Bajracharya, K & Vigneswaran, S 1990, 'Adsorption of cadmium and zinc in saturated soil columns: Mathematical models and experiments', Environmental Technology, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 9-24.
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It vas found from experiments that adsorption of Cd and Zn in the dynamic system was higher than that in the static systea. Equilibrium Adsorption Model (EAM) and Two Site Adsorption Model (TSAM) have been validated with the observed concentration history curves of Cd and Zn. In most of the cases the EAM model with dynamic isotherm constants fitted the observed concentration history curves satisfactorily. In those where EAM did not fit well (using Dynamic isotherm constants), the TSAM predicted more accurately. The general conclusion is that for highly adsorbing solutes, EAM is a simple and quite satisfactory model for the prediction of concentration profiles both temporally and spatially. © 1990 Publications Division Selper Ltd.
Bajracharya, K & Vigneswaran, S 1990, 'Competitive adsorption of solutes in saturated soil columns: Mathematical model and experiments', Environmental Technology, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 25-32.
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Results of competitive adsorption column experiments of Cadmiua (Cd) and Zinc (Zn) are discussed. A mathematical model termed as Competitive Dynamic Adsorption Model (CDAM) to predict the solute concentration in the multi‐solute system is presented. The CDAM is verified using concentration history curves of Cd and Zn obtained from saturated column experiments. © 1990 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
Ball, JE 1990, 'Unsteady flow model for urban drainage systems', Transactions of the Institution of Engineers, Australia. Civil engineering, vol. CE32, no. 2, pp. 66-74.
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A numerical model which uses the algorithm presented by Ball (1) and the results of an investigation into the relative importance of the terms in the full dynamic wave equation of motion presented by Ball (2) for the prediction of unsteady flow propagation within an urban drainage system is presented. Results obtained from the use of the proposed model and also from use of the EXTRAN block of SWMM (3) on sample hypothetical networks are presented. These results indicate a more stable and physically reasonable hydrograph is predicted by the proposed model than that obtained from EXTRAN. Finally, an application of the proposed model to the analysis of an existing drainage network is presented.
Bird, TS 1990, 'Analysis of mutual coupling in finite arrays of different-sized rectangular waveguides', IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 166-172.
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Bird, TS 1990, 'Behaviour of multiple elliptical waveguides opening into a ground plane', IEE Proceedings H Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, vol. 137, no. 2, pp. 121-121.
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Bird, TS & Hay, SG 1990, 'Mismatch in dielectric-loaded rectangular waveguide antenna', Electronics Letters, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 59-61.
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Briers, M & Hirst, M 1990, 'The role of budgetary information in performance evaluation', Accounting, Organizations and Society, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 373-398.
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This paper provides a review of studies that focus on the use of budgetary information in performance evaluation. Our survey shows that studies have recognized that this information is used in a variety of ways. In addition, various psychological and behavioral effects of alternative uses as well as factors that give rise to a particular use have been identified. Notwithstanding this breadth of analysis, a critical review of the literature shows that in recent years theoretical development has been piece meal, and there are instance of selective referencing and an uncritical acceptance of theory statements in related literature. More generally, theoretical development has taken a secondary role to an emphasis on statistical analysis. Further, recent empirical studies tend to be method-driven in their selection of relevant phenomena and, in addition, include several characteristics that cause an uncoupling of the connection between theory statements and empirical test. The present review interprets these limitations as providing opportunities for future research. © 1990.
CAO, HT, BAWEJA, D & ROPER, H 1990, 'CORROSION CHARACTERISTICS OF STEEL IN SOLUTIONS DERIVED FROM CEMENTS AND BLENDED CEMENTS', CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 325-334.
