r) the measurement matrix of the SCM-ACS scheme satisfies the restricted isometry property condition with probability 1-M -O(1), where M is the length of the Zadoff-Chu sequence, and r is the sparsity of the input signal. Simulation results show that the SCM-ACS scheme outperforms the MWC on recovery performance. © 2012 The Institution of Engineering and Technology.

Yang, X-S & Gandomi, AH 2012, 'Bat Algorithm: A Novel Approach for Global Engineering Optimization', Engineering Computations, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 483-483.
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Nature-inspired algorithms are among the most powerful algorithms foroptimization. In this study, a new nature-inspired metaheuristic optimizationalgorithm, called bat algorithm (BA), is introduced for solving engineeringoptimization tasks. The proposed BA is based on the echolocation behavior ofbats. After a detailed formulation and explanation of its implementation, BA isverified using eight nonlinear engineering optimization problems reported inthe specialized literature. BA has been carefully implemented and carried outoptimization for eight well-known optimization tasks. Then, a comparison hasbeen made between the proposed algorithm and other existing algorithms. Theoptimal solutions obtained by the proposed algorithm are better than the bestsolutions obtained by the existing methods. The unique search features used inBA are analyzed, and their implications for future research are also discussedin detail.

Yang, X-S & Gandomi, AH 2012, 'Bat algorithm: a novel approach for global engineering optimization', ENGINEERING COMPUTATIONS, vol. 29, no. 5-6, pp. 464-483.
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Yang, X-S, Sadat Hosseini, SS & Gandomi, AH 2012, 'Firefly Algorithm for solving non-convex economic dispatch problems with valve loading effect', Applied Soft Computing, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 1180-1186.
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Yang, Y, Roy, SM, Karmakar, NC & Zhu, X 2012, 'A NOVEL NARROW BANDPASS FILTER FOR IMAGE REJECTION AND CHANNEL SELECTION IN A WIRELESS SLEEP APNOEA MONITORING SYSTEM', Progress In Electromagnetics Research, vol. 125, pp. 483-501.
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A highly compact bandpass filter (BPF) is designed with a capacitively-coupled compact ring resonator. The ground plane is perturbed with a combination of two inter-digital and two spiral defected ground structures (DGSs), which enhance the selectivity and suppress the higher order harmonics of the BPF respectively. The filter has a selectivity of 0.22 dB/MHz, passband insertion loss (IL) of 1.55 dB and bandwidth of 61MHz at 2.53 GHz. The proposed compact ring resonator yields a size reduction of 70.5% compared to a conventional ring resonator. This BPF is significant for wireless telemetry monitoring systems for physiological parameters including electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) using portable devices.

Yang, Y, Wu, F, Nie, F, Shen, HT, Zhuang, Y & Hauptmann, AG 2012, 'Web and Personal Image Annotation by Mining Label Correlation With Relaxed Visual Graph Embedding', IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 1339-1351.
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Yang, Y, Zhu, X & Karmakar, NC 2012, 'A novel microstrip lowpass filter using compact microstrip resonant cells and uniquely shaped defected ground structures', Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 54, no. 11, pp. 2462-2464.
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AbstractA novel microstrip lowpass filter (LPF) with high selectivity and wide stopband is proposed in this letter.The proposed LPF consists of three compact microstrip resonant cells, two E‐shaped feed‐lines on the top layer and four defected ground structure (DGS) slots on the ground plane. The top layer LPF is designed to have a sharp roll‐off characteristic, whereas the engineered DGS slots on the ground plane are used to reduce the passband ripples and extend the stopband bandwidth of the proposed LPF. A selectivity of 53.4 dB/GHz is achieved. The stopband with an attenuation level of 20 dB is obtained from 2.96 to 13.2 GHz. The filter is optimally designed, fabricated, and measured. Both simulated and measured results are presented, which show a good agreement between simulation and measurement. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2462–2464, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27126

Yang, Y, Zhu, X & Karmakar, NC 2012, 'Compact microstrip lowpass filter for harmonics suppression using a new defected ground structure', Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 1385-1387.
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AbstractA compact microstrip lowpass filter (LPF) for harmonics suppression is proposed. An open stub LPF with uniquely shaped defect ground structure cells is used to optimize the LPF performance. A stopband attenuation of greater than 20 dB is obtained from 3.42 GHz to more than 18 GHz. The physical size of the proposed LPF, excluding transmission lines, is only 10 × 15 mm2. Good agreements between simulation and measurements are observed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1385–1387, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26809

Yang, Y, Zhu, X & Karmakar, NC 2012, 'Microstrip lowpass filter based on split ring and complementary split ring resonators', Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 54, no. 7, pp. 1723-1726.
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AbstractA novel split ring and complementary split ring resonator is proposed in this letter.The proposed resonator can generate two notches without increasing the physical size. A microstrip lowpass filter (LPF) is designed based on the proposed resonator. The cutoff frequency of the designed LPF is 3.7 GHz and the stopband with an attenuation level lower than −20 dB is obtained from 3.9 to 7.5 GHz. The selectivity is calculated to be 85 dB/GHz. The physical size of the LPF with transmission lines is 29 × 6 mm2. A good agreement between simulated and measured results is achieved. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1723–1726, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26887

Ye, D, Zhang, M & Sutanto, D 2012, 'Self-organization in an agent network: A mechanism and a potential application', Decision Support Systems, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 406-417.
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Ye, X, Chen, Y, Zhang, J & Xia, X 2012, 'Effects of trends and seasonalities on robustness of the Hurst parameter estimators', IET Signal Processing, vol. 6, no. 9, pp. 849-856.
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Yeh, WC, Cao, L & Jin, JS 2012, 'A cellular automata hybrid quasi-random Monte Carlo simulation for estimating the one-to-all reliability of acyclic multi-state information networks', International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information and Control, vol. 8, no. 3 B, pp. 2001-2014.
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Many real-world systems (such as cellular telephones and transportation) are acyclic multi-state information networks (AMIN). These networks are composed of multi-state nodes, with different states determined by a set of nodes that receive a signal directly from these multi-state nodes, without satisfying the conservation law. Evaluating the AMIN reliability arises at the design and exploitation stage of many types of technical systems. However, existing analytical methods fail to estimate AMIN reliability in a realistic time frame, even for smaller-sized AMINs. Hence, the main purpose of this article is to present a cellular automata hybrid quasi-Monte Carlo simulation (CA-HMC) by combining cellular automata (CA, to rapidly determine network states), pseudo-random sequences (PRS, to obtain the exibility of the network) and quasi-random sequences (QRS, to improve the accuracy) to obtain a high-quality estimation of AMIN reliability in order to improve the calculation efficiency. We use one benchmark example from well-known algorithms in literature to show the utility and performance of the proposed CA-HMC simulation when evaluating the one-to-all AMIN reliability. © 2012 ISSN 1349-4198.

Yi Yang, Feiping Nie, Dong Xu, Jiebo Luo, Yueting Zhuang & Yunhe Pan 2012, 'A Multimedia Retrieval Framework Based on Semi-Supervised Ranking and Relevance Feedback', IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 723-742.
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Yi Yang, Hallman, S, Ramanan, D & Fowlkes, CC 2012, 'Layered Object Models for Image Segmentation', IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 34, no. 9, pp. 1731-1743.
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Yisgedu, TB, Huang, Z, Chen, X, Lingam, HK, King, G, Highley, A, Maharrey, S, Woodward, PM, Behrens, R, Shore, SG & Zhao, J-C 2012, 'The structural characterization of (NH4)2B10H10 and thermal decomposition studies of (NH4)2B10H10 and (NH4)2B12H12', International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 4267-4273.
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YOSHIZAWA, S & MIYANAGA, Y 2012, 'Design of Area- and Power-Efficient Pipeline FFT Processors for 8x8 MIMO-OFDM Systems', IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences, vol. E95-A, no. 2, pp. 550-558.
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Youssef, AM, Pradhan, B, Sabtan, AA & El-Harbi, HM 2012, 'Coupling of remote sensing data aided with field investigations for geological hazards assessment in Jazan area, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia', Environmental Earth Sciences, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 119-130.
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Yu, K & Dutkiewicz, E 2012, 'Correction to “Geometry and Motion-Based Positioning Algorithms for Mobile Tracking in NLOS Environments”', IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 704-704.
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Yu, N 2012, 'Multi-partite $W-$type state is determined by its single particle reduced density matrices', Phys. Rev. A, vol. 87, no. 5, pp. 052310-3.
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In this short note, we show that multi-partite $W$-type state is up to localunitaries uniquely determined by its reduced density matrices.

Yu, N, Duan, R & Ying, M 2012, 'Four Locally Indistinguishable Ququad-Ququad Orthogonal Maximally Entangled States', PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, vol. 109, no. 2, pp. 020506-020506.
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We explicitly exhibit a set of four ququad-ququad orthogonal maximally entangled states that cannot be perfectly distinguished by means of local operations and classical communication. Before our work, it was unknown whether there is a set of d locally indistinguishable d - d orthogonal maximally entangled states for some positive integer d. We further show that a 2 - 2 maximally entangled state can be used to locally distinguish this set of states without being consumed, thus demonstrate a novel phenomenon of entanglement discrimination catalysis. Based on this set of states, we construct a new set K consisting of four locally indistinguishable states such that K -m (with 4m members) is locally distinguishable for some m greater than one. As an immediate application, we construct a noisy quantum channel with one sender and two receivers whose local zero-error classical capacity can achieve the full dimension of the input space but only with a multi-shot protocol. © 2012 American Physical Society.

Yu, S 2012, 'Editorial', International Journal of Security and Networks, vol. 7, no. 4, p. 195.

Yu, S, Zhao, G, Dou, W & James, S 2012, 'Predicted Packet Padding for Anonymous Web Browsing Against Traffic Analysis Attacks', IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 1381-1393.
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Yu, S, Zhou, W, Jia, W & Hu, J 2012, 'Attacking Anonymous Web Browsing at Local Area Networks Through Browsing Dynamics', The Computer Journal, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 410-421.
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Yu, S, Zhou, W, Jia, W, Guo, S, Xiang, Y & Tang, F 2012, 'Discriminating DDoS Attacks from Flash Crowds Using Flow Correlation Coefficient', IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 1073-1080.
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Yu, X, Jiang, Z, Wei, D, Wang, X & Yang, Q 2012, 'Modelling of Temperature-Dependent Growth Kinetics of Oxide Scale on Hot-Rolled Steel Strip', Advanced Science Letters, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 219-223.
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A numerical simulation, developed to predict the temperature distribution and calculate the growth rate of the oxide scale formed on the microalloyed low carbon steel during the laminar cooling of hot strip rolling, was conducted by two-dimensional finite element method. The model takes into account the different thermophysical properties of the multilayered oxide scales and the film boundary conditions for the water jet impingement zone and the stable film boiling zone through the run-out table. Complied with the parabolic growth of the oxide layers and the distribution of the oxide phase, it is found that the present of wustite (FeO) results in a significant increase of the oxidation rate. However, the parabolic rate constant for the simultaneous growth of the two outer layers of magnetite (Fe 3O 4) and hematite (Fe 2O 3) reduce rapidly compared to that of three-layer oxide scale. The growth rates and temperature gradients predicted by the model can be employed to elucidate the formation mechanism of oxide scales, as well as to analyse oxide scale failure. © 2012 American Scientific Publishers. All rights reserved.

Yu, XL, Jiang, ZY, Wang, XD, Wei, DB & Yang, Q 2012, 'Effect of Coiling Temperature on Oxide Scale of Hot-Rolled Strip', Advanced Materials Research, vol. 415-417, pp. 853-858.
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The influence of the coiling temperature, ranging from 550 to 570°C, on the morphology and the phase composition of the oxide scale formed on the microalloyed low carbon steel for automobiles after hot strip rolling was investigated. Physicochemical characteristics of the oxide scales were examined and their formation mechanism was discussed. Thickness of the oxide scale is in the range of 8-11µm and decreases with a decrease of coiling temperature. The microstructure and phase composition, XRD analysis shows a large amount of magnetite (Fe3O4) and some sparse hematite (Fe2O3) exist on the surface of hot rolled strip when the coiling temperature reduces from 570 to 550°C. The coiling temperature substantially affects the internal microstructure and magnetite phase.

Yu, XL, Jiang, ZY, Yang, DJ, Wei, DB & Yang, Q 2012, 'Precipitation Behavior of Magnetite in Oxide Scale during Cooling of Microalloyed Low Carbon Steel', Advanced Materials Research, vol. 572, pp. 249-254.
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Precipitation behavior of magnetite particles in the thermal grown oxide scale during isothermal cooling of microalloyed low carbon steel was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thin film X-ray. The oxide scale was generated from Gleeble 3500 Thermal Mechanical Simulator connected with a humid air generator, to simulate 550 and 450C isothermal treatments. Several types of magnetite precipitates were observed during different cooling processes with respect to the possible mechanisms of precipitation have been discussed. It is found that magnetite particles is as a result of pro-eutectoid precipitation from oxygen-rich wustite, and also as a product of the partial decomposition of wustite during the cooling process due to change of oxygen concentration and migration of iron ions. Furthermore, microalloyed elements in steel reduce the stability of wustite thereby facilitate the precipitation process, whose products of multi-phase oxide finally determine the adhesive strength of oxide scale and steel substrate.

Yu, XL, Wei, DB, Wang, XD & Jiang, ZY 2012, 'Experimental Study on Adhesion of Oxide Scale on Hot-Rolled Steel Strip', Advanced Materials Research, vol. 472-475, pp. 622-625.
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An experimental method was developed to study the adherence properties of the oxide scale formed on microalloyed low carbon steel after hot strip rolling. The evolution of the oxide scale during laminar cooling was investigated using Gleeble 3500 Thermal-Mechanical Simulator connected with a humid air generator. After the sample cooled down to ambient temperature, the oxide scale was protected by lacquer to prevent the scale from losing. Physicochemical characteristics of the oxide scale were examined and the adherence mechanism was discussed. Decomposed wustite a mixture of α-iron and magnetite (Fe3O4), can substantially improve the integrity of oxide scale. However, large quantities of hematite (Fe2O3) or retained wustite (FeO) were found detrimental to the adhesion of the oxide scale. It is found that the adherence of oxide scales significantly depends on the phase composition of oxide scales with different thickness.

Yu, Y & Zong, G 2012, 'Note: Ultrasonic liquid flow meter for small pipes', Review of Scientific Instruments, vol. 83, no. 2, pp. 026107-026107.
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An ultrasonic flow meter for small pipes is presented. For metal pipe diameter smaller than 10 mm, clamp-on ultrasonic contrapropagation flow meters may encounter difficulties if cross talk or the short acoustic path contributes to large uncertainty in transit time measurement. Axial inline flow meters can avoid these problems, but they may introduce other problems if the transducer port is not properly positioned. Three types of pipe connecting tees are compared using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. CFD shows the 45° tee has more uniform velocity distribution over the measuring section. A prototype flow meter using the 45° tee was designed and tested. The zero flow experiment shows the flow meter has a maximum of 0.002 m/s shift over 24 h. The flow meter is calibrated by only 1 meter factor. After calibration, inaccuracy lower than 0.1% of reading was achieved in the laboratory, for a measuring range from 15 to 150 g/s (0.29 to 2.99 m/s; Re = 2688 to 26 876).

Yu, Y, Wu, Y, Feng, R & Wan, J 2012, 'A hierarchical data fusion method for detection of the leak of gas pipelines based on wireless sensor network', Gaojishu Tongxin/Chinese High Technology Letters, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 1-7.
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To improve the accuracy and reliability of the leak monitoring of gas pipelines by using wireless sensor networks(WSN), this paper puts forward a hierarchical data fusion algorithm based on the combination of the wavelet support vector machine (SVM) method and the evidence theory. The algorithm is described below. In the signal level fusion, the noise elimination for primitive signals is conducted using the wavelet transform technology, and leak characteristic parameters are totally extracted as well. In the attribute fusion, a multi-classifier model based on SVM is constructed, and characteristic parameters as input vectors are sent to the multi-classifier for initial recognition. In the decision level fusion, the evidence combination is accomplished using the improved evidence combination methods at the sink node for final decision making. The experimental results show that the approach could improve the precision of the leak location detection and reduce the undetected rate as well as the false alarm rate.

Yu, Y, Wu, Y, Yu, N, Feng, R & Wan, J 2012, 'Research on node deployment based on optimal network lifetime in pipeline monitoring sensor networks', Yi Qi Yi Biao Xue Bao/Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 20-28.
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This paper puts forward a sort of optimal node deployment scheme of pipeline monitoring sensor networks to lower the network node energy consumption and prolong network lifetime. Network cost-lifetime is adopted as the optimization objective. The relationship among network size, node spacing and data transmission structure is intensively analyzed. And a mathematical model of network deployment optimization problem is set up, which is solved using hybrid genetic algorithm. The algorithm amends the infeasible solution with external function method. In the meantime, the simulated annealing operator is used in the algorithm to enhance the searching capability. Theoretical analysis and experiment result show that compared with existing node deployment schemes, the new scheme not only reduces node energy consumption and balances network load, but also benefits network lifetime.

Yue, XD, Miao, DQ, Zhang, N, Cao, LB & Wu, Q 2012, 'Multiscale roughness measure for color image segmentation', Information Sciences, vol. 216, pp. 93-112.
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Color image segmentation is always an important technique in image processing system. Highly precise segmentation with low computation complexity can be achieved through roughness measurement which approximate the color histogram based on rough set theory. However, due to the imprecise description of neighborhood similarity, the existing roughness measure tends to over-focus on the trivial homogeneous regions but is not accurate enough to measure the color homogeneity. This paper aims to construct a multiscale roughness measure through simulating the human vision. We apply the theories of linear scale-space and rough sets to generate the hierarchical roughness of color distribution under multiple scales. This multiscale roughness can tolerate the disturbance of trivial regions and also can provide the multilevel homogeneity representation in vision, which therefore produces precise and intuitive segmentation results. Furthermore, we propose roughness entropy for scale selection. The optimal scale for segmentation is decided by the entropy variation. The proposed method shows the encouraging performance in the experiments based on Berkeley segmentation database. © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Yunusa, IAM, Loganathan, P, Nissanka, SP, Manoharan, V, Burchett, MD, Skilbeck, CG & Eamus, D 2012, 'Application of Coal Fly Ash in Agriculture: A Strategic Perspective', CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 559-600.
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Copyright © 2012 Crown copyright. Fly ash is a major waste of coal-power generation and its management is a major environmental and economic challenge, and it will become even more critical with a projected increase in the reliance on coal for power generation. The authors discuss how the unique physicochemical properties of ash can be strategically employed to ameliorate acidity and sodicity, and physical and fertility constraints, in agricultural soils. They show that with careful selection of ash type and methods and rates of application, mutually compatible with the soil and crop type, the often reported phytotoxicity due to high concentrations of certain trace metals can be avoided while maintaining the quality of produce and minimizing risk to the environment. Specific examples are presented to demonstrate where it is economical to use fly ash as a low-cost alternative to certain fertilizers and liming materials on farms. The authors also propose criteria for the selection of ash and for regulatory parameters that would ensure the safe and routine utilization of ash in plant production systems.

Yuwono, M, Moulton, BD, Su, SW, Celler, BG & Nguyen, HT 2012, 'Unsupervised machine-learning method for improving the performance of ambulatory fall-detection systems', BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING ONLINE, vol. 11, pp. 1-11.
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Background: Falls can cause trauma, disability and death among older people. Ambulatory accelerometer devices are currently capable of detecting falls in a controlled environment. However, research suggests that most current approaches can tend to have insufficient sensitivity and specificity in non-laboratory environments, in part because impacts can be experienced as part of ordinary daily living activities. Method: We used a waist-worn wireless tri-axial accelerometer combined with digital signal processing, clustering and neural network classifiers. The method includes the application of Discrete Wavelet Transform, Regrouping Particle Swarm Optimization, Gaussian Distribution of Clustered Knowledge and an ensemble of classifiers including a multilayer perceptron and Augmented Radial Basis Function (ARBF) neural networks. Results: Preliminary testing with 8 healthy individuals in a home environment yields 98.6% sensitivity to falls and 99.6% specificity for routine Activities of Daily Living (ADL) data. Single ARB and MLP classifiers were compared with a combined classifier. The combined classifier offers the greatest sensitivity, with a slight reduction in specificity for routine ADL and an increased specificity for exercise activities. In preliminary tests, the approach achieves 100% sensitivity on in-group falls, 97.65% on out-group falls, 99.33% specificity on routine ADL, and 96.59% specificity on exercise ADL. Conclusion: The pre-processing and feature-extraction steps appear to simplify the signal while successfully extracting the essential features that are required to characterize a fall. The results suggest this combination of classifiers can perform better than MLP alone. Preliminary testing suggests these methods may be useful for researchers who are attempting to improve the performance of ambulatory fall detection systems.

Zargari, SA, Siabil, SZ, Alavi, AH & Gandomi, AH 2012, 'A computational intelligence‐based approach for short‐term traffic flow prediction', Expert Systems, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 124-142.
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AbstractThis paper proposes alternative approaches for the prediction of short‐term traffic flow using three branches of computational intelligence techniques, namely linear genetic programming (LGP), multilayer perceptron (MLP) and fuzzy logic (FL). Different LGP, MLP and FL models are developed for estimating the 5‐ and 30‐min traffic flow rates. New LGP‐ and MLP‐based prediction equations are derived for the traffic flow rates in the 5‐ and 30‐min time intervals. The models are established upon extensive databases of the traffic flow records obtained from Iran's Rasht‐Qazvin highway. The results indicate that the proposed models are effectively capable of predicting the target values. The LGP‐based models are found to be simple, straightforward and more practical for predictive purposes compared with the other derived models.

Zha, Z-J, Wang, M, Zheng, Y-T, Yang, Y, Hong, R & Chua, T-S 2012, 'Interactive Video Indexing With Statistical Active Learning', IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 17-27.
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Zhai, X, Zhong, Z & Stewart, MG 2012, 'Model Error and Structural Reliability for Reinforced Concrete Block Masonry Walls in Shear', Advances in Structural Engineering, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 389-398.
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The present paper develops a probabilistic model to calculate the structural reliability of typical reinforced grouted concrete block masonry walls designed to Chinese standards, loaded in horizontal shear. The statistical parameters for model error used for the structural reliability analysis are obtained from a database of wall test data from China. The effect of probability distribution of model error, the compressive strength for grouted concrete block masonry, live load type, load effect ratio, reinforcement ratio, wall length, wall size or strength discretization, vertical compressive load and ratio of shear span to depth were considered when calculating the structural reliability of reinforced masonry walls in shear. The structural reliability for reinforced concrete block masonry walls in shear is sensitive to the probability distribution of model error. The recommended lognormal distribution of model error based on test data provided a high reliability index, and when using Gamma and Gumbel distributions for typical structures the existing (design) safety levels were also found to exceed the target reliability of 3.7, whereas the safety levels were less than the target reliability using Normal and Weibull distributions of model error.

Zhang, AW, Jiao, SH, Jiang, ZY & Wei, DB 2012, 'Bubble Structures, Fishscaling Resistance and Adhesion of Vitreous Enamel to Low Carbon Steel', Advanced Materials Research, vol. 409, pp. 736-742.
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The bubble structures, fishscaling resistance, adhesion and its mechanism of vitreous enamel to low carbon steels were evaluated by microscopic methods. The results show that the microalloying elements deteriorates the adhesion but suppress the fishscaling tendency, the enamel-steel interface adhesion could be explained as mainly the mechanical interlocking and chemical bonding during the firing process; the lower carbon substrate causes higher proportion of bigger bubbles in the enamel layer and subsequently causes the lower fishscaling susceptibility.

Zhang, C, Hao, H, Tarasov, B & Zhu, X 2012, 'Some special phenomena and preliminary interpretations about measured strain signals from high-speed impact tests', International Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 3, no. 1/2, pp. 48-48.
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During the last several decades, considerable efforts have been devoted to high-speed impact tests to investigate dynamic properties of materials, such as metal, alloy, ceramic, polymer, rock, concrete, brick, mortar etc. The purpose of impact or shock test is to study the crash-relevant or blast-relevant behaviour of engineering materials under high strain rates. According to different test purposes, sometimes the strain rate could be extremely high, i.e., up to 10,000 unit strain per second. In the School of Civil and Resource Engineering at the University of Western Australia, some impact tests on steel material and concrete material have been carried out recently, to calibrate the impact loading ability of an innovative blast simulator device. From the test results, some special phenomena about measured strain signals were observed and reported, which may have an unavoidable influence on properly describing material dynamic properties. In order to avoid misleading the consequent analysis on acquiring the genuine dynamic behaviour of material or specimen from high-speed impact tests, some important factors, from the point view of experimental technique are discussed in the current paper. Copyright © 2012 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Zhang, G & Heusdens, R 2012, 'Linear Coordinate-Descent Message Passing for Quadratic Optimization', Neural Computation, vol. 24, no. 12, pp. 3340-3370.
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In this letter, we propose a new message-passing algorithm for quadratic optimization. The design of the new algorithm is based on linear coordinate descent between neighboring nodes. The updating messages are in a form of linear functions as compared to the min-sum algorithm of which the messages are in a form of quadratic functions. As a result, the linear coordinate-descent (LiCD) algorithm transmits only one parameter per message as opposed to the min-sum algorithm, which transmits two parameters per message. We show that when the quadratic matrix is walk-summable, the LiCD algorithm converges. By taking the LiCD algorithm as a subroutine, we also fix the convergence issue for a general quadratic matrix. The LiCD algorithm works in either a synchronous or asynchronous message-passing manner. Experimental results show that for a general graph with multiple cycles, the LiCD algorithm has comparable convergence speed to the min-sum algorithm, thereby reducing the number of parameters to be transmitted and the computational complexity.

Zhang, G, Klejsa, J & Kleijn, WB 2012, 'Optimal Index Assignment for Multiple Description Scalar Quantization With Translated Lattice Codebooks', IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 60, no. 8, pp. 4444-4451.
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Zhang, G, Xu, Y & Li, T 2012, 'A special issue on new trends in Intelligent Decision Support Systems', Knowledge-Based Systems, vol. 32, pp. 1-2.
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Zhang, G, Yang, Y & Chen, J 2012, 'A historical probability based noise generation strategy for privacy protection in cloud computing', Journal of Computer and System Sciences, vol. 78, no. 5, pp. 1374-1381.
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Cloud computing promises an open environment where customers can deploy IT services in pay-as-you-go fashion while saving huge capital investment in their own IT infrastructure. Due to the openness, various malicious service providers can exist. Such ser

Zhang, H, Xia, X & Zhang, J 2012, 'Optimal sizing and operation of pumping systems to achieve energy efficiency and load shifting', Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 86, pp. 41-50.
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Zhang, J, Li, N, Yang, Q & Hu, C 2012, 'Self-adaptive chaotic differential evolution algorithm for solving constrained circular packing problem', Journal of Computational Information Systems, vol. 8, no. 18, pp. 7747-7755.
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Circles packing into a circular container with equilibrium constraint is a NP hard layout optimization problem. It has a broad application in engineering. This paper studies a two-dimensional constrained packing problem. Classical differential evolution for solving this problem is easy to fall into local optima. An adaptive chaotic differential evolution algorithm is proposed to improve the performance in this paper. The weighting parameters are dynamically adjusted by chaotic mutation in the searching procedure. The penalty factors of the fitness function are modified during iteration. To keep the diversity of the population, we limit the population's concentration. To enhance the local search capability, we adopt adaptive mutation of the global optimal individual. The improved algorithm can maintain the basic algorithm's structure as well as extend the searching scales, and can hold the diversity of population as well as increase the searching accuracy. Furthermore, our improved algorithm can escape from premature and speed up the convergence. Numerical examples indicate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm. © 2012 Binary Information Press.

Zhang, J, Wang, S, Qiu, J, Li, H, Zhang, Q, Zhu, JG & Guo, Y 2012, 'Finite Element Analysis and Evaluation of Stator Insulation in High Voltage Synchronous Motor', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 955-958.
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In this paper, two-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) is used to compute the electric field in stator slot of a synchronous motor. The electrical insulation between the conductors and the edges of slot is evaluated. The relationship between size o

Zhang, JA & Huang, X 2012, 'Autocorrelation Based Coarse Timing with Differential Normalization', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 526-530.
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Two novel differential normalization factors, depending on the severity of carrier frequency offset, are proposed for autocorrelation based coarse timing scheme. Compared with the conventional normalization factor based on signal energy, they improve the robustness of the timing metric to signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), improve the mainlobe sharpness of the timing metric and reduce both missed detection and false alarm probabilities. © 2012 IEEE.

Zhang, JA, Huang, X & Suzuki, H 2012, 'Phase-Shifted Interpolation for Complex Signals', IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 16, no. 9, pp. 1466-1469.
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This letter proposes simple algorithms for computing a phase shift term, which is introduced to greatly improve the accuracy of complex signal interpolation, applicable to any interpolator. Based on a cost function targeting at minimizing the phase transition between adjacent samples, the phase shift term can be easily computed using either signal statistics obtained in advance or known base samples in real time. Simulation results, exemplified for channel interpolation in OFDM systems, show that the proposed phase estimators can significantly improve the interpolation performance for various interpolators such as spline, low-pass filter, and linear and cubic polynomial interpolators, compared to the case without phase shifting. © 2012 IEEE.

Zhang, JA, Huang, X, Cantoni, A & Guo, YJ 2012, 'Sidelobe Suppression with Orthogonal Projection for Multicarrier Systems', IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 589-599.
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Sidelobe suppression, or out-of-band emission reduction, in multicarrier systems is conventionally achieved via time-domain windowing which is spectrum inefficient. Although some sidelobe cancellation and signal predistortion techniques have been proposed for spectrum shaping, they are generally not well balanced between complexity and suppression performance. In this paper, an efficient and low-complexity sidelobe suppression with orthogonal projection (SSOP) scheme is proposed. The SSOP scheme uses an orthogonal projection matrix for sidelobe suppression, and adopts as few as one reserved subcarrier for recovering the distorted signal in the receiver. Unlike most known approaches, the SSOP scheme requires multiplications as few as the number of subcarriers in the band, and enables straightforward selection of parameters. Analytical and simulation results show that more than 50dB sidelobe suppression can be readily achieved with only a slight degradation in receiver performance. © 2012 IEEE.

Zhang, Q, Jiang, Z & Wei, D 2012, 'Adhesion at oxide layer/substrate interface during sliding wear', International Journal of Surface Science and Engineering, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 270-270.
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Protective oxide film plays an indispensable role in reducing wear during metal-metal sliding contact, and its adherence to the substrate and stability is a major issue. This review examines some prevalent views proposed in literature on the adhesion between protective oxide layer formed during sliding wear and the steels and cast irons substrate under unlubricated condition. Attempt has been made to correlate some of them to be more connected and take them into account in a broader sliding condition in some sections in this review. Although this review is more relevant to the steels and cast irons as the tested materials during unlubricated unidirectional sliding, other alloys such as aluminium and Ni-based alloys would be hopefully to some extent associated.

Zhang, Q, Jiang, ZY, Xie, GL, Wei, DB & Han, JT 2012, 'Study on Microstructure and Friction of Bimetal 1.5Cr4.8Ni with Cast Iron and Low Carbon Steel', Advanced Materials Research, vol. 565, pp. 650-655.
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A cast iron/low carbon steel sandwich-structured bimetal fabricated through composite casting, followed by hot rolling and hot compression (40% reduction) in a vacuum, and water quenched using Gleeble 3500 thermomechanical simulator. The microstructure of a predominantly martensitic structure is transferred to a matrix with an amount of austenite. The measured results show that the macro-hardness is significantly lower due to the evolution of matrix. A considerable amount of secondary carbides were precipitated from the matrix. This study also shows that a significant difference in the value of coefficient of friction (COF) at the end when hot rolling (HR) was tested under three sets of sliding wear conditions, while those for hot rolling and heat treatment (HT) tends to be merged. An increased wear resistance of interfacial zone is expectable.

Zhang, R, Castel, A & François, R 2012, 'Concrete cracking due to chloride-induced reinforcement corrosion – influence of steel–concrete interface defects due to the ‘top-bar effect’', European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, vol. 16, no. 3-4, pp. 402-413.
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Zhang, T, Zhang, G, Lu, J, Feng, X & Yang, W 2012, 'A New Index and Classification Approach for Load Pattern Analysis of Large Electricity Customers', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 153-160.
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Conducting load pattern analysis is an important task in obtaining typical load profiles (TLPs) of customers and grouping them into classes according to their load characteristics. When using clustering techniques to obtain the load patterns of electrici

Zhang, W, Lin, X, Zhang, Y, Cheema, MA & Zhang, Q 2012, 'Stochastic skylines', ACM Transactions on Database Systems, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 1-34.
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In many applications involving multiple criteria optimal decision making, users may often want to make a personal trade-off among all optimal solutions for selecting one object that fits best their personal needs. As a key feature, the skyline in a multidimensional space provides the minimum set of candidates for such purposes by removing all points not preferred by any (monotonic) utility/scoring functions; that is, the skyline removes all objects not preferred by any user no matter how their preferences vary. Driven by many recent applications with uncertain data, the probabilistic skyline model is proposed to retrieve uncertain objects based on skyline probabilities. Nevertheless, skyline probabilities cannot capture the preferences of monotonic utility functions. Motivated by this, in this article we propose a novel skyline operator, namely stochastic skylines. In the light of the expected utility principle, stochastic skylines guarantee to provide the minimum set of candidates to optimal solutions over a family of utility functions. We first propose the lskyline operator based on the lower orthant orders . lskyline guarantees to provide the minimum set of candidates to the optimal solutions for the family of monotonic multiplicative utility functions. While lskyline works very effectively for the family of multiplicative functions, it may miss optimal solutions for other utility /scoring functions (e.g., linear functions). To resolve this, we also propose a general stochastic skyline operator, gskyline , based on the usual orders . gskyline provides the minimum candidate set to the optimal solutions for all monotonic functions. For the first time regarding the existing literature, we investigate the complexities of determining ...

Zhang, Y, Chen, W, Su, SW & Celler, B 2012, 'Nonlinear modelling and control for heart rate response to exercise', International Journal of Bioinformatics Research and Applications, vol. 8, no. 5/6, pp. 397-397.
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In order to accurately regulate cardiovascular response to exercise for individual exerciser, this study proposes a modelling and control integrated approach based on ε-insensitive Support Vector Regression (SVR) and switching control strategy. Firstly, a control oriented modelling approach is proposed to depict nonlinear behaviours of cardiovascular response at both onset and offset of treadmill exercises by using support vector machine regression. Then, based on the established nonlinear time-variant model, a novel switching Model Predictive Control (MPC) algorithm has been proposed for the optimisation of exercise efforts. The designed controller can take into account both coefficient drifting and parameter jump by embedding the identified model coefficient into the optimiser and adopting switching strategy during the transfer between onset and offset of exercises. The effectiveness of the proposed modelling and control approach was shown from the regulation of dynamical heart rate response to exercise through simulation using MATLAB.

Zhang, Y, Lin, X, Tao, Y, Zhang, W & Wang, H 2012, 'Efficient Computation of Range Aggregates against Uncertain Location-Based Queries', IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 1244-1258.
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In many applications, including location-based services, queries may not be precise. In this paper, we study the problem of efficiently computing range aggregates in a multidimensional space when the query location is uncertain. Specifically, for a query point Q whose location is uncertain and a set S of points in a multidimensional space, we want to calculate the aggregate (e.g., count, average and sum) over the subset S′ of S such that for each p ∈ S′, Q has at least probability θ within the distance \gamma to p. We propose novel, efficient techniques to solve the problem following the filtering-and-verification paradigm. In particular, two novel filtering techniques are proposed to effectively and efficiently remove data points from verification. Our comprehensive experiments based on both real and synthetic data demonstrate the efficiency and scalability of our techniques. © 2012 IEEE.

Zhang, Y, Miyanaga, Y & Siriteanu, C 2012, 'Robust Speech Recognition with Dynamic Time Warping and Nonlinear Median Filter', Journal of Signal Processing, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 147-157.
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Zhang, Y, Wei, D & Jiang, Z 2012, 'Solidification During Vertical Twin-Roll Casting of Magnesium Alloy', Advanced Science Letters, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 101-105.
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The process of vertical twin-roll casting including pouring, solidifying, rolling and cooling can be accomplished in a very short time. Some important process parameters in roll casting that are not difficult to be obtained in experiment may be acquired using numerical simulation. In this paper, a numerical simulation based on a 2D finite element model of vertical twin-roll strip casting coupling temperature, flow and thermal stress has been conducted. The influences of key process parameters including pouring temperature and casting speed have been studied. The distribution of thermal stress was obtained, and its effect on cracks on the surface of the strip was discussed. © 2012 American Scientific Publishers. All rights reserved.

Zhang, Z, Cheng, J, Li, J, Bian, W & Tao, D 2012, 'Segment-Based Features for Time Series Classification.', Comput. J., vol. 55, no. 9, pp. 1088-1102.
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In this paper, we propose an approach termed segment-based features (SBFs) to classify time series. The approach is inspired by the success of the component- or part-based methods of object recognition in computer vision, in which a visual object is described as a number of characteristic parts and the relations among the parts. Utilizing this idea in the problem of time series classification, a time series is represented as a set of segments and the corresponding temporal relations. First, a number of interest segments are extracted by interest point detection with automatic scale selection. Then, a number of feature prototypes are collected by random sampling from the segment set, where each feature prototype may include single segment or multiple ordered segments. Subsequently, each time series is transformed to a standard feature vector, i.e. SBF, where each entry in the SBF is calculated as the maximum response (maximum similarity) of the corresponding feature prototype to the segment set of the time series. Based on the original SBF, an incremental feature selection algorithm is conducted to form a compact and discriminative feature representation. Finally, a multi-class support vector machine is trained to classify the test time series. Extensive experiments on different time series datasets, including one synthetic control dataset, two sign language datasets and one gait dynamics dataset, have been performed to evaluate the proposed SBF method. Compared with other state-of-the-art methods, our approach achieves superior classification performance, which clearly validates the advantages of the proposed method. © 2011 The Author. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The British Computer Society. All rights reserved.

Zhao, L, Hoi, SCH, Wong, L, Hamp, T & Li, J 2012, 'Structural and Functional Analysis of Multi-Interface Domains', PLoS ONE, vol. 7, no. 12, pp. e50821-e50821.
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A multi-interface domain is a domain that can shape multiple and distinctive binding sites to contact with many other domains, forming a hub in domain-domain interaction networks. The functions played by the multiple interfaces are usually different, but there is no strict bijection between the functions and interfaces as some subsets of the interfaces play the same function. This work applies graph theory and algorithms to discover fingerprints for the multiple interfaces of a domain and to establish associations between the interfaces and functions, based on a huge set of multi-interface proteins from PDB. We found that about 40% of proteins have the multi-interface property, however the involved multi-interface domains account for only a tiny fraction (1.8%) of the total number of domains. The interfaces of these domains are distinguishable in terms of their fingerprints, indicating the functional specificity of the multiple interfaces in a domain. Furthermore, we observed that both cooperative and distinctive structural patterns, which will be useful for protein engineering, exist in the multiple interfaces of a domain

Zhao, L, Wong, L, Lu, L, Hoi, SCH & Li, J 2012, 'B-cell epitope prediction through a graph model', BMC BIOINFORMATICS, vol. 13, no. suppl 17, pp. 1-12.
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Background Prediction of B-cell epitopes from antigens is useful to understand the immune basis of antibody-antigen recognition, and is helpful in vaccine design and drug development. Tremendous efforts have been devoted to this long-studied problem, however, existing methods have at least two common limitations. One is that they only favor prediction of those epitopes with protrusive conformations, but show poor performance in dealing with planar epitopes. The other limit is that they predict all of the antigenic residues of an antigen as belonging to one single epitope even when multiple non-overlapping epitopes of an antigen exist. Results In this paper, we propose to divide an antigen surface graph into subgraphs by using a Markov Clustering algorithm, and then we construct a classifier to distinguish these subgraphs as epitope or non-epitope subgraphs. This classifier is then taken to predict epitopes for a test antigen. On a big data set comprising 92 antigen-antibody PDB complexes, our method significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art epitope prediction methods, achieving 24.7% higher averaged f-score than the best existing models. In particular, our method can successfully identify those epitopes with a non-planarity which is too small to be addressed by the other models. Our method can also detect multiple epitopes whenever they exist.

ZHAO, S-M, XIAO, YU, ZHU, YAN, ZHU, X-L & HSIEH, M-H 2012, 'NEW CLASS OF QUANTUM CODES CONSTRUCTED FROM CYCLIC DIFFERENCE SET', International Journal of Quantum Information, vol. 10, no. 01, pp. 1250015-1250015.
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We introduce joint difference sets as a generalization of cyclic difference sets, and we construct a new class of quantum error-correcting codes (QECCs) from these joint difference sets. The main benefits of our method are as follows. First, we can construct quantum codes that are both high rate and with large block length, while maintaining good performance. Second, the density of constructed quantum parity check matrix can approach zero when the code length is very large. This allows us to use a simple iterative decoding algorithm. Interestingly, our method yields the well-known [5,1,3] QECC.

Zhao, Y, Niu, S, Ho, SL, Fu, WN & Zhu, J 2012, 'A Parameterized Mesh Generation and Refinement Method for Finite Element Parameter Sweeping Analysis of Electromagnetic Devices', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 239-242.
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A parameterized mesh generation and refinement method is presented for parameter sweeping analysis of electromagnetic designs. The advantages of the method are distinct in that the method is remeshing-free, thus it can significantly reduce the numerical

Zhao, YX, Gao, BY, Shon, HK, Wang, Y, Kim, J-H, Yue, QY & Bo, XW 2012, 'Anionic polymer compound bioflocculant as a coagulant aid with aluminum sulfate and titanium tetrachloride', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 108, pp. 45-54.
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The objectives of this study are to investigate the impacts of anionic polymer compound bioflocculant (CBF) as a coagulant aid on coagulation performance and floc characteristics with titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) and aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3). The effect of dosing sequence was also investigated. Floc size, breakage, regrowth and floc fractal dimension were examined using a laser diffraction instrument. The results showed that CBF with TiCl4 or Al2(SO4)3 coagulants exhibited synergistic effects by promoting dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal. For both TiCl4 and Al2(SO4)3, the floc recoverability was improved by CBF addition, and the flocs formed by TiCl4 and the corresponding dual-coagulants showed weaker recovery ability than those by Al2(SO4)3 and the corresponding dual-coagulants. Fractal dimension analysis demonstrated that the floc fractal dimension values increased with the increasing coagulant dose. The effect of CBF on fractal dimension of the flocs generated by TiCl4 was different from that of Al2(SO4)3.

Zhao, YX, Gao, BY, Wang, Y, Shon, HK, Bo, XW & Yue, QY 2012, 'Coagulation performance and floc characteristics with polyaluminum chloride using sodium alginate as coagulant aid: A preliminary assessment', CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL, vol. 183, pp. 387-394.
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The effect of sodium alginate (SA) on coagulation performance and floc characteristics with polyaluminum chloride (PAC) was evaluated in synthetic humic acid-kaolin water treatment. Coagulation performance and floc characteristics of PAC were investigated for comparison. The results showed that PAC plus SA exhibited certain synergistic effect on DOC (dissolved organic carbon) and turbidity removal. DOC removal was more enhanced by SA at low PAC doses than at higher ones, while turbidity removal was enhanced when PAC doses were larger than 1.5 mg/L. The growth, breakage, regrowth and fractal nature of flocs were investigated using Mastersizer 2000, with the results suggesting that the aggregated flocs after PAC-SA (PAC dosed first) flocculation showed faster growth rate and with larger floc size compared with the flocs formed by PAC. Besides, PAC-SA gave the flocs with more open structure but better recovery ability after floc breakage compared with PAC.

Zhao, YX, Wang, Y, Gao, BY, Shon, HK, Kim, J-H & Yue, QY 2012, 'Coagulation performance evaluation of sodium alginate used as coagulant aid with aluminum sulfate, iron chloride and titanium tetrachloride', DESALINATION, vol. 299, no. 1, pp. 79-88.
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Coagulation-flocculation was applied to humic acid-kaolin synthetic water samples, using sodium alginate (SA) as a coagulant aid with primary coagulants used: aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3), iron chloride (FeCl3) and titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4). The corresponding dual-coagulants were dented as Al2(SO4)3-SA, FeCl3-SA and TiCl4-SA by dosing SA 30 s after primary coagulants addition. Coagulation performance was investigated in terms of turbidity reduction and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal and the flocs were characterized in terms of size, growth rate, strength, recoverability and structure through onâline monitoring of the coagulation process using Mastersizer 2000. The results showed that dual-coagulants could remove HA effectively with appropriate SA doses. Primary coagulants plus SA exhibited an apparent improvement in both floc growth rate and floc size. Besides, floc recoverability was significantly increased. It was suspected that SA addition may have a positive effect on the solid/liquid separation process. However, dual-coagulants gave the flocs with more open structure.

Zheng, F-C, Correia, L, Guo, YJ, O'Farrell, T & Madan, R 2012, 'Guest Editorial', Journal of Communications, vol. 7, no. 10, pp. 713-715.
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Zheng, L, Hoang, DB & Li, M 2012, 'Wireless Hybrid QoS Architecture with an Enhancement of Fair Intelligent Congestion Control', Wireless Engineering and Technology, vol. 03, no. 03, pp. 113-124.
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More subtle and explicit QoS control mechanisms are required at the radio access level, even though the simple and scalable Differentiated Services (DiffServ) QoS control model is acceptable for the core of the network. At the radio access level, available resources are severely limited and the degree of traffic aggregation is not significant, thus rendering the DiffServ principles less effective. In this paper we present a suitable hybrid QoS architecture framework to address the problem. At the wireless access end, the local QoS mechanism is designed in the context of IEEE 802.11 WLAN with 802.11e QoS extensions; so streams of those session-based applications are admitted, established according to the traffic profile they require, and guaranteed. As the core in the Admission Control of the hybrid QoS architecture, the Fair Intelligent Congestion Control (FICC) algorithm is applied to provide fairness among traffic aggregates and control congestion at the bottleneck interface between the wireless link and the network core via mechanisms of packet scheduling, buffer management, feedback and adjustments. It manages effectively the overloading scenario by preventing traffic violation from uncontrolled traffic, and providing guarantee to the priority traffic in terms of guaranteed bandwidth allocation and specified delay

Zheng, L, Jin, J, Guo, Y, Xu, W & Zhu, J 2012, 'Performance Analysis of an HTS Magnetic Suspension and Propulsion System With a Double-Sided HTS Linear Synchronous Motor', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 655-658.
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A novel HTS magnetic suspension and propulsion system driven by a double-sided HTS linear synchronous motor (HTSLSM) has been developed, which is suspended by an HTS magnetic suspension subsystem located on the bottom of the HTSLSM secondary mover. The s

Zheng, W, Wang, G, Lin, X, Jiang, H, Wei, D & Jiang, Z 2012, 'Study on the effects of polycrystal grain orientations on indentation hardness', International Journal of Surface Science and Engineering, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 338-338.
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The effects of polycrystal grain orientations on the indentation hardness were studied by both the experimental investigation and numerical simulation. The surface grain orientations of the sample were measured using the electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) technique, and are divided into three types of grains according to the characteristics of orientations. The indentation experiment was carried out on the surface grains with various orientations as the same direction of the indenter axis. According to the polycrystalline plastic forming theory, a new finite element method (FEM) model was established and the indentation processes on the grains with orientations of [111] and [1001 were numerically simulated. By comparing the hardness from simulation results with those of experiments, the new FEM model considering grain orientations was validated. The forming mechanism of the contour during indentation on surface grains with different orientations is also discussed in the study.

Zheng, Z, Zhang, L, Hu, S, Li, X, Yuan, X & Gao, H 2012, 'Risk factors and in-hospital mortality in Chinese patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: Analysis of a large multi-institutional Chinese database', The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, vol. 144, no. 2, pp. 355-359.e1.
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Zhou, A, Liu, M, Li, Z & Dutkiewicz, E 2012, 'Cross-Layer Design for Proportional Delay Differentiation and Network Utility Maximization in Multi-Hop Wireless Networks', IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 1446-1455.
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Zhou, A, Liu, M, Li, Z & Dutkiewicz, E 2012, 'Modeling and Optimization of Medium Access in CSMA Wireless Networks with Topology Asymmetry', IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 11, no. 9, pp. 1559-1571.
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ZHOU, A-N, SHENG, D & CARTER, JP 2012, 'Modelling the effect of initial density on soil-water characteristic curves', Géotechnique, vol. 62, no. 8, pp. 669-680.
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This paper presents a simple approach to quantify the effect of initial soil density on the soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) of unsaturated soils. This approach is based on an incremental relationship between the degree of saturation and the initial void ratio, which satisfies the intrinsic constraints for three-phase porous materials. The incremental relationship can be incorporated into existing SWCC equations to model the water retention behaviour for deformable soils. Only one additional parameter is introduced, which can be conveniently calibrated by way of conventional water retention tests. The SWCCs for the same soil at different initial void ratios can be found using the proposed approach. The proposed approach is validated against experimental data from drying tests for both compacted and reconstituted soils.

Zhou, A-N, Sheng, D, Sloan, SW & Gens, A 2012, 'Erratum to “Interpretation of unsaturated soil behaviour in the stress–saturation space II: Constitutive relationships and validations’’', Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 43, pp. 177-177.
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Zhou, A-N, Sheng, D, Sloan, SW & Gens, A 2012, 'Interpretation of unsaturated soil behaviour in the stress – Saturation space, I: Volume change and water retention behaviour', Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 43, pp. 178-187.
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Zhou, A-N, Sheng, D, Sloan, SW & Gens, A 2012, 'Interpretation of unsaturated soil behaviour in the stress–saturation space', Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 43, pp. 111-123.
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Zhou, J, Lee, I, Thomas, B, Menassa, R, Farrant, A & Sansome, A 2012, 'In-Situ Support for Automotive Manufacturing Using Spatial Augmented Reality', International Journal of Virtual Reality, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 33-41.
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In automotive manufacturing, quality inspection of spot welding demands excessive manual operations. Operators refer to a printed drawing of the testing body, with the inspection points marked on this drawing. Operators have to locate the matching spot on the drawing and the body manually to perform the inspection. Further more, different subsets of spots are inspected on different car bodies with a pre-determined sequence. This paper describes a system that projects visual data onto arbitrary surfaces for providing just-in-time information to a user in-situ within a physical work-cell. This system aims to reduce the inefficiencies and potential mistakes in manual inspection process. This paper discusses how spatial augmented reality and head-mount displays may be combined to display global information visible by all operators as well as personalized information to individuals. Further investigations on applying spatial augmented reality for spot welding inspections are explored, including four types of digital information projected onto the surfaces of car body parts under structured work environments: 1) Location of spot welds; 2) Inspection methods; 3) Operation Description Sheet (ODS) information; 4) Visualization of weld locating methods. Three visualization methods are used to attract operators' attention to locate the position of spot welds efficiently. This paper also proposes a method to project augmentations on objects moving along an assembly line. The proposed system allows operators becoming more effective and efficient in performing proper inspections, by providing them the required information at the required time without the need to refer to paper-based manuals or computer terminals.

Zhou, J, Su, S, Guo, AH & Chen, WD 2012, 'Abnormalities Detection of IMU Based on PCA in Motion Monitoring', Applied Mechanics and Materials, vol. 224, no. 1, pp. 533-538.
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Inertial measurement units (IMU) are used as an affordable and effective remote measurement method for health monitoring in body sensor networks (BSNs) based on tracking people’s daily motions and activities. These inertial sensors are mostly micro-electro-mechanical systems with a combination of multi-axis combinations of precision gyroscopes, accelerometers, and magnetometers to sense multiple degrees of freedom (DoF).Unfortunately in the process of motion monitoring actual sensor outputs may contain some abnormalities, which might result in the misinterpretations of activities. In this paper, we use Principal component analysis (PCA) combined with Hotelling’s T2 and SPE statistic to detect abnormal data in the process of motion monitoring with IMU to ensure the reliability and accuracy in application. The simulated results prove this method is effective and feasible.

Zhou, JL, Maskaoui, K & Lufadeju, A 2012, 'Optimization of antibiotic analysis in water by solid-phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry', Analytica Chimica Acta, vol. 731, no. 1, pp. 32-39.
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This paper describes the development of an optimized method based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the simultaneous analysis of ten antibiotic compounds including tetracyclines, sulfonamides, macrolides and quinolones. LC-MS/MS sensitivity has been optimized by alterations to both LC and MS operations. Of the two high resolution columns tested, Waters Symmetry C18 endcapped and Agilent Zorbax Bonus-RP, the latter was found to show better performance in producing sharp peaks and clear separation for most of the target compounds. Optimization of the MS fragmentation collision and cone energy enhanced the peak areas of the target analytes. The recovery of the target compounds from water samples was most efficient on Waters Oasis HLB SPE cartridge, while methanol was shown to be the most suitable solvent for desorbing the compounds from SPE. In addition, acidification of samples prior to SPE was shown to enhance the recovery of the compounds. To ensure a satisfactory recovery, the flow rate through SPE should be maintained at ≤10mLmin-1. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of antibiotics from environmental water samples, with concentrations being

Zhou, JT, Pan, SJ, Mao, Q & Tsang, IW 2012, 'Multi-view positive and unlabeled learning', Journal of Machine Learning Research, vol. 25, pp. 555-570.
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Learning with Positive and Unlabeled instances (PU learning) arises widely in information retrieval applications. To address the unavailability issue of negative instances, most existing PU learning approaches require to either identify a reliable set of negative instances from the unlabeled data or estimate probability densities as an intermediate step. However, inaccurate negative-instance identification or poor density estimation may severely degrade overall performance of the final predictive model. To this end, we propose a novel PU learning method based on density ratio estimation without constructing any sets of negative instances or estimating any intermediate densities. To further boost PU learning performance, we extend our proposed learning method in a multi-view manner by utilizing multiple heterogeneous sources. Extensive experimental studies demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed methods, especially when positive labeled data are limited. © 2012 J.T. Zhou, S.J. Pan, Q. Mao & I.W. Tsang.

Zhou, L-G, Chen, H-Y, Merigó, JM & Gil-Lafuente, AM 2012, 'Uncertain generalized aggregation operators', Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 1105-1117.
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Zhou, Q, Diao, C, Sun, Y & Zhou, J 2012, 'Tolerance, uptake and removal of nitrobenzene by a newly-found remediation species Mirabilis jalapa L.', Chemosphere, vol. 86, no. 10, pp. 994-1000.
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The growth, photosynthesis rate, and ultrastructure of Mirabilis jalapa L. as a newly-found remediation species under stress of nitrobenzene (NB) and its uptake and removal of NB by the plants were investigated. The results showed that M. jalapa plants could endure contaminated soils by lower than 10.0mgNBkg -1 because there was no decrease in the total length of the plant roots, the maximum length of the hypocotyle, the length of the first seminal root, the height of the shoots and the dry biomass of the seedlings as well as the photosynthesis rate of the plants compared with those in the control. In particular, the growth of the plants could be significantly (P<0.01) enhanced by 0.1mgNBkg -1 under unautoclaved and autoclaved soils. Ultrastructural observations on leaf cells of the plants found that these cells had smooth, clean and continuous cell membranes and cell walls, indicating that there was no obvious damage by NB in comparison with those in the control. Although the absorption of NB in shoots and roots of M. jalapa was weak, plant-promoted biodegradation of NB was considerable and the dominant contribution in the removal of NB from contaminated soils, suggesting the feasibility of M. jalapa applied to phytoremediation of NB contaminated soils. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.

Zhou, Z, Meng, F, Liang, S, Ni, B-J, Jia, X, Li, S, Song, Y & Huang, G 2012, 'Role of microorganism growth phase in the accumulation and characteristics of biomacromolecules (BMM) in a membrane bioreactor', RSC Adv., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 453-460.
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Zhu, H & Lee, JE-Y 2012, 'Reversed Nonlinear Oscillations in Lamé-Mode Single-Crystal-Silicon Microresonators', IEEE Electron Device Letters, vol. 33, no. 10, pp. 1492-1494.
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Zhu, H & Lee, JE-Y 2012, 'System-level circuit simulation of nonlinearity in micromechanical resonators', Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, vol. 186, pp. 15-20.
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Zhu, H, Chu, Q-X & Tian, X-K 2012, 'Compact UWB bandpass filter using folded-T-shaped resonator with a notch-band', Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, vol. 26, no. 10, pp. 1366-1373.
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Zhu, X & Hao, H 2012, 'Development of an integrated structural health monitoring system for bridge structures in operational conditions', Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 321-333.
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This paper presents an overview of development of an integrated structural health monitoring system. The integrated system includes vibration and guided-wave based structural health monitoring. It integrates the real-time heterogeneous sensor data acquiring system, data analysis and interpretation, physical-based numerical simulation of complex structural system under operational conditions and structural evaluation. The study is mainly focused on developing: integrated sensor technology, integrated structural damage identification with operational loads monitoring, and integrated structural evaluation with results from system identification. Numerical simulation and its implementation in laboratory show that the system is effective and reliable to detect local damage and global conditions of bridge structures. © 2012 Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Zhu, XQ, Hao, H, Uy, B, Xia, Y & Mirza, O 2012, 'Dynamic Assessment of Shear Connection Conditions in Slab-Girder Bridges by Kullback-Leibler Distance', Advances in Structural Engineering, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 771-780.
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Shear connectors are widely used in composite bridges that provide composite action. Their damage will reduce the load-carrying capacity of the structure. In this study, a novel method based on Kullback-Leibler distance (KLD) was developed to assess the integrity of the shear connectors. A bridge model was constructed in the laboratory and some removable anchors were specially designed and fabricated to link the beams and slab that were cast separately. Each anchor consists of a threaded bar that penetrates through the soffit of the beam and ties up into an embedded nut cap to simulate a shear connector in the real bridges. Different damage scenarios were introduced by pulling out some connectors. Vibration tests were carried out in each damage scenario. Various damage detection methods have been applied and results show that the method was able to detect all the assumed damage scenarios successfully and consistently.

Zliobaite, I, Bifet, A, Gaber, M, Gabrys, B, Gama, J, Minku, L & Musial, K 2012, 'Next challenges for adaptive learning systems', ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 48-55.
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Learning from evolving streaming data has become a 'hot' research topic in the last decade and many adaptive learning algorithms have been developed. This research was stimulated by rapidly growing amounts of industrial, transactional, sensor and other business data that arrives in real time and needs to be mined in real time. Under such circumstances, constant manual adjustment of models is in-efficient and with increasing amounts of data is becoming infeasible. Nevertheless, adaptive learning models are still rarely employed in business applications in practice. In the light of rapidly growing structurally rich 'big data', new generation of parallel computing solutions and cloud computing services as well as recent advances in portable computing devices, this article aims to identify the current key research directions to be taken to bring the adaptive learning closer to application needs. We identify six forthcoming challenges in designing and building adaptive learning (pre-diction) systems: making adaptive systems scalable, dealing with realistic data, improving usability and trust, integrat-ing expert knowledge, taking into account various application needs, and moving from adaptive algorithms towards adaptive tools. Those challenges are critical for the evolving stream settings, as the process of model building needs to be fully automated and continuous.

Zoorabadi, M, Indraratna, B & Nemcik, J 2012, 'A new equation for the equivalent hydraulic conductivity of rock mass around a tunnel', International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, vol. 54, pp. 125-128.
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Zuthi, MFR, Ngo, HH & Guo, WS 2012, 'Modelling bioprocesses and membrane fouling in membrane bioreactor (MBR): A review towards finding an integrated model framework', BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 122, pp. 119-129.
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The bioprocesses taking place in activated sludge wastewater treatment system itself are characterized by great complexity and yet incomplete understanding of some of the phenomena involved. The MBR technology inherent deficiencies for its simulation due to additional intrinsic complexities resulting from the interaction between concurrently occurring and dynamic biological processes with membrane filtration and the straightforward adoption of the activated sludge modelsâ (ASM) frameworks or their modified variations. In this backdrop, this paper compiles a brief overview of the previous developments to the current state-of-the-art mathematical modelling approaches of the MBR system. With extended discussions on particular topics such as applications of modified ASMs to MBR modelling, ASM extensions incorporating soluble microbial products (SMP)/extracellular polymeric substances EPS) concepts, this paper also provides a guide for different end-users of mathematical models of MBR systems.

A, H, B, I & C, R 1970, 'Use of the Soil Modulus for Compaction Control of Compacted Soils', Proceedings of the International Conference on Ground Improvement & Ground Control, International Conference on Ground Improvement & Ground Control, Research Publishing Services.
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Abbas, AA, Mansor, SB, Pradhan, B & Tan, CK 1970, 'Spatial and seasonal variability of Chlorophyll-a and associated oceanographic events in Sabah water', 2012 Second International Workshop on Earth Observation and Remote Sensing Applications, 2012 Second International Workshop on Earth Observation and Remote Sensing Applications (EORSA), IEEE, pp. 215-219.
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Adeli, A, Sinaee, M, Zomorodian, J & Neshat, M 1970, 'Harmony-based feature selection to improve the nearest neighbor classification', Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Computational Science, Engineering and Information Technology, CCSEIT '12: The Second International Conference on Computational Science, Engineering, ACM.
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Adistambha, K, Davis, S, Ritz, CH, Stirling, D & Burnett, IS 1970, 'Toward human motion search using fingerprinting', 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia, pp. 1033-1038.
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This paper investigates a 'fingerprinting' technique for describing human motion sequences. This work shows that human motion fingerprints can facilitate the search of human motion within large databases, similar to the fingerprinting approach used for the search of audio and image databases. This paper investigates the extraction of a reliable set of features from human motion capture data sequences that can be combined to generate a unique fingerprint. Results show that the fingerprints could be used to reliably differentiate between unique motions. © 2012 IEEE.

Afshar, S, Kavehei, O, van Schaik, A, Tapson, J, Skafidas, S & Hamilton, TJ 1970, 'Emergence of competitive control in a memristor-based neuromorphic circuit', The 2012 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), 2012 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 2012 - Brisbane), IEEE.
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Recent work in neuroscience is revealing how the blowfly rapidly detects orientation using neural circuits distributed directly behind its photo receptors. These circuits like all biological systems rely on timing, competition, feedback, and energy optimization. The recent realization of the passive memristor device, the so-called fourth fundamental passive element of circuit theory, assists with making low power biologically inspired parallel analog computation achievable. Building on these developments, we present a memristor-based neuromorphic competitive control (mNCC) circuit, which utilizes a single sensor and can control the output of N actuators delivering optimal scalable performance, and immunity from device variation and environmental noise. © 2012 IEEE.

Aguilera, RP, Lezana, P & Quevedo, DE 1970, 'A switched Model Predictive Control formulation for Flying Capacitor Converters', 2012 15th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (EPE/PEMC), 2012 EPE-ECCE Europe Congress, IEEE, Novi Sad, Serbia.
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This work presents a switched Model Predictive Control (MPC) formulation for Flying Capacitor Converters (FCC's). The key idea of our proposal is to use standard Finite Control Set MPC (FCS-MPC) to lead the system to a region near to the desired reference, e.g. during reference changes. Once the system state is close to the reference, the optimal solution of Explicit MPC will be used to finally achieve the desired reference. The actuation of this local controller will be modulated using a PWM stage. As an illustrative example we apply this proposal to control an FCC. Thus, the output current control as well as the balancing of the floating voltages will be achieved with a zero steady state error and a constant switching frequency. © 2012 IEEE.

Ahad, MT, Dyson, L & Gay, V 1970, 'Towards an M-banking framework for rural SMEs in Bangladesh', INNOVATION VISION 2020: SUSTAINABLE GROWTH, ENTREPRENEURSHIP, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, VOLS 1-4, International Business Information Management, International Business Information Management Association, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 1153-1164.
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This research aims at discovering factors which impact on the intention of rural SME owners and managers to adopt m-banking in Bangladesh. Over the last ten years, a wide spectrum of mbanking frameworks has emerged that offers new insights into the adoption and acceptance of mbanking. However, m-banking has still not been extended to rural Bangladesh. To fill the gap this research surveyed 550 SMEs owners/managers in four rural villages. The result indicates that poor banking facilities, cost, credibility, gender, education and SME category are the main factors that significantly influence the intention to adopt m-banking. The analysis introduces three factors which have been largely overlooked in prior literature. The study broadens our understanding of m-banking and provides insights into developing m-banking strategies in Bangladesh. This research will be of potential value in accelerating the development of m-banking in Bangladesh

Ahmad, A, Huang, S, Wang, JJ, Dissanayake, G & IEEE 1970, 'A New State Vector and a Map Joining Algorithm for Range-Only SLAM', 2012 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL, AUTOMATION, ROBOTICS & VISION (ICARCV), International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision, IEEE, Guangzhou, China, pp. 1024-1029.
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This paper presents a new state vector and a map joining algorithm for range-only SLAM problems. Local maps are built by least squares optimization using the new state vector and a landmark initialization strategy which is an improvement on our preliminary work [1]. The map joining algorithm combines the local maps using least squares optimization to maintain the estimation consistency. Both the local map building and the map joining algorithm maintain a list of 'unused range observations' to minimize the potential for information loss. The accuracy of the proposed method is evaluated using a simulation dataset, and an experimental dataset provided by the Robotics Institute at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU). © 2012 IEEE.

Ahmad, A, Zhao, L, Huang, S, Dissanayake, G & IEEE 1970, 'Convergence Comparison of Least Squares Based Bearing-Only SLAM Algorithms Using Different Landmark Parametrizations', 2012 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL, AUTOMATION, ROBOTICS & VISION (ICARCV), International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision, IEEE, Guangzhou, China, pp. 1006-1011.
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This paper compares the convergence of least squares based 2D bearing-only SLAM algorithms using different landmark parametrizations. It is shown that the requirement on the accuracy of the initial value vary significantly when using different landmark parametrizations. Especially, for small scale bearing-only SLAM problems, the region of attraction of the global minimum for Gauss-Newton iteration based bearing-only SLAM algorithm using parallax angle landmark parametrization is significantly larger as compared with those of bearing-only SLAM algorithms using other landmark parametrizations. © 2012 IEEE.

AL Sabbagh, A, Braun, R & Abolhasan, M 1970, 'A power efficient RAT selection algorithm for heterogeneous wireless networks', 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Gold Coast, Australia, pp. 997-1002.
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The Fourth Generation of wireless network (4G) is a heterogeneous network where different Radio Access Technologies (RATs) are integrated. This requires a need for Common Radio Resource Management (CRRM) to support efficient utilization of radio resources and to provide the required Quality of Service (QoS) for allocated calls. RAT selection algorithms are an important part of CRRM. This paper proposes an intelligent hybrid power efficient RAT selection algorithm (patent pending1). It is a battery power saver algorithm which includes sorting available RATs, collecting information on each RAT using the IEEE P1900.4 Protocol, and making decisions for selecting the most suitable RAT for incoming calls. The proposed power efficient algorithm is compared to centralized and distributed algorithms in terms of new call blocking and Vertical Handover (VHO) call dropping probabilities. Users' satisfactions probability and saving battery power percentage are also compared. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm performs better than the centralized and distributed algorithms in terms of blocking, dropping and users' satisfactions probabilities. The proposed and the distributed algorithms have similar performance in term of saving battery power, and both perform better than the centralized algorithm. © 2012 IEEE.

Al Sabbagh, A, Braun, RM & Abolhasan, M 1970, 'Interaction of Radio Resource Management in Heterogeneous wireless Networks', 1st Australian Conference on the Applications of Systems Engineering (ACASE'12), 1st Australian Conference on the Applications of Systems Engineering (ACASE'12), University of Technology, Sydney, Sydney, Australia, pp. 34-35.

AlAamri, H, Safaei, F, Abolhasan, M & Franklin, DR 1970, 'Location-Based Utilization for Unidirectional Links in MANETs', Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications, International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications, XPS (Xpert Publishing Services) / IARIA, Venice, Italy, pp. 248-253.
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AbstractHeterogeneous Mobile Ad hoc Network(HMANET) comprises different nodes with different capabilities. Hence, transmission and receiving capabilities aredifferent. This causes unidirectionality problem. Avoidances is the most used strategy in researches to route data, e.g., Blacklist. In this paper, we proposed a strategy for on-demand routing protocols to detect unidirectional link and resolve it in timely fashion. This strategy is based on utilizing locations of nodes to filter and cache incoming RREQ packets to find reliable path to destination in the existence of unidirectional links. Simulation results show that our strategy outperforms Blacklist strategy in homogeneous and heterogeneous MANET.

Alamdari, M, Li, J & Samali, B 1970, 'A FRF-based damage detection method utilising wavelet decomposition', From materials to structures: Advancement through innovation, Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, CRC Press, Sydney, Australia, pp. 873-877.
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Damage in a structure causes deviation in dynamic responses of the structure either in frequency or time domain in comparison with its healthy status. The purpose of this study is to present a new damage detection method in order to detect and localize the structural damage. This novel algorithm is based on the directly-measured frequency response functions (FRFs). The approach is composed of three major steps: first, developing the curvature of FRFs which produces spatially distributed shape functions at each frequency coordinate, secondly, normalization of FRFsâ curvature in order to enhance the influence of the lower-frequency-band data; finally decomposition of the obtained profiles (normalized version of FRFsâ curvature) by conducting wavelet analysis to detect any possible structural abnormality through structure. The combination of these three steps leads to a robust algorithm in detection and localisation of any damage in the structure even at small levels which other FRF-based methods were unable to detect. There are some benefits with the presented method: first, this method does not need higher-frequency-range data which is hard to obtain in most civil applications; second, there is no need for baseline data from the intact structure; This is particularly attractive for practical applications as it opens an opportunity for online monitoring of the structural integrity without demanding for any previous data records of the structure. The performance of the method is evaluated on a numerical model and the effect of different parameters such as the location of the excitation point, the level and the location of the damage was studied; the results demonstrated that the method can efficiently identify the location of the damage in the structure even for damage at small levels.

Alharbi, A & Kang, K 1970, 'The impact of culture on government web-services development: E-participation development in Saudi Arabia', Innovation Vision 2020: Sustainable growth, Entrepreneurship, and Economic Development - Proceedings of the 19th International Business Information Management Association Conference, International Business Information Management, IBIMA Publishing, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 298-305.
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Considerable improvements have been made in the field of information technology that has enabled faster and freer transfer of information across different sources. These developments have empowered governments across the world to develop diverse e-government services, websites that use the internet as a medium for conducting some specific public service operations. A subset of egovernment services called e-participation is composed of tools that governments use in order to encourage and facilitate citizens' participation in political activities and policy development. One variable that is hypothesized to be affecting the development of e-participation services in Saudi Arabia is culture. This study intends to determine how culture impacts the development of eparticipation services in Saudi Arabia.

Ali, MS, Pota, HR, Mahmud, MA & Hossain, MJ 1970, 'Critical parameter analysis and LQR control for the distribution system with DFIG', 2012 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2012 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting. New Energy Horizons - Opportunities and Challenges, IEEE, San Diego, CA.
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Almabrok, M, McLaughlan, R & Vessalas, K 1970, 'Characterisation of cement mortar containing oil-contaminated aggregates', From Materials To Structures: Advancement Through Innovation - Proceedings Of The 22nd Australasian Conference On The Mechanics Of Structures And Materials, Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, CRC Press, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1091-1096.
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Oil spills, leakage and other releases of products from petroleum industry are a source of contamination and are recognised as a major environmental concern. The current treatment technologies for these materials are either cost prohibitive and/or the treated products have to be sent to land fill without any potential end-use, thereby rendering these solutions unsustainable. Cement-based stabilisation/solidification is an emerging technology; however there is currently quite limited knowledge on the effect of oil on the cement solidification process and its consequent effect on the performance of fresh and hardened properties of the resultant cementitious mix. The purpose of conducting this study is to determine the appropriateness of the mortar for various end-uses when incorporating mineral oil additions up to 10% of the aggregate mass. Increased oil content in the cement mortar was found to increase setting time and decrease air content. The compressive strength decreased by 78% compared to the control at 28 days age. However, since the compressive strength covered a wide range of values, various feasible end-use scenarios for oil contaminated mortar exist.

Almotairy, S, Wei, DB & Jiang, ZY 1970, 'Study on Surface Roughness Transformation during Metal Rolling', Materials Science Forum, 7th International Conference on Processing and Manufacturing of Advanced Materials, Trans Tech Publications, Ltd., Quebec City, CANADA, pp. 2517-2522.
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Increasing the demand for cold rolled ultra thin strip as feedstock for miniaturized products has encouraged researchers to investigate the ways to increase the quality of such products, especially those related to strip surface roughness. Surface is known as quality factor in most of manufacturing processes. In this paper, the effect of the rolling parameters on the surface roughness transformation during metal rolling has been studied. The experimental results demonstrate that the surface roughness transformation during the metal rolling is highly affected by the designation of the processing parameters such as finishing temperature, reduction, rolling passes and lubrication. The results have been discussed to verify the validity of the new findings.

Althuwaynee, OF, Pradhan, B, Mahmud, AR & Yusoff, ZM 1970, 'Prediction of slope failures using bivariate statistical based index of entropy model', 2012 IEEE Colloquium on Humanities, Science and Engineering (CHUSER), 2012 IEEE Colloquium on Humanities, Science and Engineering (CHUSER), IEEE, pp. 362-367.
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Alzamora, P, Nguyen, QV, Simoff, S & Catchpoole, D 1970, 'A novel 3D interactive visualization for medical data analysis', Proceedings of the 24th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference, OzCHI '12: The 24th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference, ACM, pp. 19-25.
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This paper describes a new three-dimensional interactive visualization supporting large scale medical data analysis. We provide a simple and effective view so that the biomedical information can be easily perceived. Our visualization also embeds a novel mechanism to prevent disorientation by maintaining the orientation of objects and labels during the navigation. From the overview of patient population, users can select one, multiple patients or a group of patients to analyse further. We demonstrate our approach with the medical scientists working on a case study of childhood cancer patients, examplifying how they could use the tool to confirm existing hypotheses and to discover new scientific insights. © 2012 ACM.

Al-Zubaydi, AYT, Dartnall, J & Dowd, A 1970, 'Design, Construction and Calibration of an Instrument for Measuring the Production of Chilled Water by the Combined Effects of Evaporation and Night Sky Radiation', Volume 7: Fluids and Heat Transfer, Parts A, B, C, and D, ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Houston, Texas, USA, pp. 1523-1532.
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This paper presents the design and mathematical modeling of thermal radiator panels to be used primarily to measure night sky radiation from dry and wet coated surfaces. Three panels may be used in conjunction as a combined measuring system. One panel consists of an upper dry surface coated aluminum sheet laminated to an ethylene vinyl acetate foam backing block having a pattern of parallel flow water channels and header channels milled into its mating surface prior to lamination to the aluminum sheet. This configuration provides a fin and channel radiator instrument whereby circulating water may be used to measure the heat loss from this panel to night sky radiation. In a second configuration, the surface of a panel without buried water channels but otherwise identical may be wetted in order to study and compare the night sky radiation from its wet surface. In this case, the measuring water is circulated over the upper face of this panel. In a third configuration, water is sprayed onto the surface of the second panel (or a similar panel) so that an evaporative cooling effect is gained in addition to the radiation effect. Initial TRNSYS simulations for the performance of all three configurations are presented and it is planned to use the panels as calibrated instruments for discriminating between the cooling effects of night sky radiation and evaporation.

Amirsadri, A, Bishop, AN, Kim, J, Trumpf, J & Petersson, L 1970, 'A computationally efficient low-bandwidth method for very-large-scale mapping of road signs with multiple vehicles', 15th International Conference on Information Fusion, FUSION 2012, IEEE, pp. 1351-1358.
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This paper provides a flexible solution to the problem of building and maintaining a very-large-scale map using multiple vehicles. In particular, we consider producing a map of landmarks on the scale of thousands of kilometres in an outdoor environment. The algorithm is distributed across multiple vehicles each given the task of producing and updating a local map. The vehicles are equipped with a range of sensors and selectively communicate maps to and from a central station in a bandwidth-constraint environment. The potentially overlapping local maps are asynchronously transmitted back to a central fusion centre where a global map repository is maintained. The work addresses two of the most common issues of mapping in large-scale environments, namely, computational complexity and limited communication bandwidth. The proposed communication architecture is scalable and is capable of dealing with time-varying overlapping map sizes. A general data fusion framework based on covariance intersection is proposed to tackle the problem of redundant information propagation that is caused by communicating sub-maps of arbitrary size in the network. We also provide an analysis on the applicability of covariance intersection, as compared to the optimal approach when no cross-correlation is known between estimates from different vehicles. We further analyse the solution using a number of illustrative examples. © 2012 ISIF (Intl Society of Information Fusi).

Amirsadri, A, Jonghyuk Kim, Petersson, L & Trumpf, J 1970, 'Practical considerations in precise calibration of a low-cost MEMS IMU for road-mapping applications', 2012 American Control Conference (ACC), 2012 American Control Conference - ACC 2012, IEEE, pp. 881-888.
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An, H, Lu, J & Zhang, G 1970, 'A JUDGEMENT METHOD FOR EARTHQUAKE EARLY WARNING INFORMATION', UNCERTAINTY MODELING IN KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING AND DECISION MAKING, International Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent technologies in Nuclear Science Conference, World Scientific, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 333-338.
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Earthquake early warning (EEW) is very important to earthquake mitigation, but EEW information before an earthquake is usually ignored. China Public Safety Early Warning Information Systems (CPSEWIS) including EEW information before, amid and after an earthquake is introduced. More important is that a method is designed to judge credibility of EEW information and help people mitigate

Anantanasakul, P, Indraratna, B, Nimbalkar, SS & Neville, T 1970, 'Effects of Geosynthetic Reinforcement on Performance of Ballasted Rail Track', Proceedings of the International Conference on Ground Improvement & Ground Control, International Conference on Ground Improvement & Ground Control, Research Publishing Services.
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Angelini, M 1970, 'Measuring the Effects of Peer Assisted Learning', CETL-MSOR 2011, The Maths, Stats and OR Network, UK.
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ISBN 9780956917126

Angus, K, Thomas, P, Vessalas, K & Ray, A 1970, 'Investigation of ground flint glass as a supplementary cementitious material in autoclaved lime-silica binders', From Materials to Structures: Advancement Through Innovation - Proceedings of the 22nd Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, ACMSM 2012, Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, CRC Press, Sydney, Australia, pp. 247-249.
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A potential application for the use of cullet glass is as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM). Cullet is a ground soda-lime-silica glass waste that has the potential to react with calcium hydroxide (CH) produced as a secondary product from the hydration of Portland cement (PC) in forming principal calciumsilicate- hydrate (C-S-H) strengthening phases. Additionally, the relatively high sodium content of the glass has the potential to act as precursor for the activation of aluminosilicates such as fly ash (FA). This paper investigates this potential by using these wastes in autoclaved hydrated lime CH-silica systems. Compressive strengths of autoclaved compacted cylinders were evaluated and the results demonstrate that the addition of ground glass provides higher strength, when used as a partial silica substitute, and aids in the activation of FA. © 2013 Taylor & Francis Group.

