Publications

Dyson, LE 2002, How to Cook a Galah, 1, Lothian, South Meblourne, Australia.

McLaughlan, RG 2002, Managing Water Well Deterioration, 1, AA Balkema, The Netherlands.

Braunerhjelm, P, Cetindamar, D & Johansson, D 2002, 'The Support Structure of the Biomedical Clusters: Research, Intermediary, and Financial Organizations' in Technological Systems in the Bio Industries, Springer US, pp. 123-144.
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Cetindamar, D & Laage-Hellman, J 2002, 'Micro-Level Analysis of Firms in the Biomedical Clusters in Ohio and Sweden' in Technological Systems in the Bio Industries, Springer US, pp. 81-122.
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Craig, AR & Lal, S 2002, 'Optimising blood pressure reduction in mild un-medicated hypertensives' in Shohov, SP (ed), Advances in Psychology Research, Nova Science Publishers Inc., New York, USA, pp. 199-216.

Cucchiara, R, Grana, C, Neri, G, Piccardi, M & Prati, A 2002, 'The Sakbot System for Moving Object Detection and Tracking' in Remagnino, P, Jones, G, Paragios, N & Regazzoni, C (eds), Video-Based Surveillance Systems, Springer US, New York, pp. 145-157.
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Ding, GK 2002, 'Multi-criteria analysis' in Langston, C & Lauge-Kristensen, R (eds), Strategic management of built facilities, Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford, pp. 196-207.

Hawryszkiewycz, I 2002, 'Designing Collaborative Business Systems' in Information Systems, Springer US, pp. 131-145.
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Hawryszkiewycz, IT 2002, 'Places and Processes in Learning Environments' in Information Technology Education in the New Millennium, IGI Global, pp. 109-117.
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The chapter describes ways to create a variety of learning environments. It suggests that good practices require both the definition of places of learning as well as clear definition of processes to be followed within such learning places. Different processes are often needed for different places. The paper then describes a metamodel for defining different environments and a system that implements the metamodel. The environments described include classroom teaching, group support, distance moderation and monitoring of groups. The chapter then describes a system, called LiveNet, which can be used to configure a variety of learning environments in terms of the metamodel, and describes experiences in its use. The experiences in particular indicate the need to clearly define processes to be followed and that the process changes depending on the learning environment and the support tools to facilitate the process with ensuing benefits to both teachers and students.

Hawryszkiewycz, IT 2002, 'Supporting Knowledge Creation' in Knowledge Mapping and Management, IGI Global, pp. 217-224.
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The chapter identifies the three major components of knowledge sharing and creation within enterprises as a combination of place, community and process. The way these are combined will depend on the particular goal and enterprise structure. The chapter then claims that computer support systems must provide user driven methods to easily integrate these components to fit in with organizational culture and knowledge goal. It then describes a way to provide this kind of environment.

Lindsay, A, Burnett, IS, Quackenbush, SR & Jackson, MA 2002, 'Fundamentals of Audio Descriptions' in Manjunath, BS, Salembier, P & Sikora, T (eds), Introduction to MPEG-7: Multimedia Content Description Interface, John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., Chichester, Englan, pp. 283-298.
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The MPEG standards are an evolving set of standards for video and audio compression. MPEG 7 technology covers the most recent developments in multimedia search and retreival, designed to standardise the description of multimedia content supporting a wide range of applications including DVD, CD and HDTV. Multimedia content description, search and retrieval is a rapidly expanding research area due to the increasing amount of audiovisual (AV) data available. The wealth of practical applications available and currently under development (for example, large scale multimedia search engines and AV broadcast servers) has lead to the development of processing tools to create the description of AV material or to support the identification or retrieval of AV documents. Written by experts in the field, this book has been designed as a unique tutorial in the new MPEG 7 standard covering content creation, content distribution and content consumption. At present there are no books documenting the available technologies in such a comprehensive way. * Presents a comprehensive overview of the principles and concepts involved in the complete range of Audio Visual material indexing, metadata description, information retrieval and browsing * Details the major processing tools used for indexing and retrieval of images and video sequences * Individual chapters, written by experts who have contributed to the development of MPEG 7, provide clear explanations of the underlying tools and technologies contributing to the standard * Demostration software offering step-by-step guidance to the multi-media system components and eXperimentation model (XM) MPEG reference software * Coincides with the release of the ISO standard in late 2001. A valuable reference resource for practising electronic and communications engineers designing and implementing MPEG 7 compliant systems, as well as for researchers and students working with multimedia database technology.

Potard, G & Burnett, I 2002, 'Using XML Schemas to Create and Encode Interactive 3-D Audio Scenes for Multimedia and Virtual Reality Applications' in Plaice, J, Kropf, P, Schulthess, P & Slonim, J (eds), Distributed Communities on the Web, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 193-203.
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Rura-Polley, T, Baker, E & Hawryszkiewycz, IT 2002, 'Facilitating Sensemaking in Knowledge Integration within Geographically Dispersed Cross-Functional Teams' in Knowledge Mapping and Management, IGI Global, pp. 60-71.
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This paper looks at knowledge management within geographically dispersed, cross-functional teams. In particular, it describes an electronic knowledge management system, LiveNet, that combines support for rational innovation processes with collaborative support mechanisms. These collaborative support mechanisms extend previously available group support systems by incorporating sensemaking tools.

Rura-Polley, T, Baker, E & Hawryszkiewycz, IT 2002, 'Knowledge Mapping and Management' in White, D (ed), Knowledge mapping and management, IRM Press, Hershey, pp. 60-71.

Abry, P, Baraniuk, R, Flandrin, P, Riedi, R & Veitch, D 2002, 'Multiscale nature of network traffic', IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 28-46.
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Ageron, M, Albert, A, Barvich, T, Beaumont, W, Beckers, T, Bernier, K, Blüm, P, Boulogne, I, Bouvet, D, Brom, JM, Charles, F, Coffin, J, Contardo, D, Daubie, E, Didierjean, F, De Lentdecker, G, De Troy, J, Devroede, O, Erdmann, M, Ernenwein, JP, Fahrer, M, Flügge, G, Fontaine, JC, Geist, W, Goerlach, U, Gottschalk, M, Helleboid, JM, Huss, D, Iacopi, F, Juillot, P, Kärcher, K, Kühn, F, Lounis, A, Maazouzi, C, Macke, D, Martin, C, Mirabito, L, Moreau, S, Müller, T, Neuberger, D, Nowack, A, Perries, S, Ripp-Baudot, I, Röderer, F, Schulte, R, Shekhtman, L, Simonis, HJ, Struczinski, W, Tatarinov, A, Thümmel, WH, Udo, F, Vander Velde, C, Van Doninck, W, Van Dyck, C, Vanlaer, P, Van Lancker, L, Weiler, T, Zander, A, Zghiche, A & Zhukov, V 2002, 'Experimental and simulation study of the behaviour and operation modes of MSGC+GEM detectors', Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol. 489, no. 1-3, pp. 121-139.
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Ajay, Pratap, A & Joshi, SK 2002, 'Role of Cu d–d inter-orbital electron correlation on the out-of-plane conduction in cuprates', Physica C: Superconductivity, vol. 371, no. 2, pp. 139-145.
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Aslund, M, Poladian, L, Canning, J & de Sterke, CM 2002, 'Add-drop multiplexing by dispersion, inverted interference coupling', JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 20, no. 8, pp. 1585-1589.
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Bell, J, Tipper, JL, Ingham, E, Stone, MH, Wroblewski, BM & Fisher, J 2002, 'Quantitative analysis of UHMWPE wear debris isolated from the periprosthetic femoral tissues from a series of Charnley total hip arthroplasties.', Biomed Mater Eng, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 189-201.
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Submicrometer and micrometer-sized UHMWPE wear particles have been associated with osteolysis and failure of total hip replacements. A previous study by Tipper et al. examined the wear debris isolated from the acetabular periprosthetic tissues from 18 Charnley total hip replacements, and compared this data to the tribological variables of the prostheses. The present study aimed to isolate the UHMWPE wear debris from the femoral periprosthetic tissues from 10 of the same cohort of patients, and compare it with the debris isolated from the corresponding acetabular tissues. A variety of particle morphologies were observed, discrete submicrometer particles, along with flakes and fibrils. The particle size distributions ranged from 0.1 to >250 microm, however, the largest particles were only found in samples when the femoral head damage was characterised as low (R(pm) < 0.2 microm). The mode of the frequency distribution of particles was in the range of 0.1-0.5 microm for all the femoral tissues. Considerable variations were found in the mass distributions of the wear particles as a function of size for different patients. The net mass of debris isolated from the femoral tissues was significantly lower (p < 0.05, Student's t-test) than from the corresponding acetabular tissues. This along with considerable spatial variation in the net mass of debris isolated from the different regions of the same sample of acetabular tissue, indicates that the transportation of the debris has a marked effect on the net mass of debris accumulated in different tissues.

Boardman, G, Zhu, JG & Ha, QP 2002, 'Analysis of the steady state performance of doubly fed induction machines', Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Australia, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 211-218.
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This paper discusses the steady state maximum and minimum torque outputs and the operation at unity power factor of the doubly fed twin stator induction machine and the doubly fed induction machine using equations with analytical solutions. Speeds above and below the natural or synchronous speed are discussed. The results of simulations, based on a laboratory machine comprising two nominally identical wound rotor induction machines, are presented. It is shown that the maximum torque for the doubly fed machine is independent of speed and for the doubly fed twin stator induction machine there are variable maxima and minima dependent on speed.

Bowman, JC, Zhou, JL & Readman, JW 2002, 'Sediment–water interactions of natural oestrogens under estuarine conditions', Marine Chemistry, vol. 77, no. 4, pp. 263-276.
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The natural human female hormones oestrone and 17ß-oestradiol have been implicated in the disruption of endocrine systems in some wildlife adjacent to sewage effluents. The sorption behaviour of these two compounds under estuarine conditions was studied by spiking either 2.55 µg of oestrone or 2.65 µg of 17ß-oestradiol in kinetic experiments. In equilibrium experiments, 3 ng of oestrone or 3.2 ng of 17ß-oestradiol was added in each of the centrifuge tubes. Sorption onto sediment particles was relatively slow, with sorption equilibrium being reached in about 70 and 170 h for oestrone and 17ß-oestradiol, respectively. The effects of a variety of environmental parameters on sorption were studied including salinity, sediment concentration (SC), the presence of a third phase, particle size and, also, surfactant concentrations. Results show that although salinity did not induce any statistically significant effect on the sorption of 17ß-oestradiol, it did statistically enhance the sorption of oestrone, and a salting constant of 0.3 l mol-1 was derived. The partition coefficient for both compounds decreased with increasing sediment concentration, a phenomenon that has been widely reported and attributed to the presence of colloids (which could enhance dissolved concentrations). In this paper, the true partition coefficients for sediment particles (Kptrue) and colloidal particles (Kctrue) have been calculated, and a Kptrue value of 141 and 102 ml g-1 was obtained for oestrone and 17ß-oestradiol, respectively. In addition, Kctrue values for oestrone (222×102 ml g-1) and 17ß-oestradiol (135×102 ml g-1) were two orders of magnitude higher than their respective Kptrue values, suggesting that the colloidal particles are significantly stronger sorbents for natural oestrogens than sediment particles. Particles of different sizes were found to have different partition coefficients due to the strong relationships between partition coefficients for the two compounds and particulat...

Bowman, JC, Zhou, JL & Readman, JW 2002, 'Sorption and desorption of benzo(a)pyrene in aquatic systems', Journal of Environmental Monitoring, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 761-766.
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The sorptive behaviour of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is critical to controlling their transport, fates and effects in the environment. Experiments are described which detail the behaviour of a model compound (benzo(a)pyrene) under simulated aquatic conditions. The kinetics of sorption were comparable to those of other PAH compounds. The sorption equilibrium was extensively studied and found to be affected by several key parameters, notably sediment concentration. The sorption coefficient decreased substantially with the sediment concentration, from 9580 ml g-1 at a sediment concentration of 0.067 g l-1 to 1110 ml g-1 at a sediment concentration of 9.8 g l-1. The results are consistent with previous reports and often explained by the presence of colloids. In this paper the dry weight concentration of colloids was determined and used for deriving the true sorption coefficient, which is up to an order of magnitude higher than the observed partition coefficient. The sorption of benzo(a)pyrene was also dependent on some of the particle properties, and the sorption coefficient was found to increase with the organic carbon content and specific surface area of sediment particles. The desorption of benzo(a)pyrene from sediment was shown to be relatively rapid, with implications for the potential remobilisation of benzo(a)pyrene and similar compounds.

Braun, J, Burnett, IS & Gosbell, VJ 2002, 'Description Schemes for Power Quality Data', Proceedings AUPEC02.

Braun, JP, Burnett, IS & Gosbell, VJ 2002, 'Software sound synthesiser as a source of power quality waveforms', Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Australia, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 203-209.
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The testing of power quality in laboratory requires waveform sources to emulate the various disturbances present in electrical networks. Often arbitrary waveform generators are used to recreate these disturbances. The main limitation of this technique is the periodicity of their output signals. To circumvent this limitation, this paper proposes the usage of the Csound sound synthesiser software package as a source of power quality waveforms. This permits the creation of real time waveforms that are accurate and of long duration. It is also shown that this approach improves the testing of the conformance of power quality analysers to existing standards.

Bremner, MJ, Dawson, CM, Dodd, JL, Gilchrist, A, Harrow, AW, Mortimer, D, Nielsen, MA & Osborne, TJ 2002, 'Practical Scheme for Quantum Computation with Any Two-Qubit Entangling Gate', Physical Review Letters, vol. 89, no. 24.
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Which gates are universal for quantum computation? Although it is well known that certain gates on two-level quantum systems (qubits), such as the controlled-not, are universal when assisted by arbitrary one-qubit gates, it has only recently become clear precisely what class of two-qubit gates is universal in this sense. We present an elementary proof that any entangling two-qubit gate is universal for quantum computation, when assisted by one-qubit gates. A proof of this result for systems of arbitrary finite dimension has been provided by Brylinski and Brylinski; however, their proof relies on a long argument using advanced mathematics. In contrast, our proof provides a simple constructive procedure which is close to optimal and experimentally practical. © 2002 The American Physical Society.

Bremner, MJ, Dawson, CM, Dodd, JL, Gilchrist, A, Harrow, AW, Mortimer, D, Nielsen, MA & Osborne, TJ 2002, 'Practical scheme for quantum computation with any two-qubit entangling gate', PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, vol. 89, no. 24.
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Brown, LD, Ray, AS, Thomas, PS & Guerbois, JP 2002, 'Thermal characteristics of Australian sedimentary opals', JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY, vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 31-36.
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Naturally occurring opals from three different regions in Australia were studied for their thermal characteristics. All the opals showed initial expansion followed by contraction in thermomechanical analysis (TMA) although the temperature at which the change from expansion to contraction occurred depended on their provenance. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) revealed different rates and temperatures of dehydration for these opals. A general correlation between the temperature at which there was a zero thermal expansion and that of the maximum rate of dehydration was observed. A dehydrationsintering mechanism is proposed with the effect of sintering being more pronounced following total dehydration.

Buist, MD 2002, 'Effects of a medical emergency team on reduction of incidence of and mortality from unexpected cardiac arrests in hospital: preliminary study', BMJ, vol. 324, no. 7334, pp. 387-390.
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Butler, Z, Fitch, R & Rus, D 2002, 'Distributed control for unit-compressible robots: Goal-recognition, locomotion, and splitting', IEEE-ASME TRANSACTIONS ON MECHATRONICS, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 418-430.
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Canning, J 2002, 'Diffraction-free mode generation and propagation in optical waveguides', OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 207, no. 1-6, pp. 35-39.
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Canning, J & Aslund, M 2002, 'Holographic construction of 2-D arrays of UV intensity using additive source interference from multiple slab reflections', OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 202, no. 4-6, pp. 271-275.
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Canning, J, Buckley, E, Groothoff, N, Luther-Davies, B & Zagari, J 2002, 'UV laser cleaving of air-polymer structured fibre', OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 202, no. 1-3, pp. 139-143.
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Canning, J, Buckley, E, Lyttikainen, K & Ryan, T 2002, 'Wavelength dependent leakage in a Fresnel-based air-silica structured optical fibre', OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 205, no. 1-3, pp. 95-99.

Canning, J, Canagasabey, A & Groothoff, N 2002, 'UV irradiation of polymer coatings on optical fibre', OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 214, no. 1-6, pp. 141-145.
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Cao, L & Dai, R 2002, 'Agent-oriented approach for dealing with open giant intelligent systems', Moshi Shibie yu Rengong Zhineng/Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, vol. 15, no. 3, p. 257.

Cao, L, Nan, J & Dai, R 2002, 'Intelligent Mobile Agents for Distributed Information Integration', Xitong Fangzhen Xuebao - Journal of System Simulation, vol. 14, no. 11, pp. 1517-1520.

Cao, LB & Dai, RW 2002, 'Software architecture of the hall for workshop of metasynthetic engineering', Ruan Jian Xue Bao/Journal of Software, vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 1430-1435.
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This paper focuse on the software architecture of the network-based Hall for Workshop of Metasynthetic Engineering. A nested client/Agent/server computing scheme-incorporated Requester-Mediator-Provider model is deployed. The framework and its working mechanism of an HWME (hall for workshop of metasynthetic engineering) for macroeconomic decision-making through Java-based intelligent information agents on the basis of above scheme are discussed. Combinations of mobility of agents and message-passing mechanism, algorithm and interaction, multiple types of agent technology and multiple design patterns are flexibly used in this system. Compared with the other client/server and the browser/server computing schemes, this system is more flexible, and has less response time and lower requirement for network performance.

Carter, N, Henderson, R, Lal, S, Hart, M, Booth, S & Hunyor, S 2002, 'Cardiovascular and Autonomic Response to Environmental Noise During Sleep in Night Shift Workers', Sleep, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 444-451.
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Carter, N, Henderson, R, Lal, S, Hart, M, Booth, S & Hunyor, S 2002, 'Cardiovascular and autonomic response to environmental noise during sleep in night shift workers.', Sleep, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 457-464.
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Polysomnograph, beat-by-beat heart rate and blood pressure were monitored in night shift workers exposed to environmental and laboratory noise events during day sleep. The study was carried out in a sleep laboratory. Subjects were nine young, healthy female night shift workers. Recorded noises from trucks, civilian aircraft, low altitude military aircraft and tones were presented at 55, 65, and 75 L(Amax). Sleep stage, heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures before and immediately after onset of noise events were compared. Spectral analyses of heart rate and blood pressure variabilities were used to compare sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous tone in 10-min. intervals containing noise and quiet. Heart rate was responsive to noise level but not noise type. Blood pressure increased primarily to sounds of sudden onset. Noise-induced awakening and alpha EEG responses were related to BP increase. Increase in HR was greatest when subjects were awakened by noise or already awake. Spectral analysis of BP variabilities indicated increased sympathetic vascular tone due to noise. Similar analyses of HR data indicated no noise effect. No habituation to noise was apparent over three consecutive sleep sessions. It was concluded that over the range of noise levels used, heart rate responds to noise level during sleep; blood pressure to sounds of sudden onset. Spectral analysis of blood pressure variabilities is a sensitive measure of autonomic nervous response to environmental noise and should also be studied in subjects sleeping at home.

Castel, A, François, R & Arliguie, G 2002, 'Modèle de comportement mécanique du béton armé corrodé', Comptes Rendus Mécanique, vol. 330, no. 1, pp. 45-50.
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Chang, S 2002, 'Experimental assessment of filtration of biomass with transverse and axial fibres', Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 87, no. 1, pp. 121-127.
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Chang, S, Fane, AG & Vigneswaran, S 2002, 'Modeling and optimizing submerged hollow fiber membrane modules', AIChE Journal, vol. 48, no. 10, pp. 2203-2212.
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Chapman, H, Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, HH, Dyer, S & Ben Aim, R 2002, 'Pre-flocculation of secondary treated wastewater in enhancing the performance of microfiltration', DESALINATION, vol. 146, no. 1-3, pp. 367-372.
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Chin, K-W, Judge, J, Williams, A & Kermode, R 2002, 'Implementation experience with MANET routing protocols', ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 49-59.
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This paper outlines our experience with the implementation and deployment of two MANET routing protocols on a five node, four hop, network. The work was prompted by the lack of published results concerning the issues associated with the implementation of MANET routing protocols on actual wireless networks, as opposed to results of simulation experiments. We examined implementations of two distance vector MANET routing protocols and found a number of problems with both protocols during the course of our experiments. The most significant was that neither protocol could provide a stable route over any multi-hop network connection. The route discovery process of both protocols is fooled by the transient availability of network links to nodes that were more than one hop away. Packets transmitted over a fading channel cause the routing protocol to conclude incorrectly that there is a new one hop neighbor that could provide a lower metric (hop count) route to even more distant nodes. This can occur even when nodes are stationary, mobility resulted in even less route stability. We implemented a simple signal strength based neighbor selection procedure to test our assertion that fading channels and unreliable network links were the cause of the failure of the routing protocols. The result was that neighbor discovery and the filtering for neighbors with which nodes could communicate reliably enables the creation of reliable multihop routes. Based on our experiences, we outline several recommendations for future work in MANET research.

Ching-Sung Shieh & Chin-Teng Lin 2002, 'A vector neural network for emitter identification', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 50, no. 8, pp. 1120-1127.
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Chin-Teng Lin, I-Fang Chung, Her-Chang Pu, Tsern-Huei Lee & Jyh-Yeong Chang 2002, 'Genetic algorithm-based neural fuzzy decision tree for mixed scheduling in ATM networks', IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics), vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 832-845.
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Chin-Teng Lin, Jiann-Yow Lin & Gin-Der Wu 2002, 'A robust word boundary detection algorithm for variable noise-level environment in cars', IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 89-101.
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Choi, K-S & Ball, JE 2002, 'Parameter estimation for urban runoff modelling', Urban Water, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 31-41.
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Accurate estimation of the control parameters for spatially distributed physically based catchment modelling systems requires considerable work to establish credibility. Presented in this paper is a methodology for estimation of control parameter values based on the application of a decision support system within a hydroinformatic system. The proposed methodology uses information contained within a GIS database together with optimisation techniques to infer spatially variable control parameters for utilisation with a catchment modelling system such as the Stormwater Management Model (SWMM). A case study application of the proposed methodology was undertaken using the Musgrave Avenue Stormwater System in Centennial Park, Sydney. Results from this application suggest that the proposed approach is capable of providing accurate spatially distributed control parameters for implementation with physically based catchment modelling systems.

