Apkarian, P & Tuan, HD 1999, 'Concave programming in control theory', Journal of Global Optimization, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 343-370.
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Arnold, JF, Frater, MR & Zhang, J 1999, 'Error resilience in the MPEG-2 video coding standard for cell based networks – A review', Signal Processing: Image Communication, vol. 14, no. 6-8, pp. 607-633.
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The MPEG-2 video coding standard is being extensively used worldwide for the provision of digital video services. Many of these applications involve the transport of MPEG-2 video over cell-based (or packet) networks. Examples include the broadband integr
Aslund, M, Canning, J & Bazylenko, M 1999, 'Tuning of integrated optical component using UV-induced negative index change', ELECTRONICS LETTERS, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 236-237.
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Aslund, M, Canning, J & Yoffe, G 1999, 'Locking in photosensitivity within optical fiber and planar waveguides by ultraviolet preexposure', OPTICS LETTERS, vol. 24, no. 24, pp. 1826-1828.
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Baweja, D, Roper, H & Sirivivatnanon, V 1999, 'Chloride-induced steel corrosion in concrete: part 2 - Gravimetric and electrochemical comparisons', ACI MATERIALS JOURNAL, vol. 96, no. 3, pp. 306-313.
Baweja, D, Roper, H & Sirivivatnanon, V 1999, 'Specification of concrete for marine environments: A fresh approach', ACI MATERIALS JOURNAL, vol. 96, no. 4, pp. 462-470.
Bird, TS, Mahon, SJ, Hay, SG, Parfitt, AJ, Rao, N, Ward, D, Dadello, A, Bateman, DG & Sprey, MA 1999, 'Ka-Band Transponder for a Small LEO Satellite', Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference Proceedings, APMC, vol. 3, pp. 690-693.
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A 30/20 GHz transponder has been developed for a small low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite called FedSat-1. The design of MMICs and efficient horn antennas for the transponder is outlined and measured results are presented. Integration of the components into a compact, lightweight and power efficient communications package is described.
Boon, JR, Zekou, E, McGloin, D & Dunn, MH 1999, 'Comparison of wavelength dependence in cascade-, Λ-, and Vee-type schemes for electromagnetically induced transparency', Physical Review A, vol. 59, no. 6, pp. 4675-4684.
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Browne, GS, Nelson, C, Nguyen, T, Ellis, BA, Day, RO & Williams, KM 1999, 'Stereoselective and substrate-dependent inhibition of hepatic mitochondrial β-oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation by the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ibuprofen, flurbiprofen, and ketorolac', Biochemical Pharmacology, vol. 57, no. 7, pp. 837-844.
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Canning, J & Aslund, M 1999, 'Compensation of birefringence within integrated optical components using a CO2 laser', ELECTRONICS LETTERS, vol. 35, no. 10, pp. 812-814.
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Canning, J & Aslund, M 1999, 'Correlation of ultraviolet-induced stress changes and negative index growth in type IIa germanosilicate waveguide gratings', OPTICS LETTERS, vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 463-465.
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Canning, J, Moss, D, Aslund, M & Bazylenko, M 1999, 'Study of negative index grating growth in germanosilicate planar waveguides', Optical and Quantum Electronics, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 469-480.
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Negative index grating growth in germanosilicate planar waveguides fabricated by hollow cathode (HC)-PECVD are characterized in detail. Differences in index modulation growth, both in terms of the grating strength and the rate of negative index change as a function of fluence, are observed. On the other hand, the average index change of the two polarization states shows the same rate of growth revealing that grating growth is dependent on more than on index change triggered by simple isotropic uv-defect interactions.
Canning, J, Sceats, MG & Fleming, S 1999, 'Grating structures with phase mask period in silica-on-silicon planar waveguides', OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 171, no. 4-6, pp. 213-217.
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Castel, A, François, R & Arliguie, G 1999, 'Effect of loading on carbonation penetration in reinforced concrete elements', Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 561-565.
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Catchpoole, DR & Wanjin, H 1999, 'Characterization of the Sequence and Expression of a Ykt6 Prenylated SNARE from Rat', DNA and Cell Biology, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 141-145.
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The Ykt6 protein represents a novel soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein receptor (SNARE), as it is the only one known without a hydrophobic transmembrane region at the carboxy terminus. For this SNARE, however, membrane interaction is thought to be mediated through a cysteine/aliphatic/aliphatic/methionine or histidine (CAAX) C-terminal motif, a consensus sequence involved in prenylated membrane anchoring. To date, two full-length Ykt6 cDNAs have been reported, these being in yeast and human, with a further protein predicted from a Caenorhabditis elegans cosmid. Using a mouse EST clone identified as having 65% homology with the human Ykt6, we isolated a cDNA clone encoding the rat Ykt6 homolog (rYkt6). Sequence analysis of rYkt6 demonstrated that a high level of species conservation exists between the rat and human prenylated SNAREs, as both the nucleotide and amino acid sequences share >90% homology. Mammalian Ykt6 is shown here for the first time to be constitutively expressed in a variety of tissues. The species conservation and ubiquitous expression of prenylated SNAREs hence may be indicative of an important and central role for these proteins in cellular protein trafficking.
Center, JR, Nguyen, TV, Sambrook, PN & Eisman, JA 1999, 'Hormonal and Biochemical Parameters in the Determination of Osteoporosis in Elderly Men*', The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol. 84, no. 10, pp. 3626-3635.
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Abstract
The extent to which changes in several hormonal and biochemical parameters are involved in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis in men remains controversial. This study examined the roles of free testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), 25-hydroxyvitamin D, PTH, and insulin-like growth factor I in the determination of bone mineral density (BMD) in 437 community-dwelling elderly men. Age, height, weight, quadriceps strength, and femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS) BMD were also obtained. In multiple regression analysis, after adjusting for age and weight, low E2 (P = 0.01), and high SHBG (P = 0.0002) levels were common determinants of FN and LS BMD. In addition, high PTH (P = 0.03) was an independent predictor of FN BMD, and low free T (P = 0.02) was an independent predictor of LS BMD. Low free T was associated with FN BMD in univariate analysis only. The hormonal measurements collectively accounted for 5% and 7% of the age- and weight-adjusted variance of FN and LS BMD, respectively. The sex steroids, SHBG and insulin-like growth-I were found to be interrelated using a technique of path analysis that examines the intercorrelation between these variables. A subject with any one abnormal serum parameter had a 4-fold increase in the risk of osteoporosis, whereas three abnormal parameters were associated with an 11-fold increased risk, although the latter group only applied to 1% of the study population. Although the precise causal effects these biochemical parameters may have on the development of osteoporosis remains to be determined, the present findings support an important interrelated role for these hormonal and biochemical parameters on changes in bone density in elderly men.
Center, JR, Nguyen, TV, Schneider, D, Sambrook, PN & Eisman, JA 1999, 'Mortality after all major types of osteoporotic fracture in men and women: an observational study', The Lancet, vol. 353, no. 9156, pp. 878-882.
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Chia-Feng Juang & Chin-Teng Lin 1999, 'A recurrent self-organizing neural fuzzy inference network', IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 828-845.
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Chin-Teng Lin & Chong-Ping Jou 1999, 'Controlling chaos by GA-based reinforcement learning neural network', IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 846-859.
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Chin-Teng Lin & I-Fang Chung 1999, 'A reinforcement neuro-fuzzy combiner for multiobjective control', IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics), vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 726-744.
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Chin-Teng Lin, Chia-Feng Juang & Chung-Ping Li 1999, 'Temperature control with a neural fuzzy inference network', IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews), vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 440-451.
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Chin-Teng Lin, Chia-Feng Juang & Jui-Cheng Huang 1999, 'Temperature control of rapid thermal processing system using adaptive fuzzy network', Fuzzy Sets and Systems, vol. 103, no. 1, pp. 49-65.
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Chin-Teng Lin, Gin-Der Wu & Shih-Chieh Hsiao 1999, 'New techniques on deformed image motion estimation and compensation', IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics), vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 846-859.
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Chong, NR, Burnett, IS & Chicharo, JF 1999, 'Adapting waveform interpolation (with pitch-spaced subbands) for quantisation', 1999 IEEE Workshop on Speech Coding Proceedings. Model, Coders, and Error Criteria (Cat. No.99EX351), pp. 96-98.
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Chong, NR, Burnett, IS & Chicharo, JF 1999, 'Low delay multi-level decomposition and quantisation techniques for WI coding', 1999 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing. Proceedings. ICASSP99 (Cat. No.99CH36258), vol. 1, pp. 241-244.
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Cooper, PG, Wilson, GJ, Hardman, DTA, Kawaguchi, O, Huang, Y-F, Martinez-Coll, A, Carrington, R, Puchert, E, Crameri, R, Horam, C & Hunyor, SN 1999, 'In situ measurements of skeletal muscle power output using new capacitive strain gauge', Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 451-455.
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Cucchiara, R & Piccardi, M 1999, 'Eliciting visual primitives for detection of elongated shapes', Image and Vision Computing, vol. 17, no. 5-6, pp. 347-355.
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This paper deals with the problem of eliciting visual primitives for visual search with the aim of detecting 2D objects characterized, primarily, by an elongated shape. The paper proposes a new visual primitive obtained by combining in a suitable correla
Cucchiara, R, Piccardi, M & Mello, P 1999, 'Image analysis and rule-based reasoning for a traffic monitoring system', Proceedings 199 IEEE/IEEJ/JSAI International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (Cat. No.99TH8383), pp. 758-763.
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The paper describes a system for detecting vehicles in urban traffic scenes in daytime and at night by means of image analysis and rule-based reasoning. The strength of the proposed approach is its formal separation between the low-level image processing modules (detecting moving vehicles under day and night light) and the high-level module, which provides a single framework for tracking vehicles in the scene. The image processing modules perform spatio-temporal analysis on moving templates in daytime images, and morphological analysis of headlight pairs in night images. The high-level module is designed as a forward chained production rule system, working on symbolic data, i.e. vehicles and their attributes (area, pattern, direction...) and exploiting a set of heuristic rules tuned to urban traffic conditions. The synergy between the artificial intelligence techniques of the high level and the low-level image analysis techniques provides the system with flexibility and robustness.