Anstiss, S & Marjanovic, O 1970, 'Understanding data quality issues in dynamic organisational environments - A literature review', ACIS 2012 : Proceedings of the 23rd Australasian Conference on Information Systems.
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Technology has been the catalyst that has facilitated an explosion of organisational data in terms of its velocity, variety, and volume, resulting in a greater depth and breadth of potentially valuable information, previously unutilised. The variety of data accessible to organisations extends beyond traditional structured data to now encompass previously unobtainable and difficult to analyse unstructured data. In addition to exploiting data, organisations are now facing an even greater challenge of assessing data quality and identifying the impacts of lack of quality. The aim of this research is to contribute to data quality literature, focusing on improving a current understanding of business-related Data Quality (DQ) issues facing organisations. This review builds on existing Information Systems literature, and proposes further research in this area. Our findings confirm that the current literature lags in recognising new types of data and imminent DQ impacts facing organisations in today's dynamic environment of the so-called 'Big Data'. Insights clearly identify the need for further research on DQ, in particular in relation to unstructured data. It also raises questions regarding new DQ impacts and implications for organisations, in their quest to leverage the variety of available data types to provide richer insights. Sarah Anstiss and Olivera Marjanovic © 2012.

Apeh, E, Žliobaite, I, Pechenizkiy, M & Gabrys, B 1970, 'Predicting multi-class customer profiles based on transactions: A case study in food sales', Res. and Dev. in Intelligent Syst. XXIX: Incorporating Applications and Innovations in Intel. Sys. XX - AI 2012, 32nd SGAI Int. Conf. on Innovative Techniques and Applications of Artificial Intel., pp. 213-218.
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Predicting the class of customer profiles is a key task in marketing, which enables businesses to approach the customers in a right way to satisfy the customer's evolving needs. However, due to costs, privacy and/or data protection, only the business' owned transactional data is typically available for constructing customer profiles. We present a new approach that is designed to efficiently and accurately handle the multi-class classification of customer profiles built using sparse and skewed transactional data. Our approach first bins the customer profiles on the basis of the number of items transacted. The discovered bins are then partitioned and prototypes within each of the discovered bins selected to build the multi-class classifier models. The results obtained from using four multi-class classifiers on real-world transactional data consistently show the critical numbers of items at which the predictive performance of customer profiles can be substantially improved. © Springer-Verlag London 2012.

Arya, V & Veitch, D 1970, 'Sparsity without the Complexity: Loss Localisation Using Tree Measurements', NETWORKING 2012 Proceedings, Part I (LNCS), International IFIP-TC Networking Conference, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 289-303.
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We study network loss tomography based on observing average loss rates over a set of paths forming a tree – a severely underdetermined linear problem for the unknown link loss probabilities. We examine in detail the role of sparsity as a regularising principle, pointing out that the problem is technically distinct from others in the compressed sensing literature. While sparsity has been applied in the context of tomography, key questions regarding uniqueness and recovery remain unanswered. Our work exploits the tree structure of path measurements to derive sufficient conditions for sparse solutions to be unique and the condition that ℓ1 minimization recovers the true underlying solution. We present a fast single-pass linear algorithm for ℓ1 minimization and prove that a minimum ℓ1 solution is both unique and sparsest for tree topologies. By considering the placement of lossy links within trees, we show that sparse solutions remain unique more often than is commonly supposed. We prove similar results for a noisy version of the problem.

Askari, M, Li, J & Samali, B 1970, 'Adaptive multiple forgetting factor recursive least square (AMFF-RLS) for real-time structural identification', From materials to structures: Advancement through innovation - 22nd Australian Conference On The Mechanics Of Structures And Materials, Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, CRC Press, Sydney, Australia, pp. 879-884.
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System identification refers to any systematic way of deriving or improving models of systems through the use of experimental and field testing inputâoutput data. In the field of civil engineering, identification of the state of the structure during the dynamic loads, such as earthquake, to predict the current state of the structure and detect any damage or hazard,when it occurs, has posed a great challenge to the research community. Therefore, online and real-time structural parameters identification has recently drawn more attractions, although few research works have been reported especially for cases where measurement data are contaminated by high level noise. The Recursive Least Square with single forgetting factor has been widely used in estimation and tracking of time-varying parameters in the fields of electrical and mechanical engineering. However, when there are multiple parameters that each (or some) varies with a different rate, this method cannot perform well. On the other hand, a priori information on the changing rate of the parameters might not be available, and the forgetting factors must be updated adaptively. This paper presents a new adaptive tracking technique, based on the Recursive Least Square (RLS) approach with Adaptive Multiple Forgetting Factors (AMFF). The proposed method considers an adaptive rule for each of the forgetting factors assigned to each of the parameters and thus, enables simultaneous estimation of the time-varying stiffness and damping of the storeys of the structure. Numerical examples show that results of this RLS-based approach are accurate and robust, even when the observed data are contaminated with different types and significantlevels of noise.

Askari, M, Li, J & Samali, B 1970, 'Application of extended, unscented, iterated extended and iterated unscented Kalman Filter for real-time structural identification', Advances in Applied Mechanics Research, Conference Proceedings - 7th Australasian Congress on Applied Mechanics, ACAM 2012, Australasian Congress on Applied Mechanics, Engineers Australia, Adelaide, pp. 1041-1051.
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System identification refers to any systematic way of deriving or improving models of dynamical systems through the use of experimental and field testing input-output data. In the field of civil engineering, identification of the state of a structure during service condition under dynamic loading, such as earthquake, in order to detect any damage as it occurs, has posed a great challenge to the research community. Therefore, online and real-time structural identification has attracted a great deal of attentions in the structural engineering research over the past decades, especially when input-output measurement data are contaminated by high-level noise. Among real-time identification methods, one of the most successful and widely used methods for estimation of states and parameters is the Kalman filter and its various nonlinear extensions like Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and iterated Extended Kalman Filter (IEKF). However, these methods are not effective in the case of highly nonlinear problems. To overcome the problem, two filtering techniques, namely unscented Kalman filter (UKF) and iterated unscented Kalman filter (IUKF), have been recently developed to handle any functional nonlinearity. In this paper, an investigation has been carried out on the aforementioned methods for their effectiveness and efficiencies through a highly nonlinear SDOF structure as well as a two-storey linear structure. Results show that, although IEKF is an improved version of EKF, the IUKF, in most of cases, produces better results on state estimation and parameter identification than UKF and IEKF. IUKF is also more robust to measurement noise levels compared to the other approaches.

Aslani, F & Nejadi, S 1970, 'Bond Constitutive Relationship for Steel Fiber Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete', Proceeding for the BOND IN CONCRETE 2012: Bond, Anchorage, Detailing conference, Bond in Concrete, Publisher creations, Manerbio (Brescia), Italy, pp. 931-939.
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Steel fiber reinforced self-compacting concrete (SFRSCC) is a relatively new composite material which congregates the benefits of the SCC technology with the profits derived from the addition of fiber to a brittle cementitious matrix. Steel fibers improve many of the mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) elements including tensile strength, ductility, toughness, energy absorption capacity, and fracture toughness. This paper investigates the bond characteristics between steel fiber and SCC based on the available experimental results. An analytical steel fiber pullout model proposed by Dubey (1999) is modified by considering the different mechanical properties of SCC and different fiber types (smooth, hooked) and in-clination. In order to take into account the effect of the fiber inclination in the pullout model, apparent shear strengths and slip coefficient are incorporated to express the variation of pullout peak load and the augmentation of peak slip as the inclination angle increases. These variables are expressed as functions of the inclination angle.

Aslani, F & Nejadi, S 1970, 'Comparison of the analytical models to determine modulus of rupture of self-compacting concrete and conventional concrete', From Materials To Structures: Advancement Through Innovation - Proceedings Of The 22nd Australasian Conference On The Mechanics Of Structures And Materials, Australasian Conference On The Mechanics Of Structures And Materials, CRC Press, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1105-1112.
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Self-compacting concrete (SCC) can be placed under its own weight with no vibration efforts and is cohesive enough to be handled without segregation and bleeding. Modification in the mix design may have an influence on the materialâs mechanical properties. Therefore, it is important to investigate that whether all of the assumed hypotheses for conventional concrete (CC) to design structures are also valid for SCC structures. Modulus of rupture (MOR) or flexural strength is an indirect measurement of the tensile strength of concrete and is used to predict cracking moment in critical regions in reinforced concrete members. This paper reviews and compares the accuracy of the five models for prediction of MOR for the SCC mixtures and ten models for the CC mixtures. In addition, comparisons are made between the predicted values by MOR models and actual measured flexural strength of about 175 SCC mixtures.

Atabani, AE, Saidur, R, Silitonga, AS & Mahlia, TMI 1970, 'Energy Economical and Environmental Analysis of Industrial Boilers Using VSD', Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2nd International Conference on Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (ICMAE 2011), Trans Tech Publications, Ltd., Bangkok, THAILAND, pp. 3223-3233.
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As a result of the successful implementation of the industrialization plan in 1985; Malaysia has changed from an agricultural economy into industrial based economy. The industrial sector represents the highest consuming sector across all other sectors and accounts for about 48% of all total energy demand. This paper is concerned with an energy saving, economic and environmental analysis of industrial boilers in Malaysia when using variable speed drives (VSD). The results obtained when reducing the speed of water pumps by 60% show that 4 GWh, 93.6% of energy, RM 863,375 and 2,160 ton of CO2 could be saved annually. These results represent high energy saving, environmental and economic benefits associated with this energy saving technology. ABBREVIATIONS

Athab, H, Yazdani, A, Wu, B & Lu, DD-C 1970, 'A single-switch single-stage quasi-active PFC converter with bus voltage following peak input voltage', IECON 2012 - 38th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2012 - 38th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics, IEEE, Montreal, QC, Canada, pp. 3762-3767.
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In this paper a new single-switch quasi- active power factor correction (PFC) converter based on two flyback dc/dc modules is proposed. To achieve high efficiency, part of the input power is directly transferred to the load by dc/dc flyback module 1. The rest of the input power is stored in the dc bus capacitor and reprocessed by a smaller dc/dc flyback module 2. The dc bus capacitor and the dc/dc module 2 also serve as a regenerative snubber. Due to the direct power transfer, lower voltage stress on the dc bus capacitor is achieved. A quasi-active PFC circuit is added to improve the power factor. The quasiactive PFC circuit is driven by a magnetic switch using a third winding coupled to the transformer of the dc/dc module 1. The input current harmonics of the proposed converter can easily meet IEC 61000-3-2 Class D requirements. The dc bus capacitor voltage is always equal the peak input voltage regardless of the load condition. Operating principles, analysis, and simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed converter. © 2012 IEEE.

Atif, A & Richards, D 1970, 'A technology acceptance model for unit guide information systems', Proceedings - Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, PACIS 2012.
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Curriculum mapping is an important task in implementing, embedding and monitoring the knowledge, skills and attributes that graduates must acquire in their program of study. Curriculum mapping ensures correspondence between learning outcomes, learning activities and assessments. To aid in performing this complex task, many higher education institutions are using unit/study guide tools or curriculum mapping tools. These tools may be known under different names in different institutions but we will refer to these tools as unit guide information systems. To evaluate the utilisation and acceptance of these tools, this research-in-progress paper draws on an extensive body of literature related to technology acceptance that includes social cognitive theory and model of PC utilization to explain the influence of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Our research extends the technology acceptance model by incorporating the external variables of self-efficacy, anxiety and social influence. The results are expected to indicate which of the external factors are most important in predicting and explaining attitude and intention to use unit guide information systems.

Atif, A, Busch, P & Richards, D 1970, 'Towards an Ontology-Based Approach to Knowledge Management of Graduate Attributes in Higher Education', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 229-243.
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012. Knowledge around graduate attributes (GAs) is an area in need of knowledge management strategies. GAs are the qualities and skills that a university agrees its students should develop during their time with the institution. The importance of GAs and ensuring they are embedded and assessed is widely accepted across higher education. This research paper uses Grounded Theory and Network Maps to gain insights into the issues of similarities and differences in the discourse around our sample universities. To cover these two perspectives, we had two researchers involved in data analysis, one with the goal of distilling key ideas and identifying similarities and the other with the goal of untangling and drawing out differences. There is no unified taxonomy of managing GAs. The motivation to create such ontology is to push the standardization process that will enable the connection among academic systems and improve educational workflows, communication, and collaboration between universities.

Atif, A, Richards, D & Bilgin, A 1970, 'Estimating non-response bias in a web-based survey of technology acceptance: A case study of unit guide information systems', ACIS 2012 : Proceedings of the 23rd Australasian Conference on Information Systems.
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Surveys are mostly challenged by response rates. Among the various types of survey research, web-based (internet-based/electronic/online) surveys are commonly used for data collection for a geographically diverse population. In surveys with high/low response rates, non-response bias can be a major concern. While it is not always possible to measure the actual bias due to non-response there are different approaches and techniques that help to identify reasons of non-response bias. The aims of this paper are twofold. (1) To provide an appropriate, interesting and important non-response bias case study for future web-based surveys that will provide guidance to other Information Systems researchers. The case-study concerns an online-survey to evaluate a technology acceptance model for Unit Guide Information systems (UGIS). (2) To discuss how nonresponse bias in a web-based technology acceptance study of an information system (UGIS in this case) can be contained and managed. Atif, Richards and Bilgin © 2012.

Atif, A, Richards, D & Bilgin, A 1970, 'Predicting the acceptance of unit guide information systems', ACIS 2012 : Proceedings of the 23rd Australasian Conference on Information Systems.
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Information Systems can play an important role in ensuring and improving the quality of education provided. However, lack of acceptance of these information systems and resistance of technology innovations by the end users limit the expected benefits of the system. This research attempts to identify the key determinants for the acceptance of the Unit Guide Information Systems (UGIS) in the Australian higher education sector. The technology acceptance model (TAM), social cognitive theory (SCT) and model of PC utilization (MPCU) are combined to provide a new framework for this analysis. Results of the study are consistent with the technology acceptance factors for explaining the behavioural intention of the academics. The study also shows the effects of application specific self-efficacy, application specific anxiety and social influence on the acceptance of UGIS. Implications of the results are discussed within the context of unit guides and curriculum mapping. Atif, Richards and Bilgin © 2012.

Azabi, Y, Agrawal, A, Rahman, BMA & Grattan, KTV 1970, 'Residual Dispersion Compensation with a Spiral PCF', Advanced Photonics Congress, Specialty Optical Fibers, OSA.
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Babai, L & Qiao, Y 1970, 'Polynomial-time isomorphism test for groups with abelian Sylow towers', Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics, LIPIcs, Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science, Dagstuhl Publishing, Paris, France, pp. 453-464.
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We consider the problem of testing isomorphism of groups of order n given by Cayley tables. The trivial nlogn bound on the time complexity for the general case has not been improved over the past four decades. Recently, Babai et al. (following Babai et al. in SODA 2011) presented a polynomial-time algorithm for groups without abelian normal subgroups, which suggests solvable groups as the hard case for group isomorphism problem. Extending recent work by Le Gall (STACS 2009) and Qiao et al. (STACS 2011), in this paper we design a polynomial-time algorithm to test isomorphism for the largest class of solvable groups yet, namely groups with abelian Sylow towers, defined as follows. A group G is said to possess a Sylow tower, if there exists a normal series where each quotient is isomorphic to a Sylow subgroup of G. A group has an abelian Sylow tower if it has a Sylow tower and all its Sylow subgroups are abelian. In fact, we are able to compute the coset of isomorphisms of groups formed as coprime extensions of an abelian group, by a group whose automorphism group is known. The mathematical tools required include representation theory, Wedderburn's theorem on semisimple algebras, and M. E. Harris's 1980 work on p'-automorphisms of abelian p-groups. We use tools from the theory of permutation group algorithms, and develop an algorithm for a parameterized version of the graph-isomorphism-hard setwise stabilizer problem, which may be of independent interest. © László Babai and Youming Qiao.

Babai, L, Codenotti, P & Qiao, Y 1970, 'Polynomial-Time Isomorphism Test for Groups with No Abelian Normal Subgroups', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International Colloquium on Automata Languages and Programming, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Warwick, UK, pp. 51-62.
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We consider the problem of testing isomorphism of groups of order n given by Cayley tables. The trivial n logn bound on the time complexity for the general case has not been improved upon over the past four decades. We demonstrate that the obstacle to efficient algorithms is the presence of abelian normal subgroups; we show this by giving a polynomial-time isomorphism test for groups without nontrivial abelian normal subgroups. This concludes a project started by the authors and J. A. Grochow (SODA 2011). Two key new ingredient are: (a) an algorithm to test permutational isomorphism of permutation groups in time, polynomial in the order and simply exponential in the degree; (b) the introduction of the 'twisted code equivalence problem,' a generalization of the classical code equivalence problem by admitting a group action on the alphabet. Both of these problems are of independent interest. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

Bakker, S, van den Hoven, E & Eggen, B 1970, 'FireFlies', Proceedings of the 24th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference, OzCHI '12: The 24th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference, ACM, Melbourne, pp. 26-29.
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Primary school teachers usually perform several tasks simultaneously. Many secondary tasks, such as giving turns or encouraging children to work silently, could be supported by interactive systems, which may lighten the teacher's busy everyday routine. Such systems however, should afford being interacted with while performing another primary task. We call this type of design peripheral interaction design. In this paper we present FireFlies, an open-ended peripheral interaction design developed for primary schools. Preliminary results of a six week deployment of FireFlies in four classrooms, reveal that teachers used FireFlies to perform secondary tasks and saw it as a valuable addition to the classroom. Though different interactions with FireFlies required different levels of effort, teachers could successfully interact with FireFlies during or in between other tasks.

Bakker, S, van den Hoven, E, Eggen, B & Overbeeke, K 1970, 'Exploring peripheral interaction design for primary school teachers', Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded and Embodied Interaction, TEI'12: Sixth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction, ACM, Kingston, Canada, pp. 245-252.
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This paper explores the concept of peripheral interactions; interactions with technology that take place in the background or periphery of the attention. We present two designs for a classroom setting. CawClock makes selected time frames audible in order to provide teachers with awareness of time. NoteLet is designed to support the teacher in observing children's behavior, by enabling him or her to take pictures of the classroom through straightforward interactions on a bracelet. A qualitative, two-week exploration of both systems in a classroom revealed that the soundscapes of CawClock indeed shifted to the periphery of the attention and supported the teacher's time awareness. The actions with NoteLet did not shift to the periphery. However, the tangible aspects of NoteLet seemed to facilitate the interaction to be quick and simple, which may indicate that it could shift to the periphery with more practice. Tangible interaction therefore seems a promising interaction style for this purpose.

Ball, JE, Babister, M & Retallick, ME 1970, 'The Design Flood Problem in Changing Climates', Water and Climate: Policy Implementation Challenges, Water and Climate: Policy Implementation Challenges, Engineers Australia, Canberra, Australia, pp. 1-8.
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While previous editions of ARR have served the engineering profession well, a number of issues have necessitated the production of a new edition. These issues include the many recent developments in knowledge regarding rainfall-runoff processes, the increased computational capacity available to engineering hydrologists, and the rapidly expanding body of information about climate change. As part of the development of the new edition, it has been necessary to review methods used and the implications of assumptions necessary for implementation of these methods. Arising from this review, a way forward for design flood estimation in Australia has been proposed that addresses many of the simplifying assumptions inherent in past methods and enables the inclusion of the hydrological impacts of changing climates which include changing rainfall characteristics, changing catchment vegetation, and changing catchment geomorphology. This new vision for design flood estimation will be incorporated in the new edition of ARR.

Banasiak, L & Indraratna, B 1970, 'Performance Monitoring of a Permeable Reactive Barrier (PRB) for the Remediation of Acidic Groundwater in Acid Sulfate Soil (ASS) Terrain', Proceedings of the International Conference on Ground Improvement & Ground Control, International Conference on Ground Improvement & Ground Control, Research Publishing Services.
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Banasiak, L & Indraratna, B 1970, 'Permeable Reactive Barrier (PRB) Technology: An Innovative Solution for the Remediation of Acidic Groundwater from Acid Sulphate Soil (ASS) Terrain', GeoCongress 2012, GeoCongress 2012, American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 3523-3532.
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The remediation of acidic groundwater contaminated with potentially toxic metals such as aluminium (Al) and iron (Fe) resulting from the oxidation of sulphidic materials in acid sulphate soils (ASSs) is a challenging geo-environmental problem that requires innovative engineering solutions. In low-lying coastal floodplains, the remediation strategies of groundwater manipulation (e.g. fixed-level weirs) and tidal buffering (e.g. two-way modified floodgates) are not feasible due to the risk of flooding during heavy rainfall events and their inability to prevent pyritic oxidation. In view of this in 2006, the first pilot subsurface permeable reactive barrier (PRB) using recycled concrete for the remediation of acidic groundwater (- pH 3) was employed in ASS terrain in southeast New South Wales, Australia. While monitoring has confirmed the PRB has successfully neutralized the acidic groundwater to - pH 7.3 and removed - 95% of Al and Fe, this technology is not without its challenges. These have included the: (1) selection of the appropriate reactive material; (2) elucidation of the mechanisms involved in the neutralization of the acidic groundwater; (3) chemical armouring and possible clogging of the recycled concrete by Al and Fe oxy/hydroxide precipitates; and (4) thus, uncertainty regarding the longevity of the PRB. This paper will present details on the screening process of reactive materials, the installation of the PRB, the column experiments simulating the flow of acidic groundwater through the PRB for the determination of the predominant neutralization reactions occurring within the PRB, the long-term performance of the PRB and the current research strategy for determining its longevity. © 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers.

Banasiak, L, Pathirage, P & Indraratna, B 1970, 'Modeling of Chemical Armoring in a Permeable Reactive Barrier (PRB) in Acid Sulfate Soil (ASS) Terrain', Proceedings of the International Conference on Ground Improvement & Ground Control, International Conference on Ground Improvement & Ground Control, Research Publishing Services.
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Bang Zhang, Yang Wang & Wei Wang 1970, 'Batch mode active learning for multi-label image classification with informative label correlation mining', 2012 IEEE Workshop on the Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), 2012 IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), IEEE, pp. 401-407.
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The performances of supervised learning techniques on image classification problems heavily rely on the quality of their training images. But the acquisition of high quality training images requires significant efforts from human annotators. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-label batch model active learning (MLBAL) approach that allows the learning algorithm to actively select a batch of informative example-label pairs from which it learns at each learning iteration, so as to learn accurate classifiers with less annotation efforts. Unlike existing methods, the proposed approach fines the active selection granularity from example to example-label pair, and takes into account the informative label correlations for active learning. And the empirical studies demonstrate its effectiveness. © 2012 IEEE.

Bang Zhang, Yang Wang & Wei Wang 1970, 'Multiple-Instance learning from multiple perspectives: Combining models for Multiple-Instance learning', 2012 IEEE Workshop on the Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), 2012 IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), IEEE, pp. 481-487.
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Multiple-Instance learning (MIL), which relaxes training annotation granularity from instance level to instance collection (bag) level by applying bag concept, obtains increasing attentions from computer vision community. Due to its flexible annotation mechanism, MIL has been naturally utilized on a variety of computer vision problems. And numerous models have been proposed, each of which is ingeniously designed to catch certain characteristics of MIL. However different models only perform well on certain tasks, and further improvement can hardly be achieved. © 2012 IEEE.

Bano, V, Vivas, J, Rodriguez, S & Crews, K 1970, 'Numerical and experimental analysis of the vertical vibrations on several designs of timber footbridges', World Conference on Timber Engineering 2012, WCTE 2012, pp. 101-105.
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Numerical and experimental vertical natural frequencies of simply-supported, two hinged arch and trass timber footbridges were analyzed. The footbridges were designed la con form to Ivuroeode 5 and each typology presented different spans (12,27 and 14 m, respectively). The theoretical values of natural frequency for different mode shapes were calculated using a numerical model. The experimental modal parameters were then measured using accelerometers attached underneath the bridge girders and the impact was induced by hitting with an instrumented impact hammer. The results of the acceleration vvere measured at five points on each girder, in order to obtain the first and second modal shape in bending and in torsion. The experimental results obtained for first bending modal shape (9,9, 6.4 and 7.3 Ik, respectively) and first torsion modal shape (12.8, 6.9 and 15.7 Hz. respectively) presented no risk of resonance according to Spanish regulations (IAP 201I). Furthermore, the relationship between experimental results and numerical simulation vvere analyzed. Once the numerical model was validated, new footbridges vvere designed based on one typology to study the effect of span on natural frequency. The paper also presents a frequency range classification corresponding to the risk of resonance due to pedestrian loading. Copyright © (2012) by WCTE 2012 Committee.

Bargi, A, Da Xu, RY & Piccardi, M 1970, 'An online HDP-HMM for joint action segmentation and classification in motion capture data', 2012 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops, 2012 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPR Workshops), IEEE, Providence RI, USA, pp. 1-7.
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Since its inception, action recognition research has mainly focused on recognizing actions from closed, predefined sets of classes. Conversely, the problem of recognizing actions from open, possibly incremental sets of classes is still largely unexplored. In this paper, we propose a novel online method based on the âsticky❠hierarchical Dirichlet process and the hidden Markov model [11, 5]. This approach, labelled as the online HDP-HMM, provides joint segmentation and classification of actions while a) processing the data in an online, recursive manner, b) discovering new classes as they occur, and c) adjusting its parameters over the streaming data. In a set of experiments, we have applied the online HDP-HMM to recognize actions from motion capture data from the TUM kitchen dataset, a challenging dataset of manipulation actions in a kitchen [12]. The results show significant accuracy in action classification, time segmentation and determination of the number of action classes

Batool, U, Rehman, A, Khalil, N, Islam, M, Afzal, MU & Tauqeer, T 1970, 'Energy extraction from RF/ Microwave signal', 2012 15th International Multitopic Conference (INMIC), 2012 15th International Multitopic Conference (INMIC), IEEE, Riphah Int Univ, Islamabad, PAKISTAN, pp. 165-170.
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Bernardo, DV & Hoang, DB 1970, 'Compositional Logic for Proof of Correctness of Proposed UDT Security Mechanisms', 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED INFORMATION NETWORKING AND APPLICATIONS (AINA), International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (was ICOIN), IEEE, Fukuoka, Japan, pp. 686-694.
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We present an approach to analyze the applicability and secrecy properties of the selected security mechanisms when implemented with UDT. This approach extends applicability refinement methodology with symbolic model in UDT implementations. In our approach, we carry out a formal proof of correctness, therefore, determining applicability, using formal composition logic. This approach is modular, comprising a separate proof of each protocol section and providing insight into the network environment in which each section can be reliably employed. Moreover, the proof holds for a variety of failure recovery strategies and other implementation and configuration options. We derive our technique from the protocol composite logic on TLS and Kerberos in the literature. We, maintain, however, the novelty of our work for UDT specifically our newly developed mechanisms such as UDT-AO, UDT-DTLS, UDT-Kerberos(GSS-API) specifically for UDT.

Bernardo, DV & Hoang, DB 1970, 'Symbolic Analysis of the Proposed UDT Security Architecture', 2012 26th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops, 2012 IEEE Workshops of International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (WAINA), IEEE, Fukuoka, Japan, pp. 171-176.
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In this paper, we analyze our UDT security architecture using rewrite based systems and automata. We present and use symbolic analysis approach to effectively verify our proposed architecture. This approach allows dataflow replication in the implementation of selected mechanisms integrated into the proposed architecture. We consider this approach effective by utilizing the properties of the rewrite systems to represent specific flows of the architecture to present a theoretical and reliable method to perform the analysis. We introduce abstract representation of the components that composes the architecture and conduct our analysis, through structural, semantics and query analyses. The result of this work, which is first in the literature, is a more robust theoretical and practical representation of a viable security architecture of UDT that is applicable to other high speed network protocols

Biesecker, M, Erion, R, Hay, CH, Henebry, GM, Johnston, CA, Kjaersgaard, JH, Shmagin, BA, Van Der Sluis, E, Capehart, W, Kirilenko, AE, Krakauer, NY, Sweeney, M & Voinov, AA 1970, 'UNCERTAINTY OF HYDROLOGIC EVENTS UNDER SOUTH DAKOTA'S CHANGING CONDITIONS: A RESEARCH AGENDA', PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOUTH DAKOTA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE, VOL 91, 97th Annual Meeting of the South-Dakota-Academy-of-Science, SOUTH DAKOTA ACAD SCIENCE, Univ S Dakota, Muenster Univ Ctr, Vermillion, SD, pp. 257-259.

Bin Ahmad, MR, Mohd Esa, MR, Cooray, V & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'Performance analysis of audio streaming over lightning-interfered MIMO channels', 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia, pp. 513-518.
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This paper evaluates the interference from lightning flashes on the quality of audio streaming transmission over MIMO wireless system operating at 2.4 GHz. A consecutive lost datagram (CLD) measurement method was used to evaluate the transmission quality during 3 heavy thunderstorms on January 25, March 17, and March 20, 2011. In addition, CLD measurements also were done on January 21 and March 30, 2011 under fair weather (FW) conditions providing a baseline for comparison. We infer that lightning interfered with the transmitted digital pulses which resulted in a higher recorded number of lost packets per burst. We found the audio streaming quality is degraded significantly during all thunderstorms. © 2012 IEEE.

Blumenstein, M, Pal, U & Uchida, S 1970, 'Message from General Chair and Program Chairs', 2012 10th IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems, 2012 10th IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems (DAS), IEEE.
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Bo Rong, Yin Xu, Yiyan Wu, Gagnon, G, Bo Liu, Lin Gui & Wenjun Zhang 1970, 'Exploring controllable deterministic bits for LDPC iterative decoding in WiMAX networks', 2012 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), GLOBECOM 2012 - 2012 IEEE Global Communications Conference, IEEE, Anaheim, CA, pp. 4018-4023.
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Braun, R & Chaczko, Z 1970, 'Multi-dimensional Information Space View of Wireless Sensor Networks with Optimization Applications', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International Conference on Computer Aided Systems Theory (EUROCAST), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, pp. 146-152.
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This paper presents an optimization example using a new paradigm for viewing the work of Wireless Sensor Networks. In our earlier paper [1] the Observed Field (OF) is described as a multi-dimensional 'Information Space' (ISp). The Wireless Sensor Network is described as a 'Transformation Space' (TS), while the information collector is a single point consumer of information, described as an 'Information Sink' (ISi). Formal mathematical descriptions were suggested for the OF and the ISp. We showed how the TS can be formally thought of as a multi-dimensional transform function between ISp and ISi. It can be aggregated into a notional multi-dimensional value between {0,1}. In this paper, this formal mathematical description is used to create a genetic algorithm based optimization strategy for creating routes through the TS, using a cost function based on mutual information. The example uses a connectivity array, a mutual information array and the PBIL algorithm. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

Braun, R, Chaczko, Z, Neilson, M & Aslanzadeh, S 1970, 'A practical approach for redesigning system engineering processes', 2012 International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET), 2012 11th International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET), IEEE, Istanbul, pp. 1-8.
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This paper describes the methodology of applying Business Process Reengineering and Total Quality Management principles to a model a telecommunications service and infrastructure provider company. By applying these principles to existing processes this paper aims to provide redefined and reengineered processes for consideration of implementation into the company's business model. The processes that this paper is focusing on are purely engineering based processes and as such, do not represent, change or consider processes outside of the engineering department. The overall aim of this paper is to demonstrate a typical use of methodology and ICT tools that can be used for training students in the improvement of engineering processes and to enable them to design a more streamlined and productive work environment. © 2012 IEEE.

Brennan, J, Heilmann, A & Pundt, H 1970, 'An information systems approach to developing adaptation strategies', Proceedings of the European, Mediterranean and Middle Eastern Conference on Information Systems, EMCIS 2012, European, Mediterranean and Middle Eastern Conference on Information Systems, ISEing, Munich, Germany, pp. 231-241.
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The aim of this paper is to develop an Information Systems approach that helps overcome the limitations of self-organised networks and enables coordination amongst its stakeholders. Developing Climate Change Adaptation Strategies (CCAS) often involves loosely connected stakeholders, which in turn results in a largely self-organised network. This is in stark contrast to Romsdahl's findings that the development of CCAS requires coordinated networks. In want for an appropriate means to coordinate the work of mainly self-organised networks; networked enterprises are examined to transfer its techniques into the CCAS domain. Workspaces and Portals are discussed and their potential role as an Environmental Information System (EIS) demonstrated. A case study on CCAS Regional Development is outlined to illustrate the concepts introduced.

Bressan, N, James, A & McGregor, C 1970, 'Trends and opportunities for integrated real time neonatal clinical decision support', Proceedings of 2012 IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics, 2012 IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI), IEEE, pp. 687-690.
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Neonatal Intensive Care Unit maintain and support life during the critical period of premature development. This research presents the challenges, trends and opportunities for integrated real time neonatal clinical decision support. We demonstrated this potential using environment known as Artemis, a clinical decision support system. A review of the current devices in the intensive care unit and neonatal practice shows the current environment and our perspective for the future of the neonatal clinical decision support. The study demonstrates that Artemis will be able to incorporate new data streams from infusion pumps, EEG monitors and cerebral oxygenation monitors innovating the practice and improving the clinical support. © 2012 IEEE.

Bródka, P, Skibicki, K, Kazienko, P & Musiał, K 1970, 'A degree centrality in multi-layered social network', Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Computational Aspects of Social Networks, CASoN'11, pp. 237-242.
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Multi-layered social networks reflect complex relationships existing inmodern interconnected IT systems. In such a network each pair of nodes may belinked by many edges that correspond to different communication orcollaboration user activities. Multi-layered degree centrality formulti-layered social networks is presented in the paper. Experimental studieswere carried out on data collected from the real Web 2.0 site. Themulti-layered social network extracted from this data consists of ten distinctlayers and the network analysis was performed for different degree centralitiesmeasures.

Bu, G, Lee, J, Guan, H, Blumenstein, M & Loo, Y-C 1970, 'Performance Prediction of Concrete Elements in Bridge Substructures using Integrated Deterioration Method', IABSE Congress Reports, IABSE Congress, Seoul 2012: Innovative Infrastructures – Towards Human Urbanism, International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE).
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<p>The typical probabilistic deterioration model cannot guarantee a reliable long-term prediction for various situations of available condition data. To minimise this limitation, this paper presents an advanced integrated method using state-/time-based model to build a reliable transition probability for prediction long-term performance of bridge elements. A selection process is developed in this method to automatically select a suitable prediction approach for a given situations of condition data. Furthermore, a Backward Prediction Model (BPM) is employed to effectively prediction the bridge performance when the inspection data are insufficient. In this study, a benchmark example- concrete element in bridge substructures is selected to demonstrate that the BPM in conjunction with time-based model can improve the reliability of long-term prediction.</p>

Bücker, D & Deuse, J 1970, 'Concept of Energy-Efficient Job Sequencing for Heat Treatment Processes', Leveraging Technology for a Sustainable World - Proceedings of the 19th CIRP Conference on Life Cycle Engineering, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 417-421.
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Production planning and control systems offer solutions to solving job sequencing problems regarding main production goals like on-time delivery, short lead time, low costs, high capacity utilization, low inventory or high flexibility. The job sequence also influences a system's energy consumption. Therefore, and because of rising energy prices and ecological requirements, energy consumption plays an increasing role, especially in energy-intensive industries. In steel production, high energy demand is mainly caused by heating, cooling and reheating processes. The authors distinguish between necessary and avoidable energy consumption with regard to cooling and reheating processes among hot rolling and heat treatment.

Budka, M, Musial, K & Juszczyszyn, K 1970, 'Predicting the Evolution of Social Networks: Optimal Time Window Size for Increased Accuracy', 2012 International Conference on Privacy, Security, Risk and Trust and 2012 International Confernece on Social Computing, 2012 International Conference on Privacy, Security, Risk and Trust (PASSAT), IEEE, pp. 21-30.
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This study investigates the data preparation process for predictive modelling of the evolution of complex networked systems, using an e - mail based social network as an example. In particular, we focus on the selection of optimal time window size for building a time series of network snapshots, which forms the input of chosen predictive models. We formulate this issue as a constrained multi - objective optimization problem, where the constraints are specific to a particular application and predictive algorithm used. The optimization process is guided by the proposed Windows Incoherence Measures, defined as averaged Jensen-Shannon divergences between distributions of a range of network characteristics for the individual time windows and the network covering the whole considered period of time. The experiments demonstrate that the informed choice of window size according to the proposed approach allows to boost the prediction accuracy of all examined prediction algorithms, and can also be used for optimally defining the prediction problems if some flexibility in their definition is allowed. © 2012 IEEE.

Bui, DT, Pradhan, B, Lofman, O, Revhaug, I & Dick, OB 1970, 'Landslide Susceptibility Assessment at Hoa Binh Province of Vietnam Using Frequency Ratio Model', 2012 Asia Pacific Conference on Environmental Science and Technology. Advances in Biomedical Engineering, p. 476.

Burdon, SW, Al-Kilidar, H & Courtney, N 1970, 'Developing a Management Enterprise Model for Sustainable Organisational Innovation Publication', The XX111 International Society for Professional Innovation Management conference, International Society for Professional Innovation Management conference, The International Society for Professional Innovation Management Ltd, Barcelona.

Burnett, I 1970, 'Welcome message from the general chair', 2012 Fourth International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience, 2012 Fourth International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX 2012), IEEE.
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Cai, H, Liu, B, Gui, L & Wu, M-Y 1970, 'Neighbor discovery algorithms in wireless networks using directional antennas', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), ICC 2012 - 2012 IEEE International Conference on Communications, IEEE, pp. 767-772.
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Directional antennas provide great performance improvement for wireless networks, such as increased network capacity and reduced energy consumption. Nonetheless new media access and routing protocols are required to control the directional antenna system. One of the most important protocols is neighbor discovery, which is aiming at setting up links between nodes and their neighbors. In the past few years, a number of algorithms have been proposed for neighbor discovery with directional antennas. However, most of them cannot work efficiently when taking into account the collision case that more than one node exist in one directional beam. For practical considerations, we propose a new neighbor discovery algorithm to overcome this shortcoming. Moreover, we present a novel and practical mathematical model to analyze the performance of neighbor discovery algorithms considering collision effects. Numerical results clearly show our new algorithm always requires less time to discover the whole neighbors than previous ones. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first complete, practical analytical model that incorporates directional neighbor discovery algorithms. © 2012 IEEE.

Cantoni, A, Jian Zhang, Huang, X & Guo, YJ 1970, 'Sidelobe suppression with orthogonal projection for OFDM systems', 2012 Australian Communications Theory Workshop (AusCTW), 2012 Australian Communications Theory Workshop (AusCTW), IEEE, Wellington, New Zealand, pp. 37-42.
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Sidelobe suppression, or out-of-band emission reduction, in OFDM systems can be achieved via time-domain windowing but this may result in significantly reduced spectrum efficiency. Alternatively, sidelobe cancellation and signal predistortion techniques have been proposed for spectrum shaping, but schemes achieving a good balance between complexity and performance are yet to be developed. In this paper, an efficient and low-complexity technique referred to as 'sidelobe suppression with orthogonal projection' (SSOP) scheme is proposed. An analysis of the SNR performance and robustness characteristics of the proposed technique are also presented. Numerical results show that significant sidelobe suppression can be readily achieved with slight receiver performance degradation. © 2012 IEEE.

Carlin, AM, Grassman, TJ, Brenner, MR, Grandal, J, Ratcliff, C, Yang, L, Mills, M, Sharma, P, Fitzgerald, EA & Ringel, SA 1970, 'Lattice-matched GaP/SiGe virtual substrates for low-dislocation density GaInP/GaAsP/Si solar cells', 2012 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 2012 IEEE 38th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), IEEE.
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Carlin, AM, Grassman, TJ, Brenner, MR, Grandal, J, Ratcliff, C, Yang, L, Mills, M, Sharma, P, Fitzgerald, EA & Ringel, SA 1970, 'Lattice-Matched GaP/SiGe Virtual Substrates for Low-Dislocation Density GaInP/GaAsP/Si Solar Cells', 2012 38TH IEEE PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC), 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), IEEE, TX, Austin, pp. 918-921.

Carmichael, MG & Dikai Liu 1970, 'A task description model for robotic rehabilitation', 2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2012 34th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), IEEE, San Diego, CA, pp. 3086-3089.
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The desire to produce robots to aid in physical neurorehabilitation has led to the control paradigm Assistance-As-Needed. This paradigm aims to assist patients in performing physical rehabilitation tasks whilst providing the least amount of assistance required, maximizing the patient's effort which is essential for recovery. Ideally the provided assistance equals the gap between the capability required to perform the task and the patient's available capability. Current implementations derive a measure of this gap by critiquing task performance based on some criteria. This paper presents a task description model for tasks performed by a patient's limb, allowing physical requirements to be calculated. Applied to two upper limb tasks typical of rehabilitation and daily activities, the effect of task variations on the task's physical requirements are observed. It is proposed that using the task description model to compensate for changing task requirements will allow better support by providing assistance closer to the true needs of the patient. © 2012 IEEE.

Cetindamar, D & Kozanoglu, H 1970, 'Competitiveness of Turkish hidden champions', 2012 Proceedings of Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology: Technology Management for Emerging Technologies, PICMET'12, Conference of PICMET - Technology Management for Emerging Technologies (PICMET), IEEE, Vancouver, CANADA, pp. 2072-2077.
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Understanding the competitive power of small and medium sized firms in emerging economies is a challenging task. This paper aims to analyze internationally successful small and medium sized firms that are so called hidden champions of emerging economies in the same way as they appear in advanced countries such as Germany and Austria. The analysis will shed some light to what makes these hidden champions so competitive in international markets. Knowing that developing country firms struggle to overcome the country-of-origin effects arising from the consumer perceptions on the country products/services, observing the successful practices might help to understand their strategies in overcoming these effects. The assessment of company practices in terms of competition is carried out by using a comprehensive model where the assessment of firm competitiveness is carried out through the outcome/performance of competition (i.e. output), assets/factors (i.e. input) and processes that turn the assets/factors into actual performance. The paper conducts a case study by concentrating in one emerging economy: Turkey. The in-depth analysis of 10 companies by using the firm competitiveness assessment model helps to identify some innovative ways of overcoming the country-of-origin effects. The paper ends with some managerial and policy implications. © 2012 IEEE.

Chaczko, Z & Szymanski, J 1970, 'Teaching multidisciplinary engineering using concepts and technology of WSN', 2012 International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET), 2012 11th International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET), IEEE, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 1-7.
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Topic(s) : Communication, Networking & Broadcasting ; Computing & Processing (Hardware/Software) ; General Topics for Engineers (Math, Science & Engineering) Conference Location : Istanbul Print ISBN: 978-1-4673-2332-1 INSPEC Accession Number: 12882984 Digital Object Identifier : 10.1109/ITHET.2012.6246055 Date of Current Version : 23 July 2012 Issue Date : 21-23 June 2012

Chaczko, Z, Klempous, R, Nikodem, J & Aslanzadeh, S 1970, 'Group-work teaching and learning involving 3 Time Zones (3TZ) model of collaboration in the global workspace', 2012 International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET), 2012 11th International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET), IEEE, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 1-7.
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This paper discusses concepts of group-work teaching and learning of practice based subjects within ICT engineering programs using 3 Time Zones (3TZ) collaborative, global workspace environment. The methodology intends to explore and evaluate a new collaborative framework for teaching system analysis and design, as well as software engineering in higher education, using new convergent technologies. The project is compatible with a model of teaching and learning that involves a blend of three interrelated features: an integrated exposure to professional practice and multidisciplinary skills, a practice situated in a global environment, as well as a research inspired and integrated learning. © 2012 IEEE.

Chai, R, Hunter, GP, Ling, SH & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Real-Time Microcontroller based Brain Computer Interface for Mental Task Classifications using Wireless EEG Signals from Two Channels', Biomedical Engineering / 765: Telehealth / 766: Assistive Technologies, Biomedical Engineering, ACTAPRESS, Innsbruck, Austria, pp. 336-342.
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A brain computer interface (BCI) using electroencephalography (EEG) to measure brain activities could provide severely disabled people with alternative means of control and communication. In a practical system, portability, low power and real-time operation are the keys requirements. This could be accomplished by using an embedded microcontroller based system. The main contribution of this paper shows the development of a real-time BCI prototype system to classify groups of mental tasks based on such a system. The relevant mental tasks used are mental arithmetic, figure rotation, letter composing, visual counting and eyes closed action. Moreover, the system uses a separate two channels only wireless EEG measurement module with the active positions at parietal and occipital lobes. The result shows the wireless EEG module has a good performance with a CMRR of more than 95dB. In addition, the size of the module is small (36×36 mm 2) and current consumption is low enough to operate off a 3V coin cell battery. The mental tasks were classified using a feed-forward back-propagation artificial neural network (ANN) trained with the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. An accuracy of around 70% was achieved with bit rate at around 0.4 bits/trial for six subjects tested to select between three separate mental tasks.

Chai, R, Ling, SH, Hunter, GP, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'Mental Non-motor Imagery Tasks Classifications of Brain Computer Interface for Wheelchair Commands Using Genetic Algorithm-Based Neural Network', 2012 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS (IJCNN), IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, IEEE, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 978-984.
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A genetic algorithm (GA)-based neural network classification in the application of brain computer interface (BCI) for controlling a wheelchair is presented in this paper. This study uses an electroencephalography (EEG) as a non-invasive BCI approach to discriminate three non-motor imagery mental tasks for disabled individuals who may have difficulty in using BCI based motor imagery tasks. The three tasks classification is mapped into three wheelchair movements: left, right and forward and the relevant combination mental tasks used in this study are mental arithmetic, letter composing, Rubik's cube rolling, visual counting, ringtone imagery and spatial navigation. The results show the proposed system provides good classification performance after selecting the most effective of three discriminative tasks across combination of the different non-motor imagery mental tasks for the five subjects tested. The average classification accuracy is between 76% and 85 %, with information transfer rates varies from 0.5 to 0.8 bits per trial.

Chai, R, Ling, SH, Hunter, GP, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'Mental Task Classifications using Prefrontal Cortex Electroencephalograph Signals', 2012 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC), International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE Xplore, San Diego, CA, USA, pp. 1831-1834.
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For an electroencephalograph (EEG)-based brain computer interface (BCI) application, the use of gel on the hair area of the scalp is needed for low impedance electrical contact. This causes the set up procedure to be time consuming and inconvenient for a practical BCI system. Moreover, studies of other cortical areas are useful for BCI development. As a more convenient alternative, this paper presents the EEG based-BCI using the prefrontal cortex non-hair area to classify mental tasks at three electrodes position: Fp1, Fpz and Fp2. The relevant mental tasks used are mental arithmetic, ringtone, finger tapping and words composition with additional tasks which are baseline and eyes closed. The feature extraction is based on the Hilbert Huang Transform (HHT) energy method and the classification algorithm is based on an artificial neural network (ANN) with genetic algorithm (GA) optimization. The results show that the dominant alpha wave during eyes closed can still clearly be detected in the prefrontal cortex. The classification accuracy for five subjects, mental tasks vs. baseline task resulted in average accuracy is 73% and the average accuracy for pairs of mental task combinations is 72%. © 2012 IEEE.

Chai, R, Ling, SH, Hunter, GP, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'Toward Fewer EEG Channels and Better Feature Extractor of Non-Motor Imagery Mental Tasks Classification for a Wheelchair Thought Controller', 2012 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC), International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE Xplore, San Diego, CA, USA, pp. 5266-5269.
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This paper presents a non-motor imagery tasks classification electroencephalography (EEG) based brain computer interface (BCI) for wheelchair control. It uses only two EEG channels and a better feature extractor to improve the portability and accuracy in the practical system. In addition, two different features extraction methods, power spectral density (PSD) and Hilbert Huang Transform (HHT) energy are compared to find a better method with improved classification accuracy using a Genetic Algorithm (GA) based neural network classifier. The results from five subjects show that using the original eight channels with three tasks, accuracy between 76% and 85% is achieved. With only two channels in combination with the best chosen task using a PSD feature extractor, the accuracy is reduced to between 65% and 79%. However, the HHT based method provides an improved accuracy between 70% and 84% for the classification of three discriminative tasks using two EEG channels. © 2012 IEEE.

Chaiwongsai, J, Chiracharit, W, Chamnongthai, K, Miyanaga, Y & Higuchi, K 1970, 'Reduced complexity tone classifier for automatic tonal speech recognizer', 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE.
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Chakraborty, S & Yeh, C-H 1970, 'Comparison Based Group Ranking Outcome for Multiattribute Group Decisions', 2012 UKSim 14th International Conference on Computer Modelling and Simulation, 2012 UKSim 14th International Conference on Computer Modelling and Simulation (UKSim), IEEE, pp. 324-327.
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A novel group consensus methodology for group ranking problems is presented in this paper. The method considers all the possible ranking outcomes for a given set of decision alternatives. Decision makers are given the freedom to provide their own ranking outcomes using their chosen ranking methods. Spearman's rank correlation is then used to calculate the overall similarity for each of the possible ranking outcomes. The overall similarity for each ranking outcome in the solution space is calculated using its similarities to the ranking outcomes given by the decision makers. The ranking outcome in the solution space which is most similar to the decision makers ranking outcomes is the most preferred one by the group. © 2012 IEEE.

Chakraborty, S & Yeh, C-H 1970, 'Rank similarity based MADM method selection', 2012 International Conference on Statistics in Science, Business and Engineering (ICSSBE), 2012 International Conference on Statistics in Science, Business and Engineering (ICSSBE2012), IEEE, pp. 353-358.
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Selecting the most suitable Multiple Attribute Decision Making (MADM) method for a given MADM problem is a challenge for the decision maker. When there are several suitable MADM methods available for the problem, the challenge is even greater. We present a novel MADM method selection approach based on the Spearman's rank correlation. The approach will help the decision maker in selecting the most preferred MADM method from a set of suitable and acceptable methods. The most preferred MADM method is the one that produces the most preferred outcome. The most preferred outcome is the one which is closest to all other outcomes. The closeness between the ranking outcomes are measured in terms of the similarity between them. © 2012 IEEE.

Chandran, D & Gowda, SK 1970, 'Adoption of cloud computing in outsourcing: A new model', Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference Information Systems 2012, IS 2012, International Association for Developement of the Information Society (IADIS) Conference, IADIS Press, Berlin, Germany, pp. 388-392.
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The authors have discussed the evolution of computer manufacturing industry from the traditional model to the current lean and just-in-time manufacturing model. Information technology is outsourced to reduce cost. The outsourcing model evolution is influenced by technology changes. The paper gives an overview of cloud computing, the current outsourcing model and relates the transformation of computer manufacturing to transformation of the emerging outsourcing model due to cloud computing. The proposed outsourcing model based on cloud computing is discussed.

Chandran, D & KempeGowda, S 1970, 'COMPATIBILITY OF ALIGNING E-LEARNING WITH EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES', EDULEARN12: 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EDUCATION AND NEW LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES, 4th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies (EDULEARN), IATED-INT ASSOC TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION A& DEVELOPMENT, Barcelona, SPAIN, pp. 4604-4610.
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Technological innovation has given access to information anytime anywhere through various hand held devices. The content type has evolved from plain text to rich media. Content delivery is based on the user preference and their likings. Technology has also changed the job requirements, with relevant skills based on emerging technologies. Students and professionals need to acquire required skills that are relevant to the industry. Educational institutions will have to address the required training needs for specific job skills. Need arises to identify the use of emerging technologies in the digital economy. In this paper, the authors discuss e-learning based on industry needs using emerging technologies such as mobile, cloud, social media and business process management (BPM) tools. It further discusses the adoption of technological innovation, and how BPM tools can give more flexibility to change the delivery model, in turn change the learning pattern of students. A delivery model integrated with Social media, BPM tools hosted on portal server deployed on Cloud infrastructure accessible from internet browser and mobile devices is proposed.

Chandran, D & KempeGowda, S 1970, 'Transforming the educational system for the digital economy', Innovation and Sustainable Competitive Advantage: From Regional Development to World Economies - Proceedings of the 18th International Business Information Management Association Conference, International Business Information Management, IBIMA, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 714-720.
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The current educational system is demand driven. Students need to be trained with relevant skillswhich will help them to connect to jobs. There is a need for educational reform to achieve certainlevel of attainment. The delivery of courses online is becoming common with many educationalinstitutions. Adoption of social media has changed the learning pattern of students. The current elearningmodel needs to be changed to incorporate new technological developments. Though thedelivery of courses on line is becoming popular, from the learners' point of view, the curriculum in elearningmust help in developing the required training needs for specific job skills. Need arises toidentify skills and qualifications required for jobs in the new economy. In this paper, the authorsdiscuss e-learning based on industry needs using emerging technologies such as mobile, cloud andbusiness process management (BPM) tools. It further discusses the adoption of technologicalinnovation, and how BPM tools can give more flexibility to change the delivery model, in turnchange the learning pattern of students. A delivery model integrated with BPM tools is proposed.

Che, E, Tuan, HD & Nguyen, HH 1970, 'Relay selection in multi-user amplify-forward wireless relay networks', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), ICASSP 2012 - 2012 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, IEEE, Kyoto, Japan, pp. 2485-2488.
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For multi-user (MU) amplify-and-forward (AF) cooperative networks, their spectral efficiency can be upgraded within the orthogonal transmission of each source node to an assigned subset of all available relays while their information throughput can be improved through optimized power allocation. We consider the joint optimization in both relay assignment for each source-destination pair and power allocation, which is in fact among the hardest problems in optimization. This is the minimization of a nonconvex objective function subject to mixed integer constraints. The existing numerical algorithms could rarely address to its solutions through computationally affordable procedures. Even the conventional relaxation of the integer constraints by linear constraints does not lead to convex optimization, so the standard convexification does not work either. Nevertheless, we show that it can be effectively solved in the d.c. (difference of two convex) programming context. Numerical simulation confirms the effectiveness of our setting.

Che, E, Tuan, HD, Kha, HH & Ngo, HQ 1970, 'Bregman divergence based sensor selections for spectrum sensing', 2012 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), 2012 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 2648-2652.
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Sensor selection is to pick out an appropriate subset of active sensors for reliable collaborative sensing. Naturally, the selected sensors should be as uncorrelated as possible to have more independent sensing outputs for information fusion. In this paper, various uncorrelation metrics are unified by the concept of Bregman divergence. The sensor selections are then systematically formulated as NP-hard integer programs. Unlike commonly used exhaustive enumeration, heuristic searches or simple relaxation of discrete constraints with inherent drawbacks, this paper recasts them into a continuous d.c. (difference of two convex functions) program under convex constraints. Accordingly, an efficient iterative optimization procedure is tailored for locating the optimal solution. Simulation results show its superior performances in comparison with other existing sensor selections. © 2012 IEEE.

Chen, L & Hoang, DB 1970, 'Active data-centric framework for data protection in cloud environment', ACIS 2012 : Proceedings of the 23rd Australasian Conference on Information Systems, Australasian Conference on Information Systems, ACIS, Geelong, Vic., pp. 1-11.
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Cloud computing is an emerging evolutionary computing model that provides highly scalable services over highspeed Internet on a pay-as-usage model. However, cloud-based solutions still have not been widely deployed in some sensitive areas, such as banking and healthcare. The lack of widespread development is related to users' concern that their confidential data or privacy would leak out in the cloud's outsourced environment. To address this problem, we propose a novel active data-centric framework to ultimately improve the transparency and accountability of actual usage of the users' data in cloud. Our data-centric framework emphasizes 'active' feature which packages the raw data with active properties that enforce data usage with active defending and protection capability. To achieve the active scheme, we devise the Triggerable Data File Structure (TDFS). Moreover, we employ the zero-knowledge proof scheme to verify the request's identification without revealing any vital information. Our experimental outcomes demonstrate the efficiency, dependability, and scalability of our framework. Lingfeng Chen, Doan B.Hoang © 2012.

Chen, X, Li, L, Xiao, H, Xu, G, Yang, Z & Kitsuregawa, M 1970, 'Recommending related microblogs: A comparison between topic and WordNet based approaches', Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI Press, Toronto, pp. 2417-2418.
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Computing similarity between short microblogs is an important step in microblog recommendation. In this paper, we investigate a topic based approach and a WordNet based approach to estimate similarity scores between microblogs and recommend top related ones to users. Empirical study is conducted to compare their recommendation effectiveness using two evaluation measures. The results show that the WordNet based approach has relatively higher precision than that of the topic based approach using 548 tweets as dataset. In addition, the Kendall tau distance between two lists recommended by WordNet and topic approaches is calculated. Its average of all the 548 pair lists tells us the two approaches have the relative high disaccord in the ranking of related tweets. Copyright © 2012, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence. All rights reserved.

Chen, Y, Liu, RP, Wang, C, de Groot, M & Zeng, Z 1970, 'Consumer Operational Comfort Level based power demand management in the smart grid', 2012 3rd IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT Europe), 2012 3rd IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT Europe), IEEE, Berlin, Germany.
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In the smart grid, peak-load shifting allows smart homes to limit their peak hour demand to reduce electricity cost. By means of balancing the demand and supply, efficiency and stability are achieved in the power grid. While most existing Demand Response (DR) programs only use pricing signals to encourage consumers to alter their power consumption patterns, the impacts on consumers have been overlooked. In this paper, we propose a novel demand management scheme that takes into account of the consumer comfort level. We define the concept of Operational Comfort Level (OCL), and construct the OCL models for a range of smart appliances. These OCL models are integrated into our load management scheme. We develop a Min-Max Load Scheduling (MMLS) algorithm to minimize the peak-to-average ratio (PAR), while maximize the OCL of consumers. Simulation results confirm that our proposed MMLS algorithm is able to achieve both peak-load shifting and energy cost saving with minimal impact on consumers' comfort levels. © 2012 IEEE.

Cheng, E, Burton, P, Burton, J, Joseski, A & Burnett, I 1970, 'RMIT3DV: Pre-announcement of a creative commons uncompressed HD 3D video database', 2012 Fourth International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience, 2012 Fourth International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX 2012), IEEE, Yarra Valley, VIC, Australia, pp. 212-217.
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There has been much recent interest, both from industry and research communities, in 3D video technologies and processing techniques. However, with the standardisation of 3D video coding well underway and researchers studying 3D multimedia delivery and users' quality of multimedia experience in 3D video environments, there exist few publicly available databases of 3D video content. Further, there are even fewer sources of uncompressed 3D video content for flexible use in a number of research studies and applications. This paper thus presents a preliminary version of RMIT3DV: an uncompressed HD 3D video database currently composed of 31 video sequences that encompass a range of environments, lighting conditions, textures, motion, etc. The database was natively filmed on a professional HD 3D camera, and this paper describes the 3D film production workflow in addition to the database distribution and potential future applications of the content. The database is freely available online via the creative commons license, and researchers are encouraged to contribute 3D content to grow the resource for the (HD) 3D video research community. © 2012 IEEE.

Cheng, P, Gui, L, Tao, M, Guo, YJ, Huang, X & Rui, Y 1970, 'Sparse channel estimation for OFDM transmission over two-way works', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), ICC 2012 - 2012 IEEE International Conference on Communications, IEEE, Ottawa, ON, Canada, pp. 3948-3953.
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Compressed sensing (CS) has recently emerged as a powerful signal acquisition paradigm. CS enables the recovery of high-dimensional sparse signals from much fewer samples than usually required. Further, quite a few recent channel measurement experiments show that many wireless channels also tend to exhibit sparsity. In this case, CS theory can be applicable to sparse channel estimation and its effectiveness has been validated in point-to-point (P2P) communication. In this work, we study sparse channel estimation for two-way relay networks (TWRN). Unlike P2P systems, applying CS theory to sparse channel estimation in TWRN is much more challenging. One issue is that the equivalent channels (terminal-relay-terminal) may be no longer sparse due to the linear convolutional operation. On this basis, novel schemes are proposed to solve this problem and effectively improve the accuracy of TWRN channel estimation when using CS theory. Extensive numerical results are provided to corroborate the proposed studies. © 2012 IEEE.

Chiaro, G, Indraratna, B, Rujikiatkamjorn, C & Naeeni, S 1970, 'Effects of Steel Slag Content and Curing Time on Compressive Strength of Underwater Compacted Coal Wash', Proceedings of the International Conference on Ground Improvement & Ground Control, International Conference on Ground Improvement & Ground Control, Research Publishing Services.
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Chitsaz, M, Wang, K, Blumenstein, M & Qi, G 1970, 'Concept Learning for $\ensuremath{\ensuremath{\cal E}\ensuremath{\cal L}^{++}}$ by Refinement and Reinforcement', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Kuching, Malaysia, pp. 15-26.
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Ontology construction in OWL is an important and yet time-consuming task even for knowledge engineers and thus a (semi-) automatic approach will greatly assist in constructing ontologies. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to learning concept definitions in from a collection of assertions. Our approach is based on both refinement operator in inductive logic programming and reinforcement learning algorithm. The use of reinforcement learning significantly reduces the search space of candidate concepts. Besides, we present an experimental evaluation of constructing a family ontology. The results show that our approach is competitive with an existing learning system for ℰℒ. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

Chiu, C & Chaczko, Z 1970, 'Multi-dimensional Representations of Laparoscopic Simulations for SANETs', Proceedings of the Eurocast 2011, Computer Aided Systems Theory Conference, International Conference on Computer Aided Systems Theory (EUROCAST), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, pp. 225-232.
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13th International Conference on Computer Aided Systems Theory Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, February 2011

Chiu, C, Chaczko, Z & Kong, X 1970, 'Design of an Intelligent Health System Using Evolutionary Middleware for Sensor Actor Networks', 2012 International Conference on Information Science and Applications, 2012 International Conference on Information Science and Applications (ICISA), IEEE, Suwon, South Korea, pp. 1-6.
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Information infrastructure for healthcare is undergoing a transformational shift in the way it is perceived and used by health professionals. This is driven by the need to unify patient records seamlessly, and integrate emerging technologies in the Sensor-Actor Network (SANET) realm that incorporate patient sensory systems such as wireless sensor networks and body-area networks. By harnessing The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF), it ensures integrity is considered throughout development processes by analyzing the problem space and scenarios, constraints, requirements, risks, enablers and inhibitors of the legacy application architectures. The proposed architecture with TOGAF components incorporating SANETs addresses the need to harmonize legacy operations in a consistent manner with industry best practice to ensure universal patient records are comprehensive and secure, thus protecting against identity theft and adhering to privacy regulation compliance.

Chomsiri, T, He, X & Nanda, P 1970, 'Limitation of Listed-Rule Firewall and the Design of Tree-Rule Firewall', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International Conference on Internet and Distributed Computing Systems, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Fujian, China, pp. 275-287.
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012. This research will illustrate that firewalls today (Listed-Rule Firewall) have five important limitations which may lead to security problem, speed problem, and 'difficult to use' problem. These limitations consist of, firstly, limitation about 'Shadowed rules' (the rule that cannot match with any packet because a packet will be matched with other rules above) which can lead to security and speed problem. Secondly, limitation about swapping position between rules can bring a change in firewall policy and cause security problem. The third limitation is about 'Redundant rules' which can cause speed problem. Next, limitation of rule design; firewall administrators have to put 'Bigger Rules' only at the bottom or lower positions that can result in a 'difficult to use' problem. Lastly, limitation from sequential computation can lead to speed problem. Moreover, we also propose design of the new firewall named 'Tree-Rule Firewall' which does not have above limitations.

Chu, J, Indraratna, B, Yan, S & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 1970, 'Soft Soil Improvement Through Consolidation: An Overview', Proceedings of the International Conference on Ground Improvement & Ground Control, International Conference on Ground Improvement & Ground Control, Research Publishing Services.
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Chuang, C-H, Huang, C-S, Lin, C-T, Ko, L-W, Chang, J-Y & Yang, J-M 1970, 'Mapping Information Flow of Independent Source to Predict Conscious Level: A Granger Causality Based Brain-Computer Interface', 2012 International Symposium on Computer, Consumer and Control, 2012 International Symposium on Computer, Consumer and Control (IS3C), IEEE, pp. 813-816.
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Recent studies have shown that the various brain networks over different cognitive states. In contrast to measure a physiological change over a single region, the information flows between brain regions described by effective connectivity provides an informative dynamic over the whole brain. In this study, we proposed a source information flow network based on the combination of Granger causality and support vector regression to predict driver's conscious level. This work provides the first application of using brain network to develop a brain-computer interface and obtain a sound result of performance. © 2012 IEEE.

Chun-Wei Seah, Ong, Y-S, Tsang, IW & Siwei Jiang 1970, 'Pareto Rank Learning in Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithms', 2012 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2012 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), IEEE, Brisbane, AUSTRALIA.
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Coad, P, Ball, JE, Cathers, B & van Senden, D 1970, 'Prediciting Algal Blooms in the Berowra Estuary, NSW, Australia', Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Hydroinformatics 'Understanding Changing Climate and Environment and Finding Solutions', International Conference on Hydroinformatics, TuTech Verlag - TuTech Innovation GmbH, Hamburg, Germany, pp. 1-8.
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The Berowra Creek estuary and its catchment are situated entirely within the Hornsby Shire Local Government Area on the northern outskirts of the Sydney metropolitan area. Berowra Creek is a major tributary of the lower Hawkesbury River, entering the Hawkesbury River some 25 kilometres from the ocean. The estuary itself extends for over 23 kilometres in a southerly direction from the Hawkesbury River to the tidal limit at Rocky Fall Rapids. Algal blooms are prevalent within the Berowra Estuary. When algal species are present in high numbers they pose serious problems for commercial and recreational users of the estuary. Management authorities require an understanding of the relationship between the incidence of algal blooms and the environmental conditions required to initiate and promote these populations. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have been developed to predict the occurrence and risk of algal blooms within the Berowra Estuary. The ANNs developed were of a multilayer perceptron architecture and used the Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno training algorithm. To enable the prediction of algal blooms, an instrumented buoy was deployed at Calabash Bay within the estuary. This buoy records temperature, salinity, photosynthetically available radiation and chlorophyll-a (CHLa). The ANNs were used to predict CHLa concentrations from one to seven days in advance. Presented in the paper will be an assessment of the prediction reliability together with an assessment of how the variables and the information pre-processing influences the reliability of the predictions obtained.

Conroy, D, Wyeth, P & Johnson, D 1970, 'Spotting the Difference: Identifying Player Opponent Preferences in FPS Games', Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 114-121.
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Cooper, CS, Hagelstein, B, Franklin, D & IEEE 1970, 'Implementation of Opportunistic Cooperative Diversity in an Ad-Hoc Network using Commodity Hardware', 2012 8TH INTERNATIONAL WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND MOBILE COMPUTING CONFERENCE (IWCMC), ACM International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference, IEEE, Limassol, Cyprus, pp. 165-168.
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Corney, M, Teague, D, Ahadi, A & Lister, R 1970, 'Some empirical results for neo-Piagetian reasoning in novice programmers and the relationship to code explanation questions', Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series, Australasian Computing Education Conference, Australian Computer Society Inc, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 77-86.
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Recent research on novice programmers has suggested that they pass through neo-Piagetian stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, and concrete operational stages, before eventually reaching programming competence at the formal operational stage. This paper presents empirical results in support of this neo-Piagetian perspective. The major novel contributions of this paper are empirical results for some exam questions aimed at testing novices for the concrete operational abilities to reason with quantities that are conserved, processes that are reversible, and properties that hold under transitive inference. While the questions we used had been proposed earlier by Lister, he did not present any data for how students performed on these questions. Our empirical results demonstrate that many students struggle to answer these problems, despite the apparent simplicity of these problems. We then compare student performance on these questions with their performance on six explain in plain English questions.

Da Rocha, CG, Formoso, CT & Dos Santos, A 1970, 'An overview of the customisation strategies developed by four organisations of the house-building sector', IGLC 2012 - 20th Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction.
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Mass customisation (MC) refers to the provision of customised products while striving to maintain the efficiencies of mass-production. Such concept has emerged in the manufacturing sector but can also be deployed by the construction industry to add more value to products. This paper analysis the customisation strategies developed by four organisations of the house-building sector using a conceptual framework. Such organisations have differences in terms of the scale of the product provided, the amount of years they have been operating, and the stage in the product development process that they are at. Two organisations are located in Brazil and the other two are located in the UK. This paper aims to explore how customisation strategies based on the MC approach can be pursued under different organisational contexts. An underlying proposition of this paper is that MC can add value to housing products and that it can be adapted and tailored to be used in different organisational contexts. The case studies with the four organisations aim to illustrate that. Such studies also provide an initial step in exploring how MC can be tailored to particular organisational contexts within the construction industry.

Da Rocha, CG, Formoso, CT, Tzortzopoulos-Fazenda, P, Koskela, L & Tezel, A 1970, 'Design science research in lean construction: Process and outcomes', IGLC 2012 - 20th Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction.
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Design science (or constructive) research is a mode of producing scientific knowledge. It differs from explanatory research whose goal is to describe, understand and eventually predict phenomena of a particular field. Alternatively, the goal of design science research is to develop scientifically grounded solutions that are able to solve real-world problems. In this way, it establishes an appropriate link between theory and practice, strengthening the relevance of academic research. This paper discusses the design science research approach and illustrates through the analysis of two Ph.D investigations how it can be adopted in lean construction. In this paper, the outcomes and the research process adopted in these investigations are presented. At the end, some conclusions concerning the outcomes achieved and the activities involved in conducting design science in lean construction are discussed.

Daniel, S, Mazzolini, A & Schier, M 1970, 'Is lecture attendance just a flip of a coin?', 23rd Annual Conference of the Australasian Association for Engineering Education 2012: Profession of Engineering Education: Advancing Teaching, Research and Careers, The, Engineers Australia, pp. 573-573.

Daniel, S, Mazzolini, A, Cadusch, PJ & Edwards, T 1970, 'Addressing student misconceptions of phasors and AC resonance', 20th Australian Institute of Physics Congress.

Datta, N, Hsieh, M & Wilde, MM 1970, 'Quantum rate distortion, reverse Shannon theorems, and source-channel', The 14th workshop on Quantum Information Processing (QIP 2012), Montreal, Canada.
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We derive quantum counterparts of two key theorems of classical information theory, namely, the rate distortion theorem and the source-channel separation theorem. The rate-distortion theorem gives the ultimate limits on lossy data compression, and the source-channel separation theorem implies that a two-stage protocol consisting of compression and channel coding is optimal for transmitting a memoryless source over a memoryless channel. In spite of their importance in the classical domain, there has been surprisingly little work in these areas for quantum information theory. In the present paper, we prove that the quantum rate distortion function is given in terms of the regularized entanglement of purification. We also determine a single-letter expression for the entanglement-assisted quantum rate distortion function, and we prove that it serves as a lower bound on the unassisted quantum rate distortion function. This implies that the unassisted quantum rate distortion function is non-negative and generally not equal to the coherent information between the source and distorted output (in spite of Barnum's conjecture that the coherent information would be relevant here). Moreover, we prove several quantum source-channel separation theorems. The strongest of these are in the entanglement-assisted setting, in which we establish a necessary and sufficient codition for transmitting a memoryless source over a memoryless quantum channel up to a given distortion.

Davis, M, Villain, B, Ridoux, J, Orgerie, A-C & Veitch, D 1970, 'An IEEE-1588 compatible RADclock', 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Precision Clock Synchronization for Measurement, Control and Communication Proceedings, 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Precision Clock Synchronization for Measurement, Control and Communication (ISPCS), IEEE, San Franciscio, pp. 1-6.
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Davis, S, Cheng, E, Ritz, C & Burnett, I 1970, 'Ensuring Quality of Experience for markerless image recognition applied to print media content', 2012 Fourth International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience, 2012 Fourth International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX 2012), IEEE, Yarra Valley, VIC, Australia, pp. 158-163.
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This paper investigates how minimal user interaction paradigms and markerless image recognition technologies can be applied to matching print media content to online digital proofs. By linking print material to online content, users can enhance their experience with traditional forms of print media with updated online content, videos, interactive online features etc. The proposed approach is based on extracting features from images/text from mobile device camera images to form fingerprints that are used to find matching images/text within a limited test set. An important criterion for these applications is to ensure that the user Quality of Experience (QoE), particularly in terms of matching accuracy and time, is robust to a variety of conditions typically encountered in practical scenarios. In this paper, the performance of a number of computer vision techniques that extract the image features and form the fingerprints are analysed and compared. Both computer simulation tests and mobile device experiments in realistic user conditions are conducted to study the effectiveness of the techniques when considering scale, rotation, blur and lighting variations typically encountered by a user. © 2012 IEEE.

Dehestani, D, Su, S, Nguyen, H, Guo, Y, Wall, J & Eftekhari, F 1970, 'Comprehensive sensitivity analysis of Heat Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system based on neural network model', 10th International Conference on Healthy Buildings 2012, pp. 1555-1560.
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Finding healthy HVAC model as the health reference for monitoring and fault tolerant system is the main aim in this area. To dispel this concern a comprehensive transient model of Heat Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems is developed by a fast Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in this study. The model is based on experimental data that are taken from our HVAC laboratory scale. The neural network is developed by using MATLAB coding and simulation technique. Our proposed model is validated against real HVAC system by minimum error. The developed model in this study can be used for a pre tuning of control system and put to good use for fault detection and isolation in order to accomplish highquality health monitoring and result in energy saving. The magnitude and trait of features are a good potential for automatic fault tolerant system based on machine learning systems.

Dehestani, D, Su, S, Nguyen, H, Vakiloroaya, V, Wall, J & Guo, Y 1970, 'Intelligent model based fault detection for heat ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) system based on ANN model and SVM classifier', 10th International Conference on Healthy Buildings 2012, pp. 1253-1258.
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Due to a growing demand in improving energy efficiency in the built environment, reducing the energy consumption and operating costs of heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems while still maintaining occupant comfort has become one of the critical issues. Reports indicate that efficiency and availability are heavily dependent upon high reliability and maintainability. Recently, the concept of e-maintenance has been introduced to reduce the cost of maintenance. In e-maintenance systems, the intelligent fault detection and isolation (FDI) system plays a crucial role for identifying equipment and other system failures. Applying these techniques to HVAC system fault detection makes it possible to improve total cost effectiveness of maintenance and thus increase the capacity utilization rates of equipment. Reduction of energy wasting in the system by on time fault detection is another important goal of applying these techniques. Therefore, this work proposes a new model based fault detection technique for HVAC systems based on Neural Network (NN) model and online support vector machines (SVM) classifier which integrates a dimension reduction scheme to analyze the failure of system. The NN generate a high accurate model which is based reference for SVM classifier. Finally, a series of experimental fault data are applied to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed technique. Final results show that online SVM can accurately detect faults in a HVAC cooling tower with minimum usage data. The technique is also shown to outperform an offline SVM on such energy systems for classification.

Demong, NA, Lu, J & Hussain, FK 1970, 'Multidimensional Analysis and Data Mining for Property Investment Risk Analysis', International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS 2012), International Conference on Information Systems, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, Penang, Malaysia, pp. 118-123.
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Property investment in the real estate industry has a high risk due to the uncertainty factors that will affect the decisions made and high cost. Analytic hierarchy process has existed for some time in which referred to an expertâs opinion to measure the uncertainty of the risk factors for the risk analysis. Therefore, different level of expertsâ experiences will create different opinion and lead to the conflict among the experts in the field. The objective of this paper is to propose a new technique to measure the uncertainty of the risk factors based on multidimensional data model and data mining techniques as deterministic approach. The propose technique consist of a basic framework which includes four modules: user, technology, end-user access tools and applications. The property investment risk analysis defines as a micro level analysis as the features of the property will be considered in the analysis in this paper.

Devitt, SJ & Nemoto, K 1970, 'Programming a Topological Quantum Computer', Test Symposium (ATS), 2012 IEEE 21st Asian, pp 55-60, IEEE, pp. 55-60.
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Topological quantum computing has recently proven itself to be a powerfulcomputational model when constructing viable architectures for large scalecomputation. The topological model is constructed from the foundation of aerror correction code, required to correct for inevitable hardware faults thatwill exist for a large scale quantum device. It is also a measurement basedmodel of quantum computation, meaning that the quantum hardware is responsibleonly for the construction of a large, computationally universal quantum state.This quantum state is then strategically consumed, allowing for the realisationof a fully error corrected quantum algorithm. The number of physical qubitsneeded by the quantum hardware and the amount of time required to implement analgorithm is dictated by the manner in which this universal quantum state isconsumed. In this paper we examine the problem of algorithmic optimisation inthe topological lattice and introduce the required elements that will be neededwhen designing a classical software package to compile and implement a largescale algorithm on a topological quantum computer.

Di, P, Ye, D, Su, Y, Sui, Y & Xue, J 1970, 'Automatic Parallelization of Tiled Loop Nests with Enhanced Fine-Grained Parallelism on GPUs', 2012 41st International Conference on Parallel Processing, 2012 41st International Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP), IEEE, pp. 350-359.
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Automatically parallelizing loop nests into CUDA kernels must exploit the full potential of GPUs to obtain high performance. One state-of-the-art approach makes use of the polyhedral model to extract parallelism from a loop nest by applying a sequence of affine transformations to the loop nest. However, how to automate this process to exploit both intra and inter-SM parallelism for GPUs remains a challenging problem. Presently, compilers may generate code significantly slower than hand-optimized code for certain applications. This paper describes a compiler framework for tiling and parallelizing loop nests with uniform dependences into CUDA code. We aim to improve two levels of wave front parallelism. We find tiling hyper planes by embedding parallelism enhancing constraints in the polyhedral model to maximize intra-tile, i.e., intra-SM parallelism. This improves the load balance among the SPs in an SM executing a wave front of loop iterations within a tile. We eliminate parallelism-hindering false dependences to maximize inter-tile, i.e., inter-SM parallelism. This improves the load balance among the SMs executing a wave front of tiles. Our approach has been implemented in PLUTO and validated using eight benchmarks on two different NVIDIA GPUs (C1060 and C2050). Compared to PLUTO, our approach achieves 2 - 5.5X speedups across the benchmarks. Compared to highly hand-optimized 1-D Jacobi (3 points), 2-D Jacobi (5 points), 3-D Jacobi (7 points) and 3-D Jacobi (27 points), our speedups, 1.17X, 1.41X, 0.97X and 0.87X with an average of 1.10X on C1060 and 1.24X, 1.20X, 0.86X and 0.95X with an average of 1.06X on C2050, are competitive. © 2012 IEEE.