Costanza, R, Voinov, A, Boumans, R, Maxwell, T, Villa, F, Wainger, L & Voinov, H 2002, 'INTEGRATED ECOLOGICAL ECONOMIC MODELING OF THE PATUXENT RIVER WATERSHED, MARYLAND', Ecological Monographs, vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 203-231.
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Costanza, R, Voinov, A, Boumans, R, Maxwell, T, Villa, F, Wainger, L & Voinov, H 2002, 'Integrated Ecological Economic Modeling of the Patuxent River Watershed, Maryland', Ecological Monographs, vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 203-203.
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Darwood, PB, Alexander, PD & Oppermann, IJ 2002, 'High spectral efficiency iterative multi-user detection for CDMA', Electronics Letters, vol. 38, no. 9, pp. 426-426.
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Deane, J, Liu, R, Chan, J, Percival, T & Economou, D 2002, 'The centie project', Telecommunications Journal of Australia, vol. 52, no. 2.
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CSIRO has established the Centre for Networking Technologies for the Information Economy (CeNTIE) to build an advanced network for research into new communications technologies. The aims of this Centre are to: enable next generation business systems which match advanced networks to advanced applications, stimulate a partnership with industry, universities and the research community, showcase Australian technologies, applications and services, provide foundations to build a sustainable, high performance research and engineering network.

Dev, P, Montgomery, K, Senger, S, Heinrichs, WL, Srivastava, S & Waldron, K 2002, 'Simulated medical learning environments on the Internet', JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 437-447.
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Learning anatomy and surgical procedures requires both a conceptual understanding of three-dimensional anatomy and a hands-on manipulation of tools and tissue. Such virtual resources are not available widely, are expensive, and may be culturally disallowed. Simulation technology, using high-performance computers and graphics, permits realistic real-time display of anatomy. Haptics technology supports the ability to probe and feel this virtual anatomy through the use of virtual tools. The Internet permits world-wide access to resources. We have brought together high-performance servers and high-bandwidth communication using the Next Generation Internet and complex bimanual haptics to simulate a tool-based learning environment for wide use. This article presents the technologic basis of this environment and some evaluation of its use in the gross anatomy course at Stanford University.

Dharmappa, H, Corderoy, RM & Hagare, P 2002, 'Teaching water treatment processes: Using multimedia and simulation', Water, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 49-54.
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Teaching and learning environments which use multimedia based resources have the potential to greatly improve the effectiveness and efficiency of learning by engaging students at a deeper level than may otherwise be possible. The presentation media and teaching methods work together to enrich the experience, providing the students with a greater opportunity to explore their own 'mental pictures', develop understanding and revise it as necessary. This is particularly so in situations where 'real world' phenomena and processes are being taught. Using such a multimedia package in teaching pollution control processes is novel. This paper reports on the successful development of a multimedia package dealing with several pollution control processes and its evaluation. The pollution control processes illustrated in the multi-media software are physico-chemical processes which are widely used in both water and wastewater treatment. Teaching the design concepts for these processes in a conventional classroom setting is challenging because students have difficulty in visualising the techniques and processes involved. This difficulty is compounded by the fact that many of the processes occur naturally over longer time periods and so cannot be easily be integrated into normal teaching environments. The software package incorporates several different media modes including text, drawings, photographs, animation, and simulation. A pilot evaluation of this package using third year engineering students indicated that it supported the development of greater insight and understanding of the complex treatment processes being taught. On the teaching side, it was possible to adopt 1 hour lecture and 3 hours tutorial format against the traditional 2 hours each of lecture and tutorial.

Dissanayake, G, Williams, SB, Durrant-Whyte, H & Bailey, T 2002, 'Map management for efficient simultanneous localisation and map building (SLAM) problem', Autonomous Robots, vol. 12, no. N/A, pp. 265-286.

Djajakesukma, SL, Samali, B, Li, J & Nguyen, H 2002, 'MODELLING AND IDENTIFICATION OF MR DAMPER FOR SEMIACTIVE STIFFNESS DAMPER', The Proceedings of the International Conference on Motion and Vibration Control, vol. 6.2, no. 0, pp. 1197-1202.
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Dodd, JL, Nielsen, MA, Bremner, MJ & Thew, RT 2002, 'Universal quantum computation and simulation using any entangling Hamiltonian and local unitaries', PHYSICAL REVIEW A, vol. 65, no. 4.
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Dovey, K 2002, 'Leadership development in a South African health service', International Journal of Public Sector Management, vol. 15, no. 7, pp. 520-533.
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The paper reports the outcomes of one module of a collaborative learning project aimed at the development of leadership capacity in district health management teams in the East Cape province of South Africa. A work‐based learning methodology was selected for the module with the intention of developing strategic and procedural knowledge bases within these teams as a way of addressing the complex problems of policy implementation in South African state organisations. The paper demonstrates the effectiveness of collaborative work‐based projects in developing team members’ capacity to solve difficult workplace problems and to implement strategy in a challenging operational environment. It endorses the role of leadership coaching in the development of, and ability to leverage, important strategic knowledge resources that reside within and between team members. The paper concludes with an example that demonstrates the developing ability of team members to initiate successful collaboration around the resolution of complex service delivery problems.

Duflos, S, Diaz, G, Gay, V & Horlait, E 2002, 'A comparative study of policy specification languages for secure distributed applications', MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES FOR E-COMMERCE AND E-BUSINESS APPLICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS, vol. 2506, pp. 157-168.
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This paper presents a comparative study of policy specification languages. Our objective is to find policy language or notation that is the most suitable to express the security aspects of distributed applications running on policy-based networks. We fir

Erramilli, A, Roughan, M, Veitch, D & Willinger, W 2002, 'Self-similar traffic and network dynamics', Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 90, no. 5, pp. 800-819.
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Feng, Y, Zhang, SY & Ying, MS 2002, 'Probabilistic cloning and deleting of quantum states', PHYSICAL REVIEW A, vol. 65, no. 4, pp. 1-4.
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We construct a probabilistic cloning and deleting machine which, taking several copies of an input quantum state, can output a linear superposition of multiple cloning and deleting states. Since the machine can perform cloning and deleting in a single un

Feng, Y, Zhang, SY, Duan, RY & Ying, MS 2002, 'Lower bound on inconclusive probability of unambiguous discrimination', PHYSICAL REVIEW A, vol. 66, no. 6, pp. 1-4.
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We derive a lower bound on the inconclusive probability of unambiguous discrimination among n linearly independent quantum states by using the constraint of no signaling. It improves the bound presented in the. paper of Zhang, Feng, Sun, and Ying [Phys.

Feng, Y, Zhang, SY, Sun, XM & Ying, MS 2002, 'Universal and original-preserving quantum copying is impossible', PHYSICS LETTERS A, vol. 297, no. 1-2, pp. 1-3.
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We show that an arbitrary quantum state cannot be universally 1 --> 2 copied keeping the original copy unchanged. Indeed, the density operator of the additional copy after the copying transformation is nothing but the scale product of the identity matrix

Fisher, J, Hu, XQ, Tipper, JL, Stewart, TD, Williams, S, Stone, MH, Davies, C, Hatto, P, Bolton, J, Riley, M, Hardaker, C, Isaac, GH, Berry, G & Ingham, E 2002, 'An in vitro study of the reduction in wear of metal-on-metal hip prostheses using surface-engineered femoral heads', Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine, vol. 216, no. 4, pp. 219-230.
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Although the wear of existing metal-on-metal (MOM) hip prostheses (1 mm3/106 cycles) is much lower than the more widely used polyethylene-on-metal bearings, there are concerns about the toxicity of metal wear particles and elevated metal ion levels, both locally and systemically, in the human body. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of reducing the volume of wear, the concentration of metal debris and the level of metal ion release through using surfaceengineered femoral heads. Three thick (8-12 μm) coatings (TiN, CrN and CrCN) and one thin (2 μm) coating (diamond-like carbon, DLC), were evaluated on the femoral heads when articulating against high carbon content cobalt-chromium alloy acetabular inserts (HC CoCrMo) and compared with a clinically used MOM cobalt-chromium alloy bearing couple using a physiological anatomical hip joint simulator (Leeds Mark II). This study showed that CrN, CrCN and DLC coatings produced substantially lower wear volumes for both the coated femoral heads and the HC CoCrMo inserts. The TiN coating itself had little wear, but it caused relatively high wear of the HC CoCrMo inserts compared with the other coatings. The majority of the wear debris for all half-coated couples comprised small, 30 nm or less, CoCrMo metal particles. The Co, Cr and Mo ion concentrations released from the bearing couples of CrN-, CrCN- and DLC-coated heads articulating against HC CoCrMo inserts were at least 7 times lower than those released from the clinical MOM prostheses. These surface-engineered femoral heads articulating on HC CoCrMo acetabular inserts produced significantly lower wear volumes and rates, and hence lower volumetric concentrations of wear particles, compared with the clinical MOM prosthesis. The substantially lower ion concentration released by these surface-engineered components provides important evidence to support the clinical application of this technology.

Fyfe, C & Gabrys, B 2002, 'Guest editorial introduction', Knowledge-Based Systems, vol. 15, no. 1-2, pp. 1-2.
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Gabrys, B 2002, 'Neuro-fuzzy approach to processing inputs with missing values in pattern recognition problems', International Journal of Approximate Reasoning, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 149-179.
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Gahtori, B, Lal, R & Joshi, SK 2002, 'Importance of coherence length in explaining superconducting behaviour of cuprate superconductors', INDIAN JOURNAL OF PURE & APPLIED PHYSICS, vol. 40, no. 8, pp. 574-576.

Garcés-Chávez, V, McGloin, D, Melville, H, Sibbett, W & Dholakia, K 2002, 'Simultaneous micromanipulation in multiple planes using a self-reconstructing light beam', Nature, vol. 419, no. 6903, pp. 145-147.
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Gay, V, Duflos, S, Kervella, B, Diaz, G & Horlait, E 2002, 'Policy-based Quality of Service and security management for multimedia services on IP networks in the RTIPA* project', MANAGEMENT OF MULTIMEDIA ON THE INTERNET, vol. 2496, pp. 25-35.
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This paper summarizes the research work that has been conducted in the context of the RTIPA project on policy-based QoS (Quality of Service) and security management for distributed multimedia services. It presents an architecture allowing the derivation

Ge, Y & Esselle, KP 2002, 'A new, closed-form, spatial-domain Green's function for layered structures and its application to the method of moments', Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 229-231.
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Govind, Ajay & Joshi, SK 2002, 'Condensation energy of the superconducting bilayer cuprates', Pramana, vol. 58, no. 5-6, pp. 861-866.
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Guo, YG & Zhu, JG 2002, 'Magnetic field calculation of claw pole permanent magnet machines using magnetic network method', Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Australia, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 69-77.
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This paper reports the three-dimensional magnetic field analysis using the magnetic network method for evaluation of parameters and performance of a claw pole permanent magnet machine. The magnetic network model is built based on the principle of equivalent magnetic flux pipes and the network equations are derived to solve the nodal magnetic scalar potentials, which are used to calculate the magnetic flux flowing through different cross-sectional areas. The results are validated by 3D finite element method. The magnetic network technique has the advantage of combining the speed of the conventional magnetic circuit method and the computational accuracy of finite element analysis.

Hao, H, Wu, C & Seah, CC 2002, 'Numerical Analysis of Blast-Induced Stress Waves in a Rock Mass with Anisotropic Continuum Damage Models Part 2: Stochastic Approach', Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 95-108.
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Hao, H, Wu, C & Zhou, Y 2002, 'Numerical Analysis of Blast-Induced Stress Waves in a Rock Mass with Anisotropic Continuum Damage Models Part 1: Equivalent Material Property Approach', Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 79-94.
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Holtzman, R, Kastner, R, Heyman, E & Ziolkowski, RW 2002, 'Stability analysis of the Green's function method (GFM) used as an ABC for arbitrarily shaped boundaries', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 50, no. 7, pp. 1017-1029.
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Hsiuan-ju Hsu, Hill, MJ, Papapolymerou, J & Ziolkowski, RW 2002, 'A planar X-band electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) 3-pole filter', IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 255-257.
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Hsiuan-ju Hsu, Hill, MJ, Ziolkowski, RW & Papapolymerou, J 2002, 'A Duroid-based planar EBG cavity resonator filter with improved quality factor', IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 1, pp. 67-70.
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Huang, S & Lam, J 2002, 'Saturated linear quadratic regulation of uncertain linear systems: Stability region estimation and controller design', International Journal of Control, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 97-110.
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This paper considers the problems of estimating the stability region (domain of attraction) and controller design for uncertain linear continuous-time systems with input saturation when linear quadratic (LQ) optimal controller is used. By exploiting the structure of the LQ controller and the property of saturation functions, it is established that the estimation of stability region can be obtained by solving linear matrix inequality (LMI) problems. Moreover, an iterative LMI (ILMI) algorithm is presented to design an LQ controller such that the largest estimated stability region can be obtained. Two examples are given to compare our results with existing ones.

Hutvagner, G & Zamore, PD 2002, 'RNA interference: Nature hates double strands', BIOFUTUR, vol. 228, no. 228, pp. 52-57.

Hutvágner, G & Zamore, PD 2002, 'A microRNA in a Multiple-Turnover RNAi Enzyme Complex', Science, vol. 297, no. 5589, pp. 2056-2060.
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In animals, the double-stranded RNA-specific endonuclease Dicer produces two classes of functionally distinct, tiny RNAs: microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). miRNAs regulate mRNA translation, whereas siRNAs direct RNA destruction via the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. Here we show that, in human cell extracts, the miRNA let - 7 naturally enters the RNAi pathway, which suggests that only the degree of complementarity between a miRNA and its RNA target determines its function. Human let - 7 is a component of a previously identified, miRNA-containing ribonucleoprotein particle, which we show is an RNAi enzyme complex. Each let - 7 –containing complex directs multiple rounds of RNA cleavage, which explains the remarkable efficiency of the RNAi pathway in human cells.

Hutvágner, G & Zamore, PD 2002, 'RNAi: nature abhors a double-strand', Current Opinion in Genetics & Development, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 225-232.
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In organisms as diverse as nematodes, trypanosomes, plants, and fungi, double-stranded RNA triggers the destruction of homologous mRNAs, a phenomenon known as RNA interference. RNA interference begins with the transformation of the double-stranded RNA in

Iacopi, F, Brongersma, SH, Abell, TJ & Maex, K 2002, 'Buckling instabilities of thin cap layers deposited onto low-k dielectric films', MRS Proceedings, vol. 734.
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ABSTRACTCompressive stresses in thin capping films deposited onto low-k dielectric substrates are particularly prone to relaxation through buckling. This is due to insufficient cap/low-k film adhesion energy and to the compliance of low dielectric constant films. Low-k dielectric films, especially when porous, have low elastic modulus and demonstrate poor adhesion to other layers.When adhesion is poor the cap film can locally buckle as if unconstrained. The buckle front can propagate like a crack and lead to complete delamination of the cap layer. If the cap/low-k film adhesive energy is high, wrinkling instabilities can take place under specific conditions determined by the geometry and the mechanical properties of the stack. In this case the dielectric also deforms due to stress relaxation. A theoretical and experimental evaluation of the parameters influencing the occurrence of these instabilities is presented. This study was carried out to explore the application and reliability of low-k materials as dielectrics for advanced interconnects.

Iacopi, F, Tokei, Z, Le, QT, Shamiryan, D, Conard, T, Brijs, B, Kreissig, U, Van Hove, M & Maex, K 2002, 'Factors affecting an efficient sealing of porous low-k dielectrics by physical vapor deposition Ta(N) thin films', JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, vol. 92, no. 3, pp. 1548-1554.
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Indraratna, B & Radampola, S 2002, 'Analysis of Critical Hydraulic Gradient for Particle Movement in Filtration', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 128, no. 4, pp. 347-350.
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Indraratna, B & Salim, W 2002, 'Modelling of particle breakage of coarse aggregates incorporating strength and dilatancy', Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 155, no. 4, pp. 243-252.
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The degradation of coarse aggregates under shear stresses and its influence on the shear strength is studied, considering the energy consumption by particle breakage during shearing. An analytical model is developed relating the deviator stress ratio, dilatancy, friction angle and particle breakage under triaxial loading. Large-scale triaxial testing of latite basalt has been conducted, and the extent of particle breakage during shearing has been quantified. The breakage of particles under monotonic triaxial loading has been considered within the scope of this paper, and the modelling of particle breakage of aggregates under cyclic loading will be presented in a follow-up paper. The results show that the breakage of particles continues to increase beyond the peak deviator stress. The energy consumption by particle breakage is non-linearly related to the particle breakage index. The model also evaluates the effect of particle breakage on the friction angle of ballast. This study sheds further light on the basic angle of friction, which is independent of the breakage of particles during shearing.

Indraratna, B, Glamore, WC & Tularam, GA 2002, 'The effects of tidal buffering on acid sulphate soil environments in coastal areas of New South Wales', Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 181-199.
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One-way floodgates installed on flood mitigation drains in regions affected by acid sulphate soils restrict carbonate bicarbonate buffering, thereby creating reservoirs of acid water (pH < 4.5) that discharge during the ebb tide. The drain water quality and hydrodynamic conditions prior to and following floodgate modifications that allowed for controlled saline intrusion are described with reference to data collected from intensively drained and floodgated coastal lowlands located in southeastern New South Wales, Australia. CI:SO4 ratios taken from ground-water samples depicted an acidic environment with little soil buffering capacity. Prior to modification, water quality upstream of the one-way floodgate was consistently acidic (average pH 4.6) with high concentrations of aluminum and iron that fluctuated with precipitation. Over a two-week period before modifications, floodgate leakage permitted alkaline water to intrude upstream of the floodgate and react with H+ ions. This period showed the strongest supporting field evidence for tidal buffering via modified floodgates. After installing vertical lifting, two-way floodgates average drain water pH increased to 5.89 and aluminum and iron concentrations decreased by more than 30%. A large rainfall (131.8 mm) during the post-modification period caused acidic groundwater flushing, however, in comparison to the pre-modification period, recovery time and average pH were markedly improved. Preliminary investigations of ground-water salinity in response to tidal intrusion has shown that electrical conductivity fluctuates with rainfall and it is predominately limited to 10 m perpendicular to the drain.

Indraratna, B, Price, J, Ranjith, P & Gale, W 2002, 'Some aspects of unsaturated flow in jointed rock', International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 555-568.
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Ingram, J, Matthews, JB, Tipper, J, Stone, M, Fisher, J & Ingham, E 2002, 'Comparison of the biological activity of grade GUR 1120 and GUR 415HP UHMWPE wear debris.', Biomed Mater Eng, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 177-188.
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This study evaluated the in vitro response of murine macrophages to clinically relevant polyethylene particles from two grades of UHMWPE at varying volume doses. Clinically relevant UHMWPE wear debris was generated in vitro using a tri-pin-on-disc tribometer. The debris was observed using a scanning electron microscope and analysed by image analysis. There was no significant difference in the wear rates of the two grades of UHMWPE. Analysis of the wear debris showed that GUR 415HP produced a higher percentage of mass of debris in the submeter size range compared to GUR 1120. The wear debris was co-cultured with C3H murine peritoneal macrophages at particle volume (microm(3)): cell number ratios of 100 :1, 50 :1, 10 :1 and 1 :1 for both grades of UHMWPE and additionally at 0.5 :1 and 0.1 :1 for grade GUR 415HP. The secretion of TNF-alpha was determined by ELISA. Significantly elevated levels of TNF-alpha were secreted at 100 :1 ratio when macrophages were challenged with wear debris from GUR 1120 and at 10 :1 and 1 :1 for debris from GUR 415HP. The results suggested that the greater percentage mass of debris in the submicrometer size range from GUR 415HP lead to a substantial increase in biological activity for this grade of UHMWPE on a volume for volume basis when compared with GUR 1120.

Jegatheesan, V, Lamsal, PR, Visvanathan, C, Ngo, HH & Shu, L 2002, 'Effect of natural organic compounds on the removal of organic carbon in coagulation and flocculation processes', Water Supply, vol. 2, no. 5-6, pp. 473-479.
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Natural organic matter (NOM) in water contains organic compounds that are both hydrophobic and hydrophilic with a wide range of molecular weights. It is composed of non-homogeneous organic compounds such as humic substances, amino acids, sugars, aliphatic and aromatic acids, and other chemical synthetic organic matters. NOM in water is a major concern not only because of its contribution to the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) and taste and odor, but also its influence on the demand for coagulants and disinfectants, the removal efficiency of water treatment processes, etc. This research aims at identifying the influence of NOM in coagulation and flocculation processes in order to optimize the coagulation and flocculation conditions. In this study, pretreated pond water was used as the source water. It was observed from the experimental results that:The optimum pH for coagulation to remove NOM is around 7.The optimum alum dose at this pH can vary from 125-1,225 mgl-1 when the TOC is increased from 4 to 25 mgl-1.The presence of secondary compounds such as Ca2+, Mg2+ divalent cations had no significant effect on the removal of organic matter.The presence of clay increased the organic removal by 15%.The organic compound with higher molecular weight has higher removal affinity in coagulation process.Floc size and settling velocity of floc and sludge production all increased with the increase in NOM concentration. From the results of Capillary Suction Time (CST) tests, the floc formed with lower TOC readily released the water to make the dewatering process easier.The organic removal efficiency was significantly different for natural water containing non-homogeneous organic compounds compared to the synthetic water containing humic acid only (homogeneous organic matter). For example, the NOM removal efficiency was 80% for the synthetic water containing humic acid with TOC of 7 mgl-1 at pH 7; but the NOM removal for the...

Ji, JC & Leung, AYT 2002, 'Bifurcation control of a parametrically excited duffing system', NONLINEAR DYNAMICS, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 411-417.
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A linear time-delayed feedback control is used to delay the occurrence of pitchfork bifurcations and to eliminate saddle-node bifurcations, which may arise in the nonlinear response of a parametrically excited Duffing system under the principal parametric resonance. The feedback gains and the time delay are chosen by analyzing the modulation equations of the amplitude and the phase. It is shown that by using an appropriate feedback control, the stable re,,ion of the trivial solutions can be broadened, a discontinuous bifurcation can be transformed into a continuous one, and the jump phenomenon in the resonance response can be removed.

Ji, JC & Leung, AYT 2002, 'Resonances of a non-linear s.d.o.f. system with two time-delays in linear feedback control', JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION, vol. 253, no. 5, pp. 985-1000.
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The primary, superharmonic, and subharmonic resonances of a harmonically excited non-linear s.d.o.f. system with two distinct time-delays in the linear state feeback are studied. The two different time-delays are presented in the proportional feedback and the derivative feedback respectively. The method of multiple scales is utilized to obtain the first order approximation of response. The effect of the feedback gains and time-delays on the steady state responses of three types of resonances is investigated. It is found that a proper selection of the feedback gains and time-delays can enhance the control performance.

Jia-Jung Wang, Chin-Teng Lin, Shing-Hong Liu & Zu-Chi Wen 2002, 'Model-based synthetic fuzzy logic controller for indirect blood pressure measurement', IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics), vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 306-315.
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Joshi, SC, Lam, YC, Boey, FYC & Tok, AIY 2002, 'Power law fluids and Bingham plastics flow models for ceramic tape casting', Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 120, no. 1-3, pp. 215-225.
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Joshi, SK 2002, 'Scenario in nanomaterials', NATIONAL ACADEMY SCIENCE LETTERS-INDIA, vol. 25, no. 11-12, pp. 313-316.

Joshi, SK, Mehta, L & Deshpande, AP 2002, 'Resistivity studies on Al-Zn-Mg system', INDIAN JOURNAL OF PURE & APPLIED PHYSICS, vol. 40, no. 7, pp. 482-488.