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Potentiodynamic Anodic Polarization techniques were used to investigate the corrosion characteristics of steel in solutions. The solutions were prepared by mixing different cements at a water-binder ratio of 2.0 and extraction after 3 and 7 days. Cements used in this investigation included an OPC with low C3A content, an OPC with high C3A content, a Slag Cement and a Fly Ash Cement. Results indicate that in the absence of chloride ions, the corrosion characteristics of steel in these solutions are very similar to those of steel in lime-saturated water. Despite differences in the rest potentials found in solutions made with the range of binder materials, steel passivation could be observed in all solutions. Passivation imparted to the steel by binder solutions was found to vary in the presence of increasing levels of chloride. A threshold chloride ion concentration for depassivation was established for each binder solution tested. Solutions made from the High C3A Cement and the Slag Cement displayed the best steel passivation characteristics, white the Low C3A Cement solution rated worst. © 1990.
Emanuel, PD, Peiper, SC, Chen, Z, Sheng, DC & Zuckerman, KS 1990, 'Specific inhibition of interleukin 3 bioactivity by a monoclonal antibody reactive with hematopoietic progenitor cells.', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 87, no. 12, pp. 4449-4452.
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HIM1, originally designated HI98, a murine monoclonal IgM antibody raised against human mononuclear cells, has been reported at the Fourth International Leukocyte Typing Workshop (called antibody M0141) to be the only one of 157 antibodies tested that inhibited binding of interleukin 3 (IL-3) to KG-1 human acute myelogenous leukemia cells and normal human monocytes. We have carried out detailed studies of the selective effect of HIM1 on IL-3-mediated stimulation of hematopoietic progenitors. Preincubation of normal human bone marrow mononuclear cells, depleted of adherent cells and T cells, with HIM1 antibody resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of IL-3-mediated stimulation of both erythroid burst-forming units (maximum inhibition 55%) and granulocyte/macrophage colony-forming units (maximum inhibition 49%). HIM1 antibody had no effect on growth of erythroid colony-forming units in culture. In addition, preincubation of the cells with HIM1 antibody had no deleterious effect on granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor-induced growth of either erythroid bursts or granulocyte/macrophage colonies. To be certain that the HIM1 antibody did not react directly with IL-3 itself, we attempted to use immunodepletion to remove IL-3 that had been added to our culture medium. Although we were able to remove IL-3 bioactivity by immunodepletion with anti-IL-3 antibody bound to Sepharose beads, beads with attached HIM1 did not remove IL-3 activity from the medium. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils bind high levels of HIM1, although they have very few or no detectable IL-3 receptors. Therefore, this antibody appears to recognize a cell surface antigen that is critical for optimal IL-3 binding and bioactivity but is not the actual IL-3 receptor.
EZE, OC & LOGANATHAN, P 1990, 'EFFECTS OF PH ON PHOSPHATE SORPTION OF SOME PALE-ADULTS OF SOUTHERN NIGERIA', SOIL SCIENCE, vol. 150, no. 3, pp. 613-621.
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The effect of pH on phosphate sorption by soil samples from two coarse-textured pedons of typic Paleudults in the perhumid tropical zone of Nigeria was studied by equilibrating air-dried soil samples adjusted to pH 3.5–6.5 for 48 h with 10 ppm P and 60 ppm P solutions at two concentrations of CaCl2 and NaCl. Phosphate sorption was generally unaffected by pH at low P additions at the two concentrations of the salts, whereas at high P additions sorption generally decreased with increase in soil pH, except in the presence of the high concentration of CaCl2 (10−2 M) where sorption decreased up to pH 5.0–5.5; beyond this pH range it increased. In both 10−2 M CaCl2 and 3 × 10−2 M NaCl systems, phosphate sorption decreased by 19–89% as a result of dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (DCB) treatment. The effects of pH on phosphate sorption by treated samples were similar to those by untreated samples. Phosphate sorption increased with increase in depth, probably due to the increase in oxalate and dithionite-citrate-bi-carbonate extractable Fe and Al and the decrease in organic matter content down the pedons. Phosphate sorption by samples from the B horizon increased with increase in period of incubation with lime, whereas in the samples of Ap horizons no consistent trend was obtained. © 1990 Williams and Wilkins.
Huang, MZ & Waldron, KJ 1990, 'Relationship between payload and speed in legged locomotion systems', IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 570-577.
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Indraratna, B 1990, 'Development and applications of a synthetic material to simulate soft sedimentary rocks', Géotechnique, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 189-200.