Dinh, TH, Phung, MD, Tran, TH & Tran, QV 1970, 'Localization of a unicycle-like mobile robot using LRF and omni-directional camera', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Control System, Computing and Engineering, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Control System, Computing and Engineering (ICCSCE), IEEE, Penang, MALAYSIA, pp. 477-482.
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Dong, H, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 1970, 'Ontology-Learning-Based Focused Crawling for Online Service Advertising Information Discovery and Classification', Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Service-Oriented Computing, 10th International Conference on Service-Oriented Computing, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Shanghai, China, pp. 591-598.
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Dovey, KA 1970, 'Innovation Within Large Organizations: The Role of the Intrapreneur', XXIII ISPIM Conference: Action for Innovation: Innovating From Experience, XXIII ISPIM Conference: Action for Innovation: Innovating From Experience, International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM), Barcelona, Spain, pp. 49-49.
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This paper explores the role of the intrapreneur in successful innovation within large organizations. Offering a case of the creation of a successful new product within a large Australian organization, the paper explores the politics of championing creative ideas through to their realization in innovative new commercial offerings. Through the lens of one intrapreneurâs experience, it highlights the practices required to innovate within environments rich in innovation rhetoric but governed by contradictory enterprise logic. Furthermore, it addresses the self-management practices required of those wanting âto make a differenceâ in such organizations and warns of the fatal traps into which inexperienced intrapreneurs can fall.

Dowling, DG & Hadgraft, RG 1970, 'What should we teach? Defining Your discipline to drive curriculum renewal: An Environmental engineering case study', Proceedings of the 40th SEFI Annual Conference 2012 - Engineering Education 2020: Meet the Future, SEFI - Annual Conference of European Society for Engineering Education, European Society for Engineering Education (SEFI), Thessaloniki, Greece.
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In Australia, the federal government, employers, and accrediting bodies, such as Engineers Australia, are calling for more clearly defined program outcomesor exit standardsfor engineering programs [1-3]. Engineering Schools are therefore under increasing pressure to more clearly define what graduates from four or five year engineering programs should knowand be able to do. This paper describes a simple, but elegant stakeholder process that can be used to define the capabilities of a graduate who could claim in-depth techni-cal competence in their discipline. The Defining Your Discipline (DYD) Process [4] may be used by educational institutions and industry organisations to develop practitioner-authenticated sets of graduate capabilitiesfor their disci-pline. Environmental engineering was the test case for this new process. At the heart of the DYD process is the definition of tasks, in this case the tasks which a graduate from a program should be able to do in their first two or three years after graduation. Stakeholders are given a set of large sticky notes on which they are asked to write, on each note, one task that they would expect a recent graduate to be able to perform in their company. For academics, this is an imaginary task, while for industry representatives, who usually have considerable experience in supervising young graduates, it is more authentic as they know the sorts of tasks that a recent graduate should be able to complete. After about 20-30 minutes, most participants come to a stop. They can't think of any more tasks. Sometimes, it is helpful for them to talk to people around them for more ideas. This might last another 10-15 minutes. So, within 40-50 minutes participants are ready for the next stage, which is to clusterthe tasks into meaningful groups. This takes another 20-30 min-utes. There is usually quite a bit of discussion about the names of the clus-ters, and when negotiating the cluster into which an individual task belongs....

Du, R, Wu, Q, He, X & Yang, J 1970, 'Multi-Instance Learning with an Extended Kernel Density Estimation for Object Categorization', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo Workshops, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia & Expo Workshops (ICMEW), IEEE, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 477-482.
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Multi-instance learning (MIL) is a variational supervised learning. Instead of getting a set of instances that are labeled, the learner receives a set of bags that are labeled. Each bag contains many instances. In this paper, we present a novel MIL algorithm that can efficiently learn classifiers in a large instance space. We achieve this by estimating instance distribution using a proposed extended kernel density estimation (eKDE) which is an alternative to previous diverse density estimation (DDE). A fast method is devised to approximately locate the multiple modes of eKDE. Comparing to DDE, eKDE is more efficient and robust to the labeling noise (the mislabeled training data). We compare our approach with other state-of-the-art MIL methods in object categorization on the popular Caltech-4 and SIVAL datasets, the results illustrate that our approach provides superior performance. © 2012 IEEE.

Du, R, Wu, Q, He, X & Yang, J 1970, 'Object Categorization Based on a Supervised Mean Shift Algorithm', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), European Conference on Computer Vision, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Florence, Italy, pp. 611-614.
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In this work, we present a C++ implementation of object categorization with the bag-of-word (BoW) framework. Unlike typical BoW models which consider the whole area of an image as the region of interest (ROI) for visual codebook generation, our implementation only considers the regions of target objects as ROIs and the unrelated backgrounds will be excluded for generating codebook. This is achieved by a supervised mean shift algorithm. Our work is on the benchmark SIVAL dataset and utilizes a Maximum Margin Supervised Topic Model for classification. The final performance of our work is quite encouraging. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

Ebrahimi Warkiani, M, Gong, HQ & Fane, A 1970, 'Surface Modification of Micro/Nano-Fabricated Filters', Key Engineering Materials, 2nd International Symposium on Advanced Synthesis and Processing Technology for Materials (ASPT2011)/8th Materials Science School for Young Scientists (KINKEN-WAKATE2011), Trans Tech Publications, Ltd., Sendai, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 87-98.
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Polymeric Micro-Fabricated Filters Have Excellent Sieving Properties. Their Identical Properties such as High Surface Porosity and Perfectly Patterned Pore Structure, which Is Combined with Mechanical Strength Make them Ideal for many Applications such as Microorganism Removal, Blood Filtration and Protein Purification. To Improve the Performance of the Micro-Fabricated Filters, we Employed Oxygen Plasma Treatment to Increase the Surface Hydrophilicity and Reduce the Membrane Fouling during Microfiltration. Hydrophilization and Integrity of the Surfaces Were Analyzed by Contact Angle Measurements and Topographic Imaging with an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). Treatment of Polymeric Membranes with Oxygen Plasma Led to a Stable Hydrophilization and an Increased Surface Roughness. The Filtration Properties of the Modified and Unmodified Membranes Were Examined Using Clay Particles. A Significant Increase in Total Collected Volume of Filtrate Was Observed for the Treated Membranes during Filtration of Simulated Drinking Water Samples Using Clay Suspension.

ElSawah, S, Haase, D, Van Delden, H, Pierce, S, ElMahdi, A, Voinov, AA & Jakeman, AJ 1970, 'Using system dynamics for environmental modelling: Lessons learnt from six case studies', iEMSs 2012 - Managing Resources of a Limited Planet: Proceedings of the 6th Biennial Meeting of the International Environmental Modelling and Software Society, pp. 1367-1374.
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System dynamics modelling includes a set of conceptual and numerical methods that are used to understand the structure and behaviour of complex systems, such as socio-ecological systems. A system dynamics model represents the causal relationships, feedback loops, and delays that are thought to generate the system behaviour. System dynamics is widely used for developing environmental models and decision support systems. However, little attention has been given to reflecting on modelling exercises in terms of the utility of system dynamics, its strengths and limitations, experienced during modelling and implementation challenges. These practical lessons are useful for guiding modellers on deciding when and how to use system dynamics. The purpose of this paper is to shed some light on these issues drawing on experience from six case studies. Case studies demonstrate a wide range of applications (e.g. land use, groundwater management, urban water systems), tools, modelling approaches (e.g. coupled, integrated), and computational software.

Erohin, O, Kuhlang, P, Schallow, J & Deuse, J 1970, 'Intelligent Utilisation of Digital Databases for Assembly Time Determination in Early Phases of Product Emergence', Procedia CIRP, Elsevier BV, pp. 424-429.
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Manufacturing industry has been progressively using digital tools for product development and manufacturing control to handle product and process complexity as well as to react to ever-increasing cost and time pressure. This paper presents aims and potentials of the application of knowledge discovery processes in industrial databases for the identification and extraction of new knowledge in order to support planning and decision making processes in product emergence. Therefore, it describes basic approaches for the intelligent utilisation of discovered knowledge on the example of prospective assembly time determination in early phases of product emergence. © 2012 The Authors.

Esfijani, A, Hussain, FK & Chang, E 1970, 'An Approach to University Social Responsibility Ontology Development Through Text Analyses', 2012 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HUMAN SYSTEM INTERACTIONS (HSI 2012), International Conference on Human System Interactions (HSI), IEEE, Perth, WA, pp. 1-7.
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The main purpose of this paper is to propose a content analysis approach in order to develop an ontology of university social responsibility (USR). The proposed approach comprises four main phases in which two content analyses software have been utilized to extract the main USR components and to identify the domain of this concept. To achieve the goal, the existing body of knowledge of USR definitions and specifications - using a variety of terms - has been considered to identify the main notions of USR and their relationships. The developed ontology can be applied to define a formal, explicit description of the USR concept and to construct a more reliable basis for measurement purposes. © 2012 IEEE.

Espinilla, M, Lu, J, Ma, J & Martínez, L 1970, 'An Extended Version of the Fuzzy Multicriteria Group Decision-Making Method in Evaluation Processes', 14th International Conference on Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems IPMU 2012, International Conference on Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Catania, Italy, pp. 191-200.
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Evaluation processes are a key element used in quality inspection, marketing and other fields in industrial companies. In these processes, it is very common that a group of evaluators assess a set of evaluated elements, according to a set of criteria, which may have different nature and usually present uncertainty. In this context, the fuzzy multicriteria group decision-making (FMCGDM) method has been successfully applied to different evaluation problems. This method provides a closeness coefficient of each evaluated element in order to generate a final raking. However, its applications to complex evaluation processes that requires the understandability of the closeness coefficient drive us to propose the use of the linguistic 2-tuple representation model to extend the FMCGDM method, in order to provide linguistic closeness coefficients, which are easy to understand. Moreover, we apply the extended version of the FMCGDM method in an evaluation process of fabric hand.

Fan, X & Cao, L 1970, 'A theoretical framework of the graph shift algorithm', Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, ACM, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, pp. 2419-2420.
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Since no theoretical foundations for proving the convergence of Graph Shift Algorithm have been reported, we provide a generic framework consisting of three key GS components to fit the Zangwill's convergence theorem. We show that the sequence set generated by the GS procedures always terminates at a local maximum, or at worst, contains a subsequence which converges to a local maximum of the similarity measure function. What is more, a theoretical framework is proposed to apply our proof to a more general case. Copyright © 2012, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence. All rights reserved.

Fan, X, Zhu, L, Cao, L, Cui, X & Ong, Y-S 1970, 'Maximum margin clustering on evolutionary data', Proceedings of the 21st ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management, CIKM'12: 21st ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, ACM, Maui, Hawaii, USA, pp. 625-634.
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Evolutionary data, such as topic changing blogs and evolving trading behaviors in capital market, is widely seen in business and social applications. The time factor and intrinsic change embedded in evolutionary data greatly challenge evolutionary clustering. To incorporate the time factor, existing methods mainly regard the evolutionary clustering problem as a linear combination of snapshot cost and temporal cost, and reflect the time factor through the temporal cost. It still faces accuracy and scalability challenge though promising results gotten. This paper proposes a novel evolutionary clustering approach, evolutionary maximum margin clustering (e-MMC), to cluster large-scale evolutionary data from the maximum margin perspective. e-MMC incorporates two frameworks: Data Integration from the data changing perspective and Model Integration corresponding to model adjustment to tackle the time factor and change, with an adaptive label allocation mechanism. Three e-MMC clustering algorithms are proposed based on the two frameworks. Extensive experiments are performed on synthetic data, UCI data and real-world blog data, which confirm that e-MMC outperforms the state-of-the-art clustering algorithms in terms of accuracy, computational cost and scalability. It shows that e-MMC is particularly suitable for clustering large-scale evolving data. © 2012 ACM.

Fatahi, B, Engelbert, D, Mujic, S & Khabbaz, H 1970, 'Assessment of Surcharging on Strength and Stiffness of Cement Treated Clays', Grouting and Deep Mixing 2012, Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Grouting and Deep Mixing, American Society of Civil Engineers, Louisiana, USA, pp. 272-280.
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Deep soil mixing (DSM) is a ground improvement technique most appropriate in applications aimed at improving properties of soft clay, which is very sensitive to temperature and water content changes. This paper presents an experimental study capturing effects of surcharge application during curing time on the stress-strain behaviour of DSM columns. An investigation has been undertaken into the effects of varying surcharges, applied immediately after mixing, ranging from 40kPa to 120kPa, on the strength and stiffness of cement treated kaolinite clay samples with different cement contents. The results of uniaxial tests are analysed to illustrate how the Young's modulus and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) are influenced under varying surcharges. Results confirm a promising increase in strength and stiffness with increased preloading. Results are significant, in that desired DSM column strengths can be achieved through a combination of cement and surcharging, as opposed to increasing the cement content; thus significantly reducing the carbon footprint induced by cement production. © 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers.

Fatahi, B, Far, H, Sadeghi Hokmabadi, A & Samali, B 1970, 'Significance of bedrock depth in dynamic soil-structure interaction analysis for moment resisting frames', 2nd International Conference on Performance-Based Design in Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering, International Conference on Performance-Based Design in Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering, Associazione Geotecnica Italiana - Roma, Taormina, Italy, pp. 1396-1406.
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In this study, a fifteen storey moment resisting building frame, resting on a shallow foundation, is selected in conjunction with two clayey soils with the shear wave velocities less than 600m/s, representing soil classes De and Ee, according to AS 1170.4. Different bedrock depths including 10m, 20m, and 30 m are employed in the numerical modelling using finite difference software FLAC 2D. Fully nonlinear dynamic analysis under the influence of different earthquake records is conducted, and the results of the three different cases are compared and discussed. The results indicate that the dynamic properties of the subsoil such as shear wave velocity as well as bedrock depth play significant roles in seismic response of the building frames under the influence of soil-structure interaction. As the bedrock depth increases, lateral deflections and inter-storey drifts of the structures increase. These effects can change the performance level of structures from life safe to near collapse or total collapse. Therefore, the conventional design procedure excluding SSI is not adequate enough to guarantee the structural safety for the building frames resting on soft soil deposits.

Fatahi, B, Khabbaz, H & Fatahi, B 1970, 'Application of Polypropylene and Carpet Fibres to Improve Mechanical Properties of Cement Treated Clay', International Symposium on Ground Improvement IS-GI, PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, SIMSG, Brussel, pp. 303-308.
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In this study, the influence of two types of fibre reinforcement, namely polypropylene and carpet waste fibres, on mechanical properties of cement treated kaolinite is investigated. The results of unconfined compressive strength testing of 63 cylindrical samples of cement treated kaolinite with varied cement and fibre contents are analysed to discern the relationships between these parameters and the key mechanical properties, including unconfined compressive strength and stiffness of treated soil. The fibre reinforcement increases the peak strength. The initial Young's modulus of the fibre reinforced cement treated kaolinite increases by adding polypropylene whereas slightly decreases when adding carpet fibres. The improvement of mechanical properties was far more pronounced with the introduction of polypropylene than carpet waste fibres. The implication of these findings is a cost effective and environmentally friendly alternative compare to increasing cement content in soil to achieve the required mechanical properties, particularly where the strength is a governing consideration.

Fatahi, B, Khabbaz, H & Le, TM 1970, 'Improvement of rail track subgrade using stone columns combined with geosynthetics', ADVANCES IN TRANSPORTATION GEOTECHNICS II, International Conference on Transportation Geotechnics (ICTG), CRC Press - Taylor & Francis Group, Hokkaido, Japan, pp. 202-206.
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This study seeks to identify the effectiveness of ground improvement using stone columns in controlling settlement of soft soils when placed under the dead loads of the rail structure and the large live loads of freight trains. The employed numerical study assesses the relationship between the column position in the track cross section and the overall settlement of the ballasted rail formation. The numerical results show that the overall settlement of the track reduces significantly with the use of stone columns close to the centre of the track and not just under the rail. In addition, application of one layer of geogrids between sub-ballast and sub-grade assists to reduce the maximum settlement of track decreasing the future maintenance costs. © 2012 Taylor & Francis Group.

Fathollahzadeh Aghdam, R & Berenjforoush Azar, B 1970, 'Electricity-economy nexus and assessment of macroeconomic impacts of market-oriented electricity reform.', International Association for Energy Economics, 5th IAEE International Conference.

Feng, L, Ong, Y-S, Tsang, IW-H & Tan, A-H 1970, 'An evolutionary search paradigm that learns with past experiences', 2012 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2012 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), IEEE, Brisbane, AUSTRALIA.
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Ferrie, C & Blume-Kohout, R 1970, 'Estimating the bias of a noisy coin', AIP Conference Proceedings, BAYESIAN INFERENCE AND MAXIMUM ENTROPY METHODS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING: 31st International Workshop on Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering, AIP, Waterloo, CANADA, pp. 14-21.
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Ferrie, C, Granade, CE & Cory, DG 1970, 'Adaptive Hamiltonian estimation using Bayesian experimental design', AIP Conference Proceedings, BAYESIAN INFERENCE AND MAXIMUM ENTROPY METHODS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING: 31st International Workshop on Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering, AIP, Waterloo, CANADA, pp. 165-173.
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Fitz-Walter, Z, Tjondronegoro, D & Wyeth, P 1970, 'A gamified mobile application for engaging new students at university orientation', Proceedings of the 24th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference, OzCHI '12: The 24th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference, ACM.
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Ford, M, Wyeth, P & Johnson, D 1970, 'Self-determination theory as applied to the design of a software learning system using whole-body controls', Proceedings of the 24th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference, OzCHI '12: The 24th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference, ACM.
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Freeman, M, Howieson, B, Willey, K, Watty, K, Hancock, P, Abraham, A, O'Connell, B, De lange, P & IEEE 1970, 'Using technology to improve peer review and collaborative conversations to benchmark academic standards', 2012 FRONTIERS IN EDUCATION CONFERENCE (FIE), IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference, IEEE, Seattle, Washington, USA, pp. 1283-1288.
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In 2010 the Australian government commissioned the Australian Learning and Teaching Council (ALTC) to undertake a national project to facilitate disciplinary development of threshold learning standards. The aim was to lay the foundation for all higher education providers to demonstrate to the new national higher education regulator, the Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency (TEQSA), that graduates achieved or exceeded minimum academic standards. Through a yearlong consultative process, representatives of employers, professional bodies, academics and students, developed learning standards applying to any Australian higher education provider. Willey and Gardner reported using a software tool, SPARKPLUS, in calibrating academic standards amongst teaching staff in large classes. In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of this technology to promote calibrated understandings with the national accounting learning standards. We found that integrating the software with a purposely designed activity provided significant efficiencies in calibrating understandings about learning standards, developed expertise and a better understanding of what is required to meet these standards and how best to demonstrate them. The software and supporting calibration and assessment process can be adopted by other disciplines, including engineering, seeking to provide direct evidence about performance against learning standards.

Freeze, R, Marjanovic, O & Deokar, AV 1970, 'Introduction to Knowledge Intensive Business Processes Minitrack', 2012 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2012 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), IEEE, p. 3816.
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Fu, B, Wang, Z, Pan, R, Xu, G & Dolog, P 1970, 'Learning Tree Structure of Label Dependency for Multi-label Learning', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Pacific-Asia Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, pp. 159-170.
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There always exists some kind of label dependency in multi-label data. Learning and utilizing those dependencies could improve the learning performance further. Therefore, an approach for multi-label learning is proposed in this paper, which quantifies the dependencies of pairwise labels firstly, and then builds a tree structure of the labels to describe them. Thus the approach could find out potential strong label dependencies and produce more generalized dependent relationships. The experimental results have validated that compared with other state-of-the-art algorithms, the method is not only a competitive alternative, but also has shown better performance after ensemble learning especially. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

Fukumoto, T, Thomas, P & Stuart, BH 1970, 'The development of organic consolidants for heritage Sydney sandstones', 2nd International Congress - Chemistry for Cultural Heritage Abstracts, 2nd International Congress - Chemistry for Cultural Heritage Abstracts, Turkish Chemical Society, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 1-1.

Fukumoto, T, Thomas, P, Stuart, BH, Ray, AS & Guerbois, JL 1970, 'Characterisation of poly(acrylic acid) - montmorillonite composites using TG-MS', 15th International Conference on Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry Abstracts, 15th International Conference on Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry.

Furqan, F & Hoang, DB 1970, 'Wireless Fair Intelligent Congestion Control -- A QoS Performance Evaluation', 2012 13th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies, 2012 13th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing Applications and Technologies (PDCAT), IEEE, pp. 3-9.
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In WiMAX architecture to avoid congestion at the base station, a mechanism namely WiMAX Fair Intelligent Congestion Control (WFICC) was proposed in [11]. WFICC ensures that the traffic is scheduled in such a way that the base station output buffer operates around a target operating point, without violating the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of connections. However, only preliminary results were presented in [11]. The aim of this paper is to investigate WFICC thoroughly and evaluate its performance in terms of throughput, delay and jitter for various Class of Services (CoSs) under various parameter settings of the algorithm. A detailed and comprehensive simulation study on various settings of parameters is performed in ns-2. The results show that WFICC performs extremely well in allocating resources fairly among Class of Services (CoSs), yet preserving their QoS requirements. Furthermore, WFICC is robust and easily adapted to various traffic conditions. © 2012 IEEE.

Galea, N, Hamedanimojarrad, P, Vessalas, K & Thomas, P 1970, 'Assessment of wollastonite microfibre on drying shrinkage behaviour of cement-based composites', From materials to structures: Advancement through innovation, Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, CRC Press, Sydney, Australia, pp. 499-504.
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To date there has been limited research carried out on the effect of wollastonite as a microfibre addition to concrete or mortar and its effect on drying shrinkage behaviour. This investigation assesses the effect of wollastonite on drying shrinkage behaviour and compressive strength development of cement-based mortars. Mortar was selected for this study as a behavioural model since it is more sensitive to shrinkage strain than cement-based composites containing coarse-sized aggregate (concrete). Specimens were prepared with the addition of wollastonite at 2%, 4% and 6% by mass of cement. Key indicators of performance evaluated were change in length relative to control mortar exposed to the same storage conditions, as well as change in mass and compressive strength assessment at ages of 7 and 28 days. Results demonstrate that drying shrinkage decreases with the addition of wollastonite, while compressive strength increases with increasing age.

Gan, SK, Fitch, R, Sukkarieh, S & IEEE 1970, 'Real-Time Decentralized Search with Inter-Agent Collision Avoidance', 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA), IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, IEEE, Saint Paul, MN, USA, pp. 504-510.
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This paper addresses the problem of coordinating a team of mobile autonomous sensor agents performing a cooperative mission while explicitly avoiding inter-agent collisions in a team negotiation process. Many multi-agent cooperative approaches disregard the potential hazards between agents, which are an important aspect to many systems and especially for airborne systems. In this work, team negotiation is performed using a decentralized gradient-based optimization approach whereas safety distance constraints are specifically designed and handled using Lagrangian multiplier methods. The novelty of our work is the demonstration of a decentralized form of inter-agent collision avoidance in the loop of the agents' real-time group mission optimization process, where the algorithm inherits the properties of performing its original mission while minimizing the probability of inter-agent collisions. Explicit constraint gradient formulation is derived and used to enhance computational advantage and solution accuracy. The effectiveness and robustness of our algorithm has been verified in a simulated environment by coordinating a team of UAVs searching for targets in a large-scale environment. © 2012 IEEE.

Gao, L, Li, M, Zhu, T, Bonti, A, Zhou, W & Yu, S 1970, 'AMDD: Exploring Entropy Based Anonymous Multi-dimensional Data Detection for Network Optimization in Human Associated DTNs', 2012 IEEE 11th International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications, 2012 IEEE 11th International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom), IEEE, pp. 1245-1250.
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Human associated delay-tolerant networks (HDTNs) are new networks where mobile devices are associated with humans and demonstrate social-related communication characteristics. Most of recent works use real social trace file to analyse its social characteristics, however social-related data is sensitive and has concern of privacy issues. In this paper, we propose an anonymous method that anonymize the original data by coding to preserve individual's privacy. The Shannon entropy is applied to the anonymous data to keep rich useful social characteristics for network optimization, e.g. routing optimization. We use an existing MIT reality dataset and Infocom 06 dataset, which are human associated mobile network trace files, to simulate our method. The results of our simulations show that this method can make data anonymously while achieving network optimization. © 2012 IEEE.

Garcia Marin, J 1970, 'Exergames for the elderly: towards an embedded Kinect-based clinical test of falls risk.', Stud Health Technol Inform. 2012;178:51-7..
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Falls are the leading cause of disability, injuries or even death among older adults. Exercise programmes that include a balance component reduce the risk of falling by 40%. However, such interventions are often perceived as boring and drop-out rates are high. The characteristics of videogames may overcome this weakness and increase exercise adherence. The use of modern input devices, such as the Microsoft Kinect, enables quantification of player performance in terms of motor function while engaging with games. This capability has just started to be explored. The work presented in this paper focuses on the development of a Kinect-based system to deliver step training while simultaneously measuring parameters of stepping performance that have shown to predict falls in older people.

Gardner, A, Willey, K, Jolly, L, Tibbits, G & IEEE 1970, 'Peering at the peer review process for conference submissions', 2012 FRONTIERS IN EDUCATION CONFERENCE (FIE), IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference, IEEE, Seattle, Washington, USA, pp. 852-857.
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For many scholars conference papers are a stepping stone to submitting a journal article. However with increasing time pressures for presentation at conferences, peer review may in practice be the only developmental opportunity from conference attendance. Hence it could be argued that the most important opportunity to acquire the standards and norms of the discipline and develop researchers' judgement is the peer review process - but this depends on the quality of the reviews. In this paper we report the findings of an ongoing study into the peer review process of the Australasian Association for Engineering Education (AAEE) annual conference. We began by examining the effectiveness of reviews of papers submitted to the 2010 conference in helping authors to improve and/or address issues in their research. Authors were also given the chance to rate their reviews and we subsequently analysed both the nature of the reviews and authors' responses. Findings suggest that the opportunity to use the peer review process to induct people into the field and improve research methods and practice was being missed with almost half of the reviews being rated as 'ineffectual'. Authors at the 2011 AAEE conference confirmed the findings from the 2010 data. The results demonstrate the lack of a shared understanding in our community of what constitutes quality research. In this paper in addition to the results of the abovementioned studies we report the framework being adopted by the AAEE community to develop criteria to be applied at future conferences and describe the reviewer activity aimed at increasing understanding of standards and developing judgement to improve research quality within our engineering education community.

Gardner, AP & Willey, K 1970, 'Student participation in and perceptions of regular formative assessment activities', Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference for the Australasian Association for Engineering Education - The Profession of Engineering Education: Advancing Teaching, Research and Careers, AAEE - Annual Conference of Australasian Association for Engineering Education, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1-10.
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BACKGROUND The benefits to student learning from participation in formative assessments have been reported by many educational researchers and scholars. This literature reports improved engagement when students see formative activities as being highly relevant and valuable for their learning. However, many academics still report that students are reluctant to participate in a learning activity unless it contributes some marks to their final subject grade. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact on learning of undertaking a series of out-of-class formative learning activities. In addition, for the students that undertook these activities, we are interested in why they chose to participate and what, if any, learning benefits they experienced from participating. In regards to the students that chose not to undertake the activities, we are interested in their reasons for not participating. We are also interested in investigating the impact on students of scaffolding the learning activities used throughout the semester. DESIGN/METHOD For the Autumn 2012 offering of Engineering Mechanics, out-of-class formative learning activities were designed for four topics in the syllabus. These activities required the students to read the relevant section of the textbook and subsequently answer multiple-choice questions provided online including entering comments to explain their chosen answer. While there were no marks allocated to these activities, the instructor did allocate more time in lectures to the material related to questions with the largest variation in responses. Students who answered the online questions could log back on at the end of the submission period to compare their responses to the instructorâs answers and reasoning. At the conclusion of the semester students were asked to complete a survey consisting of both closed and open-ended questions to investigate their perceptions of the effects of the online activities. Descriptive statistic...

Gay, V & Leijdekkers, P 1970, 'Personalised Mobile Health and Fitness Apps: Lessons learned from myFitnessCompanion®.', pHealth, 9th International Conference on Wearable Micro and Nano Technologies for Personalized Health, IOS Press, Porto, Portugal, pp. 248-253.
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Smartphone and tablets are slowly but steadily changing the way we look after our health and fitness. Today, many high quality mobile apps are available for users and health professionals and cover the whole health care chain, i.e. information collection, prevention, diagnosis, treatment and monitoring. Our team has developed a mobile health and fitness app called myFitnessCompanion (R) which has been available via Android market since February 2011. The objective of this paper is to share our experience with rolling out a mobile health and fitness app. We discuss the acceptance of health apps by end-users and healthcare industry. We discuss the acceptance of health apps will be distributed in the near future, the use of Personal Health Record (PHR) systems such as Microsoft Health Vault and impact of regulations (FDA) on the future of mobile health apps. The paper is based on seven years of experience by the authors as mobile health and fitness application developers and we discuss the challenges and opportunities for app developers in the health industry.

Ge, J, Ding, GK & Phillips, P 1970, 'Sustainable housing - a case study of heritage building in Hangzhou China', Proceedings of 18th Annual Pacific-Rim Real Estate Society Conference, Pacific Rim Real Estate Conference, PRRES, Adelaide, Australia, pp. 1-11.
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Surrounded by high-rise buildings, some two-storey buildings with black roofs are sited along the Xiaohe (Little River) in the north of Hangzhou, China. The buildings were originally built in the late Qing Dynasty (late 19th century) and restored in 2007 by the Hangzhou municipal government. The architectural materials used in the buildings are mainly concrete for the ground floor and timber to the first floor. Three buildings located at Xiaohe Historical Street were investigated to establish whether traditional buildings performed as well as modern buildings. Hourly temperature and humidity readings from September 2009 to August 2010 were recorded for the selected houses. It was concluded through comparisons that the restored heritage buildings provided similar thermal comfort and conditions to modern buildings.

George, L, Lehmann, T & Hamilton, TJ 1970, 'A reconfigurable buck-boost switched capacitor converter with adaptive gain and discrete frequency scaling control', 2012 19th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (ICECS 2012), 2012 19th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems - (ICECS 2012), IEEE, pp. 869-872.
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This paper presents the design of a reconfigurable buck-boost switched capacitor converter using a novel control method that allows coarse and fine control of the output voltage. The converter uses adaptive gain control, discrete frequency scaling and burst mode switching to regulate the power delivered to a range of output voltages and loads. This control scheme has been implemented in a fully-integrated switched capacitor converter design using a standard bulk CMOS 0.18μm process. Simulation results show that the converter has an output voltage range of 0.8-2.2V, can deliver up to 5mA in load current and can be up to 68% efficient. © 2012 IEEE.

George, L, Lehmann, T & Hamilton, TJ 1970, 'A synchronous buck-boost converter on a Silicon-On-Sapphire 0.5&#x00B5;m process', 2012 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems, APCCAS 2012-2012 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems, IEEE, pp. 348-351.
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This paper presents the design of a synchronous non-inverting buck-boost DC-DC converter on a Silicon-on-Sapphire (SOS) 0.5μm process. The converter uses voltage-mode feedback and PWM control to regulate the power delivered to a range of output voltages and loads. The circuit has been simulated using Cadence and its performance has been measured. The converter has an output voltage range of 1.2-4V and can deliver up to 750 mA. It is up to 92% efficient with a maximum ripple voltage of 80mV and uses significantly less die area than similar converters on standard CMOS processes. © 2012 IEEE.

Gernez, E, Harada, CM, Bootsman, R, Chaczko, Z, Levine, G & Keen, P 1970, 'Protei open source sailing drones: A platform for education in ocean exploration and conservation', 2012 International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET), 2012 11th International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training (ITHET), IEEE.
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The Open-H2O community is developing ocean technology with the aim of co-designing the technology; licensing under the Open Source Software and Hardware protocols; and gathering ocean data from its different technology users and developers. Protei is a fleet of autonomous, shape-shifting, sailing vessels for ocean exploration and conservation, created by the Open-H2O community. This paper presents the tools and learning environments used during the development of Protei, and the opportunities created in terms of education and engagement of the Public, Scientific and Industrial sectors. Three case studies are presented, concluding with the challenges and education perspectives lying in the growth of the Open-H2O community. © 2012 IEEE.

Ghobadi, Y, Pradhan, B, Kabiri, K, Pirasteh, S, Shafri, HZM & Sayyad, GA 1970, 'Use of multi-temporal remote sensing data and GIS for wetland change monitoring and degradation', 2012 IEEE Colloquium on Humanities, Science and Engineering (CHUSER), 2012 IEEE Colloquium on Humanities, Science and Engineering (CHUSER), IEEE, pp. 103-108.
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Ghosni, N, Samali, B & Vessalas, K 1970, 'Evaluation of mechanical properties of carpet fibre reinforced concrete', From materials to structures: Advancement through innovation, Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, CRC Press, Sydney, Australia, pp. 275-279.
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Incorporating suitable material in concrete to improve its performance is an important consideration in the construction industry. Using short fibres as an additive to improve its mechanical properties has been of great attention. Different types of fibres can be used as intrinsic reinforcement to enhance concrete performance. Some of the fibres used in concrete are recycled waste materials such as carpet fibres. This paper aims to investigate the static properties of fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) utilising short carpet fibres shredded and prepared from the carpet industry waste. Thereafter, the economic considerations regarding use of carpet fibres in concrete are discussed. There have not been any comprehensive studies on the effectiveness of carpet fibres in concrete, whereas there is a more comprehensive literature available for other types of fibres such as steel fibres. The effect of adding recycled carpet fibres on the strength development of FRC have been studied and the results are compared to control concrete. Fresh properties i.e. slump, air content and wet density and hardened properties i.e. compressive strength and modulus of rupture after 7 and 28 days of ageing are reported.

Ghosni, N, Vessalas, K & Samali, B 1970, 'Evaluation of fresh properties effect on the compressive strength of polypropylene fibre reinforced polymer modified concrete', From Materials to Structures: Advancement through Innovation - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 22ND AUSTRALASIAN CONFERENCE ON THE MECHANICS OF STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS, Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, CRC Press, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA, pp. 1123-1127.
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Investigations on the characteristics of Fibre Reinforced Concrete (FRC) have gained momentum in the last fewdecades. Employing suitable polymeric fibres and additives in concrete to improve its performance is an important consideration in the construction industry. This research aims to investigative the effect of polypropylene (PP) fibre volume percentage within the concrete mix with and without the presence of polymeric materials on the rheological properties of concrete and its behaviour under compression. PP fibres exhibit low elastic modulus, high elongation and are of low cost, making these fibres most suitable for inclusion in Polymer Modified Concrete (PMC). Traditionally, PP fibres are used in concrete to reduce plastic shrinkage and micro cracking. Accompanying PP fibre additions to PMCs are often styrene butadiene (SB) copolymer latex additions; used to improve the bonding of PP fibres in the cementing matrix. This paper reports on the findings of using different percentages of PP fibres with PMCs incorporating 10% SB latex and 30% fly ash (FA) for partial replacement of Portland cement. Slump, mass per unit volume, air content, high range water reducer agents amount and compressive strength, will be assessed and compared to plain concrete devoid of PP fibre, SB latex and FA additions, after period of curing applied at 7, 28 and 56 days of ageing.

Ghous, H, Kennedy, PJ, Ho, N & Catchpoole, DR 1970, 'Functional visualisation of genes using singular value decomposition', Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series, Australian Data Mining Conference, Australian Computer Society, Sydney, Australia, pp. 53-59.
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Progress in understanding core pathways and processes of cancer requires thorough analysis of many coding regions of the genome. New insights are hampered due to the lack of tools to make sense of large lists of genes identified using high throughput technology. Data mining, particularly visualisation that finds relationships between genes and the Gene Ontology (GO), has the potential to assist in functional understanding. This paper addresses the question of how well GO annotations can help in functional understanding of genes. We augment genes with associated GO terms and visualise with Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). Meaning of derived components is further interpreted using correlations to GO terms. The results demonstrate that SVD visualisation of GO-augmented genes matches the biological understanding expected in the simulated data and presents understanding of childhood cancer genes that aligns with published results.

Gill, AQ & Bunker, D 1970, 'Crowd Sourcing Challenges Assessment Index for Disaster Management.', AMCIS, Americas Conference on Information Systems, Association for Information Systems, Seattle, USA, pp. 4428-4438.
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Emergency agencies (EA) rely on inter-agency approaches to information management during disasters. EA have shown a significant interest in the use of cloud-based social media such as Twitter and Facebook for crowd-sourcing and distribution of disaster information. While the intentions are clear, the question of what are its major challenges are not. EA have a need to recognise the challenges in the use of social media under their local circumstances. This paper analysed the recent literature, 2010 Haiti earthquake and 2010-11 Queensland flood cases and developed a crowd sourcing challenges assessment index construct specific to EA areas of interest. We argue that, this assessment index, as a part of our large conceptual framework of context aware cloud adaptation (CACA), can be useful for the facilitation of citizens, NGOs and government agencies in a strategy for use of social media for crowd sourcing, in preventing, preparing for, responding to and recovering from disasters. © (2012) by the AIS/ICIS Administrative Office All rights reserved.

Gill, AQ, Bunker, D & Seltsikas, P 1970, 'Evaluating a communication technology assessment tool (CTAT): A case of a cloud based communication tool', Proceedings - Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, PACIS 2012, Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, AIS, Ho Chi Min, Vietnam, pp. 1-13.
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A primary concern of distributed adaptive development environment (DADE) is that of human communication and knowledge sharing among geographically dispersed developers. Emerging cloudbased communication technologies claim to provide a support for communication and knowledge sharing among developers in a DADE. However, the challenge is how to enable developers to self assess and select appropriate cloud-based communication technologies for their DADE. Based on our recent empirical study, we have developed the construct of a practical communication technologies assessment tool (CTAT). We argue that, CTAT construct, as a part of our large conceptual framework of context aware cloud adaptation (CACA), can be useful to assist developers in the self assessment of appropriate cloud-based communication technologies for their DADE. This paper presents the evaluation of the CTAT by using it for the assessment of the Force.com cloud-based Chatter communication tool. The main objective of this evaluation is to determine to what extent CTAT construct is relevant, valuable and sufficient to achieve its purpose. The results of this evaluation indicate that CTAT seems useful when performing vendor independent assessment of communication technologies in order to make an informed decision about the selection of a communication tool for the DADE.

Gluga, R, Kay, J, Lister, R & Teague, D 1970, 'On the reliability of classifying programming tasks using a neo-piagetian theory of cognitive development', Proceedings of the ninth annual international conference on International computing education research, ICER '12: International Computing Education Research Conference, ACM, Auckland, New Zealand, pp. 31-38.
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Abstract: Recent research has proposed Neo-Piagetian theory as a useful way of describing the cognitive development of novice programmers. Neo-Piagetian theory may also be a useful way to classify materials used in learning and assessment. If Neo-Piagetian coding of learning resources is to be useful then it is important that practitioners can learn it and apply it reliably. We describe the design of an interactive web-based tutorial for Neo-Piagetian categorization of assessment tasks. We also report an evaluation of the tutorial's effectiveness, in which twenty computer science educators participated. The average classification accuracy of the participants on each of the three Neo-Piagetian stages were 85%, 71% and 78%. Participants also rated their agreement with the expert classifications, and indicated high agreement (91%, 83% and 91% across the three Neo-Piagetian stages). Self-rated confidence in applying Neo-Piagetian theory to classifying programming questions before and after the tutorial were 29% and 75% respectively. Our key contribution is the demonstration of the feasibility of the Neo-Piagetian approach to classifying assessment materials, by demonstrating that it is learnable and can be applied reliably by a group of educators. Our tutorial is freely available as a community resource.

Gluga, R, Kay, J, Lister, R, Kleitman, S & Lever, T 1970, 'Coming to terms with Bloom: An online tutorial for teachers of programming fundamentals', Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series, Australasian Computing Education Conference, Australian Computer Society Inc, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 147-156.
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This paper describes a web-based interactive tutorial that enables computer science tutors and lecturers to practice applying the Bloom Taxonomy in classifying programming exam questions. The structure, design and content of the tutorial are described in detail. The results of an evaluation with ten participants highlight important problem areas in the application of Bloom to programming assessments. The key contributions are the content and design of this tutorial and the insights derived from its evaluation. These are important results in continued work on methods of measuring learning progression in programming fundamentals.

Gluga, R, Kay, J, Lister, R, Kleitman, S & Lever, T 1970, 'Over-confidence and confusion in using bloom for programming fundamentals assessment', Proceedings of the 43rd ACM technical symposium on Computer Science Education, SIGCSE '12: The 43rd ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education, ACM, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA, pp. 147-152.
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Abstract: This paper describes a web-based interactive tutorial that enables computer science tutors and lecturers to practice applying the Bloom Taxonomy in classifying programming exam questions. The structure, design and content of the tutorial are described in detail. The results of an evaluation with ten participants highlight important problem areas in the application of Bloom to programming assessments. The key contributions are the content and design of this tutorial and the insights derived from its evaluation. These are important results in continued work on methods of measuring learning progression in programming fundamentals.

Gluga, R, Kay, J, Lister, RF & Lever, T 1970, 'A unified model for embedding learning standards into university curricula for effective accreditation and quality assurance', Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference of the Australasian Association for Engineering Education, AAEE - Annual Conference of Australasian Association for Engineering Education, The Engineering & Science Education Research (ESER) group, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1-9.

Goldfinch, T, Leigh, EE, Dawes, L, Gardner, AP & McCarthy, T 1970, 'Engineering Across Cultures: New learning resources for intercultural competency in engineering', Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference for the Australasian Association for Engineering Education, AAEE - Annual Conference of Australasian Association for Engineering Education, The Engineering & Science Education Research (ESER) group, Faculty of Engineering & Industrial Scien, Melbourne, Victoria, pp. 1-9.
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BACKGROUND The work described in this paper has emerged from an ALTC/OLT funded project, Exploring Intercultural Competency in Engineering. The project indentified many facets of culture and intercultural competence that go beyond a culture-as-nationality paradigm. It was clear from this work that resources were needed to help engineering educators introduce students to the complex issues of culture as they relate to engineering practice. A set of learning modules focussing on intercultural competence in engineering practice were developed early on in the project. Through the OLT project, these modules have been expanded into a range of resources covering various aspects of culture in engineering. Supporting the resources, an eBook detailing the ins and outs of intercultural competency has also been developed to assist engineering educators to embed opportunities for students to develop skills in unpacking and managing cross-cultural challenges in engineering practice. PURPOSE This paper describes the key principles behind the development of the learning modules, the areas they cover and the eBook developed to support the modules. The paper is intended as an introduction to the approaches and resources and extends an invitation to the community to draw from, and contribute to this initial work.

Goldsmith, R, Willey, K & Boud, DJ 1970, 'How can writing develop students' deep approaches to learning in the engineering curriculum?', Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference for the Australasian Association for Engineering Education - The Profession of Engineering Education: Advancing Teaching, Research and Careers, AAEE - Annual Conference of Australasian Association for Engineering Education, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1-8.
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BACKGROUND Recent national and international research has identified a number of gaps in the development of engineering graduate capabilities: one is the real-world problem-solving ability, which is linked to a lack of integration of theoretical and practical knowledge (ASEE 2009; King,2008; Royal Academy of Engineering, 2006; Sheppard, Macatanga, Colby & Sullivan 2009; Male, Bush & Chapman 2009; Walther & Radcliffe 2007). Another is written (and spoken) communication (King, 2008; Male, Bush & Chapman 2011). There is strong evidence to indicate that these gaps occur in part as a result of a predominance of engineering curricula in universities which emphasise knowledge acquisition, and the prevailing assessment tasks that focus learning on atomised pieces of knowledge. Such an approach encourages surface learning approaches, resulting in graduates who may lack the integrated knowledge required for engineering practice and who have limited communication capabilities. PURPOSE There is, however, a body of research that suggests deep approaches to learning in the disciplines can be achieved through particular kinds of writing that provide the opportunity to explore concepts which link theory and practice, thus developing both writing ability and integrated understanding. This paper presents the preliminary phase of a study to investigate the strategic use of discursive writing to foster both a deeper approach to learning and enhanced written communication skills in the engineering curriculum. The study focuses on discursive writing as a means of providing students with the opportunity to explore the theories and concepts that they are learning, in order to integrate knowledge from different parts of the curriculum and to link the theories to engineering practice. DESIGN/METHOD In order to investigate how writing is currently practised and assessed in Australian engineering curricula, a preliminary analysis of written assessment tasks in a unit of study in t...

Golsteijn, C, van den Hoven, E, Frohlich, D & Sellen, A 1970, 'Towards a more cherishable digital object', Proceedings of the Designing Interactive Systems Conference, DIS '12: Designing Interactive Systems Conference 2012, ACM, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, pp. 655-664.
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As we go about our everyday routines we encounter and interact with numerous physical (e.g. furniture or clothes) and digital objects (e.g. photos or e-mails). Some of these objects may be particular cherished, for example because of memories attached to them. As several studies into cherished objects have shown, we have more difficulties identifying cherished digital objects than physical ones. However, cherishing a small collection of digital objects can be beneficial; e.g. it can encourage active selection of digital objects to keep and discard. This paper presents a study that aimed to increase understanding of cherished physical and digital objects, and beyond that, of how we perceive physical and digital objects, and their advantages and disadvantages. We identified design opportunities for novel products and systems that support the creation of more cherishable digital objects by extrapolating the advantages of the physical to the digital, exploiting the reasons for cherishing digital objects, and aiming for meaningful integrations of physical and digital.

Goriel, K, Avakian, V & Huynh, BP 1970, 'Study of Natural Ventilation Flow in a Room Fitted With a Solar Chimney', Volume 6: Energy, Parts A and B, ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Houston, Texas, USA, pp. 1359-1367.
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The past few decades have seen a considerable change in terms of technological innovation. The recent technological trend is a shift towards the incorporation of natural processes such as hydro, solar and wind in design and implementation. For the purpose of this report, a miniaturised solar chimney test rig was constructed which utilises the principles of natural ventilation. Analysis of similar types of technologies was conducted and various ideas considered in the construction of the test rig. Computational fluid dynamics software was also used in conjunction with the experiment to see the similarities associated with the experiment and software package, taking into account the limitation of various instruments. A comprehensive experimental and theoretical approach was developed and reported.

Goul, M, Marjanovic, O, Baxley, S & Vizecky, K 1970, 'Managing the Enterprise Business Intelligence App Store: Sentiment Analysis Supported Requirements Engineering.', HICSS, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 4168-4177.
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This paper posits that an app store delivery model for enterprise business intelligence is inevitable due to compelling business and technology drivers. A model of how employees will adopt BI apps is advanced based on theoretical foundations and recent thinking regarding how IT artifacts are becoming perceived of as "social actors within one's network." The theory cited asserts that individual's resource management instincts impact sentiment. Repeated app usage is clarified as ongoing appropriation. Actual app store review data is used to test the proposition that sentiment analysis can aid in addressing current practice bottlenecks in requirements engineering. A sentiment analysis tool suite is applied to over 5000 reviews of productivity apps as a proof of concept. Findings support that sentiment analysis can address current bottlenecks to requirements engineering, but that certain types of reviews tend to elude algorithmic analysis. Future needs for sentiment analysis algorithms in the space are suggested. © 2012 IEEE.

Grandal, J, Grassman, TJ, Carlin, AM, Brenner, MR, Galiana, B, Carlin, JA, Yang, L, Mills, MJ & Ringel, SA 1970, 'Growth and characterization of InGaAs quantum dots on metamorphic GaAsP templates by molecular beam epitaxy', 2012 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 2012 IEEE 38th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), IEEE.
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Grassman, TJ, Carlin, AM, Grandal, J, Ratcliff, C, Yang, L, Mills, MJ & Ringel, SA 1970, 'Spectrum-optimized Si-based III-V multijunction photovoltaics', SPIE Proceedings, SPIE OPTO, SPIE.
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Guo, Y, Dehestani, D, Li, J, Wall, J, West, S & Su, S 1970, 'Intelligent outlier detection for HVAC system fault detection', 10th International Conference on Healthy Buildings 2012, Healthy Buildings, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, pp. 1553-1554.

Guo, Y, Lei, G, Zhu, J & Pham, DH 1970, 'Performance analysis of a permanet magnet SMC transverse flux motor with multiobjective optimization strategy', 2012 22nd Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference: 'Green Smart Grid Systems', AUPEC 2012, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, IEEE, Bali, Indonesia, pp. 1-6.
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This paper presents the performance analysis of two different multiobjective optimization schemes for a permanent magnet transverse flux motor (TFM) drive, in which soft magnetic composite (SMC) material is employed as the motor core. Firstly, deterministic multiobjective optimization method is introduced for developing the SMC TFM motor drive while taking into account the unique properties of SMC. Secondly, robust multiobjective optimization method is presented to improve the reliability of the drive from the point of view of industrial application. The optimization results show that the performances of the drive system with robust design optimization have improved a lot compared with deterministic design optimization; the designed products have very low probability of failure against manufacturing error and environment variation; this is crucial in modern quality control. Furthermore, the users have flexibility to choose among a series of optimal results in those obtained multiobjective optimization solutions. © 2012 Institut Teknologi Sepulul.

Guo, Y, Zeng, J, Zhu, J, Lin, Z & Li, Y 1970, 'Magnetic Hysteresis of Magnetorheological Fluid under 2D Rotating Magnetic Field Excitation', the 13th International Conference on Electrorheological Fluids and Magnetorheological Suspensions: Book of Abstracts, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey, pp. 1-2.

Guo, YJ 1970, 'Antenna and RF technologies for future wireless communications systems', 2012 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation, 2012 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation (APCAP), IEEE, Singapore, Singapore, pp. 74-75.
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Owing to spectrum scarcity, omnipresence of interference, size restrictions and cost limitations, the proliferation of wireless communications systems has posed several major challenges to antenna and RF designers. This calls for new antenna technologies and advanced RF receivers for future systems. In this paper, research activities in wireless communications at CSIRO will be presented. In particular, we will focus on two areas, namely, reconfigurable antennas and integrated receivers employing high temperature superconducting (HTS) devices. The former would ease the demand on antenna real estate and enhance system performance. The latter would increase the sensitivity of receivers, thus enabling low power operation, greater coverage and the employment of novel interference cancellation techniques. © 2012 IEEE.

Guzman-Quiros, R, Gomez-Tornero, JL, Garcia-Vigueras, M, Weily, AR & Guo, YJ 1970, 'Novel topology of Fabry-Perot electronically steerable leaky-wave antenna', 2012 6th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP), 2012 6th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), IEEE, pp. 224-228.
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A novel topology of electronically-steerable one-dimensional Fabry-Perot leaky-wave antenna (LWA) is proposed. The structure is based on a host parallel-plate waveguide (PPW) which encloses a Fabry-Perot cavity created by two printed-circuits boards (PCB): a top planar partially reflective surface (PRS) and a bottom tunable high impedance surface (HIS) loaded with varactors. The control of the scattering properties of the bottom tunable HIS by the variation of the varactors’ capacitance enables control of the Fabry-Perot cavity resonance and thus the scanning of the antenna pointing angle from broadside towards the endfire direction at a fixed frequency. Full-wave simulations obtained with commercial finite element method solver (HFSS) demonstrate as a proof of concept a continuous scanning range of the pointing angle from 5° to 50° at a design frequency of 5.6 GHz. © 2012 IEEE.

Haddad, A, Su, SW, Celler, BG & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Enhancement Interval Training Exercise based on the Analysis of Dynamic Cardio-Respiratory Response', Biomedical Engineering / 765: Telehealth / 766: Assistive Technologies, Biomedical Engineering, ACTAPRESS, Innsbruck, Austria, pp. 458-464.
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Interval training is an effective method of improving aerobic function and cardiovascular fitness. Heart rate (HR) and oxygen uptake (VO2) are major indicators of human cardiovascular response to exercises. This study investigates human heart rate as well as oxygen uptake response dynamics to running exercises. Eight healthy male subjects were asked to run on a motor-controlled treadmill under a predefined running protocol. Heart rate and oxygen consumption were monitored and recorded using a COSMED portable gas analyzer (K4b2, Cosmed). The running protocol was repeated twice by each subject and averaged values were taken of each data set to reduce the influence of various internal and environmental factors on the measurements. Experimental results showed that the time constant of offset exercise for both heart rate and oxygen uptake is longer than that of onset exercise; they also showed that VO2 reached the steady state faster than heart rate for both onset and offset cases. These experimental results will also be used to build an interval training protocol. This study also showed how onset and offset time constants, as well as onset and offset steady state gains of an average VO2 profile can be used to simulate an interval training protocol.

Haider, S, Abidi, SR & Williams, M-A 1970, 'On evolving a dynamic bipedal walk using Partial Fourier Series', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO), 2012 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO), IEEE, Guangzhou, China, pp. 8-13.
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The paper presents a Partial Fourier Series (PFS) based bipedal gait in sagittal and transverse planes. The parameters of the Fourier series are optimized through Evolutionary Algorithms (EA). In addition to evolving the two walks (forward and turn) separately, the paper demonstrates how the combination of the two enables a dynamic and adjustable walk. The stability of the walk is ensured through an effective use of the built-in gyroscope sensor. The evolved walk has been tested on the simulated version of the humanoid Nao robot and is being used within the RoboCup Soccer 3D Simulation competition

Hailu, M, Crews, KI, Gerber, C & S, R 1970, 'LONG âTERM EXPERIMENTAL TEST ON TIMBERCONCRETE COMPOSITE BEAMS', World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2012), Curran association, Auckland, New Zealand, pp. 249-250.
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The paper presents the results and observations of the long-term test to date. It will discuss numerical models found in the literature and examine their fitness to predict the long-term behavioural responses of the specimens. Recommendations for the long-term design of TCC solutions are also presented.

Hailu, M, Gerber, C, Shrestha, R & Crews, K 1970, 'Interim report on long-term test on timber-concrete composite beams', World Conference on Timber Engineering 2012, WCTE 2012, pp. 80-85.
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A long term laboratory investigation started in August 2010 at the University of Technology, Sydney. The test is conducted on four 5.8m span LVL-concrete composite beams (referred to as TCC beams here onwards) beams with four different connector types: Type 17 screws, four and six notches with coach screw and SFS screws. The materials used are Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) for the beams and 32 MPa concrete for the flanges. The investigation is still continuing. The specimens have been under sustained loads of (1.7kPa) whilst the environmental conditions have been cyclically alternated between normal and very humid conditions whilst the temperature remains quasi constant (22 °C) - typical cycle duration is six to eight weeks. With regard to EC 5, the environmental conditions can be classified as service class 3 where the relative humidity of the air exceeds 85% and the moisture content of the timber samples reaches 20%. During the test, the mid-span deflection, moisture content of the timber beams and relative humidity of the air are continuously monitored. The paper presents the results and observations of the long-term test to date. It will discuss numerical models found in the literature and examine their fitness to predict the long-term behavioural responses of the specimens. Copyright © (2012) by WCTE 2012 Committee.

Hailu, M, Gerber, C, Shrestha, R & Crews, KI 1970, 'Geomechanics', From materials to structures: Advancement through innovation, Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, CRC Press, Sydney, Australia, pp. 617-670.
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This paper presents a comprehensive serviceability investigation that commenced at the University of Technology, Sydney, in August 2010. The tests have been conducted on two 5.8 m span timber concrete composite beams (referred to as TCC beams here onwards) with two different connector types: Type 17 screws and four notches with coach screws. The materials used are laminated veneer lumber (LVL) for the beams and 32-MPa concrete for the flanges. Three serviceability tests were conducted on the beams, two short-term (quasi-static loading) and one longterm (sustained loading) tests. The short-term tests were completed before the start and after the end of the long-term test. Both short-term tests aim to identify the initial and residual stiffness respectively. The ultimate strength of the specimens was also investigated in the course of the last test. During the long-term test (duration of approximately 500 days), the specimens were under a sustained load (1.7 kPa) whilst the environmental conditions were cyclically alternated between normal and very humid conditions â a typical cycle duration was six to eight weeks. The temperature remained quasi constant (22â¦C). The mid-span deflection, LVL-beam EMC and relative humidity of the air were continuously monitored during the test. This test aim to quantify the creep effect of the TCC beams. The paper starts with a brief literature review, continues with a presentation of the laboratory investigations and then presents a thorough discussion and analysis of the long-term and short-term investigations.

Halkon, B, Webster, J, Mitchell, S & Mientjes, M 1970, 'Development of a test methodology for the assessment of human impacts in sport', Procedia Engineering, 9th Conference of the International-Sports-Engineering-Association (ISEA), Elsevier BV, Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, pp. 813-818.
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The study described in this paper aims to develop a suitable method for the measurement of contact forces, pressures and velocities of simulated human-on-human impacts typical of those experienced within American Football. A thin-film pressure sensor system was chosen to enable the impacts to be quantified, however, initial testing suggested that the measured impact forces were underestimated by circa 30% with the system calibrated in the standard, static pressure manner. A two-stage, dynamic calibration was therefore developed, in which the sensors were subsequently dynamically loaded in a manner more representative of the impacts, allowing an appropriate dynamic calibration factor to be derived. To determine the typical impact force levels experienced in a shoulder-on-thigh impact event, eight subjects were required to perform three 'good' tackles at two different velocities. The processed results identified a peak, transmitted force of 1.1 (0.4) and 1.7 (0.5) kN for 'low' and 'medium' velocities respectively, with corresponding effective areas of application of 70 (22) cm2 and 85 (25) cm2 and contact times of 0.257 (0.098) s and 0.245 (0.112) s respectively. © 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Hallikainen, P, Marjanovic, O, Merisalo-Rantanen, H & Syvaniemi, A 1970, 'Becoming an analytics-based organisation: Strategic agency in the change process in a retail organisation', ACIS 2012 : Proceedings of the 23rd Australasian Conference on Information Systems.
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The paper examines how the upward and downward strategic influences of the head of the BI unit in the case organization have evolved over time and the BI perspective became legitimate in the organization. The analysis covers a decade long period of time. We engaged in an Action Research (AR) inquiry where the change process was explored through the first-hand experiences of one of the co-authors. The model of the strategic agency of middle managers was applied in the analysis. We analyse the evolution as well as the enablers and constraints of the strategic agency of the head of the BI unit in the case organisation and identify the type of strategic agency exhibited in the case. Petri Hallikainen, Olivera Marjanovic, Hilkka Merisalo-Rantanen and Antti Syvaniemi © 2012.

Hallikainen, P, Merisalo-Rantanen, H, Syvaniemi, A & Marjanovic, O 1970, 'From Home-Made to Strategy-Enabling Business Intelligence: the Transformational Journey of a Retail Organisation.', ECIS, pp. 28-28.
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The paper examines how a retail organisation transformed from home-made Business Intelligence (BI) to a mature BI-based organisation, over a decade long period of time. We engaged in an Action Research (AR) inquiry where the transformation was explored through the first-hand experiences of one of the co-authors. Concepts from the organisational learning theory are used to analyse the organisational transformation and develop an in-depth understanding of the role of BI applications in this process. Central to the transformational process was an organisational champion and the shadow BI community that promoted BI-thinking across the organisation. As the mental models of individual organisational members transformed, through small-scale BI innovations, BI started to have a transformational impact on human work. Once the strategic importance of BI became the shared mental model in the organisation, BI became a strategic transformer, impacting the strategy as well as the strategy development process that became BI-enabled and driven.

Handojoseno, AMA, Shine, JM, Nguyen, TN, Tran, Y, Lewis, SJG & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'The detection of Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's disease patients using EEG signals based on Wavelet decomposition', 2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2012 34th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), IEEE, San Diego, California, USA, pp. 69-72.
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Freezing of Gait (FOG) is one of the most disabling gait disturbances of Parkinsonâs disease (PD). The experience has often been described as â feeling like their feet have been glued to the floor while trying to walkâ and as such it is a common cause of falling in PD patients. In this paper, EEG subbands Wavelet Energy and Total Wavelet Entropy were extracted using the multiresolution decomposition of EEG signal based on the Discrete Wavelet Transform and were used to analyze the dynamics in the EEG during freezing. The Back Propagation Neural Network classifier has the ability to identify the onset of freezing of PD patients during walking using these features with average values of accuracy, sensitivity and specificity are around 75 %. This results have proved the feasibility of utilized EEG in future treatment of FOG.

Hartung, J, Baudzus, B & Deuse, J 1970, 'A Life Cycle Oriented Evaluation of Changeable Manufacturing and Assembly Systems', Leveraging Technology for a Sustainable World - Proceedings of the 19th CIRP Conference on Life Cycle Engineering, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 357-362.
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Today's companies have to face a rapidly changing production environment which raises the need for a quick and cost effective possibility to adapt the production to different demands. The principle of the changeability represents an important approach to face this situation. Within this paper a practicable and cost effective methodology is presented to evaluate the changeability of manufacturing and assembly systems. The methodology enables a target-oriented implementation of changeability. It offers different users a possibility to identify actual lacks of changeability and allows a life cycle oriented design of manufacturing and assembly systems.

Hasan, MA, Xu, M, He, X & Chen, L 1970, 'Shot Classification Using Domain Specific Features for Movie Management', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International Conference on DASFAA, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Busan, South Korea, pp. 314-318.
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Among many video types, movie content indexing and retrieval is a significantly challenging task because of the wide variety of shooting techniques and the broad range of genres. A movie consists of a series of video shots. Managing a movie at shot level provides a feasible way for movie understanding and summarization. Consequently, an effective shot classification is greatly desired for advanced movie management. In this demo, we explore novel domain specific features for effective shot classification. Experimental results show that the proposed method classifies movie shots from wide range of movie genres with improved accuracy compared to existing work. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

Hawryszkiewycz, IT 1970, 'A Design Framework for Collaboration in Systems of Systems', Lecture Notes in Computer Science, International Conference on Electronic Government and Information Systems Perspective, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Austria, pp. 67-78.
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Many government and industry enterprises are growing in complexity and must provide solutions that address combination of many systems that make up the enterprise. Such solutions require a variety of stakeholders to agree on visions and collaborate to work towards achieving this vision. This work must combine the knowledge created in different stakeholder knowledge domains while being moderated by values and goals of other stakeholders. Such stakeholders often have differences in opinions which must be resolved through collaboration to lead to commitments and behavioral changes needed to achieve the vision. In many situations this is achieved by developing a policy that defines what is expected of each community. Information technology is increasingly suggested to support such policy processes to achieve satisfactory results in minimal time. The paper then proposes a framework for such policy processes using technology. It defines the process characteristics found in system of systems and defines the role structures needed to maintain sustainable collaboration. It describes a way for analysts to create a collaborative architecture that defines the roles and responsibilities of participants within the policy formation process and illustrates with some examples.

He, Y, Su, Y, Dutkiewicz, E, Huang, X & Shi, J 1970, 'An efficient implementation of uplink baseband signal generator in LTE UE transmitters', 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia, pp. 444-448.
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An efficient hardware-optimized uplink baseband signal generation algorithm and its ASIC implementation in the LTE user equipment (UE) transmitter are presented in this paper. Optimization covers top level as well as module level. A paralleled Turbo encoder and a Cooley-Tukey based DFT are proposed. The optimized algorithm achieves significantly lower computational complexity compared with the original algorithm in the LTE specification and better performance compared to the existing results. The ASIC architecture is designed to reduce the logic complexity and implemented in 55nm CMOS, which achieves short time latency and low hardware cost in terms of the cell area. © 2012 IEEE.

Heitor, A, Indraratna, B & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 1970, 'Characterising compacted soil using shear wave velocity and matric suction', Australian Geomechanics Journal, pp. 79-86.
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The manner in which soil compacts governs the practical and reliable criteria in controlling compaction in the field. A nuclear density meter, based on radioactive isotopes, is the method most commonly used for field compaction, and while it performs well for controlling placement, its localised nature is not suitable for deeper fills or for assessing larger surface areas. In those types of conditions, alternative non-destructive methods should be considered. Numerous research studies have focused on the characteristics of compacted soil at its optimum moisture content under saturated conditions, but only a few have evaluated compacted soil under unsaturated conditions using surface wave and shear wave velocity surveys. This study explores the performance of a cost effective method for evaluating the characteristics of compacted fills by measuring the shear wave velocity and matric suction to evaluate the void ratio or dry density of compacted soil. Laboratory studies of compacted specimens were used to evaluate this method and their performance under different isotropic confining pressures. The results showed that the shear wave velocity and matric suction can effectively predict how the soil will compact, but its success requires field measurements of both shear wave velocity and matric suction. The application of this relationship would enable practitioners to efficiently control compaction over large areas during post-construction stages, and locate areas within the existing formations where the soil was not sufficiently compacted.

Heusdens, R, Zhang, G, Hendriks, RC, Zeng, Y & Kleijn, WB 1970, 'Distributed MVDR beamforming for (wireless) microphone networks using message passing', International Workshop on Acoustic Signal Enhancement, IWAENC 2012.
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In this paper we present a distributed algorithm for MVDR beamforming which is based on message passing. The message-passing algorithm performs generalized linear-coordinate descent (GLiCD) operations to exchange messages between neighboring microphone nodes, which converges increasingly fast as the noise correlation matrix becomes more and more diagonal. The algorithm makes use of a trade-off parameter which controls the off-diagonal energy of the noise correlation matrix. For the case the noise correlation matrix is truly diagonal, the performance of the GLiCD algorithm is equivalent to that of the delay-and-sum beamformer (DSB). The algorithm does not require any constraint on the network topology, is fully scalable and can exploit sparse network geometries, thereby making it suitable for distributed signal processing in large scale networks.

Hill, J, Williams, P & Herries, D 1970, 'An investigation into the effect of receiving side arrangements on measurements made in accordance with ISO 7235', Proceedings - European Conference on Noise Control, pp. 537-542.
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ISO 7235 specifies the substitution method for the determination of insertion loss of ducted silencers. The substitution method involves taking sound pressure level measurements with the test object in place and when the object has been replaced by a substitution duct. For the measurement of the transmitted wave the standard gives three methods, which are, in order of preference, 1) In a reverberation room, 2) In a test duct after the silencer and 3) In an essentially free field. An identical silencer has been measured on two different silencer test rigs complying to the requirements of ISO 7235, one with a reverberation room termination and one using the induct method with anechoic termination. An analysis of the effect of the receiving side equipment on the experimental results is then carried out. The ISO 7235 standard is used for measuring most types of dissipative silencers including those in HVAC systems and intakes or exhausts of flue gases. It can also be used for measurements of other ductwork components such as bends, T-connectors and air-terminal units. © European Acoustics Association.

Himstedt, M, Alempijevic, A, Zhao, L, Huang, S & Boehme, H-J 1970, 'Towards robust vision-based self-localization of vehicles in dense urban environments', 2012 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2012 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2012), IEEE, Algarve, Portugal, pp. 3152-3157.
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Self-localization of ground vehicles in densely populated urban environments poses a significant challenge. The presence of tall buildings in close proximity to traversable areas limits the use of GPS-based positioning techniques in such environments. This paper presents an approach to global localization on a hybrid metric-topological map using a monocular camera and wheel odometry. The global topology is built upon spatially separated reference places represented by local image features. In contrast to other approaches we employ a feature selection scheme ensuring a more discriminative representation of reference places while simultaneously rejecting a multitude of features caused by dynamic objects. Through fusion with additional local cues the reference places are assigned discrete map positions allowing metric localization within the map. The self-localization is carried out by associating observed visual features with those stored for each reference place. Comprehensive experiments in a dense urban environment covering a time difference of about 9 months are carried out. This demonstrates the robustness of our approach in environments subjected to high dynamic and environmental changes. © 2012 IEEE.

Hoang, DB & Kamyabpour, N 1970, 'An Energy Driven Architecture for Wireless Sensor Networks', 2012 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING, APPLICATIONS, AND TECHNOLOGIES (PDCAT 2012), International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies, IEEE, Beijing, China, pp. 10-15.
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Most wireless sensor networks operate with very limited energy sources-their batteries, and hence their usefulness in real life applications is severely constrained. The challenging issues are how to optimize the use of their energy or to harvest their own energy in order to lengthen their lives for wider classes of application. Tackling these important issues requires a robust architecture that takes into account the energy consumption level of functional constituents and their interdependency. Without such architecture, it would be difficult to formulate and optimize the overall energy consumption of a wireless sensor network. Unlike most current researches that focus on a single energy constituent of WSNs independent from and regardless of other constituents, this paper presents an Energy Driven Architecture (EDA) as a new architecture and indicates a novel approach for minimising the total energy consumption of a WSN.

Hoang, DB & Pham, C 1970, 'Connectivity abstractions and &#x201C;service-oriented network&#x201D; architecture', 2012 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC), 2012 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC), IEEE, Maui, HI, USA, pp. 337-342.
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Current generation networks have been designed only for network connectivity; they have been stretched to the limit with many afterthought add-on features including quality of service, mobility, programmability, and security so that they can be deployed for business applications and processes. As such, service deployment on current networks are difficult, time consuming and with limited successes. This paper suggests a service architecture based on network connectivity abstraction, user connectivity abstraction and application/service connectivity abstraction. The paper also proposes a service-oriented network (SON) architecture that facilitates the development of services and applications regardless of the underlying network access technologies. The architecture is conceived through the consideration of the essential requirements of generic Internet applications from the service and network providers' perspective that addresses the Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) application deployment pattern, user location and device mobility, and the structure of IP-converged networks.

Hoang, DB, Elliott, D, Mckinley, S, Nanda, P, Schulte, J & Duc Nguyen 1970, 'Tele-monitoring techniques to support recovery at home for survivors of a critical illness', 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology (ISSPIT), 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology (ISSPIT), IEEE, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, pp. 101-106.
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This paper proposes and explores the design of a system that includes sensor-based procedures and techniques for remote physiological sensing and functional assessment for these individuals. The remote monitoring (e.g. heart rate, SpOz level) and assessment system (6-minute walk test) was developed to support the recovery of survivors following a critical illness after their hospital discharge. The paper suggests a new model of care, through a clinician-patient remote monitoring loop, that will enable minimisation of the cost of frequent home visits and allow patients to recover safely in their home environment. © 2012 IEEE.

Hoang, DT & Niyato, D 1970, 'Performance analysis of cognitive machine-to-machine communications', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Communication Systems (ICCS), 2012 IEEE International Conference on Communication Systems (ICCS), IEEE, Singapore, SINGAPORE, pp. 245-249.
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Hoang, DT, Niyato, D & Wang, P 1970, 'Optimal admission control policy for mobile cloud computing hotspot with cloudlet', 2012 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), 2012 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), IEEE, Paris, FRANCE, pp. 3145-3149.
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Holmes, MI, Crews, KI & Ding, GK 1970, 'Supply chain management strategies for engineered-to-order timber structural systems', Construction, building and real estate conference, Construction, Building and Real Estate Research Conference (COBRA), Arizona State University, Las Vegas, Nevada USA, pp. 1478-1485.
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Supply Chain Management (SCM) originated in the manufacturing industry and then in the construction industry in the mid 1990s. SCM is the management of the entire supply chain instead of individual parts or processes. Its aim is to deliver improved transparency and alignment of the industry's supply chain coordination and positively influence time, cost and quality aspects. Time and cost are important factors that developers and clients use to measure the success of projects. Prefabricated timber structural systems for multi-storey construction are a new innovation, as such time and cost aspects are critical to their commercial viability in the construction industry. They are an engineered-to-order (ETO) product and most SCM literature has neglected the needs of the ETO sector, in particular prefabricated timber structural systems. This paper aims to review the current state-of-art of SCM used in construction and discuss how it can best be adopted for prefabricated timber systems with a focus on improving time and cost. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with industry professionals across the supply chain of timber construction with the aim of identifying which areas of the supply chain have the greatest impact on time and cost. SCM strategies are then suggested to address these areas.

Holmes, MI, Crews, KI & Ding, GK 1970, 'SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR MULTISTOREY TIMBER CONSTRUCTION IN AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND', World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2012), Curran association, Auckland, New Zealand, pp. 171-172.
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Multi-storey non-residential buildings are a potential area that timber products could be used as structural elements. Two major barriers to timbers use in non-residential construction in Australia and New Zealand (NZ) have been identified as overall designer confidence and fire performance. Another important area that posses as a potential barrier to an increase in timbers use in multi-storey buildings is the current supply chain. Literature has outlined there historically hasnât been a market or demand for large timber buildings constructed over 4 storeys in Australia or NZ. As a result aspects of the supply chain needed to deliver such buildings have remained fragmented and relatively primitive in nature. The supply chain for multi-storey timber buildings in Australia and NZ includes a number of different stages as outlined below in figure 1. Between each stage a number of transportation, material and design information flows occur. This paper focuses on the issues in the supply chain from forestry through to construction and aims to outline the key areas that pose as a risk on the cost and time of multi-storey timber buildings.

Hossain, MJ, Saha, TK, Mithulananthan, N, Pota, HR & Lu, J 1970, 'Dynamic interactions among multiple DER controllers in distribution systems', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Power System Technology (POWERCON), 2012 IEEE International Conference on Power System Technology (POWERCON 2012), IEEE, Auckland, NEW ZEALAND.
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Hsieh, M 1970, 'Introduction to Quantum Information Theory', Quantum Physics of Information, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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The building blocks of our communication systems and computational devices are bits. The scope of quantum information science is to replace bits with âqubitsâ, objects that obey the laws of quantum physics. This is a great challenge that has the potential to revolutionize information technology.The event will consist of a school and a workshop: the school will expose the attendants to the basic concepts of quantum information and computation,and it will be a great occasion for newcomers to the field. The workshop will comprise advanced tutorials and a program of talks based on current research problems and results.

Hsieh, M 1970, 'Strong converse capacities of quantum channels for classical information', Japan-Singapore Workshop on Multi-user Quantum Networks, Singapore.

Hsieh, M 1970, 'The information-theoretic costs of simulating quantum measurements', International Workshop on Quantum Computing and Quantum Information Processing 2012, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.
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This workshop will focus on the recent advances in quantum computing and quantum information processing. It aims at providing a forum for international and Chinese researchers in these fields to exchange their latest research results.

Hsing, A, Geisler, H, Ryan, V, Cheng, M, Machani, K, Breuer, D, Lehr, MU, Paul, J, Iacopi, F & Dauskardt, R 1970, 'Microprobing the mechanical effects of varying dielectric porosity in advanced interconnect structures', 2012 IEEE International Interconnect Technology Conference, 2012 IEEE International Interconnect Technology Conference - IITC, IEEE, USA.
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Chip-package interaction has become a major concern due to increasingly porous low-K dielectrics. During the packaging process, shear stresses are exerted on fragile interconnect structures. We use a microprobe metrology system to experimentally measure how interconnect stacks with different dielectric porosities behave under various shear loading conditions and a wide range of temperatures. © 2012 IEEE.

Hu, G, Huang, S, Zhao, L, Alempijevic, A & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'A robust RGB-D SLAM algorithm', 2012 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2012 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2012), IEEE, Algarve, Portugal, pp. 1714-1719.
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Recently RGB-D sensors have become very popular in the area of Simultaneous Localisation and Mapping (SLAM). The major advantage of these sensors is that they provide a rich source of 3D information at relatively low cost. Unfortunately, these sensors in their current forms only have a range accuracy of up to 4 metres. Many techniques which perform SLAM using RGB-D cameras rely heavily on the depth and are restrained to office type and geometrically structured environments. In this paper, a switching based algorithm is proposed to heuristically choose between RGB-BA and RGBD-BA based local maps building. Furthermore, a low cost and consistent optimisation approach is used to join these maps. Thus the potential of both RGB and depth image information are exploited to perform robust SLAM in more general indoor cases. Validation of the proposed algorithm is performed by mapping a large scale indoor scene where traditional RGB-D mapping techniques are not possible. © 2012 IEEE.

Hu, L, Cao, J, Xu, G & Gu, Z 1970, 'Latent informative links detection', Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, 16th International Conference on Knowledge-Based and Intelligent Information & Engineering Systems, IOS Press, San Sebastian, Spain, pp. 1233-1242.
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Sometimes, explicit relationships between entities do not provide sufficient information or can be unavailable in the real world. Unseen latent relationships may be more informative than explicit relationships. Thereby, we provide a method for constructing latent informative links between entities, using their common features, where entities are regarded as vertices on a graph. First, we employ a hierarchical nonparametric model to infer shared latent features for entities. Then, we define a filter function based on information theory to extract significant features and control the density of links. Finally, a couple of stochastic interaction processes are introduced to simulate dynamics on the net-works so that link strength can be retrieved from statistics in a natural way. In experiments, we evaluate the usage of filter function. The results of two examples based on mixture networks show how our method is capable of providing latent informative relationships in comparison to explicit relationships. © 2012 The authors and IOS Press. All rights reserved.

Hua Zuo & Guo-Li Zhang 1970, 'An analysis of solutions for fuzzy multi-objective linear programming problem', 2012 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, 2012 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (ICMLC), IEEE.
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Huang, S, Liu, X, Peng, X & Niu, Z 1970, 'Fine-grained Product Features Extraction and Categorization in Reviews Opinion Mining', 2012 IEEE 12th International Conference on Data Mining Workshops, 2012 IEEE 12th International Conference on Data Mining Workshops, IEEE, Brussels, Belgium, pp. 680-686.
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With the growth of user-generated contents on the Web, product reviews opinion mining increasingly becomes a research practice of great value to e-commerce, search and recommendation. Unfortunately, the number of reviews is rising up to hundreds or even thousands, especially for some popular items, which makes it a laborious work for the potential buyers and the manufacturers to read through them to make a wise decision. Besides, the free format and the uncertainty of reviews expressions, make fine-grained product features extraction and categorization a more difficult task than traditional information extraction techniques. In this work, we propose to treat product feature extraction as a sequence labeling task and employ a discriminative learning model using Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) to tackle it. We innovatively incorporate the part-of-speech features and the sentence structure features into the CRFs learning process. For product feature categorization, we introduce the semantic knowledge-based and distributional context-based similarity measures to calculate the similarities between product feature expressions, then an effective graph pruning based categorizing algorithm is proposed to classify the collection of feature expressions into different semantic groups. The empirical studies have proved the effectiveness and efficiency of our approaches compared with other counterpart methods. © 2012 IEEE.