Joshi, SK, Su, X, Porreca, F & Gebhart, GF 2002, 'kappa-opioid receptor agonists modulate visceral nociception at a nover, peripheral site of action (vol 20, pg 5874, 2000)', JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. A1-A1.

Joshi, SS, Vu, UE, Lovgren, TR, Lorkovic, M, Patel, W, Todd, GL, Kuszynski, C, Joshi, BJ & Dave, HP 2002, 'Comparison of Phenotypic and Functional Dendritic Cells Derived from Human Umbilical Cord Blood and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells', Journal of Hematotherapy & Stem Cell Research, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 337-347.
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Kabasawa, M, Miyanaga, Y & Hataoka, N 2002, 'A clustering/labeling analog LSI architecture for media recognition', Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part III: Fundamental Electronic Science), vol. 85, no. 10, pp. 1-7.
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Kalam, MA & Masjuki, HH 2002, 'Biodiesel from palmoil—an analysis of its properties and potential', Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 471-479.
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Kang, K & Corbitt, B 2002, 'Effectiveness of Graphical Components in Web Site E-commerce Application - A Cultural Perspective', The Electronic Journal on Information Systems in Developing Countries, vol. 7, pp. 2-6.

Katare, RK, Joshi, SK, Shrivastava, BD, Patel, RN & Mishra, A 2002, 'XANES and EXAFS studies of some copper(II) mixed-ligand complexes', INDIAN JOURNAL OF PURE & APPLIED PHYSICS, vol. 40, no. 12, pp. 908-913.

Kim, SH, Ngo, HH, Chaudhary, D, Kim, JC, Vigneswaran, S & Moon, H 2002, 'Characterization procedure for adsorption of DOC (Dissolved Organic Carbon) from synthetic wastewater', KOREAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 888-894.
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Kodagoda, KRS, Wijesoma, WS & Teoh, EK 2002, 'Fuzzy speed and steering control of an AGV', IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 112-120.
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he development of techniques for lateral and longitudinal control of vehicles has become an important and active research topic in the face of emerging markets for advanced autonomous guided vehicles (AGVs) and mobile robots. In this respect, there has been much literature published, although not so much on the actual performance of such controllers in a practical setting. The primary focus in this paper is on the development and actual implementation of intelligent and stable fuzzy proportional derivative-proportional integral (PD-PI) controllers for steering and speed control of an AGV. The AGV used in this study is an electrically powered golf car, suitably modified for autonomous navigation and control. The use of fuzzy logic for control law synthesis, among other things, facilitates the incorporation of control heuristics, while guaranteeing stability, uncoupling steering control from speed control and providing for easy incorporation of a braking controller. Through experimentation, the designed controllers are demonstrated to be insensitive to parametric uncertainty, load and parameter fluctuations and, most importantly, amenable to real-time implementation. The performance of the proposed uncoupled direct fuzzy PD/PI control schemes for this particular outdoor AGV is also compared against conventional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed fuzzy logic controllers, which are synthesized from a variable structure systems viewpoint, also outperform conventional PID schemes, particularly in tracking accuracy, steady-state error, control chatter and robustness

Korkmaz, T, Krunz, M & Tragoudas, S 2002, 'An efficient algorithm for finding a path subject to two additive constraints', Computer Communications, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 225-238.
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Kreimer, J 2002, 'Real-time system with homogeneous servers and nonidentical channels in steady-state', Computers & Operations Research, vol. 29, no. 11, pp. 1465-1473.
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Krunz, M & Matta, I 2002, 'Analytical investigation of the bias effect in variance-type estimators for inference of long-range dependence', Computer Networks, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 445-458.
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Krunz, M & Matta, I 2002, 'Quality of service routing', IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 46-47.

Kuipers, F, Van Mieghem, P, Korkmaz, T & Krunz, M 2002, 'An overview of constraint-based path selection algorithms for QoS routing', IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 40, no. 12, pp. 50-55.
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LAL, SKL & CRAIG, A 2002, 'Driver fatigue: Electroencephalography and psychological assessment', Psychophysiology, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 313-321.
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Fatigue has major implications for transportation system safety; therefore, investigating the psychophysiological links to fatigue could enhance our understanding and management of fatigue in the transport industry. This study examined the psychophysiological changes that occurred during a driver simulator task in 35 randomly selected subjects. Results showed that significant electroencephalographic changes occur during fatigue. Delta and theta activity were found to increase significantly during fatigue. Heart rate was significantly lower after the driving task. Blink rate also changed during the fatigue task. Increased trait anxiety, tensionanxiety, fatigueinertia and reduced vigoractivity were shown to be associated with neurophysiological indicators of fatigue such as increased delta and theta activity. The results are discussed in light of directions for future studies and for the development of a fatigue countermeasure device.

Lei, QP, Lamb, DH, Heller, RK, Shannon, AG, Ryall, R & Cash, P 2002, 'Kinetic studies on the rate of hydrolysis of N-ethyl-N '-(dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide in aqueous solutions using mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis', ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY, vol. 310, no. 1, pp. 122-124.

Leyendekkers, JV & Shannon, AG 2002, 'A Note on twin primes and the modular ring Z 6', International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 303-306.
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The modular ring ℤ6 defines integers via (6r i + (i − 3)) where i is the class and r i the row when tabulated in an array. Since only Classes 26 and 46 contain odd primes, this modular ring is ideally suited to the analysis of twin primes. The calculations are facilitated by the use of the right-end digit (RED) technique. © 2002 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Leyendekkers, JV & Shannon, AG 2002, 'Fermat and the solution of x3 - 2 = y2', International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 91-95.
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Using the modular ring Z4, simple algebra is used to study diophantine equations of the form (x 3 − a = y 2). Fermat challenged his contemporaries to solve this equation when a = 2. They were unable to do so, although Fermat had devised a rather complicated proof himself. © 2002 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Li, J & Wong, L 2002, 'Identifying good diagnostic gene groups from gene expression profiles using the concept of emerging patterns', Bioinformatics, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 725-734.
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Abstract Motivations and Results: Gene groups that are significantly related to a disease can be detected by conducting a series of gene expression experiments. This work is aimed at discovering special types of gene groups that satisfy the following property. In each group, its member genes are found to be one-to-one contained in pre-determined intervals of gene expression level with a large frequency in one class of cells but are never found unanimously in these intervals in the other class of cells. We call these gene groups emerging patterns, to emphasize the patterns' frequency changes between two classes of cells. We use effective discretization and gene selection methods to obtain the most discriminatory genes. We also use efficient algorithms to derive the patterns from these genes. According to our studies on the ALL/AML dataset and the colon tumor dataset, some patterns, which consist of one or more genes, can reach a high frequency of 90%, or even 100%. In other words, they nearly or fully dominate one class of cells, even though they rarely occur in the other class. The discovered patterns are used to classify new cells with a higher accuracy than other reported methods. Based on these patterns, we also conjecture the possibility of a personalized treatment plan which converts colon tumor cells into normal cells by modulating the expression levels of a few genes. Contact: jinyan@krdl.org.sg; limsoon@krdl.org.sg * To whom correspondence should be addressed.

Li, J, Joshi, SC & Lam, YC 2002, 'Curing optimization for pultruded composite sections', Composites Science and Technology, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 457-467.
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Li, J, Samali, B, Ye, L & Bakoss, S 2002, 'Behaviour of concrete beam–column connections reinforced with hybrid FRP sheet', Composite Structures, vol. 57, no. 1-4, pp. 357-365.
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Lin, C-T, Duh, F-B & Liu, D-J 2002, 'A neural fuzzy network for word information processing', Fuzzy Sets and Systems, vol. 127, no. 1, pp. 37-48.
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LIN, C-T, WU, R-C & WU, G-D 2002, 'NOISY SPEECH SEGMENTATION/ENHANCEMENT WITH MULTIBAND ANALYSIS AND NEURAL FUZZY NETWORKS', International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, vol. 16, no. 07, pp. 927-955.
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This paper addresses the problem of speech segmentation and enhancement in the presence of noise. We first propose a new word boundary detection algorithm by using a neural fuzzy network (called ATF-based SONFIN algorithm) for identifying islands of word signals in fixed noise-level environment. We further propose a new RTF-based RSONFIN algorithm where the background noise level varies during the procedure of recording. The adaptive time-frequency (ATF) and refined time-frequency (RTF) parameters extend the TF parameter from single band to multiband spectrum analysis, and help to make the distinction of speech and noise signals clear. The ATF and RTF parameters can extract useful frequency information by adaptively choosing proper bands of the mel-scale frequency bank. Due to the self-learning ability of SONFIN and RSONFIN, the proposed algorithms avoid the need of empirically determining thresholds and ambiguous rules. The RTF-based RSONFIN algorithm can also find the variation of the background noise level and detect correct word boundaries in the condition of variable background noise level by processing the temporal relations. Our experimental results show that both in the fixed and variable noise-level environment, the algorithms that we proposed achieved higher recognition rate than several commonly used word boundary detection algorithms and reduced the recognition error rate due to endpoint detection.

Lin, Q, Zhang, L & Jia, W 2002, 'Omnidirectional Grey-Time Waveform System and Its Application in Ultrasound Echocardiography', Journal of Electronic Measurement and Instrument, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 70-75.

Liu, H, Li, J & Wong, L 2002, 'A comparative study on feature selection and classification methods using gene expression profiles and proteomic patterns.', Genome Inform, vol. 13, pp. 51-60.
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Feature selection plays an important role in classification. We present a comparative study on six feature selection heuristics by applying them to two sets of data. The first set of data are gene expression profiles from Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) patients. The second set of data are proteomic patterns from ovarian cancer patients. Based on features chosen by these methods, error rates of several classification algorithms were obtained for analysis. Our results demonstrate the importance of feature selection in accurately classifying new samples.

Lo, KW, Perry, SW & Ferguson, BG 2002, 'Aircraft flight parameter estimation using acoustical Lloyd's mirror effect', IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 137-151.
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Locke, M & Indraratna, B 2002, 'Filtration of broadly graded soils: the reduced PSD method', Géotechnique, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 285-287.
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Lockwood, J & Krunz, M 2002, 'Guest Editor's Introduction Hot Interconnects', IEEE Micro, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 8-9.
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Lukasiak, J & Burnett, IS 2002, 'Low Delay Scalable Decomposition of Speech Waveforms', Proceedings of 6th Intl. Symposium on DSP for Communication Systems, Sydney, pp. 12-15.

Lukasiak, J & Burnett, IS 2002, 'Scalable decomposition of speech waveforms', Speech Coding, 2002, IEEE Workshop Proceedings., pp. 135-137.
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Lukasiak, J & Burnett, IS 2002, 'Spanning the 4 kbps divide using pulse modeled residual', Speech Coding, 2002, IEEE Workshop Proceedings., pp. 20-22.
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Luo, Q & Tong, L 2002, 'Exact static solutions to piezoelectric smart beams including peel stresses', International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol. 39, no. 18, pp. 4677-4695.
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Luo, Q & Tong, L 2002, 'Exact static solutions to piezoelectric smart beams including peel stresses. II. Numerical results, comparison and discussion', International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol. 39, no. 18, pp. 4697-4722.
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Marengo, EA & Ziolkowski, RW 2002, 'Nonradiating sources, the Aharonov-Bohm effect, and the question of measurability of electromagnetic potentials', Radio Science, vol. 37, no. 6.
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Marik, PE, Varon, J, Abroug, F, Besbes, L, Nouira, S, Sarkar, S, Kupfer, Y, Tessler, S, Rivers, EP & Nguyen, HB 2002, 'Goal-Directed Therapy for Severe Sepsis', New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 346, no. 13, pp. 1025-1026.
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Maskaoui, K, Zhou, JL, Hong, HS & Zhang, ZL 2002, 'Contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Jiulong River Estuary and Western Xiamen Sea, China', Environmental Pollution, vol. 118, no. 1, pp. 109-122.
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The distribution of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was determined in water, sediment and pore water of the Jiulong River Estuary and Western Xiamen Sea, China. Total PAH concentrations varied from 6.96 to 26.9 µg/l in water, 591177 ng/g dry weight in surficial sediments, and 158949 µg/l in pore water. The PAHs were present in higher levels in pore water than in surface water, due possibly to higher concentrations of dissolved organic carbon or colloids with which the hydrophobic pollutants were strongly associated. Such a concentration gradient implies a potential flux of pollutants from sediment pore water to overlying water. The levels of PAHs in water and pore water were significantly higher than those found in 1998, suggesting recent inputs of these compounds into the area and re-working of sediment phase. The composition pattern of PAHs in the three phases was dominated by high molecular weight PAHs, in particular 5-ring PAHs. The salinity profile of dissolved PAHs suggested that they all behaved non-conservatively due to deviation from the theoretical dilution line. No correlation was found between PAH concentrations in sediment and those in pore water, and the correlation between the partition coefficients of PAHs and sediment organic carbon content was not significant, suggesting the complexity of the partition behaviour of PAHs. As a result of high PAH concentrations in water and pore water, it is likely that they may have caused mortality to certain exposed organisms.

Mehta, L, Joshi, SK & Deshpande, AP 2002, 'Studies on Al-Si-X samples (where X = Mn, Fe)', INDIAN JOURNAL OF PURE & APPLIED PHYSICS, vol. 40, no. 7, pp. 520-523.

Miro, JV & White, AS 2002, 'Modelling an industrial manipulator a case study', Simulation Practice and Theory, vol. 9, no. 6-8, pp. 293-319.
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A practical application of the modelling and validation of an open-chain industrial manipulator is presented in this paper. Both mechanical and electrical equations of motion were used to provide a complete model description. A model was obtained to enable an optimal path-planning controller to be designed. The paper describes how the equations of motion were derived and how the key parameters were obtained. The manipulator was simulated with TELEGRIP software. A validation procedure is illustrated and its' limitations exposed. The overall motion was found to give an agreement with the model predictions to within 86% for the smallest link and better than 96% for the major joints

Miro, JV & White, AS 2002, 'Quasi-optimal trajectory planning and control of a CRS A251 industrial robot', Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering, vol. 216, no. 4, pp. 343-356.
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A near-optimal solution to the path-unconstrained time-optimal trajectory planning problem is described in this paper. While traditional trajectory planning strategies are entirely based on kinematic considerations, manipulator dynamics are usually neglected altogether. The strategy presented in this work has two distinguishing features. Firstly, the trajectory planning problem is reformulated as an optimal control problem, which is in turn solved using Pontryagin's maximum/minimum principle. This approach merges the traditional division of trajectory planning followed by trajectory tracking into one process. Secondly, the feedback form compensates for the dynamic approximation errors derived from linearization and the fundamental parameter uncertainty of the dynamic equations of motion. This approach can cope with flexible robots as well as rigid links. The terminal phase of the motion is controlled by a feedforward controller to reduce chatter vibrations. Results from simulations and an on-line implementation to a general-purpose open-chain industrial manipulator, the CRS A251, confirm the validity of the approach and show that maximizing the capabilities of the device can lead to an overall improvement in the manipulator time response of up to 24 per cent, while retaining an acceptable overshoot and steady state error regime.

Miro, JV & White, AS 2002, 'Quasi-optimal trajectory planning and control of a CRS A251 industrial robot', PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART I-JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS AND CONTROL ENGINEERING, vol. 216, no. I4, pp. 343-356.
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Molloy, D, Kaloo, PD, Cooper, M & Nguyen, TV 2002, 'Laparoscopic entry: a literature review and analysis of techniques and complications of primary port entry', The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 246-254.
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Mote, PA, Bartow, S, Tran, N & Clarke, CL 2002, 'Loss of Co-ordinate Expression of Progesterone Receptors A and B is an Early Event in Breast Carcinogenesis', Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 163-172.
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Progesterone receptor (PR) mediates the effects of progesterone in mammary tissues and plays a crucial role in normal breast development and in breast cancer. PR proteins are expressed as two isoforms, PRA and PRB, that have different capacities to activ

MUKHERJEE, A & JOSHI, S 2002, 'ENERGY EFFICIENT ACTUATORS IN VIBRATION CONTROL OF PLATED STRUCTURES', Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 258, no. 1, pp. 179-190.
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Mukherjee, A & Joshi, S 2002, 'Piezoelectric Sensor and Actuator Spatial Design for Shape Control of Piezolaminated Plates', AIAA Journal, vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 1204-1210.
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Mukherjee, A, Joshi, SP & Ganguli, A 2002, 'Active vibration control of piezolaminated stiffened plates', Composite Structures, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 435-443.
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Nghiem, LD & Schäfer, AI 2002, 'Adsorption and Transport of Trace Contaminant Estrone in NF/RO Membranes', Environmental Engineering Science, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 441-451.
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Nghiem, LD, Schäfer, AI & Waite, TD 2002, 'Adsorptive interactions between membranes and trace contaminants', Desalination, vol. 147, no. 1-3, pp. 269-274.
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Ngo, HH, Vigneswaran, S, Hu, JY, Thirunavukkarasu, O & Viraraghavan, T 2002, 'A comparison of conventional and non-conventional treatment technologies on arsenic removal from water', Water Supply, vol. 2, no. 5-6, pp. 119-125.
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In this study, four treatment methods were used to remove arsenic from water, namely: (i) chemical precipitation, (ii) arsenic adsorption onto iron-oxide-coated sand, (iii) high-rate saturated floating-medium flocculator/filter and (iv) membrane hybrid system (adsorption-microfiltration). The results indicated that more than 90% of total arsenic was removed by using FeCl3 (40 mg/L) as coagulant. The removal efficiency was 10% lower when polysilicato-iron (PSI, 2.5 mg/L) was used as a flocculant. The results of both the batch and column adsorption studies showed that iron-oxide-coated sand can effectively be used to achieve very high levels of arsenic removal (less than 5 μm/L as As in drinking water). Arsenic was removed up to 78% from the packed polystyrene beads filter with in-line FeCl3 addition at a high loading rate of 30 m3/m2.h. When powder activated carbon (PAC) was used in the membrane hybrid system, 87% removal of arsenic was achieved. A mixing time of 2.7 min with the mixing intensity of 87.8 s-1 were used. A very high filtration (permeate flux of 760 L/m2.h) was observed with a membrane of pore size of 0.2 μm.

Nicoletti, MDC & Brennan, J 2002, 'Learning spatial relations using an inductive logic programming system', Computing and Informatics, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 17-36.
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The ability to learn spatial relations is a prerequisite for performing many relevant tasks such as those associated with motion, orientation, navigation, etc. This paper reports on using an Inductive Logic Programmming (ILP) system for learning function-free Horn-clause descriptions of spatial knowledge. Its main contribution, however, is to show that an existing relation between two reference systems - the speaker-relative and the absolute - can be automatically learned by an ILP system, given the proper background knowledge and positive examples.

Nielsen, MA, Bremner, MJ, Dodd, JL, Childs, AM & Dawson, CM 2002, 'Universal simulation of Hamiltonian dynamics for quantum systems with finite-dimensional state spaces', PHYSICAL REVIEW A, vol. 66, no. 2.
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Ollerton, RL, Iskov, GH & Shannon, AG 2002, 'Three-dimensional profiles using a spherical cutting bit: problem solving in practice', International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 763-769.
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An engineering problem concerned with relating the coordinates of the centre of a spherical cutting tool to the actual cutting surface leads to a potentially rich example of problem-solving techniques. Basic calculus, Lagrange multipliers and vector calculus techniques are employed to produce solutions that may be compared to better understand each approach. As an added bonus, the formula for radius of curvature arises very naturally as does a generalization of the cycloid. © 2002 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Oppermann, I 2002, 'A technique for deriving sets of orthogonal sequences from binary parents which preserves auto-correlation properties', IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 6, no. 10, pp. 416-418.
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Pasztor, A & Veitch, D 2002, 'The packet size dependence of packet pair like methods', IEEE 2002 Tenth IEEE International Workshop on Quality of Service (Cat. No.02EX564).
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Pásztor, A & Veitch, D 2002, 'On the Scope of Active Probing Methods', IEEE INFOCOM, pp. 1-1.

Perry, SW & Guan, L 2002, 'A pulse length tolerant neural network‐based detector for sector‐scan sonar', The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 112, no. 5, pp. 2307-2307.
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Ponval, S, Pradhan, BK, Sharma, JK & Jain, SC 2002, 'Search and Render Algorithm for Three-dimensional Terrain Visualisation of Large Dataset', Defence Science Journal, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 277-284.
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Potter, ME & Ziolkowski, RW 2002, 'Two compact structures for perpendicular coupling of optical signals between dielectric and photonic crystal waveguides', Optics Express, vol. 10, no. 15, pp. 691-691.
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Pratap, A, Lal, R, Govind & Joshi, SK 2002, 'Spectral properties of doped bilayer cuprates at finite temperatures', Pramana, vol. 58, no. 5-6, pp. 855-859.
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PU, H-C & LIN, C-T 2002, 'A NEURAL-NETWORK-BASED IMAGE RESOLUTION ENHANCEMENT SCHEME FOR IMAGE RESIZING', International Journal of Image and Graphics, vol. 02, no. 04, pp. 503-517.
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In this paper, a novel edge-oriented neural-network-based adaptive interpolation scheme for natural image is proposed. An image analysis module is used to classify pixels of the input image into non-oriented class and oriented class. The bilinear interpolation is used to interpolate the non-oriented regions and a neural network is proposed to interpolate the oriented regions. High-resolution digital images along with supervised learning algorithms can be used to automatically train the proposed neural network. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed new resolution enhancement algorithm can produce higher visual quality of the interpolated image than the conventional interpolation methods.

Pullen, A & Osborn, T 2002, 'What do You Want from Me? A Poststructuralist Feminist Reading of Middle Managers' Identities', Culture and Organization, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1-21.
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One of the first papers in the field to apply poststructural theory to management identities

Qiu, X, Li, X, Ai, Y & Hansen, CH 2002, 'A waveform synthesis algorithm for active control of transformer noise: implementation', Applied Acoustics, vol. 63, no. 5, pp. 467-479.
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Quang Ha, Santos, M, Quang Nguyen, Rye, D & Durrant-Whyte, H 2002, 'Robotic excavation in construction automation', IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 20-28.
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This article presents some results of the autonomous excavation project conducted at the Australian Centre for Field Robotics (ACFR) with a focus on construction automation. The application of robotic technology and computer control is one key to construction industry automation. Excavation automation is a multidisciplinary task, encompassing a broad area of research and development. The ultimate goal of the ACFR excavation project is to demonstrate fully autonomous execution of excavation tasks in common construction, such as loading a truck or digging a trench. A number of difficult theoretical and practical problems must be solved to achieve this objective. The problems fall into three main groups: excavation planning, sensing and estimation, and control

Raad, M, Ritz, C, Burnett, I & Mertins, A 2002, 'The analysis of speech codecs using psychoacoustic measures', Speech Coding, 2002, IEEE Workshop Proceedings., pp. 108-110.
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Ramirez, CD & Catchpoole, DR 2002, 'Etoposide-induced apoptosis in lymphoblastoid leukaemic MOLT-4 cells: Evidence that chromatin condensation, loss of phosphatidylserine asymmetry and apoptotic body formation can occur independently', APOPTOSIS, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 59-68.
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Apoptosis is characterised by a series of typical morphological features, such as nuclear and cellular convolution, chromatin condensation and the final disintegration of the cell into membrane-bound apoptotic bodies, which are phagocytosed, by neighbouring cells. Relocation of phosphatidylserine residues from the inner leaflet of the cellular membrane to being exposed on the cell surface is a necessary event for the phagocytic elimination of apoptotic cell debris. Using the MOLT-4 lymphoblastoid leukaemic cell line we investigated whether the formation of apoptotic bodies and loss of phosphatidylserine asymmetry were causally related. We have previously demonstrated that classical apoptotic morphology, including production of apoptotic bodies, was only possible in etoposide-treated MOLT-4 cells when administered in the presence of non-cytotoxic doses (200 μM) of aurin tricarboxylic acid (ATA). Electron microscopic analysis, followed by the quantitation of the ultrastructural morphological features of apoptotic MOLT-4 cells, demonstrated that the etoposide and ATA co-treatment, which caused the cellular fragmentation into apoptotic bodies, was closely associated with extensive chromatin condensation in individual cells. In this model however, the addition of ATA to frank cytotoxic doses of etoposide (50 μM), which we confirmed lead to formation of apoptotic bodies, caused no further increase in externalisation of phosphatidylserine moieties as determined by staining with fluorescence labelled annexin V. Consequently, in MOLT-4 cells undergoing etoposide-induced apoptosis, the molecular mechanisms leading to loss of phosphatidylserine asymmetry and the formation of apoptotic bodies are not causally related.