Cucchiara, R, Piccardi, M & Prati, A 1999, 'Exploiting cache in multimedia', Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems, pp. 345-350.
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Dharmappa, HB & Hagare, P 1999, 'Economic analysis and design of crossflow microfiltration for water treatment systems', DESALINATION, vol. 121, no. 1, pp. 1-11.
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Dutkiewicz, E & Anido, G 1999, 'Characterising output traffic from an ATM multiplexer', Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Australia, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 227-232.
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Proper dimensioning of ATM multiplexers is required for efficient and cost effective operation of ATM networks. In order to dimension an ATM multiplexer, the characteristics and quality of service requirements of the traffic need to be known. Since traffic in an ATM network can traverse through a number of ATM multiplexers, its original characteristics can be affected by the multiplexing operations. In this paper we use a queuing model for the ATM multiplexer to investigate inter-departure time characteristics of the resulting output traffic. The aggregate input traffic to the ATM multiplexer is modelled as a 2-state Markov-modulated Poisson process. By considering a number of case studies we demonstrate that inter-departure time characteristics such as the first two moments of the inter-departure time distribution and the low order correlations between the inter-departure times are inadequate to characterise output traffic for accurate prediction of cell loss.
Endo, MM, Barbour, PS, Barton, DC, Wroblewski, BM, Fisher, J, Tipper, JL, Ingham, E & Stone, MH 1999, 'A comparison of the wear and debris generation of GUR 1120 (compression moulded) and GUR 4150HP (ram extruded) ultra high molecular weight polyethylene.', Biomed Mater Eng, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 113-124.
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The wear debris generated from UHMWPE (ultra high molecular weight polyethylene) has been recognised as one of the major causes of failure in THR (total hip replacement). GUR 1120 (compression moulded) and GUR 4150HP (ram extruded) which are currently the most frequently used materials in THR were studied in pin-on-plate wear test. The wear particles generated from this test were observed by scanning electron micrograph and analysed by image analysis. The results from this study showed that GUR 4150HP had superior wear resistance than GUR 1120 under relatively high wear factor conditions. These results also highlighted the importance of multidirectional motion and its effect on the wear rates of UHMWPE. The multidirectional motion tended to show a higher wear factor than previous studies using unidirectional motion conducted under otherwise similar conditions. The wear debris analysis conducted with the wear particles collected from unidirectional (relatively rough) pin-on-plate wear tests (GUR 1120 and GUR 4150HP) showed that the greatest number of particles had a size range of 0.1-0.5 micron followed by 0.5-1.0 micron, 1.0-5.0 microns and 5.0-10.0 microns, in both GUR 1120 and GUR 4150HP. However, comparing the masses of the wear particles, the bigger size range of greater than 10 microns, had the highest percent mass followed by 1.0-5.0 microns, 0.5-1.0 micron, 0.1-0.5 micron and 5.0-10.0 microns.
Ensrud, KE, Stone, K, Cauley, JA, White, C, Zmuda, JM, Nguyen, TV, Eisman, JA & Cummings, SR 1999, 'Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and the Risk of Fractures in Older Women', Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, vol. 14, no. 10, pp. 1637-1645.
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Esselle, KP & Foroughipour, M 1999, 'Analysis of inclined microstrip patch antenna using enhanced FDTD equations', Electronics Letters, vol. 35, no. 11, pp. 853-853.
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Esselle, KP, Okoniewski, M & Stuchly, MA 1999, 'Analysis of sharp metal edges at 45° to the FDTD grid', IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 221-223.
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Fang, JQ, Li, QS & Liu, DK 1999, 'Non-spillover control design of tall buildings in modal space', Wind and Structures, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 189-200.
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In this paper, a new algorithm for active control design of structures is proposed and investigated. The algorithm preserves the decoupling property of the modal vibration equation and eliminates the spillover problem, which is the main shortcoming in the independent modal space control (IMSC) algorithm. With linear quadratic regulator(LQR) control law, the analytical solution of algebraic Riccati equation and the optimal actuator control force are obtained, and the control design procedure is significantly simplified. A numerical example for the control design of a tall building subjected to wind loads demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in reducing the acceleration and displacement responses of tall buildings under wind actions.
Fang, JQ, Li, QS, Jeary, AP & Liu, DK 1999, 'Damping of tall buildings: its evaluation and probabilistic characteristics', The Structural Design of Tall Buildings, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 145-153.
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Fang, JQ, Li, QS, Jeary, AP, Liu, DK & Wong, CK 1999, 'Probabilistic characteristics of damping in buildings', Wind and Structures, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 127-131.
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This paper describes probabilistic characteristics of damping in a tall building based on the results of full-scale measurement. It is found, through statistical analysis of the damping data, that the probability density function(PDF) of damping at the high amplitude plateau can be well represented by Normal distribution (Gaussian distribution). A stochastic damping model is proposed to estimate amplitude-dependent damping for practical application.
Foroughipour, M & Esselle, KP 1999, 'Analysis of microstrip lines with diagonal edges using a singularity-enhanced FDTD technique', Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 121-123.
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Frater, MR, Arnold, JF & Zhang, J 1999, 'MPEG 2 video error resilience experiments:', Signal Processing: Image Communication, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 269-275.
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With increasing interest in the transport of video traffic over lossy networks, several techniques for improving the quality of video services in the presence of loss have been proposed, often using the MPEG 2 video coding algorithm as a basis. Many of t
Funaki, K, Miyanaga, Y & Tochinai, K 1999, 'Recursive ARMAX speech analysis based on a glottal source model with phase compensation', Signal Processing, vol. 74, no. 3, pp. 279-295.
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Gabrys, B & Bargiela, A 1999, 'Analysis of Uncertainties in Water Systems Using Neural Networks', Measurement and Control, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 145-147.
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Gabrys, B & Bargiela, A 1999, 'Neural Networks Based Decision Support in Presence of Uncertainties', Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, vol. 125, no. 5, pp. 272-280.
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Graham, JD, Hunt, SM, Tran, N & Clarke, CL 1999, 'Regulation of the expression and activity by progestins of a member of the SOX gene family of transcriptional modulators', Journal of Molecular Endocrinology, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 295-304.
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The mammalian testis-determining gene Sry and the related Sox genes define a family of transcriptional regulators widely expressed during embryogenesis. Tightly controlled temporal profiles of expression are a feature of the Sox gene family and may be required for initiation of a cascade of gene expression, yet the molecular mechanisms that control Sox gene expression are unknown. We now show that human SOX4 is expressed in the normal breast and in breast cancer cells. In these cells SOX4 is a progesterone-regulated gene, the expression of which is increased by progestins, leading to a marked increase in SOX-mediated transcriptional activity. Treatment of T-47D breast cancer cells with the synthetic progestin ORG 2058 directly increased SOX4 transcription, resulting in a 4-fold increase in SOX4 mRNA levels within 4 h of treatment. No effect of ORG 2058 was noted on other SOX genes measured, nor were other hormone-regulated HMG box proteins detected in this system, suggesting that the observed ability of progestin to increase SOX mRNA expression was confined to SOX4. The increase in SOX4 transcription was reflected in increased SOX4 protein expression, as progestin treatment of T-47D cells transfected with a SOX-responsive reporter resulted in a marked increase in reporter gene expression. Progesterone is essential for normal development and differentiation of the female reproductive system, plays an essential role in regulating growth and differentiation of the mammary gland and is required for opposing the proliferative effects of estrogen in specific cell types. The detection of SOX4 expression in the normal and malignant breast and the demonstration that SOX4 expression is under progesterone control suggests that changes in SOX4 gene expression may play a role in commitment to the differentiated phenotype in the normal and malignant mammary gland.
Guo, YG 1999, 'A low-cost high-performance DC-DC converter topology', ELECTRONIC DESIGN, vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 96-96.
Hawryszkiewycz, IT 1999, 'Knowledge sharing through workspace networks', Proceedings of the 1999 ACM SIGCPR conference on Computer personnel research, pp. 79-85.
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Distributed organizations must provide ways for individuals to share their increasingly specialized knowledge to improve the quality of the organization's products and services. The paper will outline activities that characterize knowledge sharing processes and how to facilitate them through information technology. It will distinguish between prescriptive and emergent processes, suggesting that facilitation for knowledge sharing must emphasize emergent processes. It will then define what is needed to support such processes and describe ways of doing so using workspace networks.
Horita, E & Miyanaga, Y 1999, 'Numerically stable RLS algorithms for time-varying signals', Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part III: Fundamental Electronic Science), vol. 82, no. 4, pp. 26-37.
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Hsiao, IL, Kuo, CH, Bai, MS & Lin, CT 1999, 'On-line fault diagnosis of rotor vibration by using signal-based feature generation and neural fuzzy inference', Journal of the Chinese Society of Mechanical Engineers, Transactions of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, Series C/Chung-Kuo Chi Hsueh Kung Ch'eng Hsuebo Pao, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 345-352.
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An on-line fault detection and isolation technique is proposed for the diagnosis of rotor vibration. The architecture of the systems mainly consists of feature generation and fault inference. A signal-based method is used for generating the features required by the subsequent neural fuzzy inference. In the signal-based approach, both lateral and axial vibration data are used for calculating signal features such as the average, the standard deviation, the maximum, and the harmonic multiples. A neural fuzzy network is exploited for intelligent inference of faults based on the extracted features. The proposed systems are implemented on the platform of a digital signal processor. Experiments carried out for a rotor kit, a centrifugal fan, and a centrifugal pump indicate the potential of the proposed techniques in predictive maintenance.
Huang, S & Zhang, S 1999, 'Some control problems for symmetric circulant composite systems', Kongzhi Lilun Yu Yingyong/Control Theory and Applications, vol. 16, no. 4.