Huang, S, Wang, H, Frese, U, Dissanayake, G & IEEE 1970, 'On the Number of Local Minima to the Point Feature Based SLAM Problem', 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA), IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, IEEE, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA, pp. 2074-2079.
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Map joining is an efficient strategy for solving feature based SLAM problems. This paper demonstrates that joining of two 2D local maps, formulated as a nonlinear least squares problem has at most two local minima, when the associated uncertainties can be described using spherical covariance matrices. Necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of two minima is derived and it is shown that more than one minimum exists only when the quality of the local maps used for map joining is extremely poor. The analysis explains to some extent why a number of optimization based SLAM algorithms proposed in the recent literature that rely on local search strategies are successful in converging to the globally optimal solution from poor initial conditions, particularly when covariance matrices are spherical. It also demonstrates that the map joining problem has special properties that may be exploited to reliably obtain globally optimal solutions to the SLAM problem. © 2012 IEEE.

Huang, Y & Huang, X 1970, 'Optimal spectrum sensing over multipath channels', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), ICC 2012 - 2012 IEEE International Conference on Communications, IEEE, Ottawa, ON, Canada, pp. 1522-1527.
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Wireless propagation phenomena including multipath pose significant challenges to reliable spectrum sensing which is a fundamental requirement for dynamic spectrum access and system coexistence. In this paper, an optimal detection technique along with two reduced-complexity alternatives, modified energy detection (MED) and equal gain detection (EGD), are proposed to improve the detection probability for spectrum sensing over severe multipath channels. By incorporating the resolvable multipaths and multiple receiving antennas into the system model and assuming the availability of a priori temporal correlation about the source signal, these detection methods are derived based on maximum log-likelihood ratio test under low signal-to-noise ratio condition. Simulation results show that the proposed optimal detection outperforms the conventional generalized likelihood ratio test in a multipath environment either with or without a priori information. The proposed MED significantly improves the performance of conventional energy detection after a priori information is exploited. Finally, the proposed EGD performs better than MED and approaches the optimal detection as the number of multipaths increases. © 2012 IEEE.

Huang, Y & Huang, X 1970, 'Spectrum sensing over frequency-selective fading channel with tap and spatial correlations', 2012 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications - (PIMRC), 2012 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications - (PIMRC 2012), IEEE, Sydney., NSW, Australia, pp. 2143-2148.
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Reliable spectrum sensing should be able to operate under realistic wireless environments such as multipath and fading. Based on the optimal spectrum sensing with multiple receiver antennas over multipath channels, this paper presents further studies into two more practical detection methods, the modified energy detection (MED) and the equal gain detection (EGD), over frequency-selective fading channels, with focus on the impact of multipath tap correlation on the sensing performance. Both simulation and analytical results are provided. It is verified that utilizing multipath propagation enhances the detection probability of the EGD, which approaches that of the optimal detection. The EGD also demonstrates better performance than the MED and the conventional generalized likelihood ratio test. The tap correlation can have either constructive or destructive effect to the spectrum sensing system depending on how well the tap correlation matches the source signal's temporal correlation, whereas the spatial correlation always degrades the detection performance. © 2012 IEEE.

Huq, MA, Dutkiewicz, E, Gengfa Fang, Ren Ping Liu & Vesilo, R 1970, 'MEB MAC: Improved channel access scheme for medical emergency traffic in WBAN', 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia, pp. 371-376.
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Emergency data delivery is an important service for medical Wireless Body Area Networks. The successful dissemination of emergency messages can make a huge difference between life and death. The utmost importance of emergency message dissemination requires high reliability while the intermittent nature of alarms requires minimum channel access delay for almost instantaneous delivery. IEEE 802.15.6 beacon enabled networks have defined an adjustable superframe structure that consists of contention-free and contention access periods. Short superframes can satisfy the channel access delay requirements of emergency traffic but penalizes the energy efficiency of all devices in the network. On the other hand, long superframes increase the energy efficiency but the channel access delay is also increased. To balance this contradicting requirement of energy efficiency and Quality of Service, we propose the Medical Emergency Body (MEB) MAC protocol that inserts listening windows dynamically within the contention free periods. The frequency of listening window insertion is determined by the minimum delay tolerance. Furthermore, MEB MAC utilizes idle time slots to insert additional listening window opportunities for emergency traffic, without affecting the network throughput. Our analysis shows that MEB MAC is able to reduce channel access delay for emergency traffic especially for long superframe durations. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the MEB MAC scheme in serving emergency messages in medical body area networks. © 2012 IEEE.

Hussain, S, Basu, A, Wang, M & Hamilton, TJ 1970, 'DELTRON: Neuromorphic architectures for delay based learning', 2012 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems, APCCAS 2012-2012 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems, IEEE, Kaohsiung, TAIWAN, pp. 304-307.
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Hussaini Syed, KK, Indraratna, B & J. S, V 1970, 'Some Aspects of the Shear Behaviour of Unreinforced and Geosynthetic-Reinforced Rail Ballast', Proceedings of the International Conference on Ground Improvement & Ground Control, International Conference on Ground Improvement & Ground Control, Research Publishing Services.
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Huynh, P 1970, 'Thermal Effects in Slider Bearings With Limited Corrugation and Power-Law Lubricant', Proceedings of the ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, ASME, Houston, Texas, USA, pp. 1-5.
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Influence of temperature on the performance of slider bearings of infinite width but having corrugation of limited extent is investigated numerically, using a commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software package. Lubricant is assumed to be a fluid of power-law type with temperature-dependent viscosity. Over a range of the powerlaw index, combined effects of temperature and the corrugated section's location on load-supporting capacity Fy of the bearing's fluid film are considered. Influence of the bearing-gap surfaces' thermal boundary condition is also examined. Compared with isothermal situation, thermal effects result in significant reduction in Fy, especially with shear-thickening lubricants. This reduction in Fy is also affected significantly by the corrugated section's location.

Idris, A & Huynh, P 1970, 'Computational Study of Single-Sided Ventilation Flow through a 3-Dimensional Room', Proceedings of the ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, ASME, Houston, Texas, USA, pp. 1-7.
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This is a 2-authored paper. The authors are Awang Idris, B.P. Huynh Conference website: http://www.asmeconferences.org/Congress2012/

Iji Ayobami, B, Zhu, F, Heimlich, M & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'Proposed Ultra Wide-Band system, &amp; receiver circuit for implant wireless body area networks', 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia, pp. 139-142.
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Implant-able wireless body area networks (WBAN) are a promising technology for health monitoring and treatment for patients requiring special care and monitoring, where sensors are placed inside the human body to carry out measurements which may include telemetry or video streaming. Ultra Wide- Band technology (UWB) is investigated as a candidate for the proposed implanted wireless body area sensor network due to its wide frequency spectrum and, hence, its low bit energy. UWB is introduced and then explored in terms of system constraints and circuit implementation. The main focus of the paper is to describe how applicable UWB is used for implant WBANs and to invite future work on designing a radio capable of being installed inside the human body for medical care and monitoring. We have presented the RF front end receiver in 0.25μm CMOS Silanna process. © 2012 IEEE.

Inchamnan, W, Wyeth, P, Johnson, D & Conroy, D 1970, 'A Method for Measuring the Creative Potential of Computer Games', Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 270-283.
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Indraratna, B 1970, 'Ground Improvement for Transportation Infrastructure in Australia', Proceedings of the International Conference on Ground Improvement & Ground Control, International Conference on Ground Improvement & Ground Control, Research Publishing Services.
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Indraratna, B, Geng, XY & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 1970, 'Consolidation of Ground with Prefabricated Vertical Drains Combined with Time-Dependent Surcharge Loading in Membrane System', GeoCongress 2012, GeoCongress 2012, American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 60-69.
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The system of vertical drains combined with vacuum pressure and/or surcharge preloading is widely used to accelerate the consolidation of soft clay, in order to decrease the long-term settlements and curtail lateral displacement. This study presents a solution of soil consolidation subjected to vacuum preloading for a membrane system, which is comprised of an airtight membrane laid over the drainage layer, under time-dependent surcharge preloading. Both vertical and horizontal drainage were considered in this analysis to reflect realistic in-situ conditions. The model was verified using the measured settlement and excess pore water pressure obtained from various sites at Ballina Bypass, Australia. In the paper, the solutions improve the accuracy of predicting the dissipation of pore water pressure and the associated settlement. The effect of the permeability of the sand blanket in the membrane system and the possible loss of vacuum are also discussed. Finally, design charts have been developed, for the convenience of practicing engineers. © 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers.

Indraratna, B, Heitor, A & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 1970, 'Effect of compaction energy on shear wave velocity of dynamically compacted silty sand soil', 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Unsaturated Soils 2012, pp. 538-543.
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This study was focused on the effects of compaction energy on the dynamic properties of a silty sand in its as-compacted state in relation to the measured values of marric suction. The influence of the imparted energy on the shear wave velocity and the small-strain shear modulus of the compacted soil was studied for three different energy levels that correspond to the standard Proctor as well as reduced and enhanced. The specimens were prepared with moisture contents ranging from the dry to wet of optimum, and subsequently compacted to known dry unit weights for which the corresponding marric suction and shear wave velocity were measured. While a non-destructive technique adopting Bender elements was used to determine the shear wave velocity, the marric suction was evaluated using the filter paper method. Test results reveal that the shear wave velocity increases with the level of imparted compaction energy and the associated marric suction developed in the compacted soil. However, the change in shear wave velocity along the compaction curve is very significant. Pronounced compaction energy dependence is observed on the dry side of the optimum moisture content, whereas on the wet side of the optimum the marric suction governs the variation in the shear wave velocity.

Indraratna, B, Mahamud, MAA & Vinod, JS 1970, 'Chemical and Mineralogical Behaviour of Lignosulfonate Treated Soils', GeoCongress 2012, GeoCongress 2012, American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 1146-1155.
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This paper presents the results of Unconfined Compressive Strength tests (UCS) carried out on clay soils stabilized with Lignosulfonate (LS). Laboratory studies indicate that lignosulfonate can increase the stiffness of the treated soils. Moreover, the influence of clay minerals on the LS stablisation is investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and Electrical Conductivity (EC). The analysis confirms that the clay mineralogy plays an important role in the stabilisation of clay soils. The stabilization mechanism is mainly due to the formation of lignosulfonate-clay amorphous compounds through the electrostatic reaction process. © 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers.

Indraratna, B, Premadasa, WN & Oliveira, D 1970, 'Physical Modeling of Soil-Infilled Discontinuities', GeoCongress 2012, GeoCongress 2012, American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 2312-2321.
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Soil-infilled discontinuities adversely affect the overall strength of rock mass because, the soft infill material, especially when saturated, drastically reduces the shear strength of the rock joint. Due to all the uncertainties arising from sample heterogeneity and scale effects, physical modeling of rock joints becomes an essential approach for understanding all the different factors affecting the geomechanical behaviour in the field. In this paper, several modeling techniques adopted at the University of Wollongong are discussed. These techniques focused on isolating the different factors affecting the behaviour of soil-infilled discontinuities. Some of the resulting semi-empirical models that were developed to describe the effect of the soft-infill on the joint shear strength are also presented. © 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers.

Indraratna, B, Rujikiatkamjorn, C & Chiaro, G 1970, 'Characterization of Compacted Coal Wash As Structural Fill Material', GeoCongress 2012, GeoCongress 2012, American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 3826-3834.
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In this paper, detailed laboratory investigations were conducted on coal wash produced at coal mine, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia. Geotechnical tests were conducted to determine the particle size distribution, compaction characteristics, shear resistance and collapse potential. The compaction tests were conducted under dry and submerged condition to examine the compactability and the strength of the coal wash. The test shows that compacted coal wash has good potential as effective fill for embankments, and land reclamation. Although when coal wash is compacted under submerged condition, increased level of compaction has minimal effect. © 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers.

Islam, M, Afzal, MU, Ahmad, M & Tauqeer, T 1970, 'Simulation and modeling of ground penetrating RADARs', 2012 International Conference on Emerging Technologies, 2012 International Conference on Emerging Technologies (ICET 2012), IEEE, pp. 390-395.
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This paper focuses on providing a design capable of calculating range to target, material of target, Doppler shift of the target, and gives the low cost implementation of the complete design if hardware is also considered. The proposed model also provide basis for designing ground penetrating Radars capable of detecting underground metallic as well as non-metallic objects. While selecting a frequency for the ground penetrating Radars water absorption, attenuation, material of target and ground properties should be kept in mind. 1 GHz frequency is therefore selected as it can penetrate ground and is also sensitive to non-metallic targets. For the Simulations Linear Frequency Modulation Continuous Wave (FMCW) Radar principles are used as it is found that they give good short range calculations and also have finer range resolution as compared to pulsed Doppler radars. The overall simulations are done on Advanced Design System (ADS) software. Complete ground modeling is also done for the simulations. The proposed ADS simulation model not only detects the presence and relative frequency shift of the target, it can also deal with the changing dielectric constant of target and ground, water content and conductivity of ground. Range resolution up to 40cm can be achieved if the proposed model is implemented. © 2012 IEEE.

Islam, MR, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 1970, 'A medium-frequency transformer with multiple secondary windings for grid connection through H-bridge voltage source converters', ICEMS 2012 - Proceedings: 15th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, International Conference on Electrical Machines and Sytems (ICEMS), IEEE, Japan, pp. 1-6.
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Although the power output of today's wind turbine has exceeded 7 MW, the voltage rating of the most common generator is below 700 V. A low-frequency transformer is commonly used to step-up the voltage to the grid voltage level, e.g. 11 kV or 33 kV. These heavy and bulky low-frequency transformers significantly increase the volume and weight of nacelle. To achieve a compact and light nacelle, a medium-voltage converter with series-connected H-bridge (SCHB) topology would be an attractive technology for future wind turbines. However, the SCHB converter requires multiple isolated and balanced DC sources, which makes the application not straightforward. As an alternative approach to generate multiple isolated and balanced sources a prototype transformer with six secondary windings, 1.26 kVA and 10 kHz, is designed and developed for 1 kV five levels SCHB multilevel converters. The experimental results show that the proposed system may be attractive in grid based renewable energy systems. © 2012 IEEJ Industry Appl Soc.

Islam, MR, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 1970, 'A novel medium-voltage converter system for compact and light wind turbine generators', 2012 22nd Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference: 'Green Smart Grid Systems', AUPEC 2012, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, IEEE, Bali, Indonesia, pp. 1-6.
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The classical approach based on low-voltage converter is commonly employed a low-frequency transformer (inside or outside the nacelle) of wind turbine system. Because of the heave weight and large size of the transformer, the turbine can be expensive and complex for installation and maintenance. As an alternative approach to achieve a compact and light wind turbine a medium-voltage converter using series connected H-bridge multilevel converter topology is proposed. The transformer-less novel architecture thus leads to a compact and environmentally friendly design, which can save large amount of installation, running and maintenance costs of wind turbine. This paper mainly focuses on design and simulation of the proposed wind turbine. © 2012 Institut Teknologi Sepulul.

Islam, MR, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 1970, 'A transformer-less compact and light wind turbine generating system for offshore wind farms', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon), 2012 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon), IEEE, Malaysia, pp. 605-610.
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Offshore wind turbines are distributed in a wide area where the power is generated usually at low voltage levels of 380~690 V. To reduce electrical power transmission losses, a low-frequency transformer is placed inside the nacelle of the offshore wind turbine to step-up the voltage up to the voltage levels of 11~33 kV. The heave weight and large size of the step-up transformer significantly increase the weight and volume of the nacelle. These penalties are critical in offshore applications, where cost of installation and regular maintenance are extremely high. As an alternative approach to achieve a compact and light offshore wind turbine a medium-voltage converter using series connected H-bridge multilevel converter topology is proposed in this paper. The transformer-less approach thus leads to a compact and environmentally friendly design, which can save large amount of installation, running and maintenance costs of offshore wind turbines. This paper mainly focuses on design and simulation of 33 kV offshore wind turbine generating system.

Ivanyos, G, Klauck, H, Lee, T, Santha, M & De Wolf, R 1970, 'New bounds on the classical and quantum communication complexity of some graph properties', Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics, LIPIcs, pp. 148-159.
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We study the communication complexity of a number of graph properties where the edges of the graph G are distributed between Alice and Bob (i.e., each receives some of the edges as input). Our main results are: • An Ω(n) lower bound on the quantum communication complexity of deciding whether an n-vertex graph G is connected, nearly matching the trivial classical upper bound of O(n log n) bits of communication. • A deterministic upper bound of O(n3/2 log n) bits for deciding if a bipartite graph contains a perfect matching, and a quantum lower bound of Ω(n) for this problem. • A Θ(n2) bound for the randomized communication complexity of deciding if a graph has an Eulerian tour, and a Θ(n 3/2) bound for its quantum communication complexity. The first two quantum lower bounds are obtained by exhibiting a reduction from the n-bit Inner Product problem to these graph problems, which solves an open question of Babai, Frankl and Simon [2]. The third quantum lower bound comes from recent results about the quantum communication complexity of composed functions. We also obtain essentially tight bounds for the quantum communication complexity of a few other problems, such as deciding if G is triangle-free, or if G is bipartite, as well as computing the determinant of a distributed matrix. © G. Ivanyos, H. Klauck, T. Lee, M. Santha, R. de Wolf.

Iwaizumi, H, Yoshizawa, S & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'A new high-speed and low-power LSI design of SVD-MIMO-OFDM systems', 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE.
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Jayawickrama, BA, Dutkiewicz, E & Fang, G 1970, 'Spectrum sensing error optimisation in cognitive radio networks.', ISCIT, International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, IEEE, Gold Coast, Australia, pp. 787-792.
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Jian Zhang, Cantoni, A, Xiaojing Huang & Guo, YJ 1970, 'Sidelobe suppression with orthogonal projection for OFDM systems: Performance characterization', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 2012), IEEE, Ottawa, ON, Canada, pp. 3959-3963.
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A low-complexity and efficient sidelobe suppression with orthogonal projection (SSOP) scheme is proposed in [1] for OFDM systems. This paper provides comprehensive performance analysis for the zero-forcing receiver for the SSOP scheme. Via rigorous proof, we show the independence of the orthogonal projection matrix on the ordering of the suppression distances, and the monotonicity of the SNR with the suppression distance and the number of reserved subcarriers. We also characterized the SNR degradation of the single-side and double-side suppression schemes analytically. These analytical results match with the numerical results well. © 2012 IEEE.

Jian Zhang, Xiaojing Huang, Suzuki, H & Zhuo Chen 1970, 'Phase-shifted interpolation for channel matrix inversion in MIMO-OFDM systems', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 2012), IEEE, Ottawa, ON, Canada, pp. 3831-3835.
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Channel matrix inversion, which requires significant hardware resource and computational power, is a very challenging problem in MIMO-OFDM systems. Casting the frequency-domain channel matrix into a polynomial matrix, interpolation-based matrix inversion provides a promising solution to this problem. In this paper, by showing that the polynomial coefficients can be well approximated by a Gaussian function, we propose an efficient algorithm, which relaxes the requirement for knowing the maximum multipath delay spread and enables the use of simple low-complexity interpolators by introducing a phase shift term to the signal to be interpolated. Simulation results show that significant complexity saving can be achieved with little equalization performance degradation. © 2012 IEEE.

Jiang, F, Ling, SH, Chan, KY, Chaczko, Z, Leung, FHF, Frater, MR & IEEE 1970, 'An Immunology-inspired Multi-engine Anomaly Detection System with Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimisations', 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS (FUZZ-IEEE), IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, IEEE WCCI, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 1279-1286.
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In this paper, multiple detection engines with multi-layered intrusion detection mechanisms are proposed for enhancing computer security. The principle is to coordinate the results from each single-engine intrusion alert system, which seamlessly integrates with a multiple layered distributed service-oriented structure. An improved hidden Markov model (HMM) is created for the detection engine which is capable of the immunology-based self/nonself discrimination. The classifications of normal and abnormal behaviours of system calls are further examined by an advanced fuzzy-based inference process tuned by HPSOWM. Considering a real benchmark dataset from the public domain, our experimental results show that the proposed scheme can greatly shorten the training time of HMM and significantly reduce the false positive rate. The proposed HPSOWM works especially well for the efficient classification of unknown behaviors and malicious attacks.

Jiang, X, Li, Y, Li, J & Wang, J 1970, 'Electromechanical Modeling of a PZT Disc-type Energy Harvester for Large Force Vibration', PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MECHATRONIC SYSTEM AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY, 1st International Conference on Mechatronic System and Measurement Technology, SCIENCE PRESS USA INC, Nanjing, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 411-416.

Jian-Ru Zheng, Guo-Li Zhang & Hua Zuo 1970, 'Hybrid linear and nonlinear weight Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm', 2012 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, 2012 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (ICMLC), IEEE.
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Jin Lai, Dutkiewicz, E, Ren Ping Liu & Vesilo, R 1970, 'Comparison of cooperative spectrum sensing strategies in distributed cognitive radio networks', 2012 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), GLOBECOM 2012 - 2012 IEEE Global Communications Conference, IEEE, Anaheim, CA, USA, pp. 1513-1518.
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Cooperative spectrum sensing has been proposed to significantly improve spectrum sensing accuracy by taking advantage of the cooperation among secondary users (SUs), but also this incurs some sensing cost. In this paper, we present a cooperative spectrum sensing model with consideration to spectrum sensing cost in distributed cognitive radio networks where each SU aims to maximize its utility. Under the scenario with selfish SUs, we formulate cooperative spectrum sensing as a non-cooperative game and obtain the mixed strategy Nash equilibrium of the formulated spectrum sensing game by deriving the sensing probabilities of SUs. Under the scenario with limited collaboration of SUs, we formulate cooperative spectrum sensing as a nonlinear optimization problem and derive the optimal sensing strategy of SUs by using our proposed Newton-Raphson based algorithm. Numerical results demonstrate that SUs with limited collaboration are able to achieve much better performance than the outcome of the Nash equilibrium and by choosing the optimal sensing strategy SUs are able to maximize their utility, which is an effective tradeoff between SU throughput and sensing cost. © 2012 IEEE.

Jin, R, Geng, J, Liang, X, Ye, S, Wang, W, Bird, TS & Guo, YJ 1970, 'High gain planar antenna arrays applied in mobile satellite communication', 2012 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation, 2012 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation (APCAP), IEEE, pp. 136-137.
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Two large and low profile panel antenna arrays used as receiving and transmitting antennas for mobile satellite communications are described. The two arrays have an overall size of 120×20.7×1.3cm 3 and 107.5×20.4×1.7cm 3 , respectively, and exhibit high gains and adequate efficiencies due to effective array designs. For the receiving panel array, a method using a number of high efficiency sub-arrays combined with a novel active integrated global feed network is proposed. For the transmitting panel array, a number of high efficiency sub-arrays together with a novel compact waveguide feed network is employed. Based on the above techniques, two large panel antenna arrays are successfully developed. We present detailed designs of the sub-arrays, the passive and active feed networks, and the vertical transitions. Simulated and experimental results show that the designed receiving and transmitting panel arrays achieve the measured gains and efficiencies of 34.1dBi, 48.2% and 33.5dBi, 36.3%, respectively, which indicates that the proposed antenna panels are good candidates for future satellite communications applications. © 2012 IEEE.

Johnson, D, Wyeth, P, Sweetser, P & Gardner, J 1970, 'Personality, genre and videogame play experience', Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Fun and Games, Fun and Games '12: International Conference on Fun and Games, ACM.
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Jolly, L, Willey, K & Gardner, AP 1970, 'Quality in Engineering Education Research: arriving at consensus', Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference for the Australasian Association for Engineering Education - The Profession of Engineering Education: Advancing Teaching, Research and Careers, AAEE - Annual Conference of Australasian Association for Engineering Education, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1-8.
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BACKGROUND Arguably the most important opportunity to acquire the standards and norms of any discipline and develop researchers' judgement is the peer review process â and this is probably particularly true in an emerging discipline such as engineering education. Ironically, research in many disciplines has established that the review process is deeply flawed in conception as well as (often) in operation, with the American Medical Association asserting that if peer review were a drug it would never be allowed on to the market. And yet university ranking systems for published research, on which all of our careers depend, rely on this flawed instrument. With this in mind we have been examining how members of our community (AAEE) give and respond to reviews with a view to making the process more useful. PURPOSE Reviewing is an inexact and subjective process so it would be misguided to think that somehow inter-rater reliability or some notion of objective âtruthâ may be attained. Instead, we ask what reviewers need to do to provide helpful advice that can help shape norms and standards in the field. DESIGN/METHOD In previous work (Willey et. al. 2011; Jolly et.al. 2011) there appeared to be a need for well-expressed criteria that would guide authors on what a publication should contain and guide reviewers in how judgements should be made. With the help of a Delphi panel made up of 12 international researchers in the field a set of criteria were developed. Volunteers were then sought to apply the criteria to sample texts in an online tool (SPARKplus). Individual interviews with some respondents were then used to clarify participantâs understandings and goals. RESULTS The criteria developed by the Delphi panel are those being used for this conference. The members of the panel particularly approved the âcommentsâ accompanying the criteria per se which were intended primarily as guidance to authors about acceptable practice. Anecdotal evidence to date suggests that autho...

Jupp, JR & Gandhi, S 1970, 'Clarifying the Role of Building Information Modeling in Green Building Certification', Proceedings of 37th Annual International Conference Australian Universities Building Educators Association, Australian Universities Building Education Association Annual Conference, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, pp. 499-510.
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A new trend in improved green building certification (GBC) outcomes enabled by building information modelling (BIM) is emerging in the Architectural, Engineering and Construction (AEC) sector. Developing an integrated approach to GBC and BIM processes has the potential to not only further minimise the environmental impact of construction developments but also increase the efficiency of GBC processes and provide additional incentive to adopt BIM. This paper builds a theoretical framework for an integrated GBC-BIM system and serves as a backcloth for identifying possible investment needs to develop the approach. Benefits to clients, end-users, AEC practitioners, government, society and the environment are identified. Three uncertainties are recognised regarding the applicability and feasibility of an integrated approach, notably that it will require additional resources, and adaptive project structures to administer meaningful process integration.

Juszczyszyn, K, Gonczarek, A, Tomczak, JM, Musial, K & Budka, M 1970, 'A Probabilistic Approach to Structural Change Prediction in Evolving Social Networks', 2012 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining, 2012 International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM 2012), IEEE, Kadir Has Univ, Istanbul, TURKEY, pp. 996-1001.
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Kabiri, K, Pradhan, B, Rezai, H, Ghobadi, Y & Moradi, M 1970, 'Fluctuation of Sea Surface Temperature in the Persian Gulf and its impact on coral reef communities around Kish Island', 2012 IEEE Colloquium on Humanities, Science and Engineering (CHUSER), 2012 IEEE Colloquium on Humanities, Science and Engineering (CHUSER), IEEE, pp. 164-167.
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Kamaleswaran, R & McGregor, C 1970, 'CBPsp: Complex Business Processes for Stream Processing', 2012 25th IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE), 2012 25th IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE), IEEE.
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This paper presents an extension called the Complex Business Processes for Stream Processing (CBPsp) to the Solution Manager Service (SMS) framework to support the definition and enactment of complex business processes for event stream processing. The critical care of an infant involves multiple caregivers performing complex activities, thus a system that is capable of presenting complex business processes to produce context sensitive real-time support is required. The proposed system CBPsp, supports the integration of heterogeneous sequential business processes and distinct data types to produce meaningful business objective driven outputs in real-time. Two research contributions are delivered. The first contribution is the real-time integration of synchronous and asynchronous streams in a loosely coupled model based on Service-Oriented Architecture principles. The second contribution is the definition and enactment of complex business processes along with their meaningful business objectives at the point of analysis within data stream management systems. © 2012 IEEE.

Kamaleswaran, R, McGregor, C & James, A 1970, 'A novel framework for event stream processing of clinical practice guidelines', Proceedings of 2012 IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics, 2012 IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI), IEEE, pp. 933-936.
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Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs) play important roles aiding in patient care; they provide accurate data analysis and timely evidence-informed recommendations. Although the availability of biomedical data continues to flourish, there have been limited translations of this type of data to information in real-time at the bedside. Existing systems have either focused on providing process-oriented or knowledge-modeled frameworks, often relying on retrospective data analysis. We have developed a framework capable of providing clinicians the ability to represent existing knowledge and processes in realtime. This framework presents a real-time environment for modeling clinical workflow processes abstracted from clinical guidelines, while applying existing knowledge to produce intelligent evidence-informed recommendations. In this paper we provide a framework to support the detection of neonatal hypoglycaemia using a design supporting the automated realtime, evidence-informed enactment of complex businessprocesses existing in clinical practice guidelines. © 2012 IEEE.

Kamyabpour, N & Hoang, DB 1970, 'A Task Based Sensor-Centeric Model for overall Energy Consumption', 2011 12th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies (PDCAT), International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies, IEEE, Gwangju, China, pp. 237-244.
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Sensors have limited resources so it is important to manage the resourcesefficiently to maximize their use. A sensor's battery is a crucial resource asit singly determines the lifetime of sensor network applications. Since thesedevices are useful only when they are able to communicate with the world, radiotransceiver of a sensor as an I/O and a costly unit plays a key role in itslifetime. This resource often consumes a big portion of the sensor's energy asit must be active most of the time to announce the existence of the sensor inthe network. As such the radio component has to deal with its embedded sensornetwork whose parameters and operations have significant effects on thesensor's lifetime. In existing energy models, hardware is considered, but theenvironment and the network's parameters did not receive adequate attention.Energy consumption components of traditional network architecture are oftenconsidered individually and separately, and their influences on each other havenot been considered in these approaches. In this paper we consider all possibletasks of a sensor in its embedded network and propose an energy managementmodel. We categorize these tasks in five energy consuming constituents. Thesensor's Energy Consumption (EC) is modeled on its energy consumingconstituents and their input parameters and tasks. The sensor's EC can thus bereduced by managing and executing efficiently the tasks of its constituents.The proposed approach can be effective for power management, and it also can beused to guide the design of energy efficient wireless sensor networks throughnetwork parameterization and optimization.

Kamyabpour, N & Hoang, DB 1970, 'Statistical Analysis to Extract Effective Parameters on Overall Energy Consumption of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)', 2012 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING, APPLICATIONS, AND TECHNOLOGIES (PDCAT 2012), International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies, IEEE, Beijing, China, pp. 20-23.
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In this paper, we use statistical tools to analysis dependency between Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) parameters and overall Energy Consumption (EC). Our approach has two key steps: profiling, and effective parameter extraction. In former step, a sensor network simulator is re-run 800 times with different values of the WSN parameters to profile the average residual energy in nodes. In latter step, three statistical analyses (p-value, linear and non-linear correlation) are applied to the outcome of profiled experiments to extract the most effective parameters on WSN residual energy.

Kassir, A, Fitch, R, Sukkarieh, S & IEEE 1970, 'Decentralised Information Gathering with Communication Costs', 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA), IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, IEEE, Saint Paul, MN, USA, pp. 2427-2432.
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Advantages of decentralised decision making systems for multi-agent robotic tasks are limited by the heavy demand they impose on communication. This paper presents an approach to control communication for the LQ team problem, namely a team of agents with linear dynamics and quadratic team cost. Communication costs are added to the objective of the LQ optimal control linear matrix inequality formulation, allowing for a well-defined balancing of communication costs and team performance. Results show a reduction in communication consistent with the specified cost and in a manner that upholds team performance relative to the reduced communication footprint. The applicability of the approach has also been extended to information gathering tasks through local LQ approximations along the agents' paths. Simulation testing on a sample two-agent problem shows a 40% reduction in communication with negligible impact on performance. © 2012 IEEE.

Kaur, P, Goyal, M & Lu, J 1970, 'Pricing Analysis in Online Auctions Using Clustering and Regression Tree Approach', AGENTS AND DATA MINING INTERACTION, International Workshop on Agents and Data Mining Interaction, Springer-Verlag Berlin / Heidelberg, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 248-257.
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Auctions can be characterized by distinct nature of their feature space. This feature space may include opening price, closing price, average bid rate, bid history, seller and buyer reputation, number of bids and many more. In this paper, a price forecasting agent (PFA) is proposed using data mining techniques to forecast the end-price of an online auction for autonomous agent based system. In the proposed model, the input auction space is partitioned into groups of similar auctions by kmeans clustering algorithm. The recurrent problem of finding the value of k in k-means algorithm is solved by employing elbow method using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Based on the transformed data after clustering, bid selector nominates the cluster for the current auction whose price is to be forecasted. Regression trees are employed to predict the end-price and designing the optimal bidding strategies for the current auction. Our results show the improvements in the end price prediction using clustering and regression tree approach.

Kazemi, R, Vesilo, R, Dutkiewicz, E & Liu, RP 1970, 'Design considerations of reinforcement learning power controllers in Wireless Body Area Networks', 2012 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications - (PIMRC), 2012 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications - (PIMRC 2012), IEEE, Sydney, NSW, Australia, pp. 2030-2036.
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A Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) comprises a number of tiny devices implanted in/on the body that sample physiological signals of the human body and send them to a coordinator node for medical or other purposes. As these miniature devices run on built-in batteries, energy is the most valuable resource in WBANs. This makes signal interference between neighboring WBANs a serious threat because it causes energy waste in these systems. To mitigate this internetwork interference, we propose a dynamic power control mechanism in WBANs which employs reinforcement learning (RL) to learn from experience and improve its performance. This paper presents guidelines in designing efficient RL power controllers in WBANs and provides an analysis of the effect of the reward function, discount factor, learning rate and eligibility trace parameter where the main performance criteria used are convergence and solution optimality in terms of throughput and energy consumption per bit. © 2012 IEEE.

Kazemi, R, Vesilo, R, Dutkiewicz, E & Ren Ping Liu 1970, 'Reinforcement learning in power control games for internetwork interference mitigation in Wireless Body Area Networks', 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Gold Coast, pp. 256-262.
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A major cause of energy waste in wireless networks is the interference between nodes working in the same frequency band. This problem appears to be more serious in Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) in which energy is the most valuable resource. In order to cope with this issue, power control techniques can be employed. Amongst potential approaches, those with intelligence which allow WBANs to improve their performance by learning from experience can remarkably increase flexibility and adaptability. Besides, approaches with less inter-node negotiation and cooperation are more attractive in WBANBs due to their low overhead and superior scalability. In this paper, we propose a power controller which employs Reinforcement Learning (RL) to enable WBANs to learn from experience and coordinate their power levels in a distributed manner with no inter-node negotiation and cooperation. We evaluate the performance of the proposed power controller with different RL algorithms and compare them to a counterpart approach based on game theory without learning. Their performances are evaluated in terms of optimality of the solution and convergence. We show that the RL-based power controller can trade off throughput for transmission power level and achieve lower energy consumption compared to the counterpart game. © 2012 IEEE.

Kennard, R & Leaney, J 1970, 'An Introduction to Software Mining', NEW TRENDS IN SOFTWARE METHODOLOGIES, TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES, 11th International Conference on Intelligent Software Methodologies, Tools, and Techniques (SoMeT), IOS PRESS, Genoa, ITALY, pp. 312-323.
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Keshavarzi, A & Ball, J 1970, 'PIV measurement of coherent flow structure over gravels in a river bed', Proceedings of the 34th Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium, HWRS 2012, Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium and the International Conference on Water Resources and Environment Research, Engineers australia, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1610-1617.
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An experimental study of the role of coherent structures and their effect on initiation of sediment particles has been carried out using a laboratory flume. Experiments were conducted under different flow conditions and fixed bed. Spherical gravels with diameter of 65 mm were installed at the bed of flume. The spherical gravels exposed 20 mm above the bed surface. The two dimensional instantaneous flow velocity was measured simultaneously over the gravels using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The PIV advantage is to measure instantaneous information of coherent flow structure in time and space simultaneously. Quadrant analysis of two instantaneous flow structures revealed a dominant sweep event at above the particles whereas inward interactions was found low probable event above the spherical particles. The higher inclination angle was also found for sweep events which are likely to induce higher momentum than other events. The results of this study are useful to define entrainment of sediment particles at the bed of river.

Keshavarzi, A & Ball, J 1970, 'PIV study of turbulent flow around a circular bridge pier using fractal scaling', Proceedings of the 34th Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium, HWRS 2012, Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium and the International Conference on Water Resources and Environment Research, Engineers australia, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1604-1609.
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The flow structure around a bridge pier is complicated, particularly in the flow immediately downstream of a bridge pier. In the study reported herein, the fractal dimensions of velocity fluctuations (u, v) were investigated. Two dimensional velocity fluctuations at horizontal surface were measured using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). At each horizontal surface, 700 pairs of images were captured at a frequency of 15 Hz. The time interval between two frames in a pair of captured frames was 10 m seconds. The fractal dimensions were computed using a Fractal Interpolation Function (FIF) algorithm. From the results, it was found that the fractal dimensions fluctuated significantly in the streamwise and transverse flow directions in the vicinity of the pier. A symmetrical pattern of the fractal dimension was found at the rear of the bridge pier. Furthermore, it was found that the fractal dimensions of velocity fluctuations increased rapidly at vicinity of pier at downstream whereas it decreased far from the pier. Therefore, it can be concluded that the fractal dimension using FIF well describes the flow structure around bridge pier.

Keshavarzi, A & Ball, J 1970, 'Statistical analysis of fractal scaling for flow structure around circular bridge pier', River Flow 2012 - Proceedings of the International Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics, International Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics (River Flow), CRC press, Costa Rica, pp. 921-926.
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In the paper, the structure of flow is investigated using fractal scaling of 3-D velocity fluctuations and the Reynolds shear stresses around a bridge pier. The fractal dimensions were computed using a Fractal Interpolation Function algorithm. The velocity data were collected in a series of experimental test within a laboratory flume. Three dimensional velocity fluctuations were measured at a number of grid points around a bridge pier using an Acoustic Doppler Velocity meter (Micro-ADV). At each point, 6000 velocity samples were captured at a frequency of 50 Hz. The statistical analysis of fractal dimension shows that the average fractal dimensions reduced from centreline of the flume to the wall, but standard deviations of fractal dimensions increased significantly in the longitudinal and transverse flow directions in the vicinity of the pier. © 2012 Taylor & Francis Group.

Keshavarzi, A, Ball, JE & Khatibi, M 1970, 'Temperature Stress Reduction Behind Fish Habitat Structures', Proceedings 9th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics, International Symposium on Ecohydraulics, Vienna, Austria.

Keshavarzi, A, Khabbaz, H & Ball, J 1970, 'Scouring depth around arch spur dike at river banks', RIVER FLOW 2012, VOLS 1 AND 2, International Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics (River Flow), CRC press, Costa Rica, pp. 689-691.
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Spur dikes are structures, which are normally designed to prevent river banks from scouring. In this study, three sequential spur dikes with zero height above the bed were installed at one side of an experimental flume with a rectangular cross-section. The top of spur dikes was set at same level as the bed level. Sequential spur dikes were tested with four different spaces. The bed of the flume was covered with sand particles of median particle size (D50) equals to 0.85 mm. The experimental tests were carried out under different flow conditions and after achieving equilibrium bed scouring condition, the topography of the bed was measured. The velocity of flow at some points was measured using Acoustic Velocimeter (Micro-ADV). According to the results, it was found that the maximum scouring depth varies significantly with the spacing. Additionally, three regression equations were suggested here to determine maximum scouring depth around first, second and third spur dikes. The above findings can be a useful guideline for design of scouring protections in river training works. © 2012 Taylor & Francis Group, London.

Keshavarzy, A & Ball, JE 1970, 'STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF TEMPORAL VECTOR ANGLE VARIATIONS AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS IN TURBULENT FLOW', 18th congress of the Asia and Pacific division of international association for hydro-environment engineering and research 2012, hydro-environmental engineering toward harmony between human and nature, IAHR, Korea, pp. 1-8.
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Entrainment of sediment particles is stochastic in nature due to the instantaneous fluctuation of velocity fluctuations and turbulent shear stress. The temporal variations of turbulent flow are a very important characteristic for sediment entrainment particularly at low shear stress. To characterise the temporal variation, the velocity vector angles in two imensions are investigated in this experimental study. Data for this study was obtained from three dimensional flow velocities measured in an experimental flume using an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (Micro-ADV).This data was analysed to calculate the instantaneous vector angles of the turbulent velocities. The changes in vector angles (ïÎ¸) at sequential time steps were calculated also. A statistical analysis of the values of ïÎ¸ obtained from the different experimental tests was undertaken. The resultant statistical characteristics were found to be a good representation of the characteristics of movement between quadrants of the turbulence. Also the results indicated that standard deviation of vector angles changed with flow depth from the bed to the free surface.

Kha, HH, Tuan, HD, Nguyen, HH & Pham, TT 1970, 'D.C. programming for cooperative beamforming in SC-FDMA multi-user multi-relay networks', 2012 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), GLOBECOM 2012 - 2012 IEEE Global Communications Conference, IEEE, Anaheim, USA, pp. 4998-5003.
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We are concerned with a cooperative beamforming design for multi-user multi-relay wireless networks in which the single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) technique is employed at the terminals. The problem of interest is to find the beamforming weights across relays to maximize the minimum signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) among users subject to individual power constraints at each relay. Such a beamforming design is shown to be a hard nonconvex program and therefore it is mathematically challenging to find the optimal solution. By exploring its partial convex structures, we recast the design problem as minimization of a d.c. (difference of two convex) objective function subject to convex constraints and develop an effective iterative algorithm of low complexity to solve it. Simulation results show that our optimal cooperative beamforming scheme realizes the inherent diversity order of the relay network and it performs significantly better than the equal-power beamforming weights.

Khabbaz, H & Fatahi, B 1970, 'General and Technical Considerations for Implementing High Speed Rail Systems in Australia', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2012 AGS SYMPOSIUM: ADVANCES IN GEOTECHNICAL ASPECTS OF ROADS AND RAILWAYS, AGS Symposium Advances in Geotechnical Aspects of Roads and Railways, The Australian Geomechanics Society, Darling Harbour, NSW, Australia, pp. 67-78.
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Australia has a number of medium speed rail services such as the Prospector, which runs from East Perth to Kalgoorlie, at speeds of up to 160 km/hr. Speeds as high as 210 km/hr have been reached by the tilt train from Brisbane to Rockhampton. Although there are a few medium speed rail systems in Australia, there is not a passenger rail transport with the high transit speeds seen in other countries. This paper presents the feasibility of implementing high speed rail systems in Australia by looking at the main elements that a high speed train is composed of. This paper also reviews the performance of high speed rail systems around the world and the factors contributed to their success made them successful. The main objective of this study is to look at how the solutions from overseas and how the technical requirements particularly the geotechnical aspects of tracks for a high speed rail system can be applied in Australian existing and new tracks. Australia has its own unique demographic, geographic and economic characteristics and the aim is to identify where there are overlaps between Australiaâs characteristics and countries with high speed rail systems. High speed rail transport might not necessarily be one the best solutions for the transportation at present in Australia, but it can be what a nation needs to succeed in its future transportation system.

Khabbaz, H, Fatahi, B & Nucifora, C 1970, 'Finite Element Methods against Limit Equilibrium Approaches for Slope Stability Analysis', Proceedings of the 11th Australia - New Zealand Conference on Geomechanics - Ground Engineering in a Changing World (ANZ 2012), Australia New Zealand Conference on Geomechanics, Geomechanical Society and New Zealand Geotechnical Society, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1293-1298.
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A number of powerful numerical models, including limit equilibrium and finite element (FE) methods, have been developed for slope stability analysis in recent decades. The limit equilibrium method contains several limitations, yet is considered the most common approach. However, the advancement of technology has increased the use of the finite element method as it embraces a wider range of features. The limit equilibrium software, SLOPE/W, and the FE program PLAXIS are two common software programs currently employed in geotechnical engineering. Slope analysis using the limit equilibrium method involves a series of slip surfaces dividing ground into vertical slices, and using the static equilibrium equations to calculate the factor of safety (FOS) and stresses for each slice. PLAXIS requires the input of soil properties and elastic-plastic parameters of elements. In this study the properties of a heterogeneous slope, consisting of general fill embankment over soft, slightly overconsolidated clay is implemented in each program. The FOS of slopes is determined for subsequent design requirements, and results are analysed and comparisons are conducted. The effect of Youngâs modulus on the FOS is also discussed. Recommendations are provided based on the results and previously published findings. The contribution of this paper is beneficial to geotechnical engineers, as it discusses the suitability and limitations of each method and assesses reliability of model outputs for slope stability analyses.

Khan, I, François, R & Castel, A 1970, 'Shear performance of long-term corroded reinforced concrete beams', BRIDGE MAINTENANCE, SAFETY, MANAGEMENT, RESILIENCE AND SUSTAINABILITY, 6th International Conference on Bridge Maintenance, Safety and Management (IABMAS), CRC Press, Stresa, ITALY, pp. 3272-3279.
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Khorsandnia, N, Valipour, H, Shrestha, R, Gerber, C & Crews, K 1970, 'Review on long-term behaviour of timber-concrete composite floors', From Materials to Structures: Advancement through Innovation - Proceedings Of The 22nd Australasian Conference On The Mechanics Of Structures And Materials, Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, CRC Press, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1053-1058.
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Timber-concrete composite (TCC) beams are made up two materials, i.e. wood and concrete, which exhibit different behaviours under long-term loading. The time-dependent behaviour of TCC beam is not only affected by the long-term load but also driven by the variation of the environmental conditions such as temperature and relative humidity. In particular, the maximum deflection under service loads may govern the design requirement for medium to long span TCC beams subjected to heavy environmental conditions. For such structures, application of simplified methods adopted by different codes may lead to significant errors. Hence investigating the long-term behaviour of TCC beams subject to variable environmental condition is of great importance for designers and researchers. In this paper the research undertaken on long-term behaviour of TCC floors is critically reviewed and the recent findings are highlighted. The most important references in the literature were selected to provide more depth into the time-dependent performance of TCC structure.

Khorsandnia, N, Valipour, HR & Crews, K 1970, 'Finite element modeling of timber-concrete composite beams under short-term loadings', ECCOMAS 2012 - European Congress on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering, e-Book Full Papers, 6th European Congress on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering (ECCOMAS), ECCOMAS, Vienna, Austria, pp. 859-867.
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The behavior and performance of timber-concrete composite (TCC) beams have been investigated through different experimental studies on small and full scale specimens under constant and variable ambient conditions, however, finite element modeling of TCC beams and capturing the accurate failure modes of TCC beams is still a challenging task. This paper presents the application of a continuum-based finite element model for loading capacity assessment of TCC beams. A novel approach for modeling TCC beams using the commercial software ABAQUS is introduced in which the behavior of timber and concrete are modeled by Hashin damage and a plastic-damage constitutive law, respectively. Furthermore, the partial interaction between reinforced concrete (RC) slab and timber is modeled by non-linear springs rather than contact elements. Comparison between FE model and available experimental results shows that the developed FE model and adopted constitutive laws for timber and concrete can capture the ultimate load and deflection of TCC beams up to failure with sufficient accuracy.

Khorsandnia, N, Valipour, HR, Gerber, C, Shrestha, R & Crews, K 1970, 'Comparative study on analytical modelling of short- and long-term behaviour in timber-concrete composite systems', World Conference on Timber Engineering 2012, WCTE 2012, Curran association, Auckland, New Zealand, pp. 304-312.
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Recent studies have shown that design of timber-concrete composite (TCC) floors may be governed by serviceability or ultimate limit states and therefore, the design requirements need to be satisfied under both short- and long-term actions. However, the long-term behaviour in medium to long span beams under heavy environmental conditions mainly governs the design. Conducting experimental tests to investigate the behaviour of TCC floors are expensive to run and are time consuming whereas analytical studies offer an efficient alternative for predicting the short- and long-term responses with reasonable accuracy. Time-dependant behaviour of TCC floors is not only affected by the long-term load but also driven by the variation of the environmental conditions such as temperature and relative humidity. The factors that affect the long-term behaviour of TCC floors are quite complex and non-linear. Some simplified as well as more comprehensive approaches have been developed to-date and reported in literature. This paper presents a comparison of several finite element models about the behaviour of TCC systems. It starts with analytical models of timber beams under ultimate and serviceability loads. Furthermore, the finite element models developed to date for predicting the short- and long-term responses of TCC beams are discussed. This paper also outlines a novel method for analysis of TCC beams and highlights the potential of the proposed formulation to capture both the short-and long-term behaviour with sufficient accuracy.

Khushaba, RN, Kodagoda, S & IEEE 1970, 'Electromyogram (EMG) Feature Reduction Using Mutual Components Analysis for Multifunction Prosthetic Fingers Control', 2012 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL, AUTOMATION, ROBOTICS & VISION (ICARCV), International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision, IEEE, Guangzhou, China, pp. 1534-1539.
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Surface Electromyogram (EMG) signals are usually utilized as a control source for multifunction powered prostheses. A challenge that arises with the current demands of such prostheses is the ability to accurately control a large number of individual and combined fingers movements and to do so in a computationally efficient manner. As a response to such a challenge, we present a combined feature selection and projection algorithm, denoted as Mutual Components Analysis (MCA). The proposed MCA algorithm extends the well-known Principal Components Analysis (PCA) by pruning the noisy and redundant features before projecting the data. To implement the feature selection step, the mutual information concept is utilized to implement a new information gain evaluation function. The performance and significance of the proposed MCA is demonstrated on EMG datasets collected for the purpose of this research from eight subjects with eight electrodes attached on their forearm. Fifteen classes of fingers movements where considered in this paper with MCA achieving >95% accuracy on average across all subjects. © 2012 IEEE.

Khushaba, RN, Kodagoda, S, Dissanayake, G, Greenacre, L, Burke, S, Louviere, J & IEEE 1970, 'A Neuroscientific Approach to Choice Modeling: Electroencephalogram (EEG) and User Preferences', 2012 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS (IJCNN), IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, IEEE, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 1-8.
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Paper available at: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6252561&contentType=Conference+Publications&sortType%3Ddesc_p_Publication_Year%26queryText%3Dkhushaba

Khushaba, RN, Lei Shi & Kodagoda, S 1970, 'Time-dependent spectral features for limb position invariant myoelectric pattern recognition', 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Surfers Paradise, Gold Coast, Australia, pp. 1020-1025.
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Recent studies on the myoelectric control of powered prosthetics revealed several factors that affect its clinical performance. One of the important factors is the variation in the limb position associated with normal use which can have a substantial impact on the robustness of Electromyogram (EMG) pattern recognition. To solve this problem, we propose in this paper a new feature extraction algorithm based on set of spectral moments that extracts the relevant information about the EMG power spectrum in an accurate and efficient manner. The main goal is to rely on effective knowledge discovery and pattern recognition methods to discover the neural information embedded in the EMG signals regardless of the limb position. Specifically, the proposed features define descriptive qualities for the general time domain-based characterization of the EMG spectral amplitude, spectral sparsity, and irregularity factor by the application of mathematical-statistical methods which also include frequency consideration. The performance of the proposed spectral moments is tested on EMG data collected from eight subjects, while implementing eight classes of movements, each at five different limb positions. Practical results indicate that training the classifier on the EMG moments collected from multiple positions and testing on completely unseen positions can achieve significant reduction in the classification error rates of upon â10% on average across all subjects and limb ositions.

Kim, J, Yoshizawa, S & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'A low-power MMSE MIMO detector using dynamic voltage wordlength scaling for 4&#x00D7;4 MIMO-OFDM systems', 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems - ISCAS 2012, IEEE.
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Kim, S & Kim, J 1970, 'Building large-scale occupancy maps using an infinite mixture of Gaussian process experts', Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, ACRA.
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This paper proposes a novel method of occupancy map building for large-scale applications. Although Gaussian processes have been successfully applied to occupancy map building, it suffers from high computational complexity of O(n3), where n is the number of training data, limiting its use for large-scale mappings. We propose to take a divide-and-conquer approach by partitioning training data into manageable subsets by combining a Dirichlet process mixture on top of a Gaussian process, which turns into an infinite mixtures of Gaussian process experts. Experimental results with simulated data show that our method produces accurate occupancy maps while maintaining the scalability.

Kim, S & Kim, J 1970, 'Building occupancy maps with a mixture of Gaussian processes', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), IEEE, IEEE, pp. 4756-4761.
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Kirchner, N, Alempijevic, A, Virgona, A & IEEE 1970, 'Head-to-shoulder signature for person recognition', 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA), IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, IEEE, St Paul, MN, USA, pp. 1226-1231.
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Ensuring that an interaction is initiated with a particular and unsuspecting member of a group is a complex task. As a first step the robot must effectively, expediently and reliably recognise the humans as they carry on with their typical behaviours (in situ). A method for constructing a scale and viewing angle robust feature vector (from analysing a 3D pointcloud) designed to encapsulate the inter-person variations in the size and shape of the people's head to shoulder region (Head-to-shoulder signature - HSS) is presented. Furthermore, a method for utilising said feature vector as the basis of person recognition via a Support-Vector Machine is detailed. An empirical study was performed in which person recognition was attempted on in situ data collected from 25 participants over 5 days in a office environment. The results report a mean accuracy over the 5 days of 78.15% and a peak accuracy 100% for 9 participants. Further, the results show a considerably better-than-random (1/23 = 4.5%) result for when the participants were: in motion and unaware they were being scanned (52.11%), in motion and face directly away from the sensor (36.04%), and post variations in their general appearance. Finally, the results show the HSS has considerable ability to accommodate for a person's head, shoulder and body rotation relative to the sensor - even in cases where the person is faced directly away from the robot.

Komkhao, M, Lu, J & Zhang, L 1970, 'Determining Pattern Similarity in a Medical Recommender System', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International Conference on Data and Knowledge Engineering, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Wuyishan, Fujian, China, pp. 103-114.
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012. As recommender systems have proven their effectiveness in other areas, it is aimed to transfer this approach for use in medicine. Particularly, the diagnoses of physicians made in rural hospitals of developing countries, in remote areas or in situations of uncertainty are to be complemented by machine recommendations drawing on large bases of expert knowledge in order to reduce the risk to patients. Recommendation is mainly based on finding known patterns similar to a case under consideration. To search for such patterns in rather large databases, a weighted similarity distance is employed, which is specially derived for medical knowledge. For collaborative filtering an incremental algorithm, called W-InCF, is used working with the Mahalanobis distance and fuzzy membership. W-InCF consists of a learning phase, in which a cluster model of patients’ medical history is constructed incrementally, and a prediction phase, in which the medical pattern of each patient considered is compared with the model to determine the most similar cluster. Fuzzy sets are employed to cope with possible confusion of decision making on overlapping clusters. The degrees of membership to these fuzzy sets is expressed by a weighted Mahalanobis radial basis function, and the weights are derived from risk factors identified by experts. The algorithm is validated using data on cephalopelvic disproportion.

Kutay, C, Howard-Wagner, D, Riley, L & Mooney, J 1970, 'Teaching Culture as Social Constructivism', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International Conference on Web-Based Learning, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Sinaia, Romania, pp. 61-68.
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Teaching complex learning domains such as cultural awareness relies on individual perspectives. In this paper we present the process and technology to develop an online system to share multiple experiences of Aboriginal Culture in NSW, Australia within a social-constructivist framework. The focus of the material is the Kinship system used for thousands of years in this region. This topic exemplifies the knowledge used to maintain societies and provides the setting for social conflict with the non-Aboriginal people who came here in recent history. We are using stories from the community to augment the learning material. Using innovative web services, teachers can select the stories that are relevant to their course, and link these within a range of scenarios being developed. The scenarios enable students to select the way they relate to the characters, listen to their stories, and become aware of their own role in the community. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

Kutay, C, Riley, L, Howard-Wagner, D & Mooney, J 1970, 'Teaching aboriginal culture online: Sustaining traditions of knowledge sharing', ASCILITE 2012 - Annual conference of the Australian Society for Computers in Tertiary Education, Australian Society for Computers in Tertiary Education, ascilite, Wellington, New Zealnd.
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This paper is an account of a research project being undertaken for an Australian Learning and Teaching Council grant to develop Indigenous On-Line Cultural Teaching & Sharing. The project is built on an existing face-to-face interactive presentation based on the theme of Australian Aboriginal Kinship systems, which has been designed for teaching university and school students and their teachers and describes the process used to develop web services that aim to provide more interactive and exploratory learning environments.

Kutay, CM 1970, 'Trust Online for Information Sharing', Proceedings of the International Conference on Knowledge Management and Information Sharing, International Conference on Knowledge Management and Information Sharing, SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 216-222.
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The use of the Internet for information sharing between government departments and between government and community organisations is growing. However the issue of trust needs further study as this communication could benefit from Web 2.0 technologies. This project was initiated by a network of Indigenous people in government and community who wished to make more efficient use of information sharing online, without people external to the culture and aspirations being able to influence the content, or comment on the work being shared. The culture has a strong protocol for sharing information or knowledge, and this is rarely valued outside this community. Furthermore, the experience as a minority culture within a colonised society has increased the caution in public display of people’s interests or concerns.

Lai, J, Dutkiewicz, E, Liu, RP, Vesilo, R & Zheng, C 1970, 'Dynamic spectrum access with two channel sensing in cognitive radio networks', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), ICC 2012 - 2012 IEEE International Conference on Communications, IEEE, Ottawa, ON, Canada, pp. 1757-1762.
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In this paper we present a novel dynamic spectrum sensing and access model in cognitive radio networks. This model allows secondary users (SUs) to sequentially sense two channels in a single time slot and provides coordinated access of multiple SUs to the available channels. The presented access model is formulated as a channel assignment optimization problem which is shown to be NP-hard. We subsequently propose and analyze a Markov chain based greedy channel assignment scheme (MCGA) which allows for sequential sensing of two channels with a priority order per time slot. Finally, we analyze and evaluate the performance of our approach in a saturated network. Our analytical results, validated by simulation, indicate that compared to the existing work, our approach can achieve significant improvements in terms of SU throughput and MAC delay. © 2012 IEEE.

Lai, J, Dutkiewicz, E, Ren Ping Liu & Vesilo, R 1970, 'Cooperative sensing with detection threshold optimization in cognitive radio networks', 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia, pp. 781-786.
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Spectrum sensing is a key enabling technology for cognitive radio networks where secondary users (SUs) are allowed to opportunistically utilize the potentially unused frequency band without causing harmful interference to the licensed users. Cooperative spectrum sensing has been proposed to significantly improve spectrum sensing accuracy by taking advantage of the cooperation among geographically distributed multiple SUs. In this paper, we present a cooperative spectrum sensing model with an individual energy detection threshold for each SU and formulate cooperative spectrum sensing as a nonlinear optimization problem to minimize the probability of false alarm subject to the constraint of missed detection probability. We then propose a suboptimal scheme based on a heuristic algorithm by assigning a distinct detection threshold to each individual cooperative spectrum sensing SU. Numerical results show that given a threshold of missed detection probability, the proposed scheme compared with the existing work can achieve a significant reduction in the false alarm probability, indicating that more spectrum opportunities can be identified by SUs. © 2012 IEEE.

Lai, YW & Lee, JE-Y 1970, 'In situ study of thermal deformation of metal resistive heater on silicon nitride membrane by digital holographic microscopy', 2012 7th IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS), 2012 7th IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS), IEEE.
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Latif, ZA, Aman, SNA & Pradhan, B 1970, 'Landslide susceptibility mapping using LiDAR derived factors and frequency ratio model: Ulu Klang area, Malaysia', 2012 IEEE 8th International Colloquium on Signal Processing and its Applications, 2012 IEEE 8th International Colloquium on Signal Processing & its Applications (CSPA), IEEE, pp. 378-382.
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Le, TM, Liu, RP & Hedley, M 1970, 'Rogue access point detection and localization', 2012 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications - (PIMRC), 2012 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications - (PIMRC 2012), IEEE, Sydney, NSW, Australia, pp. 2489-2493.
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The threat of rogue Access Points (APs) has attracted significant attentions from both industrial and academic researchers. However existing solutions focus on rogue AP detection, rather than localization. We propose a Rogue AP Detection and Localization (RAPDL) architecture, which integrates rogue AP detection and localization into one software system. A RAPDL demonstration system has been developed in our laboratory. In the RAPDL system, the monitors identify potential rogue APs, measure their properties and report relevant information to the server. The RAPDL server collects information from all monitors, and runs a localization algorithm to identify and locate the rogue APs. We implemented two localization algorithms in the RAPDL system based on received signal strength (RSS) and compare their performance. Experimental results acquired in an office environment show that RAPDL can detect and locate rogue APs quickly and accurately. © 2012 IEEE.

Lee, J, Gu, N, Jupp, JR & Sherratt, SM 1970, 'Towards a formal evaluation of creativity in parametric design process: a pilot study', Proceedings of the Design Research Society Conference 2012 Volume 3, Design Research Society (UK) International Conference, Design Research Society, Bangkok Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 959-970.
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Parametric design has become an emerging research issue in the design domain. However, our current understanding of creativity in the parametric design processes is limited. This study presents a formal approach for describing and identifying cognitive thinking and activities for evaluating creativity in parametric design processes using protocol analysis. This coding scheme is based on the creative acts: Representation, Perception, and Searching for a solution. Also, it provides Geometry and Algorithm categories to capture the cognitive activity in the parametric design process. The effectiveness of this formal approach was examined in a pilot study. The percentage of coverage of geometric and algorithmic codes results in a better understanding of the parametric design process over a time period. The normalised value of the coverage percentage allows us to explore three levels of design cognition in terms of creativity. This research contributes to the development and verification of a formal approach for evaluating creativity in parametric designing. With this formal approach, this research provides a promising procedure, not yet available, of capturing cognitive activity and identifying creative patterns in the parametric design process

Leijdekkers, P & Gay, V 1970, 'User Adoption of Mobile Apps for Chronic Disease Management: A Case Study Based on myFitnessCompanion®.', ICOST, International Conference on Smart Homes and Health Telematics (ICOST), Springer, Artimino, Italy, pp. 42-49.
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Health and fitness apps for smart phones and tablets are changing the way we look after your health. This paper analyses the usage of such an app called myFitnessCompanion for chronic disease management. The analysis is based on data collected from 5000* users over a period of 7 months. Highlights of the study show that blood glucose, weight and blood pressure are teh main physsiological data being monitored. Americans and Germans are the front-runners in adopting mobile health apps and are willing to pay for it. Most users choose to enter data manually instead of using automated wireless Bluetooth sensors. Users prefer to store the collected data on the phone rather than exporting it to Personal Health Record Systems

Leveaux, R 1970, 'Decision Making Technology at the 2012 Olympic Games Taekwondo Competition', INNOVATION VISION 2020: SUSTAINABLE GROWTH, ENTREPRENEURSHIP, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, VOLS 1-4, 19th International-Business-Information-Management-Association Conference, INT BUSINESS INFORMATION MANAGEMENT ASSOC-IBIMA, Barcelona, SPAIN, pp. 1646-1653.

Leveaux, R 1970, 'Decision Making Technology for Olympic Taekwondo Referees', PROCEEDINGS OF 2012 PRE-OLYMPIC CONGRESS ON SPORTS SCIENCE AND COMPUTER SCIENCE IN SPORT (IACSS2012), Pre-Olympic Congress on Sports Science and Computer Science in Sport (IACSS 2012), WORLD ACAD UNION-WORLD ACAD PRESS, UNITED KINGDOM, Liverpool, pp. 208-214.

Leveaux, RR 1970, '2012 Olympic Games Decision Making Technologies for Taekwondo Competition', Procedings of the 19th International Business Information Management Association Conference, IBIMA Publishing, Barcelona, pp. 1646-1653.
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Leading up to the 2012 Olympic Games the demands for transparency and correctness in referee decision making in the sport of taekwondo increased dramatically to the extent where differing technologies were implemented for the first time at the Olympic level in London. This post Olympic research examines the impacts of those technologies on one sector of the sports stakeholders referees. The study was conducted through discussion groups and interviews with elite level international referees (n=31). The findings present that via the diligent use and application of the technologies, provided mechanisms to greatly improve the correctness of decisions by being an effective aid to the referees decision making process, which contributed to the success of the event. Further it can be seen that with the implementation and use of these technologies, competition can now be provided on a fairer platform, in turn leading to a greater improvement in player performance and providing a more attractive competition. These findings provide a platform for further studies including trials utilizing more advanced technologies to further increase the transparency and correctness of referee decision making

Li, H, Wei, D & Jiang, Z 1970, 'Crystal plasticity finite element analysis of 3D surface asperity flattening in metal forming process', Steel Research International, pp. 1131-1134.
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In order to figure out the relationship between the surface asperity flattening (surface roughness) and texture, rate-dependent crystal plasticity constitutive model has been employed into the finite element software ABAQUS to simulate the surface asperity flattening in the uniaxial planar compression. Measured textures and surface roughness are introduced into the 3D surface roughness model. The calculated results show a good agreement with the experimental results. With an increase of reduction, the surface asperity flattening tends to increase, and brass component {110}<112> of silk texture becomes stronger, while the cubic texture {001}<100> becomes weaker. © 2012 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Li, J & Tao, D 1970, 'Sampling Normal Distribution Restricted on Multiple Regions.', ICONIP (1), International Conference on Neural Information Processing, Springer, Doha, Qatar, pp. 492-500.
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We develop an accept-reject sampler for probability densities that have the similar form of a normal density function, but supported on restricted regions. Compared to existing techniques, the proposed method deals with multiple disjoint regions, truncated on one or both sides. For the original problem of sampling from one region, the efficiency is enhanced as well. We verify the desirable attributes of the proposed algorithm by both theoretical analysis and simulation studies. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

Li, Y & Wang, JJ 1970, 'A robust pedestrian navigation algorithm with low cost IMU', 2012 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN), 2012 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN), IEEE, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1-7.
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Zero velocity update (ZUPT) is an effective way for pedestrian navigation in a GPS (Global Positioning System) denied environment. The stance phase in each step provides zero velocity measurement for IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) drift correction. Most previous research, however, gives navigation solutions only for pedestrian walking but not running. Compared with walking, running has a shorter stance phase with qualified as zero velocity. Therefore a stance phase detector for walking may not be capable for running. This paper presents a novel ZUPT algorithm which can achieve robust pedestrian navigation for walking, stair climbing, and running. Our stance phase detector consists of one footstep detector and two zero velocity detectors (ZVDs).The footstep detector is used to mark each new step, and the first ZVD (ZVD1) can successfully detect zero velocity while walking by setting thresholds on both gyroscope and accelerometer measurements. While ZVD1 is failed for running, the second ZVD (ZVD2) is introduced with a relative larger threshold on gyroscope measurement only. The proposed stance phase detector was tested for walking, running and stair climbing. In all cases, most of the footsteps are detected correctly and our ZUPT algorithm can be successfully implemented. Experimental results show that the navigation accuracy of the proposed algorithm for running cases is comparable to that of walking only cases. Tests on a biped robot are being also conducted to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm. © 2012 IEEE.

Li, Y, Li, J & Samali, B 1970, 'A novel adaptive base isolator utilising magnetorheological elastomer', From Materials to Structures: Advancement Through Innovation - Proceedings of the 22nd Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, ACMSM 2012, Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, CRC Press, Sydney, Australia, pp. 763-767.
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Base isolation is the most popular seismic protection technique for civil structures. However, research has revealed that the traditional base isolation system is vulnerable to two kinds of earthquakes, i.e. the near-fault and far-fault earthquakes, due to its passive nature.A great deal of effort has been dedicated to improve the performance of traditional base isolation systems for these two types of earthquakes. Controllable supplementary and energy-dissipation members, such as magnetorheological damper, friction damper or hydraulic fluid damper, have been proposed to reduce seismic responses of the building structures. However, with the introduction of additional control devices, the system complexity increases resulting difficulty in the system implementation and control system design. It would be ideal if a certain level of adaptability could be introduced into base isolation systems while maintaining the traditional outfit. This paper addresses the challenge facing the current base isolation practices and proposes a novel adaptive base isolator as a solution to the problem.A smart rubber, namely, magnetorheological elastomer (MRE), is utilised in this research for its magnetic field-sensitive material property as the main element in the novel device. The tradition base isolator design for a large-scale structure with laminated steel and MRE layers is adopted. To verify and characterise the performance of the MRE base isolator, experimental testing was conducted on UTS shake table facility. Experimental results show that after being energised with magnetic field, the maximum force and the stiffness of the novel device can increase by up to approximately 45% and 37%, respectively.With the field-dependent stiffness and damping, the proposed adaptive base isolator is very promising in meeting the challenges associated with the base isolation systems encountered in practice. © 2013 Taylor & Francis Group.

Li, Y, Liu, B, Rong, B, Wu, Y, Gagnon, G, Gui, L & Zhang, W 1970, 'On the performance of LDPC-RS product codes for mobile DTV', IEEE international Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting, 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB), IEEE, Yonsei Univ, Seoul, SOUTH KOREA.
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Li, Y, Luo, X, Ren, XT & Wang, JJ 1970, 'A robust humanoid robot navigation algorithm with ZUPT', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA), IEEE, Chengdu,China, pp. 505-510.
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This paper discusses algorithmic concepts, design and testing of a pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) navigation system based on a low-cost inertial measurement unit (IMU) attached to a user's shoe. The algorithm uses the technique known as 'Zero Velocity Update' (ZUPT) and Kalman Filter consists of 24 error states to reduce IMU errors. We propose a novel dynamic and more robust algorithm to detect the stance phases during walking. The system works well in both 2D (2-dimensional) and 3D environments. Test results show that its horizontal positioning errors are always below 0.3% of the total travelled distance, and the vertical errors are below 0.7%, even on 3D terrain. These results reach the highest position accuracy in available literature. © 2012 IEEE.

Li, Y, Wang, JJ, Xiao, S & Luo, X 1970, 'Dead reckoning navigation with Constant Velocity Update (CUPT)', 2012 12th International Conference on Control Automation Robotics & Vision (ICARCV), 2012 12th International Conference on Control Automation Robotics & Vision (ICARCV 2012), IEEE, Guangzhou, China, pp. 160-165.
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This paper introduces a new algorithm for dead reckoning navigation named Constant Velocity Update (CUPT), which is an extension of popular Zero Velocity Update (ZUPT). With a low-cost IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) attached to a user's shoe, the proposed algorithm can efficiently reduce IMU errors by detecting not only the stance phases during walking, but also the cases at constant velocity, such as in an elevator or on an escalator. The concept, design and test of a CUPT prototype are detailed in this paper. Test results show that it can effectively detect constant velocity, and its horizontal positioning errors are below 0.45% of the total distance travelled, and vertical errors below 0.25%. This performance reached the highest accuracy in available literature. © 2012 IEEE.

Li, Z, Yang, Y, Liu, J, Zhou, X & Lu, H 1970, 'Unsupervised feature selection using nonnegative spectral analysis', Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 1026-1032.
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In this paper, a new unsupervised learning algorithm, namely Nonnegative Discriminative Feature Selection (NDFS), is proposed. To exploit the discriminative information in unsupervised scenarios, we perform spectral clustering to learn the cluster labels of the input samples, during which the feature selection is performed simultaneously. The joint learning of the cluster labels and feature selection matrix enables NDFS to select the most discriminative features. To learn more accurate cluster labels, a nonnegative constraint is explicitly imposed to the class indicators. To reduce the redundant or even noisy features, ℓ 2,1-norm minimization constraint is added into the objective function, which guarantees the feature selection matrix sparse in rows. Our algorithm exploits the discriminative information and feature correlation simultaneously to select a better feature subset. A simple yet efficient iterative algorithm is designed to optimize the proposed objective function. Experimental results on different real world datasets demonstrate the encouraging performance of our algorithm over the state-of-the-arts. Copyright © 2012, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence. All rights reserved.

Liang, J, Hua, J, Huang, ML, Nguyen, QV & Simoff, S 1970, 'Rectangle orientation in area judgment task for treemap design', Proceedings of the 24th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference, OzCHI '12: The 24th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference, ACM, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, pp. 349-352.
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Prior works on treemaps have mainly focused on developing the new layouts. The existing treemaps generated from various algorithms require careful examination on design parameter. However, current research does not provide usability studies of treemap guidelines on effectiveness of design parameters. Hence, selecting the most effective parameter for certain type of task is primarily based on intuition preference of visualization designer. For example, in the existing research, there is insufficient guidance on orientation for treemap design yet. Therefore, the impact of orientation remains unclear in visual analysis tasks performance. The contribution of this paper is to assess the effect of orientation in visual data analysis process so that we will further investigate treemap design guidance. © 2012 ACM.

Liang, J, Huang, ML & Nguyen, QV 1970, 'Perceptual User Study for Combined Treemap', 2012 11th International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications, 2012 Eleventh International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA), IEEE, Boca Raton, FL, USA, pp. 300-305.
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Space-filling visualization techniques have proved their capability in visualizing large hierarchical structured data. However, most existing techniques restrict their partitioning process in vertical and horizontal direction only, which cause problem with identifying hierarchical structures. According to Gestalt research, limiting tree map visualisation to rectangles blocks the utilisation of human capability on object recognition, due to the same fixed size (90 degrees) of all the angles of the shapes in the tree visualisation. However, this assertion was only supported by theory and not rooted in empirical perception data. We conducted a series of controlled experiments to investigate the effect of shape variation of data elements and container in visual data analysis process. We first studied how shape variation affects user's perception in the visual data analysis process. We compared combined treemap with traditional rectangular treemaps, slice & dice treemaps and squarifed treemaps. Finally, we demonstrated the effect of the new approach which combines rectangular and non-rectangular treemaps and validate the method based on the empirical results. © 2012 IEEE.

Liang, J, Nguyen, QV, Simoff, S & Huang, ML 1970, 'Angular Treemaps - A New Technique for Visualizing and Emphasizing Hierarchical Structures', 2012 16th International Conference on Information Visualisation, 2012 16th International Conference on Information Visualisation (IV), IEEE, Montpellier, France, pp. 74-80.
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Space-filling visualization techniques have proved their capability in visualizing large hierarchical structured data. However, most existing techniques restrict their partitioning process in vertical and horizontal direction only, which cause problem with identifying hierarchical structures. This paper presents a new space-filling method named Angular Treemaps that relax the constraint of the rectangular subdivision. The approach of Angular Treemaps utilizes divide and conquer paradigm to visualize and emphasize large hierarchical structures within a compact and limited display area with better interpretability. Angular Treemaps generate various layouts to highlight hierarchical sub-structure based on user's preferences or system recommendations. It offers flexibility to be adopted into a wider range of applications, regarding different enclosing shapes. Preliminary usability results suggest user's performance by using this technique is improved in locating and identifying categorized analysis tasks. © 2012 IEEE.

Liaquat, AM, Masjuki, HH, Kalam, MA, Bhuiya, MMK & Varman, M 1970, 'Influence of Coconut Biodiesel and Waste Cooking Oil Blended Fuels on Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics', ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference, ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference, American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
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Due to diminishing petroleum reserves and the environmental consequences of exhaust gases from petroleum fuelled engines, alternative fuels are becoming increasingly important for diesel engines. The processed form of vegetable oil (Biodiesel) and waste products (waste cooking oil) offer attractive alternative fuels for compression ignition engines. In this study experimental work has been carried out to investigate engine performance parameters and emissions characteristics for direct injection diesel engine using coconut biodiesel and waste cooking oil blends without any engine modifications. A total of three fuel samples, such as DF (100% low-sulfur diesel fuel), CB10 (10% coconut biodiesel and 90% DF), and C5W5 (5% CB + 5% waste cooking oil and 90% DF) respectively are used. Engine performance test was performed at 100% load keeping throttle 100% wide open with variable speeds of 1500 to 2400 rpm at an interval of 100 rpm. Whereas, emission tests were carried out at 2300 rpm at 100% and 80% throttle position. As the results of investigations, there has been a decrease in torque and brake power, where increase in specific fuel consumption has been observed for blend fuels over the entire speed range as compared to diesel fuel. In case of engine exhaust gas emissions, lower HC, CO, CO2 emissions and higher NOx emissions, were found for fuel blends compared to diesel fuel. However, sound level for both blend fuels was lower as compared to diesel fuel. It can be concluded that CB10 and C5W5 can be used in diesel engines without any engine modifications and have beneficial effects both in terms of emission reductions and alternative petroleum diesel fuel. However, C5W5 produced better results compared to CB10.

Lie, S, Liu, DK & Bongers, B 1970, 'A cooperative approach to the design of an Operator Control Unit for a semi-autonomous grit-blasting robot', Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, ACRA, Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, Australian Robotics and Automation Association (ARAA), Wellington, New Zealand, pp. 1-7.
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Due to the diverse range of applications that robots cover today, Human Robot Interaction interface design has become an equally diverse area. This diverse area is characterised by the different types of end users that make use of the robots. For robots to be useful to end users their needs have to be well understood by the robotics development teams. One approach that facilitates understanding the end users needs is Cooperative Design. This paper presents the results of a study that took a Cooperative Design approach to the design and development of a robotic Operator Control Unit. The results presented here demonstrate that end users involved in the cooperative design approach thought it added important value to the design outcome, that they enjoyed the process and that it helped build interpersonal relationships within the development team.

Lieber, D, Konrad, B, Deuse, J, Stolpe, M & Morik, K 1970, 'Sustainable Interlinked Manufacturing Processes through Real-Time Quality Prediction', Leveraging Technology for a Sustainable World - Proceedings of the 19th CIRP Conference on Life Cycle Engineering, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 393-398.
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Based on a rolling mill case study, this paper discusses how data mining techniques and intelligent machine-to-machine telematics could be used to predict internal quality issues of intermediate products in manufacturing processes. The huge amount of data recorded during processing and the distributed but sequential nature of the manufacturing lead to challenging questions for data mining applications and advanced process control approaches in industries like steel production. Moreover, the discovery for hidden information, knowledge and dependencies in the process data contribute significantly to support avoiding waste of resources and achieving the objectives of zero-defect-production, sustainable and energy-efficient manufacturing processes.

Lin Zhu, Longbing Cao & Jie Yang 1970, 'Multiobjective evolutionary algorithm-based soft subspace clustering', 2012 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2012 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), IEEE, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 1-8.
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In this paper, a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based soft subspace clustering, MOSSC, is proposed to simultaneously optimize the weighting within-cluster compactness and weighting between-cluster separation incorporated within two different clustering validity criteria. The main advantage of MOSSC lies in the fact that it effectively integrates the merits of soft subspace clustering and the good properties of the multiobjective optimization-based approach for fuzzy clustering. This makes it possible to avoid trapping in local minima and thus obtain more stable clustering results. Substantial experimental results on both synthetic and real data sets demonstrate that MOSSC is generally effective in subspace clustering and can achieve superior performance over existing state-of-the-art soft subspace clustering algorithms

Lin, C-T, Wang, Y-K & Chen, S-A 1970, 'A hierarchal classifier for identifying independent components', The 2012 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), 2012 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 2012 - Brisbane), IEEE.
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Brain-computer interface (BCI) has shown explosive growth for multiple applications in the recently years. Removing artifacts and selecting useful brain sources are essential in BCI research. Independent Component Analysis (ICA) has been proven as an effective technique to remove artifacts and many brain related researches are based on ICA. However, the useful independent components with brain sources are usually selected manually according to the scalp-plots. This is great inconvenience and a barrier for real-time BCI applications of EEG. In this investigation, a two-layer automatic identification model is proposed to select useful brain sources. It is based on neural network including support vector machine with radial basis function (SVMRBF) and self-organizing map (SOM). In the first layer, SVM discriminates useful independent components from the artifact effectively. In the second layer, these selected useful components are automatically classified to different spatial brain sources according to SOM. This study suggests this model to one general application for EEG study. It can reduce the effect of subjective judgment and improve the performance of EEG analysis. © 2012 IEEE.