Rhodes, DP, Lancaster, GPT, Livesey, J, McGloin, D, Arlt, J & Dholakia, K 2002, 'Guiding a cold atomic beam along a co-propagating and oblique hollow light guide', Optics Communications, vol. 214, no. 1-6, pp. 247-254.
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Ritz, C & Burnett, IS 2002, 'Wideband Speech Coding at 4kbps Using Waveform Interpolation', Proceedings of 6th Intl. Symposium on DSP for Communication Systems, pp. 144-148.

Ritz, CH & Burnett, IS 2002, 'Waveform interpolation for 4 kbit∕s wideband speech coding', Electronics Letters, vol. 38, no. 10, pp. 486-486.
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Ritz, CH, Burnett, IS & Lukasiak, J 2002, 'Extending waveform interpolation to wideband speech coding', Speech Coding, 2002, IEEE Workshop Proceedings., pp. 32-34.
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Rivers, EP, Nguyen, HB, Huang, DT & Donnino, MW 2002, 'Critical care and emergency medicine', Current Opinion in Critical Care, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 600-606.
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The changing landscape of health care has resulted in an increase in the delivery of critical care in the emergency department. Although the emergency department duration is brief compared with the total length of hospitalization, physiologic determinants of outcome may be established before ICU admission. The care provided during the emergency department stay for critically ill patients has been shown to significantly impact the progression of organ failure and mortality. Despite these trends, formal critical care training for emergency physicians is limited. The need to maximize patient throughput in frequently overcrowded emergency departments hinders the provision of optimal care to the critically ill patient. Methodologies should be developed to examine the quality of patient care and objectively measure the impact of clinical interventions. The potential to improve outcome through educational initiatives and resource allocation should not be viewed as a burden of delivering a higher level of care in this setting but as a significant opportunity to effectively mitigate the socioeconomic consequences. © 2002 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.

Roughan, M, Erramilli, A & Veitch, D 2002, 'Performance estimation for short-lived TCP sources', IEEE International Workshop on Computer-Aided Modeling, Analysis and Design of Communication Links and Networks (9th: 2002: New York, USA).

Ruta, D & Gabrys, B 2002, 'A Theoretical Analysis of the Limits of Majority Voting Errors for Multiple Classifier Systems', Pattern Analysis and Applications, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 333-350.
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Satoh, H, Yoshida, N & Miyanaga, Y 2002, 'Analysis of fundamental property of 2D photonic crystal optical waveguide with various medium conditions by condensed node spatial network', Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part II: Electronics), vol. 85, no. 5, pp. 10-20.
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Schwarz, DS, Hutvágner, G, Haley, B & Zamore, PD 2002, 'Evidence that siRNAs Function as Guides, Not Primers, in the Drosophila and Human RNAi Pathways', Molecular Cell, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 537-548.
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In Drosophila, two features of small interfering RNA (siRNA) structure-5' phosphates and 3' hydroxyls are reported to be essential for RNA interference (RNAi). Here, we show that as in Drosophila, a 5' phosphate is required for siRNA function in human He

Seppelt, R & Voinov, A 2002, 'Optimization methodology for land use patterns using spatially explicit landscape models', Ecological Modelling, vol. 151, no. 2-3, pp. 125-142.
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Shannon, AG & Atanassov, KT 2002, 'Introduction to the difference calculus through the Fibonacci numbers', International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 456-465.
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This note explores ways in which the Fibonacci numbers can be used to introduce difference equations as a prelude to differential equations. The rationale is that the formal aspects of discrete mathematics can provide a concrete introduction to the mechanisms of solving difference and differential equations without the distractions of the analytic conditions. Later the continuous analogues can be studied without the distraction of the symbolic apparatus which, in its own right, can be viewed as a tool of thought. © 2002 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Shannon, AG & Horadam, AF 2002, 'Reflections on the lambda triangle', FIBONACCI QUARTERLY, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 405-416.

Shannon, AG & Ollerton, RL 2002, 'Combinatorial matrices and linear recursive sequences', FIBONACCI QUARTERLY, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 417-423.

Sharma, D 2002, 'Australian Electricity Reform: A Regulatory Quagmire', IAEE Newsletter, vol. 2nd, pp. 22-26.

Sheng, D & Smith, DW 2002, '2D Finite Element Analysis of Multicomponent Contaminant Transport Through Soils', International Journal of Geomechanics, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 113-134.
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This article presents a two-dimensional finite element method for the solution of the advection-dispersion transport equation for multicomponent contaminants. While the approach described is general, the analysis presented here is restricted to nonlinear, equilibrium-controlled sorption and exchange of soluble inorganic ions. The finite element method is based on a generalization of the onedimensional Transport-Equilibrium Petrov-Galerkin (TEPG) methods presented by Sheng and Smith [1]. In theTEPGmethods, the reaction term is treated as a part of the mass accumulation term. This is in contrast with common formulations where the reaction term is treated as a source term. The transport equation thus contains two unknowns, the aqueous concentration and the total analytical concentration. The solution strategy adopted is to solve the transport equations coupled with chemical equilibrium equations by sequential iteration. No assumption on the reaction term is required when solving the transport equation, which means the transport equation is always conservative. At the end of each time step, both the transport and chemical equilibrium equations are satisfied. To facilitate the solution of the transport equations that may be advection dominated, and optimal upwind weighting procedure and mid-point time stepping scheme are employed. A number of significant improvements are presented here beyond the TEPG methods presented by Sheng and Smith. These improvements included upwind weighting for a heterogeneous fluid velocity field, the solution of the chemical equilibrium equations for both adsorption and ion exchange, the introduction of an automatic time stepping scheme so as to maintain a predetermined accuracy, and the description of strategies to improve the efficiency of the numerical computations. The TEPG method described is used to analyse several problems with the Peclet number varying between zero and infinity. Both two-dimensional plane flow and axi-symmetric prob...

Sheng, D, Sloan, SW & Abbo, AJ 2002, 'An Automatic Newton‐Raphson Scheme', International Journal of Geomechanics, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 471-502.
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This article presents an automatic Newton-Raphson method for solving nonlinear finite element equations. It automatically subincrements a series of given coarse load increments so that the local load path error in the displacements is held below a prescribed threshold. The local error is measured by taking the difference between two iterative solutions obtained from the backward Euler method and the SS21 method. By computing both the displacement rates and the displacements this error estimate is obtained cheaply. The performance of the new automatic scheme is compared with the standard Newton-Raphson scheme, the modified Newton-Raphson scheme with line search, and two other automatic schemes that are based on explicit Euler methods. Through analyses of a wide variety of problems, it is shown that the automatic Newton-Raphson scheme is superior to the standard Newton-Raphson methods in terms of efficiency, robustness, and accuracy. © 2003 ASCE.

Shinq-Jen Wu & Chin-Teng Lin 2002, 'Discrete-time optimal fuzzy controller design: global concept approach', IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 21-38.
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Shinq-Jen Wu & Chin-Teng Lin 2002, 'Global optimal fuzzy tracker design based on local concept approach', IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 128-143.
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Shon, HK, Tian, D, Kwon, DY, Jin, CS, Lee, TJ & Chung, WJ 2002, 'Degradation of fat, oil, and grease (FOGs) by lipase-producing bacterium Pseudomonas sp. strain D2D3', Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 583-591.
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Biodegradation of fat, oil, and grease (FOGs) plays an important role in wastewater management and water pollution control. However, many industrial food-processing and food restaurants generate FOG-containing wastewaters for which there is no acceptable technology for their pretreatment. To solve these problems, this study evaluated the feasibility of effective FOG-degrading microorganisms on the biodegradation of olive oil and FOG-containing wastewater. Twenty-two strains capable of degrading FOGs were isolated from five FOG-contaminated sites for the evaluation of their FOG degradation capabilities. Among twenty-two strains tested, the lipase-producing Pseudomonas sp. strain D2D3 was selected for actual FOG wastewater treatment. Its biodegrability was performed at 30°C and pH 8. The extent of FOG removal efficiency was varied for each FOG tested, being the highest for olive oil and animal fat (94.5% and 94.4%), and the lowest for safflower oil (62%). The addition of organic nitrogen sources such as yeast extract, soytone, and peptone enhanced the removal efficiency of FOGs, but the addition of the inorganic nitrogen nutrients such as NH4Cl and (NH4)2SO4 did not increase. The KH2PO4 sources in 0.25% to 0.5% concentrations showed more than 90% degrability. As a result, the main pathway for the oxidation of fatty acids results in the removal of two carbon atoms as acetyl-CoA with each reaction sequence: β-oxidation. Its lipase activity showed 38.5 U/g DCW using the optimal media after 9 h. Real wastewater and FOGs were used for determining the removal efficiency by using Pseudomonas sp. strain D2D3 bioadditive. The degradation by Pseudomonas sp. strain D2D3 was 41% higher than that of the naturally occurring bacteria. This result indicated that the use of isolated Pseudomonas sp. strain D2D3 in a bioaugmentating grease trap or other processes might possibly be sufficient to acclimate biological processes for degrading FOGs.

Slavcheva, G, Arnold, JM, Wallace, I & Ziolkowski, RW 2002, 'Coupled Maxwell-pseudospin equations for investigation of self-induced transparency effects in a degenerate three-level quantum system in two dimensions: Finite-difference time-domain study', Physical Review A, vol. 66, no. 6.
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Sloan, SW, Abbo, AJ & Sheng, D 2002, 'Erratum: Refined explicit integration of elastoplastic models with automatic error control (Engineering Computations (2001) 18 1/2 (121-54))', Engineering Computations (Swansea, Wales), vol. 19, no. 5-6, p. 594.

Sloan, SW, Abbo, AJ & Sheng, D 2002, 'Refined explicit integration of elastoplastic models with automatic error control (vol 18, pg 121, 2001)', ENGINEERING COMPUTATIONS, vol. 19, no. 5-6, pp. 594-594.

Slunjski, M, Nguyen, H, Ballard, M, Eldridge, R, Morran, J, Drikas, M, O'Leary, B & Smith, P 2002, 'Miex^® - Good research commercialised', Water, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 42-51.
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The MIEX® DOC resin process, a brainchild of Australian water scientists and engineers, represents an exciting development in potable water treatment technology. It enables new 21st century water quality standards to be achieved with low capital and operating costs and as such has worldwide applications. The technology was the end result of a massive research and development effort over a number of years spanning areas of product and process development, testing and scale-up by a consortium consisting of teams from CSIRO Molecular Science, SA Water Corporation and Orica. This culminated in the first commercial applications of the technology by the SA Water Corporation at Mt Pleasant (South Australia) and the Water Corporation of WA at Wanneroo (Western Australia), which are outlined here in some detail. Under the overall coordination of Orica, each of the initial partners was very innovative in the concept development and how they went about fulfilling their roles of resin chemistry, application and process development and commercialisation. The Water Corporation's contribution occurred later and focused on the area of process scale-up and large scale plant design. This article provides a summary review of the reasons the parties became involved in the MIEX® project, their respective endeavours and plans for future.

Su, SW, Anderson, BDO & Brinsmead, TS 2002, 'Use of integrator in nonlinear H(infinity) design for disturbance rejection', AUTOMATICA, vol. 38, no. 11, pp. 1951-1957.
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The disturbance suppression problem for nonlinear systems is examined in this paper. We review the so-called nonstandard mixed sensitivity problem, which introduces an integrator to a selected weight, as well as the linear classical disturbance suppression problem and the linear H? disturbance suppression problem. We extend this H? problem to the nonlinear case, and present a method to reduce the order of the state feedback HamiltonJacobi (HJ) partial differential equation for this nonlinear H? problem by extending the concept of comprehensive stability (Proceedings of the 36th Conference on Decision and Control, 1997, p. 4653; IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. (1998) 488). Finally, we investigate the structure of the output feedback H? controller for disturbance suppression, and draw the conclusion that, as in the linear case, there must also be an integrator in the controller.

Su, X, Joshi, SK, Kardos, S & Gebhart, GF 2002, 'Sodium Channel Blocking Actions of the κ-Opioid Receptor Agonist U50,488 Contribute to Its Visceral Antinociceptive Effects', Journal of Neurophysiology, vol. 87, no. 3, pp. 1271-1279.
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The goal of the present study was to determine whether the κ-opioid receptor agonist (ORA) U50,488 attenuates behavioral and primary afferent nerve responses to noxious colorectal distension (CRD) by sodium channel blockade. We tested the analgesic κ-ORA (±)- trans U50,488, its enantiomers (−)- trans(1S,2S)-U50,488 and non κ-ORA (+)- trans (1R,2R)-U50,488, and/or its diastereomer (−)- cis (1S,2R)-U50,488 for their ability to attenuate visceromotor and pelvic nerve afferent fiber responses to noxious CRD in vivo and voltage-activated sodium current in colon sensory neurons in vitro. In unanesthetized rats, subcutaneous administration of U50,488, (1S,2S)-U50,488, and (1R,2R)-U50,488 attenuated the behavioral visceromotor response to noxious CRD; the rank order of potency was: (1S,2S)-U50,488 > U50,488 ≫ (1R,2R)-U50,488. U50,488 and its stereoisomers also inhibited responses of decentralized pelvic nerve afferent fibers to noxious CRD in a dose-dependent manner. Cumulative doses of 16 mg/kg of (1S,2S)-U50,488, (1S,2R)-U50,488, and (1R,2R)-U50,488 reduced responses to a mean 29, 30, and 47% of control, respectively. The mean inhibitory doses of these drugs were not different (range: 6.6–10.8 mg/kg). Sodium channel blockers mexiletine and carbamazepine mimicked the effect of U50,488. In contrast, the κ-ORAs dynorphin (1–13) and ICI 204,488 were ineffective in attenuating pelvic nerve activity. Perfusion of (1S,2S)-U50,488, (1S,2R)-U50,488, or (1R,2R)-U50,488 on colon sensory neurons in vitro decreased voltage-activated sodium currents. This inhibition by U50,488 and its stereoisomers was not opioid receptor–mediated because it could not be reversed by the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone and was also not a G protein–mediated effect. The results reported here suggest that the visceral antinociceptive effects of U50,488 and its stereoisomers are contributed to by their peripheral sodium channel blocking actions.

Su, Y, Zhang, J & Zhao, K 2002, 'Z x Z-graded Lie algebras generated by the Virasoro algebra and sl(2)', Mathematische Nachrichten, vol. 246-247, no. 1, pp. 188-201.
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Sun, XM, Zhang, SY, Feng, Y & Ying, MS 2002, 'Mathematical nature of and a family of lower bounds for the success probability of unambiguous discrimination', PHYSICAL REVIEW A, vol. 65, no. 4, pp. 1-3.
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Unambiguous discrimination is a strategy to the discrimination problem that identifies the state with certainty, leaving a possibility of undecidability. This paper points out that the optimal success probability of unambiguous discrimination is mathemat

Tereshko, V & Lee, T 2002, 'How Information-Mapping Patterns Determine Foraging Behaviour of a Honey Bee Colony', Open Systems & Information Dynamics, vol. 09, no. 02, pp. 181-193.
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We have developed a model of foraging behaviour of a honeybee colony based on reaction-diffusion equations and have studied how mapping the information about the explored environment to the hive determines this behaviour. The model utilizes two dominant components of colony's foraging behaviour — the recruitment to the located nectar sources and the abandonment of them. The recruitment is based upon positive feedback, i.e autocatalytic replication of information about the located source. If every potential forager in the hive, the onlooker, acquires information about all located sources, a common information niche is formed, which leads to the rapid selection of the most profitable nectar source. If the onlookers acquire information about some parts of the environment and slowly learn about the other parts, different information niches where individuals are associated mainly with a particular food source are formed, and the correspondent foraging trails coexist for longer periods. When selected nectar source becomes depleted, the foragers switch over to another, more profitable source. The faster the onlookers learn about the entire environment, the faster that switching occurs.

Thiruvenkatachari, R, Ngo, HH, Hagare, P, Vigneswaran, S & Aim, RB 2002, 'Flocculation—cross-flow microfiltration hybrid system for natural organic matter (NOM) removal using hematite as a flocculent', Desalination, vol. 147, no. 1-3, pp. 83-88.
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Tipper, JL, Hatton, A, Nevelos, JE, Ingham, E, Doyle, C, Streicher, R, Nevelos, AB & Fisher, J 2002, 'Alumina–alumina artificial hip joints. Part II: Characterisation of the wear debris from in vitro hip joint simulations', Biomaterials, vol. 23, no. 16, pp. 3441-3448.
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Törjék, O, Kiss, E, Mázikné Tokei, K, Hutvágner, G, Silhavy, D, Bánfalvi, Z, Kertész, Z, Pauk, J & Heszky, L 2002, 'Molecular homogeneity of conventional and doubled haploid wheat cultivars and their DH lines', Novenytermeles, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 7-20.
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A traditional cultivar (GK Góbé), a cultivar of doubled haploid (DH) origin (GK Délibáb), various DH lines of GK Góbé (first cycle DH lines) and DH lines of GK Délibáb (second cycle DH lines) were compared with PCR-bascd molecular techniques. High molecular weight DNA was isolated from randomly selected individuals of these groups and analysed by the RAPD, SSR, STS and AFLP methods. The objective of the analyses was to determine the existence or magnitude of the difference between cultivars produced by classical and haploid methods (populations are represented by the individuals of each group), and to find which marker system would be most suitable to investigate the homogeneity of DH populations. From the 30 RAPD primers tested, only 6 differentiated the two cultivars (GK Góbé and Délibáb). Individual polymorphism could not be observed. There were 8 fragments generated on 15 loci with 12 SSR and STS primers, which were suitable to differentiate the two cultivars. Individual polymorphisms could be detected within the cultivar GK Délibáb (cultivar of doubled haploid origin) with primer WMS186. In the AFLP analyses, 7 of 8 primer combinations were suitable to show differences, resulting in an average of 100-150 fragments. Eighty-one polymorphic fragments were obtained with these 7 primer combinations. Twenty-three of the 81 polymorphic bands (markers) could detect individual differences. Nine of them were suitable to distingiushc cultivar GK Góbé and its DH group. Based on AFLP fragments, the fewest individual polymorphisms were obtained within the DH group of GK Délibáb (second cycle DH lines). The genetic stability of doubled haploid lines of androgenic origin is the prerequisite of their breeding value. The productivity and adaptability of the new DH varieties were similar to the conventional cultivars in field trials. In the present investigation conventional and DH varieties were analysed and compared by different molecular (RAPD, SSR, STS and AFL) methods. No...

TULARAM, GA 2002, 'A Cylindrical Model of Pyrite Oxidation in Coastal Acidic Soils with Michaelis-Menten Uptake Kinetics', Environmental and Engineering Geoscience, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 329-334.
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Voinov, A 2002, 'Teaching and Learning Ecological Modeling over the Web: a Collaborative Approach', Conservation Ecology, vol. 6, no. 1.
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Wang, H, Lam, J, Xu, S & Huang, S 2002, 'Robust H ∞ reliable control for a class of uncertain neutral delay systems', International Journal of Systems Science, vol. 33, no. 7, pp. 611-622.
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This paper deals with the problem of robust reliable control for a class of uncertain neutral delay systems. The aim was to design a state feedback controller such that the plant remained stable for all admissible uncertainties as well as actuator faults among a prespecified subset of actuators or sector-type actuator non-linearity, independently of the delay time. A linear matrix inequality approach was developed to solve the problem addressed with an H [sub ?] norm bound constraint on disturbance attenuation.

Wang, P, Steven Pavletic, Z & Joshi, SS 2002, 'Increased Apoptosis in B-chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells as a Result of Cyclin D3 Down Regulation', Leukemia & Lymphoma, vol. 43, no. 9, pp. 1827-1835.
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White, SA, Nguyen, T & Fernald, RD 2002, 'Social regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone', Journal of Experimental Biology, vol. 205, no. 17, pp. 2567-2581.
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Behavioral interactions among social animals can regulate both reproductive behavior and fertility. A prime example of socially regulated reproduction occurs in the cichlid fish Haplochromis burtoni, in which interactions between males dynamically regulate gonadal function throughout life. This plasticity is mediated by the brain, where neurons that contain the key reproductive regulatory peptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) change size reversibly depending on male social status. To understand how behavior controls the brain, we manipulated the social system of these fish, quantified their behavior and then assessed neural and physiological changes in the reproductive and stress axes. GnRH gene expression was assessed using molecular probes specific for the three GnRH forms in the brain of H. burtoni. We found that perception of social opportunity to increase status by a male leads to heightened aggressiveness, to increased expression of only one of the three GnRH forms and to increases in size of GnRH-containing neurons and of the gonads. The biological changes characteristic of social ascent happen faster than changes following social descent. Interestingly, behavioral changes show the reverse pattern: aggressive behaviors emerge more slowly in ascending animals than they disappear in descending animals. Although the gonads and GnRH neurons undergo similar changes in female H. burtoni, regulation occurs via endogenous rather than exogenous social signals. Our data show that recognition of social signals by males alters stress levels, which may contribute to the alteration in GnRH gene expression in particular neurons essential for the animal to perform in its new social status.

Wijesoma, WS, Kodagoda, KRS & Teoh, EK 2002, 'Stable Fuzzy State Space Controller for Lateral Control of an AGV', The Journal of VLSI Signal Processing, vol. 32, no. 1/2, pp. 189-201.
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Willey, K 2002, 'Antenna selection to minimize pointing requirements', MICROWAVE JOURNAL, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 114-+.