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In this paper, we study the output regulation for symmetric circulant composite systems and the quadratic stability and the quadratic stabilization for uncertain symmetric circulant omposite systems. It is shown that because of the special structure of the system, the output regulator roblems for such a system can be transfered to the output regulator problem for sys tems with lower rder. The quadratic stability for such a system can be simplified by considering the quadratic stability of several independent systems of lower order. And the quadratic stabilization controller of such a system can be constructed by the quadratic stabilization controller of systems with lower order.
Huang, S, Zheng, L, Yang, G-H & Zhang, S 1999, 'The decoupling of a class of large-scale systems with symmetric circulant structure', IFAC Proceedings Volumes, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 5903-5908.
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Indraratna, B & Haque, A 1999, 'Triaxial equipment for measuring the permeability and strength of intact and fractured rocks', Géotechnique, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 515-521.
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Indraratna, B & Locke, MR 1999, 'Design methods for granular filters—critical review', Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 137, no. 3, pp. 137-147.
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Filters are used to control seepage, and to act as a barrier for preventing base soil erosion. This study is a review of past research into filtration which includes empirical, theoretical and geometric–probabilistic methods. Empirical methods are those involving laboratory testing of many base-soil–filter combinations to determine guidelines for safe filters. Theoretical packing methods determine the maximum size of particles which can fit through idealized models of the filter material. Geometric–probabilistic methods mathematically simulate the filtration process using models of pore voids and statistical techniques to determine the penetration of base particles into the filter. These methods attempt to explain base–filter interaction during filtration. In this paper, filtration of cohesive materials is discussed including problems associated with concentrated leaks and dispersive soils. Broadly graded and gap-graded materials also require individual attention, and methods to identify and deal with their problems are presented. More significantly, a recommended design procedure for filters is described, based on empirical criteria and the newly emerging geometric–probabilistic methods.
Indraratna, B & Redana, IW 1999, 'Closure to “Plane‐Strain Modeling of Smear Effects Associated with Vertical Drains” by B. Indraratna and I. W. Redana', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 125, no. 1, pp. 98-99.
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Indraratna, B, Haque, A & Aziz, N 1999, 'Shear behaviour of idealized infilled joints under constant normal stiffness', Géotechnique, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 331-355.
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The shear behaviour of soft joints containing infill materials was investigated in the laboratory under constant normal stiffness (CNS) conditions. Tests were conducted on joints with asperities having inclinations of 9·5° (type 1) and 18·5° (type II), under a given range of initial normal stresses (σno) 0·30 to 1·10 MPa, and at a constant normal stiffness of 8·5, Kn/mm. It was found that the shear strength of joints decreases considerably even with the addition of a thin layer of infill. Results also show that the effect of asperities on shear strength is significant up to an asperity height to infill thickness (t/a) ratio of 1·4—1·8, whereas the shear behaviour is controlled by the infill alone beyond this critical ratio. The shear displacement corresponding to the peak shear stress is considerably reduced once the infill starts to govern the shear behaviour of the joint. In this study, the drop in peak shear stress under CNS conditions has been modelled by a hyperbolic relationship. In relation to ‘clean’ joints, it is verified that the proposed equation can predict the drop in shear stress as a function of the infill thickness, with good agreement with the measured data. In order to predict the dilatancy behaviour of ‘clean’ joints, a Fourier transform method is introduced, which can be used to predict the shear strength of joints under CNS conditions. Nous avons examiné en laboratoire le comportement de cisaillement de joints tendres contenant des mat´riaux de remplissage dans des conditions de rigidit´ normale constante. Nous avons mené des tests sur des joints qui pr&acuute;sentaient des aspérit´s ayant des inclinaisons de 9·5° (type I) et 18·5° (type Il) sous une gamme donnée de contraintes normales initiales (σno.) variant entre et 1,10 MPa et ´ une rigidit&cute normale constante de 8·5 kN/mm. Nous avons constaté que la r´sistance des joints a...
Jackson, MA & Burnett, IS 1999, 'Phase-space portraits of speech employing mutual information and perceptual masking', 1999 IEEE Workshop on Speech Coding Proceedings. Model, Coders, and Error Criteria (Cat. No.99EX351), pp. 61-63.
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Ji, JC & Chen, YS 1999, 'Bifurcation in a parametrically excited two-degree-of-freedom nonlinear oscillating system with 1 : 2 internal resonance', APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND MECHANICS-ENGLISH EDITION, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 350-359.
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The nonlinear response of a two-degree-of-freedom nonlinear oscillating system to parametric excitation is examined for the care of 1 : 2 internal resonance and, principal parametric resonance with respect to the lower mode. The method of multiple scales is used to derive four first-order autonomous ordinary differential equations for the modulation of the amplitudes and phases. The steady-state solutions of the modulated equations and their stability are investigated. The trivial solutions lose their stability through pitchfork bifurcation giving rise to coupled made solutions. The Melnikov method is used to study the global bifurcation behavior, the critical parameter is determined at which the dynamical system possesses a Smale horseshoe type of chaos.
Ji, JC, Yu, L & Chen, YS 1999, 'Amplitude modulated motions in a two degree-of-freedom system with quadratic nonlinearities under parametric excitation: Experimental investigation', MECHANICS RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 499-505.
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Ji, JC, Yu, L & Chen, YS 1999, 'Bifurcation and amplitude modulated motions in a parametrically excited two-degree-of-freedom non-linear system', JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION, vol. 228, no. 5, pp. 1125-1144.
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The non-linear response of a T-shaped beam-mass structure is investigated theoretically and experimentally for the case of one-to-two internal resonance and principal parametric resonance of the lower mode. The method of multiple scales is used to determine four first order amplitude- and phase-modulation equations. The non-trivial steady state solutions are obtained from trivial solutions through pitchfork bifurcation. The Melnikov's method is used to predict the critical parameter at which the dynamical system possesses a Smale horseshoe type of chaos. To verify the analytical results, experiments were performed on the T-shaped beam-mass structure. The periodically amplitude-modulated motions and chaotically amplitude-modulated motions were observed during experiments. The results of the experiment showed good qualitative agreement with the theoretical predictions.
Jiun-Hong Lai & Chin-Teng Lin 1999, 'Application of neural fuzzy network to pyrometer correction and temperature control in rapid thermal processing', IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 160-175.
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Keshavarzy, A & Ball, JE 1999, 'An application of image processing in the study of sediment motion', JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC RESEARCH, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 559-576.
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Kong, X, Nebot, EM & Durrant-Whyte, H 1999, 'Development of a non-linear psi-angle model for large misalignment errors and its application in INS alignment and calibration', Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, vol. 2, pp. 1430-1435.
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This work presents a general nonlinear psi-angle approach that does not require coarse alignment. In this psi-angle model, the three misalignment angles are assumed all large. Three states are used to describe three psi-angles rather than the four used in previous works. The approach is identical to the standard small error methods when the process errors diminish to small angles. The position and velocity error models are also presented. Standard extended Kalman filter techniques are used to solve the nonlinear data fusion problem. Experimental results of in-flight Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) alignment and calibration are presented considering total uncertainty in azimuth orientation using a low cost Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) aided with a Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS).
Krunz, M 1999, 'Bandwidth allocation strategies for transporting variable bit rate video traffic', IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 40-46.
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Landau, RE, Russell, D, Hird, CC, Pyrah, IC, Indraratna, B & Redana, IW 1999, 'Plane-Strain Modeling of Smear Effects Associated with Vertical Drains', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 125, no. 1, pp. 96-99.
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Lee, DK, Nguyen, T, O'Neill, GP, Cheng, R, Liu, Y, Howard, AD, Coulombe, N, Tan, CP, Tang-Nguyen, A-T, George, SR & O'Dowd, BF 1999, 'Discovery of a receptor related to the galanin receptors', FEBS Letters, vol. 446, no. 1, pp. 103-107.
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We report the isolation of a cDNA clone named GPR54, which encodes a novel G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). A PCR search of rat brain cDNA retrieved a clone partially encoding a GPCR. In a library screening this clone was used to isolate a cDNA with an open reading frame (ORF) encoding a receptor of 396 amino acids long which shared significant identities in the transmembrane regions with rat galanin receptors GalR1 (45%), GalR3 (45%) and GalR2 (44%). Northern blot and in situ hybridization analyses revealed that GPR54 is expressed in brain regions (pons, midbrain, thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, cortex, frontal cortex, and striatum) as well as peripheral regions (liver and intestine). In COS cell expression of GPR54 no specific binding was observed for 125I-galanin. A recent BLAST search with the rat GPR54 ORF nucleotide sequence recovered the human orthologue of GPR54 in a 3.5 Mb contig localized to chromosome 19p13.3. Copyright (C) 1999 Federation of European Biochemical Societies.
Li, J, Bakoss, SL, Samali, B & Ye, L 1999, 'Reinforcement of concrete beam–column connections with hybrid FRP sheet', Composite Structures, vol. 47, no. 1-4, pp. 805-812.
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Li, L, Zhu, SZ, Shen, SD, Ai, Q, Qu, ZY & Jiang, L 1999, 'Aggregation for Dynamic Load Modeling in Power System', Electric Power Automation Equipment, no. 4, pp. 6-10.
Li, Q, Cao, H, Li, G, Li, S & Liu, D 1999, 'Optimal design of wind-induced vibration control of tall buildings and high-rise structures', Wind and Structures, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 69-83.
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The most common used control device on tall buildings and high-rise structures is active and passive tuned mass damper (ATMD and TMD). The major advantages of ATMD and TMD are discussed. The existing installations of various passive/active control devices on real structures are listed. A set of parameter optimization methods is proposed to determine optimal parameters of passive tuned mass dampers under wind excitation. Simplified formulas for determining the optimal parameters are proposed so that the design of a TMD can be carried out easily. Optimal design of wind-induced vibration control of frame structures is investigated. A thirty-story tall building is used as an example to demonstrate the procedure and to verify the efficiency of ATMD and TMD with the optimal parameters.
Li, QS, Fang, JQ & Liu, DK 1999, 'Evaluation of structural dynamic responses by stochastic finite element method', Structural Engineering and Mechanics, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 477-490.
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Li, QS, Liu, DK & Fang, JQ 1999, 'Optimum Design of Actively Controlled Structures Using Genetic Algorithms', Advances in Structural Engineering, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 109-118.