Lin, H & Zhang, G 1970, 'Risk Prediction Framework and Model for Bank External Fund Attrition', 14th International Conference on Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems (IPMU), International Conference on Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Catania, Italy, pp. 170-180.
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Customer Attrition is a function of customer transaction and service related characteristics and also a combination of cancellation and switching to a competitor. This paper first presents a risk prediction framework for bank customer attrition. A risk prediction approach and a combined sporadic risk prediction model are then proposed to support decision making of financial managers. Real world experiments validate the proposed framework, approach and model and show the positive results for bank customer attrition prediction and marketing decision making.

Lin, Q, Zhang, Y, Zhang, W & Li, A 1970, 'General Spatial Skyline Operator', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Database Systems for Advanced Applications, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Busan, South Korea, pp. 494-508.
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With the emergence of location-aware mobile device technologies, communication technologies and GPS systems, various location-aware queries have attracted great attentions in the database literature. In many user recommendation systems, the spatial preference query is used to suggest the objects based on their spatial proximity to the facilities. In this paper, we study the problem of general spatial skyline which can provide a minimal set of candidates that contain optimal solutions for any monotonic distance based spatial preference query. An efficient algorithm is proposed to significantly reduce the number of non-promising objects in the computation. The paper also covers a comprehensive performance study of the proposed techniques based on both real and synthetic data. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

Linares-Mustarós, S, Merigó, JM & Ferrer-Comalat, JC 1970, 'A Method for Uncertain Sales Forecast by Using Triangular Fuzzy Numbers', MODELING AND SIMULATION IN ENGINEERING, ECONOMICS, AND MANAGEMENT, MS 2012, International Conference of Modeling and Simulation in Engineering, Economics, and Management, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, New Rochelle, NY, pp. 98-113.
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Ling, L, Burnett, IS, Cheng, E & IEEE 1970, 'A Dense 3D Reconstruction Approach From Uncalibrated Video Sequences', 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTIMEDIA AND EXPO WORKSHOPS (ICMEW), IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, IEEE, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, pp. 587-592.
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Current approaches for 3D reconstruction from feature points of images are classed as sparse and dense techniques. However, the sparse approaches are insufficient for surface reconstruction since only sparsely distributed feature points are presented. Further, existing dense reconstruction approaches require pre-calibrated camera orientation, which limits the applicability and flexibility. This paper proposes a one-stop 3D reconstruction solution that reconstructs a highly dense surface from an uncalibrated video sequence, the camera orientations and surface reconstruction are simultaneously computed from new dense point features using an approach motivated by Structure from Motion (SfM) techniques. Further, this paper presents a flexible automatic method with the simple interface of 'videos to 3D model'. These improvements are essential to practical applications in 3D modeling and visualization. The reliability of the proposed algorithm has been tested on various data sets and the accuracy and performance are compared with both sparse and dense reconstruction benchmark algorithms. © 2012 IEEE.

Ling, SH, Nguyen, HT, Leung, FHF, Chan, KY, Jiang, F & IEEE 1970, 'Intelligent Fuzzy Particle Swarm Optimization with Cross-Mutated Operation', 2012 IEEE CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION (CEC), IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, IEEE, Australia, pp. 3009-3016.
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This paper presents a novel fuzzy particle swarm optimization with cross-mutated operation (FPSOCM), where a fuzzy logic is applied to determine the inertia weight of PSO and the control parameter of the proposed cross-mutated operation based on human knowledge. By introducing the fuzzy system, the value of the inertia weight of PSO becomes adaptive. The new cross-mutated operation effectively drives the solution to escape from local optima. To illustrate the performance of the FPSOCM, a suite of benchmark test functions are employed. Experimental results show the proposed FPSOCM method performs better than some existing hybrid PSO methods in terms of solution quality and solution reliability (standard deviation upon many trials). Moreover, an industrial application of economic load dispatch is given to show that the FPSOCM method performs statistically more significant than the existing hybrid PSO methods

Linh Lan Nguyen, Su, S & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Identification of Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia in Type 1 Diabetic patients using ECG parameters', 2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2012 34th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), IEEE, San Diego, CA, USA, pp. 2716-2719.
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Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia are both serious diseases related to diabetes mellitus. Among Type 1 Diabetic patients, there are who experience both hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic events. The aim of this study was to identify of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia based on ECG changes in this population. An ECG Acquisition and Analysis System based on LabVIEW software has been developed for collecting ECG signals and extracting features with abnormal changes. ECG parameters included Heart rate (HR), corrected QT interval (QTeC), PR interval, corrected RT interval (RTC) and corrected TpTe interval (TpTe C ). Blood glucose levels were used to classify glycemic states in subjects as hypoglycemic state ( 60 mml/l, Hypo), as normoglycemic state (80 to 110 mmol/l, Normo), and as hyperglycemic state 150 mml/l, Hyper). The results indicated that hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic states produce significant inverse changes on those ECG parameters. © 2012 IEEE.

Lister, R, Corney, M, Curran, J, D'Souza, D, Fidge, C, Gluga, R, Hamilton, M, Harland, J, Hogan, J, Kay, J, Murphy, T, Roggenkamp, M, Sheard, J, Simon & Teague, D 1970, 'Toward a shared understanding of competency in programming: An invitation to the BABELnot project', Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series, Australasian Computing Education Conference, Australian Computer Society Inc, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 53-60.
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The ICT degrees in most Australian universities have a sequence of up to three programming subjects, or units. BABELnot is an ALTC-funded project that will document the academic standards associated with those three subjects in the six participating universities and, if possible, at other universities. This will necessitate the development of a rich framework for describing the learning goals associated with programming. It will also be necessary to benchmark exam questions that are mapped onto this framework. As part of the project, workshops are planned for ACE 2012, ICER 2012 and ACE 2013, to elicit feedback from the broader Australasian computing education community, and to disseminate the project's findings. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the project to that broader Australasian computing education community and to invite their active participation.

Liu, L, Fan, D, Liu, M, Xu, G, Chen, S, Zhou, Y, Chen, X, Wang, Q & Wei, Y 1970, 'A MapReduce-Based Parallel Clustering Algorithm for Large Protein-Protein Interaction Networks', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), International Conference on Advanced Data Mining and Applications, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Nanjing, China, pp. 138-148.
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Clustering proteins or identifying functionally related proteins in Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) networks is one of the most computation-intensive problems in the proteomic community. Most researches focused on improving the accuracy of the clustering algorithms. However, the high computation cost of these clustering algorithms, such as Girvan and Newmans clustering algorithm, has been an obstacle to their use on large-scale PPI networks. In this paper, we propose an algorithm, called Clustering-MR, to address the problem. Our solution can effectively parallelize the Girvan and Newmans clustering algorithms based on edge-betweeness using MapReduce. We evaluated the performance of our Clustering-MR algorithm in a cloud environment with different sizes of testing datasets and different numbers of worker nodes. The experimental results show that our Clustering-MR algorithm can achieve high performance for large-scale PPI networks with more than 1000 proteins or 5000 interactions. © Springer-Verlag 2012.

Liu, M, Huang, S, Dissanayake, G, Wang, H, IEEE & Japan, RSO 1970, 'A Convex Optimization Based Approach for Pose SLAM Problems', 2012 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS (IROS), IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IEEE, Algarve, Portugal, pp. 1898-1903.
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This paper demonstrates that 2D pose SLAM has an underlining near convex structure when formulated as a least squares (LS) optimization problem. By introducing new variables and some approximations, the LS pose SLAM problem can be formulated as a quadratically constrained quadratic programming (QCQP) problem. The QCQP formulation can then be relaxed into a semi-definite programming (SDP) problem which is convex. Unique solution to the convex SDP problem can be obtained without initial state estimate and can be used to construct a candidate solution to the original LS pose SLAM problem. Simulation datasets and the Intel Research Lab dataset have been used to demonstrate that when the relative pose information contain noises with reasonable level, the candidate solution obtained through the relaxation is very close to the optimal solution to the LS SLAM problem. Thus in practice, the candidate solution can serve as either an approximate solution or a good initial guess for a local optimization algorithm to obtain the optimal solution to the LS pose SLAM problem. © 2012 IEEE.

Liujuan Cao, Rongrong Ji, Yue Gao, Yi Yang & Qi Tian 1970, 'Weakly supervised sparse coding with geometric consistency pooling', 2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), IEEE, Providence, RI, USA, pp. 3578-3585.
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Most recently the Bag-of-Features (BoF) representation has been well advocated for image search and classification, with two decent phases named sparse coding and max pooling to compensate quantization loss as well as inject spatial layouts. But still, much information has been discarded by quantizing local descriptors with two-dimensional layouts into a one-dimensional BoF histogram. In this paper, we revisit this popular sparse coding max pooling paradigm by looking around the local descriptor context towards an optimal BoF. First, we introduce a Weakly supervised Sparse Coding (WSC) to exploit the Classemes-based attribute labeling to refine the descriptor coding procedure. It is achieved by learning an attribute-to-word co-occurrence prior to impose a label inconsistency distortion over the 1 based coding regularizer, such that the descriptor codes can maximally preserve the image semantic similarity. Second, we propose an adaptive feature pooling scheme over superpixels rather than over fixed spatial pyramids, named Geometric Consistency Pooling (GCP). As an effect, local descriptors enjoying good geometric consistency are pooled together to ensure a more precise spatial layouts embedding in BoF. Both of our phases are unsupervised, which differ from the existing works in supervised dictionary learning, sparse coding and feature pooling. Therefore, our approach enables potential applications like scalable visual search. We evaluate in both image classification and search benchmarks and report good improvements over the state-of-the-arts. © 2012 IEEE.

Loke, L, Khut, GP & Kocaballi, AB 1970, 'Bodily experience and imagination', Proceedings of the Designing Interactive Systems Conference, DIS '12: Designing Interactive Systems Conference 2012, ACM, Newcastle, UK, pp. 779-788.
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We are exploring new possibilities for bodily-focused aesthetic experiences within participatory live-art contexts. As artist-researchers, we are interested in how we can understand and shape bodily experience and imagination as primary components of an interactive aesthetic experience, sonically mediated by digital biofeedback technologies. Through the making of a participatory live-art installation, we illustrate how we used the Bodyweather performance methodology to inform the design of ritual interactions intended to reframe the audience experience of self, body and the world through imaginative processes of scaling and metaphor. We report on the insights into the varieties of audience experience gathered from audience testing of the prototype artwork, with a particular focus on the relationship between the embodied imagination and felt sensation; the influence of objects and costume; and the sonically mediated experience of physiological processes of breathing and heartbeat. We offer some reflections on the use of ritual and scripted interactions as a strategy for facilitating coherent forms of bodily experience.

Long, G, Chen, L, Zhu, X & Zhang, C 1970, 'TCSST', Proceedings of the 21st ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management, CIKM'12: 21st ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, ACM, Maui, Hawaii, USA, pp. 764-772.
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Short & sparse text is becoming more prevalent on the web, such as search snippets, micro-blogs and product reviews. Accurately classifying short & sparse text has emerged as an important while challenging task. Existing work has considered utilizing external data (e.g. Wikipedia) to alleviate data sparseness, by appending topics detected from external data as new features. However, training a classifier on features concatenated from different spaces is not easy considering the features have different physical meanings and different significance to the classification task. Moreover, it exacerbates the 'curse of dimensionality' problem. In this study, we propose a transfer classification method, TCSST, to exploit the external data to tackle the data sparsity issue. The transfer classifier will be learned in the original feature space. Considering that the labels of the external data may not be readily available or sufficiently enough, TCSST further exploits the unlabeled external data to aid the transfer classification. We develop novel strategies to allow TCSST to iteratively select high quality unlabeled external data to help with the classification. We evaluate the performance of TCSST on both benchmark as well as real-world data sets. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective in classifying very short & sparse text, consistently outperforming existing and baseline methods. © 2012 ACM.

Lowe, D, Bharathy, G, Stumpers, B & Yeung, H 1970, 'Laboratory lesson plans: Opportunities created by remote laboratories', 2012 9th International Conference on Remote Engineering and Virtual Instrumentation (REV), 2012 9th International Conference on Remote Engineering and Virtual Instrumentation (REV), IEEE, Bilbao, USA, pp. 1-6.
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Over the last decade remote laboratories have emerged as valuable educational resources, providing the potential for improved educational outcomes, student flexibility, richer laboratory experiences, and cross-institutional resource sharing. While there has been increasing attention given to the pedagogy that underpins the use of remote labs, the focus on the design of the lessons that take advantage of remote laboratories has been much more limited. In this paper it is argued that remote laboratories provide an exciting opportunity to provide system-supported adaptation. In particular, because the interactions with the equipment are now mediated through software, it becomes possible to monitor these interactions, as well as the state of the apparatus, and use this to provide guidance to the student. The paper discusses the opportunities that are created, the requirements this places on the design of remote laboratory systems, and preliminary work on implementing such a system that has highlighted potential challenges. © 2012 IEEE.

Lu, J 1970, 'DECISION SUPPORT AND WARNING SYSTEMS FOR BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE', UNCERTAINTY MODELING IN KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING AND DECISION MAKING, Egypt, pp. L5-L7.

Lu, LF, Huang, ML, Chen, YW, Liang, J & Nguyen, QV 1970, 'Clutter Reduction in Multi-dimensional Visualization of Incomplete Data Using Sugiyama Algorithm', 2012 16th International Conference on Information Visualisation, 2012 16th International Conference on Information Visualisation (IV), IEEE, Montpellier, France, pp. 93-99.
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Visualization of uncertainty in datasets is a new field of research, which aims to represent incomplete data for analysis in real scenarios. In many cases, datasets, especially multi-dimensional datasets, often contain either errors or uncertain values. To address this challenge, we may treat these uncertainties as scalar values like probability. For visual representation in parallel coordinates, we draw a small 'circle' to temporarily define a dummy vertex for an uncertain value of a data item, at the crossing point between polylines and the axis of certain dimension. Furthermore, these temporary positions of uncertainty could be permuted to achieve visual effectiveness. This feature provides a great opportunity by optimizing the order of uncertain values to tackle another important challenge in information visualization: clutter reduction. Visual clutter always obscures the visualizing structure even in small datasets. In this paper, we apply Sugiyama's layered directed graph drawing algorithm into parallel coordinates visualization to minimize the number of edge crossing among polylines, which has significantly improved the readability of visual structure. Experiments in case studies have shown the effectiveness of our new methods for clutter reduction in parallel coordinates visualization. These experiments also imply that besides visual clutter, the number of uncertain values and the type of multi-dimensional data are important attributes that affect visualization performance in this field. © 2012 IEEE.

Lu, P, Lu, J & Zhang, G 1970, 'Case-Base Maintenance for Concept Drift', WASET Issue 72: Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Systems, International Conference on Information Systems, WASET, Penang, Malaysia, pp. 333-340.
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As the evolving nature of a real data stream, so called concept drift, and its accumulating volume, any deployed Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) system will nead to have procedures for Case-Base Maintenance (CBM). Traditional CBM methods for handling concept drift cannot well distinguish between noise and true concept drift, some of them may even run under the risk of losing case-base competence. Motivated by these two problems, wc present a twostage CBM approach. We propose a Noise-Enhanced Fast Context Switch (NEFCS) algorithm, which targets to remove noise under dynamic environment as Stage 1. We also propose a Recursive Conservative Redundancy Removal (RCRR) algorithm, which removes redundant cases in a recursively unifonn way while keeping the case·base coveragc as Stage 2. Experimental evaluations on realworld datasels show that our approach significant improves the perfonnance compared with other CBM approaches.

Luo, X, Li, Y, Ren, XT & Wang, JJ 1970, 'Automatic road surface profiling with sensors fusion', 2012 12th International Conference on Control Automation Robotics & Vision (ICARCV), 2012 12th International Conference on Control Automation Robotics & Vision (ICARCV 2012), IEEE, Guangzhou, China, pp. 608-613.
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This paper addresses the issue of automatically profiling the road surface based on sensor fusion. Road surface profiling in this research paper includes road boundary detection, white line detection and lane division. We propose an approach to perform automatic and robust road surface profiling with the fusion of the following sensors: LADAR (Laser Detection and Ranging), GPS (Global Positioning System), INS (Inertial Navigation System), cameras and an odometer. The LADAR is the most important in our research since we propose a new technique that utilizes laser remission to detect white lines. A prototype system has also been developed for testing with the capability of converting profiling results into video files for easy reference and management. The system is able to work under severe weather and light condition, and profiling all lanes within road boundary at one run. Experimental results on a wide variety of roads have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed system. © 2012 IEEE.

Luo, Z, Hu, Z, Song, Y, Xu, Z, Liu, H, Jia, L & Lu, H 1970, 'Economic analyses of plug-in electric vehicle battery providing ancillary services', 2012 IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference, 2012 IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference (IEVC), IEEE, Greenville, SC, USA.
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This paper explores the potential financial return for using plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) as a grid resource. There are two methods for PEVs to provide ancillary services call interruptible load and vehicle to grid The contract market is introduced first, then the method to calculate the cost benefit of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) to provide ancillary services are proposed. Additionally, the expected profits and profits of providing the ancillary services when considering the uncertainties of driving behaviors are both calculated and compared. The calculation results indicate that profits of participating in frequency regulation are higher than that of reserve services. When penalty is neglected or the penalty coefficient is low, the revenue of regulation down services is relatively high. However, with the increasing of penalty factor, the profits decrease dramatically. When the penalty coefficient is sufficiently high, participating in regulation up services in V2G mode is most profitable. © 2012 IEEE.

Ma, Z, Hauptmann, AG, Yang, Y & Sebe, N 1970, 'Classifier-specific intermediate representation for multimedia tasks', Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval, ICMR '12: International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval, ACM, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Video annotation and multimedia classification play important roles in many applications such as video indexing and retrieval. To improve video annotation and event detection, researchers have proposed using intermediate concept classifiers with concept lexica to help understand the videos. Yet it is difficult to judge how many and what concepts would be sufficient for the particular video analysis task. Additionally, obtaining robust semantic concept classifiers requires a large number of positive training examples, which in turn has high human annotation cost. In this paper, we propose an approach that is able to automatically learn an intermediate representation from video features together with a classifier. The joint optimization of the two components makes them mutually beneficial and reciprocal. Effectively, the intermediate representation and the classifier are tightly correlated. The classifier dependent intermediate representation not only accurately reflects the task semantics but is also more suitable for the specific classifier. Thus we have created a discriminative semantic analysis framework based on a tightly-coupled intermediate representation. Several experiments on video annotation and multimedia event detection using real-world videos demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2012 ACM.

Ma, Z, Yang, Y, Cai, Y, Sebe, N & Hauptmann, AG 1970, 'Knowledge adaptation for ad hoc multimedia event detection with few exemplars', Proceedings of the 20th ACM international conference on Multimedia, MM '12: ACM Multimedia Conference, ACM, Nara, Japan, pp. 469-478.
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Multimedia event detection (MED) has a significant impact on many applications. Though video concept annotation has received much research effort, video event detection remains largely unaddressed. Current research mainly focuses on sports and news event detection or abnormality detection in surveillance videos. Our research on this topic is capable of detecting more complicated and generic events. Moreover, the curse of reality, i.e., precisely labeled multimedia content is scarce, necessitates the study on how to attain respectable detection performance using only limited positive examples. Research addressing these two aforementioned issues is still in its infancy. In light of this, we explore Ad Hoc MED, which aims to detect complicated and generic events by using few positive examples. To the best of our knowledge, our work makes the first attempt on this topic. As the information from these few positive examples is limited, we propose to infer knowledge from other multimedia resources to facilitate event detection. Experiments are performed on real-world multimedia archives consisting of several challenging events. The results show that our approach outperforms several other detection algorithms. Most notably, our algorithm outperforms SVM by 43% and 14% comparatively in Average Precision when using Gaussian and χ 2 kernel respectively. © 2012 ACM.

Maali, Y, Rafiei, A, Abolhasan, M, Franklin, D & Safaei, F 1970, 'A Fuzzy Logic Node Relocation Model in WSNs', 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SIGNAL PROCESSING AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS (ICSPCS'2012), International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems, IEEE, Gold Coast, Australia, pp. 1-6.
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Hostile and harsh environments may preclude the possibility of manual redeployment of new sensor nodes, especially in the areas suffering from widespread damage and unbalanced node deployments. Distributed local relocations of currently deployed nodes is one promising solution to this problem. By using expected global node density and force-based movement algorithms inspired by the laws of nature, it is possible to address the aforementioned challenge. Force-based movement algorithms steer nodes towards their new locations based on the aggregation of exerted virtual forces on the node from their neighborhood. Some implicit assumptions about nodes' global status such as expected global node density are not realistic in dynamic and harsh environments. Thus, to conform to the uncertain nature and local interactions of nodes, a combination of radial-angular force fuzzy movement algorithms is suggested. The performance of the proposed model in terms of percentage of coverage, uniformity and average movement under three different boundary conditions are evaluated and compared with distributed self-spreading algorithms (DSSA). The results show that the simple fuzzy movement algorithm either outperforms or matches DSSA even if nodes don't benefit from expected global node density as in DSSA. © 2012 IEEE.

Machet, T, Lowe, D & others 1970, 'Integrating real equipment into virtual worlds', 23rd Annual Conference of the Australasian Association for Engineering Education 2012: Profession of Engineering Education: Advancing Teaching, Research and Careers, The, Engineers Australia, pp. 195-195.

Mahler, D, Rozema, L, Darabi, A, Branczyk, AM, Combes, J, Ferrie, C, Blume-Kohout, R, James, DFV & Steinberg, A 1970, 'Experimental Demonstration of Adaptive Tomography and Self-Calibrating Tomography', Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2012, Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference, OSA.
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Mahler, DH, Rozema, LA, Darabi, A, Branczyk, AM, Combes, J, Ferrie, C, Blume-Kohout, R, James, DFV & Steinberg, AM 1970, 'Experimental demonstration of adaptive tomography and self-calibrating tomography', 2012 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2012, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO), IEEE, San Jose, CA.
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We experimentally demonstrate two new quantum tomography protocols, one of which provides a quadratic speedup using adaptation and the other of which enables tomography to be done even with uncalibrated measurement devices. © 2012 OSA.

Mahler, DH, Rozema, LA, Darabi, A, Combes, J, Ferrie, C, Blume-Kohout, R & Steinberg, AM 1970, 'Experimental Demonstration of Adaptive Tomography', Frontiers in Optics 2012/Laser Science XXVIII, Frontiers in Optics, OSA.
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We experimentally demonstrate using heralded single photons in a linear optics set-up a new form of quantum state tomography, which provides a quadratic speedup using a simple, one step, adaptation protocol involving only separable measurements. © 2011.

Mahmud, MA, Pota, HR & Hossain, MJ 1970, 'Nonlinear controller design for single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic systems using partial feedback linearization', 2012 2nd Australian Control Conference, AUCC 2012, 2nd Australian Control Conference (AUCC), IEEE, Sydney, AUSTRALIA, pp. 30-35.
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This paper deals with the design of a nonlinear controller for single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems to maintain the current injected into the grid in phase with grid voltage and to regulate the DC link voltage for achieving maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The controller is designed based on the partial feedback linearization which transforms the nonlinear system into a reduced order linear system and an autonomous system whose dynamics are known as internal dynamics of the system. This paper also deals with the stability of internal dynamics of PV systems which is a basic requirement to design partial feedback linearizing controller. The performance of the proposed controller is evaluated in terms of delivering maximum power and synchronization of grid current with voltage under changes in atmospheric conditions. © 2012 Institute of Engineers.

Mahmud, MA, Pota, HR & Hossain, MJ 1970, 'Robust zero dynamic excitation controller for power systems under structured uncertainty', 2012 2nd Australian Control Conference, AUCC 2012, 2nd Australian Control Conference (AUCC), IEEE, Sydney, AUSTRALIA, pp. 203-208.
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This paper presents a robust excitation controller design for power systems to improve the dynamic stability following large disturbances. The controller is designed based on the partial feedback linearization where some parts of power systems need to be linearized. The robustness of the proposed control scheme is ensured by considering uncertainties within power systems model. In this paper, the uncertainties in power systems model are considered as the structured uncertainties which need to satisfy the matching condition. The performance of the designed controller is evaluated on a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system under major disturbances. Simulation results show the robustness of the proposed excitation controller as compared to that of normal partial feedback linearizing controller by enhancing both the transient stability and voltage regulation under severe disturbances. © 2012 Institute of Engineers.

Mahmud, MA, Pota, HR & Hossain, MJ 1970, 'Zero dynamic excitation controller for multimachine power systems to augment transient stability and voltage regulation', 2012 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2012 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting. New Energy Horizons - Opportunities and Challenges, IEEE.
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This paper presents a new excitation controller design for multimachine power systems to augment transient stability and voltage regulation. To design the controller, zero dynamic design approach of feedback linearization is used which transforms the nonlinear power system model into a partially linear system, i.e., a reduced order linear system. Any linear controller design technique for reduced order linear system can be employed to enhance the stability of whole system provided that the internal dynamics of the systems are stable. In this paper, zero dynamic excitation control laws are derived for multimachine power systems whose performances are tested on 3 machine 11 bus two area system. Simulation results clearly indicate the performances of zero dynamic controller following large disturbances. © 2012 IEEE.

Mahmud, MMA, Pota, HR & Hossain, MJ 1970, 'Partial feedback linearizing controller design for a DSTATCOM to enhance voltage stability of distribution network with distributed generation', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Power System Technology (POWERCON), 2012 IEEE International Conference on Power System Technology (POWERCON 2012), IEEE, Auckland, NEW ZEALAND.
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Manabe, KI, Sato, H, Furushima, T, Wei, D, Mathew, N & Jiang, Z 1970, 'Deformation behavior in micro sheet hydroforming process', Steel Research International, pp. 651-654.
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A novel forming method, micro sheet hydroforming, is investigated to fabricating for complex stamping micro components. This process has several advantages of hydroforming such as, the reduction in required accuracy of stamping tools, the improvement of forming limit and shape accuracy. In this study, a micro hydromechanical deep drawing (MHDD) apparatus has been developed and the effects of counter pressure on deformation behavior of blank foils are investigated. MHDD experiments are designed as the blanking-drawing process and conducted at forced pressurization using phosphor bronze, stainless steel and pure titanium foils with a thickness of 0.05mm. As a result, the counter pressure is stably generated in the drawing process and the micro cups are fabricated successfully by MHDD. The occurrence of wrinkling can be prevented by applying a proper counter pressure in the MHDD process. Consequently, the forming limit, and the shape accuracy of drawn cups in MHDD are improved compared with that in the conventional micro deep drawing. © 2012 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Marjanovic, O 1970, 'Improving Healthcare Processes through Small-Scale Innovations.', HICSS, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 4346-4355.
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Business Process (BP) Improvement remains one of the core activities of Business Process Management (BPM) today. It is often expected to result in cost reductions and process efficiency, typically achieved through automation. Research described in this paper focuses on ongoing improvement of healthcare BPs involving knowledge work. Through an exploratory case study, conducted in a real life organization named "SuperClinic", this research challenges the underlying assumptions behind process improvement, showing that in the explored case, their "to-be" customer-facing knowledge-intensive processes were made slower and more expensive, yet considered and confirmed to be significantly improved. As these knowledge-centered BP improvement initiatives were implemented though small-scale innovations, by process participants (knowledge workers) themselves this research critically analyses the role of process analysts in this context and offers new opportunities for BPM-related research. © 2012 IEEE.

Marjanovic, O 1970, 'Using the Revised Bloom's Taxonomy to Scaffold Student Learning in Business Intelligence/Business Analytics.', ECIS, pp. 80-80.
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The paper aims to make theoretical and practical contributions to the field of Business Intelligence/Business Analytics (BI) education, by addressing the following practice-inspired, teaching-related research question: "How to design learning activities to "scaffold" student learning in Business Intelligence (Business Analytics) towards more advanced cognitive and knowledge dimensions, and along the way help students to further develop their meta-cognitive skills of learning how to learn? The paper adopts the Revised Bloom's taxonomy as a theoretical framework and demonstrates its use in design and implementation of BI-related learning activities at different levels of cognitive and knowledge dimensions. The paper also offers some research contributions related to the framework itself, in particular perceived correlation of different levels of cognitive process and knowledge dimensions, not captured by the Revised taxonomy.

Marjanovic, O & vom Brocke, J 1970, 'Introduction to Business Process Management Minitrack', 2012 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2012 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), IEEE, p. 4286.
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Matekovits, L, Thalakotuna, DNP, Heimlich, M & Esselle, KP 1970, 'Investigation on FET switch integration techniques for a tunable microwave periodic structure', 2012 IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT), 2012 IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology 'Small Antennas and Unconventional Applications' (iWAT), IEEE, pp. 44-47.
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A recently proposed tunable microwave periodic structure requires many switches to dynamically change its microwave propagation and radiation characteristics. The performance of a discrete Field Effect Transistor (FET) switch package, suitable for the structure, is investigated in two potential configurations. In one configuration, the switch is co-planar with the ground plane and in the other it is on a different surface. Measurements made on two test boards confirm that when the switches are turned "on" the switch insertion losses are not significantly different between the two configurations. However when the switches are turned "off", locating the switches on the ground plane provide better isolation between RF ports. © 2012 IEEE.

Mathaba, T, Xia, X & Zhang, J 1970, 'Optimal scheduling of conveyor belt systems under Critical Peak Pricing', 2012 10th International Power & Energy Conference (IPEC), 2012 10th International Power & Energy Conference (IPEC), IEEE, Ho Chi Minh City, VIETNAM, pp. 315-320.
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Mathaba, T, Xia, X & Zhang, J 1970, 'Short-term wind power prediction using Least-Square Support Vector Machines', IEEE Power and Energy Society Conference and Exposition in Africa: Intelligent Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Resources (PowerAfrica), 2012 IEEE Power & Energy Society Conference and Exposition in Africa: Intelligent Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Resources (PowerAfrica 2012), IEEE, Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA.
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Mazzolini, A, Daniel, S & Mann, L 1970, 'A comparison of on-line and’in-class’ student feedback surveys: Some unexpected results', 23rd Annual Conference of the Australasian Association for Engineering Education 2012: Profession of Engineering Education: Advancing Teaching, Research and Careers, The, Engineers Australia, pp. 644-644.

Mazzolini, A, Mann, L & Daniel, S 1970, 'Overcoming Academic Misconceptions about the Learning and Teaching of Physics', World Conference on Physics Education 2012, pp. 37-37.

McAllister, R, Peynot, T, Fitch, R, Sukkarieh, S, IEEE & Japan, RSO 1970, 'Motion Planning and Stochastic Control with Experimental Validation on a Planetary Rover', 2012 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS (IROS), IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IEEE, Vilamoura, Portugal, pp. 4716-4723.
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Motion planning for planetary rovers must consider control uncertainty in order to maintain the safety of the platform during navigation. Modelling such control uncertainty is difficult due to the complex interaction between the platform and its environment. In this paper, we propose a motion planning approach whereby the outcome of control actions is learned from experience and represented statistically using a Gaussian process regression model. This model is used to construct a control policy for navigation to a goal region in a terrain map built using an on-board RGB-D camera. The terrain includes flat ground, small rocks, and non-traversable rocks. We report the results of 200 simulated and 35 experimental trials that validate the approach and demonstrate the value of considering control uncertainty in maintaining platform safety. © 2012 IEEE.

McDonald, C, McPherson, M, McDougall, C & McGloin, D 1970, 'HoloHands: games console interface for controlling holographic optical manipulation', SPIE Proceedings, SPIE NanoScience + Engineering, SPIE, San Diego, CA.
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McDougall, C, Henderson, R, Carnegie, DJ, Sokolovskii, GS, Rafailov, EU & McGloin, D 1970, 'Flexible particle manipulation techniques with conical refraction-based optical tweezers', SPIE Proceedings, SPIE NanoScience + Engineering, SPIE, San Diego, CA.
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McEwan, M, Johnson, D, Wyeth, P & Blackler, A 1970, 'Videogame control device impact on the play experience', Proceedings of The 8th Australasian Conference on Interactive Entertainment: Playing the System, IE '12: The 8th Australasian Conference on Interactive Entertainment, ACM.
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McGregor, C, Catley, C & James, A 1970, 'Variability analysis with analytics applied to physiological data streams from the neonatal intensive care unit', 2012 25th IEEE International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS), 2012 25th IEEE International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS), IEEE.
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Late onset neonatal sepsis (LONS) is one clinical condition that shows promise for earlier onset detection through the analysis of physiological signals. However, current work on Heart Rate Variability (HRV) analysis does not discuss the impact of narcotics and other drugs on early identification of sepsis. We present results of a pilot retrospective data mining study of neonatal intensive care unit patients using a dataset of 30 second spot readings. We derive analytics by creating temporal abstractions of hourly summaries for HRV and respiratory rate variability (RRV). Using representative patient examples, we illustrate an analytics user interface design that shows 1) the potential in using our HRV analytics for early identification of LONS with 30 second spot readings; and 2) that based on initial pilot results, reporting analytics for HRV and RRV concurrently adds value to HRV analysis by distinguishing between patients with low HRV due to imminent sepsis and those patients with low HRV due to the presence of confounding factors such as surgery and narcotics. © 2012 IEEE.

McGregor, C, Steadman, A, Percival, J & James, A 1970, 'A Method for Modeling Health Informatics Capacity in Patient Journeys Supported by Interprofessional Teams', 2012 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2012 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), IEEE, pp. 2790-2799.
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Neonatal intensive care is one of the most complex areas of healthcare; as a result, information flow within this unit must be as efficient as possible. This paper presents initial research findings based on the use of the patient journey modeling technique known as PaJMa to audit the current state of health informatics within NICUs in Canada and internationally. In this paper, a case study from an Ontario NICU is utilized and their "Investigations" process is modeled using PaJMa. © 2012 IEEE.

McMahon, N, Wyeth, P & Johnson, D 1970, 'Personality and player types in Fallout New Vegas', Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Fun and Games, Fun and Games '12: International Conference on Fun and Games, ACM.
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Mearns, H, Leaney, J, Parakhine, A, Debenham, J & Verchere, D 1970, 'CARMA: Complete Autonomous Responsible Management Agents for Telecommunications and Inter-cloud Services', 2012 IEEE NETWORK OPERATIONS AND MANAGEMENT SYMPOSIUM (NOMS), IEEE Network Operations and Management Symposium, IEEE, Maui, USA, pp. 1089-1095.
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The continuing rise in telecommunication and cloud services usage is matched by an increased complexity in maintaining adequate performance management. To combat this complexity, researchers and telecommunication companies are exploring a variety of management strategies to leverage their individual infrastructures to provide better performance and increased utilisation. We extend these strategies by addressing the complexities that arise through the interaction of multiple telecommunication and cloud providers when providing a modern complex service. Our overall aim is for the management to accept responsibility for the complex service in an open marketplace. Responsibility is, firstly, defined by aiming to cover the totality of modern complex services, managing both the connectivity and virtual infrastructure. Secondly, responsibility is defined as managing risk and resilience in the provisioning and operation of the complex service. With these aims, we are working towards a bundled service provider agent architecture, which can negotiate on the open service market. This approach aims to also optimise the utilisation of the providers infrastructure while reducing the risk of failure to users through total service management. We present the specification, design and simulation of the Complete Autonomous Responsible Management Agents (CARMA) in a marketplace environment. © 2012 IEEE.

Memon, T, Lu, J & Hussain, FK 1970, 'Semantic De-biased Associations (SDA) Model to Improve Ill-Structured Decision Support', NEURAL INFORMATION PROCESSING, ICONIP 2012, PT II, International Conference on Neural Information Processing, Springer Verlag, Doha, Qatar, pp. 483-490.
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Meng, Q & Kennedy, PJ 1970, 'Determining the Number of Clusters in Co-authorship Networks Using Social Network Theory', 2012 Second International Conference on Cloud and Green Computing, 2012 International Conference on Cloud and Green Computing (CGC), IEEE, Xiangtan, Hunan, China, pp. 337-343.
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Spectral clustering is a modern data clustering methodology with many notable advantages. However, this method has a weakness in that it requires researchers to specify a priori the number of clusters. In most cases, it is a challenge to know the number of clusters accurately. Here, we propose a novel way to solve this problem by involving the concept of group leaders and members from social network theory. From the perspective of social networks, groups are organized by leaders and this can provide a hint to finding the number of clusters in social networks by identifying group leaders. However, due to the fact that a group can have more than one leader, we also propose an algorithm to combine leaders from the same group. The number of leaders after the combination is expected to be the number of clusters in a network. We validate this proposed approach by using spectral clustering to cluster data comprising the co-authorship network from the University of Technology, Sydney (UTS). The experimental results show that our proposed method is effective in determining the number of cluster and can facilitate spectral clustering to achieve better clusters compared with other methods of calculating the number of clusters

Meng, Q & Kennedy, PJ 1970, 'Using network evolution theory and singular value decomposition method to improve accuracy of link prediction in social networks', Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series, Australian Data Mining Conference, Australian Computer Society, Sydney, pp. 175-181.
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Link prediction in large networks, especially social networks, has received significant recent attention. Although there are many papers contributing methods for link prediction, the accuracy of most predictors is generally low as they treat all nodes equally. We propose an effective approach to identifying the level of activities of nodes in networks by observing their behaviour during network evolution. It is clear that nodes that have been active previously contribute more to the changes in a network than stable nodes, which have low activity. We apply truncated singular value decomposition (SVD) to exclude the interference of stable nodes by treating them as noise in our dataset. Finally, in order to test the effectiveness of our proposed method, we use co-authorship networks from an Australian university from between 2006 and 2011 as an experimental dataset. The results show that our proposed method achieves higher accuracy in link prediction than previous methods, especially in predicting new links.

Merigo, JM 1970, 'Decision making in complex environments with generalized aggregation operators', 2012 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence for Financial Engineering & Economics (CIFEr), 2012 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence for Financial Engineering & Economics (CIFEr), IEEE, New York, NY, pp. 113-119.
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MERIGÓ, JM 1970, 'DECISION MAKING IN COMPLEX ENVIRONMENTS WITH UNCERTAIN GENERALIZED UNIFIED AGGREGATION OPERATORS', UNCERTAINTY MODELING IN KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING AND DECISION MAKING, 10th International Conference on Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Technologies in Nuclear Science (FLINS), WORLD SCIENTIFIC, Istanbul, TURKEY, pp. 357-862.
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Merigó, JM 1970, 'Measuring Errors with the OWA Operator', MODELING AND SIMULATION IN ENGINEERING, ECONOMICS, AND MANAGEMENT, MS 2012, International Conference of Modeling and Simulation in Engineering, Economics, and Management, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, New Rochelle, NY, pp. 24-33.
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Merigo, JM & Casanovas, M 1970, 'Linguistic decision making with probabilistic information and induced aggregation operators', 2012 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence for Financial Engineering & Economics (CIFEr), 2012 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence for Financial Engineering & Economics (CIFEr), IEEE, New York, NY, pp. 25-31.
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Merigó, JM & Gil-Lafuente, AM 1970, 'Complex Group Decision Making under Risk and Uncertainty', Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 81-93.
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We develop a new method for group decision making under risk and uncertain environments. We introduce the uncertain induced generalized probabilistic ordered weighted averaging weighted average (UIGPOWAWA) operator. It is an aggregation operator that unifies the probabilistic aggregation, the weighted average and the ordered weighted average in the same formulation and considering the degree of importance that each concept has in the analysis. It also deals with uncertain environments where the information is imprecise and can be assessed with interval numbers. Moreover, it deals with complex attitudinal characters represented with order inducing variables and generalizes the aggregation with generalized means. We study some of its main properties and develop an application in a group decision making problem concerning the selection of the optimal strategies. © 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

MERIGÓ, JM & XU, Y 1970, 'INDUCED AND HEAVY AGGREGATION OPERATORS', UNCERTAINTY MODELING IN KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING AND DECISION MAKING, 10th International Conference on Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Technologies in Nuclear Science (FLINS), WORLD SCIENTIFIC, Istanbul, TURKEY, pp. 812-817.
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Mihaita, A-S & Mocanu, S 1970, 'Un nouveau modéle de l'énergie de commande des systèmes stochastiques à commutation', https://controls.papercept.net/conferences/conferences/CIFA12/program/CIFA12_ContentListWeb_1.html#wepm4t9_02, Septième Conférence Internationale Francophone d'Automatique (CIFA 2012), Grenoble, France.
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Cet article présente une méthode de calcul analytique pour les temps moyennes et les probabilités de sortie de la zone de contrôle appliquée sur une classe de systèmes stochastiques à commutation, nécessaire pour construire le modèle énergétique. Le modèle utilisé est un intégrateur à commutation avec des états multiples qui est caractérisé par une chaîne de Markov en temps continu. Pour limiter l’évolution aléatoire de la variable d’état, une zone de contrôle a été considérée. Un critère quadratique pour minimiser l’énergie consommée quand on applique le contrôle basé sur les événements est utilisé pour lequel nous calculons les temps de sortie et les probabilités de sortir de la zone de contrôle. La validation des temps de sortie et des probabilités par des résultats numériques est présentée à la fin de cet article.

Mir, S, Hawryszkiewyc, I, Banker, D & Chen, J 1970, 'Disasters as wicked problem: An analytical approach', Proceedings of the IADIS International Conference Information Systems 2012, IS 2012, IADIS International Conference on Information Systems, IADIS Press, Berlin, Germany, pp. 337-340.
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This paper seeks to understand the nature of disasters as wicked problems. Although it is not possible to manage 'wickedness' by being more systematic, but it would be possible by increasing awareness of the situation and making social planning processes[6]. To achieve this goal, this paper proposes an analytical approach based on complex system perspectives for studying causal collaborative involvements of organizations. Design/Methodology/Approach- An interpretative study was undertaken through content analysis of the situation reports of Hurricane Katrina to examine collaborative activities in response to unpredictable situation. This analysis is conducted within theoretical framework of complexity theory. Findings- Define empirical ways to investigate varied requirements for emerging events. Through this analysis, it is demonstrated how intervention analysis can help managers analyze situations based making a shared understanding of the problem to foster a joint commitment to possible ways of resolving it. Originality/value- This work is based on causal analysis, by applying complexity theory to collaborative systems in complex situations like disaster management, where the findings are based on case study and not mathematical and computational models.

Mir, S, Hawryszkiewycz, I & Zowghi, D 1970, 'A method to explore wicked problems in complex environments: A research proposal', Innovation Vision 2020: Sustainable growth, Entrepreneurship, and Economic Development - Proceedings of the 19th International Business Information Management Association Conference, International Business Information Management, International Business Information Management Association (IBIMA), Barcelona, Spain, pp. 1958-1962.
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This research, proposes a method to investigate wicked problems occurring in open, heterogeneous and evolving complex socio-technical ecosystems. Investigating the behaviour of these environments and predicting the consequences of proposed solutions remain challenging. The proposed method addresses complexity causes based on interdependencies of multiple types of elements in the system. The issues can be investigated through behavioural and functional change analysis by any individuals, activities, interactions and interventions involved in the system. The context of problem space is described as a network of actors involved in the system. This research extends actors to roles, activities, artefacts, groups or organizations. The new aspect of this approach is its flexibility to investigate multiplicity and diversity of perspectives in complex environments and its ideal potential to involve human elements. This method has the ability to integrate qualitative social elements with quantitative technical issues in complex socio technical environments. Agent based simulation, facilitate this approach.

Mir, S, Hawryszkiewycz, I & Zowghi, D 1970, 'Toward a methodology for managing complexity in information systems development projects', Innovation Vision 2020: Sustainable growth, Entrepreneurship, and Economic Development - Proceedings of the 19th International Business Information Management Association Conference, International Business Information Management, International Business Information Management Association (IBIMA), Barcelona, Spain, pp. 1945-1950.
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This research is motivated by the need to develop systematic approach to effectively manage complexity in information systems development processes which is still an open and critical issue as environment become increasingly complex. Managing complexity is critical because there is a need to continually develop new ideas in design changes. For this reason, a conceptual method with an emphasis on supporting the decision-making process is developed. This method uses ideas from system thinking and management to study complexity issues in information systems development processes. To support decision makers, this research develops guidelines in order to deal with systems complexity using the living systems theory. Living systems theory is used as diagnostic tool to find important elements that need more attention and to investigate different kinds of uncertainty and conflicts that exist during decision making.

Mir, S, Hawryszkiewycz, IT & Zowghi, D 1970, 'A Method to Explore Wicked Problems in Complex Environments: A Research Proposal', Innovation Vision 2020: Sustainable growth, Entrepreneurship, and Economic Development, International Business Information Management, International Business Information Management Association (IBIMA), Barcelona, Spain, pp. 1951-1955.
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This research, proposes a method to investigate wicked problems occurring in open, heterogeneous and evolving complex socio-technical ecosystems. Investigating the behaviour of these environments and predicting the consequences of proposed solutions remain challenging. The proposed method addresses complexity causes based on interdependencies of multiple types of elements in the system. The issues can be investigated through behavioural and functional change analysis by any individuals, activities, interactions and interventions involved in the system. The context of problem space is described as a network of actors involved in the system. This research extends actors to roles, activities, artefacts, groups or organizations. The new aspect of this approach is its flexibility to investigate multiplicity and diversity of perspectives in complex environments and its ideal potential to involve human elements. This method has the ability to integrate qualitative social elements with quantitative technical issues in complex socio technical environments. Agent based simulation, facilitate this approach.

Mirlatifi, S & Fatahi, B 1970, 'Numerical Analysis of Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil Wall as Bridge Abutment', Proceedings of the 11th Australia - New Zealand Conference on Geomechanics - Ground Engineering in a Changing World (ANZ 2012), Australia New Zealand Conference on Geomechanics, Geomechanical Society and New Zealand Geotechnical Society, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1383-1388.
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This paper presents the finite element analysis of a geosynthetic reinforced soil wall as a bridge abutment built in Tehran, and the predictions are compared with the available field measurements. This abutment is analysed using both Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM) for stability analysis and Finite Element Method (FEM) for deformation analysis. Two dimensional plane strain finite element model is adopted for the simulation. Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) geogrid with high tensile moduli and low creep characteristics has been adopted in this project to limit the deformation of the bridge abutment. In this model, the backfill soil and geogrids simulated adopting Mohr-Coulomb model, and the elasto-plastic material model that only works in tension, respectively. Bridge abutments can be stabilised by including geosynthetic layers with high tensile moduli satisfying both stability and deformation criteria reducing the construction cost and time, post construction deformations, and future maintenance cost.

Miro, JV, Poon, J, Huang, S & IEEE 1970, 'Low-cost Visual Tracking with an Intelligent Wheelchair for Innovative Assistive Care', 2012 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL, AUTOMATION, ROBOTICS & VISION (ICARCV), International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision, IEEE, Guangzhou, China, pp. 1540-1545.
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This paper presents the development of a low-cost vision-based robotic wheelchair system towards autonomous convoying. The non-holonomic follower vehicle obtains visual real-time pose data of a known coplanar target installed on the back of the leading vehicle. This allows the tracking vehicle to mimic the path of the preceding vehicle, while maintaining a safe distance behind it with the aid of a controller based on the robot's kinematics constraints. A back-end visual filter is proposed in the planning strategy to overcome the noisy environmental information acquired from the camera as it tracks the vehicle in front. The effectiveness of the approach is evaluated in an indoor setting using data obtained from an instrumented wheelchair platform and a low-cost camera, and validated with observations from a laser range finder and derived (known) maps of the environment. © 2012 IEEE.

Mistry, NS, Power, R, Anand, S, McGloin, D, Almohamedi, A, Downie, M, Reid, JP & Hudson, AJ 1970, 'Analysis of optical trap mediated aerosol coalescence', SPIE Proceedings, SPIE NanoScience + Engineering, SPIE, San Diego, CA.
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Moemeng, C, Wang, C & Cao, L 1970, 'Obtaining an Optimal MAS Configuration for Agent-Enhanced Mining Using Constraint Optimization', Lecture Notes in Computer Science, International Workshop on Agents and Data Mining Interaction, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 46-57.
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We investigate an interaction mechanism between agents and data mining, and focus on agent-enhanced mining. Existing data mining tools use workflow to capture user requirements. The workflow enactment can be improved with a suitable underlying execution layer, which is a Multi-Agent System (MAS). From this perspective, we propose a strategy to obtain an optimal MAS configuration from a given workflow when resource access restrictions and communication cost constraints are concerned, which is essentially a constraint optimization problem. In this paper, we show how workflow is modeled in the way that can be optimized, and how the optimized model is used to obtain an optimal MAS configuration. Finally, we demonstrate that our strategy can improve the load balancing and reduce the communication cost during the workflow enactment.

Moshiri, F, Garven, C, Gerber, C, Valipour, HR, Shrestha, J & Crews, K 1970, 'An investigation on TCC joints using expanded polystyrene light-weight concrete', World Conference on Timber Engineering 2012, WCTE 2012, Curran association, Auckland, New Zealand, pp. 130-135.
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Interest in timber-concrete composite (TCC) floors has increased over the last 30 years. TCC technology relies on timber and concrete members acting compositely together. There are only few researches about the effect of concrete on the structural behaviour of TCCs. For example, the application of light weight concrete (LWC) provides an interesting alternative to minimize the dead load on the timber component. However, LWC exhibits lower strength properties and higher shrinkage compared to conventional concrete. The experimental aspect of the research consists of push-out tests and aims to characterise stiffness, load capacity and failure mode of TCC joints with LWC. The test results are compared to that of TCC joints with conventional concrete (reference) and that found in the literature. This research suggests that there is strong potential for moderate LWC (ρ > 2000 kg/m3) in TCC with limited effect on the structural performance of the TCC element. Whilst the low compressive strength of lighter LWC (ρ < 2000 kg/m3) may have limited applications.

Mousavi, P, Marjanovic, O & Hallikainen, P 1970, 'Disaster Recovery - The Process Management Perspective.', PACIS, pp. 67-67.
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Process management is becoming increasingly important for managing commercial, governmental as well as non-profit (NGOs) organisations. Process management approaches depend on the process characteristics and requirements, typically determined by the organisational context, both internal and external. Managing processes crossing the NGOs, Government and business agencies brings upon brand new challenges. Our research focuses on disaster recovery, as a prime example of such a complex cross-organisational environment. Even though every disaster is unique, when considered from the process perspective, disaster recovery could be seen as a set of operational processes - some of which are highly structured and predefined, while the others are highly emergent, ad-hoc processes that need to be designed in-situ and managed as they evolve. Through an in-depth review of the relevant literature published by the Business Process Management (BPM) and disaster recovery (DR) research communities this paper reports on the existing research on the process management perspective of disaster recovery. The literature was analysed through a theoretical lens combining two existing frameworks previously developed for a formal organisational context. Our research provides insights into the main characteristics of the operational processes and suggests that their management should consider the so-called "Integration Model" and "Collaboration model" as the most suitable.

Movassaghi, S, Abolhasan, M, Lipman, J & IEEE 1970, 'Energy Efficient Thermal and Power Aware (ETPA) Routing in Body Area Networks', 2012 IEEE 23RD INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PERSONAL INDOOR AND MOBILE RADIO COMMUNICATIONS (PIMRC), IEEE International Symposium on Personal and Indoor Mobile Radio Conference, IEEE, Sydney, pp. 1108-1113.
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Research on routing in a network of intelligent, lightweight, micro and nano-technology sensors deployed in or around the body, namely Body Area Network (BAN), has gained great interest in the recent years. In this paper, we present an energy efficient, thermal and power aware routing algorithm for BANs named Energy Efficient Thermal and Power Aware routing (ETPA). ETPA considers a node's temperature, energy level and received power from adjacent nodes in the cost function calculation. An optimization problem is also defined in order to minimize average temperature rise in the network. Our analysis demonstrates that ETPA can significantly decrease temperature rise and power consumption as well as providing a more efficient usage of the available resources compared to the most efficient routing protocol proposed so far in BANs, namely PRPLC. Also, ETPA has a considerably higher depletion time that guarantees a longer lasting communication among nodes. © 2012 IEEE.

Movassaghi, S, Arab, P & Abolhasan, M 1970, 'Wireless technologies for Body Area Networks: Characteristics and challenges', 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Queensland, Australia, pp. 42-47.
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Body Area Networks (BANs) are an exciting new networking technology expected to cause a dramatic shift on the way people think and manage their health and the way they benefit from information technology and advancements in a wide range of medical and non-medical applications. Since BANs are in the early stages of their development, a number of fundamental features and challenges need to be investigated to overcome the stringent requirements tied with this technology. Also the choice of an appropriate wireless technology is required to enable BAN systems to communicate physiological data. This paper provides an overview of existing wireless technologies applicable to BANs. The specific features of each wireless technology is described along with their major advantages, drawbacks and most appropriate application in BANs. Comparison of the described technologies are provided from different aspects of frequency range, data rate, coverage area, modulation technique and network topology.

Mudugamuwa, DJ, He, X & Jia, W 1970, 'Battle-Lemarie wavelet pyramid for improved GSM image denoising', Proceedings - International Conference on Pattern Recognition, International Conference on Pattern Recognition, IEEE, Tsukuba, Japan, pp. 3156-3159.
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Removing noise from a digital image is a challenging problem. Application of Gaussian Scale Mixtures (GSM) in the wavelet domain has been reported to be one of the most effective denoising algorithms, published to date. The performance of this algorithm depends on the chosen wavelet representation. In this paper, we introduce an improved wavelet pyramid representation based on the Battle-Lemarie wavelet which favors the GSM denoising performance. We present the experimental denoising results using the proposed pyramid representation, and they outperform state-of-the-art GSM denoising results reported in the literature. © 2012 ICPR Org Committee.

Mudugamuwa, DJ, He, X & Jia, W 1970, 'Efficient Super-Resolution by Finer Sub-Pixel Motion Prediction and Bilateral Filtering', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME), IEEE, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 800-805.
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Super-resolution reconstruction produces high-resolution images from a set of low-resolution images of the same scene. In the last two and a half decades, many super-resolution algorithms have been proposed. These algorithms are very sensitive to their assumed models of motion and noise, and computationally expensive for many practical applications. In this paper we adopt earlier reported fast prediction based sub-pixel motion estimation and a novel interpolation scheme based on the bilateral filter to produce a fast color super-resolution reconstruction that can accommodate arbitrary local motion patterns. The proposed algorithm exploits photometric proximity and available finer fractional motion information in the high resolution grid, to reconstruct enhanced super-resolved image frames. Experiments show a PSNR performance comparable to the state-of-the-art but at a fraction of their computational cost. © 2012 IEEE.

Mueller, F, Toprak, C, Graether, E, Walmink, W, Bongers, B & van den Hoven, E 1970, 'Hanging off a bar', CHI '12 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI '12: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM, Austin, TX, USA, pp. 1055-1058.
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Exertion Games involve physical effort and as a result can facilitate physical health benefits. We present Hanging off a Bar, an action hero-inspired Exertion Game in which players hang off an exercise bar over a virtual river for as long as possible. Initial observations from three events with audiences ranging from the general public to expert game designers suggest that Hanging off a Bar can be engaging for players and facilitate intense exertion within seconds. Furthermore, we collected suggestions for what game elements players believe could entice them to increase their physical effort investment. These suggestions, combined with Hanging off a Bar as research vehicle due to the easy measurement of exertion through hanging time, enable future explorations into the relationship between digital game elements and physical exertion, guiding designers on how to support exertion in digital games.

Muhammad, KS & Dylan Dah-Chuan Lu 1970, 'Two-switch ZCS totem-pole bridgeless PFC boost rectifier', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon), 2012 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon), IEEE, Malaysia, pp. 1-6.
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In this paper, a new two-switch zero current switching (ZCS) bridgeless boost rectifier with high power factor (PF) is proposed. The proposed bridgeless converter is based on a totem-pole configuration which allows the current to flow from high side to low side and vice versa during resonance. Hence, no auxiliary switch is needed to provide soft switching for all semiconductor devices. An average current mode controlled is employed to provide high PF and smooth input current waveform. A detailed analysis of the converter operations and controls are presented. © 2012 IEEE.

Mujkanovic, A, Lowe, D, Willey, K & Guetl, C 1970, 'Unsupervised learning algorithm for adaptive group formation: Collaborative learning support in remotely accessible laboratories', International Conference on Information Society, i-Society 2012, International Conference on Information Society (I-Society), IEEE, London, United Kingdom, pp. 50-57.
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Skills and knowledge that can be gained by groups of individuals will be affected by the characteristics of those groups. Systematic formation of the groups could therefore potentially lead to significantly improved learning outcomes. This research explores a framework for group formation that continuously adapts rules used for the grouping process in order to optimize the selected performance criteria of the group. We demonstrate an implementation of this approach within the context of groups of students undertaking remote laboratory experiments. The implementation uses multiple linear regression analysis to adaptively update the rules used for creating the groups. In order to address specific learning outcomes, certain behaviors of the group might be desired to achieve this learning outcome. We can show that by using a set of individual/group characteristics and group behavior we can dynamically create rules and hence optimize the selected performance criteria. The selected performance is in reality the group behaviour, which might lead to improved learning outcomes. © 2012 Infonomics Society.

Mujtaba, M, Nanda, P & He, X 1970, 'Border Gateway Protocol Anomaly Detection Using Failure Quality Control Method', 2012 IEEE 11th International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications, 2012 IEEE 11th International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom), IEEE, Liverpool, UK, pp. 1239-1244.
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Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the de-facto inter-domain routing protocol used across thousands of Autonomous Systems (AS) joined together in the Internet. Security has been a major issue for BGP. Nevertheless, BGP suffers from serious threats even today, like Denial of Service (DoS) attack and misconfiguration of routing information. BGP is one of the complex routing protocols and hard to configure against malicious attacks. However, it is important to detect such malicious activities in a network, which could otherwise cause problems for availability of services in the Internet. In this paper we use the Failure Quality Control (FQC), a technique to detect anomaly packets in the network for real time intrusion detection. © 2012 IEEE.

Mukunthan, A, Cooper, C, Safaei, F, Franklin, D, Abolhasan, M & IEEE 1970, 'Studying the Impact of the CORNER Propagation Model on VANET Routing in Urban Environments', 2012 IEEE VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (VTC FALL), IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, IEEE, Québec City, QC, Canada, pp. 1-5.
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Murphy, L, Fitzgerald, S, Lister, R & McCauley, R 1970, 'Ability to 'explain in plain english' linked to proficiency in computer-based programming', Proceedings of the ninth annual international conference on International computing education research, ICER '12: International Computing Education Research Conference, ACM, Auckland, New Zealand, pp. 111-118.
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Abstract: This study investigates the relationship between novice programmers' ability to explain code segments and their ability to write code. Results show a strong correlation between ability to correctly answer 'explain in plain English' (EiPE) questions and ability to write code indicating that there are aspects of reasoning about code that are common to both writing code and explaining code. Student explanations were categorized using the Structure of the Observed Learning Outcome (SOLO) taxonomy. The better programmers were more likely to articulate relational aspects of the algorithms. While earlier work also found such a link, the code writing in those earlier studies was done on paper. This is the first such result where the writing component was done with 'hands on' a computer. Our results add further evidence for the existence of an aspect of reasoning about code that is common to both explaining code and writing code, which in turn suggests that a judicious mix of teaching both code skills and code explaining skills may lead to a more effective process by which novices learn to reason about code.

Musial, K & Sastry, N 1970, 'Social media', Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Workshop on Simplifying Complex Networks for Practitioners, SIMPLEX '12: Simplifying Complex Networks for Practitioners, ACM, pp. 1-6.
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On many social media and user-generated content sites, users can not only upload content but also create links with other users to follow their activities. It is interesting to ask whether the resulting user-user Followers' Network is based more on social ties, or shared interests in similar content. This paper reports our preliminary progress in answering this question using around five years of data from social video-sharing site vimeo. Many links in the Followers' Network are between users who do not have any videos in common, which would imply the network is not interest-based, but rather has a social character. However, the Followers' Network also exhibits properties unlike other social networks, for instance, clustering co-efficient is low, links are frequently not reciprocated, and users form links across vast geographical distances. In addition, analysis of the relationship strength, calculated as the number of commonly liked videos, people who follow each other and share some "likes" have more video likes in common than the general population. We conclude by speculating on the reasons for these differences and proposals for further work. © 2012 ACM.

Nabavi, F, Nejadi, S & Samali, B 1970, 'Investigation on the mathematical models of chloride diffusion coefficient in concrete exposed to marine environment', From Materials to Structures: Advancement Through Innovation - Proceedings of the 22nd Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, ACMSM 2012, Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, CRC Press, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA, pp. 1153-1158.
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Degradation of reinforced concrete (RC) in maritime structures has become aworldwide problem due to its excessive costs of maintenance, repair, and replacement in addition to its environmental impacts and safety issues. Degradation of both concrete and steel which is the main reason of reduction in the service life of RC structures strongly depends on the diffusion process of moisture and aggressive species. In this paper, the major and popular mathematical models of diffusion process in concrete are surveyed and investigated. Predominantly in these models, the coefficient of chloride diffusion into the concrete is assumed to be constant. Whereas, experimental records indicate that diffusion coefficient is a function of time. Subsequently, data analysis and comparisons between the existing analytical models for predicting the diffusion coefficient with the existing experimental database are carried out in this study. Clearly, these comparisons reveal that there are gaps between the existing mathematical models and previously recorded experimental results. Perhaps, these gaps may be interpreted as influence of the other affecting parameters on the diffusion coefficient such as temperature, aggregate size and relative humidity in addition to the water cement ratio. Accordingly, the existing mathematical models are not adequate enough to predict the diffusion coefficient precisely and further studies need to be performed. At the present, an extensive experimental and analytical research in this regard is being conducted in the CBIR group, University of Technology Sydney. © 2013 Taylor & Francis Group.

Naderpour, M & Lu, J 1970, 'SUPPORTING SITUATION AWARENESS USING NEURAL NETWORK AND EXPERT SYSTEM', UNCERTAINTY MODELING IN KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING AND DECISION MAKING, International Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent technologies in Nuclear Science Conference, World Scientific, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 993-998.
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Situation awareness (SA) is a critical factor for human decision making and performance in dynamic environments. Actually SA is a mental model of the current state of the environment and includes many types of complex systems such as safety supervisory systems. The current paper employs two focus areas including neural network and expert system for maintaining SA in a safety supervisory system. The neural network components provide adaptive mechanisms for perception, and the expert system offers the ability to support comprehension and projection.

Naderpour, M, Lu, J & IEEE 1970, 'A Fuzzy Dual Expert System for Managing Situation Awareness in a Safety Supervisory System', 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS (FUZZ-IEEE), IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, IEEE, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 715-721.
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Safety supervisory systems continue to increase in degree of automation and complexity as operators are decreasing. As a result, each operator must be able to comprehend and respond to an ever increasing amount of available risky status and alert information. They generally have no difficulty in performing their tasks physically but they are stressed by the task of understanding what is going on in the situation. So in the last two decades, situation awareness has been recognized as a critical foundation for successful decision making across a broad range of complex and dynamic systems. This paper develops a fuzzy dual expert system based approach to enhance situation awareness. The proposed approach has ability to support the operators' understanding and assessing the situations, and to deal with uncertainties, applying fuzzy risk assessment concepts. © 2012 IEEE.

Nejadi, S & Aslani, F 1970, 'Bond of deformed reinforcing steel bars embedded in steel fiber reinforced self-compacting concrete', Proceedings for the BOND IN CONCRETE 2012: Bond, Anchorage, Detailing conference, Bond in Concrete, Publisher creations, Manerbio (Brescia), Italy, pp. 757-764.
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Steel fiber reinforced self-compacting concrete (SFRSCC) is a relatively new composite material which congregates the benefits of the SCC technology with the profits derived from the fiber addition to a brittle cementitious matrix. Steel-concrete composite floors, reinforced concrete floors supported by columns or walls and floors on an elastic foundations belong to the category of structural elements in which the conventional steel reinforcement can be partially replaced by the use of SFRSCC. When discussing deformation capacity of structural elements or civil engineering structures manufactured using SFRSCC, one must be able to describe thoroughly both the behavior of the concrete matrix reinforced with steel fibers and the interaction between this composite matrix and discrete steel reinforcement of the conventional type. However, even though the knowledge on bond behavior is essential for evaluating the overall behavior of structural components containing reinforcement and steel fibers, information is hardly available in this area. In this study, bond characteristics of deformed reinforcing steel bars embedded in SFRSCC is investigated.

Nemoto, K, Everitt, MS, Devitt, SJ, Stephens, AM, Trupke, M & Schmiedmayer, J 1970, 'Quantum information device based on NV diamond centers for quantum network', Optics InfoBase Conference Papers, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO), IEEE, San Jose, CA.
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We propose a model of quantum information devices based on an optical cavity with an NV centre. These devices can be easily modified to accommodate imperfections such as photon loss, maintaining the feasibility and scalability. © OSA 2012.

Ngadimin, A, Vessalas, K, Thomas, P & Hamedanimojarrad, P 1970, 'Investigation of flint glass for partial replacement of fine aggregate in fly ash cement-based mortars', From Materials to Structures: Advancement through Innovation - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 22ND AUSTRALASIAN CONFERENCE ON THE MECHANICS OF STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS, Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, CRC Press, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA, pp. 1159-1164.
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This paper reports on the findings of an investigation into the evaluation of using flint glass (FG) sourced from post-consumer products, available in Australiaâswaste stream, as a replacement of fine aggregate in fly ash (FA) cement-based mortars.Workability, compressive strength and strength activity index were assessed in 3 phases of the research study, which includes: (1) partial replacement of sand by FG at 5%, 10% and 15%; (2) partial replacement of Portland Cement (PC) with FA at 10%, 20% and 30% using a fixed amount of FG; and, (3) variation of water/cementitious material ratio (w/cm) from 0.45 to 0.55 using a fixed amount of FA and FG. Results indicate that FG is suitable for partial substitute of fine sand in mortars up to 15% in terms of compressive strength; however, the value of strength attained is highly dependant on the w/cm used.

Nguyen, AV, Nguyen, LB, Su, S & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Development of a Bayesian neural network to perform obstacle avoidance for an intelligent wheelchair', 2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2012 34th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), IEEE, San Diego, CA, USA, pp. 1884-1887.
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This paper presents an extension of a real-time obstacle avoidance algorithm for our laser-based intelligent wheelchair, to provide independent mobility for people with physical, cognitive, and/or perceptual impairments. The laser range finder URG-04LX mounted on the front of the wheelchair collects immediate environment information, and then the raw laser data are directly used to control the wheelchair in real-time without any modification. The central control role is an obstacle avoidance algorithm which is a neural network trained under supervision of Bayesian framework, to optimize its structure and weight values. The experiment results demonstrated that this new approach provides safety, smoothness for autonomous tasks and significantly improves the performance of the system in difficult tasks such as door passing. © 2012 IEEE.

Nguyen, DN & Krunz, M 1970, 'Power-efficient spatial multiplexing for multiantenna MANETs', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), ICC 2012 - 2012 IEEE International Conference on Communications, IEEE, Ottawa, ON, Canada, pp. 4016-4020.
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We consider the problem of minimizing network's transmit power for given transmission rate demands of all links in a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) ad hoc network. The problem is nonconvex, hence, challenging to be solved, even in a centralized manner. To derive a distributed solution, we reformulate the problem as a noncooperative game. We then propose a network interference function (NIF) that captures the total interference incurred at unintended receivers by all transmitters. The proposed NIF sets the light for designing transmitter-dependent pricing policies for the above game. A price-based iterative water-filling algorithm (PIWF) is proposed to find MIMO precoding matrices, which determines both beam directions and transmission power allocation among antennas (or data streams) at each transmitter. Simulations show that PIWF is more power-efficient than all existing MIMO precoding methods. Additionally, NIF under PIWF is also the least. Simulations also show the fast convergence of PIWF. © 2012 IEEE.

Nguyen, DN & Krunz, M 1970, 'Spectrum management and power allocation in MIMO cognitive networks', 2012 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM, IEEE INFOCOM 2012 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications, IEEE, Orlando, FL, USA, pp. 2023-2031.
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We consider the problem of maximizing the throughput of a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) cognitive radio (CR) network. CR users are assumed to share the available spectrum without disturbing primary radio (PR) transmissions. With spatial multiplexing performed over each frequency band, a multi-antenna CR node controls its antenna radiation patterns and allocates power for each data stream by appropriately adjusting its precoding matrix. Our objective is to design a set of precoding matrices (one for each band) at each CR node so that power and spectrum are optimally allocated for that node (in terms of throughput) and its interference is steered away from other CR and PR transmissions. In other words, the problems of power, spectrum and interference management are jointly investigated. We formulate a multi-carrier MIMO network throughput optimization problem subject to frequency-dependent power constraints. The problem is non-convex, with the number of variables growing quadratically with the number of antenna elements. Such a problem is difficult to solve, even in a centralized manner. To tackle it, we translate it into a noncooperative game and derive an optimal pricing policy for each node, which adapts to the node's neighboring conditions and drives the game to a Nash-Equilibrium (NE). The network throughput under this NE is at least equal to that of a locally optimal solution of the non-convex centralized problem. To find the set of precoding matrices at each node (the best response), a low-complexity distributed algorithm is developed by exploiting the strong duality of the per-user convex optimization problem. The number of variables in the distributed algorithm is independent of the number of antenna elements. A centralized (cooperative) algorithm is also developed, serving as a performance benchmark. Simulations show that the network throughput under the distributed algorithm converges rapidly to that of the centralized one. The fast convergence of the ...

Nguyen, JS, Nguyen, TN, Tran, Y, Su, SW, Craig, A, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'Real-time Performance of a Hands-free Semi-autonomous Wheelchair System Using a Combination of Stereoscopic and Spherical Vision', 2012 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC), International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE Xplore, San Diego, CA, USA, pp. 3069-3072.
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This paper is concerned with the operational performance of a semi-autonomous wheelchair system named TIM (Thought-controlled Intelligent Machine), which uses cameras in a system configuration modeled on the vision system of a horse. This new camera configuration utilizes stereoscopic vision for 3-Dimensional (3D) depth perception and mapping ahead of the wheelchair, combined with a spherical camera system for 360-degrees of monocular vision. The unique combination allows for static components of an unknown environment to be mapped and any surrounding dynamic obstacles to be detected, during real-time autonomous navigation, minimizing blind-spots and preventing accidental collisions with people or obstacles. Combining this vision system with a shared control strategy provides intelligent assistive guidance during wheelchair navigation, and can accompany any hands-free wheelchair control technology for people with severe physical disability. Testing of this system in crowded dynamic environments has displayed the feasibility and real-time performance of this system when assisting hands-free control technologies, in this case being a proof-of-concept brain-computer interface (BCI). © 2012 IEEE.

Nguyen, LB, Nguyen, AV, Ling, SH, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'A Particle Swarm Optimization-based Neural Network for Detecting Nocturnal Hypoglycemia Using Electroencephalography Signals', 2012 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS (IJCNN), IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence, IEEE, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 2730-2735.
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For patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), hypoglycemia or the state of low blood glucose level is a very common but dangerous complication. Hypoglycemia episodes can lead to a large number of serious symptoms and effects, including unconsciousness, coma and even death. The variety of hypoglycemia symptoms is originated from the inadequate supply of glucose to the brain. By analyzing electroencephalography (EEG) signals from five T1DM patients during an overnight study, we find that under hypoglycemia, both centroid theta frequency and centroid alpha frequency change significantly against non-hypoglycemia conditions. Furthermore, a neural network is developed to detect hypoglycemia using the mentioned two EEG features. A standard particle swarm optimization strategy is applied to optimize the parameters of this neural network. By using the proposed method, we obtain the classification performance of 82% sensitivity and 63% specificity. The results demonstrate that hypoglycemia episodes can be detected non-invasively and effectively from EEG signals.

Nguyen, LB, Nguyen, AV, Ling, SH, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'An Adaptive Strategy of Classification for Detecting Hypoglycemia using Only Two EEG Channels', 2012 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC), International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, San Diego, California, USA, pp. 3515-3518.
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Hypoglycemia is the most common but highly feared side effect of the insulin therapy for patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). Severe episodes of hypoglycemia can lead to unconsciousness, coma, and even death. The variety of hypoglycemic symptoms arises from the activation of the autonomous central nervous system and from reduced cerebral glucose consumption. In this study, electroencephalography (EEG) signals from five T1DM patients during an overnight clamp study were measured and analyzed. By applying a method of feature extraction using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and classification using neural networks, we establish that hypoglycemia can be detected non-invasively using EEG signals from only two channels. This paper demonstrates that a significant advantage can be achieved by implementing adaptive training. By adapting the classifier to a previously unseen person, the classification results can be improved from 60% sensitivity and 54% specificity to 75% sensitivity and 67% specificity.

Nguyen, LV, Kodagoda, S, Ranasinghe, R, Dissanayake, G & IEEE 1970, 'Simulated Annealing Based Approach for Near-Optimal Sensor Selection in Gaussian Processes', 2012 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL, AUTOMATION AND INFORMATION SCIENCES (ICCAIS), International Conference on Control, Automation and Information Sciences, IEEE, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, pp. 142-147.
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This paper addresses the sensor selection problem associated with monitoring spatial phenomena, where a subset of k sensor measurements from among a set of n potential sensor measurements is to be chosen such that the root mean square prediction error is minimised. It is proposed that the spatial phenomena to be monitored is modelled using a Gaussian Process and a simulated annealing based approximately heuristic algorithm is used to solve the resulting minimisation problem. The algorithm is shown to be computationally efficient and is illustrated using both indoor and outdoor environment monitoring scenarios. It is shown that, although the proposed algorithm is not guaranteed to find the optimum, it always provides accurate solutions for broad range real-world and computer generated datasets.

Nguyen, QV, Alzamora, P, Ho, N, Huang, ML, Simoff, S & Catchpoole, D 1970, 'Unlocking the complexity of genomic data of RMS patients through visual analytics', 2012 International Conference on Computerized Healthcare (ICCH), 2012 International Conference on Computerized Healthcare (ICCH), IEEE, Hong Kong, China.
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Nguyen, V & Blumenstein, M 1970, 'A Compact Size Feature Set for the Off-Line Signature Verification Problem', 2012 10th IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems, 2012 10th IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems (DAS), IEEE, Gold Coast, Australia, pp. 261-265.
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With increasing computational power, researchers in the area of off-line signature verification have been able to investigate feature extraction techniques that produce large-dimensional feature vectors. However, a large feature vector is not necessarily associated with high performance. This paper investigates the performance of a small feature set consisting of 33 feature values. In the experiments using Support Vector Machines (SVMs), an average error rate (AER) of 16.80% was obtained together with a low false acceptance rate (FAR) for random forgeries of 0.19%. The significant reduction of the error rate was obtained when the proposed global features were employed, which demonstrates their astonishingly high discriminant power. These results suggest that the use of global features for the off-line signature verification problem is worth further investigation. © 2012 IEEE.

Nicholas, A, Ariyaratne, W & Crews, K 1970, 'Capacity of compression members in heritage timber truss bridge', Bridge Maintenance, Safety, Management, Resilience and Sustainability - Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Bridge Maintenance, Safety and Management, International Conference on Bridge Maintenance, Safety and Management, CRC Press, Lake Maggiore, Italy, pp. 1895-1902.
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New South Wales Roads and Maritime Services are responsible for maintaining a number of timber bridges on the road network. Many of these are truss bridges which were designed over 100 years ago, and are listed on the State Heritage Register. Since the introduction of the limit state design method for Australian bridge design in the Austroads Bridge Design Code in 1992, there has not been an associated limit states timber bridge design code in Australia. A research and testing program was conducted at the University of Technology, Sydney in 2010 and 2011 in order to develop guidelines to allow reasonable prediction of the capacity of members in these heritage timber truss bridges. The four primary areas that were studied were buckling modes of column assemblies, properties of Australian hardwoods used in timber bridges, shear capacity of timber spacers with bolts along the grain loaded perpendicular to grain, and stress relaxation of timber members loaded in bending with permanent deflections. From this testing and analysis, new guidelines for the design and assessment of heritage timber truss bridges have been developed. The guidelines make use of a critical elastic buckling analysis, as well as a simple interaction formula for bending and compression

Nicholson, A, Jenkins, J, van Schaik, A, Hamilton, TJ & Lehmann, T 1970, 'A 1.2V 2-bit phase interpolator for 65nm CMOS', 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems - ISCAS 2012, IEEE, pp. 2039-2042.
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We present a digital phase interpolator (PI) design for 65nm CMOS that avoids conventional analog structures, accurately achieves 2-bits phase resolution across a range of rise time and input delays from t rise: 48ps → 200ps using a ratio t rise/t delay of at least 1 or greater. Increased accuracy is available for certain rise times using ratios increasing between 1 and 10 as verified by simulations across process corners using extracted parasitic capacitances but ignoring MOSFET mismatch effects. Power consumption was estimated at 30nW/MHz → 38nW/MHz across a range of process variation corners in these operating conditions. Monte Carlo simulations across process and MOSFET mismatch conditions show large variations in estimated accuracy. Monte Carlo trials show the PI achieves a worst case DNL error (mean±3σ) of 1.06 LSB using t rise/t delay ratio of 5.3 and 48ps rise time, and a worst case DNL error (mean ±2σ) of 0.49 LSB for t rise/t delay ratio of 4 and 84ps rise time. © 2012 IEEE.

Nimbalkar, S, Indraratna, B & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 1970, 'Performance Improvement of Railway Ballast Using Shock Mats and Synthetic Grids', GeoCongress 2012, GeoCongress 2012, American Society of Civil Engineers, JAPAN, pp. 1622-1631.
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Railways in Australia still play a significant role in the intrastate transport of passenger and freight. In recent years, the increased demand for heavier and faster trains has posed greater challenges to railway industry to improve efficiency and stability of track while decreasing track maintenance costs. The ballast layer plays a key role in governing the stability and performance of rail tracks. However, high traffic induced stresses always result in large plastic deformations and degradation of ballast, which in turn leads to significant loss of track stability. This problem becomes severe under impact loading because it accelerates the breakage of ballast particles. Therefore, understanding the complex mechanisms involved with the transfer of impact loads on the substructure and their effect on ballast breakage and degradation is essential when designing new tracks and rehabilitating existing ones. The field trial in Bulli (near Wollongong) demonstrated that in case of train with wheel flats, extremely high pressure can be transmitted to the ballast bed. Installing resilient mats such as rubber pads (shock mats) in rail tracks can lead to attenuation of impact forces and subsequent mitigation of ballast degradation. In view of this, a series of laboratory tests using a high capacity drop-weight impact testing equipment has been carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of shock mats. This paper describes large-scale laboratory testing and full-scale instrumented field trial carried out to quantify the geotechnical behavior of ballast improved by using shock mats and synthetic grids respectively. © 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers.