Yamashita, E, Bird, TS, Zhenghe Feng, Bhat, B, Akaike, M, Jung-Woong Ra, Mook Seng Leong, Krairiksh, M & Song Tsueng Peng 2002, 'Microwaves in the asia-pacific region', IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 1046-1055.
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Yeoh, E-J, Ross, ME, Shurtleff, SA, Williams, WK, Patel, D, Mahfouz, R, Behm, FG, Raimondi, SC, Relling, MV, Patel, A, Cheng, C, Campana, D, Wilkins, D, Zhou, X, Li, J, Liu, H, Pui, C-H, Evans, WE, Naeve, C, Wong, L & Downing, JR 2002, 'Classification, subtype discovery, and prediction of outcome in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia by gene expression profiling', Cancer Cell, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 133-143.
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Treatment of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is based on the concept of tailoring the intensity of therapy to a patient's risk of relapse. To determine whether gene expression profiling could enhance risk assignment, we used oligonucleotide

Ying, MS 2002, 'A formal model of computing with words', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON FUZZY SYSTEMS, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 640-652.
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Classical automata are formal models of computing with values. Fuzzy automata are generalizations of classical automata where the knowledge about the system's next state is vague or uncertain. It is worth noting that like classical automata, fuzzy automa

Ying, MS 2002, 'Additive models of probabilistic processes', THEORETICAL COMPUTER SCIENCE, vol. 275, no. 1-2, pp. 481-519.
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We propose a new model of probabilistic processes. In this model, a probability is assigned to the action of a prefix and a probability distribution is assigned to the components of a parallel composition. In addition, the probability of a transition of

Ying, MS 2002, 'Bisimulation indexes and their applications', THEORETICAL COMPUTER SCIENCE, vol. 275, no. 1-2, pp. 1-68.
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Bisimulation expresses the equivalence of processes whose external actions are identical. Sometimes we may meet two processes which are not exactly bisimilar but more or less bisimilar in the sense that whenever a process makes an action the other can ma

Ying, MS 2002, 'Implication operators in fuzzy logic', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON FUZZY SYSTEMS, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 88-91.
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The choice of fuzzy implication as well as other connectives is an important problem in the theoretical development of fuzzy logic, and at the same time, it Is significant for the performance of the systems In which fuzzy logic technique is employed. The

Ying, MS 2002, 'Universal quantum-copying machines: a sufficient and necessary condition', PHYSICS LETTERS A, vol. 302, no. 1, pp. 1-7.
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It was shown that the copying quality of the Wootters-Zurek quantum copying machine depends on the input states. So Buzek and Hillery proposed the notion of universal copying machine. A universal machine is a quantum copier whose copying quality is indep

Ying, MS 2002, 'Wootters-Zurek quantum-copying machine: the higher-dimensional case', PHYSICS LETTERS A, vol. 299, no. 2-3, pp. 107-115.
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We examine Wootters-Zurek quantum-copying machine on a higher-dimensional state space and evaluate the index D-a of copying quality and three indexes D-ab((1)), D-ab((2)) and D-ab((3)) of entanglement of the output modes. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. A

Ying, MS & Wang, HQ 2002, 'Lattice-theoretic models of conjectures, hypotheses and consequences', ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, vol. 139, no. 2, pp. 253-267.
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Trillas, Cubillo and Castineira [Artificial Intelligence 117 (2000) 255-275] defined several interesting operators in orthocomplemented lattices. These operators give a quite general algebraic model for conjectures, consequences and hypotheses. We presen

Yu, Q & Hoang, DB 2002, 'An intelligent coherent approach to cooperation between TCP and ATM congestion control algorithms - Modeling and simulation analysis', SIMULATION-TRANSACTIONS OF THE SOCIETY FOR MODELING AND SIMULATION INTERNATIONAL, vol. 78, no. 4, pp. 258-267.
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The combination of transmission control protocol (TCP) and asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) to deliver transport services may incur significant performance penalties due to the interaction of congestion control algorithms of TCP and ATM. In this paper, the authors examine two control categories (explicit window adaptation [EWA] and ACK bucket control [ABC]) and their representative schemes. In particular, they propose the fair intelligent EWA scheme for EWA and the fair intelligent ABC scheme for ABC. The key idea is to combine the feedback information from the receiver, from the ATM network, and from the local information at edge device intelligently to explicitly/implicitly control the TCP rate. The authors present simulation results to show that their schemes can control the buffer occupancy at edge device efficiently and can carry the benefits of ABR end-to-end, resulting in significant improvement in throughput, fairness, packet loss rate, and end-to-end delay for TCP connections. Both schemes are transparent to TCP, requiring no modifications in the ATM networks except at the network edge device. Importantly, they allow TCP to be used with any underlying network, not just ATM, as long as the network is capable of providing explicit feedback information concerning the availability of bandwidth.

Yuehe Ge & Esselle, KP 2002, 'New closed-form Green's functions for microstrip structures - theory and results', IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 50, no. 6, pp. 1556-1560.
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Yunxin Li & Xiaojing Huang 2002, 'The simulation of independent Rayleigh faders', IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 50, no. 9, pp. 1503-1514.
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Zhang, G & Wu, Y 2002, 'Lattice-valued Zp-Pan-integrals III: Relationships of Pan-integral with Fuzzy Integral, N-integral Labesgue Integral', The Journal of Fuzzy mathematics, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 627-632.

Zhang, G, Wu, Y & Lu, J 2002, 'Lattice-valued Zp-Pan-integrals I: For lattice-valued Simple Functions on Lattice', The Journal of Fuzzy mathematics, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 213-226.

Zhang, G, Wu, Y & Lu, J 2002, 'Lattice-valued Zp-Pan-integrals II: For lattice-valued Borel functions on Lattice', The Journal of Fuzzy mathematics, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 503-511.

Zhang, J & Zhang, J 2002, 'On the representation of derivative algebras in characteristic $p \gt 0$', Illinois Journal of Mathematics, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 45-61.
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Zhang, SY & Ying, MS 2002, 'Set discrimination of quantum states', PHYSICAL REVIEW A, vol. 65, no. 6, pp. 1-5.
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We introduce a notion of set discrimination, which is an interesting extension of quantum state discrimination. A state is secretly chosen from a number of quantum states, which are partitioned into some disjoint sets. A set discrimination is required to

Zhang, X 2002, 'Prediction of short fatigue crack propagation behaviour by characterization of both plasticity and roughness induced crack closures', International Journal of Fatigue, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 529-536.
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Zhang, Z, Dai, M, Hong, H, Zhou, JL & Yu, G 2002, 'Dissolved insecticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in the Pearl River Estuary and South China Sea', Journal of Environmental Monitoring, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 922-928.
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Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as organochlorine (OCl) insecticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), together with the new generation of organophosphorus (OP) insecticides, are of global concern, due to their widespread occurrence, persistence, bioaccumulation and hormone disruption potential. This paper represents an attempt to study the source and transportation of such pollutants in estuarine and coastal environments as an integrated ecosystem, by determining the levels of 18 OCl insecticides, 21 PCB congeners, and 17 OP insecticides in the Pearl River Estuary and South China Sea. The total concentrations varied from 1261198 ng l-1 for OCl insecticides, 33.381064 ng l-1 for PCB congeners, and 4.446356 ng l-1 for OP insecticides in the Pearl River Estuary. In comparison, their levels in the South China Sea were significantly lower, varying from 57.09202 ng l-1 for OCl insecticides, 21.72144 ng l-1 for PCBs, and 1.27122 ng l-1 for OP insecticides, respectively. The predominance of ß-HCH in HCHs, and DDE in DDTs in all water samples was clearly observed, suggesting ß-HCH and DDE's resistance to further degradation. The PCBs were dominated by those with 36 chlorines. The distribution characteristic of OP insecticides shows that five compounds (methamidophos, dimethoate, malathion, dichlorvos and omethoate) accounted for 56% and 72% of the total OP insecticide concentration. The relationship between pollutant concentrations and salinity in the estuary showed that they were all removed during the mixing process, therefore behaving non-conservatively.

Zhang, Z, Hong, H, Zhou, JL, Yu, G, Chen, W & Wang, X 2002, 'Transport and fate of organochlorine pesticides in the River Wuchuan, Southeast China', Journal of Environmental Monitoring, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 435-441.
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Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as chlorinated pesticides are of global concern due to their widespread occurrence, persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity to animals and human. This paper summarises recent research on 18 chlorinated pesticides in an important catchment in China, by determining their concentrations and behaviour in water, sediment, soil and plants. The concentrations of the total pesticides were in the ranges 187893 ng l-1 in river water, 8.53210 ng g-1 dry weight in soil, 2.6613.45 ng g-1 dry weight in river sediment, and 6512823 ng g-1 dry weight in plants. The predominance of ß-HCH as the major isomer of HCHs in all water, soil, sediment and plant samples was clearly observed, due to ß-HCHs resistance to biodegradation. On average ß-HCH accounted for 44%, 53%, 50%, and 46% of the total HCH concentration in water, soil, sediment and plant, respectively. Of the DDTs, DDE accounted for 48%, 43%, 53%, 55% of the total DDT, which suggested that DDT had been transformed to its metabolites, DDE and DDD, of which DDE was the more stable. The chlorinated pesticide levels in the River Wuchuan were generally below the guideline values in China, but some sites displayed levels in excess of EC Environmental Quality Standards for HCHs and DDTs. The results therefore provide important information on the current contamination status of a key agricultural watershed in China, and point to the need for urgent actions to evaluate the long-term fate and toxicity of such persistent compounds and an appropriate remediation strategy.

Zhang, ZL, Hong, HS, Zhou, JL, Dai, MH, Maskaouib, K & Chen, WQ 2002, 'Contamination by organochlorine pesticides in the estuaries of southeast China', Chemical Research in Chinese Universities, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 153-160.
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Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as organochlorine pesticides are of global concern due to their widespread occurrence and persistence. This paper reports recent research studying the distribution and fate of organochlorine pesticides in the Jiulong River, the Minjiang River and the Pearl River estuaries in Southeast China. Eighteen organochlorine pesticides were extracted from water, pore water and sediment samples, followed by analysis by GC-ECD. The results showed that the contamination levels were similar in these three estuaries. The levels of the total organochlorine pesticides in porewater were significantly higher than those in surface water, due to the high affinity of these hydrophobic compounds for sediment phase. Among the hexachlorocy-clohexane (HCH) compounds, β-HCH was found to be the most important isomer. The analysis of 1, 1, 1-trichloro-2, 2-bis-chlorophyenyl-ethane (DDT) and its metabolites showed that 1, 1-dichloro-2 [o-chloropheny1]-2 [p-chlorophenyl]-ethylene (DDE) was dominant in the group.

ZHU, XQ & LAW, SS 2002, 'DYNAMIC LOAD ON CONTINUOUS MULTI-LANE BRIDGE DECK FROM MOVING VEHICLES', Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 251, no. 4, pp. 697-716.
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Zhu, XQ & Law, SS 2002, 'Moving Loads Identification Through Regularization', Journal of Engineering Mechanics, vol. 128, no. 9, pp. 989-1000.
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ZHU, XQ & LAW, SS 2002, 'PRACTICAL ASPECTS IN MOVING LOAD IDENTIFICATION', Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 258, no. 1, pp. 123-146.
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Several methods have been developed in recent years to identify moving loads on top of a continuous beam using measured vibration responses. The methods can identify the forces with some accuracy, but they have not been tested under field measurement conditions with a bridge-vehicle system. This paper discusses the weaknesses and merits of two methods when applied to a single-span bridge deck. The influence, on the moving load identification, of practical aspects such as measurement noise, sampling frequency, a small number of measured response modes, a small number of measuring points, road surface roughness and non-uniform velocity or braking of vehicle is studied in simulations and experiment. Results show that finite element approach with orthogonal function approximation of the responses give more accurate results, in general, than the exact solution approach for all the studies presented in this paper. The road surface roughness and a large variation in the speed are identified as the two main obstacles leading to erroneous results. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Abolhasan, M, Wysocki, T, Dutkiewicz, E, IEEE & IEEE 1970, 'Scalable routing strategy for dynamic zones-based MANETS', GLOBECOM'02: IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE RECORDS, GLOBECOM '02, IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 173-177.
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This paper presents a new routing strategy for mobile ad hoc networks, called dynamic zone-based topology routing protocol (DZTR). We introduce new strategies to maintain up-to-date intrazone and interzone topology information at each node. We also propose a GPS-based location tracking mechanism, which reduces route discovery area and the number of nodes queried to find the required destination. Our routing strategy has been designed to work with a dynamic zone, which contains a set of member nodes. Every node outside a zone is called a single-state node. We perform theoretical performance analysis, which shows that our network topology creation process has significantly fewer overheads than flooding approaches.

Aladjov, HT, Atanassov, KT, Shannon, AG, IEEE & IEEE 1970, 'Generalized net model of temporal learning algorithm for artificial neural networks', 2002 FIRST INTERNATIONAL IEEE SYMPOSIUM INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, VOL 1, PROCEEDINGS, pp. 190-193.
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© 2002 IEEE. This paper introduces a new learning algorithm based on the temporal history of the connection weights changes. The basic idea is to investigate the weight alternation frequencies in order to discriminate stable areas from unstable ones. Once determined stable areas can be replaced with topologically simpler neural structures. Unstable areas can be extended with additional neurons or can be functionally modified by changing activation and total input formation functions of the examined neurons.

Al-Jadir, L & Beydoun, G 1970, 'Using the F2OODBMS to support incremental knowledge acquisition', IDEAS 2002: INTERNATIONAL DATABASE ENGINEERING AND APPLICATIONS SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS, International Database Engineering and Applications Symposium, IEEE COMPUTER SOC, EDMONTON, CANADA, pp. 266-275.
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Ashton, BJ & Canning, J 1970, 'Two-point source grating writing methods', European Conference on Optical Communication, ECOC.
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A novel grating writing interferometer is demonstrated that is compact, stable, tuneable and introduces a new method of apodisation. It does not suffer from the inherent path length differences present in other techniques, making it amenable for low coherence sources and improves grating quality.

Balamash, A & Krunz, M 1970, 'A Parsimonious Multifractal Model for WWW Traffic', WEB ENGINEERING AND PEER TO PEER COMPUTING, International Workshop on Web Engineering/International Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Computing held Jointly with Networking 2002, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, PISA, ITALY, pp. 1-14.
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Balamash, A & Krunz, M 1970, 'Application of multifractals in the characterization of WWW traffic', IEEE International Conference on Communications, IEEE International Conference on Communications, IEEE, NEW YORK, NY, pp. 2395-2399.
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In this paper, we explore the viability of multifractal analysis in modeling the traffic generation process at a WWW server. In principle, a WWW traffic model can be used for generating representative WWW traces and in designing prefetching and cache replacement policies. Multifractal processes constitute a superset of monofractal (self-similar) processes. They are characterized by a time-dependent scaling law, which provides flexibility in describing irregularities that are localized in time. Riedi et al. presented a multifractal process that can be fitted to empirical time series with an arbitrary autocorrelation function (ACF) and with an approximately lognormal marginal distribution. We use this model to simultaneously capture the temporal and spatial localities of WWW traffic. Furthermore, the popularity profile is captured by construction using the LRU (least recently used) stack and the popularity profiles of each file in the real trace. We classify files into several classes according to their popularity profile and model the stack distance of each class separately. Trace-driven simulations are used to study the performance of our model and contrast it with a previously proposed model.

Beydoun, G 1970, 'An OO model for incremental hierarchical KA', KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING AND KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT, PROCEEDINGS, 13th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management (EKAW 2002), SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN, Siguenza, SPAIN, pp. 14-20.

Beydoun, G & Al-Jadir, L 1970, 'Implementing NRDR Using OO Database Management System (OODBMS).', PRICAI, Springer, pp. 602-603.
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2002. Motives for using a database management system (DBMS) to build a knowledge base system (KBS), include KBS’s lack of ability to manage large sets of rules, to control concurrent access and to manage multiple knowledge bases simultaneously. In work, we build a KBS using a database management system DBMS for its schema evolution ability. We use this ability of an Object Oriented DBMS (OODBMS) to manage the consistency of an incrementally built knowledge base (KB). The significance of this work is two folds: first, it provides an efficient mechanism maintaining consistency of an evolving classification hierarchy, using built-in schema evolution features of an OODBMS. Second, it enhances the interface of an OODBMS, to allow intelligent classification queries over stored objects.

Blumenstein, M 1970, 'Strategies for improving a Java-based, first year programming course', International Conference on Computers in Education, 2002. Proceedings., International Conference on Computers in Education, IEEE Comput. Soc, pp. 1095-1099.
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© 2002 IEEE. This paper describes the evolution of a first year Java course at Griffith University-Gold Coast since Semester 1, 2000 to the December 2002. The course was updated to emphasise program design and to implement and evaluate an "objects-as-needed" approach to first year programming. A number of strategies were tested to increase consistency amongst teaching staff, improve delivery of course resources, successfully cater to a wide variety of students and to enhance the learning experience in general. The success of the revised course has been measured by evaluating student feedback and performance. Currently, a focus group-based strategy of evaluation is being adopted to determine students' attitudes to the most recently implemented changes.

Brennan, J & Martin, E 1970, 'Foundations for a Formalism of Nearness', Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence (Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 71-82.
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Reasoning about your spatial environment can be a challenging task, especially when you are a robot trying to rely solely on quantitative measures. With nearness being such a vague concept, a qualitative representation is an obvious choice offering a wider range of possible values. This paper introduces a qualitative representation for spatial proximity that accounts for absolute binary nearness relations. The formalism is based on the notion of perceived points, called sites, in a point based universe. Proximity concepts are determined by the parameters of distance between two sites and weight of each of those sites. These parameters were drawn from the concept of Generalised Voronoi Diagrams. Cognitively useful models and interpretations of our formalism are shown in both a navigation and a natural language context.

Bryan, GM, Curry, JM, McGregor, C, Holdsworth, D & Sharply, R 1970, 'Using XML to facilitate information management across multiple local government agencies', Proceedings of the 35th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 35th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, IEEE Comput. Soc, pp. 1190-1199.
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The main barriers to the level of electronic data interchange required to seamlessly integrate services offered by legacy systems in an Internet environment are the need for applications to share a common data definition and the non-heterogeneity in database platforms. This paper details a collaborative research initiative between the Penrith City Council, Penrith Australia and the Centre for Advanced Systems Engineering (CASE) at the University of Western Sydney. It details the development of a fully functioning XML-based prototype system that provides effective integration of services offered by a collaborating group of legacy systems. The key contribution of this work is to provide an open systems based infrastructure that allows collaborating legacy systems, based on heterogeneous database and server platforms, to offer an integrated query service over the Internet.

Butler, Z, Fitch, R, Kotay, K & Rus, D 1970, 'Distributed systems of self-reconfiguring robots', ACM SIGGRAPH 2002 conference abstracts and applications, SIGGRAPH02: The 29th International Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, ACM, p. 69.
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A robot designed for a single purpose can perform a specific task very well, but it may perform poorly on a different task, or in a different environment. This is acceptable if the environment is structured; however, if the task is in an unknown environment, then a robot with the ability to change shape to suit the environment and the required functionality will be more likely to succeed. We wish to create more versatile robots by using self-reconfiguration: hundreds of small modules will autonomously organize and reorganize as geometric structures to best fit the terrain on which the robot has to move, the shape of the object the robot has to manipulate, or the sensing needs for the given task. For example, a robot could synthesize a snake shape to travel through a narrow tunnel, and then morph into a six-legged insect to navigate on rough terrain upon exit. Self-reconfiguring robots are well-suited for tasks in hazardous and remote environments, especially when the environmental model and the task specifications are uncertain. A collection of simple, modular robots endowed with self-reconfiguration capabilities can conform to the shape of the terrain for locomotion by implementing "water-flow" like locomotion gaits which allow the robots to move by conforming to the shape of the terrain. To create autonomous robot systems capable of such applications, our research agenda is focused on two directions of work: (1) new designs for modular robots that can support self-assembly and self-reconfiguration and (2) new distributed planners that support parallelism, are efficient, and correctly direct units to change shape.

Butler, Z, Fitch, R, Rus, D, IEEE & IEEE 1970, 'Experiments in distributed locomotion with a unit-compressible modular robot', 2002 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-3, PROCEEDINGS, IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2002), IEEE, LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND, pp. 2813-2818.

Butler, Z, Fitch, R, Rus, D, Wang, YH, IEEE, IEEE & IEEE 1970, 'Distributed goal recognition algorithms for modular robots', 2002 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS I-IV, PROCEEDINGS, 19th IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), IEEE, WASHINGTON, DC, pp. 110-116.

Cavalli, F, Cucchiara, R, Piccardi, M & Prati, A 1970, 'Performance analysis of MPEG-4 decoder and encoder', International Symposium on VIPromCom Video/Image Processing and Multimedia Communications, 4th EURASIP - IEEE Region 8 International Symposium on Video/Image Processing and Multimedia Communications, Croatian Soc. Electron. Marine, Zadar, Croatia, pp. 227-231.
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Cetindamar, D 1970, 'Innovation financing in developing countries', IEEE International Engineering Management Conference, 2002 IEEE International Engineering Management Conference, IEEE, St Johns Coll, Cambridge, ENGLAND, pp. 443-447.
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Chandran, D 1970, 'E-Business Initiatives, A comparative study', Proceedings of International Conference on e-business., International Conference on E Business, Beijing Institute of Technology Press, Beijing, China, pp. 52-58.

Choi, K & Ball, JE 1970, 'A Generic calibration approach: Monitoring the calibration', Proc. 2002 Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium, Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium, The Institution Engineers, Australia, Melbourne.

Choi, K-S & Ball, JE 1970, 'Investigation of Model Complexity and Structure on the Calibration Process', Global Solutions for Urban Drainage, Ninth International Conference on Urban Drainage (9ICUD), American Society of Civil Engineers, Portland, Oregon, USA, pp. 1-9.
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Inference models for estimation of the parameters necessary to implement the Stormwater Management Model (SWMM) were developed and implemented using the Centennial Park Catchment in Sydney, Australia as a test catchment. A number of alternative inference models were developed to assess the influence of inference model complexity and structure on the calibration of the catchment modelling system. These inference models varied from the assumption of a spatially invariant value (catchment average) to spatially variable with each subcatchment having its own unique values. Furthermore, the influence of different measures of deviation between the recorded information and simulation predictions were considered. Presented herein is the results of these investigations into the complexity and structure of models used in the calibration process.

Cucchiara, R, Prati, A & Piccardi, M 1970, 'Data-type dependent cache prefetching for MPEG applications', Conference Proceedings of the IEEE International Performance, Computing, and Communications Conference (Cat. No.02CH37326), 2002 IEEE International Performance, Computing, and Communications Conference, IEEE, Phoenix, USA, pp. 115-122.
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Damian, D, Zowghi, D, Vaidyanathasamy, L & Pal, Y 1970, 'An industrial experience in process improvement: an early assessment at the Australian Center for Unisys Software', Proceedings International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering, 2002 International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering, IEEE Comput. Soc, pp. 111-123.
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© 2002 IEEE. This paper describes an industrial experience in process improvement at one of the Unisys development labs in Australia. Following a Capability Maturity Model (CMM) mini-assessment, the organization is undertaking significant changes in the requirements management process, which include the introduction of group session approaches to requirements analysis and a structured method for writing requirements. An empirical evaluation of the process improvement indicates tangible benefits as well as perceived long-term benefits during design and testing. Findings suggest that a more thorough requirements analysis results in more clearly defined, better understood and specified requirements, and an enhanced ability to address the market needs and product strategy requirements. The catalyst behind these improvements includes project management leadership, managing the human dimension, collaboration among stakeholders and senior management support.