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Due to the fact that a model material can be made homogeneous, the influence of different variables on behavioural mechanisms can be investigated independently. Consequently, large experimental scatter attributed to inherent variables (generally unknown) of a natural material can be avoided. This Paper presents the development of an artificial material which can effectively simulate the behaviour of an array of weak, sedimentary rocks. This synthetic soft rock was constituted with gypsum cement, fine sand and water, and characterized with homogeneous and isotropic properties with insignificant variability from one batch to another. It can be easily manufactured in the laboratory and can be cast either in large or small volumes to occupy any predetermined shape of given physical dimensions. An experimental application to study the behaviour of reinforced composites (simulated bolted rock) is also described in this Paper. Puis qu'une matière-modèle peut être rendue homogène, il est possible d'étudier de façon indépendante l'influence exercée par de diverses variables sur les mécanismes de comportement. On peut par conséquent éviter la dispersion considérable expérimentale attribuée aux variabilités inhérentes, généralement inconnues, à une matière naturelle. L'article décrit le développement d'une matière artificielle qui peut simuler effectivement le comportement d'un groupe de roches tendres Sédimentaires. Cette rocbe tendre synthétique comprenait du ciment de gypse, du sable fin et de l'eau et possédait des propriétés homogènes et isotropes qui ne variaient que très peu d'un lot à l'autre. Cette matière peut se produire très facilement dans le laboratoire et être coulée dans de petits ou grands volumes pour prendre n'importe quelle forme prédeterminée de dimensions données. L'article présente aussi une application expérimentale pour étudier le comportement des matières composites renforcées (simulation de rocbes boulonnées).
Indraratna, B & Kaiser, PK 1990, 'Analytical model for the design of grouted rock bolts', International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 227-251.
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An analytical model which represents the behaviour of a reinforced rock mass near a circular underground opening in a homogeneous, uniform stress field has been developed. The theory adopts the concepts of elastoplasticity and considers a proper interaction mechanism between the ground and the grouted (or friction) bolts. It highlights the influence of the bolt pattern on the extent of the yield zone and tunnel deformation. A dimensionless parameter is introduced as a design tool which relates the tunnel convergence to the bolt spacing for a given bolt length. This publication contains the derivation of the analytical model and an illustration of the effect of bolts on the stress and displacement field near an opening. Its application to tunnel design is discussed briefly. The verification of the theory by laboratory simulation and field measurements will be presented, in detail, in a future publication. Copyright © 1990 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Mirvish, SS, Weisenburger, DD, Joshi, SS & Nickols, J 1990, '2-Hydroxyethylnitrosourea induction of B cell lymphoma in female Swiss mice', Cancer Letters, vol. 54, no. 1-2, pp. 101-106.
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Pugh, DR, Ribble, EA, Vohnout, VJ, Bihari, TE, Walliser, TM, Patterson, MR & Waldron, KJ 1990, 'Technical Description of the Adaptive Suspension Vehicle', The International Journal of Robotics Research, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 24-42.
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This paper contains descriptions and specifications of the major mechanical systems of the Adaptive Suspension Vehi cle. It also contains an overview of the computer software and hardware architectures. Experimental response curves for the principal servo systems are presented.
REUBEN, AJ & SHANNON, AG 1990, 'SOME PROBLEMS IN THE MATHEMATICAL-MODELING OF ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION', IMA JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS APPLIED IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 145-156.
SHANNON, AG, COLAGIURI, S & MILLER, JJ 1990, 'COMPARISON OF GLYCEMIC CONTROL WITH HUMAN AND PORCINE INSULINS - A META-ANALYSIS', MEDICAL JOURNAL OF AUSTRALIA, vol. 152, no. 1, pp. 49-49.
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Stewart, MG 1990, 'Human error in steel beam design', Civil Engineering Systems, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 94-101.
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Veitch, D & Glendinning, P 1990, 'Explicit renormalisation in piecewise linear bimodal maps', Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena, vol. 44, no. 1-2, pp. 149-167.
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Voinov, AA & Akhremenkov, AA 1990, 'Simulation modeling system for aquatic bodies', Ecological Modelling, vol. 52, no. 3-4, pp. 181-205.