Norouzi, M, De Bruijn, F & Miró, JV 1970, 'Planning Stable Paths for Urban Search and Rescue Robots', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Robot Soccer World Cup, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 90-101.
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Rescue robots are platforms designed to operate in challenging and uneven surfaces. These robots are often equipped with manipulator arms and varying traction arrangements. As such, it is possible to reconfigure the kinematic of robot in order to reduce potential instabilities, such as those leading to vehicle tip-over. This paper proposes a methodology to plan feasible paths through uneven topographies by planning stable paths that account for the safe interaction between vehicle and terrain. The proposed technique, based on a gradient stability criterion, is validated with two of the best known path search strategies in 3D lattices, i.e. the A* and the Rapidly-Exploring Random Trees. Using real terrain data, simulation results obtained with the model of a real rescue robot demonstrate significant improvements in terms of paths that are able to automatically avoid regions of potential instabilities, to concentrate on those where the freedom of exploiting posture adaptation permits generation of optimally safe paths. © 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Norouzi, M, Miro, JV, Dissanayake, G, IEEE & Japan, RSO 1970, 'Planning High-Visibility Stable Paths for Reconfigurable Robots On Uneven Terrain', 2012 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS (IROS), IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IEEE, Algarve, Portugal, pp. 2844-2849.
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This paper proposes a motion planning strategy for reconfigurable mobile robots in uneven terrain. Paths that guarantee stability while at the same time maximise the height of the sensor payload, thereby enhancing the capacity of the robot to explore the environment are obtained using a search algorithm based on A*. This is particularly applicable to operations such as search and rescue where observing the environment for locating victims is the major objective, although the proposed technique can be generalised to incorporate other potentially conflicting objectives such as minimising energy. The proposed planning strategy looks at exploiting the (possibly incomplete) environment information available to the robot and/or operator as it explores novel terrain. The effectiveness of the approach is evaluated using data obtained from a multi-tracked robot fitted with a manipulator arm and a range camera in a mock-up search and rescue arena. © 2012 IEEE.

Nourbakhsh, N, Wang, Y, Chen, F & Calvo, RA 1970, 'Using galvanic skin response for cognitive load measurement in arithmetic and reading tasks', Proceedings of the 24th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference, OzCHI '12: The 24th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference, ACM, pp. 420-423.
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Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) has recently attracted researchers' attention as a prospective physiological indicator of cognitive load and emotions. However, it has commonly been investigated through single or few measures and in one experimental scenario. In this research, aiming to perform a comprehensive study, we have assessed GSR data captured from two different experiments, one including text reading tasks and the other using arithmetic tasks, each imposing multiple cognitive load levels. We have examined temporal and spectral features of GSR against different task difficulty levels. ANOVA test was applied for the statistical evaluation. Obtained results show the strong significance of the explored features, especially the spectral ones, in cognitive workload measurement in the two studied experiments. © 2012 ACM.

Noushini, A, Vessalas, K, Ghosni, N & Samali, B 1970, 'Effect of polyvinyl alcohol fibre and fly ash on flexural tensile properties of concrete', From Materials to Structures: Advancement through Innovation - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 22ND AUSTRALASIAN CONFERENCE ON THE MECHANICS OF STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS, Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, CRC Press, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1165-1170.
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This paper investigates the effect of synthetic fibre and fly ash (FA) on post peak response and fracture properties of concrete. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibres were added as intrinsic reinforcement to concrete and30%of cementwas replaced with fly ash as an environmental friendly additive to reduce cement consumption. Samples were prepared abiding by relevant standards and tested accordingly. Limit of Proportionality (LOP) of the mentioned concretes has been assessed. Notched rectangular prisms have been tested to evaluate the residual flexural tensile strength and limit of proportionality of conventional and FA modified concrete as well as fibre reinforced concrete (FRC). Cylindrical samples have been tested to determine the compressive strength and indirect tensile strength of each concrete. Tests have been conducted at 28 days of ageing. Results gathered from different mix designs are compared to control and other mixes.

Nuryani, N, Ling, SH, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'Hybrid Particle Swarm-based Fuzzy Support Vector Machine for Hypoglycemia Detection', 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS (FUZZ-IEEE), IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, IEEE, Australia, pp. 450-455.
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Severe hypoglycemia is potentially life-threatening. This article introduces a novel hypoglycemia detection strategy using a hybrid particle swarm - based fuzzy support vector machine (SFisSvm) technique. The inputs of this system are six electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters. The system parameters of SFisSvm are optimized using a particle swarm optimization method. The proposed hypoglycemia detector system is a combination of two subsystems, namely, fuzzy inference system (FIS) and support vector machine (SVM). Two most significant inputs, heart rate and RTpc are fed to FIS, and its output is used for input of the SVM. The other ECG parameters and the output of FIS are fed to SVM and, then, are classified to indicate the presence of hypoglycemia. In this study, three and five membership functions are investigated for FIS. Furthermore, radial basis function (RBF), sigmoid and linear kernel functions are employed for mapping the inputs to high dimensional space in SVM. Performances of SFisSvm with different kernel functions are compared. As conclusion, the performance of SFisSvm is found with 75.19%, 83.71% and 79.33% in terms of sensitivity, specificity and geometric mean.

Nye, B, Bharathy, G, Silverman, BG & Eksin, C 1970, 'Simulation-Based Training of Ill-Defined Social Domains: The Complex Environment Assessment and Tutoring System (CEATS).', ITS, Springer, pp. 642-644.
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Obaidullah, K & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Efficient algorithm with lognormal distributions for overloaded MIMO wireless system', 2012 Conference Handbook - Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference, APSIPA ASC 2012.
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Due to outstanding search strength and well organized steps, genetic algorithm (GA) has gained high interest in the field of overloaded multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communications system. For overloaded MIMO system employing spatial multiplexing transmission we evaluate the performance and complexity of genetic algorithm (GA)-based detection, against the maximum-likelihood (ML) approach. We consider transmit-correlated fading channels with realistic Laplacian power azimuth spectrum. The values of the azimuth spread (AS) and Rician K-factor are set by the means of the lognormal distributions obtained from WINNER II channel models. First, we confirm that for constant complexity, GA performance is same for different combinations of GA parameters. Then, we compare the GA performance with ML in several WINNER II scenarios and channel matrix means. Finally, we compare the complexity of GA with ML. We find that GA perform similarly with ML throughout the SNR points for different scenarios and different deterministic rank. We also find that for achieving performance, GA complexity is much less than ML and thus, is an advantage in field programmable gate array (FPGA) design. © 2012 APSIPA.

Obaidullah, K & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Efficient algorithm with WINNER II lognormal distributions for MIMO systems', 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE.
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Oberst, S & Lai, JCS 1970, 'Analysis of disc brake squeal: Progress and challenges', 19th International Congress on Sound and Vibration 2012, ICSV 2012, pp. 2874-2881.
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Brake squeal noise has been the subject of intense research efforts owing to concerns of car manufacturers caused by complaints lodged and warranty claim related costs arising from dissatisfied customers. Brake squeal is known to be fugitive, and often not repeatable, even under apparently similar operating conditions. The production of brake squeal is dependent on a large number of interacting parameters, such as the mechanical properties of the brake lining materials, contact conditions, wear, operating pressure and temperature which contribute to its often observed nonrepeatability. In this paper, an overview of the state-of-the-art understanding of brake squeal mechanisms and numerical analysis methods (primarily based on finite element analysis) for the prediction of brake squeal propensity is presented. The question of nonlinearity of brake squeal is raised in terms of analysing the mechanisms and how present solution methods reflect this degree of nonlinearity. This is complemented by a description of current industrial practice in the treatment of brake squeal which is, generally, managed on a case-by-case, trial-and-error basis using expensive equipment and time-consuming noise dynamometer and/or on-vehicle tests. The gaps between theory and industrial practice and, hence, challenges for brake squeal research are identified. Recommendations for bridging these gaps and improving the usefulness of current numerical methods for practical industrial use are proposed.

Oberst, S & Lai, JCS 1970, 'The role of nonlinearity in disc brake squeal', Proceedings - European Conference on Noise Control, pp. 1334-1339.
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The prediction of disc brake squeal propensity remains difficult despite significant progress made in the last two decades towards understanding its nature. Most of the numerical analysis of brake squeal is based on linear methods that have found some success in guiding the development of brakes in industry. One popular approach is the complex eigenvalue analysis using finite element models to predict unstable vibration modes. However, the complex eigenvalue analysis may over-predict or under-predict the number of unstable vibration modes and not all predicted unstable vibration modes will result in squeal. Therefore, extensive brake testing in noise dynamometers is required in order to ensure that the noise performance of brakes is acceptable. Although the analysis of brake squeal propensity is primarily based on linear approaches, it has been recognised that the operation of a brake contains a number of nonlinearities such as the excitation through the friction contact between the disc and pad, material properties, and operating conditions. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview on nonlinearity as one mechanism of the cause of brake squeal and to discuss how such knowledge could be used to develop alternative strategies in numerical prediction of brake squeal propensity. © European Acoustics Association.

Odeh, N, Abolhasan, M, Safaei, F & Franklin, DR 1970, 'On the impact of RD link in resource allocation for multi-cell OFDMA cooperative relay networks with partial CSI.', ISCIT, International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies, IEEE, Gold Coast, QLD, pp. 690-695.
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is paper investigates the impact of the relay-to-destination channel gain on subcarrier allocation for uplink OFDMA based cooperative relay networks using multiple amplify-and- forward (AF) relaying protocols. The closed form outage probability is derived for the system under partial channel state information (PCSI) and considering the presence of intercell interference (ICI). The results show that the impact of the link between the relay station and the destination is very low when the ICI is high. Hence, under this condition, the channel information of this link can be ignored during the resource allocation which significantly reduces the complexity of the resource allocation processes. Furthermore, this paper quantifies the level of interference at which the RD link can be ignored.

Orchi, TF, Pota, HR & Hossain, MJ 1970, 'Stability improvement of wind farms using shunt and series compensation', 2012 22nd Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference: 'Green Smart Grid Systems', AUPEC 2012, 22nd Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC) - Green Smart Grid Systems, IEEE, Bali, INDONESIA.
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This paper presents a comparison of the performance of series and shunt compensation in stability improvement of wind farms. Static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) are used as shunt and series compensator respectively in order to enhance the system stability. The effect of control parameter tuning is also analysed. A comparison is also made between the required ratings of STATCOM and SSSC. To maintain permissible voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC) SSSC can perform well as STATCOM with lower voltage rating if it is placed at suitable position in the network. Effects of load variation and fault duration are investigated through nonlinear simulations. Constant power load is considered and varied with time to investigate the load changing effect. Simulations are carried out in Matlab/Simulink environment on a test system. It is found that both STATCOM and SSSC can enhance the performance of wind farms, however, they can be selected for a system depending on the system structure and operating conditions. © 2012 Institut Teknologi Sepulul.

O'Reilly, RD, Morrison, JP & McGregor, C 1970, 'A system for the transmission, processing and visualisation of EEG to support Irish Neonatal Intensive Care Units', 2012 25th IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE), 2012 25th IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE), IEEE.
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A system, constructed as a "proof of concept", for providing an Irish tele-neurophysiology service is presented. It is based on a distributed architecture and capable of handling synchronous data streams from multiple Irish Neonatal Intensive Care Units. It provides Ireland with an infrastructure for overcoming factors affecting the diagnosis of neurological disorders in neonates. The system supports collaborative efforts by neurophysiologists, removes geographical constraints on expert knowledge and allows for the creation of national data stores while simultaneously supporting the trans-Atlantic processing of EEG. Technical obstacles affecting its successful implementation are outlined and solutions proposed. The implementation of such a system could significantly improve the quality of care provided to neonates. © 2012 IEEE.

Orgerie, A-C, Gonçalves, P, Davis, M, Ridoux, J & Veitch, D 1970, 'Distributed Simulation and Visualization of Unsteady Flows in a Transcontinental Context', Supercomputing.

Orgerie, A-C, Gonçalves, P, Imbert, M, Ridoux, J & Veitch, D 1970, 'Survey of Network Metrology Platforms', 2012 IEEE/IPSJ 12th International Symposium on Applications and the Internet, 2012 IEEE/IPSJ 12th International Symposium on Applications and the Internet (SAINT), IEEE, Izmir, Turkey, pp. 220-225.
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Ostos, JC & Lu, DD-C 1970, 'Modeling and analysis of CCM non-isolated high step-up interleaved buck-boost dc/dc converters', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon), 2012 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon), IEEE, Malaysia, pp. 28-31.
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This paper presents a new non-isolated high step-up topology by connecting two buck-boost DC/DC converters in the interleaved form. The presented topology has two identical buck-boost converters connected in a parallel-input, series-output manner for boosting the output voltage. This new topology can serve as an alternative to the typically used transformer isolated converter topology. A low-frequency modeling technique MISSCO is used to model and analyse the converter and simulations results are shown. © 2012 IEEE.

Pagano, D, Liu, D, Waldron, K & IEEE 1970, 'A Method for Optimal Design of an Inchworm Climbing Robot', 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND BIOMIMETICS (ROBIO 2012), IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics, IEEE, Guangzhou, China, pp. 1293-1298.
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Many ferromagnetic structures require regular inspection and maintenance to ensure their longevity, structural integrity and aesthetics. These operations are often very hazardous to workers, as they are normally performed at height or in confined spaces, and can expose workers to hazardous materials such as lead based paints and vehicle fumes. An inchworm climbing robot has been proposed as a solution that would improve the quality of the inspection procedure and the occupational health and safety for the maintenance personnel while reducing setup times and costs. However, a number of challenges in designing such an inchworm robot arise from the environmental, mobility and safety factors. This paper describes these challenges for given design applications and presents a method to optimise the design to address the challenges. Analyses of the results attest to the feasibility of the solution. © 2012 IEEE.

Pal, S, Alireza, A, Pal, U & Blumenstein, M 1970, 'Multi-script off-line signature identification', 2012 12th International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems (HIS), 2012 12th International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems (HIS), IEEE, Pine, India, pp. 236-240.
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In this paper, we present an empirical contribution towards the understanding of multi-script signature identification. In the proposed signature identification system, the signatures of Bengali (Bangla), Hindi (Devanagari) and English are considered for the identification process. This system will identify whether a claimed signature belongs to the group of Bengali, Hindi or English signatures. Zernike Moment and histogram of gradient are employed as two different feature extraction techniques. In the proposed system, Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are considered as classifiers for signature identification. A database of 2100 Bangla signatures, 2100 Hindi signatures and 2100 English signatures are used for experimentation. Two different results based on two different feature sets are calculated and analysed. The highest accuracy of 92.14% is obtained based on the gradient features using 4200 (1400 Bangla +1400 Hindi + 1400 English) samples for training and 2100 (700 Bangla +700 Hindi +700 English) samples for testing. © 2012 IEEE.

Pal, S, Blumenstein, M & Pal, U 1970, 'Hindi Off-Line Signature Verification', 2012 International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, 2012 International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (ICFHR), IEEE, Bari, Italy, pp. 373-378.
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Handwritten Signatures are one of the widely used biometrics for document authentication as well as human authorization. The purpose of this paper is to present an offline signature verification system involving Hindi signatures. Signature verification is a process by which the questioned signature is examined in detail in order to determine whether it belongs to the claimed person or not. Despite of substantial research in the field of signature verification involving Western signatures, very little attention has been dedicated to non-Western signatures such as Chinese, Japanese, Arabic, Persian etc. In this paper, the performance of an off-line signature verification system involving Hindi signatures, whose style is distinct from Western scripts, has been investigated. The gradient and Zernike moment features were employed and Support Vector Machines (SVMs) were considered for verification. To the best of the authors' knowledge, Hindi signatures have never been used for the task of signature verification and this is the first report of using Hindi signatures in this area. The Hindi signature database employed for experimentation consisted of 840 (35×24) genuine signatures and 1050 (35×30) forgeries. An encouraging accuracy of 7.42% FRR and 4.28% FAR were obtained following experimentation when the gradient features were employed. © 2012 IEEE.

Pal, S, Chanda, S, Pal, U, Franke, K & Blumenstein, M 1970, 'Off-line signature verification using G-SURF', 2012 12th International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications (ISDA), 2012 12th International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications (ISDA), IEEE, Kochi, India, pp. 586-591.
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In the field of biometric authentication, automatic signature identification and verification has been a strong research area because of the social and legal acceptance and extensive use of the written signature as an easy method for authentication. Signature verification is a process in which the questioned signature is examined in detail in order to determine whether it belongs to the claimed person or not. Signatures provide a secure means for confirmation and authorization in legal documents. So nowadays, signature identification and verification becomes an essential component in automating the rapid processing of documents containing embedded signatures. Sometimes, part-based signature verification can be useful when a questioned signature has lost its original shape due to inferior scanning quality. In order to address the above-mentioned adverse scenario, we propose a new feature encoding technique. This feature encoding is based on the amalgamation of Gabor filter-based features with SURF features (G-SURF). Features generated from a signature are applied to a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. For experimentation, 1500 (50x30) forgeries and 1200 (50x24) genuine signatures from the GPDS signature database were used. A verification accuracy of 97.05% was obtained from the experiments. © 2012 IEEE.

Pal, S, Nguyen, V, Blumenstein, M & Pal, U 1970, 'Off-line Bangla signature verification', Proceedings - 10th IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems, DAS 2012, IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, IEEE, USA, pp. 282-286.
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In the field of information security, biometric systems play an important role. Within biometrics, automatic signature identification and verification has been a strong research area because of the social and legal acceptance and extensive use of the written signature as an individual authentication. Signature verification is a process in which the questioned signature is examined in detail in order to determine whether it belongs to the claimed person or not. Despite substantial research in the field of signature verification involving Western signatures, very few works have been dedicated to non-Western signatures such as Chinese, Japanese, Arabic, or Persian etc. In this paper, the performance of an off-line signature verification system involving Bangla signatures, whose style is distinct from Western scripts, was investigated. The Gaussian Grid feature extraction technique was employed for feature extraction and Support Vector Machines (SVMs) were considered for classification. The Bangla signature database employed in the experiments consisted of 3000 forgeries and 2400 genuine signatures. An encouraging accuracy of 90.4% was obtained from the experiments. © 2012 IEEE.

Pal, S, Pal, U & Blumenstein, M 1970, 'Off-line English and Chinese signature identification using foreground and background features', The 2012 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), 2012 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 2012 - Brisbane), IEEE.
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In the field of information security, the usage of biometrics is growing for user authentication. Automatic signature recognition and verification is one of the biometric techniques, which is only one of several used to verify the identity of individuals. In this paper, a foreground and background based technique is proposed for identification of scripts from bi-lingual (English/Roman and Chinese) off-line signatures. This system will identify whether a claimed signature belongs to the group of English signatures or Chinese signatures. The identification of signatures based on its script is a major contribution for multi-script signature verification. Two background information extraction techniques are used to produce the background components of the signature images. Gradient-based method was used to extract the features of the foreground as well as background components. Zernike Moment feature was also employed on signature samples. Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used as the classifier for signature identification in the proposed system. A database of 1120 (640 English+480 Chinese) signature samples were used for training and 560 (320 English+240 Chinese) signature samples were used for testing the proposed system. An encouraging identification accuracy of 97.70% was obtained using gradient feature from the experiment. © 2012 IEEE.

Pan, R, Xu, G & Dolog, P 1970, 'Improving Recommendations in Tag-Based Systems with Spectral Clustering of Tag Neighbors', Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, International Symposium on Computer Science and Its Applications (CSA), Springer Netherlands, Jeju Island, Korea, pp. 355-364.
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Tag as a useful metadata reflects the collaborative and conceptual features of documents in social collaborative annotation systems. In this paper, we propose a collaborative approach for expanding tag neighbors and investigate the spectral clustering algorithm to filter out noisy tag neighbors in order to get appropriate recommendation for users. The preliminary experiments have been conducted on MovieLens dataset to compare our proposed approach with the traditional collaborative filtering recommendation approach and naive tag neighbors expansion approach in terms of precision, and the result demonstrates that our approach could considerably improve the performance of recommendations. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

Pan, R, Xu, G, Dolog, P & Zong, Y 1970, 'Group Division for Recommendation in Tag-Based Systems', 2012 Second International Conference on Cloud and Green Computing, 2012 International Conference on Cloud and Green Computing (CGC), IEEE, Xiangtan, China, pp. 399-404.
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The common usage of tags in these systems is to add the tagging attribute as an additional feature to re-model users or resources over the tag vector space, and in turn, making tag-based recommendation or personalized recommendation. With the help of tagging data, user annotation preference and document topical tendency are substantially coded into the profiles of users or documents. However, obtaining the proper relationship among user, resource and tag is still a challenge in social annotation based recommendation researches. In this paper, we utilize the relationship from between tags and resources and between tags and users to extract group information. With the help of such relationship, we can obtain the Topic-Groups based on the bipartite relationship between tags and resources, and Interest-Groups based on the bipartite relationship between tags and users. The preliminary experiments have been conducted on Movie Lens dataset to compare our proposed approach with the traditional collaborative filtering recommendation approach approach in terms of precision, and the result demonstrates that our approach could considerably improve the performance of recommendations. © 2012 IEEE.

Parnell, J 1970, 'Development of the draft nsw planning guidelines: Wind farms', Acoustics Australia, pp. 79-83.
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The NSW Department of Planning and Infrastructure has released its Draft NSW Planning Guidelines: Wind Farms (the Draft) for public consultation. The period for consultation was until 14 March 2012, which had not been reached at the time of writing this Technical Note. Site selection is important, particularly as these sites may be revisited for compliance over the life of the wind farm. Whilst this should be a basic consideration for an acoustician, the draft gives some guidance on positioning, particularly in relation to trees. It is generally considered that extraneous noise from foliage is not a significant problem for low scrubs and bushes, however tall trees such as eucalypts and poplar trees which seem to be common in high wind areas can cause difficulties in collection valid noise data. In the knowledge that it can be extremely difficult to separate wind turbine noise from the ambient when at large distances, the Draft allows for supporting noise data to be collected at intermediate locations where the signal-to-noise ratio is much higher.

Parvin, S & Hussain, FK 1970, 'Trust-based Security for Community-based Cognitive Radio Networks', 2012 IEEE 26TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED INFORMATION NETWORKING AND APPLICATIONS (AINA), International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (was ICOIN), IEEE, Fukuoka, Japan, pp. 518-525.
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Cognitive Radio (CR) is considered to be a necessary mechanism to detect whether a particular segment of the radio spectrum is currently in use, and to rapidly occupy the temporarily unused spectrum without interfering with the transmissions of other users. As Cognitive Radio has dynamic properties, so a member of Cognitive Radio Networks may join or leave the network at any time. These properties mean that the issue of secure communication in CRNs becomes more critical than for other conventional wireless networks. This work thus proposes a trust-based security system for community-based CRNs. A CR node's trust value is analyzed according to its previous behavior in the network and, depending on this trust value, it is decided whether this member node can take part in the communication of CRNs. For security purposes, we have designed our model to ensure that the proposed approach is secure in different contexts.

Patel, M, Miro, JV & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'A Hierarchical Hidden Markov Model to Support Activities of Daily Living with an Assistive Robotic Walker', 2012 4TH IEEE RAS & EMBS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOMEDICAL ROBOTICS AND BIOMECHATRONICS (BIOROB), IEEE RAS/EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Biomechatronics, IEEE RAS/EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Biomechatronics, Rome, Italy, pp. 1071-1076.
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This paper proposes a Hierarchical Hidden Markov Model (HHMM) framework as the most suitable tool to exploit the interactions between an intelligent mobility aid and their human operator. The framework presented is capable of learning a mixed array of the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) that the typical user of these supportive devices would normally engage in, both navigational and non-navigational in nature, and provide assistance as and when required. The main contribution of this paper is the demonstration of how this probabilistic tool capable of modelling behaviours at multiple levels of abstraction is a natural embodiment of machine intelligence to support user activities. Effectiveness of the proposed HHMM framework is evaluated with a number of healthy volunteers using a conventional rolling walker equipped with sensing and navigational aids whilst operating in a structured environment resembling a home. A comparison with more traditional discriminative models and mixed generative-discriminative models is also presented to provide a complete picture that highlights the benefits of the proposed approach. © 2012 IEEE.

Peng Li, Song Guo, Shui Yu & Vasilakos, AV 1970, 'CodePipe: An opportunistic feeding and routing protocol for reliable multicast with pipelined network coding', 2012 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM, IEEE INFOCOM 2012 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications, IEEE, Orlando, FL, pp. 100-108.
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Peng, Y, Jin, JS, Luo, S, Xu, M & Cui, Y 1970, '3D Pose Estimation of Front Vehicle Towards a Better Driver Assistance System', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo Workshops, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia & Expo Workshops (ICMEW), IEEE, Melbourne Australia, pp. 522-527.
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Driver assistance system enhances traffic safety and efficiency. Accurate 3D pose of front vehicle can help driver to make right decisions on road. We propose a novel real-time system to estimate 3D pose of the front vehicle. This system consists of two parallel threads: vehicle rear tracking and mapping. Vehicle rear is firstly identified in the video captured by an on-board camera, after license plate localization and foreground extraction. 3D pose estimation technique is then employed with respect to extracted vehicle rear. Most 3D pose estimation techniques need prior models or a stereo initialization with user cooperation. It is extremely difficult to obtain prior models due to various appearances of vehicle rears. Moreover, it is unsafe to ask for driver's cooperation when vehicle is running. In our system, two initial key frames for stereo algorithm are automatically extracted by vehicle rear detection and tracking. Map points are defined as a collection of point features extracted from vehicle rear with their 3D information. These map points are inferences that relating 2D features detected in following vehicle rears with 3D world. Relative 3D Pose between current vehicle rear and on-board camera is then estimated through mapping that matches map points with current point features. We demonstrate the abilities of our system by augmented reality, which needs accurate and real-time 3D pose estimation. © 2012 IEEE.

Peng, Y, Jin, JS, Luo, S, Xu, M & Cui, Y 1970, 'Vehicle Type Classification Using PCA with Self-Clustering', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo Workshops, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia & Expo Workshops (ICMEW), IEEE, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 384-389.
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Different conditions, such as occlusions, changes of lighting, shadows and rotations, make vehicle type classification still a challenging task, especially for real-time applications. Most existing methods rely on presumptions on certain conditions, such as lighting conditions and special camera settings. However, these presumptions usually do not work for applications in real world. In this paper, we propose a robust vehicle type classification method based on adaptive multi-class Principal Components Analysis (PCA). We treat car images captured at daytime and night-time separately. Vehicle front is extracted by examining vehicle front width and the location of license plate. Then, after generating eigenvectors to represent extracted vehicle fronts, we propose a PCA method with self-clustering to classify vehicle type. The comparison experiments with the state of art methods and real-time evaluations demonstrate the promising performance of our proposed method. Moreover, as we do not find any public database including sufficient desired images, we built up online our own database including 4924 high-resolution images of vehicle front view for further research on this topic. © 2012 IEEE.

Peng, Y, Luo, S, Xu, M, Ni, Z, Jin, JS, Wang, J & Zhao, G 1970, 'Bag of features using sparse coding for gender classification', Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Internet Multimedia Computing and Service, ICIMCS '12: The 4th International Conference on Internet Multimedia Computing and Service, ACM, Wuhan, China, pp. 80-83.
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Gender classification is challenging. Methods for gender classification need to discriminate subtle differences between male and female. Bag-of-Features (BoF) method with sparse coding has been proven very powerful in image classification. In this paper, we apply BoF method for gender classification. We use two sets of images: training images and testing images. All images are represented by a set of Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) descriptors. In training stage, using sparse coding, Visual Words Dictionary (VWD) is constructed from SIFT descriptors extracted from training images. In testing, SIFT descriptors of testing images are approximated by visual words in VWD. The choices of approximating visual words determine the classification decision. We apply our method and another two popular methods on public dataset for gender classification. We achieved promising results. Copyright © 2012 ACM.

Peng, Y, Xu, M, Ni, Z, Jin, JS & Luo, S 1970, 'Accurate Pedestrian Counting System Based on Local Features', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Pacific-Rim Conference on Multimedia, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Singapore, pp. 850-860.
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Accurate pedestrian counting are challenging in real-world due to occlusions, pedestrians' overlays or camera view sensitive. In this paper, we propose an accurate and robust pedestrian detection and counting system to address these problems. Our proposed method is group-based, where the count of people in a dense moving group is estimated as a whole. Moving groups containing single or several pedestrians are discriminated from other moving objects. Our method utilizes 9 features of each moving group within a video frame to estimate the pedestrian number in each group. Pedestrian counts are optimized by a novel tracking method, which is based on an analysis of moving groups match, split or merge. Comparison experiments with other two current methods on three benchmark surveillance videos show the effectiveness of our proposed method. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

Pham, DH, Hunter, G, Li, L & Zhu, J 1970, 'Microgrid topology for different applications in Vietnam', 2012 22nd Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference: 'Green Smart Grid Systems', AUPEC 2012, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, IEEE, Bali, Indonesia, pp. 1-6.
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This paper proposes a common microgrid including distributed energy resources (DER) like diesel generation, photovoltaic cells (PV cells), wind turbine or other renewable energy sources (RES), an energy storage system and both ac and dc loads. This micro grid topology is applicable to various areas such as city buildings, a factory, a household, a small village or a rural farm. Case study for several areas will also be presented in this paper. For different cases, depending on the strength of the utility grid, the number of available DER and user convenience, ac, dc or hybrid microgrid can be applied. To improve the reliability of the microgrid, an energy storage system made of batteries connected in series is established to support the bus voltage immediately when the microgrid is disconnected from the main grid and when in stand-alone mode. This energy storage system can be charged from the main bus voltage through a converter. Overall, the microgrid is controlled by a microgrid control center. As an example, establishment and operation of microgrid for a rural farm will be shown. © 2012 Institut Teknologi Sepulul.

Pham, HN, Fujita, H, Uchida, N & Ozaki, K 1970, 'Heat distribution control using current amplitude and phase angle in zone-control induction heating systems', 2012 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), 2012 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), IEEE, Raleigh, NC, USA, pp. 2474-2481.
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This paper proposes a new control method to expand the controllable zone number in a zone-control induction heating (ZCIH) system. The ZCIH system consists of multiple working coils and multiple inverters to control the amplitude and phase angle of each coil current to obtain uniformity in the temperature profile across a workpiece. The ZCIH system makes it possible to control the heat distribution, resulting in a fast heating capability at high temperature conditions. This paper derives a relation between the coil currents and the heat generated on each zone, when the phase angle between coil currents are controlled. Based on the analysis, a new control method is proposed to control the generated heat across the workpiece by adjusting both amplitudes and phase angles of the coil currents. Experimental results clarified that the proposed method can control the heat generated on five zones using only three working coils. As a result, N working coils are possible to control the heat generated on 2N1 zones, leading to a remarkable heat distribution improvement and/or a significant cost reduction in the ZCIH system.

Phan, AH & Tuan, HD 1970, 'Optimized beamforming problem in Amplify-forward wireless MIMO relay networks', 2012 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), 2012 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 2577-2581.
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Total relay transmit power minimization in Amplify-forward (AF) MIMO relay beamforming is naturally formulated as an indefinite quadratic (nonconvex) program and then semidefinite relaxation (SDR) technique can be used to locate their optimal solutions. Indeed, SDR often gives rank-one optimal solution within a low number of relaying antennas and communicating users. However, as the antennas number increases, the computational complexity of SDR grows up explosively that requires a huge amount of additional variables. In this paper, a more efficient problem formulation is introduced, which needs a much reduced number of auxiliary variables but the optimal solutions are still achieved iteratively. Furthermore, it works as well as for max-min relay power optimization, for which SDR seems to be powerless for solution. Simulation shows the viability of the proposed approach. © 2012 IEEE.

Phan, AH, Tuan, HD & Kha, HH 1970, 'D.C. iterations for SINR maximin multicasting in Cognitive radio', 2012 6th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems, 2012 6th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS 2012), IEEE, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
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The design of transmit beamforming vectors to maximize the threshold of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios (SINR) at the secondary receivers in cognitive multicast transmission is maximin optimization of quadratic fractional functions. There is no efficient solver for this hard maximin program. In the present paper, we show that the program can be effectively represented by a canonical d.c. (difference of convex functions) program of the same size. Accordingly, d.c. iterations are derived to locate its optimized solution. Our thorough numerical examples verify that the proposed algorithms offer almost global optimality whilst requiring relatively low computational load. © 2012 IEEE.

Phan, AH, Tuan, HD & Kha, HH 1970, 'Spectral optimization for beamforming in MIMO relay wireless networks', 2012 Fourth International Conference on Communications and Electronics (ICCE), 2012 Fourth International Conference on Communications and Electronics (ICCE), IEEE, Hue, Vietnam, pp. 156-160.
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The amplify-and-forward (AF) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) relay beamforming problems are conventionally formulated as nonconvex quadratic programs, and then the semidefinite relaxation (SDR) technique can be used to locate their optimal solutions. Although this technique can obtain the optimal beamforming, it introduces a large number of additional variables. Therefore, the computational complexity of the SDR method is prohibitively high when the number of antennas is high. In this paper, we recast the MIMO relay beamforming problem as an optimization problem of spectral functions. As compared to previous SDR methods, our formulation significantly reduces the number of auxiliary variables while the optimal solutions are still achieved by an efficient iterative algorithm. Consequently, as shown by numerical simulations, our proposed method offers a lower computational time as compared to the SDR formulation.

Phung, MD, Tran, TH, Van Thi Nguyen, T & Tran, QV 1970, 'Control of Internet-based robot systems using multi transport protocols', 2012 International Conference on Control, Automation and Information Sciences (ICCAIS), 2012 International Conference on Control, Automation and Information Sciences (ICCAIS), IEEE, Ho Chi Minh City, VIETNAM, pp. 294-299.
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Phyo Phyo San, Ling, SH & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Optimized variable translation wavelet neural network and its application in hypoglycemia detection system', 2012 7th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), 2012 7th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), IEEE, Singapore, pp. 547-551.
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An hybrid particle swarm optimization based optimized variable translation wavelet neural network (VTWNN) is proposed for detection of hypoglycemic episodes in patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Due to excellent performance in capturing nonstationary signal and nonlinear function modeling of VTWNN, it is used as a suitable classifier in hypoglycemia detection system. A global training algorithm called hybrid particle swarm optimization with wavelet mutation (HPSOWM) operation is investigated for parameters optimization of proposed VTWNN detection system. In this clinical study, 15 children with Type 1 diabetes were observed overnight. All the real data sets collected from Department of Heath, Government of Western Australia. Several experiments are performed over a randomly selected training set 5 patients (184 data points), validation set 5 patients (192 data points) and testing set 5 patients (153 data points) respectively. Using variable translation wavelet neural network (VTWNN), the value of testing sensitivity and specificity are 79.07 % and 50.00 %. The results show that the proposed detection system performs well in terms of good sensitivity and acceptable specificity.

Pileggi, SF, Ibanez, G, Fernandez-Llatas, C & Carlos Narajo-Martinez, J 1970, 'ENABLING SEMANTIC RESOURCES IN THE CLOUD', Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence, Special Session on Semantic Interoperability, SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, PORTUGAL, pp. 541-546.
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Politi, N, Jenkins, J, van Schaik, A, Lehmann, T & Hamilton, TJ 1970, 'A method for measuring switching frequency using complex asynchronous logic circuits', 2012 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems, APCCAS 2012-2012 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems, IEEE, pp. 679-682.
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In order to optimize logic libraries for high-speed operation, and be able to compare new library designs with existing ones, a method that allows switching frequency measurement on-chip is required. In this paper we present a measurement technique to evaluate the switching frequency (and therefore the maximum speed) of digital circuits. The method utilizes asynchronous logic, and is flexible-allowing measurements and comparison to be performed on digital circuits of varying complexity. This measurement method was integrated onto an IC in a 65nm CMOS technology. We provide simulation results that show that the technique is not only able to provide switching frequency measurements but can also identify the critical path through the circuit under test. Such information is critical for logic library optimization. © 2012 IEEE.

Pourashraf, P, Safaei, F, Franklin, DR & IEEE 1970, 'Distributed Area of Interest Management for Large-Scale Immersive Video Conferencing', 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTIMEDIA AND EXPO WORKSHOPS (ICMEW), IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, IEEE, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 139-144.
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Although video conferencing and its related applications have grown into a significant research area, the limited scalability of conference size is still a major problem. In this paper, a range of strategies for real-time area of interest (AOI) management in a 3D immersive video conference (IVC) are evaluated with the objective of minimising the required video transmission capacity and hence maximising the number of concurrent users. The paper shows that with judicious application of these techniques, the download capacity requirements of clients can be reduced by as much as 90% in a crowded virtual space.

Pourghasemi, HR, Moradi, HR, Mohammadi, M, Pradhan, B, Mostafazadeh, R & Goli Jirandeh, A 1970, 'Landslide hazard assessment using remote sensing data, GIS and weights-of-evidence model (South of Golestan Province, Iran)', Asia Pacific Conference on Environmental Science and Technology (APEST 2012), Advances in Biomedical Engineering, pp. 30-36.

Pourghasemi, HR, Pradhan, B & Gokceoglu, C 1970, 'Remote Sensing Data Derived Parameters and its Use in Landslide Susceptibility Assessment Using Shannon’s Entropy and GIS', Applied Mechanics and Materials, Trans Tech Publications, Ltd., pp. 486-491.
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In recent years, the growth of urban populations in hazardous areas has increased the impact of natural disasters in both developed and developing countries. The purpose of the current study is to assess the landslide susceptibility in Kalaleh township of Golestan province, Iran. In this study the Shannon’s entropy approach was applied. A total of 82 landslide locations were identified primarily from aerial photographs and field surveys. Then eighteen landslides conditioning factors were prepared in GIS. These landslide conditioning factors are: slope degree, slope aspect, altitude, plan curvature, profile curvature, tangential curvature, surface area ratio (SAR), lithology, land use, soil texture, distance from faults, distance from rivers, distance from roads, fault density, road density, topographic wetness index (TWI), stream power index (SPI), and sediment transport index (STI). Using these conditioning factors, landslide susceptibility index was calculated using Shannon’s entropy. For model validation, the results of the analyses were then compared with the field-verified landslide locations. Additionally, the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves for landslide susceptibility maps were drawn and the area under curve values was calculated. Verification results showed 82.15% accuracy. According to the results of the AUC (area under curve) evaluation, the map produced exhibits satisfactory properties.

Pradhan, B, Latif, ZA & Aman, SNA 1970, 'Application of Airborne LiDAR-Derived Parameters and Probabilistic-Based Frequency Ratio Model in Landslide Susceptibility Mapping', Applied Mechanics and Materials, Trans Tech Publications, Ltd., pp. 442-447.
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The escalating number of occurrences of natural hazards such as landslides has raised a great interest among the geoscientists. Due to the extremely high number of point’s returns, airborne LiDAR permits the formation of more accurate DEM compared to other space borne and airborne remote sensing techniques. This study aims to assess the capability of LiDAR derived parameters in landslide susceptibility mapping. Due to frequent occurrence of landslides, Ulu Klang in Selangor state in Malaysia has been considered as application site. A high resolution of airborne LiDAR DEM was constructed to produce topographic attributes such as slope, curvature and aspect. These data were utilized to derive secondary deliverables of landslide parameters such as topographic wetness index (TWI), surface area ratio (SAR) and stream power index (SPI). A probabilistic based frequency ratio model was applied to establish the spatial relationship between the landslide locations and each landslide related factors. Subsequently, factor ratings were summed up to yield Landslide Susceptibility Index (LSI) and finally a landslide susceptibility map was prepared. To test the model performance, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was carried out together with area under curve (AUC) analysis. The produced landslide susceptibility map demonstrated that high resolution airborne LiDAR data has huge potential in landslide susceptibility mapping.

Prasetya, S, Li, L, Hunter, G & Zhu, JG 1970, 'Prospect of renewable energy utilization in a Indonesian city through microgrid approach', 2012 22nd Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference: 'Green Smart Grid Systems', AUPEC 2012, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC, Bali Indonesia, pp. 1-6.
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Indonesia is a developing country which has an increasing yearly energy consumption, particularly in cities. This paper describes the study of renewable energy expansion for an urban area in Indonesia. The goal of the study is to propose a recommendation utilizing local renewable energy resources in a city using Jakarta as the model. First, literature survey summaries as the foundation research is presented in this paper. Finally, a microgrid concept to overcome energy needs particularly electricity and urban problems by exploiting local potentials in a developing city is proposed. © 2012 Institut Teknologi Sepulul.

Pupatwibul, P, Al Sabbagh, A, Banjar, AR & Braun, RM 1970, 'Distributed Systems in Next Generation Networks', 1st Australian Conference on the Applications of Systems Engineering (ACASE'12), 1st Australian Conference on the Applications of Systems Engineering (ACASE'12), University of Technology, Sydney, Sydney, Australia, pp. 32-33.
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Purba, J, Lu, J, Zhang, G & Ruan, D 1970, 'A Failure Possibility-Based Reliability Algorithm for Nuclear Safety Assessment by Fault Tree Analysis', The 1st International Workshop on Safety & Security Risk Assessment and Organisational Cultures (SSRAOC2012), The Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCKâ¿¢CEN, Antwerp - Belgium, pp. 1-8.
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Reliability data are essential for nuclear power plant probabilistic safety assessment by fault tree analysis. The limitation of conventional reliability data comes from the insufficient reliable historical data for probabilistic calculation. This paper proposes an algorithm to calculate nuclear event reliability data using possibility approach as an alternative to probabilistic approach. Nuclear events are evaluated by a group of experts based on their working experience and expertise, which are expressed in qualitative natural languages and mathematically represented by membership functions of fuzzy numbers. Every expert is given a justification weight to represent his/her knowledge level of the safety system under investigation. A case study on emergency core cooling system of a typical nuclear power plant is given to mathematically verify the proposed algorithm. The results show that this proposed algorithm is a very good alternative to assess nuclear event data when historical data for probabilistic calculation is not available.

Purba, JH, Lu, J & Zhang, G 1970, 'AN AREA DEFUZZIFICATION TECHNIQUE AND ESSENTIAL FUZZY RULES FOR DEFUZZIFYING NUCLEAR EVENT FAILURE POSSIBILITIES INTO RELIABILITY DATA', UNCERTAINTY MODELING IN KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING AND DECISION MAKING, The 10th International FLINS Conference, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Lt., Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 1208-1213.

Qayyum, U & Kim, J 1970, 'Global optimal solution to SLAM problem with unknown initial estimates', ICINCO 2012 - Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics, pp. 76-83.
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The paper presents a practical approach for finding the globally optimal solution to SLAM. Traditional methods are based upon local optimization based strategies and are highly susceptible to local minima due to non-convex nature of the SLAM problem. We employed the nonlinear global optimization based approach to SLAM by exploiting the theoretical limit on the numbers of local minima. Our work is not reliant on good initial guess, whereas existing approaches in SLAM literature assume good starting point to avoid local minima problem. The paper presents experimental results on different datasets to validate the robustness of the approach, finding the global basin of attraction with unknown initial guess. Copyright © 2012 SciTePress.

Qayyum, U & Kim, J 1970, 'Seamless aiding of inertial-slam using Visual Directional Constraints from a monocular vision', 2012 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2012 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2012), IEEE, IEEE, pp. 4205-4210.
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Qin, L, Yu, JX & Chang, L 1970, 'Diversifying Top-K Results', CoRR, International Conference on Very Large Databases, ACM, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 1124-1135.
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Top-k query processing finds a list of κ results that have largest scores w.r.t the user given query, with the assumption that all the κ results are independent to each other. In practice, some of the top-κ results returned can be very similar to each other. As a result some of the top-κ results returned are redundant. In the literature, diversified top-κ search has been studied to return κ results that take both score and diversity into consideration. Most existing solutions on diversified top-κ search assume that scores of all the search results are given, and some works solve the diversity problem on a specific problem and can hardly be extended to general cases. In this paper, we study the diversified top-κ search problem. We define a general diversified top-κ search problem that only considers the similarity of the search results themselves. We propose a framework, such that most existing solutions for topk query processing can be extended easily to handle diversified top-κ search, by simply applying three new functions, a sufficient stop condition sufficient a necessary stop condition necessary and an algorithm for diversified top-κ search on the current set of generated results, div-search-current . We propose three new algorithms, namely, div-astar, div-dp, and div-cut to solve the div-search-current problem. div-astar is an A* based algorithm, div-dp is an algorithm that decomposes the results into components which are searched using div-astar independently and combined using dynamic programming. div-cut further decomposes the current set of generated results using cut points and combines the results using sophisticated operations. We conducted extensive performance studies using two real datasets, enwiki and reuters. Our div-cut algorithm finds the optimal solution for diversified top-κ search problem in seconds even for κ as large as 2, 000. © 2012 VLDB Endowment.

Qin, PY, Ding, C & Guo, YJ 1970, 'A high-gain beam-steering quasi-yagi antenna', IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, AP-S International Symposium (Digest), IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, IEEE, IEEE, pp. 122-125.
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Recently, beam-steering reconfigurable antennas have gained considerable attention due to their capability of enhancing the performance of wireless communication systems [1]-[5]. By changing the main beam direction, they have the potential to avoid noise sources, to mitigate the multipath fading, to provide larger coverage, and to save energy. Unfortunately, most of the currently reported beam steering antennas suffer from either the low realized gain or the very small overlapped impedance bandwidth. In [1] and [2], rectangular single-arm spiral antennas are employed to realize beam scanning. The gains of the antennas in [1] and [2] are between 3-6 dBi and 4 dBi, respectively, and the bandwidths of the two antennas are about 6% (axial ratio bandwidth) and about 1.4% (50MHz at 3.7 GHz), respectively. In addition, a four-element L-shaped antenna array is proposed that can switch the main beam to 8 directions [3]. The gain of this design is around -0.5-2.1 dBi and the impedance bandwidth is 4% (2.42-2.54 GHz). In [4], a reconfigurable patch-slot-ring antenna is designed with both elevation and azimuth beam switching. The 6-dB impedance bandwidth for all modes is 2.6% centred at 2.05 GHz, and the measured peak gains are 6.1-6.7 dBi. Furthermore, a beam-tilting pattern reconfigurable microstrip parasitic dipole array is shown in [5] with an impedance bandwidth of 5%. The gain of this antenna is not reported. There is no doubt that the small impedance bandwidth or the low gain of the above antennas can significantly limit their applications. © 2012 IEICE.

Qin, P-Y, Guo, YJ & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'Experimental analysis of a polarization reconfigurable antenna for MIMO systems', 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, IEEE, pp. 638-642.
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Qinxue Meng & Kennedy, PJ 1970, 'Using Field of Research Codes to Discover Research Groups from Co-authorship Networks', 2012 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining, 2012 International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM 2012), IEEE, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 289-293.
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Nowadays, academic collaboration has become more prevalent and crucial than ever before and many studies of academic collaboration analysis are implemented based on coauthor ship networks. This paper aims to build a novel coauthor ship network by importing field of research codes based on Newman's model, and then analyze and extract research groups via spectral clustering. In order to explain the effectiveness of this revised network, we take the academic collaboration at the University of Technology, Sydney (UTS) as an example. The result of this study advances methods for selecting the most prolific research groups and individuals in research institutions, and provides scientific evidence for policymakers to manage laboratories and research groups more efficiently in the future.

Qu, Z, Wang, J, Xu, M & Lu, H 1970, 'A Grid Based Resizing Framework via Effectively Combining Cropping with Warping', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP 2012, IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, IEEE Computer Society, Lake Buena Vista, Florida, USA, pp. 2997-3000.
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Image retargeting is a problem of adapting images to arbitrary aspect ratios in order to maximize users browsing experience. As two major solutions for image retargeting, warping and cropping have their own advantages and limitations respectively. In this paper, a grid based resizing framework is proposed for effectively combining warping with cropping. Firstly, warping preserves more important content within the cropping window through retaining the aspect ratios of salient grids and distorting the non-salient ones. Secondly, cropping provides extra space for warping to absorb the spatial deformation and assures the important content is retained in retargeted image simultaneously. Finally the objective function is formulated as two energy terms for warping and cropping respectively. And, a nonlinear optimization is applied to obtain the retargeting results. Our approach could make warping and cropping complement each other, and improve the quality of retargeted image effectively. Experiments and comparisons on the ReTargetMe dataset demonstrate the superiority of our approach.

Radmanesh, N, Burnett, IS & IEEE 1970, 'Wideband Sound Reproduction in a 2D Multi-zone System Using a Combined Two-stage Lasso-LS Algorithm', 2012 IEEE 7TH SENSOR ARRAY AND MULTICHANNEL SIGNAL PROCESSING WORKSHOP (SAM), IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop (SAM), IEEE, Hoboken, NJ, USA, pp. 453-456.
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This paper addresses the provision of personal soundfields (zones) to multiple listeners in a space for which there are several fixed, virtual sources. For such multizone systems, optimization of speaker positions and weightings is important to reduce the number of active speakers. In this paper a two stage pressure matching optimization is proposed for wideband sound sources (such as speech signals). In the first stage, the least-absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) is used to select the speakers' positions for all sources and frequencies. A second stage then optimizes reproduction using all selected speakers on the basis of regularized least-squares (LS) or Lasso algorithm. The performance of these new, two-stage approaches is investigated for different speaker numbers, frequency range and reproduction angles. Results show that a limited arc of speakers using a two-stage optimization can give up to 38dB improvement in zone normalized squared error over a single-stage LS optimization.

Raduescu, C & Gill, AQ 1970, 'Handling the Complexity of ISD Projects with Agile Methods: A Conceptual Foundation.', ISD, International Conference on Information Systems Development, Springer, Prato Centre, Italy, pp. 417-427.
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Traditional approaches to software and information systems development (ISD) cannot fulfill the challenges presented by the complexity inherent in todays dynamic and changing environments. In this study we argue that ISD projects are socially complex endeavors and suggest that agile development methods display characteristics that justify them as being appropriate for such project environments. We suggest that one theory that justifies the appropriateness of agile methods in such contexts is the complex adaptive systems (CAS) theory. We first argue that ISD projects can be treated as CAS, and second, we assess the alignment between CAS characteristics and agile methods principles. We therefore propose and discuss a preliminary conceptual foundation for handling the complexity of ISD projects with agile methods. Our future research directions seek to investigate the applicability of specific agile methods and develop a comprehensive framework that will offer a validated theoretical justification of better approaches to manage complex ISD projects in practice.

Rafiei, A, Abolhasan, M, Franklin, DR & Safaei, F 1970, 'WSNs Coverage Hole Partial Recovery by Nodes' Constrained and Autonomous Movements Using Virtual alpha-chords', ICWMC 2012, The Eighth International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications, International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications (ICWMC), XPS (Xpert Publishing Services) / IARIA, Venice, pp. 74-80.

Rafiei, A, Al Sabbagh, A & Braun, RM 1970, 'Ubiquity of Body Area Networks in Large Environments', 1st Australian Conference on the Applications of Systems Engineering (ACASE'12), 1st Australian Conference on the Applications of Systems Engineering (ACASE'12), University of Technology, Sydney, Sydney, Australia, pp. 124-125.

Rahman, BMA, Leung, DMH, Kejalakshmy, N, Agrawal, A & Grattan, KTV 1970, 'Finite element solutions of nanophotonics devices', AIP Conference Proceedings, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING 2009: (ICCMSE 2009), AIP, pp. 1283-1286.
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Rahman, MS, Hossain, MJ & Pota, HR 1970, 'Agent based power system transient stability enhancement', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Power System Technology (POWERCON), 2012 IEEE International Conference on Power System Technology (POWERCON 2012), IEEE, Auckland, NEW ZEALAND.
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Rainer, B, Waltl, M, Cheng, E, Shujau, M, Timmerer, C, Davis, S, Burnett, I, Ritz, C & Hellwagner, H 1970, 'Investigating the impact of sensory effects on the Quality of Experience and emotional response in web videos', 2012 Fourth International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience, 2012 Fourth International Workshop on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX 2012), IEEE, Yarra Valley, VIC, Australia, pp. 278-283.
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Multimedia is ubiquitously available online with large amounts of video increasingly consumed through Web sites such as YouTube or Google Video. However, online multimedia typically limits users to visual/auditory stimulus, with onscreen visual media accompanied by audio. The recent introduction of MPEG-V proposed multi-sensory user experiences in multimedia environments, such as enriching video content with so-called sensory effects like wind, vibration, light, etc. In MPEG-V, these sensory effects are represented as Sensory Effect Metadata (SEM), which is additionally associated to the multimedia content. This paper presents three user studies that utilize the sensory effects framework of MPEG-V, investigating the emotional response of users and enhancement of Quality of Experience (QoE) of Web video sequences from a range of genres with and without sensory effects. In particular, the user studies were conducted in Austria and Australia to investigate whether geography and cultural differences affect users' elicited emotional responses and QoE. © 2012 IEEE.

Ramezani, F & Lu, J 1970, 'A COGNITIVE GROUP DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR PROJECTS EVALUATION', UNCERTAINTY MODELING IN KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING AND DECISION MAKING, International Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent technologies in Nuclear Science Conference, World Scientific, Istanbul-Turkey, pp. 231-236.
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In any organization there are some main goals and lots of projects for achieving these goals. For any organization, it is important to determine how much these projects affect on achieving the main goals. This paper proposes a new fuzzy multiple attribute-based decision support system (DSS) for evaluating projects in promoting the goals as such a selection may involve both quantitative and qualitative assessment attributes. In addition the proposed DSS has ability to choose the most appropriate fuzzy ranking method for solving given MADM problem. Also it contains sensitivity analysis system which provides opportunity for analyzing the impacts of attributesâ weights and project sâ performance on achieving organizationsâ goals, and assess the reliability of the decision making process. The proposed DSS can be applied for solving every FMADM problem which needs to rank some alternatives according to some attributes.

Ramezani, F & Lu, J 1970, 'A Fuzzy Group Decision Support System for Projects Evaluation', 14th International Conference on Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty in Knowledge-Based Systems, IPMU 2012, International Conference on Information Processing and Management of Uncertainty, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, CATANIA, ITALY, pp. 160-169.
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In any organization there are some main goals and lots of projects for achieving these goals. For any organization, it is important to determine how much these projects affect on achieving the main goals. This paper proposes a new fuzzy multiple attribute-based decision support system (DSS) for evaluating projects in promoting the goals as such a selection may involve both quantitative and qualitative assessment attributes. There are many fuzzy ranking methods available to solve multi-attribute decision making (MADM) problems. Some are more suitable than other for particular decision problems. The proposed DSS has ability to choose the most appropriate fuzzy ranking method for solving given MADM problem. In addition it contains sensitivity analysis system which provides opportunity for analyzing the impacts of attributes weights and projects performance on achieving organizations goals. A DSS software prototype has been developed on the basis of the proposed DSS which can be applied for solving every FMADM problem which needs to rank some alternatives according to some attributes.

Rashid, U, Tuan, HD & Nguyen, HH 1970, 'Maximin relay beamforming in multi-user amplify-forward wireless relay networks', 2012 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), 2012 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 3008-3012.
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This paper considers beamforming problem in relay-assisted multi-user communication and presents an efficient algorithm to solve Min-max optimization of information throughput under limited power resources. We use DC programming and penalty function method to handle the inherent non-convexity of the associated objective function and follow an iterative procedure to solve for the global optimal beamforming vector. Extensive simulations are performed to establish the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm over conventional techniques based on randomization. © 2012 IEEE.

Rashid, U, Tuan, HD, Apkarian, P & Kha, HH 1970, 'Multisensor data fusion in nonlinear Bayesian filtering', 2012 Fourth International Conference on Communications and Electronics (ICCE), 2012 Fourth International Conference on Communications and Electronics (ICCE), IEEE, Hue, Vietnam, pp. 351-354.
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In this paper, an optimal multisensor data fusion method is proposed to estimate the state of a highly nonlinear dynamic model. Data fusion from spatially distributed sensors is expressed as a semi definite program (SDP) that aims at minimizing mean-squared error (MSE) of the state estimate under total transmit power constraints. Furthermore, a Bayesian filtering technique, based on unscented transformations and linear fractional transformations (LFT), is presented under multisensor framework to implement the SDP. Extensive simulations are performed to justify effectiveness of the proposed multisensor scheme over a single sensor supplied with the same power budget as that of the entire sensor network.

Ray, I, Yan, Z, Yu, S & Liu, L 1970, 'Message from TrustCom Workshop/Symposium Chairs', 2012 IEEE 11th International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications, 2012 IEEE 11th International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom), IEEE, p. 32.
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Rehman, ZU, Hussain, OK & Hussain, FK 1970, 'Iaas Cloud Selection using MCDM Methods', 2012 NINTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON E-BUSINESS ENGINEERING (ICEBE), IEEE International Conference on e-Business Engineering, IEEE, Hangzhou, China, pp. 246-251.
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The popularity of cloud computing and IaaS has spawned numerous cloud service providers which offer various cloud services, including IaaS, to cloud users. These services vary considerably in terms of their performance and cost and the selection of a suitable cloud service becomes a complex decision making issue for a cloud service user. Furthermore, the cloud services have several attributes all of which are the criteria that have to be taken into account when making a service selection decision. In the presence of these multiple criteria, a compromise has to be made because in most real-world situations, no single service exceeds all other services in all criteria but one service may be better in terms of some of the criteria while other services may outperform it if judged on the basis of the remaining criteria. Multi-criteria decision-making is a sub-field in operations research that deals with the techniques to solve such multi-criteria problems. There are several methods of multicriteria decision-making. In this paper, we use key multi-criteria decision-making methods for IaaS cloud service selection in a case study which contains five basic performance measurements of thirteen cloud services by a third party monitoring service. We demonstrate the use of these multi-criteria methods for cloud service selection and compare the results obtained by using each method to find out how the choice of a particular MCDM method affects the outcome of the decision-making process for IaaS cloud service selection.

Rijal, R, Samali, B, Shrestha, R, Gerber, G & Crews, K 1970, 'Dynamic performance of timber flooring systems', From Materials to Structures: Advancement through Innovation - Proceedings Of The 22nd Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, CRC Press, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1065-1070.
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This paper presents the modal parameters of a LVL timber flooring system with overall dimensions of 8.4Ã1.8m acquired from its finite element (FE) model. The FE model of the floor was created by joining three identical models of a timber floor module (beam) side by side rigidly. The overall length of each floor module was 8.4m and width of top flange was 0.6 m. The individual modules were tested under application of impact load using modal hammer under identical pin-roller boundary conditions. The calibrated FE model of the module was extended to model the flooring system. The behaviour of the floor is assessed based on the modal parameters. Results from the FE model will be correlated with results from experimental tests to be conducted in near future on the floor with the given dimensions at University of Technology Sydney.

Rismanchi, B, Saidur, R, Masjuki, HH & Mahlia, TMI 1970, 'Cost-benefit analysis of using cold thermal energy storage systems in building applications', Energy Procedia, 2nd International Conference on Advances in Energy Engineering (ICAEE), Elsevier BV, Bangkok, THAILAND, pp. 493-498.
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Rizoiu, M-A, Velcin, J & Lallich, S 1970, 'Structuring Typical Evolutions Using Temporal-Driven Constrained Clustering.', ICTAI, IEEE 24th International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (ICTAI), IEEE Computer Society, Athens, GREECE, pp. 610-617.
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In this paper, we propose a new time-aware dissimilarity measure that takes into account the temporal dimension. Observations that are close in the description space, but distant in time are considered as dissimilar. We also propose a method to enforce the segmentation contiguity, by introducing, in the objective function, a penalty term inspired from the Normal Distribution Function. We combine the two propositions into a novel time-driven constrained clustering algorithm, called TDCK-Means, which creates a partition of coherent clusters, both in the multidimensional space and in the temporal space. This algorithm uses soft semi-supervised constraints, to encourage adjacent observations belonging to the same entity to be assigned to the same cluster. We apply our algorithm to a Political Studies dataset in order to detect typical evolution phases. We adapt the Shannon entropy in order to measure the entity contiguity, and we show that our proposition consistently improves temporal cohesion of clusters, without any significant loss in the multidimensional variance. © 2012 IEEE.

Roeva, O, Shannon, A & Pencheva, T 1970, 'Description of simple genetic algorithm modifications using Generalized Nets', 2012 6th IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, 2012 6th IEEE International Conference Intelligent Systems (IS), IEEE, Sofia, Bulgaria, pp. 178-183.
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The apparatus of Generalized Nets (GN) is applied here to describe different kinds of genetic algorithms (GA). Failure of conventional optimization methods to lead to a satisfied solution in parameter identification of non-linear and time-dependent parameters provokes an idea some stochastic algorithms to be applied. As such genetic algorithms (GA), as a promising metaheuristic technique, are widely used. Different modifications of simple genetic algorithms (SGA) have been investigated and successfully applied to parameter identification of fermentation processes aiming to improve the model accuracy and the algorithm convergence time. Altogether six modifications of SGA have been proposed with a different sequence of implementation of basic genetic operators selection, crossover and mutation. In the present GN model the user is allowed to choose the sequence of execution of main GA operators, thus resulting in one of the six considered here modifications of SGA. © 2012 IEEE.

Rooney, D, Boud, D, Reich, A, Fitzgerald, T, Willey, K, Gardner, A & IEEE 1970, 'Using practice theory to investigate professional engineers' workplace learning', 2012 FRONTIERS IN EDUCATION CONFERENCE (FIE), IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference, IEEE, Oklahoma City, Seattle, pp. 1031-1036.
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This paper reports on the first phase of an Australian inter-disciplinary partnership study concerned with professional learning of experienced engineers. It is a theoretically motivated, qualitative paper that aims to produce detailed descriptions of professional learning that arise within professional engineering work. The paper uses practice theory to conceptualise professional learning. By using 'practices' as the units of analysis, professional learning is understood as an integral part of everyday work practices that is embodied, relational and material rather than an individual attribute. The paper concludes by suggesting that practice theory may provide organisations with an alternative perspective of workplace learning, inviting them to reconsider how professional learning is acknowledged, rewarded and fostered in organisations. © 2012 IEEE.

Rooney, DL, Reich, AJ, Willey, K, Gardner, AP & Boud, DJ 1970, 'Site walks as a learning practice for professional engineers', Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference for the Australasian Association for Engineering Education - The Profession of Engineering Education: Advancing Teaching, Research and Careers, AAEE - Annual Conference of Australasian Association for Engineering Education, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, pp. 1-9.
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It is well recognised that changes in the contemporary world demand that professionals continuously learn. Often this continual professional learning takes the shape of formal courses, seminars and other obviously educational events. The starting point of this paper is an acknowledgement that people also learn in the day-to-day practices that constitute their work. Work can be understood as a bundle of practices that are typically shared by most people employed in that profession. For engineers, and experienced engineers in particular, an example might be attending design review meetings, toolbox talks and or carrying out site walks. In this paper we posit that these practices afford important opportunities for professional learning.

Roy, NK, Pota, HR, Hossain, MJ & Cornforth, D 1970, 'An effective VAR planning to improve dynamic voltage profile of distribution networks with distributed wind generation', 2012 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2012 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting. New Energy Horizons - Opportunities and Challenges, IEEE.
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This paper proposes an effective VAR planning based on reactive power margin for the enhancement of dynamic voltage stability in distribution networks with distributed wind generation. The analysis is carried over a distribution test system representative of the Kumamoto area in Japan. The detailed mathematical modeling of the system is also presented. Firstly, this paper provides simulation results showing the effects of composite load on voltage dynamics in the distribution network through an accurate time-domain analysis. Then, a cost-effective combination of shunt capacitor bank and distribution static synchronous compensator (D-STATCOM) is selected to ensure fast voltage recovery after a sudden disturbance. The analysis shows that the proposed approach can reduce the size of compensating devices, which in turn, reduces the cost. It also reduces power loss of the system. © 2012 IEEE.

Roy, NK, Pota, HR, Hossain, MJ & Cornforth, D 1970, 'Impact of SCIG and DFIG type wind turbine on the stability of distribution networks: Static and dynamic aspects', 2012 11th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering, 2012 11th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC), IEEE, pp. 543-548.
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This paper presents potential barriers to integrate the squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG) and doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) type wind turbine in distribution networks. The analysis is carried out over a 16 bus distribution test system. Both static and dynamic analyses are performed to see the impact of two different generators on the distribution system. The simulation results show that both SCIG and DFIG type wind turbines have significant impact on the static voltage stability, power loss, and dynamic behavior of the system, which should be taken into account to improve systems performance before integrating wind generation in existing distribution networks. © 2012 IEEE.

Rujikiatkamjorn, C, Heitor, A & Indraratna, B 1970, 'The effect of dry unit weight, suction and imparted energy on the modulus of a compacted mixture of sand and kaolin', ADVANCES IN TRANSPORTATION GEOTECHNICS II, 2nd International Conference on Transportation Geotechnics (ICTG), CRC Press, JAPAN, pp. 440-445.
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Rujikiatkamjorn, C, Indraratna, B & Bergado, DT 1970, '3D Numerical Modeling of Hexagonal Wire Mesh Reinforced Embankment on Soft Bangkok Clay', GeoCongress 2012, GeoCongress 2012, American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 2263-2272.
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The numerical modeling of the full scale test embankment reinforced with hexagonal wire mesh was analyzed using finite difference method under threedimensional (3D) conditions to reflect the actual embankment dimensions. In the analysis, the 3D finite difference simulation using 5 times of vertical laboratory permeability can reasonably predict its behavior on soft foundation. In comparison with the field measurements, the predicted results from 3D analysis reasonably agreed with measured data including vertical settlement, excess pore pressures and lateral displacements. Thus, the actual embankment geometry and the selected permeability influenced the behavior of the reinforced embankment constructed on soft ground foundation. The simulated maximum tension lines in the reinforcements tend to follow the coherent gravity failure plane. The maximum tension at the bottom of the reinforced embankment occurred near midpoint portion away from the facing due to the settlement profile of the soft soil foundation. © 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers.

Rujikiatkamjorn, C, Indraratna, B & Fatahi, B 1970, 'Numerical prediction of unsaturated ground behavior influenced by vegetation and vacuum consolidation', 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Unsaturated Soils 2012, Asia-Pacific Conference on Unsaturated Soils Theory and Practice, Kasetsart University, Thailand, pp. 701-706.
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Bioengineering including native vegetation is an ancient method of improving the stability of slopes. In modern railway engineering, this technique is re-captured for increasing the soil stiffness and shear strength of subgrade beneath rail tracks. Currently this practice has become increasingly popular in Australia for stabilising railway corridors built over expansive clays and compressive soft soils. This paper looks at the stabilisation role by suction generated by both the natural vegetation and the artificial vacuum application using the numerical analysis. For demonstrating the role of native vegetation, a mathematical model for the rate of root water uptake was incorporated in the analysis. The soil moisture content distribution and the soil marric suction profile adjacent to the tree were numerically captured based on the general effective stress theory of unsaturated soil. For vacuum application, the equivalent plane strain theory was employed to simulate radial consolidation and artificially applied suction. The performance of both techniques on track constructed on soft formation was discussed and compared in terms of settlement and associated pore pressure.

Rujikiatkamjorn, C, Indraratna, B, Ngo, NT & Coop, M 1970, 'A laboratory study of railway ballast behaviour under various fouling degree', GA 2012 - 5th Asian Regional Conference on Geosynthetics: Geosynthetics for Sustainable Adaptation to Climate Change, pp. 507-514.
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This paper presents a laboratory study of interface behavior between ballast and geogrid under various degree of fouling by coal fines. The stress-displacement behaviour of fresh and fouled ballast with geogrid was investigated through a series of large-scale direct shear tests where the fouling degree varied from 0% to 95% Void Contamination Index (VCI), at normal stresses ranging from 15kPa to 75kPa. The results showed that geogrid enhances the shear strength and increases apparent angle of shearing resistance, while only slightly reduces the vertical displacement of the composite geogrid-ballast system. However, when ballast was contaminated by coal fines, the influences of geogrid reinforcement decreased in proportion to the increasing level of fouling. A conceptual normalized shear strength model was introduced to calculate this decrease in peak shear stress and peak angle of shearing resistance caused by coal fouling.

Rujikiatkamjorn, C, Ngo, NT, Indraratna, B, J. S, V & Coop, M 1970, 'Simulation of Fresh and Fouled Ballast Behavior using Discrete Element Method', Proceedings of the International Conference on Ground Improvement & Ground Control, International Conference on Ground Improvement & Ground Control, Research Publishing Services, pp. 1585-1591.
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Sabbagh, AAL, Braun, R & Abolhasan, M 1970, 'A mobility optimization CRRM approach for Next Generation Wireless Networks', 2012 International Conference on Computer & Information Science (ICCIS), 2012 International Conference on Computer & Information Science (ICCIS), IEEE, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, pp. 609-613.
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Next Generation Wireless Networks (NGWN) are predicted to be heterogeneous in nature. This is achieved through the integration of different Radio Access Technologies (RATs) over a common platform. Common Radio Resource Management (CRRM) was proposed to manage radio resource utilization in heterogeneous wireless networks and to provide required Quality of Service (QoS) for allocated calls. RAT selection algorithms are an integral part of the CRRM algorithms. Their role is to decide, when a new or Vertical Handover (VHO) call is requested, which of the available RATs is most suitable to fit the need of the incoming call and when to admit them. In this paper, we propose an intelligent hybrid RAT selection approach for mobility optimization (patent pending) which includes sorting available RATs, collecting information on each RAT using the IEEE P1900.4 Protocol, and making decisions for selecting the most suitable RAT for incoming calls. A comparison for the performance of centralized load-balancing, distributed and the proposed mobility optimization algorithms is presented in terms of new calls blocking probability, VHO calls dropping probability and satisfactions probability. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm performs better than the centralized load-balancing and distributed algorithms in terms of blocking, dropping and satisfactions probabilities. © 2012 IEEE.

Saberi, M, Azadeh, A, Saberi, Z & Pazhoheshfar, P 1970, 'A knowledge management system based on artificial intelligence (AI) methods: A flexible fuzzy regression-analysis of variance algorithm for natural gas consumption estimation', 2012 International Conference on Information Retrieval & Knowledge Management, 2012 International Conference on Information Retrieval & Knowledge Management (CAMP), IEEE, pp. 143-147.
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A knowledge management (KM) system has a different schema that one of them has been studied in the present study. One of version of KM is based on artificial intelligence (AI) methods. KM based on AI has been investigated in the present work based on natural gas consumption estimation domain. Developing accurate and flexible model to natural gas consumption estimation is a strategic step in policy and decision-making process in energy sector. This paper provides a stage algorithm during that it gains optimal fuzzy regression model for studding natural gas consumption in sixteen countries according to data in years 1989 till 2007. Different countries have selected from Africa, America, Asia, Europe and Middle East based on high, middle and low GDP index and for every one of them nine fuzzy regression models have executed and the results and error of each model have calculated. Preprocess has been done on the initial data to gain better results which the min-max method has been used for this purpose. Two criterions have been used to determining suitable and appropriate fuzzy regression model in each country. Firstly, fuzzy regression models with MAPE value below 10 is deleted from the assessment and remained fuzzy regression models are compared with ANOVA. Upon logic that given algorithm sketches for some countries none of used models are proper while for other countries optimal model is gained in first or second filter of algorithm. To show the applicability and superiority of the proposed flexible Fuzzy regression model the data for oil consumption in Japan, Thailand, Bangladesh from Asia and Norway, Italy, Bulgaria from Europe and Qatar, Iran, Iraq from Middle East and The united state, Mexico, Bolivia from North America and Libya, Tunisia, Nigeria from Africa during 1989 to 2007 are used. © 2012 IEEE.

Sadeghi Hokmabadi, A, Fatahi, B, Far, H & Samali, B 1970, 'Effects of soil-pile-structure interaction on seismic response of moment resisting buildings on soft soil', 3rd International Conference on New Developments in Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Near East University Press, Turkey, Turkey, pp. 377-385.
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Dynamic response of structures sitting on soft soils is influenced by the soil properties, and the response is significantly different to the fixed base condition owing to the interaction between the ground and the structure, In order to study this effect, a fifteen storey moment resisting building frame, representing a conventional type of regular mid-rise building frame, resting ,on soil type Ee according to Australian Earthquake action code with the shear wave velocity equal to 150 mls is adopted. The numerical analysis using FLAC2D software is carried out for three different cases, namely: (1) fixed-base structure representing the situation excluding the soil-structure interaction (SSI); (2) structure supported by shallow foundation on soft soil; and (3) structure supported by pile foundation in soft soil. Benchmark earthquakes including the 1995 Kobe, the 1994 Northridge, the 1968 Hachinohe, and the 1940 EI Centro earthquakes are adopted. Results indicate that considering soil-structure interaction in both cases with shallow and pile fouudations is vital, and the conventional desigu procedure excluding soil-structure interaction is not adequate to guarantee the structural safety for the moment resisting buildings resting on the soft soil.

Saha, SC & Gu, YT 1970, 'Thermo-magnetic convection of paramagnetic fluids with non-instantaneous heating', Proceedings of the 18th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, AFMC 2012.
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The unsteady boundary-layer development for thermo-magnetic convection of paramagnetic fluids inside a square cavity has been considered in this study. The cavity is placed in a microgravity condition (no gravitation acceleration) and under a uniform magnetic field which acts vertically. A ramp temperature boundary condition is applied on left vertical side wall of the cavity where the temperature initially increases with time up to some specific time and maintain constant thereafter. A distinct magnetic convection boundary layer is developed adjacent to the left vertical wall due to the effect of the magnetic body force generated on the paramagnetic fluid. An improved scaling analysis has been performed using triple-layer integral method and verified by numerical simulations. The Prandtl number has been chosen greater than unity varied over 5-100. Moreover, the effect of various values of the magnetic parameter and magnetic Rayleigh number on the fluid flow and heat transfer has been shown.

Saito, K, Kitao, K, Imai, T & Miura, S 1970, 'Human-body shadowing modeling for indoor quasi-static MIMO channels', ISAPE2012, 2012 10th International Symposium on Antennas, Propagation & EM Theory (ISAPE - 2012), IEEE, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Massive MIMO can dramatically improve capacity and spectral efficiency. However, it is not very clear whether it can significantly improve the signal blockage problem that exists in single antenna systems. In this paper, we investigate the impact of the human body on indoor massive MIMO channels, using practically measured channel data for a 32x8 massive MIMO system in a complex office environment. We introduce a parameter of Power Imbalance (PI) indices to estimate the wide-sense none-stationarity in multiple domains and another parameter of Channel Popularity Indices (CPI) to predict the popularity of MIMO channel. We find that in most cases, the presence of the human body still has a non- negligible negative impact. It decreases the ergodic capacity by about 8% and increases the path loss exponent by 1. In average, the ergodic capacity for NLOS channels are 15% higher than that for LOS.

Sakal, A, Ball, JE, Seed, AW & Larsen, J 1970, 'Ensemble Hydro-meteorological Forecast for the Nattai Catchment', Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Hydroinformatics 'Understanding Changing Climate and Environment and Finding Solutions', International Conference on Hydroinformatics, TuTech Verlag - TuTech Innovation GmbH, Hamburg, Germany, pp. 1-7.
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Australia is one of the driest inhabited continents on earth with extremely variable climate conditions, characterised with high intensity short duration rainfall events or long lasting droughts. These dynamic climate conditions introduce a challenge to develop an accurate and reliable forecasting system. To enable effective operational decisions under those conditions an integrated hydro-meteorological forecasting system has been developed. This integrated forecasting system utilises the Short Term Ensemble Prediction System (STEPS) for rainfall forecasts along with the spatially distributed physically based hydrological model Mike SHE to capture these spatial rainfall variations. The STEPS rainfall forecasting scheme merges an extrapolation radar rainfall forecast with a high resolution Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) to predict the rainfall field over the catchment. The Mike SHE catchment model is used then to forecast river discharge at the catchment outlet. Presented in this paper is the integration of the STEPS meteorological forecast with the catchment model Mike SHE and its application to the Nattai Catchment embedded in the Mike FloodWatch real-time forecasting shell.

Salman, N, Guo, YJ, Kemp, AH & Ghogho, M 1970, 'Analysis of linear least square solution for RSS based localization', 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia, pp. 1051-1054.
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Positioning of wireless devices has received a great deal of interest from researchers in the last decade. In order to locate nodes in low complexity and power efficient networks, the received signal strength (RSS) based positioning systems have been the center of focus. RSS based localization needs no additional hardware and hence is favored for low complexity and cheap localization networks. A major source of error in RSS location estimation is due to shadowing effects in multipath wireless channels. In this paper we analyze the performance of RSS location estimator based on the linear least square approach. We derive expressions for mean square error (MSE) and bias of location estimates. The theoretical analysis is compared with simulation results and it is observed that the analysis accurately predicts the performance of the location estimation. We also discuss the impact of reference node placement on estimation bias. © 2012 IEEE.

San, PP, Ling, SH, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization Based Normalized Radial Basis Function Neural Network For Hypoglycemia Detection', 2012 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS (IJCNN), IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, IEEE, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 2718-2723.
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In this study, a normalized radial basis function neural network (NRBFNN) is presented for detection of hypoglycemia episodes by using physiological parameters of electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. ypoglycemia is a common and serious side effect of insulin therapy in patients with Type 1 diabetes. Based on heart rate (HR) and corrected QT interval (QTc) of electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, a hybrid particle swarm optimization based normalized RBFNN is developed for recognization of hypoglycemia episodes. A global learning algorithm called hybrid particle swarm optimization with wavelet mutation (HPSOWM) is used to optimize the parameters of NRBFNN. From a clinical study of 15 children with Type 1 diabetes, natural occurrence of nocturnal hypoglycemic episodes associated with increased heart rates and corrected QT interval are studied. The overall data are organized into a training set (5 patients), validation set (5 patients) and testing set (5 patients) randomly selected. Using the optimized NRBFNN, the testing performance for detection of hypoglycemic episodes are satisfactory with 76.74% of sensitivity and 51.82% of specificity.