Damian, DE, Zowghi, D, SOCIETY, IC & SOCIETY, IC 1970, 'The impact of stakeholders' geographical distribution on managing requirements in a multi-site organization', IEEE JOINT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING, PROCEEDINGS, IEEE JOINT INTERNATIONAL Conference on Requirements Engineering, IEEE Computer Society, Essen, Germany, pp. 319-328.
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Dane, R, Watterson, PA, Holliday, B, Evans, C, Ramsden, VS, Ramaswamy, V & Hunter, G 1970, 'Marine Electric Hybrid Power Systems', Proceeding of the Pacific 2002 International Maritime Conference, Pacific 2002 International Maritime Conference, Institution of Engineers, Australia, Sydney, Australia, pp. 484-491.

Das, A, Kokubo, T, Furukawa, Y, Struyf, H, Vos, I, Sijmus, B, Iacopi, F, Van Aelst, J, Le, QT, Carbonell, L, Brongersma, S, Maenhoudt, M, Tokei, Z, Vervoort, I, Sleeckx, E, Stucchi, M, Schaekers, M, Boullart, W, Rosseel, E, Van Hove, M, Vanhaelemeersch, S, Shiota, A & Maex, K 1970, 'Characterisation and integration feasibility of JSR's low-k dielectric LKD-5109', MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING, European Workshop on Materials for Advanced Metallization, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, VAALS, NETHERLANDS, pp. 25-33.
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Denford, M, O'Neill, T, Leaney, J, SOCIETY, IC & SOCIETY, IC 1970, 'Architecture-based visualisation of computer based systems', NINTH ANNUAL IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP ON THE ENGINEERING OF COMPUTER-BASED SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS, IEEE International Conference and Workshop on the Engineering of Computer Based Systems, IEEE, Lund, Sweden, pp. 139-146.
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Architecture is a central concept in the engineering of computer based systems. Given a standard architectural representation, the architecture of systems can be discussed, drawn, reasoned about and classified. Complex architectures may benefit from visualisation. Currently, tools that visualise architectures do so in two-dimensions. Above and beyond visualising the form (or structure) of the architecture in three dimensions, other characteristics of the architecture (e.g. Modularity, Performance, Evolvability, and Openness) can be shown through the visualisation. This paper focuses on the "drawing" of architectures or what is referred to as Architectural Visualisation.

Diaz, G, Gay, V & Horlait, E 1970, 'An object-oriented information model for policy-based management of distributed applications', PROCEEDINGS OF THE IASTED INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS, INTERNET, AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, IASTED International Conference on Communications, Internet and Information Technology, ACTA PRESS, St Thomas, VI, pp. 7-12.

Dierkes, C, Kuhlmann, L, Kandasamy, J & Angelis, G 1970, 'Pollution Retention Capability and Maintenance of Permeable Pavements', Global Solutions for Urban Drainage, Ninth International Conference on Urban Drainage (9ICUD), American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 1-13.
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Permeable pavements of concrete paving-stones for rainwater infiltration are established as a sustainable method for the drainage of traffic areas and for pollutant source control. Various systems for different applications exist. Pollutants like heavy metals and hydrocarbons in the runoff can endanger soil and groundwater, when the they are not sufficiently removed during infiltration. Clogging and the decrease of infiltration capacity are problems that must be considered if permeable pavements are demanded to be used as an alternative to traditional drainage systems. In this study the pollution retention capacity of different permeable road constructions is assessed in the laboratory and in field investigations. A new cleaning device to recover the infiltration capacity was developed, that ensures a lifetime operation of the investigated pavements. With special designed concrete pavers a sufficient protection of soil and groundwater can be achieved. The use of permeable pavements is sustainable, if planning, construction supervision and maintenance are carded out according to the latest research results.

Ding, GK & Langston, C 1970, 'A methodology for assessing the sustainability of construction projects and facilities', Environmental & Economic Sustainability - Cost Engineering Down Under, 3rd World Congress on Cost Engineering, Project Management and Quantity Surveying ICEC, ICEC, Melbourne, pp. 1-20.
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There is a growing concern about the negative effects that construction projects have on the natural environment. The values of environmental goods and services are often not included or are under-estimated in the traditional market-based approach which has led to the overuse and depletion of environmental assets. As such, a new or improved methodology needs to be developed in order that a comprehensive assessment of environmental matters can be incorporated in the evaluation process. A questionnaire was prepared and a survey was undertaken to identify the major environmental effects related to the construction industry and key components to be considered in the decision process were identified. The key components are combined together to development a sustainability index which sets out to embrace environmental issues as part of the assessment tool. This paper presents the survey results and also outlines the development of a sustainability index for project appraisal.

DJAJAKESUKMA, SL, SAMALI, B & NGUYEN, H 1970, 'VIBRATION CONTROL OF A FIVE-STOREY MODEL WITH SEMI-ACTIVE STIFFNESS DAMPER', Applied Mechanics, Proceedings of the Third Australasian Congress on Applied Mechanics, WORLD SCIENTIFIC, Sydney, Australia, pp. 653-658.
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Duan, L-Y, Xu, M, Yu, X-D & Tian, Q 1970, 'A unified framework for semantic shot classification in sports videos', Proceedings of the tenth ACM international conference on Multimedia, MM02: ACM Multimedia 2002, ACM, pp. 419-420.
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In this demonstration, we present a unified framework for semantic shot classification in sports videos. Unlike previous approaches, which focus on clustering by aggregating shots with similar low-level features, the proposed scheme makes use of domain knowledge of specific sport to perform a top-down video shot classification, including identification of video shots classes for each sport, and supervised learning and classification of given sports video with low-level and middle-level features extracted from the sports video. It's observed that for each sport we can predefine a small number of semantic shot classes, 5-10, which cover 90 to 95 % of sports broadcasting video. With supervised learning method, we can map the low-level features to middle-level semantic video shot attributes such as dominant object motion (a player), camera motion patterns, and court shape, etc. On the basis of the appropriate fusion of those middle-level shot attributes, we classify video shots into the predefined video shot classes, each of which has a clear semantic meaning. The proposed method has been tested over 3 types of sports videos: tennis, basketball, and soccer. Good classification results ranging from 80-95% have been achieved. The proposed framework provides a generic solution for sports video semantic shot classification, which can be adapted to a new sport type easily. With correctly classified sports video shots further structural and temporal analysis will be greatly facilitated.

Dyson, LE 1970, 'Design for a Culturally Affirming Indigenous Computer Literacy Course', Winds of Change in the Sea of Learning, Annual Conference of the Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education, UNITEC Institute of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand, pp. 185-194.

Endo, M, Tipper, JL, Barton, DC, Stone, MH, Ingham, E & Fisher, J 1970, 'Comparison of wear, wear debris and functional biological activity of moderately crosslinked and non-crosslinked polyethylenes in hip prostheses', Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine, SAGE Publications, pp. 111-122.
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The wear, wear debris and functional biological activity of non-crosslinked and moderately crosslinked ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) acetabular cups have been compared when articulating against smooth and intentionally scratched femoral heads. Volumetric wear rates were determined in a hip joint simulator and the debris was isolated from the lubricant and characterized by the percentage number and volumetric concentration as a function of particle size. The volumetric concentration was integrated with the biological activity function determined from in vitro cell culture studies to predict an index of specific biological activity (SBA). The product of specific biological activity and volumetric wear rate was used to determine the index of functional biological activity (FBA). On smooth femoral heads the crosslinked UHMWPE had a 30 per cent lower wear rate, but it had a greater percentage volume of smaller, more biologically active particles, which resulted in a similar index of FBA compared with the non-crosslinked material. On the scratched femoral heads the volumetric wear rate was three times higher for the moderately crosslinked UHMWPE and two times higher for the non-crosslinked UHMWPE compared with the smooth femoral heads. This resulted in a higher wear rate for the moderately crosslinked material on the scratched femoral heads. All the differences in wear rate were statistically significant. There were only small differences in particle volume concentration distributions, and this resulted in similar indices of FBA which were approximately twice the values of those found on the smooth femoral heads. Both materials showed lower wear and FBA than for previously studied aged and oxidized UHMWPE gamma irradiated in air. However, this study did not reveal any advantage in terms of predicted FBA for moderately crosslinked UHMWPE compared with non-crosslinked UHMWPE.

Fun-Bin Duh & Chin-Teng Lin 1970, 'Radar tracking for a maneuvering target using neural fuzzy based Kalman filter', 2002 IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence. 2002 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems. FUZZ-IEEE'02. Proceedings (Cat. No.02CH37291), 2002 IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence. 2002 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems. FUZZ-IEEE'02, IEEE, HONOLULU, HI, pp. 1405-1409.
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Gabrys, B 1970, 'Agglomerative learning algorithms for general fuzzy min-max neural network', The Journal of VLSI Signal Processing, 10th IEEE Workshop on Neural Networks for Signal Processing (NNSP 2000), Springer Science and Business Media LLC, UNIV SYDNEY, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA, pp. 67-82.
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Gabrys, B 1970, 'Combining neuro-fuzzy classifiers for improved generalisation and reliability', Proceedings of the 2002 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks. IJCNN'02 (Cat. No.02CH37290), 2002 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), IEEE, HONOLULU, HI, pp. 2410-2415.
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Granet, C & Bird, TS 1970, 'Optimization of corrugated horn radiation patterns via a spline-profile', Antem 2002 - International Symposium on Antenna Technology and Applied Electromagnetics, Conference Proceedings.
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Corrugated horns are widely used as feeds for reflector antennas [1] or as direct radiators, as in global earth illumination from a satellite [2, 3] or as source antennas in an anechoic chamber. Shaping the radiation pattern of a corrugated horn is mainly done by shaping the profile [4-6] to the required aperture dimension, and to a lesser extent, for wideband applications, by using a mode-converter [7-9] tuned to the design frequency.

Gu Fang & Dissanayake, G 1970, 'Time-optimal feedback control of a non-holonomic vehicle using neural networks', 7th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision, 2002. ICARCV 2002., ICARV 2002: The Seventh International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision, Nanyang Technological Univ, pp. 1458-1463.
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This paper presents a minimum-time feedback controller for maneuvering a non-holonomic vehicle. A trajectory planning algorithm that generates minimum-time trajectories for moving a vehicle from an arbitrary starting location to the origin is presented. Trajectories generated are used to train a neural network that computes instantaneous velocity and steering commands as a function of the current vehicle state. The proposed strategy is illustrated by developing a neural network based controller for backing up a truck. Computer simulations are presented that demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed technique in the presence of disturbances.

Gunes, H, Piccardi, M & Jan, T 1970, 'Automated Classification of Female Facial Beauty Using Learning Algorithms', Proceedings of Image and Vision Computing New Zealand 2002, Image and Vision Computing Conference, 2002 Image and Vision Computing New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand, pp. 169-173.

Guo, XT & Lu, J 1970, 'E-service adoption in Australia government agencies', PROCEEDINGS OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON E-BUSINESS (ICEB2002), International Conference on e-Business, Beijing Institute of Technology Press, Beijing, China, pp. 103-107.

Guo, YG, Zhu, JG, Watterson, PA & Wu, W 1970, 'Comparative study of 3D flux electrical machines with soft magnetic composite cores', Conference Record of the 2002 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 37th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.02CH37344), 2002 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, IEEE, Pittsburgh, USA, pp. 1147-1154.
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Halkon, B & Rothberg, S 1970, 'Comprehensive velocity sensitivity model for scanning and tracking laser vibrometry', Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 20th IMAC Conference on Structural Dynamics, SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC, LOS ANGELES, CA, pp. 1166-1170.
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Recent work set out a comprehensive analysis of the velocity sensed by a single laser vibrometer beam incident in an arbitrary direction on a target that is of substantial interest in engineering - a rotating shaft requiring three translational and three rotational co-ordinates to describe its vibratory motion fully. Six separate 'vibration sets', each a combination of motion parameters, appeared in the full expression for vibration velocity sensitivity and the difficulties associated with resolving individual vibration components within a complex motion were highlighted. One specific way in which the model has been extended is the subject of this paper. The scanning laser Doppler vibrometer has become an increasingly popular instrument especially for experimental modal analysis. Continuously scanning strategies, in which the laser beam orientation is a continuous function of time, have received considerable attention. Researchers have reported use of several different types of scan profile including a tracking profile in which the probe laser beam remains fixed on a single point on a target such as a rotating disc. When the velocity sensitivity model was originally reported, it was stated that it could be used with such applications and this is shown explicitly, for the first time, in this paper.

Halkon, B & Rothberg, SJ 1970, '<title>A comprehensive velocity sensitivity model for scanning and tracking laser Doppler vibrometry on rotating structures</title>', SPIE Proceedings, Fifth International Conference on Vibration Measurements by Laser Techniques, SPIE, ANCONA, ITALY, pp. 9-21.
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Hawryszkiewycz, IT 1970, 'Enabling Virtual Enterprises: A Case for Multi-disciplinary Research', E-Commerce and Web Technologies, International Conference on Electronic Commerce and Web Technology, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, France, pp. 1-6.
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The paper begins by defining different kinds of virtual enterprises and the kinds of support needed to make them sustainable. The paper identifies three requirements must be satisfied. These are technology that supports interaction across distance, a favorable organizational culture and the desire to share knowledge. All must be present to result in sustainable virtual organizations. Thus participants in such organizations must be willing to share knowledge, be encouraged to do so by their work environment and have suitable services provided by technologies for this purpose. The paper concludes with some examples of research questions that need to be addressed.

He, S, Hintz, TB & Wu, Q 1970, 'An Overview of Object Recognition on the Spiral Architecture', Proceedings of International Conference on Imaging Science, Systems, and Technology (CISST2002), International Conference Imaging Science, Systems and Technology, CSREA, Las Vegas, pp. 14-20.

He, S, Hintz, TB & Wu, Q 1970, 'Neural Network Based Image Edge Detection Within Spiral Architecture', Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications, International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications, CSREA Press, Las Vegas, USA, pp. 21-27.

Henderson-Sellers, B, Zowghi, D, Klemola, T & Parasuram, S 1970, 'Sizing Use Cases: How To Create a Standard Metrical Approach', Object-Oriented Information Systems, 8th International Conference on Object-Oriented Information Systems, Springer-Verlag, Montpellier, France, pp. 82-94.

Henderson-Sellers, B, Zowghi, D, Klemola, T & Parasuram, S 1970, 'Sizing Use Cases: How to Create a Standard Metrical Approach', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 409-421.
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2002 Use-case modelling provides a means of specifying external features of a system during requirements elicitation. In principle, use cases can be used to size the system about to be built but, for that, a standard format for their documentation is required. Furthermore, gathering use-case metrics requires a software development process that produces complete use-case descriptions in a repeatable way. Here, we set out the requirements for such a standardization so that use cases can be metricated. Once accomplished, it is possible to evaluate the important research questions of whether use-case attributes such as size and complexity can be controlled and whether use-case metrics are sufficiently rigorous for estimating effort. Finally, we note that this added rigour applied to use cases should improve the consistency and quality of communication between client and developer, helping to ensure that the right system is built.

Hohn, N, Veitch, D & Abry, P 1970, 'Does fractal scaling at the IP level depend on TCP flow arrival processes?', Proceedings of the second ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Internet measurment - IMW '02, the second ACM SIGCOMM Workshop, ACM Press, ACM, pp. 63-68.
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Huang, S & Lam, J 1970, 'Control of uncertain bilinear systems using linear controllers: Stability region estimation and controller design', Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, IEEE, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, pp. 662-667.
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This paper studies the problem of stability region estimation and controller design for uncertain bilinear systems when linear controllers are used. Iterative linear matrix inequality (ILMI) algorithms are presented to estimate the closed-loop stability region and design the controllers. No tuning of parameters is needed in the design methods. The design aims to optimize between the size of the stability region, damping of the state variables, and the feedback gain.

Huang, W, Sloan, S & Sheng, D 1970, 'Hypoplastic analysis of cone penetration in sands', Numerical Models in Geomechanics - 8th Proceedings of the International Symposium on Numerical Models in Geomechanics, NUMOG 2002, Taylor & Francis, pp. 607-612.
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© 2002 Swets & Zeitlinger, Lisse. This paper presents a rigorous numerical analysis of deep cone penetration in sand using a hypoplastic model. A tensor-valued function, which depends on the stress state and void ratio, is used to describe stress changes in the soil for a wide range of pressure levels. With the capability to model finite deformation in the soil and large sliding on the soil-penetrometer interface, the penetration process is modelled realistically. The dependence of cone resistance on the pressure and density state in the sand is the focus of the study.

Huang, XJ & Li, YX 1970, 'Multicode interleaved DS-CDMA: A new high-speed multiuser communications system over frequency-selective fading channels', 6TH WORLD MULTICONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL XV, PROCEEDINGS, 6th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics (SCI 2002)/8th International Conference on Information Systems Analysis and Synthesis (ISAS 2002), INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS, ORLANDO, FL, pp. 504-509.

Huang, XJ & Li, YX 1970, 'The PAM decomposition of CPM signal with integer modulation index', 6TH WORLD MULTICONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL XV, PROCEEDINGS, 6th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics (SCI 2002)/8th International Conference on Information Systems Analysis and Synthesis (ISAS 2002), INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS, ORLANDO, FL, pp. 510-515.

Huynh, BP 1970, 'Coat Thickness in Wire-Coating Process With Corrugated Die', Materials: Processing, Characterization and Modeling of Novel Nano-Engineered and Surface Engineered Materials, ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, ASMEDC, pp. 19-32.
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Effects of die wall corrugation on coat thickness t in the wire-coating process are investigated numerically, using non-isothermal viscous fluids of a Newtonian type as coating material and a finite element method. Corrugation is assumed to be in the form of sine waves near die exit. It can be seen that shorter wavelength or larger wave amplitude depresses t, whereas higher Nahme-Griffith number Na increases it; however, the changes in t are only very small. t is also depressed slightly when die wall’s exit angle θ is large and negative; but in general it is insensitive to variation in θ when this is small. That t is only slightly affected by Na and θ is in stark contrast to extrudate’s swelling behaviour in simple extrusion through annular dies under comparable conditions. Furthermore, wire speed does not affect t over the ranges of Na value considered here. One interesting aspect relating to isothermal smooth-wall situation is that the ratio t/ΔR, ΔR being annular gap size, is nearly constant and equal to 0.5, independent of wire radius ratio Rwire/Rdie. This constancy is in contrast to the variation in coat thickness that results from a pure drag flow in the annulus.

Iacopi, F, Baklanov, MR, Sleeckx, E, Conrad, T, Bender, H, Meynen, H & Maex, K 1970, 'Properties of porous HSQ-based films capped by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition dielectric layers', JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B, A V S AMER INST PHYSICS, pp. 109-115.
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Iacopi, F, Zistl, C, Jehoul, C, Tokei, Z, Le, QT, Das, A, Sullivan, C, Prokopowicz, G, Gronbeck, D, Gallagher, M, Calvert, J & Maex, K 1970, 'Dependence of the minimal PVD TA(N) sealing thickness on the porosity of Zirkon (TM) LK dielectric films', MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING, European Workshop on Materials for Advanced Metallization, ELSEVIER, VAALS, NETHERLANDS, pp. 351-360.
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James, MR & Huang, S 1970, 'L^∞-bounded robust control for nonlinear discrete time systems', Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, pp. 3748-3753.
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In this paper we solve a measurement feedback disturbance rejection robust control problem for nonlinear systems based on a l∞ criterion. Information state techniques are employed to obtain necessary and sufficient conditions, and a controller synthesis procedure. The results are consistent with the separation structure in Shamma-Tu (1999).

James, MR & Shoudong Huang 1970, 'l/sup ∞/-bounded robust control for nonlinear discrete time systems', Proceedings of the 41st IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 2002., IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, IEEE, LAS VEGAS, NV, pp. 3748-3753.
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Jan, T, Krishna, A, Piccardi, M & Hintz, TB 1970, 'Effective Surveillance Image Analysis Using Combination of Linear Regression Model and Modified Probabilistic Neural Networks', Proceedings of Image and Vision Computing New Zealand 2002, Image and Vision Computing Conference, 2002 Image and Vision Computing New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand, pp. 19-22.

Jan, T, Piccardi, M & Hintz, TB 1970, 'Detection of Suspicious Pedestrian Behaviour Using Modified Probabilistic Neural Networks', Proceedings of Image and Vision Computing New Zealand 2002, Image and Vision Computing Conference, 2002 Image and Vision Computing New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand, pp. 237-241.

Jianlong Zhou, Hinz, M & Tonnies, KD 1970, 'Focal region-guided feature-based volume rendering', Proceedings. First International Symposium on 3D Data Processing Visualization and Transmission, First International Symposium on 3D Data Processing Visualization and Transmission, IEEE Comput. Soc, PADUA, ITALY, pp. 87-90.
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Jin, ZM, Medley, JB, Dowson, D, Hooke, CJ, Smith, SL, Booker, JF, Ikeuchi, K, Morita, Y, Nakat, K, Kim, YH, Sekino, T, Niihara, K, Spencer, N, Paré, P, Sawae, Y, Murakami, T, Sawano, T, Noda, I, Shimotoso, T, Chan, FW, Young, S, Stewart, TD, Williams, S, Tipper, JL, Ingham, E, Stone, MH & Fisher, J 1970, 'Session VII bio-tribology (1) - Hip and knee joints', Tribology Series, pp. 874-879.

Kandasamy, J & Beecham, S 1970, 'Experience of Flood Modeling in NSW, Australia', Global Solutions for Urban Drainage, Ninth International Conference on Urban Drainage (9ICUD), American Society of Civil Engineers, pp. 1-11.
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The average annual cost of flooding in Australia is $AUD314 million per year (BTE 2001). Flooding most severely affects the state of New South Wales (NSW) where 40% of the nation's flood damage occurs. The NSW Floodplain Management Program implements the NSW State Government's flood policy and seeks to ensure that the flood damages to existing developments are reduced, that future development occurs in a manner compatible with the flood risk and that the management of major rare floods (eg levee overtopping) is addressed in emergency response planning. Central to the process of defining the flood risk is numerical modelling and many flood studies have been carried out throughout New South Wales under the floodplain management program in the last 20 years. Five cases that demonstrate the more recent experience gained from some of the studies are presented in this paper.

Kendall, R & Braun, RM 1970, 'Digital Communication Filter Design by Stochastic Optimization', WARS02 Workshop on the Applications of Radio Science, NCRS, Leura, NSW Australia.

Kodagoda, KRS, Wijesoma, WS & Balasuriya, AP 1970, 'Road curb and intersection detection using A 2D LMS', IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IEEE, Switzerland, pp. 19-24.
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In most urban roads, and similar environments such as in theme parks, campus sites, industrial estates, science parks and the like, the painted lane markings that exist may not be easily discernible by CCD cameras due to poor lighting, bad weather conditions, and inadequate maintenance. An important feature of roads in such environments is the existence of pavements or curbs on either side defining the road boundaries. These curbs, which are mostly parallel to the road, can be hardnessed to extract useful features of the road for implementing autonomous navigation or driver assistance systems. However, extraction of the curb or road edge feature using vision image data is a very formidable task as the curb is not conspicuous in the vision image. To extract the curb using vision data requires extensive image processing, heuristics and very favorable ambient lighting. In our approach, road curbs are extracted speedily using range data provided by a 2D Laser range Measurement System (LMS). Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the viability, and effectiveness, of the proposed methodology and its robustness to different road configurations including road intersections.