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Optimal placement of actuators in actively controlled structures is a mixed-discrete optimization problem; it has the characteristics of nonlinear, non-continuous, and so on. For this type of optimization problem, traditional optimization methods based on mathematical programming may not be effective. In this paper, the complexity, discreteness and non-linearity of the optimal design problems of actuator placement are investigated. An optimal control algorithm and active tendon controllers are applied to control the response of a 16-storey building under earthquake loads. A mathematical model of optimal actuator configuration is established. Based on the special optimization problem of actuator configuration in an actively controlled structure, a modified genetic algorithm is presented and applied to solve the problems. A design procedure/method is presented for this kind of optimization problem, and the suitability of this method for the optimization problem is investigated. The numerical calculation and analysis are carried out for the building controlled by active tendon control mechanisms, and the results are discussed and analyzed in detail.
Li, QS, Liu, DK, Fang, JQ, Jeary, AP & Wong, CK 1999, 'Using neural networks to model and predict amplitude dependent damping in buildings', Wind and Structures, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 25-40.
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In this paper, artificial neural networks, a new kind of intelligent method, are employed to model and predict amplitude dependent damping in buildings based on our full-scale measurements of buildings. The modelling method and procedure using neural networks to model the damping are studied. Comparative analysis of different neural network models of damping, which includes multi-layer perception network (MLP), recurrent neural network, and general regression neural network (GRNN), is performed and discussed in detail. The performances of the models are evaluated and discussed by tests and predictions including self-test, `one-lag' prediction and `multi-lag' prediction of the damping values at high amplitude levels. The established models of damping are used to predict the damping in the following three ways: (1) the model is established by part of the data measured from one building and is used to predict the another part of damping values which are always difficult to obtain from field measurements: the values at the high amplitude level. (2) The model is established by the damping data measured from one building and is used to predict the variation curve of damping for another building. And (3) the model is established by the data measured from more than one buildings and is used to predict the variation curve of damping for another building. The prediction results are discussed.
LIN, C-T, NEIN, H-W & LIN, W-C 1999, 'A SPACE-TIME DELAY NEURAL NETWORK FOR MOTION RECOGNITION AND ITS APPLICATION TO LIPREADING', International Journal of Neural Systems, vol. 09, no. 04, pp. 311-334.
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Motion recognition has received increasing attention in recent years owing to heightened demand for computer vision in many domains, including the surveillance system, multimodal human computer interface, and traffic control system. Most conventional approaches classify the motion recognition task into partial feature extraction and time-domain recognition subtasks. However, the information of motion resides in the space-time domain instead of the time domain or space domain independently, implying that fusing the feature extraction and classification in the space and time domains into a single framework is preferred. Based on this notion, this work presents a novel Space-Time Delay Neural Network (STDNN) capable of handling the space-time dynamic information for motion recognition. The STDNN is unified structure, in which the low-level spatiotemporal feature extraction and high-level space-time-domain recognition are fused. The proposed network possesses the spatiotemporal shift-invariant recognition ability that is inherited from the time delay neural network (TDNN) and space displacement neural network (SDNN), where TDNN and SDNN are good at temporal and spatial shift-invariant recognition, respectively. In contrast to multilayer perceptron (MLP), TDNN, and SDNN, STDNN is constructed by vector-type nodes and matrix-type links such that the spatiotemporal information can be accurately represented in a neural network. Also evaluated herein is the performance of the proposed STDNN via two experiments. The moving Arabic numerals (MAN) experiment simulates the object's free movement in the space-time domain on image sequences. According to these results, STDNN possesses a good generalization ability with respect to the spatiotemporal shift-invariant recognition. In the lipreading experiment, STDNN recognizes the lip motions based on the inputs of real image sequences. This observation confirms that STDNN yields a better performance than the existing TDNN-b...
Lin, C-T, Nein, H-W & Lin, W-F 1999, 'SPEAKER ADAPTATION OF FUZZY-PERCEPTRON-BASED SPEECH RECOGNITION', International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems, vol. 07, no. 01, pp. 1-30.
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In this paper, we propose a speech recognition algorithm which utilizes hidden Markov models (HMM) and Viterbi algorithm for segmenting the input speech sequence, such that the variable-dimensional speech signal is converted into a fixed-dimensional speech signal, called TN vector. We then use the fuzzy perceptron to generate hyperplanes which separate patterns of each class from the others. The proposed speech recognition algorithm is easy for speaker adaptation when the idea of 'supporting pattern' is used. The supporting patterns are those patterns closest to the hyperplane. When a recognition error occurs, we include all the TN vectors of the input speech sequence with respect to the segmentations of all HMM models as the supporting patterns. The supporting patterns are then used by the fuzzy perceptron to tune the hyperplane that can cause correct recognition, and also tune the hyperplane that resulted in wrong recognition. Since only two hyperplane need to be tuned for a recognition error, the proposed adaptation scheme is time-economic and suitable for on-line adaptation. Although the adaptation scheme cannot ensure to correct the wrong recognition right after adaptation, the hyperplanes are tuned in the direction for correct recognition iteratively and the speed of adaptation can be adjusted by a 'belief' parameter set by the user. Several examples are used to show the performance of the proposed speech recognition algorithm and the speaker adaptation scheme.
Liu, Y-K & Zhang, G-Q 1999, 'On the completeness of fuzzy measure-space', Fuzzy Sets and Systems, vol. 102, no. 2, pp. 345-351.
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Loganathan, P, Louie, K, Lee, J, Hedley, MJ, Roberts, AHC & Longhurst, RD 1999, 'A model to predict kidney and liver cadmium concentrations in grazing animals', NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 423-432.
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Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in the kidneys and liver of older grazing animals is a major concern in New Zealand and Australian agriculture. Use of phosphate fertilisers containing high Cd concentration is the main cause of this accumulation. A simple mathematical model running in a user-friendly computer package was developed to predict annual accumulation of Cd in kidneys and liver of animals grazing pastures of known herbage Cd concentration and phosphate fertiliser history. Results from the model showed that kidney and liver Cd concentration of sheep were most sensitive to fertiliser Cd concentration, moderately sensitive to pasture ingestion rate, and least sensitive to soil ingestion rate. The model was validated using kidney Cd data from a farmlet-scale sheep-grazing trial. Kidney Cd concentrations predicted by the model were strongly correlated with measured mean kidney Cd concentrations. The relationship between the measured and predicted Cd concentrations is not statistically different from the 1:1 relationship indicating that the model can explain the variation in the measured mean kidney Cd concentration. © 1999 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Loganathan, P, Payn, TW, Mitchell, AD & Tillman, RW 1999, 'A sequential extraction method for the determination of dissolution of magnesium from fertilizers applied to pumice soils', COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS, vol. 30, no. 1-2, pp. 199-211.
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A major factor controlling the effectiveness of magnesium (Mg) fertilizers in correcting Mg deficiency in crops is their rate of dissolution in soils. The commonly used method of determining the rate of dissolution of fertilizers by measuring the increase in dissolved Mg in soils under field conditions can lead to errors because part of the dissolved Mg would normally be lost from the site of application by plant uptake and leaching. A more accurate method of estimating the rate of dissolution is to determine the amount of undissolved Mg and subtract it from the amount of Mg applied. A simple sequential extraction method was developed to measure the undissolved Mg in soils treated with a range of fertilizers with different solubilities. The method consisted of two 30-minute extractions of a soil sample with 0.5M BaCl2-TEA, pH 8.2 to determine dissolved Mg in the sample followed by a 1- hour extraction with 0.5M HCl to determine difficulty-soluble or slow- release Mg, and finally an 18-hour extraction with 2M HCl to determine undissolved Mg. The method gave nearly a 100% recovery of Mg applied in fertilizers to two pumice soils (Vitrands). The rates of dissolution of the fertilizers in the two soils were in the order of Epsom salts = fine magnesium oxide (calcined magnesite) > coarse magnesium oxide (calcined magnesite), coarse partially acidulated magnesium oxide (Granmag(TM)), free dolomitic limestone > fused magnesium phosphate.
Lovatt, HC & Watterson, PA 1999, 'Energy stored in permanent magnets', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 35, no. 1 PART 2, pp. 505-507.
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There has been some confusion over the energy stored in a permanent magnet, with many texts and some finite element packages giving incorrect values. We demonstrate the correct formulation, under both normal operation and partial demagnetization, and discuss the physical meaning of stored energy in a permanent magnet. © 1999 IEEE.
Lovatt, HC & Watterson, PA 1999, 'Energy stored in permanent magnets', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 505-507.
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There has been some confusion over the energy stored in a permanent magnet, with many texts and some finite element packages giving incorrect values. We demonstrate the correct formulation, under both normal operation and partial demagnetization, and dis
Maini, CL, de Notaristefani, F, Tofani, A, Iacopi, F, Sciuto, R, Semprebene, A, Malatesta, T, Vittori, F, Frezza, F, Botti, C, Giunta, S & Natali, PG 1999, '99mTc-MIBI scintimammography using a dedicated nuclear mammograph.', J Nucl Med, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 46-51.
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UNLABELLED: This study reports on a prototype single-photon emission mammograph (SPEM) dedicated to 99mTc-hexakis-2-methoxyisobutile isonitrile (MIBI) scintimammography. Main technical features are reported together with physical performance. Preliminary patient data are also reported. METHODS: The SPEM detector head is composed of a CsI(T1) scintillating array coupled to a Hamamatsu R3292 position-sensitive photomultiplier tube with crossed-wire anode. The high-resolution collimator is 35-mm thick with a 1.7-mm hole diameter and a 0.2-mm septal thickness. The electronic acquisition system is composed of five integrated cards with computation based on high-speed programmable microprocessors. The readout electronics include correction maps for on-line energy correction and spatial uniformity. The small size of the detector head allows the use of mechanical breast compression to minimize detection distance and tissue scatter. After physical SPEM performance evaluation in vivo scintimammography was performed in 29 patients and was compared with a state-of-the-art Anger camera. RESULTS: The SPEM showed an intrinsic spatial resolution of 2 mm, an energy resolution of 23% FWHM at 122 keV and spatial uniformities of 18% (integral) and 13.5% (differential). The SPEM imaged one 0.4-cm carcinoma missed by the Anger camera and resolved as separate lumps an irregular focal uptake on the Anger camera image. The remaining cases yielded concordant results. CONCLUSION: The SPEM prototype presented in this study shows adequate physical characteristics for 99mTc-MIBI scintimammography.