San, PP, Ling, SH, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'Intelligent Detection of Hypoglycemic Episodes in Children with Type 1 Diabetes using Adaptive Neural-Fuzzy Inference System', 2012 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC), International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE Xplore, San Diego, CA, USA, pp. 6325-6328.
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Hypoglycemia, or low blood glucose, is the most common complication experienced by Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. It is dangerous and can result in unconsciousness, seizures and even death. The most common physiological parameter to be effected from hypoglycemic reaction are heart rate (HR) and correct QT interval (QTc) of the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. Based on physiological parameters, an intelligent diagnostics system, using the hybrid approach of adaptive neural fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), is developed to recognize the presence of hypoglycemia. The proposed ANFIS is characterized by adaptive neural network capabilities and the fuzzy inference system. To optimize the membership functions and adaptive network parameters, a global learning optimization algorithm called hybrid particle swarm optimization with wavelet mutation (HPSOWM) is used. For clinical study, 15 children with Type 1 diabetes volunteered for an overnight study. All the real data sets are collected from the Department of Health, Government of Western Australia. Several experiments were conducted with 5 patients each, for a training set (184 data points), a validation set (192 data points) and a testing set (153 data points), which are randomly selected. The effectiveness of the proposed detection method is found to be satisfactory by giving better sensitivity, 79.09% and acceptable specificity, 51.82%. © 2012 IEEE.

Satsangi, R, Vessalas, K & Russell, S 1970, 'Assessment of bottom ash use as fine aggregate replacement in concrete', From Materials to Structures: Advancement Through Innovation - Proceedings of the 22nd Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, ACMSM 2012, Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, CRC Press, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA, pp. 1183-1186.
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Concrete is the most common construction material used worldwide. Fine aggregate constitutes approximately 25% of the total volume of concrete. Currently, most fine aggregate used in concrete consists of naturally occurring sands, which are sourced from sand quarries. In the future, Sydney will face a sand shortage, with most quarries becoming exhausted. This will likely lead to increased demand in using sands hauled from longer distances, adversely impacting the environment. This project investigates the feasibility of using bottom ash (BA) as a novel sand replacement in concrete. BA is defined as a by-product of coal burning power stations. The BAs used in this study were sourced from 3 different power stations in NSW to assess the practicality of using BA for replacement of sand in concrete. Compared to control concrete, Bayswater BA concretes showed improved performance at 20% replacement of sand content with higher compressive strength and lower drying shrinkage. © 2013 Taylor & Francis Group.

Schulte, J, Duc, NA, Hoang, DB, Elliott, D, McKinley, S & Nanda, P 1970, 'A remote sensor-based 6-minute functional walking ability test', 2012 IEEE Sensors, 2012 IEEE Sensors, IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 1-4.
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This paper proposes and implements an integrated remote sensor-based 6-minute walk test (6MWT) for monitoring a patient's clinical condition and correlate this data to the walking activity that the patient is performing to assess his/her functional ability and physical performance. The 6MWT is known to be one of the most effective rehabilitation tests for a clinician to assess individuals with a variety of clinical conditions including survivors of a critical illness. Our method deploys body sensors for measuring health conditions and an on-body accelerometer for detecting motion. An intelligent algorithm was developed to detect a walk step, count the number of steps, and dynamically derive the step distance based on an individual's real-time walking parameters. The path and the derived walk distance are then related to their vital signs to assess their functional ability under various walk conditions. Our remote 6MWT is being considered for a telehealth rehabilitation procedure in an integrated assistive healthcare system. © 2012 IEEE.

Schwitter, BK, Heimlich, MC, Fattorini, AP & Tarazi, J 1970, 'Steady state and transient thermal analyses of GaAs pHEMT devices', WAMICON 2012 IEEE Wireless & Microwave Technology Conference, 2012 IEEE 13th Annual Wireless and Microwave Technology Conference: An IEEE Industry/ Government/Education Conf. (WAMICON), IEEE.
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Sepas-Moghaddam, A, Arabshahi, A, Yazdani, D & Dehshibi, MM 1970, 'A novel hybrid algorithm for optimization in multimodal Dynamic environments', 2012 12th International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems (HIS), 2012 12th International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems (HIS), IEEE, pp. 143-148.
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Objective function or the constraints and consequently the optimal value of the problem can be changed during time in Dynamic optimization problems. There are several challenges in dynamic environments, so that algorithms designed for optimization in these environments would utilize several mechanisms in order to conquer the challenges. In this paper, a novel hybrid algorithm for optimization in dynamic environments, called HPSOLS, is proposed based on particle swarm optimization and local search approaches. In this approach, it aims to increase the ability of local search around optimum with focusing on best found peak in each environment. The results of the proposed approach are evaluated using moving peak benchmark, which is currently the most well-known benchmark for evaluating dynamic environments, and are compared with results of several state-of-the-art algorithms in this domain. Experimental results show that the efficiency of the proposed method outperforms that of other algorithms in this domain. © 2012 IEEE.

Shafie, SM, T.M.I.Mahlia, Masjuki, HH & Rismanchi, B 1970, 'Life cycle assessment (LCA) of electricity generation from rice husk in Malaysia', Energy Procedia, 2nd International Conference on Advances in Energy Engineering (ICAEE), Elsevier BV, Bangkok, THAILAND, pp. 499-504.
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Shangguan, Q, Hu, L, Cao, J & Xu, G 1970, 'Book Recommendation Based on Joint Multi-relational Model', 2012 Second International Conference on Cloud and Green Computing, 2012 International Conference on Cloud and Green Computing (CGC), IEEE, Xiangtan, China, pp. 523-530.
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Shannon, A, Riecan, B, Orozova, D, Sotirova, E, Atanassov, K, Krawczak, M, Melo-Pinto, P, Parvathi, R & Kim, T 1970, 'Generalized net model of the process of selection and usage of an intelligent e-learning system', 2012 6th IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, 2012 6th IEEE International Conference Intelligent Systems (IS), IEEE, Sofia, Bulgaria, pp. 233-236.
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A generalized net model of the process of selection and usage of an intelligent e-learning system is constructed. An evaluation of the results of the learning is done. This work is a follow up of previous authors' research in this area. © 2012 IEEE.

Shariati, N, Rowe, WST, Ghorbani, K & IEEE 1970, 'RF Field Investigation and Maximum Available Power Analysis for Enhanced RF Energy Scavenging', 2012 42ND EUROPEAN MICROWAVE CONFERENCE (EUMC), Conference on European Microwave Week Connecting the World, pp. 329-332.
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RF energy harvesting is attracting widespread interest to meet the goal of providing sustainable energy sources for future growth and protection of the environment. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of RF energy harvesting, RF field investigations and analysis of maximum available power in the suburbs of Melbourne, Australia are conducted. Measurement results and analysis indicate that broadcasting system at 540 MHz (with 20 MHz bandwidth) and 100 MHz (88-108 MHz) are great scavenging sources. These frequency ranges provide stable RF signal levels and low propagation loss, produce maximum available power to a range of locations. In addition, broadcasting bands offer a great deal of flexibility to deploy simple and cost-effective implementations, which is of paramount importance for optimal power harvesting systems. © 2012 EUROPEAN MICROWAVE ASSOC.

Sharma, N, Pal, U & Blumenstein, M 1970, 'Recent Advances in Video Based Document Processing: A Review', 2012 10th IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems, 2012 10th IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems (DAS), IEEE, Gold Coast, Australia, pp. 63-68.
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Extraction and recognition of text present in video has become a very popular research area in the last decade. Generally, text present in video frames is of different size, orientation, style, etc. with complex backgrounds, noise, low resolution and contrast. These factors make the automatic text extraction and recognition in video frames a challenging task. A large number of techniques have been proposed by various researchers in the recent past to address the problem. This paper presents a review of various state-of-the-art techniques proposed towards different stages (e.g. detection, localization, extraction, etc.) of text information processing in video frames. Looking at the growing popularity and the recent developments in the processing of text in video frames, this review imparts details of current trends and potential directions for further research activities to assist researchers. © 2012 IEEE.

Sharma, N, Shivakumara, P, Pal, U, Blumenstein, M & Tan, CL 1970, 'A new method for arbitrarily-oriented text detection in video', Proceedings - 10th IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems, DAS 2012, International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems, IEEE, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Gold Coast, Australia, pp. 74-78.
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Text detection in video frames plays a vital role in enhancing the performance of information extraction systems because the text in video frames helps in indexing and retrieving video efficiently and accurately. This paper presents a new method for arbitrarily-oriented text detection in video, based on dominant text pixel selection, text representatives and region growing. The method uses gradient pixel direction and magnitude corresponding to Sobel edge pixels of the input frame to obtain dominant text pixels. Edge components in the Sobel edge map corresponding to dominant text pixels are then extracted and we call them text representatives. We eliminate broken segments of each text representatives to get candidate text representatives. Then the perimeter of candidate text representatives grows along the text direction in the Sobel edge map to group the neighboring text components which we call word patches. The word patches are used for finding the direction of text lines and then the word patches are expanded in the same direction in the Sobel edge map to group the neighboring word patches and to restore missing text information. This results in extraction of arbitrarily-oriented text from the video frame. To evaluate the method, we considered arbitrarily-oriented data, non-horizontal data, horizontal data, Hua's data and ICDAR-2003 competition data (Camera images). The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the existing method in terms of recall and f-measure. © 2012 IEEE.

Shashikant, V, Shariff, ARM, Nordin, L & Pradhan, B 1970, 'Estimation of above ground biomass of oil palm trees by PALSAR', 2012 IEEE Colloquium on Humanities, Science and Engineering (CHUSER), 2012 IEEE Colloquium on Humanities, Science and Engineering (CHUSER), IEEE, pp. 838-841.
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Shashikant, V, Shariff, ARM, Nordin, L & Pradhan, B 1970, 'NDVI of oil palm trees by landsat-5 Imagery', 33rd Asian Conference on Remote Sensing 2012, ACRS 2012, pp. 1876-1879.
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Oil Palm plantations in Malaysia are managed to allow the optimum yield rate. Most plantations have a series of techniques for managing the palms. Good management provides sound recommendations and reliable management decisions of the oil palm trees. One of the techniques is the application of remote sensing which is used as a tool to determine decisions about the oil palm plantations. It is important that decisions to manage these palms are made based on fair and reliable information. Landsat-5 has capability to determine some of these information and facts. NDVI derived from the Landsat-5 can be used to determine the greenness of these palm plantations. Oil palm trees greenness can be obtained. This information can be used in determining the fertilizer application that contributes to the yield of oil palm plantations.

She, Z, Wang, C & Cao, L 1970, 'CCE: A coupled framework of clustering ensembles', Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI Press, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, pp. 2455-2456.
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Clustering ensemble mainly relies on the pairwise similarity to capture the consensus function. However, it usually considers each base clustering independently, and treats the similarity measure roughly with either 0 or 1. To address these two issues, we propose a coupled framework of clustering ensembles CCE, and exemplify it with the coupled version CCSPA for CSPA. Experiments demonstrate the superiority of CCS/34 over baseline approaches in terms of the clustering accuracy. Copyright © 2012, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence. All rights reserved.

Shearman, L, Gerber, C & Crews, K 1970, 'Stressed cross-laminated-timber for bridge applications', From Materials to Structures: Advancement through Innovation - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 22ND AUSTRALASIAN CONFERENCE ON THE MECHANICS OF STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS, Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, CRC Press, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1071-1076.
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An increasing focus on environmentally suitable construction solutions, EngineeredWood Products (EWPs) are growing in popularity. This project aims is to investigate an EWP decking system applicable for the refurbishment of existing bridges and for new structures. Stress Laminated Timber (SLT) systems have been widely implemented worldwide and provide a structurally sound decking solution for bridges. This technology forms the background of the current research whereby the structural feasibility of stressing Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) â in substitution to solid wood boards â with Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) webs in T beam and cellular systems is investigated. This research focuses on serviceability testing to identify the systemâs behaviour under line loading to characterise the system stiffness and pad loading to understand the load distribution ability of the system. The project includes a review of SLT technology and discusses the application CLT in stressed bridge decking. Laboratory tests have been completed and analysed comprehensively. This analysis includes the system stiffness and load distribution. Recommendations for system improvement and further research are also put forward.

Shen, Y, Miao, Z & Zhang, J 1970, 'Unsupervised online learning trajectory analysis based on weighted directed graph', Proceedings - International Conference on Pattern Recognition, International Conference on Pattern Recognition, IEEE, Tsukuba, Japan, pp. 1306-1309.
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In this paper, we propose a novel unsupervised online learning trajectory analysis method based on weighted directed graph. Each trajectory can be represented as a sequence of key points. In the training stage, unsupervised expectation-maximization algorithm (EM) is applied for training data to cluster key points. Each class is a Gaussian distribution. It is considered as a node of the graph. According to the classification of key points, we can build a weighted directed graph to represent the trajectory network in the scene. Each path is a category of trajectories. In the test stage, we adopt online EM algorithm to classify trajectories and update the graph. In the experiments, we test our approach and obtain a good performance compared with state-of-the-art approaches. © 2012 ICPR Org Committee.

Sheng, D & Zhou, A-N 1970, 'Modeling Unsaturated Soil Behaviour in Stress-Saturation Space', GeoCongress 2012, GeoCongress 2012, American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 2442-2451.
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This paper presents an alternative approach for interpreting unsaturated soil behaviour. In this approach, all constitutive laws are built in the space of stress versus degree of saturation. A new volume change equation is proposed in terms of stress and degree of saturation, to give a better explanation to the non-linear change of soil compressibility under constant suctions. The soil compression index is assumed to be a function of the effective degree of saturation. The yield surface is established in the plane of the effective degree of saturation and the Bishop effective stress. The proposed model is then validated against a variety of experimental data in literature. © 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers.

Shi, L, Kodagoda, S, Dissanayake, G, IEEE & Japan, RSO 1970, 'Application of Semi-supervised Learning with Voronoi Graph for Place Classification', 2012 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS (IROS), IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IEEE, Vilamoura, Algarve, Portugal, pp. 2991-2996.
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Representation of spaces including both geometric and semantic information enables a robot to perform high-level tasks in complex environments. Therefore, in recent years identifying and semantically labeling the environments based on onboard sensors has become an important competency for mobile robots. Supervised learning algorithms have been extensively used for this purpose with SVM-based solutions showing good generalization properties. The CRF-based approaches take the advantage of connectivity information of samples thereby provide a mechanism to capture complex dependencies. Blending the complementary strengths of Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Conditional Random Field (CRF), there have been algorithms to exploit the advantages of both to enhance the overall accuracy of place classification in indoor environments. However, experiments show that none of the above approaches deal well with diversified testing data. In this paper, we focus mainly on the generalization ability of the model and propose a semi-supervised learning strategy, which essentially improves the performance of the system. Experiments have been carried out on six real-world maps from different universities around the world and the results from rigorous testing demonstrate the feasibility of the approach.

Shi, L, Kodagoda, S, Khushaba, R, Dissanayake, G & IEEE 1970, 'Application of CRF and SVM based Semi-supervised Learning for Semantic Labeling of Environments', 2012 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL, AUTOMATION, ROBOTICS & VISION (ICARCV), International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision, IEEE, Guangzhou, pp. 835-840.
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Understanding the environment in both geometric and semantic levels enables a robot to perform high-level tasks in complex environments. Therefore in recent years research towards identifying and semantically labeling the environments based on onboard sensors for mobile robots has been gaining popularity. After the era of heuristic and rule-based approaches, supervised learning algorithms like Support Vector Machines (SVM) and AdaBoost have been extensively used for this purpose showing satisfactory performance. With the introduction of graphical models, approaches like Conditional Random Fields (CRF) which take the advantage of connectivity of samples provide more flexibility to capture complex dependencies. In this paper, we focus on a real-world task which challenges the generalization ability of the model, evaluate some graph based features, propose a semi-supervised learning algorithm by iteratively utilizing the results from SVM and CRF, and suggest a solution for CRF parameter estimation with partially labeled training data. Experiments have been conducted on six realworld indoor environments demonstrating the competence of the algorithm.

Shi, S, Li, JY & Gu, XM 1970, 'A Novel Method of High Frequency Weak Signal Detection Based on Chaotic Oscillator System and Wavelet Transform System', Applied Mechanics and Materials, 3rd International Conference on Mechanical and Electronics Engineering (ICMEE 2011), Trans Tech Publications, Ltd., PEOPLES R CHINA, Hefei, pp. 2770-2773.
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Based on chaotic oscillator system and wavelet transform system, this paper proposes a novel method on high frequency weak signal detection. Chaotic system is a typical non-linear system which is sensitive to certain signals and immune to noise at the same time. Its properties demonstrate the potential application on weak signal detection. Due to the good localization in both time domain and frequency domain, the wavelet transform method can automatically adjust to different frequency components and increase the Signal-to-Noise Ratio. Starting from the analysis of advantages and disadvantages of two signal detection methods, we put forward a combined method that takes advantage of each method to detect weak signals with high frequency. The simulation results show that the novel method can detect weak signals with frequency in an order of magnitude of 107Hz, and the input Signal-to-Noise Ratio threshold could be-42.5dB.

Shi, X, Siriteanu, C, Yoshizawa, S & Miyanaga, Y 1970, 'Realistic Rician fading channel based optimal linear MIMO precoding evaluation', 2012 5th International Symposium on Communications, Control and Signal Processing, 2012 5th International Symposium on Communications, Control and Signal Processing (ISCCSP), IEEE.
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Shrestha, CK, Keshavarzi, A, Khabbaz, H & Ball, J 1970, 'Experimental study of the flow structure interactions between Bridge Piers', Proceedings of the 34th Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium, HWRS 2012, Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium and the International Conference on Water Resources and Environment Research, Engineers australia, Sydney, Australia, pp. 308-315.
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The detailed study of three dimensional flow structures around two bridge piers is presented in this paper. Eight sets of laboratory experiments were carried out with no pier, a single pier and two piers with different spacing between piers. Two bridge piers were aligned in the direction of flow and at the centre of a laboratory flume. The experimental tests were performed in a flume with 19 m length, 0.61 m wide and 0.60 m deep, under different flow conditions. Three dimensional flow velocities were captured at different grid points and different depths within the flow using a micro Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV). The velocity was captured at a frequency of 50Hz. The contour plots of three velocity components, turbulence intensities, Reynolds shear stresses and the turbulence kinetic energy as well as the vector plot and flow streamlines were presented in this paper. It was found that significant flow structure interactions are generated with increasing the spacing between the piers. In addition, the results indicated that the flow structure between the piers and at the downstream side of the piers varied significantly. Furthermore, it was found that when the spacing between bridge piers is increased, the effect of the upstream pier starts decreasing and eventually each piers act as an individual pier.

Shrestha, R, Mak, J & Crews, K 1970, 'Experimental investigation on epoxy bonded shear connection for timber-concrete composites', World Conference on Timber Engineering 2012, WCTE 2012, World Conference on Timber Engineering, Rijun Shrestha, James Mak, Keith Crews, Auckland, New Zealand, pp. 466-472.
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This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation on epoxy bonded shear connections for timber-concrete composites, with and without mechanical fasteners. The results of the tests showed that connections with high stiffness and strength, comparable to that of notch type connections, could be achieved by using epoxy for bonding timber and concrete. Addition of a mechanical fastener to the epoxy bonded connection had the advantage of delaying the failure of the connection and thereby avoiding brittle failure mode associated with epoxy bonded connections. The coach screw also facilitated in maintaining good contact between concrete and LVL. Observation of the failed specimens showed that failure in all connections was concentrated either in the LVL or concrete close to the interface and no interface failure was observed.

Si Liu, Bo Liu, Xiaoqiang Ma, Bo Rong & Lin Gui 1970, 'Low-complexity PAPR reduction algorithm in OFDM systems by designing data subcarriers', 2012 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), GLOBECOM 2012 - 2012 IEEE Global Communications Conference, IEEE, Anaheim, CA, pp. 4747-4751.
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Simon, Sheard, J, Carbone, A, Chinn, D, Laakso, MJ, Clear, T, de Raadt, M, D'Souza, D, Lister, R, Philpott, A, Skene, J & Warburton, G 1970, 'Introductory programming: Examining the exams', Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series, Australasian Computing Education Conference, Australian Computer Society Inc, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 61-70.
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This paper describes a classification scheme that can be used to investigate the characteristics of introductory programming examinations. The scheme itself is described and its categories explained. We describe in detail the process of determining the level of agreement among classifiers, that is, the inter-rater reliability of the scheme, and we report the results of applying the classification scheme to 20 introductory programming examinations. We find that introductory programming examinations vary greatly in the coverage of topics, question styles, skill required to answer questions and the level of difficulty of questions. This study is part of a project that aims to investigate the nature and composition of formal examination instruments used in the summative assessment of introductory programming students, and the pedagogical intentions of the educators who construct these instruments.

Siwakoti, YP & Town, GE 1970, 'Three-phase transformerless grid connected Quasi Z-Source Inverter for solar photovoltaic systems with minimal leakage current', 2012 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG), 2012 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG), IEEE, pp. 368-373.
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We present the design of 3-phase transformerless grid connected Quasi Z-Source Inverter with minimal leakage current, suitable for application in solar photovoltaic systems. A modified space vector pulse width modulation technique with a reduced number of commutations per sector was used to minimize the leakage current without adding extra circuitry (filters and/or leakage current isolation/bypass circuits) in a transformerless Quasi Z-Source Inverter. Theoretical analysis of the proposed system is presented in detail and verified using Matlab Simulink®. © 2012 IEEE.

Sohaib, O & Kang, K 1970, 'The Role of Technology, Human and Social Networks in Serviceable Cross-Culture Business to-Consumer (B2C) Websites', INNOVATION VISION 2020: SUSTAINABLE GROWTH, ENTREPRENEURSHIP, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, VOLS 1-4, 19th International-Business-Information-Management-Association Conference, INT BUSINESS INFORMATION MANAGEMENT ASSOC-IBIMA, Barcelona, SPAIN, pp. 1796-1805.
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Business to-Consumer (B2C) e-commerce becomes more composite with the emerging growth of web services. Buyer expectations are often not taken into consideration in global and local B2C e-commerce sites. Serviceability has made its approach into the e-commerce mainstream and emphases on how the web designers have developed their role to understand buyer's actions of purchasing, trust and accessibility to accommodate evolving business process. For a B2C e-commerce website to engage online-buyers across cultures web designer should not ignore the technology and human factors. This study is proposing a conceptual framework that describes the importance of serviceable B2C e-commerce that connects technology factors such as web content accessibility guidelines, human factors such as, cultural issues, buyers experience, cognitive behavior, religious attitude and social networking elements into B2C e-commerce websites.

Sojda, RS, Chen, SH, El Sawah, S, Guillaume, JHA, Jakeman, AJ, Lautenbach, S, McIntosh, BS, Rizzoli, AE, Seppelt, R, Struss, P, Voinov, AA & Volk, M 1970, 'Identifying the decision to be supported: A review of papers from environmental modelling and software', iEMSs 2012 - Managing Resources of a Limited Planet: Proceedings of the 6th Biennial Meeting of the International Environmental Modelling and Software Society, pp. 73-80.
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Two of the basic tenets of decision support system efforts are to help identify and structure the decisions to be supported, and to then provide analysis in how those decisions might be best made. One example from wetland management would be that wildlife biologists must decide when to draw down water levels to optimise aquatic invertebrates as food for breeding ducks. Once such a decision is identified, a system or tool to help them make that decision in the face of current and projected climate conditions could be developed. We examined a random sample of 100 papers published from 2001-2011 in Environmental Modelling and Software that used the phrase 'decision support system' or 'decision support tool', and which are characteristic of different sectors. In our review, 41% of the systems and tools related to the water resources sector, 34% were related to agriculture, and 22% to the conservation of fish, wildlife, and protected area management. Only 60% of the papers were deemed to be reporting on DSS. This was based on the papers reviewed not having directly identified a specific decision to be supported. We also report on the techniques that were used to identify the decisions, such as formal survey, focus group, expert opinion, or sole judgment of the author(s). The primary underlying modelling system, e.g., expert system, agent based model, Bayesian belief network, geographical information system (GIS), and the like was categorised next. Finally, since decision support typically should target some aspect of unstructured decisions, we subjectively determined to what degree this was the case. In only 23% of the papers reviewed, did the system appear to tackle unstructured decisions. This knowledge should be useful in helping workers in the field develop more effective systems and tools, especially by being exposed to the approaches in different, but related, disciplines. We propose that a standard blueprint for reporting on DSS be developed for consi...

Sojoudi, A, Vakilimoghaddam, F, Neishabouri, R & Saha, SC 1970, 'On the oscillatory behavior of transient rayleigh benard convection of air for 2D channel flow at moderate rayleigh numbers', Lecture Notes in Engineering and Computer Science, pp. 1874-1878.
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Unsteady numerical simulation of Rayleigh Benard convection heat transfer from a 2D channel is performed. The oscillatory behavior is attributed to recirculation of ascending and descending flows towards the core of the channel producing organized rolled motions. Variation of the parameters such as Reynolds number, channel outlet flow area and inclination of the channel are considered. Increasing Reynolds number (for a fixed Rayleigh number), delays the generation of vortices. The reduction in the outflow area leads to the later and the less vortex generation. As the time progresses, more vortices are generated, but the reinforced mean velocity does not let the eddies to enter the core of the channel. Therefore, they attach to the wall and reduce the heat transfer area. The inclination of the channel (both positive and negative) induces the generated vortices to get closer to each other and make an enlarged vortex.

Song, Y, Cao, L, Wu, X, Wei, G, Ye, W & Ding, W 1970, 'Coupled behavior analysis for capturing coupling relationships in group-based market manipulations', Proceedings of the 18th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining, KDD '12: The 18th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, ACM, Beijing, China, pp. 976-984.
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In stock markets, an emerging challenge for surveillance is that a group of hidden manipulators collaborate with each other to manipulate the price movement of securities. Recently, the coupled hidden Markov model (CHMM)-based coupled behavior analysis (CBA) has been proposed to consider the coupling relationships in the above group-based behaviors for manipulation detection. From the modeling perspective, however, this requires overall aggregation of the behavioral data to cater for the CHMM modeling, which does not differentiate the coupling relationships presented in different forms within the aggregated behaviors and degrade the capability for further anomaly detection. Thus, this paper suggests a general CBA framework for detecting group-based market manipulation by capturing more comprehensive couplings and proposes two variant implementations, which are hybrid coupling (HC)-based and hierarchical grouping (HG)-based respectively. The proposed framework consists of three stages. The first stage, qualitative analysis, generates possible qualitative coupling relationships between behaviors with or without domain knowledge. In the second stage, quantitative representation of coupled behaviors is learned via proper methods. For the third stage, anomaly detection algorithms are proposed to cater for different application scenarios. Experimental results on data from a major Asian stock market show that the proposed framework outperforms the CHMM-based analysis in terms of detecting abnormal collaborative market manipulations. Additionally,the two different implementations are compared with their effectiveness for different application scenarios.

Sorourian, S, Keshavarzi, A, Samali, B & Ball, J 1970, 'Study of blockage effect on scouring pattern downstream of a box culvert', From Materials to Structures: Advancement Through Innovation - Proceedings of the 22nd Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, ACMSM 2012, Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, CRC Press, Sydney, Australia, pp. 741-744.
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This experimental study is concerning with the scouring at the outlet of a box culverts. The blockage of culverts has considered as an important factor on the scouring pattern at the outlet of the box culverts. To investigate the effect of blockage on scouring pattern at the downstream of box culvert, some experimental tests were carried out in a laboratory flume located in the Hydraulic Laboratory of University of Technology Sydney (UTS). The experimental tests were carried on in both blocked and non-blocked conditions and consequentially the effect of blockage on depth of scour hole is investigated. It was found that for flow with Froude number of 0.09 there is a 15% increase in the depth of scour hole for a box culvert with 40 precent blockage. Furthermore, the scour depth in blocked condition with the Froude number of 0.12 was 22% deeper than box culvert with non-blocked condition. © 2013 Taylor & Francis Group.

Steffen, M, May, D & Deuse, J 1970, 'The Industrial Engineering Laboratory', Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), 2012 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), IEEE.
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This paper presents how Problem Based Learning is integrated in Industrial Engineering higher education provided by the Industrial Engineering Laboratory at TU Dortmund University in Germany. After pointing out the necessary asset of competences for Industrial Engineers as the intended learning outcome, Problem Based Learning is presented as one appropriate concept for competence development in higher education in engineering. The implementation of this explicit course design and its advantages is shown by explaining the specific course example Workplace Design in detail, which is carried out in a hands-on laboratory-the Industrial Engineering Laboratory. © 2012 IEEE.

Stuart, BH, Thomas, P & Hunt, AM 1970, 'The characterisation of ochres used in Australian Aboriginal paintings', 2nd International Congress - Chemistry for Cultural Heritage Abstracts, 2nd International Congress - Chemistry for Cultural Heritage.

Subhani, M, Li, J & Samali, B 1970, 'Behaviour of stress wave propagation in utility timber pole', From Materials to Structures: Advancement through Innovation - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 22ND AUSTRALASIAN CONFERENCE ON THE MECHANICS OF STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS, Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, CRC Press, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA, pp. 1077-1082.
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Non-destructive testing has been used for many years to evaluate the in situ condition of timber piles. Longitudinal impact is usually applied on the top of piles to induce longitudinal wave to detect faults in piles due to the fact that the longitudinalwave has less dispersive nature at lowfrequency. On the other hand,when it comes to evaluation of poles in situ, it is different as poles are partly embedded in soil and it is more practical to produce bending waves, as the top of the pole is not easily accessible. However, bending wave is known for its highly dispersive nature; especially in the low frequency range which is usually induced in low strain integrity testing. As bending wave can be considered as a hybrid of longitudinal and shear waves, it will be helpful, if it could detect the component of these twowaves separately.To do so, components of displacements or accelerations along radial and longitudinal directions need to be determined. By applying Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on the signals, the dominant frequencies can be obtained. It has been found that, the longitudinal component decreases along radial direction which indicates the presence of bending wave component and this finding allows to the application of ContinuousWavelet Transform (CWT) on the longitudinal component of wave signals in order to obtain phase velocity. Phase velocities at different frequencies are then determined to draw the dispersive curve and compare with analytical phase velocity curve. The dispersion curve matched well with the analytical curve.

Sui, Y, Ye, D & Xue, J 1970, 'Static memory leak detection using full-sparse value-flow analysis', 2012 International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis, ISSTA 2012 - Proceedings, pp. 254-264.
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We introduce a static detector, Saber, for detecting memory leaks in C programs. Leveraging recent advances on sparse pointer analysis, Saber is the first to use a full-sparse value-flow analysis for leak detection. Saber tracks the flow of values from allocation to free sites using a sparse value-flow graph (SVFG) that captures def-use chains and value flows via assignments for all memory locations represented by both top-level and address-taken pointers. By exploiting field-, flow- and context-sensitivity during different phases of the analysis, Saber detects leaks in a program by solving a graph reachability problem on its SVFG. Saber, which is fully implemented in Open64, is effective at detecting 211 leaks in the 15 SPEC2000 C programs and five applications, while keeping the false positive rate at 18.5%. We have also compared Saber with Fastcheck (which analyzes allocated objects flowing only into top-level pointers) and Sparrow (which handles all allocated objects using abstract interpretation) using the 15 SPEC2000 C programs. Saber is as accurate as Sparrow but is 14.2X faster and reports 40.7% more bugs than Fastcheck at a slightly higher false positive rate but is only 3.7X slower. © 2012 ACM.

Sullivan, CE, Stuart, BH & Thomas, P 1970, 'An investigation of the preservation of burial goods produced from modern materials', 6th European Academy of Forensic Science Conference Abstracts, 6th European Academy of Forensic Science Conference.

Sun, X, Cui, H, Liu, R, Chen, J & Liu, Y 1970, 'Multistep ahead prediction for real-time VBR video traffic using deterministic echo state network', 2012 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Cloud Computing and Intelligence Systems, 2012 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Cloud Computing and Intelligence Systems (CCIS), IEEE, Hangzhou, China, pp. 928-931.
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Variable bit rate (VBR) video traffic, exhibiting high self-similarity and burstiness, has been a major traffic component in high speed network. However, its complex bit rate distribution makes VBR video traffic prediction, especially multistep ahead prediction, very difficult. Recently, deterministic echo state network with adjacent-feedback loop reservoir structure (ALR) was proved to have high prediction accuracy, good memory capacity, and simple structure. In the paper, we apply ALR to real-time VBR video traffic prediction. The proposed scheme makes use of loop reservoir with identity activation function to conduct sample learning in high dimension states. Experimental results show that the simplified ALR scheme can effectively capture dynamic characteristics of VBR video traffic with less training time. Its multistep prediction accuracy is improved by 2% on average, compared with the neural network based on multi-resolution learning. © 2012 IEEE.

Sun, Z, Zhong, SS, Esselle, KP, Guo, J & Cai, Y 1970, 'Broadband dual-band dual-polarized overlapped antenna element', 2012 IEEE-APS Topical Conference on Antennas and Propagation in Wireless Communications (APWC), 2012 IEEE-APS Topical Conference on Antennas and Propagation in Wireless Communications (APWC), IEEE, Cape Town, South Africa, pp. 223-226.
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A broadband dual-band dual-polarized (DBDP) shared-aperture array is proposed, where the novel L- and C- band overlapped stacked patches are designed as the unit cell of full array. The impedance bandwidth in the lower band is enhanced by avoiding perforation. The DBDP unit cell prototype has been fabricated to validate the overlapped-structure feasibility for phased array applications. The impedance bandwidths (|S 11 | ≤ -10dB) of 17.6% (219MHz) and 15% (790 MHz) are measured in L- and C-band, respectively, while good radiation patterns are also confirmed in both bands. © 2012 IEEE.

Suwanwiwat, H, Nguyen, V & Blumenstein, M 1970, 'Off-line Restricted-Set Handwritten Word Recognition for Student Identification in a Short Answer Question Automated Assessment System', 2012 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HYBRID INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS (HIS), International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems, IEEE, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Pune, India, pp. 167-172.
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Handwriting recognition is one of the most intensive areas of study in the field of pattern recognition. Many applications are able to benefit from a robust off-line handwriting recognition technique. An automatic off-line assessment system and a writer identification system are two of those applications. Off-line automatic assessment systems can be an aid for teachers in the marking process; they can reduce the time consumed by the human marker. There has only been limited work undertaken in developing off-line automatic assessment systems using handwriting recognition, and none in developing student identification systems, even though such systems would clearly benefit the education sector. In order to develop a complete off-line automatic assessment system, student identification using full student names is proposed in this paper. The Gaussian Grid and Modified Direction Feature Extraction Techniques are investigated in order to develop the proposed system. The recognition rates achieved using both techniques are encouraging (up to 99.08% for the Modified Direction feature extraction technique, and up to 98.28% for the Gaussian Grid feature extraction technique. © 2012 IEEE.

Swaminathan, K, Grassman, TJ, Yang, L-M, Chmielewski, D, Mills, M & Ringel, SA 1970, 'Impact of threading dislocation density on metamorphic In_xGa_1-xAs and In_zGa_1-zP p-i-n photodetectors on GaAs', Optical Components and Materials IX, SPIE OPTO, SPIE.
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Sweetser, P, Johnson, D, Wyeth, P & Ozdowska, A 1970, 'GameFlow heuristics for designing and evaluating real-time strategy games', Proceedings of The 8th Australasian Conference on Interactive Entertainment: Playing the System, IE '12: The 8th Australasian Conference on Interactive Entertainment, ACM.
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Tabatabaiefar, HR, Fatahi, B & Samali, B 1970, 'Effects of soil dynamic properties and bedrock depth on seismic response of building frames incorporation soil-structure interaction', 5th Asia-Pacific Conference on Unsaturated Soils 2012, Asian-Pacific conferences on unsaturated soils, Kasetsart University, Pattaya, Thailand, pp. 504-510.
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In this study, a ten storey moment resisting building frame, resting on a shallow foundation, is selected in conjunction with three soil types with the shear wave velocities less than 600m/s, representing classes Ce, De and Ee, according to AS 1170.4. Different bedrock depths including 10m, 20m, and 30 m are employed in the numerical modelling using finite difference software FLAC 2D. Fully nonlinear dynamic analysis under influence of different earthquake records is conducted, and the results of the three different cases are compared and discussed. The results indicate that the dynamic properties of the subsoil such as shear wave velocity as well as bedrock depth play significant roles in seismic response of the building frames under the influence of soil-structure interaction. As the shear wave velocity of the subsoil decreases and bedrock depth increases, lateral deflections and inter-storey drifts of the structures increase. The mentioned effects can change the performance level of the structures from life safe to near collapse or total collapse. Therefore, the conventional design procedure excluding SSI is no longer adequate to guarantee the structural safety for the building frames resting on soft soil deposits.

Tafavogh, S, Kennedy, PJ, Catchpoole, DR & IEEE 1970, 'Determining Cellularity Status of Tumors based on Histopathology using Hybrid Image Segmentation', 2012 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS (IJCNN), IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, IEEE, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 1-8.
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A Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system is developed to determine cellularity status of a tumor. The system helps pathologists to distinguish a tumor with cell proliferation from normal tumors. The developed CAD system implements a hybrid segmentation method to identify and extract the morphological features that are used by pathologists for determining cellularity status of tumor. Adaptive Mean Shift (AMS) clustering as a non-parametric technique is integrated with Color Template Matching (CTM) to construct segmentation approach. We used Expectation Maximization (EM) clustering as a parametric technique for the sake of comparison with our proposed approach. The output of our proposed system and EM are validated by two pathologists as ground truth. The result of our developed system is quite close to the decision of pathologists, and it significantly outperforms EM in terms of accuracy. © 2012 IEEE.

Tan, Z, Jamdagni, A, He, X, Nanda, P & Liu, RP 1970, 'Triangle-Area-Based Multivariate Correlation Analysis for Effective Denial-of-Service Attack Detection', 2012 IEEE 11th International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications, 2012 IEEE 11th International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom), IEEE, Liverpool UK, pp. 33-40.
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Cloud computing plays an important role in current converged networks. It brings convenience of accessing services and information to users regardless of location and time. However, there are some critical security issues residing in cloud computing, such as availability of services. Denial of service occurring on cloud computing has even more serious impact on the Internet. Therefore, this paper studies the techniques for detecting Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks to network services and proposes an effective system for DoS attack detection. The proposed system applies the idea of Multivariate Correlation Analysis (MCA) to network traffic characterization and employs the principal of anomaly-based detection in attack recognition. This makes our solution capable of detecting known and unknown DoS attacks effectively by learning the patterns of legitimate network traffic only. Furthermore, a triangle area technique is proposed to enhance and speed up the process of MCA. The effectiveness of our proposed detection system is evaluated on the KDD Cup 99 dataset, and the influence of both non-normalized and normalized data on the performance of the detection system is examined. The results presented in the system evaluation section illustrate that our DoS attack detection system outperforms two state-of-theart approaches. © 2012 IEEE.

Tan, Z, Jamdagni, A, Nanda, P, He, X & Liu, RP 1970, 'Evaluation on multivariate correlation analysis based denial-of-service attack detection system', Proceedings of the First International Conference on Security of Internet of Things, SECURIT '12: First International Conference on Security of Internet of Things, ACM, Kollam, India, pp. 160-164.
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In this paper, a Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack detection system is explored, where a multivariate correlation analysis technique based on Euclidean distance is applied for network traffic characterization and the principal of anomaly-based detection is employed in attack recognition. The effectiveness of the detection system is evaluated on the KDD Cup 99 dataset and the influence of data normalization on the performance of attack detection is analyzed in this paper as well. The evaluation results and comparisons prove that the detection system is effective in distinguishing DoS attack network traffic from legitimate network traffic and outperforms two state-of-the-art systems. Copyright 2012 ACM.

Tang, F, You, I, Yu, S, Li, H & Wang, CL 1970, 'Grid transaction management and an efficient development kit', Computer Systems Science and Engineering, C R L PUBLISHING LTD, pp. 345-353.
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Grid transaction management aims at guaranteeing the system consistency in face of various failures in Grid environments. In this paper, we propose a Grid transaction service (GridTS) and design coordination mechanisms for atomic, long-lived and real-time Grid transactions respectively, based on the features of Grid environments. GridTS has the following three advantages. Firstly, it separates the transaction management unit with transaction coordination algorithms so that it can coordinate the above three categories of transactions in a uniform way. Secondly, GridTS can dynamically generate compensating transactions during the long-lived transaction processing. Finally, it provides the programming interfaces similar to traditional distributed transactions. Moreover, we implement a Grid transaction development kit (GridTDK) for application programmers based on our GridTS. We evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of GridTS by developing an application system using our GridTDK. ©2012 CRL Publishing Ltd.

Tang, F, You, I, Yu, S, Wang, C-L, Guo, M & Liu, W 1970, 'An efficient deadlock prevention approach for service oriented transaction processing', Computers & Mathematics with Applications, Elsevier BV, pp. 458-468.
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Tang, R & Liu, D 1970, 'An enhanced dynamic model for McKibben pneumatic muscle actuators', Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, ACRA.
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An enhanced dynamic force model of a type of small and soft McKibben-type pneumatic muscle (PM) actuator has been developed. This model takes the factor of external loads and a more sophisticated form of friction into account, and is presented as a polynomial function of pressure, contraction length, contraction velocity and external load. The coefficients in this model are determined from a series of experiments with constant loads and step pressure inputs. Comparison study with other models is conducted assuming the Coulomb friction as a constant force. The results demonstrate a solid enhancement of the presented model.

Tao, M, Wu, C & Li, X 1970, 'Numerical simulation of unloading process of rocks under high initial stress', ISRM Regional Symposium - 7th Asian Rock Mechanics Symposium, ARMS 2012, pp. 253-261.
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The object of this study is to investigate the unloading failure mechanism of hard rocks in the unloading process. A commercial finite element program LS-DYNA was employed to simulate the rock unloading process. The implicit and explicit methods were performed in sequence to simulate the static initialization-dynamic unloading process of rocks. The numerical results indicated that the rock failure can be induced by releasing of the initial stress, and the previous result of the equivalent initial stress release rate (EISRR) theory based on the 1D stress state is not suitable for 3D stress state. In 3D stress state, a new definition of equivalent strain energy release rate (ESERR) was introduced. The further study indicated that the ESERR can characterize the effect of different confining stresses and different unloading path on rock unloading. A significant finding is that the ESERR can quantitatively describe the characteristics of the unloading process under 3D stress state. This finding indicated that in practical underground excavation engineering, dynamically controlling the ESERR can be used to increase excavation potential of rocks and minimize the needed external excavation energy by using the initial energy.’

Teague, D, Corney, M, Ahadi, A & Lister, R 1970, 'Swapping as the 'Hello World' of relational reasoning: Replications, reflections and extensions', Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series, Australasian Computing Education Conference, Australian Computer Society Inc, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 87-94.
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At the previous conference in this series, Corney, Lister and Teague presented research results showing relationships between code writing, code tracing and code explaining, from as early as week 3 of semester. We concluded that the problems some students face in learning to program start very early in the semester. In this paper we report on our replication of that experiment, at two institutions, where one is the same as the original institution. In some cases, we did not find the same relationship between explaining code and writing code, but we believe this was because our teachers discussed the code in lectures between the two tests. Apart from that exception, our replication results at both institutions are consistent with our original study.

Teague, D, Corney, M, Fidge, CF, Roggenkamp, M, Ahadi, A & Lister, RF 1970, 'Using Neo-Piagetian Theory, Formative In-Class Tests and Think Alouds to Better Understand Student Thinking: A Preliminary Report on Computer Programming', Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference for the Australasian Association for Engineering Education - The Profession of Engineering Education: Advancing Teaching, Research and Careers, AAEE - Annual Conference of Australasian Association for Engineering Education, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1-9.
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BACKGROUND Around the world, and for many years, students have struggled to learn to program computers. The reasons for this are poorly understood by their lecturers. PURPOSE When the intuitions of many skilled lecturers have failed to solve a pedagogical problem, then a systematic research programme is needed. We have implemented a research programme based on three elements: (1) a theory that provides an organising conceptual framework, (2) representative data on how the class performs on formative assessment tasks, and (3) microgenetic data from one-on-one think aloud sessions, to establish why students struggle with some of the formative tasks. DESIGN / METHOD We have adopted neo-Piagetian theory as our organising framework. We collect data by two methods. The first method is a series of small tests that we have students complete during lectures, at roughly two week intervals. These tests did not count toward the studentsâ final grade, which affords us the opportunity to ask unusual questions that probe at the boundaries of student understanding. Think aloud sessions are the second data collection method, in which a small number of selected, volunteer students attempt problems similar to the problems in the in-class tests. RESULTS The results in this paper serve to illustrate our research programme rather than answer a single, tight research question. These illustrative results focus upon one very simple type of programming question that was put to students, very early in their first programming subject. That simple question required students to write code to swap the values in two variables (e.g., temp = a; a = b; b = temp). The common intuition among programming lecturers is that students should be able to easily solve such a problem by, say, week 4 of semester. On the contrary, we found that 40% of students in a class at one of the participating institutions answered this question incorrectly in week 4 of semester. CONCLUSIONS What is emerging fro...

Tennakoon, N, Indraratna, B, Nimbalkar, S & Rujikiatkamjorn, C 1970, 'Deformation and Degradation of Clay fouled Ballast Subjected to Monotonic Loading', Proceedings of the International Conference on Ground Improvement & Ground Control, International Conference on Ground Improvement & Ground Control, Research Publishing Services.
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Thalakotuna, DN, Esselle, KP, Heimlich, M, Matekovits, L & Hay, SG 1970, 'A technique to extract dispersion characteristics of one-dimensional periodic structures', Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, 2012 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium and USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, IEEE, Chicago, IL.
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Thalakotuna, DNP, Matekovits, L, Esselle, KP, Hay, S & Heimlich, M 1970, 'Dispersion analysis of a reconfigurable unit cell in a one dimensional periodic architecture', 2012 6th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP), 2012 6th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), IEEE, pp. 2881-2883.
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Dispersion analysis of a unit cell in a one dimensional microstrip based periodic arrangement is studied. Topology of the unit cell allows it to reconfigure the internal design using active devices into two different states. Active devices are modeled using perfect electric conductors in this study, which take in to account the different state of the switches. The obtained dispersion diagram provides useful insight into bounded and unbounded modes inside the unit cell in both states. The modal analysis reveals the possible applications for this potentially reconfigurable unit cell based periodic arrangement in microwave filters and leaky wave antennas. © 2012 IEEE.

Thanigaivelan, B, Wiles, J & Hamilton, TJ 1970, 'A low power neural recording amplifier with programmable gain and bandwidth', 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems - ISCAS 2012, IEEE, pp. 2219-2222.
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In this paper we present the design and implementation of a low power neural amplifier which has two programmable gains in two programmable bandwidths. The bandwidths are programmable between 0.7-300Hz, suitable for measuring local field potentials and 1.95-5.4kHz, suitable for measuring action potentials. The amplifier achieves a maximum gain of 79dB in the higher bandwidth. A chip has been designed and implemented using a 0.5μm technology with 8 neural amplifiers. On average the neural amplifier consumes less than 14μW at 3.3V. © 2012 IEEE.

Thapngam, T, Yu, S & Zhou, W 1970, 'DDoS discrimination by Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA)', 2012 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC), 2012 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC), IEEE, pp. 532-536.
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In this paper, we propose an effective approach with a supervised learning system based on Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) to discriminate legitimate traffic from DDoS attack traffic. Currently there is a wide outbreak of DDoS attacks that remain risky for the entire Internet. Different attack methods and strategies are trying to challenge defence systems. Among the behaviours of attack sources, repeatable and predictable features differ from source of legitimate traffic. In addition, the DDoS defence systems lack the learning ability to fine-tune their accuracy. This paper analyses real trace traffic from publicly available datasets. Pearson's correlation coefficient and Shannon's entropy are deployed for extracting dependency and predictability of traffic data respectively. Then, LDA is used to train and classify legitimate and attack traffic flows. From the results of our experiment, we can confirm that the proposed discrimination system can differentiate DDoS attacks from legitimate traffic with a high rate of accuracy. © 2012 IEEE.

Thilak, N & Braun, R 1970, 'Near field magnetic induction Communication in Body Area Network', 2012 International Conference on Devices, Circuits and Systems (ICDCS), 2012 International Conference on Devices, Circuits and Systems (ICDCS 2012), IEEE, Coimbatore, India, pp. 124-125.
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Next generation wireless communication system may be near filed magnetic induction Communication (NFMIC) which has major application in Body Area Network (BAN). Communication takes place in and around the body is called BAN. This Paper describes the working principle, power equation, its significance and application in NFMIC. It is compared with the other short range wireless technology such as Bluetooth, WLAN, UWB, ZigBee and RFID inside a BAN. This provides information how NFMIC is going to be next generation wireless communication. © 2012 IEEE.

Thomas, D, Ding, GK & Crews, KI 1970, 'Multi-Storey Residential Timber Buildings in Australia: Where is the education', Australasian Universities Building Educators Association (AUBEA), 37th AUBEA International Conference: Proceedings, Australian Universities Building Education Association Annual Conference, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, pp. 163-170.
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There is a growing interest in the construction of medium rise residential timber buildings internationally. A number of developers in Australia are seeking to complete the first structural timber residential building over four storeys high. The most widely advertised is a 10-storey timber apartment building in planning for the city of Melbourne, to be built to 'Passive House' standards. Amongst a number of challenges that face Australian building companies adopting this innovative construction technique is the lack of skill and experience in construction professionals that have worked on medium rise timber structural buildings. The current practice for the design of structural frame for residential buildings over four storeys high is in the use reinforced concrete and steel. Previous studies have revealed that although construction professionals have an interest in innovative timber structures their preference for working with concrete and steel is based on previous education and familiarity with the materials. Preliminary investigations have revealed that Australian university degree courses in Architecture, Civil/Construction Engineering and Construction Project Management receive little or no education on engineered timber medium rise residential buildings construction. This paper aims at investigating the current uptake, demand, opportunities and barriers for timber use in residential buildings. This paper presents the results of semi-structured interviews with Australian construction professionals and tertiary education providers and highlights the challenges they face in adapting to innovations entering their industry. Finally this paper presents strategies on how these two sectors can work cooperatively to incorporate multi storey timber building education into universities across Australia.

Thomas, D, Ding, GK & Crews, KI 1970, 'Sustainable timber use in the Australian housing market: Are consumers willing to pay the price?', Proceedings of the XXXVIII IAHS World Congress: Visions for the future of housing : Mega cities, IAHS World Congress on Housing Science, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 1076-1082.
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A large proportion of traditional Australian homes contained timber floors and timber exterior cladding until the advent of the standard concrete slab/brick veneer house. Up to 95% of new homes are built by project home companies and the majority of these contain an external envelope consisting of concrete flooring, clay brick walls and concrete tile or steel sheet roofing. This design is currently driven by consumer's expectation of low cost, durable homes that are completed within restricted time limits. There is now a price premium on bespoke housing projects that differ materially or otherwise from a limited set of designs offered by project home firms. The adoption of concrete and brick homes originated from a perceived advantage of longevity, low maintenance and thermal comfort. Innovation in wood treatments, wood protection and insulation have provided solutions to these issues so that timber is now a viable option with added benefits such as environmental sustainability and erection speed. Australian consumers have a growing awareness and desire to live in a way that is sustainable and are making choices that reflect this attitude. This has been demonstrated through the high adoption rate of recent government-supported schemes such as subsidized insulation and solar panel installation. This paper aims at investigating homeowner's perception of timber as a sustainable building product, the desire of homeowners to use sustainable building products, and the willingness of homeowners to pay a premium to live sustainably. This paper highlights Australian homeowners reluctance to use the most sustainable building materials even when they are willing to pay for a more environmentally sustainable home. This paper presents the results of a questionnaire survey to homeowners in the city of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia and some strategies on how to increase the use of timber in new housing projects in Australia.

Thuraisingham, RA, Tran, Y, Craig, A & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Frequency analysis of eyes open and eyes closed EEG signals using the Hilbert-Huang Transform.', EMBC, International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, San Diego, California, USA, pp. 2865-2868.
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Frequency analysis based on the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) is examined as an alternative to Fourier spectral analysis in the study of EEG signals. This method overcomes the need for the EEG signal to be linear and stationary, assumptions necessary for the application of Fourier spectral analysis. The HHT method comprises two components: empirical mode decomposition (EMD) of the signal into intrinsic mode functions (IMFâs); and the Hilbert transform of the IMFâs. This technique is applied here in the study of consecutive eyes open (EO), eyes closed (EC) EEG signals of able bodied and spinal cord injured participants. The study found that in this EO, EC pair the instantaneous frequencies in the EO state were higher compared to the EC state. The Hilbert weighted frequency, a measure of the mean of the instantaneous frequencies present in an IMF, is used here to detect these changes from EO to the EC state in an EEG signal. Although there was a good detection of this change with information obtained from just one IMF (94% in able-bodied persons and 84% in SCI persons), almost 100% success in detecting between group differences was achieved using all the IMF's. This result has implications for assistive technology that rely on EEG changes in EO and EC states.

Tian, H, Li, W, Wang, L & Ogunbona, P 1970, 'A Novel Video-Based Smoke Detection Method Using Image Separation', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME), IEEE, pp. 532-537.
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In the state-of-the-art video-based smoke detection methods, the representation of smoke mainly depends on the visual information in the current image frame. In the case of light smoke, the original background can be still seen and may deteriorate the characterization of smoke. The core idea of this paper is to demonstrate the superiority of using smoke component for smoke detection. In order to obtain smoke component, a blended image model is constructed, which basically is a linear combination of background and smoke components. Smoke opacity which represents a weighting of the smoke component is also defined. Based on this model, an optimization problem is posed. An algorithm is devised to solve for smoke opacity and smoke component, given an input image and the background. The resulting smoke opacity and smoke component are then used to perform the smoke detection task. The experimental results on both synthesized and real image data verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2012 IEEE.

To, AW-K, Paul, G, Rushton-Smith, D, Liu, D & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Automated and Frequent Calibration of a Robot Manipulator-mounted IR Range Camera for Steel Bridge Maintenance.', FSR, International Conference on Field and Service Robotics, Springer, Matsushima, Miyagi, Japan, pp. 205-218.
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This paper presents an approach to perform frequent hand-eye calibration of an Infrared (IR) range camera mounted to the end-effector of a robot manipulator in a field environment. A set of three reflector discs arranged in a structured pattern is attached to the robot platform to provide high contrast image features with corresponding range readings for accurate calculation of the camera-to-robot base transform. Using this approach the hand-eye transform between the IR range camera and robot end-effector can be determined by considering the robot manipulator model. Experimental results show that a structured lighting-based IR range camera can be reliably hand-eye calibrated to a six DOF robot manipulator using the presented automated approach. Once calibrated, the IR range camera can be positioned with the manipulator so as to generate a high resolution geometric map of the surrounding environment suitable for performing the grit-blasting task. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014.

Tran, Y, Thuraisingham, RA, Craig, A & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Stationarity and variability in eyes open and eyes closed EEG signals from able-bodied and spinal cord injured persons.', EMBC, International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, San Diego, California, USA, pp. 2861-2864.
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This paper examines the assumption of stationarity used in EEG brain activity analyses, despite EEG data often being non-stationary. Transformations necessary to obtain stationary data from measured non-stationary EEG data and methods to assess non-stationarity are illustrated using eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC) data. The study shows that even short time EEG records of 10s duration exhibit nonstationary behavior. Examination of the change in variance when going from the EO to the EC state for both able bodied and spinal cord injured participants show that the difference in variance is consistently positive and statistically significant only when stationary data is used. This has implications for brain computer interfaces that utilizes changes in EO and EC EEG signals.

Truong, BCQ, Tuan, HD, Kha, HH & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Global optimization for human skin investigation in terahertz', 2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2012 34th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), IEEE, San Diego, California, USA, pp. 5474-5477.
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In this paper, the electromagnetic interaction between human skin and terahertz radiation is investigated through the double Debye parametersâ extraction algorithm. The changes of skin content are contrasted at the frequencies below one terahertz(THz) but the recent approaches could provide only a rough estimation. We propose an global optimization based identification, which results in globally accurate estimators in the frequency range up to two THz, and thus supports the validity of Debye model for Terahertz waveâs propagation and reflection in skin. Simulation results confirm our prominent methodology.

Truong, BCQ, Tuan, HD, Kha, HH & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'System identification for Terahertz wave's propagation and reflection in human skin', 2012 Fourth International Conference on Communications and Electronics (ICCE), 2012 Fourth International Conference on Communications and Electronics (ICCE), IEEE, Hue, Vietnam, pp. 364-368.
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This paper is concerned with parameter identification for the double Debye model of the Terahertz wave's propagation and reflection in human skin. The existing methods could provide estimators, which are accurate at the frequencies higher than one THz but rather row at the lower frequencies, where the majority of contrast for differentiating the changes of skin content is present. We propose another approach by using parametric quadratic optimization to locate the global optimal estimator. Simulation results confirm our reliable and prominent technique.

Tu, C & Lee, JE-Y 1970, 'Study on thermoelastic dissipation in bulk mode resonators with etch holes', 2012 7th IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS), 2012 7th IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS), IEEE.
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Tynkkynen, J, Pham, NH & Fujita, H 1970, 'High-Frequency Cycloconverter for Domestic Induction Heating Appliances', IEEJ Japan Industry Application Society Conference,, IEEJ Japan Industry Application Society Conference, pp. 321-324.

Ubaid, A, Rehman, U & Abidi, MA 1970, 'Adaptive modular recovery block', 2012 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics (APACE), 2012 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics (APACE), IEEE.
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Umuhoza, D & Braun, R 1970, 'Trustworthiness Assessment of Knowledge on the Semantic Sensor Web by Provenance Integration', 2012 26th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops, 2012 IEEE Workshops of International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (WAINA), IEEE, Fukuoka, Japan, pp. 387-392.
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Knowledge represented on the Semantic Sensor Web originates from different datasets which are often a collection or aggregation of other sources. The SSW is dynamic, open and distributed, so the datasets are of varying quality and completeness. Consumers need to be provided with a level of trustworthiness of this knowledge to determine its relevance and usefulness. Interpretation of provenance (detailed information about the origin of data - held in metadata) is necessary in order to analyse how knowledge came into existence and measure its trustworthiness. However there are challenges in interpreting the provenance in a uniform way, because different data providers use different processes to manipulate the data and different annotation techniques to provide metadata. Although there are methods for retrieving provenance, knowledge consumers are left with the responsibility of assessing the trustworthiness of discovered knowledge dependent on how they see it fitting their application. This paper proposes a meta-knowledge ontology to align the concepts and properties of existing provenance schemas and ontologies. The meta-provenance ontology enables common interpretation of different provenances, and hence their integration. This paper also presents a trustworthiness assessment model based on integrating provenance. This model provides a function for the knowledge consumer to choose the relevant provenance attributes and allows for ranking of their importance. This provides a reliable mechanism for measuring trustworthiness, as only attributes relevant to the consumer are used. © 2012 IEEE.

ur Rehman, Z, Hussain, OK, Parvin, S & Hussain, FK 1970, 'A Framework for User Feedback Based Cloud Service Monitoring', 2012 Sixth International Conference on Complex, Intelligent, and Software Intensive Systems, 2012 Sixth International Conference on Complex, Intelligent, and Software Intensive Systems (CISIS), IEEE, Palermo, Italy, pp. 257-262.
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The increasing popularity of the cloud computing paradigm and the emerging concept of federated cloud computing have motivated research efforts towards intelligent cloud service selection aimed at developing techniques for enabling the cloud users to gain maximum benefit from cloud computing by selecting services which provide optimal performance at lowest possible cost. Given the intricate and heterogeneous nature of current clouds, the cloud service selection process is, in effect, a multi criteria optimization or decision-making problem. The possible criteria for this process are related to both functional and nonfunctional attributes of cloud services. In this context, the two major issues are: (1) choice of a criteria-set and (2) mechanisms for the assessment of cloud services against each criterion for thorough continuous cloud service monitoring. In this paper, we focus on the issue of cloud service monitoring wherein the existing monitoring and assessment mechanisms are entirely dependent on various benchmark tests which, however, are unable to accurately determine or reliably predict the performance of actual cloud applications under a real workload. We discuss the recent research aimed at achieving this objective and propose a novel user-feedback-based approach which can monitor cloud performance more reliably and accurately as compared with the existing mechanisms.

Valencia, R, Miro, JV, Dissanayake, G, Andrade-Cetto, J, IEEE & Japan, RSO 1970, 'Active Pose SLAM', 2012 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS (IROS), IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IEEE, Algarve, Portugal, pp. 1885-1891.
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We present an active exploration strategy that complements Pose SLAM [1] and optimal navigation in Pose SLAM [2]. The method evaluates the utility of exploratory and place revisiting sequences and chooses the one that minimizes overall map and path entropies. The technique considers trajectories of similar path length taking marginal pose uncertainties into account. An advantage of the proposed strategy with respect to competing approaches is that to evaluate information gain over the map, only a very coarse prior map estimate needs to be computed. Its coarseness is independent and does not jeopardize the Pose SLAM estimate. Moreover, a replanning scheme is devised to detect significant localization improvement during path execution. The approach is tested in simulations in a common publicly available dataset comparing favorably against frontier based exploration. © 2012 IEEE.

Van Nguyen, L, Ranasinghe, R, Kodagoda, S & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Sensor selection based routing for monitoring Gaussian processes modeled spatial phenomena', Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, ACRA, Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, The ACRA 2012 Organising Committee, Wellington, New Zealand, pp. 1-7.
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This paper addresses the trade-off between the sensing quality and the energy consumption in the wireless sensor network associated with monitoring spatial phenomena. We use a non-parametric Gaussian Process to model the spatial phenomena to be monitored and simulated annealing based approximately heuristic algorithm for sensor selection. Our novel Sensor Selection based Routing (SSR) algorithm uses this model to identify the most informative nodes, which gives the root mean square prediction error less than a specified threshold, to construct the minimal energy-expended routing tree rooted at the sink. Our experiments have verified that the proposed computationally efficient SSR algorithm has significant advantages over conventional techniques.

Van Nguyen, TT, Phung, MD, Tran, TH & Tran, QV 1970, 'Mobile robot localization using fuzzy neural network based extended Kalman filter', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Control System, Computing and Engineering, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Control System, Computing and Engineering (ICCSCE), IEEE, Penang, MALAYSIA, pp. 416-421.
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Verma, V, Hossain, MJ, Saha, T & Chakraborty, C 1970, 'Performance of MRAS based speed estimators for grid connected doubly fed induction machines during voltage dips', 2012 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, 2012 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting. New Energy Horizons - Opportunities and Challenges, IEEE, San Diego, CA.
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Vidal-Calleja, TA & Agammenoni, G 1970, 'Integrated probabilistic generative model for detecting smoke on visual images', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), IEEE, St Paul, MN, pp. 2183-2188.
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Early fire detection is crucial to minimise damage and save lives. Video surveillance smoke detectors do not suffer from transport delays and can cover large areas. The smoke detection on images is, however, a difficult problem due the variability of smoke density, lighting conditions, background clutter, and unstable patterns. In order to solve this problem, we propose a novel unsupervised object classifier. Single visual features are classified using a model that simultaneously creates a codebook and categorises the smoke using a bag-of-words paradigm based on LDA model. Our algorithm can also tell the amount of smoke present on the image. Multiple image sequences from different cameras are used to show the viability of the proposed approach. Our experiments show that the model generalises well for different cameras, perspectives and scales. © 2012 IEEE.

Villain, B, Davis, M, Ridoux, J, Veitch, D & Normand, N 1970, 'Probing the latencies of software timestamping', 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Precision Clock Synchronization for Measurement, Control and Communication Proceedings, 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Precision Clock Synchronization for Measurement, Control and Communication (ISPCS), IEEE, San Francisco, CA, USA, pp. 1-6.
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Vizuete Luciano, E, Merigó, JM, Gil-Lafuente, AM & Boria Reverté, S 1970, 'OWA Operators in the Assignment Process: The Case of the Hungarian Algorithm', MODELING AND SIMULATION IN ENGINEERING, ECONOMICS, AND MANAGEMENT, MS 2012, International Conference of Modeling and Simulation in Engineering, Economics, and Management, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, New Rochelle, NY, pp. 166-177.
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Wang, C, Savkin, AV, Nguyen, TN & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'An algorithm for collision free navigation of an intelligent powered wheelchair in dynamic environments', 2012 12th International Conference on Control Automation Robotics & Vision (ICARCV), 2012 12th International Conference on Control Automation Robotics & Vision (ICARCV 2012), IEEE, Guangzhou, China, pp. 1571-1575.
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We propose a biologically inspired navigation algorithm and implement it on an intelligent wheelchair. The intelligent wheelchair demonstrates an excellent performance in detecting and avoiding static and moving obstacles under the guidance of the proposed algorithm, and it is able to safely and efficiently reach the target in a cluttered dynamic environment.

Wang, C, Wang, M, She, Z & Cao, L 1970, 'CD: A Coupled Discretization Algorithm', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Pacific-Asia Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, pp. 407-418.
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Discretization technique plays an important role in data mining and machine learning. While numeric data is predominant in the real world, many algorithms in supervised learning are restricted to discrete variables. Thus, a variety of research has been conducted on discretization, which is a process of converting the continuous attribute values into limited intervals. Recent work derived from entropy-based discretization methods, which has produced impressive results, introduces information attribute dependency to reduce the uncertainty level of a decision table; but no attention is given to the increment of certainty degree from the aspect of positive domain ratio. This paper proposes a discretization algorithm based on both positive domain and its coupling with information entropy, which not only considers information attribute dependency but also concerns deterministic feature relationship. Substantial experiments on extensive UCI data sets provide evidence that our proposed coupled discretization algorithm generally outperforms other seven existing methods and the positive domain based algorithm proposed in this paper, in terms of simplicity, stability, consistency, and accuracy. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

Wang, F, Toe, WJ, Harstone, A, Lee, WM, McGloin, D, Gao, Q, Tan, HH, Jagadish, C & Reece, PJ 1970, 'Mapping optical process in semiconductor nanowires using dynamic optical tweezers', SPIE Proceedings, SPIE NanoScience + Engineering, SPIE, San Diego, CA.
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We present a novel method for spatial mapping of the luminescent properties of single optically trapped semiconductor nanowires by combing dynamic optical tweezers with micro-photoluminescence. The technique involves the use of a spatial light modulator (SLM) to control the axial position of the trapping focus relative to the excitation source and collection optics. When a nanowire is held in this arrangement, scanning the axial position of the trapping beam enables different sections of the nanowire axis to be probed. In this context we consider the axial resolution of the luminescence mapping and optimization of the nanowire trapping by spherical aberration correction. © 2012 SPIE.

Wang, H, Hu, G, Huang, S & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'On the Structure of Nonlinearities in Pose Graph', Robotics: Science and Systems VIII, Robotics: Science and Systems 2012, Robotics: Science and Systems Foundation, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1-8.
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Pose graphs have become an attractive representation for solving Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) problems. In this paper, we analyze the structure of the nonlinearities in the 2D SLAM problem formulated as the optimizing of a pose graph. First, we prove that finding the optimal configuration of a very basic pose graph with 3 nodes (poses) and 3 edges (relative pose constraints) with spherical covariance matrices, which can be formulated as a six dimensional least squares optimization problem, is equivalent to solving a one dimensional optimization problem. Then we show that the same result can be extended to the optimizing of a pose graph with two anchor nodes where every edge is connecting to one of the two anchor nodes. Furthermore, we prove that the global minimum of the resulting one dimensional optimization problem must belong to a certain interval and there are at most 3 minima in that interval. Thus the globally optimal pose configuration of the pose graph can be obtained very easily through the bisection method and closed-form formulas.

Wang, Q, Zhang, Y, Sun, X & Liang, B 1970, 'A Covering Algorithm Based on Competition', Procedia Engineering, Elsevier BV, pp. 3175-3178.
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Wang, R, Tapson, J, Hamilton, TJ & van Schaik, A 1970, 'An aVLSI programmable axonal delay circuit with spike timing dependent delay adaptation', 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems - ISCAS 2012, IEEE, Seoul, SOUTH KOREA, pp. 2413-2416.
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Wang, S, Khushaba, R & Kodagoda, S 1970, 'Towards speed-independent road-type classification', 2012 12th International Conference on Control Automation Robotics & Vision (ICARCV), 2012 12th International Conference on Control Automation Robotics & Vision (ICARCV 2012), IEEE, Guangzhou, CHina, pp. 614-619.
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The knowledge of terrain types is not only useful for improving passenger's safety and comfort, but also for bounding safe navigation routes for autonomous vehicles. Most of the work in the literature is limited to rover operations at slower speeds or rovers with rigid wheels. This paper discusses and presents a critical analysis of speed independency of classifiers for passenger vehicles with tyres at road operating speeds. The suitability of using different features calculated based on vertically mounted accelerometer data as well as road profile data were analyzed. The experimental results agree with the literature, where speed independency could be achieved by using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) features extracted from the estimated road profiles. However, we also show that it is possible to achieve comparable results by extracting different features directly from acceleration data. This eliminates the requirement of accurate knowledge of the vehicle model parameters or speed of the vehicle. © 2012 IEEE.

Wang, S, Kodagoda, S & Ranasinghe, R 1970, 'Road terrain type classification based on laser measurement system data', Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, ACRA, Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, ARAA, Wellington, New Zealand, pp. 1-6.
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For road vehicles, knowledge of terrain types is useful in improving passenger safety and comfort. The conventional methods are susceptible to vehicle speed variations and in this paper we present a method of using Laser Measurement System (LMS) data for speed independent road type classification. Experiments were carried out with an instrumented road vehicle (CRUISE), by manually driving on a variety of road terrain types namely Asphalt, Concrete, Grass, and Gravel roads at different speeds. A looking down LMS is used for capturing the terrain data. The range data is capable of capturing the structural differences while the remission values are used to observe anomalies in surface reflectance properties. Both measurements are combined and used in a Support Vector Machines Classifier to achieve an average accuracy of 95% on different road types.

Wang, S, Kodagoda, S, Li, H & Shi, L 1970, 'Road Type Recognition Based on Vibration and Image Classification', PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MECHATRONIC SYSTEM AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY, 1st International Conference on Mechatronic System and Measurement Technology, SCIENCE PRESS USA INC, Nanjing, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 70-78.

Wang, S, Wu, Q, He, X & Xu, M 1970, 'On splitting dataset: Boosting Locally Adaptive Regression Kernels for car localization', 2012 12th International Conference on Control Automation Robotics & Vision (ICARCV), 2012 12th International Conference on Control Automation Robotics & Vision (ICARCV 2012), IEEE, Guangzhou, China (People's Republic of), pp. 1154-1159.
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In this paper, we study the impact of learning an Adaboost classifier with small sample set (i.e., with fewer training examples). In particular, we make use of car localization as an underlying application, because car localization can be widely used to various real world applications. In order to evaluate the performance of Adaboost learning with a few examples, we simply apply Adaboost learning to a recently proposed feature descriptor - Locally Adaptive Regression Kernel (LARK). As a type of state-of-the-art feature descriptor, LARK is robust against illumination changes and noises. More importantly, we use LARK because its spatial property is also favorable for our purpose (i.e., each patch in the LARK descriptor corresponds to one unique pixel in the original image). In addition to learning a detector from the entire training dataset, we also split the original training dataset into several sub-groups and then we train one detector for each sub-group. We compare those features associated using the detector of each sub-group with that of the detector learnt with the entire training dataset and propose improvements based on the comparison results. Our experimental results indicate that the Adaboost learning is only successful on a small dataset when those learnt features simultaneously satisfy two conditions that: 1. features are learnt from the Region of Interest (ROI), and 2. features are sufficiently far away from each other. © 2012 IEEE.

Wang, S, Yang, Y, Ma, Z, Li, X, Pang, C, Hauptmann, AG & IEEE 1970, 'Action Recognition by Exploring Data Distribution and Feature Correlation', 2012 IEEE CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION (CVPR), IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, IEEE, Providence, RI, USA, pp. 1370-1377.
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Human action recognition in videos draws strong research interest in computer vision because of its promising applications for video surveillance, video annotation, interactive gaming, etc. However, the amount of video data containing human actions is increasing exponentially, which makes the management of these resources a challenging task. Given a database with huge volumes of unlabeled videos, it is prohibitive to manually assign specific action types to these videos. Considering that it is much easier to obtain a small number of labeled videos, a practical solution for organizing them is to build a mechanism which is able to conduct action annotation automatically by leveraging the limited labeled videos. Motivated by this intuition, we propose an automatic video annotation algorithm by integrating semi-supervised learning and shared structure analysis into a joint framework for human action recognition. We apply our algorithm on both synthetic and realistic video datasets, including KTH [20], CareMedia dataset [1] , Youtube action [12] and its extended version, UCF50 [2] . Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the compared algorithms for action recognition. Most notably, our method has a very distinct advantage over other compared algorithms when we have only a few labeled samples. © 2012 IEEE.

Wang, T, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Zhang, Y 1970, 'An assessment of the influence of sampling frequency on steady-state performance of PMSM drive system', 2012 22nd Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference: 'Green Smart Grid Systems', AUPEC 2012, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, IEEE, Bali, Indonesia, pp. 1-4.
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This paper presents simulation and experimental studies of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) control methods, including vector control (VC) or field oriented control (FOC), direct torque control (DTC) and model predictive control (MPC). The steady-state performances under a range of sampling frequency (1.5k Hz-20k Hz) of each method are performed in Matlab/Simulink and dSAPCE system. A comprehensive analysis based on these tests shows that the efficiency of control methods (sampling frequency vs. torque ripple) decreases along with the increase of sampling frequency. © 2012 Institut Teknologi Sepulul.

Wang, X, Wang, Z & Xu, X 1970, 'Analytic Profit Optimization of Service-Based Systems', 2012 IEEE 19th International Conference on Web Services, 2012 IEEE 19th International Conference on Web Services (ICWS), IEEE, pp. 359-367.
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Service computing has become a dominant paradigm enabling the building of complex service-oriented systems, with the aim of business added-value. Because these systems are inevitably based on uncontrollable services on the unpredictable Internet, it is important to find effective ways of maximizing the profit of service-oriented systems in such unreliable environment. In this paper, we propose an analytic approach that employs a build-time analysis of the runtime dynamics of service execution to maximize the net profit from delivering composite services under full probability of uncertainty. We also present methods for improving the optimization efficiency, including reusing intermediate computation results and adopting specialized profit optimization algorithms. The superiority of the proposed approach is both theoretically proved and empirically demonstrated through experiments. © 2012 IEEE.

Wang, Z, Dissanayake, G & IEEE 1970, 'Exploiting Vehicle Motion Information in Monocular SLAM', 2012 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL, AUTOMATION, ROBOTICS & VISION (ICARCV), International Conference onControl Automation Robotics & Vision (ICARCV), IEEE, Guangzhou, China, pp. 1030-1035.
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It is now well known that increasing the number of features maintained in the mapping process of the monocular SLAM improves the accuracy of the outcome. This, however, increases the state dimension and the associated computational cost. This paper investigates and evaluates the improvement on SLAM results by exploiting camera motion information. For a camera mounted on a vehicle, its motion is subject to the vehicle motion model. The work of this paper shows that by introducing relative pose constraints calculated from image points by considering the underlying vehicle motion model (for example the non-holonomic vehicle motion model), it is possible to incorporate vehicle motion information into the system and achieve even more accurate SLAM results than maintaining all extracted features in the map. It is demonstrated that in this process, the state dimension is not increased, and the sparse structure of the SLAM problem is maintained. So the underlying sparseness in the SLAM problem structure can still be exploited for computational efficiency. Simulation and experiment results are presented to demonstrate the relative merits of incorporating vehicle motion information for motion estimation and mapping.

Ward, P & Liu, D 1970, 'Design of a high capacity Electro Permanent Magnetic adhesion for climbing robots', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO), 2012 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO), IEEE, Guangzhou, China, pp. 217-222.
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The interest for robotic solutions to perform inspection and maintenance of steel structures is realised with reduced costs, improved safety and improved efficiency. However current robotic solutions are limited by the required adhesion to support the robot and payload device. The design of an Electro Permanent Magnetic device is studied to yield a high capacity adhesion method for use with industrial climbing robots. The adhesion device must provide a lightweight, low power and a failsafe solution for ferromagnetic surfaces. The design process to achieve maximum holding force for Electro Permanent Magnets is presented. © 2012 IEEE.

Wei, B, Jin, Z, Zowghi, D & Yin, B 1970, 'Automated Reasoning with Goal Tree Models for Software Quality Requirements', 2012 IEEE 36th Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference Workshops, 2012 IEEE 36th IEEE Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference Workshops (COMPSACW), IEEE, Izmir, Turkey, pp. 373-378.
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Implementation of software quality requirements is critical for producing high-quality softwares. High-level quality requirements are usually refined stepwise by different low-level quality requirements, until some potential functional design alternatives are identified. An important question is how design alternatives can be effectively selected to satisfice the quality requirements. This paper focuses on the satisficing statuses of nodes in the quality requirements goal tree models, and presents an automated reasoning technique to select design alternatives. The final satisficing status of quality requirements can be obtained provided that the satisficing statuses of design alternatives are assigned. Existing approaches propose reasoning approaches which do not support efficient identification if many design alternatives and candidate solutions may exist. Our work provides an alternative approach to identify what is the acceptable design decision in a timely manner. A case study is also presented to illustrate our proposed automated reasoning approach.

Wei, W, Fan, X, Li, J & Cao, L 1970, 'Model the complex dependence structures of financial variables by using canonical vine', Proceedings of the 21st ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management, CIKM'12: 21st ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, ACM, Maui, Hawaii, USA, pp. 1382-1391.
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Financial variables such as asset returns in the massive market contain various hierarchical and horizontal relationships forming complicated dependence structures. Modeling and mining of these structures is challenging due to their own high structural complexities as well as the stylized facts of the market data. This paper introduces a new canonical vine dependence model to identify the asymmetric and non-linear dependence structures of asset returns without any prior independence assumptions. To simplify the model while maintaining its merit, a partial correlation based method is proposed to optimize the canonical vine. Compared with the original canonical vine, the new model can still maintain the most important dependence but many unimportant nodes are removed to simplify the canonical vine structure. Our model is applied to construct and analyze dependence structures of European stocks as case studies. Its performance is evaluated by measuring portfolio of Value at Risk, a widely used risk management measure. In comparison to a very recent canonical vine model and the 'full' model, our experimental results demonstrate that our model has a much better quality of Value at Risk, providing insightful knowledge for investors to control and reduce the aggregation risk of the portfolio. © 2012 ACM.