Kodagoda, KRS, Wijesoma, WS & Balasuriya, AP 1970, 'Road feature extraction using a 2D LMS', 7th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision, 2002. ICARCV 2002., ICARV 2002: The Seventh International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision, Nanyang Technological Univ, Singapore, pp. 453-458.
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In most urban roads, and similar environments such as in the theme parks, campus sites, industrial estates, science parks and the like, the painted lane markings that exist may not be easily discernible by CCD cameras due to poor lighting, bad weather conditions and inadequate maintenance. An important feature of roads in such environments is the existence of pavements or curbs on either side defining the road boundaries. These curbs, which are mostly parallel to the road, can be harnessed to extract useful features of the road for implementing autonomous navigation or driver assistance systems. However, extraction of the curb or road edge feature using vision image data is a difficult task as curbs are not conspicuous in the vision image. To extract the curb from a camera image requires extensive image processing, heuristics and very favorable lighting. In our approach, road curbs are extracted speedily using range data provided by a 2D laser measurement system (LMS). Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the viability, and effectiveness, of the proposed methodology and its robustness to different obstacle, weather and lighting conditions.

Kokubo, T, Das, A, Furukawa, Y, Vos, I, Iacopi, F, Struyf, H, Aelst, JV, Maenhoudt, M, Tokei, Z, Vervoort, I, Bender, H, Stucchi, M, Schaekers, M, Boullart, W, Van Hove, M, Vanhaelemeersch, S, Peterson, W, Shiota, A, Maex, K, IEEE & IEEE 1970, 'Cu/LKD-5109 damascene integration demonstration using FF-02 low-k spin-on hard-mask and embedded etch-stop', PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2002 INTERNATIONAL INTERCONNECT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, 5th Annual International Interconnect Technology Conference (IITC), IEEE, BURLINGAME, CA, pp. 51-53.
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Korkmaz, T & Krunz, M 1970, 'Hybrid flooding and tree-based broadcasting for reliable and efficient link-state dissemination', Conference Record / IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 02), IEEE, TAIPEI, TAIWAN, pp. 2400-2404.
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Current link-state routing protocols (e.g., OSPF) use flooding to disseminate link-state information throughout the network. Despite its simplicity and reliability, flooding incurs unnecessary communications overhead since nodes may receive multiple copies of the same advertisement. This extra overhead becomes an issue in the context of quality-of-service (QoS) routing, where link state is dynamic and needs to be advertised frequently. The advertisement overhead can be significantly reduced by using tree-based broadcasting approaches. Although several of these approaches have been proposed in the literature, they are not used in practice because of their complexity and/or unreliability. We propose a new link-state dissemination approach that combines the best features of flooding and tree-based broadcasting. Our hybrid approach is particularly suited for 'dynamic' link metrics (e.g., available bandwidth). It uses periodic flooding to advertise topology changes and first-time LSAs (link-state advertisements), and uses tree-based broadcasting to disseminate subsequent refresh LSAs. The broadcast trees in our approach are constructed dynamically during the flooding of the first LSA, without the need for the complex algorithms of previous tree-based approaches. Two versions of our dissemination approach are presented, with one being more suitable for networks with frequent topological changes. We prove the correctness of our approach and contrast its communications overhead with flooding and pure tree-based broadcasting. The results indicate that our hybrid approach has a significantly lower overhead than flooding; yet it enjoys the simplicity, reliability, and fast convergence of flooding. Finally, we outline how OSPF can be extended to support the proposed dissemination approach.

Krunz, M & Muqattash, A 1970, 'A power control scheme for MANETs with improved throughput and energy consumption', The 5th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications, 5th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications, IEEE, HONOLULU, HI, pp. 771-775.
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Lal, S & Craig, AR 1970, 'Fatigue neurophysiology in professional and non-professional drivers', 2002 Road Safety Research, Policing and Education Conference, 2002 Road Safety Research, Policing and Education Conference, Pelvin & Association Pty Ltd, Adelaide, Australia, pp. 125-129.

Lal, S & Craig, AR 1970, 'Influence of physiological factors of driver fatigue: towards education of drivers for fatigue management', Developing Safer Drivers and Riders, Developing Safer Drivers and Riders, Australian College of Road Safety, Brisbane, Australia, pp. 25-32.

Lam, HK, Leung, KF, Ling, SH, Leung, FHF, Tam, PKS, IEEE & IEEE 1970, 'On interpretation of graffiti digits and commands for eBooks: Neural fuzzy network and genetic algorithm approach', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS, VOL 1 & 2, IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, IEEE, HONOLULU, HI, pp. 443-448.

Lam, HK, Ling, SH, Leung, FHF, Tam, PKS, Lee, YS, IEEE & IEEE 1970, 'Gain estimation for an AC power line data network transmitter using a self-structured neural network and genetic algorithm', IECON-2002: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 28TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS SOCIETY, VOLS 1-4, 28th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial-Electronics-Society, IEEE, SEVILLE, SPAIN, pp. 1926-1929.

Lam, HK, Ling, SH, Leung, FHF, Tam, PKS, Lee, YS, IEEE & IEEE 1970, 'Playing Tic-tac-toe using a modified neural network and an improved genetic algorithm', IECON-2002: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 28TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS SOCIETY, VOLS 1-4, 28th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial-Electronics-Society, IEEE, SEVILLE, SPAIN, pp. 1984-1989.

Lavian, T, Wang, P, Travostino, F, Subramanian, S, Duraraj, R, Doan Hoang, Sethaput, V & Culler, D 1970, 'Enabling active flow manipulation in silicon-based network forwarding engines', Proceedings DARPA Active Networks Conference and Exposition, DARPA Active Networks Conference and Exposition, IEEE Comput. Soc, San Francisco, USA, pp. 65-76.
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Leaney, J, Rowe, D & O'Neill, T 1970, 'Issues in the construction of new measures within the discipline of open systems', Ninth Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference, 2002., Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference, IEEE Comput. Soc, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia, pp. 527-536.
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Formalising a measurement is often preceded by rich discussion of the ideas, and the development of general understanding of the meaning of concepts, often over decades. As a consequence, data required to fit into a representational measurement system is usually readily available and there is a general acceptance of the intention of the measure. This paper reports on a research project which has formalised the measurement of a relatively new body of knowledge, open systems. Open systems rely on standards to guarantee interoperability, portability, scalability and user portability. The Internet is the most successful of the open systems in existence, in terms of interoperability and scalability. The first of four issues was that since the project was a research contract, and because there were very few generally understood notions of measurement foundations (or relations) within open systems, the aims and the requirements of the measurement were formalised into a measurement requirements specification (MRS). A second issue concerns the building of a relational model. Building relations in a representational measurement model is relatively straightforward in the case where the measurement entity has been around. A third issue concerned the use of the measures when the measures were (not surprisingly) complex, and had to be combined by biased combiners, the values of which not all parties would naturally agree. A fourth issue raised in the paper is the extent of the validation of the measures which was required because of the contract.

LI, J & SAMALI, B 1970, 'VARIABLE STRUCTURE CONTROL OF SEISMICALLY EXCITED STRUCTURE WITH SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY ACTUATORS', Applied Mechanics, Proceedings of the Third Australasian Congress on Applied Mechanics, WORLD SCIENTIFIC, Sydney, Australia, pp. 665-670.
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Li, J & Wong, L 1970, 'Geography of Di.erences between Two Classes of Data', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 325-337.
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Easily comprehensible ways of capturing main differences between two classes of data are investigated in this paper. In addition to examining individual differences, we also consider their neighbourhood. The new concepts are applied to three gene expression datasets to discover diagnostic gene groups. Based on the idea of prediction by collective likelihoods (PCL), a new method is proposed to classify testing samples. Its performance is competitive to several state-of-the-art algorithms. © 2002 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Li, J, Djajakesukma, S, Samali, B & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Modeling and Identificaion of MR Damper for Semi-Active Control Devices', The 6th International Conference on Motion and Vibration Control MOVIC 2002, MOVIC, Japan.

Li, J, Samali, B & Chapman, C 1970, 'Experimental realisation of active control of a five storey building model using SMA actuators', Advances in Mechanics of Structures and Materials, The 17th Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, A.A. Balkema Publishers, Gold Coast, Australia, pp. 699-704.

Li, JC, Samali, B & Ha, G 1970, 'FUZZY SLIDING MODE CONTROL OF A FIVE STOREY BENCHMARK MODEL EQUIPPED WITH ACTIVE MASS DRIVER (AMD)', The Proceedings of the International Conference on Motion and Vibration Control, International Conference on Motion and Vibration Control, Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Saitama Japan, pp. 172-177.
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Li, L, Paganini, F, ACC & ACC 1970, 'LMI approach to structured model reduction via coprime factorizations', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6, IEEE, Anchorage, Alaska, USA, pp. 1174-1179.
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We discuss dynamic model reduction methods which preserve a certain structure in the underlying system. Specifically, we consider the situation where the reduction must be consistent with a partition of the system states. This is motivated by, for instance, situations where state variables are associated with the topology of a networked system, and the reduction should preserve this. We build on the observation that imposing block structure to generalized controllability and observability gramians automatically yields such state partitioned model reduction. The difficulty lies in ensuring feasibility of the resulting Lyapunov inequalities, which is in general very restrictive. To overcome this, we consider coprime factor model reduction. We derive an LMI characterization of expansive coprime factorizations that preserve structure, and use this to build a more flexible method for structured model reduction. An example is given to illustrate the method.

Lin, C-T, Liu, D-J, Wu, R-C & Wu, G-D 1970, 'Noisy Speech Segmentation/Enhancement with Multiband Analysis and Neural Fuzzy Networks', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 301-309.
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2002. Background noise added to speech can decrease the performance of speech segmentation and enhancement. To solve this problem, new methods have been developed in this thesis. First, a new speech segmentation method (ATF-based SONFIN algorithm) is proposed in fixed noise-level environment. This method contains the multiband analysis and a neural fuzzy network, and it achieves higher recognition rate than the TF-based robust algorithm by 5%. In addition, a new speech segmentation method called RTF-based RSONFIN algorithm is proposed for variable noise-level environment. The RTF-based RSONFIN algorithm contains a recurrent neural fuzzy network. This method contains the multiband analysis and achieve higher recognition rate than the TF-based robust algorithm by 12%.

Lin, Q, Jia, W & Yang, X 1970, 'A Method for Mining Data of Sequential Images--Rebuilding of Gray (Position)~time Function on Arbitrary Direction Lines', Proceedings of 2002 International Conference on Imaging Science, Systems, and Technology (CISST02), International Conference Imaging Science, Systems and Technology, CSREA Press, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, pp. 3-6.

Ling, SH, Lam, HK, Leung, FHF, Tam, PKS, IEEE & IEEE 1970, 'A novel GA-based neural network for short-term load forecasting', PROCEEDING OF THE 2002 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS, VOLS 1-3, International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 02), IEEE, HONOLULU, HI, pp. 2761-2766.
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Ling, SH, Lam, HK, Leung, FHF, Tam, PKS, IEEE & IEEE 1970, 'Learning of neural network parameters using a fuzzy genetic algorithm', CEC'02: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 CONGRESS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION, VOLS 1 AND 2, IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence (WCCI2002), IEEE, HONOLULU, HI, pp. 1928-1933.

Ling, SH, Leung, FHF, Lam, HK, Tam, PKS, IEEE & IEEE 1970, 'Short-term daily load forecasting in an intelligent home with GA-based neural network', PROCEEDING OF THE 2002 INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS, VOLS 1-3, International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 02), IEEE, HONOLULU, HI, pp. 997-1001.
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Ling-Yu, D, Xiao-Dong, Y, Xu, M & Tian, Q 1970, 'Foreground Segmentation Using Motion Vectors in Sports Video', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 751-758.
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In this paper, we present an effective algorithm for foreground objects segmentation for sports video. This algorithm consists of three steps: low-level features extraction, camera motion estimate, and foreground object extraction. We employ a robust M-estimator to motion vectors fields to estimate global camera motion parameters based on a four-parameter camera motion model, followed by outliers analysis using robust weights instead of the residuals to extract foreground objects. Based on the fact that foreground objects’ motion patterns are independent of the global motion model caused by camera motions such as pan, tilt, and zooming, we considers those macro-blocks as foreground, which corresponds to the outliers blocks during robust regression procedure. Experiments showed that the proposed algorithm can robustly extract foreground objects like tennis players and estimate camera motion parameters. Based on these results, high-level semantic video indexing such as event detection and sports video structure analysis can be greatly facilitated. Furthermore, basing the algorithm on compressed domain features can achieve great saving in computation. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2002.

Liu, D, Zhang, N, Brown, TA & Tam, C 1970, 'A Multilevel Hybrid Genetic Algorithm For Structural Control System Optimization', Proc. of the 6th Int. Conference on Motion and Vibration Control, International Conference on Motion and Vibration Control, JSME, Saitama, Japan, pp. 154-159.

Lu, J & Zhang, GQ 1970, 'Which factors are affecting E-service benefit - A research framework', PROCEEDINGS OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON E-BUSINESS (ICEB2002), International Conference on e-Business, Beijing Institute of Technology Press, Beijing, China, pp. 128-135.

Madhavan, R, Durrant-Whyte, H, Dissanayake, G, IEEE, IEEE & IEEE 1970, 'Natural landmark-based autonomous navigation using curvature scale space', 2002 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS I-IV, PROCEEDINGS, IEEE International Conference on Robots and Automation, Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Washington DC,USA, pp. 3936-3941.
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The paper describes a terrain-aided navigation system that employs points of maximum curvature extracted from laser scan data as primary landmarks. A scale space method is used to extract points of maximum curvature from laser range scans of unmodified outdoor environments. This information is then fused with odometric information to provide localization information for an outdoor vehicle. The method described is invariant to the size and orientation of the range images under consideration (with respect to rotation and translation), is robust to noise, and can reliably detect and localize naturally occurring landmarks in the operating environment. The algorithm is demonstrated in the application of a road vehicle in an unmodified operating domain.

Mahadevan, V, Braun, RM & Kadi, A 1970, 'A Perception of Next Generation E-Learning in Australia', Proceedings of E-Learn 2002, E-Learn 2002, Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education, Montreal, Canada, pp. 1835-1838.

Martinez-Coll, AA, Nguyen, HT, Zielinski, R, Huang, YF, Plekhanov, S & Hunyor, SN 1970, 'Time-varying stroke volume using sonomicrometry with direct cardiac compression (DCC)', Proceedings of the Second Joint 24th Annual Conference and the Annual Fall Meeting of the Biomedical Engineering Society] [Engineering in Medicine and Biology, Second Joint EMBS-BMES Conference 2002 24th Annual International Conference of the Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Fall Meeting of the Biomedical Engineering Society, IEEE, Houston, Texas, USA, pp. 1567-1568.
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Implantable direct cardiac compression (DCC) systems such as our Heart Patch Pump can assist the failing heart without the risk of blood contact. To provide realtime, accurate support of pumping function, these devices need to assess hemodynamic variables such as cardiac output. For the Heart Patch Pump, we have based our control algorithm on time-varying stroke volume (SV(t)) estimates using sonomicrometer crystals placed in the heart. Multilinear regression was performed on 28 dimensions, during six different cardiac states. Then, six principal dimensions were identified as those with the greatest change during contraction. A strong correlation was maintained in all cardiac states when only the principal dimensions were used.

McGregor, C & Curry, J 1970, 'XML: implications and applications', Proceedings of the 35th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 35th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, IEEE Comput. Soc, p. 1543.
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McGregor, C & Kumaran, S 1970, 'An agent-based system for trading partner management in B2B e-commerce', Proceedings Twelfth International Workshop on Research Issues in Data Engineering: Engineering E-Commerce/E-Business Systems RIDE-2EC 2002, Twelfth International Workshop on Research Issues in Data Engineering: Engineering E-Commerce/E-Business Systems RIDE-2EC 2002, IEEE Comput. Soc, San Jose, USA, pp. 84-89.
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Organizations invest in B2B and workflow management systems to enable seamless integration of multiple transaction systems that support their business processes. However, knowledge of the organization's performance becomes buried within internal processing of the B2B workflow platform. This research introduces a framework that analyses workflow audit logs, utilizing DSS principles together with agent technologies, to feedback the organization's performance measures. We apply this framework to a private trading exchange case study where suppliers participate in an interorganizational order fulfillment workflow. Agents refine the organization's knowledge of supplier productivity and commitment as they learn from interactions over time with trading partners

McGregor, C & Kumaran, S 1970, 'Business process monitoring using web services in B2B e-commerce', Proceedings 16th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium, Proceedings 16th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium. IPDPS 2002, IEEE, p. 219.
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Organisations are re-engineering their B2B communications to be performed through web services. Their aim is to create modularised services that support the business processes within their organisation and also those external entities that participate in these same business processes. This improvement is at the expense of the organisation's knowledge of its performance, as this knowledge will become buried within the internal processing of the web service platform. This research introduces an approach to reclaim and improve this knowledge for the organisation by establishing a framework that enables the definition of web services, together with the logging and analysis of the enactment of web services. This framework utilises web service concepts, DSS principles, and agent technologies, to enable feedback on the organisation's performance measures through the analysis of the web services. We apply this framework to a specific case study where suppliers participate in an inter-organisational workflow via a Private Exchange in the context of order fulfilment. A key benefit of this work is that the data is stored once but provides information both to the organisation acting as the customer and the organisation acting as the supplier. It therefore removes the need for development of internal performance monitoring tools to monitor web services performance.

McGregor, C, Bryan, G, Curry, J & Tracy, M 1970, 'The e-Baby data warehouse: a case study', Proceedings of the 35th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 35th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, IEEE Comput. Soc, pp. 3018-3024.
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Neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) require equipment and facilities to assist and monitor premature (and some full-term) babies. This equipment outputs physiological and clinical data, but current research does not provide doctors with techniques for capturing this data in a format that is suitable for analysis and research. Additionally, regional hospitals provide limited NICU support, but, without access to a neonatologist, the baby must be moved to another hospital. This paper details a framework for clinical and physiological data capture, the storage structures within the e-Baby data warehouse, and information access through a secure intranet/Internet browser. The key contribution of this work is the infrastructure that provides a platform for patient information data capture, storage, display and analysis. A key benefit of this work is to provide a mechanism for neonatologists to receive information directly from a regional hospital, thereby preventing, in some cases, the immediate need to move the baby.

Mingjun Lan, Shui Yu, Bacher, R & Wanlei Zhou 1970, 'A Co-Recommendation Algorithm for Web searching', Fifth International Conference on Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing, 2002. Proceedings., Fifth International Conference on Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing, IEEE Comput. Soc, BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 479-482.
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Min-Hsiu Hsieh & Kwang-Cheng Chen 1970, 'A novel channel interference identification', Vehicular Technology Conference. IEEE 55th Vehicular Technology Conference. VTC Spring 2002 (Cat. No.02CH37367), Vehicular Technology Conference. IEEE 55th Vehicular Technology Conference. VTC Spring 2002, IEEE, Birmingham, Alabama, pp. 1886-1890.
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Both direct sequence and frequency hopping spread spectrum communication systems co-exist in the unlicensed band such as 2.4 GHz ISM band. We propose a novel structure to obtain the channel information so that more robust communication is possible. Both theoretical and numerical results are presented to demonstrate effectiveness.

Nanda, P & Simmonds, AJ 1970, 'Providing End-to-End Guaranteed Quality of Service Over The Internet: A Survey on Bandwidth Broker Architecture For Differentiated Services Network', Proceedings of The 4th International Conference on Information Technology, CIT 2001, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited, Berhampur, India, pp. 211-216.

Nanda, P, Simmonds, AJ & Lee, S 1970, 'Measuring Quality of Service in A Differentiated Services Domain With Linux', Proceedings of 5th International Conference on Information Technology, CIT 2002, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited, Bhubaneswar, India, pp. 183-188.

Nghiem, LD, Schäfer, AI & Waite, TD 1970, 'Adsorption of estrone on nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes in water and wastewater treatment', Water Science and Technology, 2nd World Water Congress of the International-Water-Association, IWA Publishing, BERLIN, GERMANY, pp. 265-272.
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Adsorption of the trace contaminant estrone, a natural hormone and commonly abundant in surface waters and in treated as well as untreated wastewaters, to eight commercial nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes was investigated under well defined conditions. Experiments were conducted in stainless steel stirred cells by spiking trace levels (100 ng.L−1) of estrone into five different matrices, namely MilliQ water, a bicarbonate solution, synthetic natural waters containing natural organics, and secondary effluent. Results show that estrone is adsorbed to the membranes to varying degrees with extent of adsorption influenced by the feedwater composition with different mechanisms of association controlling adsorption to different membrane types. Increase in membrane resistance is typically observed to result in decrease in extent of estrone adsorption.

Nguyen, HT, Mitchell, RA, Thornton, BS, Hung, WT, Lee, W, Rickard, M, IEEE, IEEE & IEEE 1970, 'Detection of masses in digitised mammograms using dendronic image analysis', SECOND JOINT EMBS-BMES CONFERENCE 2002, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, 24th Annual International of the Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Houston, Texas, USA, pp. 1051-1052.

Oppermann, I 1970, 'Extending the scope of 802.11 WLAN through LMMSE CDMA receiver structures', The 13th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 13th IEEE International Symposium on Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC 20020, IEEE, LISBON, PORTUGAL, pp. 864-868.
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Oppermann, I 1970, 'Wideband overlay in IEEE 802.11 WLAN systems', IEEE Seventh International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications,, IEEE ISSTA 2002 - IEEE International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications, IEEE, PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC, pp. 608-612.
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Parker, P, Letcher, R, Jakeman, A, Beck, MB, Harris, G, Argent, RM, Hare, M, Pahl-Wostl, C, Voinov, A, Janssen, M, Sullivan, P, Scoccimarro, M, Friend, A, Sonnenshein, M, Barker, D, Matejicek, L, Odulaja, D, Deadman, P, Lim, K, Larocque, G, Tarikhi, P, Fletcher, C, Put, A, Maxwell, T, Charles, A, Breeze, H, Nakatani, N, Mudgal, S, Naito, W, Osidele, O, Eriksson, I, Kautsky, U, Kautsky, E, Naeslund, B, Kumblad, L, Park, R, Maltagliati, S, Girardin, P, Rizzoli, A, Mauriello, D, Hoch, R, Pelletier, D, Reilly, J, Olafsdottir, R & Bin, S 1970, 'Progress in integrated assessment and modelling1A Summary of a workshop on Integrated Assessment and Modelling, held at EcoSummit 2000: Integrating the Sciences, Halifax, June 18–22, 2000. See Costanza and Jorgensen (2001) for a further report on Ecosummit.1', Environmental Modelling & Software, Elsevier BV, pp. 209-217.
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Parker, P, Letcher, R, Jakeman, A, Beck, MB, Harris, G, Argent, RM, Hare, M, Pahl-Wostl, C, Voinov, A, Janssen, M, Sullivan, P, Scoccimarro, M, Friend, A, Sonnenshein, M, Barker, D, Matejicek, L, Odulaja, D, Deadman, P, Lim, K, Larocque, G, Tarikhi, P, Fletcher, C, Put, A, Maxwell, T, Charles, A, Breeze, H, Nakatani, N, Mudgal, S, Naito, W, Osidele, O, Eriksson, I, Kautsky, U, Kautsky, E, Naeslund, B, Kumblad, L, Park, R, Maltagliati, S, Girardin, P, Rizzoli, A, Mauriello, D, Hoch, R, Pelletier, D, Reilly, J, Olafsdottir, R & Bin, S 1970, 'The Potential for Integrated Assessment and Modeling to Solve Environmental Problems', UNDERSTANDING AND SOLVING ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN THE 21ST CENTURY: TOWARD A NEW, INTEGRATED HARD PROBLEM SCIENCE, 2nd EcoSummit Workshop, Elsevier, HALIFAX, CANADA, pp. 19-39.
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Perry, S & Wyber, R 1970, 'Tomographic Reconstruction of Wide-Bandwidth Sonar Data using a Hopfield Neural Network', 2001 Defense Applications of Signal Processing Workshop, Adelaide, SA, Australia, pp. 240-244.