Marjanovic, O 1999, 'Learning and teaching in a synchronous collaborative environment.', J. Comput. Assist. Learn., vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 129-138.
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Marjanovic, O & Orlowska, ME 1999, 'On Modeling and Verification of Temporal Constraints in Production Workflows.', Knowl. Inf. Syst., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 157-192.
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Matta, I, Bestavros, A & Krunz, M 1999, 'Load Profiling Based Routing for Guaranteed Bandwidth Flows', European Transactions on Telecommunications, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 165-181.
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McLaughlan, RG & Kirkpatrick, D 1999, 'A decision making simulation using computer mediated communication', Australasian Journal of Educational Technology (Online), vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 242-256.
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Simulations can be used to familiarise participants with the complexities of decision making and negotiation. The infusion of computer mediated communication strategies with simulation offers the potential for creating educationally rewarding learning experiences in a cost effective, flexible and realistic manner. A simulation using electronic dialogue about decision making processes at a hypothetical contaminated site has been developed and evaluated. The simulation was found to be an effective tool for supporting learning about the social, political, economic and scientific dimensions involved in managing contaminated sites. The participants particularly valued the opportunity for negotiation and communication skill development within the simulation. The use of a facilitated group reflection process improved learning outcomes. This was evidenced by higher order learning assessed from a SOLO analysis of reflective essays. While electronic dialogue using group discussion software was an extremely useful communication strategy, face to face meetings were required at critical points in the simulation. These were in the introductory part of the simulation and the debriefing phase.
Mitchell, AD, Loganathan, P, Payn, TW & Tillman, RW 1999, 'Effect of calcined magnesite on soil and Pinus radiata foliage magnesium in pumice soils of New Zealand', AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL RESEARCH, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 545-560.
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Magnesium (Mg) deficiency is common in a number of forest regions in the world. It has been linked to a condition in P. radiata called 'upper mid crown yellowing' (UMCY) in New Zealand and 'new type forest decline' in Europe. Mg concentrations are low in many of New Zealand's forest soils. With increases in the number of rotations and increased growth rates through tree breeding, Mg deficiency is expected to increase. This study was conducted to determine the fate of calcined magnesite (calmag) fertiliser applied at 150 kg Mg/ha at 2 sites in the Kaingaroa Forest near Rotorua, New Zealand. It also investigated the effectiveness of calmag in increasing the soil solution and soil exchangeable Mg in pumice soils and Mg concentrations in the pine needles, and in reducing the likelihood of UMCY 2 and 3 years after fertiliser application. In both sites and for both years of sampling the application of calmag fertiliser resulted in a significant increase in soil exchangeable and soil solution Mg in the 0-5 cm soil layer. Soil and soil solution pH had also been increased in the top 5 cm soil layer. Two years after application about 90% of the fertiliser applied had dissolved and about 70-80% of the Mg remained in a plant-available form (ammonium acetate exchangeable Mg) in the top 10 cm of soil. Calculations suggest that 3-10% of applied fertiliser had been lost due to leaching. Magnesium fertiliser application also resulted in significant reduction in the exchangeable K:Mg ratio and reduced exchangeable Al in the 0-5 cm soil layer. After 3 years, foliar Mg concentrations increased at all sites in the fertilised trees compared with the control trees, although differences were not yet significant. UMCY severity in the trees was also not significantly affected by the application of Mg fertiliser.
Oppermann, I, vanRooyen, P & Kohno, R 1999, 'Guest editorial spread spectrum for global communications I', IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 17, no. 12, pp. 2069-2073.
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Parry, JJ, Burnett, IS & Chicharo, JF 1999, 'Linguistic mapping in LSF space for low-bit rate coding', 1999 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing. Proceedings. ICASSP99 (Cat. No.99CH36258), vol. 2, pp. 653-656.
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Parry, JJ, Burnett, IS & Chicharo, JF 1999, 'The use of LSF-based phonetic classification in low-rate coder design', 1999 IEEE Workshop on Speech Coding Proceedings. Model, Coders, and Error Criteria (Cat. No.99EX351), pp. 49-51.
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Peregrine, DH, Kandasamy, JK, Hager, WH & Montes, JS 1999, ''Transition to a free-surface flow at the end of a horizontal conduit'', JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC RESEARCH, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 136-144.
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Sawzdargo, M, Nguyen, T, Lee, DK, Lynch, KR, Cheng, R, Heng, HHQ, George, SR & O'Dowd, BF 1999, 'Identification and cloning of three novel human G protein-coupled receptor genes GPR52, ΨGPR53 and GPR55: GPR55 is extensively expressed in human brain', Molecular Brain Research, vol. 64, no. 2, pp. 193-198.
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The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family share a structural motif of seven transmembrane segments with large numbers of conserved residues in those regions. Here, we report the identification and cloning of two novel human intronless GPCR genes, GPR52, GPR55 and a pseudogene ΨGPR53. GPR55 was identified from the expressed sequence tags (EST) database whereas GPR52 and pseudogene ΨGPR53 originated from the high throughput genome (HTG) database. A partial cDNA clone obtained from the IMAGE Consortium of GPR55 was used to screen a human genomic library to acquire the full length gene. GPR52 and ΨGPR53 were amplified from human genomic DNA using primers based on the HTG sequences. GPR55 and GPR52 encode receptors of 319 and 361 amino acids, respectively. GPR55 gene was mapped to chromosome 2q37, using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and its mRNA transcripts have been detected in the caudate nucleus and putamen, but not in five other brain regions. Human receptors showing the highest amino acid identity to GPR55 include P2Y5 (29%), GPR23 (30%), GPR35 (27%) and CCR4 (23%). GPR52 gene localized to chromosome 1q24 shares the highest identity with GPR21 (71%), histamine H2 (27%) and 5-HT4 (26%) human receptors. ΨGPR53 is a pseudogene mapped to chromosome 6p21 that demonstrates the highest similarity to the MRG (35%), MAS (28%) and C5a (24%) human receptor genes.
Scheding, S, Dissanayake, G, Nebot, EM & Durrant-Whyte, H 1999, 'An experiment in autonomous navigation of an underground mining vehicle', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 85-95.
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This paper describes the theoretical development and experimental evaluation of a navigation system for an autonomous load, haul, and dump truck (LHD) based on the results obtained during extensive in-situ field trials. The particular contributions of th
Sheng, D & Smith, DW 1999, 'Analytic solutions to the advective contaminant transport equation with non-linear sorption', International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, vol. 23, no. 9, pp. 853-879.
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Shoudong Huang, Lam, J, Guang-Hong Yang & Siying Zhang 1999, 'Fault tolerant decentralized H/sub ∞/ control for symmetric composite systems', IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 44, no. 11, pp. 2108-2114.
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Stepanov, DY, Canning, J, Poladian, L, Wyatt, R, Maxwell, G, Smith, R & Kashyap, R 1999, 'Apodized distributed-feed back fiber laser', OPTICAL FIBER TECHNOLOGY, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 209-214.
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Stewart, MG & Attard, MM 1999, 'Reliability and Model Accuracy for High-Strength Concrete Column Design', Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 125, no. 3, pp. 290-300.
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Ultimate strength limit state provisions of the LRFD code ACI 318-95 are based largely on code-calibration considerations. Calibration exercises to date have been restricted to normal-strength concretes (NSC). The present paper calculates structural reliabilities of NSC and high-strength concrete (HSC) short columns sized to existing and proposed concrete rectangular stress block design models. Model errors for existing and proposed design models are presented also. It was found that the reliabilities of NSC and HSC short columns designed to ACI 318-95 are relatively consistent, and that the rectangular stress block design model proposed by the writers is the most accurate design model. Compared with all proposed design models, the reliabilities of NSC and HSC short columns designed to the writers' design model are the most consistent, though at a reliability slightly higher than that currently obtained for NSC columns designed to ACI 318-95. A strength reduction factor increase to 0.8 is proposed for the writer's design model so that existing safety indices would be met. The alternative is to use the existing ACI 318 rectangular stress block (which is a poorer predictor model) with the current strength reduction factor of 0.7. Both give consistent safety indices. The results can be subject to a number of interpretations, particularly since they relate to potential change to an existing code and the various implications that this may have. As such, issues relating to code development are discussed.
Stewart, MG & Val, DV 1999, 'Role of Load History in Reliability-Based Decision Analysis of Aging Bridges', Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 125, no. 7, pp. 776-783.
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Bridges deteriorate with time due to aggressive environments and are subject to ever-increasing traffic loads. This results in reduction of their reliability, which may eventually fall below an acceptable level. A successful proof load reduces the uncertainty associated with resistance of the bridge and so increases its reliability. Also, if a bridge has survived for T years of service, its resistance is higher than any of the prior imposed loads and so is influenced by its load history. Thus, the reliability of service-proven (i.e., older) bridges would increase. However, the influence of deterioration and increases in traffic loads may negate this expected increase. The paper considers the effects of load history (proof loads and prior service loads) on the reliability of aging bridges. The influence of bridge age and the magnitude of proof loads on updated estimates of bridge reliability is examined. It was found that proof load testing may not be cost effective if the costs of bridge failure (unsuccessful test) and the test itself are considered in a preliminary risk-cost-benefit analysis. The influence of prior service loads on the reliability of existing bridges significantly increased annual bridge reliabilities. The reliability-based approach presented in the paper provides an improved decision-making framework for the assessment of aging bridges.
Sundaravadivel, M, Vigneswaran, S & Doeleman, JA 1999, 'Waste management in semi-urban areas of India: appropriate technological strategies to overcome financial barriers', Environmental Engineering and Policy, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 91-104.