Willey, K & Gardner, AP 1970, 'Threshold exams to promote learning and assurance of learning', Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference for the Australasian Association for Engineering Education - The Profession of Engineering Education: Advancing Teaching, Research and Careers, AAEE - Annual Conference of Australasian Association for Engineering Education, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1-10.
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BACKGROUND Formal examinations are often used in engineering classes as the tool to evaluate student learning. These exams are often high stakes assessment tasks and provide no opportunity for feed-forward. Despite academic claims that all topics in their subject are requisite material, students are regularly able to pass these assessment tasks with unsatisfactory, and perhaps even no capacity to demonstrate learning in some topics. Furthermore, while undertaking the exam often highlights to students their learning deficiencies, it typically has no impact on their learning as they rarely receive feedback other than a mark or grade and there is no further opportunity to address these learning gaps. This paper reports on the impact of a two-staged examination process on both student learning and assurance of that learning. PURPOSE The aim of the staged examination process was to improve confidence that students had satisfactory knowledge in all requisite subject topics and to test its capacity to be learning-oriented in that it provides improved opportunities for students to learn while simultaneously increasing the level of learning assurance. DESIGN/METHOD The first stage of the process was an exam that covered all requisite subject topics. This exam consisted of multiple choice questions set at or just above the level of threshold learning outcomes. Students were required to score 80% on this exam to qualify to undertake the second part of the assessment process at a later date. Students used IFAT (Immediate Feedback Assessment Technique) cards for this stage to facilitate immediate feedback as to their strengths and weaknesses. The time between exams allowed students to review identified areas of weakness before attempting the second stage of the exam. Note: while not contributing to their final grade students who failed the first exam were also permitted to undertake the second exam as an opportunity to learn and as a means of evaluating the impact of the proc...

Willey, K, Gardner, A & IEEE 1970, 'Collaborative Learning Frameworks to Promote a Positive Learning Culture', 2012 FRONTIERS IN EDUCATION CONFERENCE (FIE), IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference, IEEE, Seattle, Washington, USA, pp. 638-643.
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Engineers are often required to make critical judgments involving decisions that extend beyond traditional discipline boundaries. This requires professional engineers to undertake ongoing learning. Much of this learning is informal, learnt on the job from peers. Hence, to prepare students for professional practice they require opportunities to experience, practise, reflect and improve their ability to work in collaborative learning environments. While few would argue the benefits of collaborative learning these benefits are not automatic. Thoughtful design including scaffolding to motivate desired approaches and behavior is required. In this paper we report the results of several studies investigating the components of successful collaborative learning activities. We found that assessment scaffolding directed at promoting a culture of learning rather than a focus on passing a series of assessments was effective in engaging students, that formative activities allowed students to focus on learning and that learning from collaborative activities improved if the activities included variation for learning and a confirmation task. Using the results of these studies we developed two frameworks characterizing the elements of collaborative learning activities. In this paper we report investigating the capacity of these frameworks to develop an effective and integrated learning experience for students.

Winter, R, Marjanovic, O & Wixom, BH 1970, 'Introduction to the Business Analytics, Business Intelligence and Data Warehousing Minitrack', 2012 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2012 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), IEEE, p. 4128.
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Wong, GY, Leung, FHF, Ling, S-H & IEEE 1970, 'Predicting Protein-Ligand Binding Site with Differential Evolution and Support Vector Machine', 2012 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS (IJCNN), IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, IEEE, Australia, pp. 2724-2729.
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Identification of protein-ligand binding site is an important task in structure-based drug design and docking algorithms. In these two decades, many different approaches have been developed to predict the binding site, such as geometric, energetic and sequence-based methods. When the scores are calculated from these methods, the method of classification is very important and can affect the prediction results greatly. A developed support vector machine (SVM) is used to classify the pockets, which are most likely to bind ligands with the attributes of grid value, interaction potential, offset from protein, conservation score and the information around the pockets. Since SVM is sensitive to the input parameters and the positive samples are more relevant than negative samples, differential evolution (DE) is applied to find out the suitable parameters for SVM. We compare our algorithm to four other approaches: LIGSITE, SURFNET, PocketFinder and Concavity. Our algorithm is found to provide the highest success rate.

Wong, MT, He, X, Nguyen, H & Yeh, W-C 1970, 'Mass Classification in Digitized Mammograms Using Texture Features and Artificial Neural Network', Lecture Notes in Computer Science, International Conference on Neural Information Processing, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Doha, Qatar, pp. 151-158.
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A technique is proposed to classify regions of interests (ROIs) of digitized mammograms into mass and non-mass regions using texture features and artificial neural network (ANN). Fifty ROIs were extracted from the MIAS MiniMammographic Database, with 25 ROIs containing masses and 25 ROIs containing normal breast tissue only. Twelve texture features were derived from the gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) of each region. The sequential forward selection technique was used to select four significant features from the twelve features. These significant features were used in the ANN to classify the ROI into either mass or non-mass region. By using leave-one-out method on the 50 images using the four significant features, classification accuracy of 86% was achieved for ANN. The test result using the four significant features is better than the full set of twelve features. The proposed method is compared with some existing works and promising results are obtained

Wu, D, Ghassemlooy, Z, Le Minh, H, Rajbhandari, S, Khalighi, MA & Tang, X 1970, 'Optimisation of Lambertian Order for Indoor Non-directed Optical Wireless Communication', 2012 1ST IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS IN CHINA WORKSHOPS (ICCC), 1st IEEE International Conference on Communications in China (ICCC), IEEE COMPUTER SOC, PEOPLES R CHINA, Beijing, pp. 43-48.

Wu, D, Zhang, G, Lu, J & Halang, WA 1970, 'A similarity measure on tree structured business data', ACIS 2012 : Proceedings of the 23rd Australasian Conference on Information Systems, Australasian Conference on Information Systems, ACIS, Geelong, Vic., pp. 1-10.
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In many business situations, products or user profile data are so complex that they need to be described by use of tree structures. Evaluating the similarity between tree-structured data is essential in many applications, such as recommender systems. To evaluate the similarity between two trees, concept corresponding nodes should be identified by constructing an edit distance mapping between them. Sometimes, the intension of one concept includes the intensions of several other concepts. In that situation, a one-to-many mapping should be constructed from the point of view of structures. This paper proposes a tree similarity measure model that can construct this kind of mapping. The similarity measure model takes into account all the information on nodes' concepts, weights, and values. The conceptual similarity and the value similarity between two trees are evaluated based on the constructed mapping, and the final similarity measure is assessed as a weighted sum of their conceptual and value similarities. The effectiveness of the proposed similarity measure model is shown by an illustrative example and is also demonstrated by applying it into a recommender system. Dianshuang Wu, Guangquan Zhang, Jie Lu, Wolfgang A. Halang © 2012.

Wu, J, Luo, Z, Zhang, N & Zhang, Y 1970, 'A Chebyshev meta-model for uncertain optimization of vehicle suspensions', Proceedings: 4th International Conference on Computational Methods, International Conference on Computational Methods, Queensland Uinersity of Technology, Crowne Plaza, Gold Coast, Australia, pp. 1-9.

Wu, Y, Lu, S, Mei, T, Zhang, J & Li, S 1970, 'Local visual words coding for low bit rate mobile visual search', Proceedings of the 20th ACM international conference on Multimedia, MM '12: ACM Multimedia Conference, ACM, Nara, Japan., pp. 989-992.
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Mobile visual search has attracted extensive attention for its huge potential for numerous applications. Research on this topic has been focused on two schemes: sending query images, and sending compact descriptors extracted on mobile phones. The first scheme requires about 30-40KB data to transmit, while the second can reduce the bit rate by 10 times. In this paper, we propose a third scheme for extremely low bit rate mobile visual search, which sends compressed visual words consisting of vocabulary tree histogram and descriptor orientations rather than descriptors. This scheme can further reduce the bit rate with few extra computational costs on the client. Specifically, we store a vocabulary tree and extract visual descriptors on the mobile client. A light-weight pre-retrieval is performed to obtain the visited leaf nodes in the vocabulary tree. The orientation of each local descriptor and the tree histogram are then encoded to be transmitted to server. Our new scheme transmits less than 1KB data, which reduces the bit rate in the second scheme by 3 times, and obtains about 30% improvement in terms of search accuracy over the traditional Bag-of-Words baseline. The time cost is only 1.5 secs on the client and 240 msecs on the server. © 2012 ACM.

Wu, Y, Zowghi, D, Peng, X & Zhao, W 1970, 'Towards understanding requirement evolution in a software product line an industrial case study', 2012 First IEEE International Workshop on the Twin Peaks of Requirements and Architecture (TwinPeaks), 2012 IEEE First International Workshop on the Twin Peaks of Requirements and Architecture (Twin Peaks), IEEE, Chicago, Illinois, USA, pp. 7-14.
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In most software development practices, software requirements and architecture are addressed simultaneously. The architecture may grow based on a core specification of requirements, and the requirements may also be elicited incrementally as the architecture gets more and more concrete. In this paper, we present a case study on the development history of Wingsoft Examination System Product Line (WES-PL), an active, industrial software product line with a history of more than eight years. We focus on 10 member products, 51 major versions that have been delivered to customer or archived in the repository between December 2003 and May 2012, by tracing both requirement and architectural changes. We identify a requirement change classification from the viewpoint of architectural impact. We claim that software requirements are negotiated and may be guided by existing software architecture design, especially in the process of software product line development. Product strategy requirements play an important role in marketing requirement negotiation. We also find typical evidences showing that a product leader or architect has to make difficult decisions to keep a balance between marketing requirements from customer-side and software architectural design from his own side. © 2012 IEEE.

Xia, X, Setlhaolo, D & Zhang, J 1970, 'Residential demand response strategies for South Africa', IEEE Power and Energy Society Conference and Exposition in Africa: Intelligent Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Resources (PowerAfrica), 2012 IEEE Power & Energy Society Conference and Exposition in Africa: Intelligent Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Resources (PowerAfrica 2012), IEEE, Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA.
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Xia, X, Ye, X & Zhang, J 1970, 'Optimal metering plan of measurement and verification for energy efficiency lighting projects', 2012 Southern African Energy Efficiency Convention (SAEEC), 2012 Southern African Energy Effciency Convention (SAEEC), IEEE, Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA.
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Xiang Luo, Xiang Thomas Ren, Yan Li & Jianguo Jack Wang 1970, 'Mobile surveying system for road assets monitoring and management', 2012 7th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), 2012 7th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), IEEE, Singapore, pp. 1688-1693.
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Road assets' condition has a critical impact on road safety and efficiency. It is a big challenge to accurately and efficiently monitor and manage road assets. This paper proposes a mobile surveying system that is cost efficient and robust to acquire and manage road assets information in highly dynamic environments like highways and urban streets, where the data collection has previously been laborious and even dangerous for the staff performing the survey. Equipped with laser measurement systems, camera, proprioceptive sensors and novel sensor fusion algorithms; the proposed system can survey and manage road assets expeditiously. Laser sensors measure surroundings with range and remission data. Range data is processed to build up 3D model of surveyed objectives with position and attitude information from proprioceptive sensors. Remission data is used for extracting traffic lanes and signs on the roads. Each traffic lane's clearance of structures, like bridges and tunnels, is calculated and marked on the 3D model, and compared with the signs captured by the camera. Road surface condition is measured by both inertial and laser sensors. Any abnormal circumstance detected is reported automatically. The surveying results are presented in a user friendly interface and saved as videos for convenient data management. Experimental results of a prototype system demonstrate its performance for road assets monitoring and management. © 2012 IEEE.

Xiang, Y, Natgunanathan, I, Peng, D, Zhou, W & Yu, S 1970, 'A Dual-Channel Time-Spread Echo Method for Audio Watermarking', IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), pp. 383-392.
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Xianjun Yang, Dutkiewicz, E, Qimei Cui, Xiaofeng Tao, Guo, YJ & Xiaojing Huang 1970, 'Compressed Network Coding for Distributed Storage in Wireless Sensor Networks', 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia, pp. 816-821.
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Distributed storage plays a very important role in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), especially in catastrophic scenarios. To improve the energy efficiency of distributed storage, this paper proposes a Compressed Network Coding based Distributed Storage (CNCDS) scheme. Exploiting the correlation of sensor readings and utilizing the Compressed Sensing (CS) theory and network coding technology, the proposed CNCDS scheme achieves good energy efficiency by reducing the number of transmissions and receptions. Theoretical analysis proves that, the measurement matrix of CNCDS scheme guarantees good CS recovery performance. Simulation results show that, compared with the conventional ICStorage scheme, the proposed CNCDS scheme reduces the number of transmissions, the number of receptions and the CS recovery mean squared error (MSE) by up to 55%, 74% and 76% respectively. In contrast to the conventional NICStorage scheme, the proposed CNCDS scheme can simultaneously reduce the number of transmissions, receptions and recovery MSE. © 2012 IEEE.

Xu, G & Wu, Z 1970, 'On Smart and Accurate Contextual Advertising', Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Database Systems for Advanced Applications, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Busan, South Korea, pp. 104-104.
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Wide Web to attract customers, has become one of the most important marketing channels. As one prevalent type ofWeb advertising, contextual advertising refers to the placement of the most relevant commercial ads into the content of a Web page, so as to increase the number of adclicks. However, some problems such as homonymy and polysemy, low intersection of keywords, and context mismatch, can lead to the selection of irrelevant ads for a generic page, making that the traditional keyword matching techniques generally present a poor accuracy. Furthermore, existing contextual advertising techniques only take into consideration how to select as relevant ads for a generic page as possible, without considering the positional effect of the ad placement in the page. In this paper, we propose a new contextual advertising framework to tackle problems, which (1) usesWikipedia concept and category information to enrich the semantic representation of a page (or a textual ad) and (2) takes the placement position of embedded advertise into account. To accomplish these steps, we first map each page (or ad) into three feature vectors: a keyword vector, a concept vector and a category vector. Second, we determine the relevant ads for a given page based on a similarity measure which combines the above three feature vectors. In dealing with position-wise contextual advertising, the relevant ads are selected based on not only global context relevance but also local context relevance, so that the embedded ads yield contextual relevance to both the whole targeted page and the insertion positions where the ads are placed. We experimentally validate our approach by using a real ads set, a real pages set , and a set of more than 260,000 concepts and 12,000 categories from Wikipedia. The experimental results show that our approach performs better than the simple keyword matching and can improve the precision of ads-selection effectively.

Xu, J, Wu, Q, Zhang, J & Tang, Z 1970, 'Object Detection Based on Co-occurrence GMuLBP Features', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME), IEEE, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, pp. 943-948.
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Image co-occurrence has shown great powers on object classification because it captures the characteristic of individual features and spatial relationship between them simultaneously. For example, Co-occurrence Histogram of Oriented Gradients (CoHOG) has achieved great success on human detection task. However, the gradient orientation in CoHOG is sensitive to noise. In addition, CoHOG does not take gradient magnitude into account which is a key component to reinforce the feature detection. In this paper, we propose a new LBP feature detector based image co-occurrence. Building on uniform Local Binary Patterns, the new feature detector detects Co-occurrence Orientation through Gradient Magnitude calculation. It is known as CoGMuLBP. An extension version of the GoGMuLBP is also presented. The experimental results on the UIUC car data set show that the proposed features outperform state-of-the-art methods. © 2012 IEEE.

Xu, KC, Dutkiewicz, E, Huang, X & Guo, YJ 1970, 'Ranging based positioning employing co-operative arrays', 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia, pp. 1055-1059.
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A novel wireless positioning method employing an array of sensors which are capable of doing range estimates is proposed. Collectively, all the sensors in the sensor array can produce the direction of arrival (DoA) and the range information of mobile targets. To improve the positioning accuracy, it is proposed to introduce co-operations between the sensor arrays. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the use of the co-operation can increase the positioning accuracy significantly. Compared with other known methods, the proposed method does not require any phase measurement in the sensor arrays, so the system is relatively easy to operate and maintain. © 2012 IEEE.

Xu, W, Lei, G, Zhang, Y, Wang, T, Zhu, J & IEEE 1970, 'Development of Electrical Drive System for the UTS PHEV', 2012 IEEE ENERGY CONVERSION CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION (ECCE), IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, IEEE, Raleigh, NC, USA, pp. 1886-1893.
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In this paper, a novel drive configuration of the University of Technology, Sydney (UTS) plug-in HEV (PHEV) is introduced firstly, which has only one electric machine functioning as either a motor or generator at a time. Unlike conventional hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), the UTS PHEV should be governed by one special energy management strategy (EMS) particularly in different time intervals, such as the transition from motor to generator. From the system view, the performance analysis of the whole car have been done by the help of PSAT software so as to decide main dimensions for the drive configurations, and brief comparisons are made to the fuel economy and the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions between traditional HEV and UTS PHEV. After that, for continuous working based the sole machine, more strict requests are put forward to the drive system, mainly including high torque/power density, good thermal dissipation capability, great flux weakening ability for high speed cruising, strong mechanical redundancy capability, etc. As per these tough requirements, qualitative and quantitative comparisons are made on different types of drive machines, especially on those series of stator-mounted permanent magnet machines (SMPMMs), including double salient permanent magnet machine (DSPMM), flux reversal machine (FRM), and flux switching permanent magnet machine (FSPMM). Then one new axially laminated flux switching permanent magnet machine (ALFSPMM) is proposed, which stator and rotor are laminated in parallel to the axis. It can make full usage of PM flux linkage and reduce the core loss particularly in the high excitation frequency. Based on the 2D model prediction by finite element algorithm (FEA), the ALFSPMM has lower cogging torque, higher torque density, greater flux weakening ability, higher efficiency, etc., and hence it can be regarded as one ideal candidate for the UTS PHEV drive system. In order to save time and expense, one prototype with 2 kW has been built u...

Xu, Y & Lee, JE-Y 1970, 'Evidence on the impact of T-shaped tether variations on Q factor of bulk-mode square-plate resonators', 2012 7th IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS), 2012 7th IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS), IEEE.
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Xu, Y, Luo, T, Xu, G & Pan, R 1970, 'A Topic-Oriented Syntactic Component Extraction Model for Social Media', Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, Human Centric Technology and Service in Smart Space, Springer Netherlands, Gwangju, Korea, pp. 221-229.
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Topic-oriented understanding is to extract information from various language instances, which reflects the characteristics or trends of semantic information related to the topic via statistical analysis. The syntax analysis and modeling is the basis of such work. Traditional syntactic formalization approaches widely used in natural language understanding could not be simply applied to the text modeling in the context of topic-oriented understanding. In this paper, we review the information extraction mode, and summarize its inherent relationship with the "Subject- Predicate" syntactic structure in Aryan language. And we propose a syntactic element extraction model based on the "topic-description" structure, which contains six kinds of core elements, satisfying the desired requirement for topic-oriented understanding. This paper also describes the model composition, the theoretical framework of understanding process, the extraction method of syntactic components, and the prototype system of generating syntax diagrams. The proposed model is evaluated on the Reuters 21578 and SocialCom2009 data sets, and the results show that the recall and precision of syntactic component extraction are up to 93.9% and 88%, respectively, which further justifies the feasibility of generating syntactic component through the word dependencies. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media.

Xu, Y, Zhu, H & Lee, JE-Y 1970, 'Benchmarking the passive differential input technique to shielded GSG probes', 2012 7th IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS), 2012 7th IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS), IEEE.
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Xu, Z, Fitch, R, Sukkarieh, S & IEEE 1970, 'Learning Utility Models for Decentralised Coordinated Target Tracking', 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION (ICRA), IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, IEEE, Saint Paul, MN, USA, pp. 1753-1759.
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In decentralised target tracking, a set of sensors observes moving targets. When the sensors are static but steerable, each sensor must dynamically choose which target to observe in a decentralised manner. We show that the information exchanged by the sensors to synchronise their beliefs can be exploited to learn a model of the utility function that drives each others' decisions. Instead of communicating utilities to enable negotiation, each sensor regresses on the learnt model to predict the utilities of other team members. This approach bridges the gap between coordinating implicitly, a locally-greedy solution, and negotiating explicitly. We validated our approach in both hardware and simulations, and found that it out-performed implicit coordination by a statistically significant margin with both ideal and limited communications. © 2012 IEEE.

Yan, N, Li, J, Dackermann, U & Samali, B 1970, 'Numerical and experimental investigations of stress wave propagation in utility poles under soil influence', From materials to structures: Advancement through innovation, Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, CRC Press, Sydney, Australia, pp. 593-598.
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Over the past decades, different types of non-destructive testing (NDT) methods have been developed for the condition assessment of timber structures. Stress wave methods, which are based on stress wave propagation theory, are considered to be simple and cost-effective tools for identifying damage as well as embedment length of timber poles/piles. However, due to the lack of understanding on wave propagation in such structures, especially under the influence of surroundings such as soil, these methods encounter difficulties in producing reliable results. In this paper, an investigation was carried out on the wave propagation behaviour in utility timber poles under consideration of soil effects. The commercial finite element (FE) analysis software ANSYS was used to simulate stress wave propagation in a timber utility pole under the influence of soil. In order to verify the numerical findings, laboratory testing was also conducted in dual course with the numerical modelling.

Yang, L & Deuse, J 1970, 'Multiple-attribute Decision Making for an Energy Efficient Facility Layout Design', Procedia CIRP, Elsevier BV, pp. 149-154.
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Due to restricted energy resources, energy efficiency which was always ignored over the past decades becomes a significant challenge for many factories. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate energy relevant criteria with traditional criteria in the layout planning phase. The proposed approach employs a hybrid approach which integrates analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and preference ranking organization methods for enrichment evaluations (PROMETHEE) with the purpose of solving a facility layout problem (FLP). The AHP is used to determine the weights for each criterion and PROMETHEE is applied to get the final ranking. Finally, a case study is used to validate the proposed approach. © 2012 The Authors.

Yang, M & Sharma, D 1970, 'The Impacts of Electricity Industry Reforms on Electricity Prices', 3rd International Association for Energy Economics (IAEE) Asian Conference, Kyoto, Japan.

Yang, X, Guo, YJ, Cui, Q, Tao, X & Huang, X 1970, 'Random circulant orthogonal matrix based Analog Compressed Sensing', 2012 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), GLOBECOM 2012 - 2012 IEEE Global Communications Conference, IEEE, Anaheim, CA, pp. 3605-3609.
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Analog Compressed Sensing (CS) has attracted considerable research interest in sampling area. One of the promising analog CS technique is the recently proposed Modulated Wideband Converter (MWC). However, MWC has a very high hardware complexity due to its parallel structure. To reduce the hardware complexity of MWC, this paper proposes a novel Random Circulant Orthogonal Matrix based Analog Compressed Sensing (RCOM-ACS) scheme. By circularly shifting the periodic mixing function, the RCOM-ACS scheme reduces the number of physical parallel channels from m to 1 at the cost of longer processing time, where m is in the order of several dozen to several hundred in MWC. It is proved that the m×M measurement matrix of RCOM-ACS scheme satisfies the Restricted Isometry Property (RIP) condition with probability 1-M -O(1) when m = O(rlog2Mlog3r), where M is the length of the periodic mixing function, r denotes the sparsity of the input signal. Furthermore, to make a good tradeoff between processing time and hardware complexity, a short processing time RCOM-ACS scheme is proposed in this paper. Simulation results show that, the proposed schemes outperform MWC in terms of recovery performance. © 2012 IEEE.

Yang, Y & Bao, C 1970, 'A Novel Discriminant Locality Preserving Projections for MDM-based Speaker Classification', 2012 Third Global Congress on Intelligent Systems, 2012 Third Global Congress on Intelligent Systems (GCIS), IEEE, Wuhan, China, pp. 127-130.
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Speaker classification is an important component for audio indexing technology for many applications such as multimedia conferencing. The primary input device of NIST speaker classification evaluation is Multiple Distant Microphones (MDM). MDM is composed of multiple microphones and has the merit of low price and easy-to-use. The spatial time-delay vector of MDM can be extracted as the speaker's discriminant feature. However the feature dimension will be expanded quickly with the increasing number of sensors. Locality Preserving Projections (LPP) and Discriminant locality preserving projection (DLPP) are the principal manifold dimension-reduction algorithms being proposed recently. In this paper, we proposed a novel method to overcome the drawbacks of traditional manifold algorithms such as the lack of class information or spatial identification information. Some basic concepts of spatial time-delay feature and merging feature for MDM speaker classification are first introduced. A review of known DLPP algorithm followed by Fisher criterion is given. Then the Multi-component Discriminant Locality Preserving Projections (MDLPP) method for speaker classification with MDM is described. Comparative experiment results on real meeting data showed the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Yang, Y, Shen, D, Dutkiewicz, E & Fang, G 1970, 'Channel model for in-body WBAN', Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, 2012 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium and USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, IEEE.
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This paper presents an experimental investigation into the in-body channel in 400 MHz MICS Band. By taking into account the joint effect of human movement and multipath effects, the measurements have been conducted in a populated office at very short distances. The dynamic channel behaviour has been captured and based on the statistical analyses of fading duration, a six-state Semi-markov model that considers both Line of Sight (LOS) and Non Line of Sight (NLOS) cases is proposed. Parameters of the Semi-markov model are estimated from the measured data. The validity of this model is confirmed by comparison of the first order and second order statistics of the proposed model with the measured data. © 2012 IEEE.

Yang, Y, Yang, Y, Huang, Z, Liu, J & Ma, Z 1970, 'Robust cross-media transfer for visual event detection', Proceedings of the 20th ACM international conference on Multimedia, MM '12: ACM Multimedia Conference, ACM, Nara, Japan, pp. 1045-1048.
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In this paper, we present a novel approach, named Robust Cross-Media Transfer (RCMT), for visual event detection in social multimedia environments. Different from most existing methods, the proposed method can directly take different types of noisy social multimedia data as input and conduct robust event detection. More specifically, we build a robust model by employing an l 2,1-norm regression model featuring noise tolerance, and also manage to integrate different types of social multimedia data by minimizing the distribution difference among them. Experimental results on real-life Flickr image dataset and YouTube video dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposal, compared to state-of-the-art algorithms. © 2012 ACM.

Yazdani, D, Akbarzadeh-Totonchi, MR, Nasiri, B & Meybodi, MR 1970, 'A new artificial fish swarm algorithm for dynamic optimization problems', 2012 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2012 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), IEEE.
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Artificial fish swarm algorithm is one of the swarm intelligence algorithms which performs based on population and stochastic search contributed to solve optimization problems. This algorithm has been applied in various applications e.g. data clustering, neural networks learning, nonlinear function optimization, etc. Several problems in real world are dynamic and uncertain, which could not be solved in a similar manner of static problems. In this paper, for the first time, a modified artificial fish swarm algorithm is proposed in consideration of dynamic environments optimization. The results of the proposed approach were evaluated using moving peak benchmarks, which are known as the best metric for evaluating dynamic environments, and also were compared with results of several state-of-the-art approaches. The experimental results show that the performance of the proposed method outperforms that of other algorithms in this domain. © 2012 IEEE.

Yazdani, D, Arabshahi, A, Sepas-Moghaddam, A & Dehshibi, MM 1970, 'A multilevel thresholding method for image segmentation using a novel hybrid intelligent approach', 2012 12th International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems (HIS), 2012 12th International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems (HIS), IEEE, pp. 137-142.
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Swarm intelligence algorithms have been extensively used in clustering based applications e.g. image segmentation which is one of the fundamental components in image analysis and pattern recognition domains. Particle swarm optimization is amongst swarm intelligence algorithms that performs based on population and random search. In this paper, a hybrid algorithm based on PSO, k-means and learning automata is proposed for image segmentation. In the proposed algorithm, learning automata is responsible for activating and deactivating PSO and k-means methods based on current conditions of the segmentation problem. The proposed approach along with other comparative studies has been applied for segmenting benchmark images. Efficiency of the proposed method has been compared with that of other methods and experimental results show the superiority proposed algorithm. © 2012 IEEE.

Yi Yang, Baker, S, Kannan, A & Ramanan, D 1970, 'Recognizing proxemics in personal photos', 2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), IEEE.
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Yi Yang, Hauptmann, A, Ming-Yu Chen, Yang Cai, Bharucha, A & Wactlar, H 1970, 'Learning to predict health status of geriatric patients from observational data', 2012 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (CIBCB), 2012 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (CIBCB), IEEE, San Diego, CA, USA, pp. 127-134.
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Data for diagnosis and clinical studies are now typically gathered by hand. While more detailed, exhaustive behavioral assessments scales have been developed, they have the drawback of being too time consuming and manual assessment can be subjective. Besides, clinical knowledge is required for accurate manual assessment, for which extensive training is needed. Therefore our great research challenge is to leverage machine learning techniques to better understand patients health status automatically based on continuous computer observations. In this paper, we study the problem of health status prediction for geriatric patients using observational data. In the first part of this paper, we propose a distance metric learning algorithm to learn a Mahalanobis distance which is more precise for similarity measures. In the second part, we propose a robust classifier based on ℓ 2,1-norm regression to predict the geriatric patients' health status. We test the algorithm on a dataset collected from a nursing home. Experiment shows that our algorithm achieves encouraging performance. © 2012 IEEE.

Yihuai Yang, Gengfa Fang, Dutkiewicz, E & Dongya Shen 1970, 'Statistical characterization of the 400 MHz in-body propagation channel in in-door environments', 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia, pp. 48-53.
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Channel modeling is the starting point of effective, efficient body-centric communications. Many efforts [2]-[6] have been made to characterize the on-body area propagation channel in static scenarios at various frequency bands in an anechoic chamber. This paper presents an experimental investigation into the in-body channel in 400 MHz MICS Band. By taking into account the joint effect of human movement and multipath effects, the measurements have been conducted in a populated office at very short distances. The dynamic channel behaviour has been captured and based on the statistical analyses of fading duration, a six-state Semi-markov model that considers both Line of Sight (LOS) and Non Line of Sight (NLOS) cases is proposed. Parameters of the Semi-markov model are estimated from the measured data. The validity of this model is confirmed by comparison of the first order and second order statistics of the proposed model with the measured data. © 2012 IEEE.

Yin Song & Cao, L 1970, 'Graph-based coupled behavior analysis: A case study on detecting collaborative manipulations in stock markets', The 2012 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), 2012 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 2012 - Brisbane), IEEE, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 1-8.
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Coupled behaviors, which refer to behaviors having some relationships between them, are usually seen in many real-world scenarios, especially in stock markets. Recently, the coupled hidden Markov model (CHMM)-based coupled behavior analysis has been proposed to consider the coupled relationships in a hidden state space. However, it requires aggregation of the behavioral data to cater for the CHMM modeling, which may overlook the couplings within the aggregated behaviors to some extent. In addition, the Markov assumption limits its capability to capturing temporal couplings. Thus, this paper proposes a novel graph-based framework for detecting abnormal coupled behaviors. The proposed framework represents the coupled behaviors in a graph view without aggregating the behavioral data and is flexible to capture richer coupling information of the behaviors (not necessarily temporal relations). On top of that, the couplings are learned via relational learning methods and an efficient anomaly detection algorithm is proposed as well. Experimental results on a real-world data set in stock markets show that the proposed framework outperforms the CHMM- based one in both technical and business measures. © 2012 IEEE.

Yin, J, Zheng, Z & Cao, L 1970, 'USpan: an efficient algorithm for mining high utility sequential patterns.', KDD, ACM International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, ACM, Beijing, China, pp. 660-668.
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Sequential pattern mining plays an important role in many applications, such as bioinformatics and consumer behavior analysis. However, the classic frequency-based framework often leads to many patterns being identified, most of which are not informative enough for business decision-making. In frequent pattern mining, a recent effort has been to incorporate utility into the pattern selection framework, so that high utility (frequent or infrequent) patterns are mined which address typical business concerns such as dollar value associated with each pattern. In this paper, we incorporate utility into sequential pattern mining, and a generic framework for high utility sequence mining is defined. An efficient algorithm, USpan, is presented to mine for high utility sequential patterns. In USpan, we introduce the lexicographic quantitative sequence tree to extract the complete set of high utility sequences and design concatenation mechanisms for calculating the utility of a node and its children with two effective pruning strategies. Substantial experiments on both synthetic and real datasets show that USpan efficiently identifies high utility sequences from large scale data with very low minimum utility. © 2012 ACM.

Yoo, CB, Hawryszkiewycz, I & Kang, K 1970, 'Multiple perspectives framework to model complex processes', ACIS 2012 : Proceedings of the 23rd Australasian Conference on Information Systems, Australasian Conference on Information Systems, ACIS, Deakin University, Geelong, pp. 1-10.
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The growing complexity of organisations has resulted in collaboration between multiple stakeholders becoming a challenging and critical issue that organisations must address in order to ensure their practices are sustainable. A multiple-case field study was conducted in order to demonstrate the proposed methodology of analysis and examination for knowledge-based systems in an actual organisational setting. The use of a multiple-perspective framework to improve understanding of the complex relationships in such systems was examined. In particular, the case study focused on the Australian Government's Nation Building Economic Stimulus Plan (NBESP) which provided $1.9 billion to construct social housing across the State over two years. The results suggest that the use of a multi-perspective framework is appropriate and that there is a need for attention to be paid to the economic perspective. Choonbae Yoo © 2012.

Yu Zong, Guandong Xu, Ping Jin, Xun Yi, Enhong Chen & Zongda Wu 1970, 'A projective clustering algorithm based on significant local dense areas', The 2012 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), 2012 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 2012 - Brisbane), IEEE, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 1-8.
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Yu, K & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'CRLB derivation for mobile tracking in NLOS propagation environments', 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Gold Coast, QLD Australia, pp. 1148-1153.
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This article presents theoretical analysis for mobile tracking in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation environments. With some approximations concise analytical formulas are derived for the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) for positioning when measurements of distance, heading angle, and velocity are employed to estimate the mobile position. The derived lower bound can be used as a reference for the evaluating of various mobile tracking algorithms in NLOS scenarios. © 2012 IEEE.

Yu, K & Dutkiewicz, E 1970, 'Improved Kalman filtering algorithms for mobile tracking in NLOS scenarios', 2012 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), 2012 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 2390-2394.
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This paper presents an improved positioning approach for cellular-network based mobile tracking in severe non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation environments. The proposed approach consists of two stages: the smoothing stage to suppress the NLOS errors in the distance measurements; and the position tracking stage. An improved distance smoothing method is proposed to significantly reduce the NLOS errors. It applies online distance mean and variance estimates to identify LOS and NLOS propagations. The online LOS and NLOS identification results, the distance mean and variance estimates are employed to update the Kalman filter (KF) for smoothing distance measurements. A data fusion technique is developed to combine distance measurements, mobile velocity and heading angle estimates provided by motion sensors through the extended KF. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed two-stage approach significantly improves position accuracy compared to the existing NLOS mitigation algorithms, at the cost of increased computational complexity. © 2012 IEEE.

Yu, N & Ying, M 1970, 'Reachability and Termination Analysis of Concurrent Quantum Programs', CONCUR 2012 - CONCURRENCY THEORY, International Conference on Concurrency Theory, Sringer-Verlag, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, pp. 69-83.
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We introduce a Markov chain model of concurrent quantum programs. This model is a quantum generalization of Hart, Sharir and Pnueli's probabilistic concurrent programs. Some characterizations of the reachable space, uniformly repeatedly reachable space and termination of a concurrent quantum program are derived by the analysis of their mathematical structures. Based on these characterizations, algorithms for computing the reachable space and uniformly repeatedly reachable space and for deciding the termination are given. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

Yu, S, Guo, S & Stojmenovic, I 1970, 'Can we beat legitimate cyber behavior mimicking attacks from botnets?', 2012 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM, IEEE INFOCOM 2012 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications, IEEE, Orlando, FL, pp. 2851-2855.
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Yu, S, Zhou, W, Dou, W & Makki, SK 1970, 'Why it is Hard to Fight against Cyber Criminals?', 2012 32nd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops, 2012 32nd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops (ICDCS Workshops), IEEE, pp. 537-541.
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We are witnessing numerous cyber attacks every day, however, we do not see many cyber criminals are brought to justice. One reason is that it is technically hard to identify and trace cyber criminals. One reason for this passive situation is our limited or even inappropriate understanding of the cyber space. In this paper, we survey the challenges and opportunities in this research field for interested readers. We also list promising tools and directions based on our understanding. © 2012 IEEE.

Yu, SI, Xu, Z, Ding, D, Sze, W, Vicente, F, Lan, Z, Cai, Y, Rawat, S, Schulam, P, Markandaiah, N, Bahmani, S, Juarez, A, Tong, W, Yang, Y, Burger, S, Metze, F, Singh, R, Raj, B, Stern, R, Mitamura, T, Nyberg, E & Hauptmann, A 1970, 'Informedia e-lamp @ TRECVID 2012 multimedia event detection and recounting MED and MER', 2012 TREC Video Retrieval Evaluation Notebook Papers.
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We report on our system used in the TRECVID 2012 Multimedia Event Detection (MED) and Multimedia Event Recounting (MER) tasks. For MED, it consists of three main steps: extracting features, training detectors and fusion. In the feature extraction part, we extract many low-level, high-level, and text features. Those features are then represented in three different ways which are spatial bag-of words with standard tiling, spatial bag-of-words with feature and event specific tiling and the Gaussian Mixture Model Super Vector. In the detector training and fusion, two classifiers and three fusion methods are employed. The results from both the official sources and our internal evaluations show good performance of our system. Our MER system utilizes a subset of features and detection results from the MED system from which the recounting is generated.

Yu, W, Lin, X, Zhang, W, Zhang, Y & Le, J 1970, 'SimFusion+', Proceedings of the 35th international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval, SIGIR '12: The 35th International ACM SIGIR conference on research and development in Information Retrieval, ACM, Portland, USA, pp. 365-374.
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SimFusion has become a captivating measure of similarity between objects in a web graph. It is iteratively distilled from the notion that 'the similarity between two objects is reinforced by the similarity of their related objects'. The existing SimFusion model usually exploits the Unified Relationship Matrix (URM) to represent latent relationships among heterogeneous data, and adopts an iterative paradigm for SimFusion computation. However, due to the row normalization of URM, the traditional SimFusion model may produce the trivial solution; worse still, the iterative computation of SimFusion may not ensure the global convergence of the solution. This paper studies the revision of this model, providing a full treatment from complexity to algorithms. (1) We propose SimFusion+ based on a notion of the Unified Adjacency Matrix (UAM), a modification of the URM, to prevent the trivial solution and the divergence issue of SimFusion. (2) We show that for any vertex-pair, SimFusion+ can be performed in O(1) time and O(n) space with an O(km)-time precomputation done only once, as opposed to the O(kn3) time and O(n2) space of its traditional counterpart, where n, m, and k denote the number of vertices, edges, and iterations respectively. (3) We also devise an incremental algorithm for further improving the computation of SimFusion+ when networks are dynamically updated, with performance guarantees for similarity estimation. We experimentally verify that these algorithms scale well, and the revised notion of SimFusion is able to converge to a non-trivial solution, and allows us to identify more sensible structure information in large real-world networks. © 2012 ACM.

Yu, X, Jiang, Z, Wei, D, Yang, D & Yang, Q 1970, 'Enthalpy-based modelling of phase transformation of oxide scale on hot-rolled steel strip', Steel Research International, pp. 999-1002.
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Based upon enthalpy formations within the framework of the finite element method, a mathematical model is developed to solve nonlinear heat problems involving phase change of oxide scale formed on the hot-rolled steel strip. In the enthalpy-based finite element method (FEM), an iterative solution procedure where a temperature update at the nodal level followed by an enthalpy update at the level of the integration points, avoid discontinuity problems of the isothermal transformation in the temperature-based approach. An attempt to employ the algorithmic treatment coupled with temperature and phase transformation in 2D geometry with specific interests in oxide scale phase transformation at the interface and adjacent to the steel substrate during cooling after hot rolling, is conducted. The presented results provide insight into the formation mechanism of multilayered oxide scale, to explore the generation of the magnetite seam adjacent to the steel substrate. © 2012 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Yu, Y, Dutkiewicz, E, Huang, X & Mueck, M 1970, 'A resource allocation scheme for balanced performance improvement in LTE networks with inter-cell interference', 2012 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), 2012 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), IEEE, Shanghai, China, pp. 1630-1635.
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In this paper we propose a novel resource allocation scheme to achieve a balanced performance improvement for all users in a LTE network subject to inter-cell interference. In the proposed scheme the resource allocation process is implemented in two steps. In the first step interference coordination and scheduling are first conducted in a global manner to prevent cell-edge users from mutual interference. In the second step, optimal power allocation is conducted to maximize performance of cell-edge users while maintaining high performance of cell-center users. The optimal power allocation problem is solved using the Lagrange decomposition method. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme can significantly improve performance for all users in a multi-cell network and achieve a better performance balance between cell-edge and cell-center users. © 2012 IEEE.

Yu, Y, Dutkiewicz, E, Huang, X & Mueck, M 1970, 'Adaptive power allocation for soft frequency reuse in multi-cell LTE networks', 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia, pp. 991-996.
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This paper presents a novel power allocation approach for soft frequency reuse (SFR) adopted in a multi-cell LTE network. Based on the fact that major inter-cell interference (ICI) is coordinated by SFR, the proposed power allocation focuses on dealing with mutual interference between cell-edge and cell-center users in the network. It is formulated as an optimization problem, where the performance of cell-edge users is optimized under the condition that desirable performance must be maintained for cell-center users. The optimal solution can be obtained by using the Lagrange decomposition method. Simulation results show that our approach can significantly improve performance of cell-edge users by achieving 20% gain over conventional SFR with average power allocation when higher performance for cell-center users is maintained. © 2012 IEEE.

Yu, Y, Wu, Y, Yu, N, Wan, J & IEEE 1970, 'Fuzzy Comprehensive Approach Based on AHP and Entropy Combination Weight for Pipeline Leak Detection System Performance Evaluation', 2012 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (SYSCON), IEEE Systems Conference, IEEE, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Vancouver, BC, Canada, pp. 606-611.
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Recently research on the evaluation of pipeline leak detection systems has been developing due to the widespread of natural gas supply through pipeline transportation in urban areas. This paper presents an improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method for assessing the performance of leak detection systems. In this method, the weights of different indexes are calculated by combining entropy weight with AHP weight. Weighted average operator is introduced to replace the fuzzy operator in traditional evaluation models. And interval evaluation according to comment rank is also adopted for final evaluation results. Simulation experiments verify the effectiveness of new approach. Compared with other common evaluation methods, new approach could effectively enhance evaluation resolution, satisfying the requirement of pipeline leak detection application. © 2012 IEEE.

Yunzhi Jiang, Pohsiang Tsai, Zhifeng Hao & Longbing Cao 1970, 'A novel auto-parameters selection process for image segmentation', 2012 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2012 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), IEEE, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 1-7.
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Segmentation is a process to obtain the desirable features in image processing. However, the existing techniques that use the multilevel thresholding method in image segmentation are computationally demanding due to the lack of an automatic parameter selection process. This paper proposes an automatic parameter selection technique called an automatic multilevel thresholding algorithm using stratified sampling and Tabu Search (AMTSSTS) to remedy the limitations. It automatically determines the appropriate threshold number and values by (1) dividing an image into even strata (blocks) to extract samples; (2) applying a Tabu Search-based optimization technique on these samples to maximize the ratios of their means and variances; (3) preliminarily determining the threshold number and values based on the optimized samples; and (4) further optimizing these samples using a novel local criterion function that combines with the property of local continuity of an image. Experiments on Berkeley datasets show that AMTSSTS is an efficient and effective technique which can provide smoother results than several developed methods in recent year

Yuwono, M, Su, SW, Moulton, B, Nguyen, H & IEEE 1970, 'Fast unsupervised learning method for rapid estimation of cluster centroids', 2012 IEEE CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION (CEC), IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, IEEE, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, pp. 889-896.
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Data clustering is a process where a set of data points is divided into groups of similar points. Recent approaches for data clustering have seen the development of unsupervised learning algorithms based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) techniques. These include Particle Swarm Clustering (PSC) and Modified PSC (mPSC) algorithms for solving clustering problems. However, the PSC and mPSC algorithms tend to be computationally expensive when applied to datasets that have higher levels of dimensionality and large volumes. This paper presents a novel and more efficient swarm clustering strategy we call Rapid Centroid Estimation (RCE). We compare the performance of RCE with the performance of PSC and mPSC in several ways including complexity analyses and particle behavior analyses. Our benchmark testing suggests that RCE can reach a solution 274 times quicker than PSC and 270 times quicker than mPSC for a clustering task where the dataset has a dimension of 80 and a volume of 500. We also investigated particle behaviors on two-class two-dimensional datasets with volume of 500, presenting 250 data for each well-separated class with known Gaussian centers. We found that RCE converged to the appropriate centers at 70 updates on average, compared to 19802 updates for PSC and 23006 updates for mPSC. An ANOVA indicates RCE is significantly faster than both PSC and mPSC.

Yuwono, M, Su, SW, Moulton, B, Nguyen, H & IEEE 1970, 'Method for increasing the computation speed of an unsupervised learning approach for data clustering', 2012 IEEE CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION (CEC), IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, IEEE, Brisbane, pp. 2957-2964.
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Clustering can be especially effective where the data is irregular, noisy and/or not differentiable. A major obstacle for many clustering techniques is that they are computationally expensive, hence limited to smaller data volume and dimension. We propose a lightweight swarm clustering solution called Rapid Centroid Estimation (RCE). Based on our experiments, RCE has significantly quickened optimization time of its predecessors, Particle Swarm Clustering (PSC) and Modified Particle Swarm Clustering (mPSC). Our experimental results show that on benchmark datasets, RCE produces generally better clusters compared to PSC, mPSC, K-means and Fuzzy C-means. Compared with K-means and Fuzzy C-means which produces clusters with 62% and 55% purities on average respectively, thyroid dataset has successfully clustered on average 71% purity in 14.3 seconds.

Yuwono, M, Su, SW, Moulton, BD, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'Gait Cycle Spectrogram Analysis using a Torso-attached Inertial Sensor', 2012 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC), International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE Xplore, San Diego, CA, USA, pp. 6539-6542.
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Measurement of gait parameters can provide important information about a person's health and safety. Automatic analysis of gait using kinematic sensors is a newly emerging area of research. We describe a new way to detect walking, and measure gait cadence, by using time-frequency signal processing together with spectrogram analysis of signals from a chest-worn inertial measurement unit (IMU). A pilot study of 11 participants suggests that this method is able to distinguish between walk and non-walk activities with up to 88.70% sensitivity and 97.70% specificity. Limitations of the method include instability associated with manual fine-tuning of local and global threshold levels. © 2012 IEEE.

Yuwono, M, Su, SW, Moulton, BD, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'Gait episode identification based on wavelet feature clustering of spectrogram images', 2012 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC), International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE Xplore, San Diego, CA, USA, pp. 2949-2952.
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Measurement of gait parameters can provide important information about a person's health and safety. Automatic analysis of gait using kinematic sensors is a newly emerging area of research. We propose a new approach to detect gait episodes using Neural Network and and clustering of wavelet-decomposed spectrogram images. Signals from a chest-worn inertial measurement unit (IMU) is processed using Explicit Complementary Filter (ECF) to estimate and track torso angle. Using the feature obtained from wavelet decomposition of spectrogram images, we use an Augmented Radial Basis Neural Network (ARBF) to classify walking episodes. Cluster centroids of ARBF are optimized using Rapid Cluster Estimation (RCE). A pilot study of 11 participants suggests that our approach is able to distinguish between walk and non-walk activities with up to 85.71% sensitivity and 91.34% specificity. © 2012 IEEE.

Yuwono, M, Su, SW, Moulton, BD, Nguyen, HT & IEEE 1970, 'Optimization Strategies for Rapid Centroid Estimation', 2012 ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY (EMBC), International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, IEEE, San Diego, California, USA, pp. 6212-6215.
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Particle swarm algorithm has been extensively utilized as a tool to solve optimization problems. Recently proposed particle swarm±based clustering algorithm called the Rapid Centroid Estimation (RCE) is a lightweight alteration to Particle Swarm Clustering (PSC). The RCE in its standard form is shown to be superior to conventional PSC algorithm. We have observed some limitations in RCE including the possibility to stagnate at a local minimum combination and the restriction in swarm size. We propose strategies to optimize RCE further by introducing RCE+ and swarm RCE+. Five benchmark datasets from UCI machine learning database are used to test the performance of these new strategies. In Glass dataset swarm RCE+ is able to achieve highest purity centroid combinations with less iteration (90.3%±1.1% in 9±5 iterations) followed by RCE+ (89%±3.5% in 65±62 iterations) and RCE (87%±5.9% in 54±44). Similar quality is also reflected in other benchmark datasets including Iris, Wine, Breast Cancer, and Diabetes.

Zabihi, Z, Samali, B, Shrestha, R, Gerber, C & Crews, K 1970, 'Serviceability and ultimate performance of long span timber floor modules', World Conference on Timber Engineering 2012, WCTE 2012, Curran association, Auckland, New Zealand, pp. 378-385.
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The advent of engineered wood products (EVVP's) such as LVL and glulam as well as a new generation of adhesives has provided the means to fabricate large section, long spanning structural members with similar structural properties to that of steel or concrete, which have attracted a great deal of renewed interest in long-span timber constructions. This paper presents the results of the tests conducted on LVL timber floor modules, with overall lengths of 6.3 m and 8.4 m (6m and 8m clear span, respectively), under serviceability load, as well as the results of 3 destructive tests conducted on 8m clear span LVL timber modules. All serviceability and destructive tests were conducted under four point bending load, and the performance of these long span 'timber only' floor modules arc investigated for serviceability and ultimate limit states. The linear characteristics of the modules, the composite behaviour of the section as well as the failure modes of the system are assessed and discussed in this paper.

Zaid Alkilani, S & Jupp, JR 1970, 'Paving the road for sustainable construction in developing countries: a study of the Jordanian construction industry', Australasian Universities Building Educators Association (AUBEA), 37th Annual International Conference: Proceedings, 37th Annual International Conference, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, pp. 337-346.
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There is an increasing pressure on governments of developing economies to support sustainable construction procurement. In exploring this issue, this research asks three related questions: (1) how is sustainable procurement perceived in developing economies, (2) how can government regulation influence its application, and (3) what is the role of performance measurement in stimulating sustainable procurement practices? Answers are sought via an investigation exploring the underlying issues and challenges facing the construction industry of a developing country looking to address sustainable procurement. Using primary and secondary data sources, this research presents a case study of the Jordanian construction industry. Findings show that whilst sustainable procurement practices are promoted, it is still in its infancy - in part due to ineffective procurement frameworks and a lack of performance measurement. Current government regulations and policies are identified as an underlying cause, discouraging the development and adoption of sustainable procurement methods. As the Jordanian construction industry shares characteristics with other developing economies, it is expected that the findings of this paper will be of interest to professionals in those construction industries attempting to initiate sustainable procurement via performance measurement.

Zaid Alkilani, S, Jupp, JR & Sawhney, A 1970, 'Readying a developing economy for national performance measurement and benchmarking: A case study of the Jordanian construction industry', Proceedings of the XXVIII IAHS World Congress: Visions for the Future of Housing Mega Cities, IAHS World Congress on Housing Science, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 541-548.
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In many developing countries, national construction performance measures and benchmarking processes are yet to be formulated, implemented and tracked. This inherent weakness of an economic sector has negative impacts on, productivity, efficiency and performance. This paper takes the Jordanian construction industry as a case study of a developing economy and highlights the significant challenges it faces in implementing performance measurement. Findings from this study reveal a number of specific and general characteristics, and the extent and severity of industry-based barriers. The paper identifies a range of requirements at the national level that must be met to move from a state of relative disarray to an industry ready for the successful implementation of performance measurement and benchmarking. The authors anticipate that the findings of this paper will be of interest to academics and professionals involved in other developing countries construction industries.

Zainudin, Z, Kodagoda, S & Van Nguyen, L 1970, 'Mutual information based data selection in Gaussian processes for people tracking', Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, ACRA, Australasian Conference on Robotics and Automation, The ACRA 2012 Organising Committee, Wellington, New Zealand, pp. 1-6.
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It is the general perception that models describing human motion patterns enhance tracking even with long term occlusions. One effective way of learning such patterns is to use Gaussian Processes (GP). However, with the increase of the amount of training data with time, the GP becomes computationally intractable. In this work, we have proposed a Mutual Information (MI) based technique along with the Mahalanobis Distance (MD) measure to keep the most informative data while discarding the least informative data. The algorithm is tested with data collected in an office environment with a Segway robot equipped with a laser range finder. It leads to more than 80% data reduction while keeping the rms errors within the required bounds. We have also implemented a GP based Particle filter tracker for long term people tracking with occlusions. The comparison results with Extended Kalman Filter based tracker shows the superiority of the proposed approach.

Zare Borzeshi, E, Perez Concha, O & Piccardi, M 1970, 'Human Action Recognition in Video by Fusion of Structural and Spatio-temporal Features', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Joint IAPR International Workshop on SSPR & SPR, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Hiroshima, Japan, pp. 474-482.
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The problem of human action recognition has received increasing attention in recent years for its importance in many applications. Local representations and in particular STIP descriptors have gained increasing popularity for action recognition. Yet, the main limitation of those approaches is that they do not capture the spatial relationships in the subject performing the action. This paper proposes a novel method based on the fusion of global spatial relationships provided by graph embedding and the local spatio-temporal information of STIP descriptors. Experiments on an action recognition dataset reported in the paper show that recognition accuracy can be significantly improved by combining the structural information with the spatio-temporal features. © 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Zawawi, RA, Akpolat, H & Bagia, R 1970, 'Managing Knowledge in Aircraft Engineering - An Operations-Based Approach', The 3rd International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, Industrial Engineering and Operations Management Society, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 1196-1205.

Zeng, J, Bai, B, Guo, YG, Zhu, JG & Lin, Z 1970, 'Assembly Process's Simulation of High-Field Permanent-Magnet Flux Source Based on Vector Magnetic Hysteresis Model', 2012 Sixth International Conference on Electromagnetic Field Problems and Applications, 2012 Sixth International Conference on Electromagnetic Field Problems and Applications (ICEF), IEEE, Dalian, China, pp. 1-4.
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In this paper, the recently research results of assembly process's simulation of high-field permanent-magnetic flux source is presented. A 2D vector Jiles-Atherton magnetic hysteresis model is employed in magnetic field finite element analysis. Abnormal magnetization phenomena of permanent magnetic material during the assembly process are simulated and the distribution and account of abnormal magnetization points is obtained. It can be a significant guide for the manufacture of magic ring

Zeng, J, Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Lin, Z 1970, '2D Vectorial Magnetic Hysteresis Property Measurement of Magneto-Rheological Fluid Material', the 12th International Workshop on 1&2 Dimensional Magnetic Measurement and Testing, Vienna, Austria.

Zeng, J, Guo, Y, Zhu, J, Li, Y & Li, J 1970, 'Magnetic Hysteresis Properties Measurement for Magneto-Rheological Elastomer', the 13th International Conference on Electrorheological Fluids and Magnetorheological Suspensions: Book of Abstracts, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey, pp. 1-2.

Zhan, L, Zhang, Y, Zhang, W & Lin, X 1970, 'Finding top k most influential spatial facilities over uncertain objects', Proceedings of the 21st ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management, CIKM'12: 21st ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, ACM, Maui, Hawaii, USA, pp. 922-931.
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Uncertainty is inherent in many important applications, such as location-based services (LBS), sensor monitoring and radio-frequency identification (RFID). Recently, considerable research efforts have been put into the field of uncertainty-aware spatial query processing. In this paper, we study the problem of finding top k most influential facilities over a set of uncertain objects, which is an important spatial query in the above applications. Based on the maximal utility principle, we propose a new ranking model to identify the top k most influential facilities, which carefully captures influence of facilities on the uncertain objects. By utilizing two uncertain object indexing techniques, R-tree and U-Quadtree, effective and efficient algorithms are proposed following the filtering and verification paradigm, which significantly improves the performance of the algorithms in terms of CPU and I/O costs. Comprehensive experiments on real datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our techniques. © 2012 ACM.

Zhang, G & Heusdens, R 1970, 'Convergence of generalized linear coordinate-descent message-passing for quadratic optimization', 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory Proceedings, 2012 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory - ISIT, IEEE, Cambridge, MA, USA, pp. 1997-2001.
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Zhang, G & Heusdens, R 1970, 'Generalized linear coordinate-descent message-passing for convex optimization', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), 2012 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP 2012), IEEE, Kyoto, Japan, pp. 2009-2012.
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In this paper we propose a generalized linear coordinate-descent (GLiCD) algorithm for a class of unconstrained convex optimization problems. The considered objective function can be decomposed into edge-functions and node-functions of a graphical model. The messages of the GLiCD algorithm are in a form of linear functions, as compared to the min-sum algorithm of which the form of messages depends on the objective function. Thus, the implementation of the GLiCD algorithm is much simpler than that of the min-sum algorithm. A theorem is stated according to which the algorithm converges to the optimal solution if the objective function satisfies a diagonal-dominant condition. As an application, the GLiCD algorithm is exploited in solving the averaging problem in sensor networks, where the performance is compared to that of the min-sum algorithm.

Zhang, G & Heusdens, R 1970, 'Linear coordinate-descent message-passing for quadratic optimization', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), ICASSP 2012 - 2012 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, IEEE, Kyoto, Japan, pp. 2005-2008.
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In this paper we propose a new message-passing algorithm for quadratic optimization. The design of the new algorithm is based on linear coordinate-descent between neighboring nodes. The updating messages are in a form of linear functions as compared to the min-sum algorithm of which the messages are in a form of quadratic functions. Therefore, the linear coordinate-descent (LiCD) algorithm has simpler updating rules than the min-sum algorithm. It is shown that when the quadratic matrix is walk-summable, the LiCD algorithm converges. As an application, the LiCD algorithm is utilized in solving general linear systems. The performance of the LiCD algorithm is found empirically to be comparable to that of the min-sum algorithm, but at lower complexity in terms of computation and storage.

Zhang, J, Schonfeld, D & Feng, DD 1970, 'Message from ICME 2012 General Chairs', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo Workshops, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia & Expo Workshops (ICMEW 2012), IEEE.
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ICME 2012 is the thirteen in the series of ICME conferences that has been held annually since 2000, in various cities throughout the world. The success of this conference would not have been possible without the generous help of sponsors. Paper prizes and Student Travel Grants are sponsored by the National Information and Communications Technology Australia (NICTA), Microsoft Research, IBM Research, Canon Information Systems Research Australia (CiSRA), and Advanced Analytics Institute (AAI) at the University of Technology, Sydney (UTS). ICME 2012 features a new plenary session - Time Machine! The session consists of a series of expert presentations that re-introduce ideas published "before their time" and, as a result, their impact has not yet been fully realized. ICME 2012 also has outstanding lectures including keynote lectures and research overviews. ICME 2012 will offer several paper prizes, including Best Paper Award, Best Student Paper Award, and Best Demo Award. © 2012 IEEE.

Zhang, J, Schonfeld, D & Feng, DD 1970, 'Message from the ICME 2012 General Chairs', 2012 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME), IEEE.
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Zhang, W, Xu, J, Liang, X, Zhang, Y & Lin, X 1970, 'Top-k Similarity Join over Multi-valued Objects', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Database Systems for Advanced Applications, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Busan, Korea, pp. 509-525.
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The top-k similarity joins have been extensively studied and used in a wide spectrum of applications such as information retrieval, decision making, spatial data analysis and data mining. Given two sets of objects and U and V, a top-k similarity join returns k pairs of most similar objects from U x V. In the conventional model of top-k similarity join processing, an object is usually regarded as a point in a multi-dimensional space and the similarity between two objects is usually measured by distance metrics such as Euclidean distance. However, in many applications an object may be described by multiple values (instances) and the conventional model is not applicable since it does not address the distributions of object instances. In this paper, we study top-k similarity join queries over multi-valued objects. We apply quantile based distance to explore the relative instance distribution among the multiple instances of objects. Efficient and effective techniques to process top-k similarity joins over multi-valued objects are developed following a filtering-refinement framework. Novel distance, statistic and weight based pruning techniques are proposed. Comprehensive experiments on both real and synthetic datasets demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our techniques. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.

Zhang, WD, Robinson, C, Zheng, XF & Zhang, JF 1970, 'Characterisation of electron traps in high-k dielectric stacks for Flash memory applications using fast pulse techniques', 2012 IEEE 11th International Conference on Solid-State and Integrated Circuit Technology, 2012 IEEE 11th International Conference on Solid-State and Integrated Circuit Technology (ICSICT), IEEE, Xian, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 1030-1033.
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Zhang, Y, Haddad, A, Su, SW, Celler, BG & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Onset and Offset Exercise Response Model in Electronic Terms', Biomedical Engineering / 765: Telehealth / 766: Assistive Technologies, Biomedical Engineering, ACTAPRESS, Innsbruck, Austria, pp. 122-128.
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This paper investigated human heart rate (HR) and oxygen uptake (VO2) dynamics to running exercise and developed an electronic circuitry based mathematical model to quantitatively depict the metabolic and energy-generating process at both onset and offset of exercises. In order to investigate transient responses of both HR and VO2, eight healthy male subjects were asked to run on a motor-controlled treadmill exercise under a predefined running protocol. Heart rate and oxygen consumption were monitored and recorded using a COSMED portable gas analyzer (K4b2, Cosmed). The observed experimental results verified the belief that cardio-respiratory responses dynamics at onset and offset of moderate or high intense exercises are significantly different. In order to find a rational explanation for this phenomenon, a novel idea was inspired by applying a simple switchable resistance-capacitor (RC) circuit to unify the complex dynamics at onset and offset of exercises. The proposed physical system can not only analytically explain body's energy-generating process, metabolism and cardio-respiratory responses, but also mathematically account for cardio-respiratory dynamics at both onset and offset of exercises, in which the continuity of the output and states during switching is guaranteed.

Zhang, Y, Su, S, Savkin, A, Celler, B & Nguyen, H 1970, 'Multi-loop integral controllability analysis for nonlinear multiple-input single-output processes', 2012 2nd Australian Control Conference, AUCC 2012, Australian Control Conference, IEEE, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Sydney, NSW, Australia, pp. 81-85.
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Multi-loop integral control is still one of the most popular control strategies in industry due to its simplicity, efficiency, offset free tracking, and capability for fault tolerance. Skogestad and Morari introduced Decentralized Integral Controllability (DIC) to investigate the decentralized unconditional stability under multi-loop integral control for square systems. However, in engineering practice, some multivariable processes may not be square, which often utilize multiple redundant control inputs for the regulation of only one single output. This study extends the concept of Decentralized Integral Controllability to non-square systems, and presents sufficient conditions for Multiple-Input Single-Output nonlinear processes based on singular perturbation analysis. The proposed controllability analysis method is applied in the control of a real time temperature control system and achieves desired temperature tracking results. © 2012 Institute of Engineers.

Zhang, Y, Zhang, W, Lin, Q & Lin, X 1970, 'Effectively indexing the multi-dimensional uncertain objects for range searching', Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Extending Database Technology, EDBT '12: 15th International Conference on Extending Database Technology, ACM, Berlin, Germany, pp. 504-515.
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The range searching problem is fundamental in a wide spectrum of applications such as radio frequency identification (RFID) networks, location based services (LBS), and global position system (GPS). As the uncertainty is inherent in those applications, it is highly demanded to address the uncertainty in the range search since the traditional techniques cannot be applied due to the inherence difference between the uncertain data and traditional data. In the paper, we propose a novel indexing structure, named U-Quadtree, to organize the uncertain objects in a multi-dimensional space such that the range searching can be answered efficiently by applying filtering techniques. Particularly, based on some insights of the range search on uncertain data, we propose a cost model which carefully considers various factors that may impact the performance of the range searching. Then an effective and efficient index construction algorithm is proposed to build the optimal U-Quadtree regarding the cost model. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that our technique outperforms the existing works for range searching on multi-dimensional uncertain objects. © 2012 ACM.

Zhang, YC, Han, TY, Jiang, ZY & Wei, DB 1970, 'Analysis of Thermal Stress during of Twin-Roll Casting of Magnesium Alloy', Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2nd International Conference on Advanced Design and Manufacturing Engineering (ADME 2012), Trans Tech Publications, Ltd., Taiyuan, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 1928-1933.
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The process of twin-roll casting including pouring, solidifying, rolling and cooling can be accomplished in a very short time. Consequently, some important process parameters in the twin-roll casting that are difficult to be obtained in experiment can be acquired using numerical simulation. In this paper, a numerical simulation based on a 2D finite element model of vertical twin-roll strip casting of magnesium alloy has been conducted, and the thermal stress fields are significantly discussed. The influences of key process parameters consisting of submerged nozzle depth and nozzle spray angle have been studied. The thermal cracks on the surface of the strip are analysed according to the thermal stress distribution.

Zhang, Z, Yu, JX, Qin, L, Zhu, Q & Zhou, X 1970, 'I/O cost minimization: reachability queries processing over massive graphs.', EDBT, Extending Database Technology, ACM, Berlin, Germany, pp. 468-479.
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Given a directed graph G, a reachability query (u, v) asks whether there exists a path from a node u to a node v in G. The existing studies support reachability queries using indexing techniques, where both the graph and the index are required to reside in main memory. However, they cannot handle reachability queries on massive graphs, when the graph and the index cannot be entirely held in memory because of the high I/O cost. In this paper, we focus on how to minimize the I/O cost when answering reachability queries on massive graphs that cannot reside entirely in memory. First, we propose a new Yes-Label scheme, as a complement of the No-Label used in GRAIL [23], to reduce the number of intermediate results generated. Second, we show how to minimize the number of I/Os using a heap-on-disk data structure when traversing a graph. We also propose new methods to partition the heap-on-disk, in order to ensure that only sequential I/Os are performed. Third, we analyze our approaches and show how to extend our approaches to answer multiple reachability queries effectively. Finally, we conducted extensive performance studies on both large synthetic and large real graphs, and confirm the efficiency of our approaches. © 2012 ACM.

Zhao, X, Ma, C & Gu, P 1970, 'Preface', Energy Procedia, 2nd International Conference on Advances in Energy Engineering (ICAEE), Elsevier BV, Bangkok, THAILAND, pp. 1-1.
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Zhao, Y, Li, J, Christen, P & Kennedy, PJ 1970, 'Preface', Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series, p. vii.

Zheng, C, Dutkiewicz, E, Ren Ping Liu, Vesilo, R & Zhou, Z 1970, 'Efficient network coding transmission in 2-hop multi-channel cognitive radio networks', 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2012 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), IEEE, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia, pp. 574-579.
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In cognitive radio networks (CRNs), there is no guarantee on the availability of spectrum for the opportunistic communications between cognitive radio (CR) users. Transmission design plays a key role in leveraging the benefits of CRNs. In this paper, we propose an efficient batch transmission scheme for the data transmission in multi-channel CRNs with practical lossy channels. The proposed scheme exploits the dynamic spectrum opportunities by combining opportunistic routing strategy with network coding based multi-channel transmission. We derive network performance measures of the scheme in terms of batch delay, which provide better insights into the data transmission capability than packet based link delay analysis. Our analyses, validated by simulations, show that the proposed scheme significantly outperforms others, reducing batch delay by up to 60%. © 2012 IEEE.

Zheng, L, Hoang, DB & ACM 1970, 'Further Analysis and Tuning of Registered Multi-cycle Polling in Wireless Medium Access Management', HP-MOSYS '12: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACM WORKSHOP ON HIGH PERFORMANCE MOBILE OPPORTUNISTIC SYSTEMS, ACM/IEEE International Conference on Modelling, Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems, ACM, Paphos, Cyprus Island, pp. 53-59.
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Multimedia applications are supported by enhancing polling mechanisms to achieve Quality of Service, QoS, in the IEEE 802 MAC layer. We first briefly introduce the problems of reliability and efficiency with the basic polling medium access, particularly in highly loaded environments. A novel mechanism, Registered Polling is then described in details. The proposed mechanism provides a simple and efficient channel for implicit information update on traffic conditions. Based on these updates, it optimizes the actual polling order to meet the needs of multimedia applications. However, performance analysis shows dilemma between network utilization and delay bound guarantee. This motivates us to further investigate a multi-cycle enhancement. It is designed based on the detailed performance analysis on different traffic scenarios. The final scheme not only manages the network resources efficiently with total network utilization improvement but also proves us the parameterized QoS supports particularly for session-based applications.

Zheng, L, Jin, J, Guo, Y & Zhu, J 1970, 'Design of an HTS Levitated Double-Sided HTSLSM for Maglev', Physics Procedia, Superconductivity Centennial Conference (SCC), Elsevier BV, Hague, NETHERLANDS, pp. 1031-1036.
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© 2012 Published by Elsevier B.V. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of the Guest Editors. A hybrid high temperature superconducting (HTS) linear synchronous propulsion system composed of a double-sided HTS linear synchronous motor (HTSLSM) in the middle and HTS magnetic suspension sub-systems on both sides has been proposed for a middle-low-speed maglev. Three carriages has been made up for the proposed maglev, and each carriage consists of four HTSLSM modules. The HTSLSM has been designed to reach a speed of 69 km/h and a maximum thrust of 48.9 kN for each motor. The finite element analysis has been used for the theoretical verification. The results obtained show that the HTS linear propulsion system satisfies the principal requirements for the maglev.

Zhou, A, Xu, G, Agarwal, N, King, I, Nejdl, W & Wang, F 1970, 'Message from the SCA2012 Chairs', 2012 Second International Conference on Cloud and Green Computing, 2012 International Conference on Cloud and Green Computing (CGC), IEEE.
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The 2nd International Conference on Social Computing and Its Applications (SCA2012) was held in Xiangtan, China, November 1-3, 2012. SCA (Social Computing and its Applications) is created to provide a prime international forum for researchers, industry practitioners and environment experts to exchange the latest fundamental advances in the state of the art and practice of social computing and broadly related areas. SCA2012 consists of the main conference and three workshops: the 2012 International Workshop on Social Network Analysis and Information Diffusion Modelling (SNAIDM2012), the 2012 International Workshop on Web Wisdom (WW2012), and the 2012 International Workshop on Social Network Service on Databases (SNSDB2012). We greatly thank the Workshop Chairs for their valuable time and effort in organizing the workshops. SCA2012 is held jointly with the 2nd International Conference on Cloud and Green Computing (CGC2012). SCA2012 received 98 submissions from Germany, Canada, Japan, Australia, Sweden, South Korea, Portugal, Denmark, Poland and Mainland China. Each paper was peer reviewed by at least three program committee members. The final decision has been taken after a high quality review process. There are 45 paper accepted and the regular paper acceptance rate is about 32%. © 2012 IEEE.

Zhou, J & Xiao, C 1970, 'Similarity-driven multi-level partial contour tree simplification', 2012 9th International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery, 2012 9th International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD), IEEE, pp. 1949-1953.
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A contour tree is a topological abstraction of a scalar field. Contour tree simplification (CTS) removes branches corresponding to noise, while making the size of the tree small enough for maintaining essential structure of data. This paper proposes a similarity-driven multi-level partial CTS (PCTS) approach. The PCTS preserves branches corresponding to structures of interest or specific objects specified by users, while removing other branches of the contour tree. A clustering method (e.g. k-means clustering) is used to cluster branch nodes into groups based on their similarities (i.e., similar locations) in the attribute space. As a result, the contour tree is simplified with multi-levels based on different clustering groups. Furthermore, various interfaces and rendering windows are provided and synchronized, which makes the simplification process more meaningful and efficient compared with traditional simplification methods using slide-bar based approaches. The proposed approach can be generalized to process branches with more than three measures. © 2012 IEEE.

Zhou, J, Luo, T & Xu, G 1970, 'Academic Recommendation on Graph with Dynamic Transfer Chain', 2012 Second International Conference on Cloud and Green Computing, 2012 International Conference on Cloud and Green Computing (CGC), IEEE, Xiangtan, China, pp. 331-336.
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Academic contents update and learner's capability change over time. But nowadays, academic recommendation system does not take time factors into account. There are two challenges to capture learner's preferences and learning context accurately and dynamically. First modeling academic trend and user's cognitive level transferred by time is a hard problem. And designing dynamic algorithm to improve recommendation accuracy with implicit behavior data is difficult. In this paper, we propose Dynamic Transfer Chain (DTC) to model user's preferences and academic context over time on transaction data. Based on DTC model, we present a novel algorithm Dynamic Academic Recommendation on Graph (DARG). We evaluate the effectiveness of our method using an open dataset named CiteULike, including 9170 users, 11343 papers, 194596 user-paper pairs. The evaluation metric we used is Hit Ratio. The results show that our proposed approach gives 12.873% to 33.852% improvement over the previous counterpart, including User-KNN, Item-KNN, TUser-KNN, TItem-KNN. © 2012 IEEE.

Zhou, J, Su, SW & Guo, A 1970, 'Fault Detection and Identification of COSMED K4b2 based on PCA and Neural Network', WASET: International Conference on Information, Communications and Signal Processing, International Conference on Information, Communications and Signal Processing, WASET, Penang, Malaysia, pp. 729-734.
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COSMED K4b2 is a portable electrical device designed to test pulmonary functions. It is ideal for many applications that need the measurement of the cardio-respiratory response either in the field or in the lab is capable with the capability to delivery real time data to a sink node or a PC base station with storing data in the memory at the same time. But the actual sensor outputs and data received may contain some errors, such as impulsive noise which can be related to sensors, low batteries, environment or disturbance in data acquisition process. These abnormal outputs might cause misinterpretations of exercise or living activities to persons being monitored. In our paper we propose an effective and feasible method to detect and identify errors in applications by principal component analysis (PCA) and a back propagation (BP) neural network.

Zhu, H, Tu, C & Lee, JE-Y 1970, 'Material nonlinearity limits on a Lam&#x00E9;-mode single crystal bulk resonator', 2012 7th IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS), 2012 7th IEEE International Conference on Nano/Micro Engineered and Molecular Systems (NEMS), IEEE.
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Zhu, Y, Qin, L, Yu, JX & Cheng, H 1970, 'Finding top-k similar graphs in graph databases.', EDBT, Extending Database Technology, ACM, Berlin, Germany, pp. 456-467.
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Querying similar graphs in graph databases has been widely studied in graph query processing in recent years. Existing works mainly focus on subgraph similarity search and supergraph similarity search. In this paper, we study the problem of finding top-k graphs in a graph database that are most similar to a query graph. This problem has many applications, such as image retrieval and chemical compound structure search. Regarding the similarity measure, feature based and kernel based similarity measures have been used in the literature. But such measures are rough and may lose the connectivity information among substructures. In this paper, we introduce a new similarity measure based on the maximum common subgraph (MCS) of two graphs. We show that this measure can better capture the common and different structures of two graphs. Since computing the MCS of two graphs is NP-hard, we propose an algorithm to answer the top-k graph similarity query using two distance lower bounds with different computational costs, in order to reduce the number of MCS computations. We further introduce an indexing technique, which can better make use of the triangle property of similarities among graphs in the database to get tighter lower bounds. Three different indexing methods are proposed with different tradeoffs between pruning power and construction cost. We conducted extensive performance studies on large real datasets to evaluate the performance of our approaches. © 2012 ACM.

Zhu, Y, Yu, JX, Cheng, H & Qin, L 1970, 'Graph classification: a diversified discriminative feature selection approach.', CIKM, ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, ACM, Maui, Hawaii, USA, pp. 205-214.
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A graph models complex structural relationships among objects, and has been prevalently used in a wide range of applications. Building an automated graph classification model becomes very important for predicting unknown graphs or understanding complex structures between different classes. The graph classification framework being widely used consists of two steps, namely, feature selection and classification. The key issue is how to select important subgraph features from a graph database with a large number of graphs including positive graphs and negative graphs. Given the features selected, a generic classification approach can be used to build a classification model. In this paper, we focus on feature selection. We identify two main issues with the most widely used feature selection approach which is based on a discriminative score to select frequent subgraph features, and introduce a new diversified discriminative score to select features that have a higher diversity. We analyze the properties of the newly proposed diversified discriminative score, and conducted extensive performance studies to demonstrate that such a diversified discriminative score makes positive/negative graphs separable and leads to a higher classification accuracy. © 2012 ACM.

Zhuang, Y, Hong, G & Wang, J 1970, 'Preliminary investigation to combustion in a SI engine with direct ethanol injection and port gasoline injection (EDI+GPI)', Proceedings of the 18th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, AFMC 2012, Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, Australasian Fluid Mechanics Society, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia, pp. 1-4.
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Ethanol fuel, as a renewable fuel can play an important role in addressing the critical issue of energy resources if it is used in a proper way. Ethanol direct injection plus gasoline port injection (EDI+GPI) is such a new way to enable substantial improvement in engine efficiency and emission reduction in spark ignition engines. This paper reports our preliminary investigation to the combustion and emissions in this new dual fuel injection system. Experiments were conducted on a single-cylinder spark ignition engine equipped with EDI+GPI. In the experiments, the ethanol/gasoline volumetric percentage (EVP) was varied from 0% (gasoline fuel only) to 71%. Mass burnt fraction and indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) were calculated from the measured cylinder pressure for analysing the combustion process. The variance of IMEP, reduced with the increased EVP, showed that the combustion stability was improved by the direct injection of ethanol fuel. The effect of EVP on initial, early and major combustion time periods showed that ethanol fuel's higher combustion velocity and low ignition energy might contribute to accelerating the flame propagating, shortening the combustion periods and reducing the combustion temperature when EVP was less than 48%. However further increase of EVP when it was over 48% resulted in a negative effect on combustion which might be caused by the ethanol fuel's over cooling effect. Hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emission increased and nitric oxide emission decreased with the increase of EVP.

Zhuang, Y, Wang, J & Hong, G 1970, 'A single cylinder research engine for investigating combustion of direct ethanol injection and port gasoline injection', Proceedings of the 18th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, AFMC 2012, Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, Australasian Fluid Mechanics Society, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia, pp. 1-4.
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Ethanol has been used as a renewable fuel in internal combustion (IC) engines. However, the existing method of blending gasoline and ethanol fuels does not take the advantages of ethanol fuel, such as its high Octane number and great latent heat of vaporization, to increase the engine compression ratio and consequently the thermal efficiency. Ethanol direct injection plus gasoline port injection (EDI+GPI) is a new technology for using ethanol fuel more effectively and efficiently in IC engine. To experimentally investigate this new technique, a research engine has been developed by modifying a commercial product representing the cylinder capacity of a down sized passenger car engine. In the development of this research engine, two major tasks were addressed: the two separate fuel systems and the electronic control unit (ECU). The operation of both fuel systems including the high pressure pump and the common rail fuel pressure are electronically controlled. The ECU also controls the throttle position and fuel flow rates in an open loop to provide the flexibility of manual adjustments of engine speed, load and lambda. Sample results are reported to show that the developed engine system has met the basic requirements of experiments in this investigation.