Qiang Wu, Xiangjian He & Hintz, T 1970, 'Distributed image processing on spiral architecture', Fifth International Conference on Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing, 2002. Proceedings., Fifth International Conference on Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing, IEEE Comput. Soc, Beijing, China, pp. 84-91.
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Rich, D, Lipman, J, Akesson, J, Rofougaran, R, Hansen, E, Su, D, O'Connell, C, Tuch, B, IEEE & IEEE 1970, 'Design challenges in wireless LANs', PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 2002 CUSTOM INTEGRATED CIRCUITS CONFERENCE, pp. 291-291.

Robertson, TJ, Dyson, LE, Norman, HR & Buckley, B 1970, 'Increasing The Participation of Indigenous Australians In The Information Technology Industries', Participatory Design Conference, Participatory Design Conference, Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility, Malmo, Sweden, pp. 288-294.

Ruta, D & Gabrys, B 1970, 'New Measure of Classifier Dependency in Multiple Classifier Systems', MULTIPLE CLASSIFIER SYSTEMS, 3rd International Workshop on Multiple Classifier Systems, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, CAGLIARI, ITALY, pp. 127-136.
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Ruta, D & Gabrys, B 1970, 'Static Field Approach for Pattern Classification', SOFT-WARE 2002: COMPUTING IN AN IMPERFECT WORLD, 1st International Conference on Computing in an Imperfect World (SOFT-WARE 2002), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, BELFAST, NORTH IRELAND, pp. 232-246.
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Samali, B, Al Dawod, M & Li, JC 1970, 'PERFORMANCE OF AN ACTIVE MASS DRIVER SYSTEM ON A FIVE STOREY BENCHMARK MODEL', The Proceedings of the International Conference on Motion and Vibration Control, Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Japan, pp. 166-171.
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SAMALI, B, AL-DAWOD, M & LI, J 1970, 'PERFORMANCE OF A FIVE STOREY BENCHMARK MODEL USING AN ACTIVE MASS DRIVER AND A FUZZY CONTROLLER', Applied Mechanics, Proceedings of the Third Australasian Congress on Applied Mechanics, WORLD SCIENTIFIC, Gold Coast, Australia, pp. 647-652.
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Samali, B, Wu, Y & Li, J 1970, 'Torsional response of a base-isolated eccentric building model', Advances in Mechanics of Structures and Materials, The 17th Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, A.A. Balkema Publishers, Gold Coast, Australia, pp. 769-774.

Schmiedeler, J, Siston, R & Waldron, K 1970, 'The significance of leg mass in modeling quadrupedal running gaits', ROMANSY 14 - THEORY AND PRACTICE OF ROBOTS AND MANIPULATORS, Springer, Germany, pp. 481-488.
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Schmiedeler, JP & Waldron, KJ 1970, 'Leg stiffness and articulated leg design for dynamic locomotion', ASME 2002 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference, IDETC/CIE2002, Montreal, pp. 1105-1112.
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A number of legged robots capable of dynamic running have been constructed, although, in most cases, very little explanation has been given for how the stiffness of the legs was selected. This paper proposes that a reasonable design value for a robot's leg stiffness is the effective leg stiffness of an animal having the same mass. It further details a simple, kinetostatic analysis of articulated legs that can be used to determine the leg design geometry for a desired stiffness. The technique allows the designer to exploit the non-linearities in the leg mechanism to achieve an advantageous non-linear leg stiffness. An example of the method is given, and preliminary experimental results with the corresponding prototype leg are presented. Copyright © 2002 by ASME.

Shi, CG & Lu, J 1970, 'An information retrieval model by using weighting technology', Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Information and Management Sciences, International Conference on Information Management Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, Chengdu, China, pp. 427-430.

Shing-Hong Liu, I-Fang Chung & Chin-Teng Lin 1970, 'An optimal controller with synthetic fuzzy logic for tracking mean arterial pressure', 2002 IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence. 2002 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems. FUZZ-IEEE'02. Proceedings (Cat. No.02CH37291), 2002 IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence. 2002 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems. FUZZ-IEEE'02, IEEE, HONOLULU, HI, pp. 402-407.
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Shui Yu, Wanlei Zhou & Yue Wu 1970, 'Research on network anycast', Fifth International Conference on Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing, 2002. Proceedings., Fifth International Conference on Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing, IEEE Comput. Soc, BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 154-161.
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Shui Yu, Wanlei Zhou, Ying Zhao, Mingjun Lan & Yang Xiang 1970, 'A Web-DB model on multicast and anycast', Fifth International Conference on Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing, 2002. Proceedings., Fifth International Conference on Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing, IEEE Comput. Soc, BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 412-415.
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Su, SW, Anderson, BDO, Brinsmead, TS, IEEE & IEEE 1970, 'Robust input disturbance suppression for nonlinear systems based on multiple model adaptive control', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 41ST IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL, VOLS 1-4, IEEE, Las Vegas, USA, pp. 3047-3048.

Subramanian, S, Wang, P, Durairaj, R, Rasimas, J, Travostino, F, Lavian, T & Doan Hoang 1970, 'Practical active network services within content-aware gateways', Proceedings DARPA Active Networks Conference and Exposition, DARPA Active Networks Conference and Exposition, IEEE Comput. Soc, San Francisco, USA, pp. 344-354.
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Thiruvenkatachari, R, Ngo, HH, Hagare, P, Vigneswaran, S & Ben Aim, R 1970, 'Flocculation-cross-flow microfiltration hybrid system for natural organic matter (NOM) removal using hematite as a flocculent', DESALINATION, International Congress on Membranes and Membrane Processes (ICOM), ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, TAULOUSE, FRANCE, pp. 83-88.
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Thomas, P & Stuart, BH 1970, 'Crystalline morphology of PEEK in PEEK-PTFE blends', 8th Symposium on Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry Abstracts Book, 8th Symposium on Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Barcelona.

Tong, Q, Ma, B, Hong, S, Nguyen, L, Nguyen, H & Negasi, A 1970, 'Encapsulant materials and processes for wafer level-chip scale packaging (WL-CSP)', 52nd Electronic Components and Technology Conference 2002. (Cat. No.02CH37345), 52nd Electronic Components and Technology Conference, IEEE, pp. 1366-1372.
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Wafer Level-Chip Scale Packaging (WL-CSP) has become a popular packaging option in recent years due to its lower profile, faster signal transfer, and smaller size. These features represent the current industry trend toward high performance and miniaturization. Encapsulant materials are usually required to enhance CSP package reliability for thermal cycling and drop resistance. In addition, the encapsulant also provides a certain measure of environmental protection. Among current CSP packaging options such as standard underfill wicking and the so-called no-flow process, the wafer pre-apply process is the most cost-effective packaging method. The wafer level process increases production output and reduces the overall assembly cost significantly, while achieving comparable or better reliability. This paper provides details on the requirements of underfills applied to WL-CSPs, the properties of the new class of materials developed, the optimal wafer process and assembly conditions, and the reliability data obtained to date on WL-CSPs.

Umakhanthan, K & Ball, JE 1970, 'Estimation of Rainfall Heterogeneity across Space and Time Scale', Global Solutions for Urban Drainage, Ninth International Conference on Urban Drainage (9ICUD), American Society of Civil Engineers, Portland, Oregon, pp. 1-16.
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Over the last decade, it has been recognized that the spatial and temporal variability of rainfall is a significant influence on the robustness of predictions from catchment modelling systems. However, there have been few, if any, attempts to differentiate storm events occurring on urban catchments according to their variability in both the space and time dimensions. Presented in this paper will be a technique for assessing the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of individual storm events. Also presented will be the application of this technique for the analysis of storm events occurring over urban catchments within the Sydney urban area. This analysis will be based on five-minute rainfall records extracted from the 14 pluviometers within Upper Parramatta River (110 km 2 ) and from the 6 pluviometers in and around the Centennial Park (1.3km 2 ) catchments within Sydney, Australia. As a result of the analysis, storms were categorized as being â¦High spatial and high temporal variability (HS-HT), â¦High spatial and low temporal variability (HS-LT), â¦Low spatial and high temporal variability (LS-HT), and â¦Low spatial and low temporal variability (LS-LT). This categorization was undertaken as part of an investigation into the importance of alternate rainfall models for application in Catchment Modelling Systems.

Umakhanthan, K & Ball, JE 1970, 'Estimation of Spatio-temporal heterogeneity of rainfall and its importance towards a more robust catchment simulation', Proceedings of the International Conference on Urban Hydrology for the 21st Century - Urban Problems in the New Millennium, International Conference on Urban Hydrology for the 21st Century, Water Resources Centre for Southeast Asia and the Pacific, HTC Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, pp. 1-16.

Umakhanthan, K & Ball, JE 1970, 'Importance of rainfall models in catchment simulation', ADVANCES IN HYDRAULICS AND WATER ENGINEERING, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS, 13th Congress of the Asia/Pacific Division of the International-Association-of-Hydraulic-Engineering-and-Research, WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD, SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE, pp. 551-556.

Waldron, K 1970, 'Near Optimal Coordination of Legged Vehicles Over Large Obstacles', Proceedings of ARK 2002, pp. 501-515.

Wang, M, Zhang, N, Chapman, C, Brown, T & Jeyakumaran, JM 1970, 'Design and torsional vibration analysis of a complex vehicle powertrain system test rig', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON VIBRATION ENGINEERING, International Conference on Vibration Engineering, Beijing Renyan Pringting House, Beijing China, Nanjing, China, pp. 303-309.

Weily, AR, Esselle, KP & Sanders, BC 1970, 'Time domain analysis of three-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide components', 2002 Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Materials and Devices. COMMAD 2002. Proceedings (Cat. No.02EX601), 2002 Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectron Materials and Devices, IEEE, UNIV NEW S WALES, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA, pp. 341-344.
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Wijesoma, WS, Kodagoda, KRS & Balasuriya, AP 1970, 'A laser and a camera for mobile robot navigation', 7th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision, 2002. ICARCV 2002., ICARV 2002: The Seventh International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision, Nanyang Technological Univ, Singapore, pp. 740-745.
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In most urban roads, and similar environments such as in theme parks, campus sites, industrial estates, science parks and the like, the painted lane markings that exist may not be easily discernible by CCD cameras due to poor lighting, bad weather conditions, and inadequate maintenance. An important feature of roads in such environments is the existence of pavements or curbs on either side defining the road boundaries. These curbs, which are mostly parallel to the road, can be harnessed to extract useful features of the road for implementing autonomous navigation or driver assistance systems. However, extraction of the curb or road edge feature using vision image data is a very formidable task as the curb is not conspicuous in the vision image. To extract the curb using vision data requires extensive image processing, heuristics and very favourable ambient lighting. In our approach, the curb data is extracted speedily using range data provided by a 2D laser range measurement device. This information is then used to extract the mid-line(s) in the vision image using an extended Kalman filtering (EKF) approach. Subsequently midline data is used for the prediction of the road boundaries. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the viability, and effectiveness, of the proposed methodology.

Wijesoma, WS, Kodagoda, KRS & Balasuriya, AP 1970, 'Laser and vision sensing for road detection and reconstruction', Proceedings. The IEEE 5th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE 5th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems., IEEE, Singapore, pp. 248-253.
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In most urban roads, and similar environments such as in theme parks, campus sites, industrial estates, science parks and the like, the painted lane markings that exist may not be easily discernible by CCD cameras due to poor lighting, bad weather conditions, and inadequate maintenance. An important feature of roads in such environments is the existence of pavements or curbs on either side defining the road boundaries. These curbs, which are mostly parallel to the road, can be harnessed to extract useful features of the road for implementing autonomous navigation or driver assistance systems. However, extraction of the curb or road edge feature using vision image data is a very formidable task as the curb is not conspicuous in the vision image. To extract the curb using vision data requires extensive image processing, heuristics and very favorable ambient lighting. In our approach, the curb data is extracted speedily rising range data provided by a 2D laser range measuring device. This information is then used to extract the mid-line(s) in the vision image using an extended Kalman filtering approach. Subsequently, midline data is used for the prediction of the road boundaries. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the viability and effectiveness of the proposed methodology.

Williams, SB, Dissanayake, G, Durrant-Whyte, H, IEEE, IEEE & IEEE 1970, 'An efficient approach to the Simultaneous Localisation and Mapping problem', 2002 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS I-IV, PROCEEDINGS, IEEE International Conference on Robots and Automation, Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Washington DC,USA, pp. 406-411.
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This paper presents a novel approach to the simultaneous localisation and mapping algorithm that exploits the manner in which observations are fused into the global map of the environment to manage the computational complexity of the algorithm and improve the data association process. Rather than incorporating every observation directly into the global map of the environment, the constrained local submap filter relies on creating an independent, local submap of the features in the immediate vicinity of the vehicle. This local submap is then periodically fused into the global map of the environment using appropriately formulated constraints between the common feature estimates. This approach is shown to be effective in reducing the computational complexity of maintaining the global map estimates as well as improving the data association process.

Williams, SB, Dissanayake, G, Durrant-Whyte, H, IEEE, IEEE & IEEE 1970, 'Towards multi-vehicle simultaneous localisation and mapping', 2002 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS I-IV, PROCEEDINGS, IEEE International Conference on Robots and Automation, Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Washington DC,USA, pp. 2743-2748.
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This paper presents a novel approach to the multi-vehicle simultaneous localisation and mapping (SLAM) problem that exploits the manner in which observations are fused into the global map of the environment to manage the computational complexity of the algorithm and improve the data association process. Rather than incorporating every observation directly into the global map of the environment, the constrained local submap filter (CLSF) relies on creating an independent, local submap of the features in the immediate vicinity of the vehicle. This local submap is then periodically fused into the global map of the environment. This representation is shown to reduce the computational complexity of maintaining the global map estimates as well as improving the data association process. This paper examines the prospect of applying the CLSF algorithm to the multi-vehicle SLAM problem

Wu, FJ, Lu, J & Zhang, GQ 1970, 'An extension of scalarization-based approach to fuzzy multiple objective linear programming with fuzzy parameters', Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Information and Management Sciences, International Conference on Information Management Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, Chengdu, China, pp. 420-426.

Wu, Q, He, S & Hintz, TB 1970, 'Scaling Factor Computation in Image Partitioning on Spiral Architecture', Proc. International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications, International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications, CSREA Press, Las Vegas, US, pp. 28-33.

WU, YM, SAMALI, B & LI, J 1970, 'EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT PERFORMANCE OF LAMINATED AND LEAD CORE RUBBER BEARINGS', Applied Mechanics, Proceedings of the Third Australasian Congress on Applied Mechanics, WORLD SCIENTIFIC, Sydney, Australia, pp. 659-664.
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Xiaojing Huang & Yunxin Li 1970, 'Performances of impulse train modulated ultra-wideband systems', 2002 IEEE International Conference on Communications. Conference Proceedings. ICC 2002 (Cat. No.02CH37333), IEEE International Conference on Communications, IEEE, NEW YORK, NY, pp. 758-762.
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Xiaojing Huang & Yunxin Li 1970, 'Scalable complete complementary sets of sequences', Global Telecommunications Conference, 2002. GLOBECOM '02. IEEE, GLOBECOM 2002 - IEEE Global Communications Conference, IEEE, TAIPEI, TAIWAN, pp. 1056-1060.
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Yu, Q, Hoang, DB & Feng, DD 1970, 'A comparative study on the coherent approaches to cooperation between TCP and ATM congestion control algorithms', ELEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS, PROCEEDINGS, 11th International Conference Computer Communications and Networks, IEEE, Miami, USA, pp. 580-585.
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Numerous studies have indicated that ATM available bit rate (ABR) service can provide low-delay, fairness, and high throughput, and can handle congestion effectively inside the ATM network. However, network congestion is not really eliminated but rather it is pushed out to the edge of the ATM network, packets from TCP sources competing for the available ATM bandwidth are buffered in the routers or switches at the network edges, causing severe congestion, degraded throughput, and unfairness. This poor performance is mainly due to the uncoordinated interaction between the congestion control mechanism of TCP and ATM. It is well accepted that some form of cooperation at edge device would help to control TCP traffic flow over ATM more effectively. We have previously proposed the fair intelligent explicit window adaptation (FIEWA) scheme and fair intelligent ACK bucket control (FIABC) scheme. The key idea is to combine the feedback information from the receiver, from the underlying ATM network, and from the local information at the edge device intelligently to explicitly/implicitly control the TCP rate. We present a comparative simulation study on our schemes with other established schemes; to identify the characteristics of each different scheme; and to indicate the requirement for a fairer, simpler and more robust coherent approach at the edge device.

Yu, Q, Li, M, Hoang, DB & Feng, D 1970, 'Fair Intelligent Feedback Mechanism on TCP based Network', Proceedings of The International Conference on Internet Computing, International Conference on Internet Computing, CSREA Press, Las Vegas, USA, pp. 1009-1015.

Yu, S, Zhou, W, Huang, F & Lan, M 1970, 'An Efficient Algorithm for Application-Layer Anycasting', DISTRIBUTED COMMUNITIES ON THE WEB, 4th International Workshop on Distributed Communities on the Web, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA, pp. 74-83.
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Yuehe Ge & Esselle, KP 1970, 'A fast full-wave MoM analysis of arbitrary microstrip structures based on new close-form Green's functions', IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37313), IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, IEEE, pp. 178-181.
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A moment method based on triangular (RWG) basis functions and new closed-form Green's functions is presented for the analysis of microstrip structures of arbitrary shapes. It combines the flexibility of the triangular basis functions with the efficiency of the closed-form Green's functions. The new method is applied to obtain the scattering coefficients of a two-gap microstrip filter and it is found to be accurate and efficient.

Zeibots, ME 1970, 'The macroeconomic structure of cities: indicators for sustainable urban infrastructure development', Regional Cycles: Regional Economy Towards Sustainability, Regional Cycles: Regional Economy Towards Sustainability, Leipzig, Germany, pp. 1-10.

Zhang, C, Yan, X, Zhang, S & Kennedy, PJ 1970, 'Mining Very Large Databases Using Software Agents', Proceedings of the International Conference on Machine Learning and Application (ICMLA 02), International Conference on Machine Learning and Application (ICMLA 02), CSREA Press, Las Vegas, USA, pp. 84-90.

Zhang, J, Kennedy, RA & Abhayapala, TD 1970, 'Analytical Description of Signal Characteristics and Interference For Time Hopped UWB System', COMMUNICATIONS THEORY WORKSHOP, Citeseer, pp. 114-114.

Zhou, J, Hinz, M & Tönnies, KD 1970, 'Hybrid Focal Region-Based Volume Rendering of', Bildverarbeitung für die Medizin 2002: Algorithmen—Systeme—Anwendungen Proceedings des Workshops vom 10.–12. März 2002 in Leipzig, Springer-Verlag, pp. 113-113.

Ziolkowski, RW 1970, 'Double negative metamaterial design, experiments, and applications', IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37313), IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, IEEE, pp. 396-399.
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The design and testing of several metamaterials that exhibit double negative (DNG) medium properties at X-band frequencies are reported. Double negative media are materials in which the permittivity and permeability are both negative. Simulation and experimental results are given that demonstrate the realization of DNG metamaterials matched to free-space. The extraction of the effective permittivity and permeability for these DNG metamaterials from reflection and transmission data is treated. It is shown conclusively that the metamaterials treated exhibit DNG properties in the frequency range of interest. Applications of DNG media to sensor and energy transmission technologies is discussed.

Ziolkowski, RW 1970, 'Tailoring the electromagnetic responses of metamaterials: double negative medium designs and experiments', Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology, 2002 2nd IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology, IEEE, WASHINGTON, DC, pp. 223-223.
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Zowghi, D 1970, 'Does Global Software Development Need a Different Requirements Engineering Process?', Proceeding of International Workshop on Global Software Development, (In conjunction with the Int’l Conference on Software Engineering, ICSE 2002, International Workshop on Global Software Development, ICSE, Orlando, Florida.

Zowghi, D & Gervasi, V 1970, 'The Three Cs of Requirements: Consistency, Completeness and Correctness', Proceedings of 8th International Workshop on Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality, (REFSQâ02), International Workshop on Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality, REFSQ, Essen, Germany.

Zowghi, D & Nurmuliani, N 1970, 'A study of the impact of requirements volatility on software project performance', Ninth Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference, 2002., Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference, IEEE Comput. Soc, pp. 3-11.
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© 2002 IEEE. Software development is considered to be a dynamic process where demands for changes seem to be inevitable. Modifications to software are prompted by all kinds of changes including changes to the requirements. This type of changes gives rise to an intrinsic volatility, which has several impacts on the software development lifecycle. This paper describes our findings of an extensive survey based empirical study of requirement volatility (RV) and its impact on software project performance. In particular, findings reveal that requirement volatility has a significant impact on schedule overrun and cost overrun in software projects. Our investigation also examined factors that contribute to the extent of requirement volatility and found that variables such as frequent communications between users and developers and usage of a definable methodology in requirements analysis and modeling have impact on the stability of requirements.

Fitch, R, Butler, Z & Rus, D 2002, The Crystal Robot: Implementation and Demonstration, pp. 65-71.

Robertson, TJ, Dyson, LE, Norman, HR & Buckley, B Faculty of Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney 2002, Inreasing the Participation of Indigenous Australians in the Information Technology Industry Technical Report 2002.2, pp. 0-26, Sydney.

Teoh, EK, Wijesoma, WS, Balasuriya, A & Kodagoda, S 2002, An Intelligent Navigation System for Mobile Robots, Electrical and Electronic Engineering- Research, pp. 74-75, Singapore.

Zhou, J & Toennies, K University of Magdeburg, Germany 2002, Investigation of Volume Rendering Algorithms, University of Magdeburg, Germay.

Pietroni, N 2002, 'Algoritmi e Strutture Dati per la Modellazione Interattiva di Tagli su Oggetti Deformabili'.