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The public health and environmental pollution problems due to inadequate treatment and inappropriate disposal of liquid and solid wastes generated in small and medium towns (referred to as semi-urban areas) of India receive insufficient attention. A field study of four towns in the State of Tamil Nadu was conducted to evaluate the current waste management practices in such semi-urban areas (SUAs). The study reveals that financial barriers for waste management arise due to a combination of policy and technological constraints. Based on the results of a preliminary waste characterization study and other observations made during the field study, reed bed channels and a semi-mechanized aerobic windrow composting process for the treatment of wastewater and municipal solid wastes, respectively, are recommended as appropriate technological options. The recommended technologies utilize existing arrangements for waste disposal, and aid an integrated resource recovery and reuse strategy that takes advantage of the geographic location and socioeconomic characteristics of SUAs to achieve lower waste management costs. Financial viability of the recommended technological approach is demonstrated through a comparative evaluation of competing treatment systems, and an estimation of costs and recoverable benefits resulting from waste reuse.
Tellambura, C, Johnson, IR, Guo, YJ & Barton, SK 1999, 'Frequency-offset estimation for HIPERLAN', IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 47, no. 8, pp. 1137-1139.
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Frequency-offset correction is considered for a HIPERLAN (HIgh-PErformance Radio LAN) system over the indoor radio channel. Since the multipath channel response is not known a priori, a viable frequency-offset estimator should not depend on such knowledge. Such an estimator, using a single sample per symbol, is derived for HIPERLAN. The estimator is shown to approach the Cramer-Rao bound for frequency-offset estimation over a multipath channel. A HIPERLAN system simulation example shows that the performance with an offset of 150 kHz is within 0.5 dB of that of a system with zero frequency offset.
Tellambura, C, Parker, MG, Guo, YJ, Shepherd, SJ & Barton, SK 1999, 'Optimal sequences for channel estimation using discrete Fourier transform techniques', IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 230-238.
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Tipper, JL 1999, 'Quantitative analysis of the wear and wear debris from low and high carbon content cobalt chrome alloys used in metal on metal total hip replacements', Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 353-362.
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Veitch, D & Abry, P 1999, 'A wavelet-based joint estimator of the parameters of long-range dependence', IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 878-897.
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Verma, B, Blumenstein, M & Kulkarni, S 1999, 'A New Compression Technique Using an Artificial Neural Network', Journal of Intelligent Systems, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 39-53.
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In this paper, we present a direct solution method based neural network for image compression. The proposed technique includes steps to break down large images into smaller windows and eliminate redundant information. Furthermore, the technique employs a neural network that is trained by a non-iterative, direct solution method. An error backpropagation algorithm is also used to train the neural network, and both training algorithms are compared. The proposed technique has been implemented in C on the SP2 Supercomputer. A number of experiments have been conducted. The results obtained, such as compression ratio and transfer time of the compressed images are presented in this paper.
Vigneswaran, S & Moon, H 1999, 'Phosphorus removal by slag: experiments and mathematical modeling', Adsorption And Its Applications In Industry And Environmental Protection, Vol Ii Applications In Environmental Protection, vol. 120, pp. 533-569.
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Vigneswaran, S, Jegatheesan, V & Visvanathan, C 1999, 'Industrial waste minimization initiatives in Thailand: concepts, examples and pilot scale trials', Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 43-47.
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Industrial waste pollution control is a major issue in waste management. To comply with the specific effluent standards, industries are forced to treat their waste before discharge. This is neither a cost effective nor an environmentally friendly solution. The first part of this paper presents different techniques by which the waste minimization can be achieved with examples. The second part of the paper highlights the waste minimization efforts made in three different types of industries, namely paper and pulp, tapioca starch and palm oil
Voinov, A & Costanza, R 1999, 'Watershed management and the Web', Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 231-245.
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Voinov, A, Costanza, R, Wainger, L, Boumans, R, Villa, F, Maxwell, T & Voinov, H 1999, 'Patuxent landscape model: integrated ecological economic modeling of a watershed', Environmental Modelling & Software, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 473-491.
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Voinov, AA, Voinov, H & Costanza, R 1999, 'Surface water flow in landscape models: 2. Patuxent watershed case study', Ecological Modelling, vol. 119, no. 2-3, pp. 211-230.
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Wang, J & Yan, H 1999, 'Mending broken handwriting with a macrostructure analysis method to improve recognition', Pattern Recognition Letters, vol. 20, no. 8, pp. 855-864.
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Abstract: Broken characters always create problems in handwriting recognition systems, especially those using boundary and/or skeleton information. This paper presents a macrostructure analysis (MSA) mending method based on skeleton and boundary information and an MSA that investigates the stroke tending direction and other properties of handwritings. A new skeleton end extension algorithm is introduced, which compensates the defectiveness of the skeletonization algorithm and obtains a satisfactory skeleton. When combined with suitable parameters, improved performance from a handwriting classifier is achieved. The experimental results from over 13000 numerals show the efficiency and robustness of the proposed method, raising recognition rates by over 10% for broken handwritten digits, from 74.8% to 86.4%.
Wijesoma, WS, Kodagoda, KRS & Teoh, EK 1999, 'Un-coupled fuzzy controller for longitudinal and lateral control of a golf car-like AGV', IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Proceedings, ITSC, pp. 142-147.
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The development of techniques for lateral and longitudinal control of vehicles has become an important and active research topic in the face of emerging markets for advanced AGVs and mobile robots. The primary focus is on the development of an intelligent control scheme, which is insensitive to parametric uncertainty, load and parameter fluctuations and most importantly amenable to real time implementation. We have reviewed promising control schemes for steering and speed control of mobile robots. In this paper, we present an effective uncoupled direct fuzzy PD/PI control scheme for a particular outdoor AGV, which is a converted electrically powered golf-car. The controller performance is assessed against the required performance criteria and another nonlinear technique, viz. the computed torque technique (CTT).
Wu, C, Hao, H & Zhou, Y 1999, 'Fuzzy-random probabilistic analysis of rock mass responses to explosive loads', Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 205-225.
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Wu, C, Hao, H, Ma, G & Zhou, Y 1999, 'Dynamic response analysis of rock mass with stochastic properties subjected to explosive loads', Fragblast, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 137-153.
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This paper carries out probabilistic analysis of dynamic responses of rock mass under blast loads. Statistical analysis of the initial damage and strength constants of the rock mass is performed by using both the field and laboratory test data. The initial damage of the rock mass is found having the beta distribution, while the critical tensile strain has the normal distribution. These statistical properties are incorporated into the constitutive law and cumulative damage model for rock mass. The statistical estimation of stress wave propagation in the rock mass due to underground explosion is evaluated by Rosenblueth's point estimate method. In numerical calculation, an isotropic continuum damage model considering both the initial damage and the cumulative damage dependent on an equivalent tensile strain is suggested to model rock mass behaviour under blast loads. The suggested models are programmed and linked to an available computer program Autodyn2D through its user's subroutine capability. Using Autodyn2D and the suggested models, stress wave propagation in rock mass with random initial damage induced by underground explosions is simulated. Numerical results of damaged area, peak particle velocity and acceleration attenuation as well as acceleration time histories in the rock mass are compared with those from independent field tests. The effects of statistical variations of initial damage and critical tensile strain of the rock mass on its dynamic responses are also discussed.
Ying, M 1999, 'Phase semantics for a pure noncommutative linear propositional logic.', J. Comput. Sci. Technol., vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 135-139.
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We use a many-sorted language to remove commutativity from phase semantics of linear logic and show that pure noncommutative intuitionistic linear propositional logic plus two classical rules enjoys the soundness and completeness with respect to completely noncommutative phase semantics.
Ying, M 1999, 'Topology in process calculus (I): Limit behaviour of agents.', J. Comput. Sci. Technol., vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 328-336.
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As part of a work aimed at constructing natural topologies on agent expressions, the concepts of modifications on actions of a topology on names of actions and the simplest topology on agents induced by a topology on names of actions are introduced. It is shown that the limit behavior of some agents is compatible with transitional semantics.
Ying, MS 1999, 'A shorter proof to uniqueness of solutions of equations', THEORETICAL COMPUTER SCIENCE, vol. 216, no. 1-2, pp. 395-397.
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We give a very short proof of uniqueness of solutions of equations regarding observation congruence, the main notion of equality, over Milner's process calculus. (C) 1999-Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Ying, MS 1999, 'Perturbation of fuzzy reasoning', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON FUZZY SYSTEMS, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 625-629.
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We propose the concepts of maximum and average perturbations of fuzzy sets and estimate maximum and average perturbation parameters for various methods of fuzzy reasoning.
Zhou, JL 1999, 'Treating China's water crisis', Chemistry and Industry (London), no. 8, pp. 309-311.
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Low rainfall in some areas, coupled with water wastage and high levels of pollution, is leading China to the brink of a major water crisis.
Zhou, JL 1999, 'Zn biosorption by Rhizopus arrhizus and other fungi', Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 686-693.
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Zhou, JL, Fileman, TW, Evans, S, Donkin, P, Readman, JW, Mantoura, RFC & Rowland, S 1999, 'The partition of fluoranthene and pyrene between suspended particles and dissolved phase in the Humber Estuary: a study of the controlling factors', Science of The Total Environment, vol. 243-244, pp. 305-321.
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Zhou, JL, Fileman, TW, House, WA, Long, JLA, Mantoura, RFC, Meharg, AA, Osborn, D & Wright, J 1999, 'Fluxes of Organic Contaminants from the River Catchment into, through and out of the Humber Estuary, UK', Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 37, no. 3-7, pp. 330-342.
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Zhu, JG, Zhong, JJ, Ramsden, VS & Guo, YG 1999, 'Power losses of soft magnetic composite materials under two-dimensional excitation', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 85, no. 8 II A, pp. 4403-4405.