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Watterson, PA 1990, 'Magnetic field penetration into thin discs', Archiv für Elektrotechnik, vol. 73, no. 5, pp. 353-363.
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Boyce, RR, Bone, DJ, Houwing, AFP & Finlayson, KD 1970, 'Measurement of heavy particle and electron densities in supersonic nonequilibrium corner expansions of ionized argon and neon', AIP Conference Proceedings, American Institute of Physics, pp. 414-419.
Horwitz, R, Courtenay, TD & Braun, RM 1970, 'The Development Of Novel Modem Structures To Enhance The Throughput Of Dial Up Telephone Lines', IEEE South African Symposium on Communications and Signal Processing, IEEE South African Symposium on Communications and Signal Processing, IEEE, pp. 95-99.
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© 1990 IEEE. A popular approach to designing high-speed modems for use on voice-grade telephone channels is to use a high order modulation scheme combined with a digital architecture. This paper describes the development of a modem structure which uses the DSP56001 signal processor to implement 49 quadrature partial response signalling (49 QPRS). The choice of 49 QPRS is justified by its high spectral efficiency and reasonable error rate performance. This system is being developed for two applications, which are described in the paper.
Huang, X & Chen, H 1970, 'Born migration and its fast implementation in the wavenumber‐time domain', SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1990, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1990, Society of Exploration Geophysicists, pp. 1136-1139.
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© 1990 Society of Exploration Geophysicists. All rights reserved. A new method for wave equation migration is presented in this paper. This migration method, named Born Migration, is formulated by solving the boundary-value problem of the wave equation in an integral closed-form and applying the Born approximation for the Green's function in the inhomogeneous media. The major features of Born migration are: 1. it has no limitation in dip angle; 2. it can accommodate gentle vertical and lateral velocity variations; and 3. it can be implemented by using fast Fourier transformation. It is believed that this technique is especially suitable for migration in 3D seismic survey application.
Lister, R 1970, 'Toward context dependent classification of infra-red spectra by energy minimization', 1990 IJCNN International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 1990 IJCNN International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, IEEE, pp. 1-6.
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An architecture for reimplementing an existing expert system is described. The original application, called GOLD, identifies minerals in rock samples, using infrared spectral data, and was developed in the Prospector formalism. The development of GOLD's knowledge base became cumbersome when it was necessary to describe how the spectrum of one mineral is affected by the presence of another mineral in the same sample. This is due to Prospector's one-way flow of information in the inference net, from data to goals. Any form of unidirectional knowledge representation would suffer the same problem. A bidirectional energy minimization network is a more suitable form of knowledge representation. This is illustrated on a simplified version of the spectral interpretation problem.
Page, AW, Kleeman, PW, Stewart, MG & Melchers, RE 1970, 'Structural aspects of the Newcastle earthquake', National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia, pp. 305-312.
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On 28 December, 1989 the city of Newcastle was struck by a magnitude 5.6 earthquake killing 12 people and causing losses estimated at $1000 million. It was the first time a major Australian city has been so extensively damaged as a result of an earthquake, and the first time that deaths have occurred. With a few exceptions, most of the damage was to older loadbearing masonry construction or to infill masonry in modern framed construction. There was relatively little structural damage to modern buildings, industrial facilities and lifelines. This paper reviews the damage to structures and brings out the main points to be considered in future design and construction.
Stewart, MG 1970, 'Prevention and control of human errors in structural design', National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia, pp. 156-160.
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Reviews of statistical surveys of structural failures indicate that human error is a major cause of failure. These surveys show that human error may occur in the planning, design, construction, or utilisation of a structure. However, the available data suggest that design error causes a significant proportion of structural failures. An investigation of the efficiency of a quality control measure (e.g., design checking) is reported which includes design checking guidelines for the structural engineering profession. The use of safe load tables (for steel member design) as a quality assurance measure is also investigated. It is indicated that a designer using safe load tables (or similar design aids) will be more 'cost effective' and less prone to error than designers not using such design aids. Comparisons between the efficiency of design checking and the use of safe load tables will be made.