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Soft magnetic composite materials produced by powder metallurgy techniques can be very useful for construction of low cost small motors. However, the rotational core losses and the corresponding B-H relationships of soft magnetic composite materials with two-dimensional rotating fluxes have neither been supplied by the manufacturers nor reported in the literature. This article reports the core loss measurement of a soft magnetic composite material, SOMALOY™ 500, Höganäs AB, Sweden, under two-dimensional excitations. The principle of measurement, testing system, and power loss calculation are presented. The results are analyzed and discussed. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
Zhu, JG, Zhong, JJ, Ramsden, VS & Guo, YG 1999, 'Power losses of soft magnetic composite materials under two-dimensional excitation', JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, vol. 85, no. 8, pp. 4403-4405.
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Soft magnetic composite materials produced by powder metallurgy techniques can be very useful for construction of low cost small motors. However, the rotational core losses and the corresponding B-H relationships of soft magnetic composite materials with
Zhu, S, Shen, S, Zheng, Y, Li, L, Al, Q & Qu, Z 1999, 'Evolutionary programming algorithm for load modeling and parameter identification', Qinghua Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Tsinghua University, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 37-40.
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This paper proposes an evolutionary programming (EP) algorithm applying to load modeling and parameter identification. Compared with conventional methods, EP algorithm is a search method that can be used for nonlinear and discontinuous problems. Cases of both static and dynamic load data from field experiments are studied. For static load modeling the identification result of EP method is better than that of the least square method. It can be used for different kinds of static load models with minor modification; which shows its universality. The exact and robust results show the advantage of this method in dynamic load modeling and parameter identification.
ZHU, XQ & LAW, SS 1999, 'MOVING FORCES IDENTIFICATION ON A MULTI-SPAN CONTINUOUS BRIDGE', Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 228, no. 2, pp. 377-396.
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Zoysa, AKN, Loganathan, P & Hedley, MJ 1999, 'Phosphorus utilisation efficiency and depletion of phosphate fractions in the rhizosphere of three tea (Camellia sinensis L.) clones', NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 189-201.
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Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) is mostly grown on highly weathered acidic Ultisols in the humid and sub-humid tropics. Phosphorus (P) availability in Ultisols is naturally low due to it's low diffusivity caused by high P-fixation of Fe and Al oxides. Tea is generally fertilised with low-cost reactive phosphate rocks (RPR) because of enhanced solubility of RPR under acidic conditions. In many countries, new tea clones have been developed to improve yield, drought tolerance and resistance to pest and diseases, but the effectiveness of these clones in utilising P from RPR and native soil P forms has not been studied. A study was conducted to investigate the effects of triple superphosphate (TSP) and a sparingly soluble phosphate rock (Eppawala phosphate rock, EPR) on plant P uptake and soil P fractions in the rhizosphere of three tea clones developed in Sri Lanka (S 106, TRI 2023 and TRI 2025). Phosphate uptake by TRI 2023 (3.3 ± 0.02 mg P plant-1) and TRI 2025 (2.6 ± 0.08 mg P plant-1) was significantly greater than S 106 (1.1 ± 0.01 mg P plant-1) for both P treatments. However the type of P fertiliser did not show any significant difference in P uptake by any of the clones. In all tea clones, the rhizosphere soil pH decreased significantly compared to that of the bulk soil in both P fertiliser treatments. The decrease of pH near the rhizoplane (0-0.5 mm) for TRI 2023, TRI 2025 and S 106 were 0.30 ± 0.02, 0.19 ± 0.03 and 0.17 ± 0.05 respectively. Dissolution of EPR in the rhizosphere of TRI 2023 and TRI 2025 was greater than S 106, which could be attributed to enhanced H+ efflux. TRI 2023 and TRI 2025 depleted more resin-P, NaOH-P(i) and H2SO4-P(i) in the rhizosphere compared to S 106, which is consistent with the P uptake results. NaOH-P(o) accumulated in the rhizosphere of all clones suggesting that soluble inorganic P was transformed into organic P forms possibly as a result of increased microbial activity in the rhizosphere. TRI 2023 and TRI 2025 showed a higher ex...
Alem, L, Quinn, CN & Eklund, J 1970, 'Learning Effectiveness Assessment: A principle-based framework', ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN EDUCATION, 9th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AI-ED 99), I O S PRESS, LE MANS, FRANCE, pp. 597-599.
Bangun, RA, Dutkiewicz, E & Anido, GJ 1970, 'An analysis of multi-player network games traffic', 1999 IEEE Third Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (Cat. No.99TH8451), 1999 IEEE Third Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (Cat. No.99TH8451), IEEE.
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Beydoun, G & Hoffmann, A 1970, 'A Formal Framework of Ripple Down Rules'.
Beydoun, G & Hoffmann, A 1970, 'Hierarchical Incremental Knowledge Acquisition Knowledge'.
Beydoun, G & Hoffmann, AG 1970, 'Holism and Incremental Knowledge Acquisition.', EKAW, Springer, pp. 309-314.
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1999. Human experts tend to introduce intermediate terms in giving their explanations. The expert’s explanation of such terms is operational for the context that triggered the explanation, however term definitions remain often incomplete. Further, the expert’s (re) use of these terms is hierarchical (similar to natural language). In this paper, we argue that a hierarchical incremental knowledge acquisition process that captures the expert terms and operationalises these terms while incompletely defined makes the KA task more effective. Towards this we present our knowledge representation formalism Nested Ripple Down Rules (NRDR) that is a substantial extension to the Ripple Down Rule (RDR) KA framework. It allows simultaneous incremental modelling and knowledge acquisition. In this paper we analyse the conditions under which RDR converges towards the target knowledge base (KB). We will also show that the extra maintenance cost of an NRDR KB is minimal, and that the maintenance of NRDR requires similar effort to maintaining RDR for most of the KB development cycle.
Blazkiewicz, P, Xu, W, Wong, D, Canning, J, Åslund, M & Town, G 1970, 'Experimental Demonstration of Carbon-Dioxide Laser-Assisted Poling of Optical Fibers', Optics InfoBase Conference Papers, pp. 393-396.
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A carbon-dioxide laser is used as a rapid heat source to thermally pole optical fibers. Significant electrooptic coefficients are achieved within seconds.
Blazkiewicz, P, Xu, W, Wong, D, Canning, J, Åslund, M & Town, G 1970, 'Experimental Demonstration of Carbon-Dioxide Laser-Assisted Poling of Optical Fibers', Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Waveguides, Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Waveguides, OSA.
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Blumenstein, M & Verma, B 1970, 'A new segmentation algorithm for handwritten word recognition', IJCNN'99. International Joint Conference on Neural Networks. Proceedings (Cat. No.99CH36339), International Conference on Neural Networks, IEEE, pp. 2893-2898.
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An algorithm for segmenting unconstrained printed and cursive words is proposed. The algorithm initially over-segments handwritten word images (for training and testing) using heuristics and feature detection. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is then trained with global features extracted from segmentation points found in words designated for training. Segmentation points located in `test' word images are subsequently extracted and verified using the trained ANN. Two major sets of experiments were conducted, resulting in segmentation accuracies of 75.06% and 76.52%. The handwritten words used for experimentation were taken from the CEDAR CD-ROM. The results obtained for segmentation can easily be used for comparison with other researchers using the same benchmark database.
Blumenstein, M & Verma, B 1970, 'Neural-based solutions for the segmentation and recognition of difficult handwritten words from a benchmark database', Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition. ICDAR '99 (Cat. No.PR00318), Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition. ICDAR '99 (Cat. No.PR00318), IEEE, pp. 281-284.
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© 1999 IEEE. A new intelligent segmentation technique is proposed that may be used in conjunction with a neural classifier and a simple lexicon for the recognition of difficult handwritten words. A heuristic segmentation algorithm is initially used to over-segment each word. An artificial neural network (ANN) trained with 32,034 segmentation points is then used to verify the validity of the segmentation points found. Following segmentation, character matrices from each word are extracted, normalised and then passed through a global feature extractor, after which a second ANN trained with segmented characters is used for classification. These recognised characters are grouped into words and presented to a variable-length lexicon that utilises a string processing algorithm to compare and retrieve those words with the highest confidences. This research provides promising results for segmentation, character and word recognition.
Brennan, J 1970, 'Spatial Universals as the Human Spatial Notion', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 90-96.
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1999. Peirce (CP 2.753) suggests that humans possess an inherited notion of space, which amongst other notions allows them to adapt to the environment. This paper discusses a conceptual graph approach to defining such spatial notions (i.e. spatial universals) as a finite set of canonical graphs and suggests its use to derive a potentially infinite number of canonical graphs. Our approach is illustrated by a bilingual example.
Canning, J 1970, 'Creating large anisotropy in amorphous germanosilicate glass using a novel optical engineering approach', Technical Digest. CLEO/Pacific Rim '99. Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (Cat. No.99TH8464), Technical Digest. CLEO/Pacific Rim '99, IEEE, pp. 173-174.
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© 1999 IEEE. As the demand for novel devices grows in telecommunications, there is a need to generate more flexibility in the materials that will enable these devices to come to fruition. By adding germanosilicate, there is now a range of UV and mid-IR laser processing techniques which are used to fabricate components such as Bragg gratings. However, the basis of these processing methods usually involves a change of density in the glass to achieve perturbations in the refractive index which can be accumulated along a waveguide to create a functional component. In the work described, this processing is enhanced by exploiting some of the unique transitional characteristics of glass recently highlighted as being an important factor in UV processing. This novel engineering exploits the fact that there is an effective rollover threshold between type I and type IIa processing with UV light and that it is strain dependent. In this manner the induced anisotropy is significantly larger than would otherwise be possible through simple UV-induced polarisability or geometric index changes. A buried planar waveguide device where stress conveniently already exists as compression on the waveguide core along the TE vector from the substrate is considered.
Canning, J & Åslund, M 1970, 'The Photosensitisation of Optical Waveguides', Optics InfoBase Conference Papers, pp. 254-259.
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Strong photosensitivity is locked in permanently after hydrogen out-diffusion of hydrogen loaded waveguides pre-sensitised with UV light. This relaxes the available processing times ordinarily limited by hydrogen out-diffusion. Two photorefractive mechanisms underlying the photosensitivity of hydrogen-loaded germanosilicate waveguides are identified.
Canning, J & Åslund, M 1970, 'The Photosensitisation of Optical Waveguides', Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Waveguides, Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Waveguides, OSA.
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Canning, J, Moss, D, Aslund, M & Bazylenko, M 1970, 'A study of negative index grating growth in germanosilicate planar waveguides', OPTICAL AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS, 11th Australian-Optical-Society Conference, KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL, UNIV ADELAIDE, NORTH TERRANCE, AUSTRALIA, pp. 469-480.
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Cooray, FR & Bird, TS 1970, 'Analysis of radiation from two separate axisymmetric horns using the method of moments', IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium. 1999 Digest. Held in conjunction with: USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting (Cat. No.99CH37010), IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium. 1999 Digest, IEEE, pp. 862-865.
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© 1999 IEEE. A method of moments (MoM) technique is described for analyzing the radiation from two parallel axisymmetric horns whose apertures are non-coplanar. Using the equivalence principle and appropriate boundary conditions, a set of integral equations is obtained with currents on the horn surfaces as the unknowns. These integral equations are solved by the MoM to yield the surface currents. The radiation patterns of the two horns as well as the coupling between them are calculated from these surface currents. Numerical results are presented for a pair of axisymmetric horns.
Cucchiara, R, Lamma, E, Mello, P, Milano, M & Piccardi, M 1970, '3D object recognition by VC-graphs and interactive constraint satisfaction', Proceedings 10th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing, ICIAP '99 - 10th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing, IEEE Comput. Soc, pp. 508-513.
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We propose a novel approach for recognizing 3D CAD-made objects in complex range images containing several overlapped and different objects. Objects are modeled by a graph whose nodes are surfaces and arcs are surface relations. We propose an object-centered graph model, called visual constraint graph (VC-graph), with special visual constraints modeling occlusions between object surfaces. The VC-graph is used for recognizing objects from each possible point of view, instead of evaluating many different single-view graphs. The reasoning engine is based on an original extension of the constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) paradigm, called interactive CSP (ICSP). CSP requires the acquisition of all surfaces before starting constraint propagation; instead, ICSP guides the acquisition of new surfaces only on-demand, without computing useless information and focusing attention only on significant image parts. © 1999 IEEE.
Cucchiara, R, Piccardi, M, Prati, A & Scarabottolo, N 1970, 'Real-time detection of moving vehicles', Proceedings 10th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing, ICIAP '99 - 10th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing, IEEE Comput. Soc, pp. 618-623.
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Computer vision-based traffic flow monitoring is of major importance for enforcing traffic management policies. Information such as the number of vehicles passing on a road per time unit, or vehicles' turning rates at intersections are exploited by traffic management policies to supervise traffic-light timings. Computer vision-based traffic flow monitoring requires extraction of moving vehicles from traffic scenes in real time. To accomplish this task, efficient algorithms must be used and effective, low-cost hardware implementation must be pursued. This paper first describes the algorithms used in the VTTS (vehicular traffic tracking system) to achieve segmentation of moving vehicles. Then, hardware implementation on a re-programmable FPGA-based board is described in detail. © 1999 IEEE.
Ding, GK 1970, 'MCDM and the assessment of sustainability in construction', The challenge of change: Construction and building for the new millennium, RICS conference, The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors, University of Salford, pp. 206-216.
Dong, G, Zhang, X, Wong, L & Li, J 1970, 'CAEP: Classification by Aggregating Emerging Patterns', DISCOVERY SCIENCE, PROCEEDINGS, 2nd International Conference on Discovery Science (DS 99), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, TOKYO, JAPAN, pp. 30-42.
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Dutkiewicz, E & Boustead, P 1970, 'Analysis of per-flow and aggregate QoS in scalable QoS networks', IEEE International Conference on Networks. ICON '99 Proceedings (Cat. No.PR00243), ICON'99: IEEE International Conference on Networks, IEEE Comput. Soc, pp. 289-294.
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The future Internet will support a large variety of services whose QoS requirements may vary widely. In order to provide scalable quality of service traffic aggregation may be necessary. We examine several approaches to providing scalable QoS services which includes soft QoS with relative performance guarantees, and hard performance guarantees signaled by RSVP over an aggregated cell switched core. In these approaches QoS is based on aggregate traffic. The question then arises as to what level of QoS is perceived by individual flows within the aggregate. This has an important implication on QoS guarantees which the network can make to individual users. To provide answers to the above question we analyse per-flow and aggregate QoS in an ATM virtual path (VP) which is used as an example of a cut-through handling IP flows. Using cell loss as a measure of QoS, our analysis allows us to investigate the impact of the parameters of individual flows on per-flow QoS. We then compare per-flow QoS against the QoS experienced by the aggregate flow in the VP. Based on numerical tests we find that cell loss experienced by individual flows may be very different from cell loss experienced by the aggregate flow. Thus if aggregate cell loss is used as a QoS constraint in dimensioning of VP this may lead to unfair treatment of flows and hence to potential user dissatisfaction. © 1999 IEEE.
Esselle, KP & Foroughipour, M 1970, 'FDTD analysis of an inclined microstrip patch antenna, considering field singularity at the edges', IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium. 1999 Digest. Held in conjunction with: USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting (Cat. No.99CH37010), IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium. 1999 Digest, IEEE, pp. 606-609.
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© 1999 IEEE. A rectangular microstrip patch antenna, inclined to the FDTD grid by 45°, is accurately analysed using enhanced FDTD equations for diagonal metal edges. The enhanced equations, derived by considering the singular nature of electromagnetic fields at sharp metal edges, properly model the patch with less number of FDTD cells. The same inclined patch antenna is modelled using two existing techniques as well, namely staircase and split-cell models, for comparison with enhanced equations. The resonance frequencies and the frequency response of the patch are computed using these three techniques, and are compared with a very accurate reference, which is obtained by analysing a similar patch but kept parallel to a much finer grid. It is found that the enhanced equations give extremely accurate results consistently, without any noticeable computing overhead. For example, the accuracy of the first resonance frequency using the enhanced equations is 1.1%, and that using the staircase and split-cell models is 7.1% and 3.5%, respectively. The enhanced equations are very stable, and are time-stepped at the maximum Courant limit in all simulations without any problems.
Foroughipour, M & Esselle, KP 1970, 'Modelling wave propagation in diagonal microstrip lines using enhanced FDTD equations', IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium. 1999 Digest. Held in conjunction with: USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting (Cat. No.99CH37010), IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium. 1999 Digest, IEEE, pp. 1070-1073.
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© 1999 IEEE. Wave propagation in microstrip lines not parallel to the FDTD grid is modelled accurately using enhanced FDTD equations for sharp diagonal edges. It is assumed that the metal strip is infinitely thin, and its edges are diagonal to FDTD cell faces. A microstrip line, at 60° from the grid, is analysed using enhanced equations, and the phase constant and the effective dielectric constant are computed over a wide range of frequencies. The same diagonal microstrip line is analysed using standard staircase and split-cell models. It is found that only the enhanced-equations technique generate accurate results when the grid is very coarse. For example, the error in the computed effective dielectric constant of a microstrip line at 40 GHz is 0.8%, 6.1% and 12.8%, using enhanced, split-cell and staircase techniques, respectively. The enhanced equations are found to be stable even when the time step is set to the maximum limit.
Franklin, DR & Chicharo, JF 1970, 'Paganini-a music analysis and recognition program.', ISSPA, IEEE, pp. 107-110.
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Music is an extremely rich and complex signal. With just four consecutive single notes of equal duration, a classical guitar can produce nearly four and a half million different progressions. With the addition of chords and changes in duration, these few notes can produce an enormous number of variations. Given this complexity, it is interesting to ask the question: is it possible for a computer program to extract enough information from the audio signal alone to reconstruct the original score? This paper proposes a novel approach to this problem entitled "Paganini", based on time-frequency analysis techniques and a neural network classifier. © 1999 IEEE.
Franklin, DR, Chicharo, JF & Xi, J 1970, 'A new channel model for ADSL and VDSL systems.', ISSPA, IEEE, pp. 741-744.
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This paper presents a new model for telephone lines which is intended for use in simulations of digital subscriber line (DSL) telecommunications systems. It combines the broadband filter characteristics of the line with an improved noise model, which acknowledges the fact that the point of ingress of impulse noise events may be anywhere along the length the line. Since impulse noise is a major impediment to DSL systems, such a model is expected to offer advantages over simpler models. A method for determining the parameters of this model is also proposed. © 1999 IEEE.
Gardner, AP & Goldsworthy, HM 1970, 'Moment resisting connections for composite frames', MECHANICS OF STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS, 16th Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structure and Materials, A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA, pp. 309-314.
Granet, C, Bird, TS & James, GL 1970, 'Compact low-sidelobe corrugated horn for global-Earth coverage', IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium. 1999 Digest. Held in conjunction with: USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting (Cat. No.99CH37010), IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium. 1999 Digest, IEEE, pp. 712-715.
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© 1999 IEEE. A new corrugated hom is described for providing full-earth coverage from a geostationary satellite. The horn has low-sidelobes, low cross-polarization and is very compact. We outline the design of this hom and describe its performance giving theoretical and measured results for return loss and radiation patterns.
Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Ramsden, VS 1970, 'Calculation of Cogging Torque in Claw Pole Permanent Magnet Motors', Proceedings of Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, University of Northern Territory, Darwin, Australia, pp. 343-347.
Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Ramsden, VS 1970, 'Performance Analysis and Experimental Validation of a Single Phase Claw Pole Permanent Magnet Motor with Composite Magnetic Core', Proceedings of the Third Chinese International Conference on Electrical Machines, International Academic Publishers, China, Xi'an, China, p. 182.
Guo, YG, Zhu, JG & Ramsden, VS 1970, 'Design and construction of a single phase claw pole permanent magnet motor using composite magnetic material', RENEWABLE ENERGY: TECHNOLOGIES & POLICIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, World Renewable Energy Congress, MURDOCH UNIV, PERTH, AUSTRALIA, pp. 181-186.
Hawryszkiewycz, IT 1970, 'Supporting Teams in Virtual Organizations', Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 550-559.
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Hay, SG, Bateman, DG, Bird, TS & Cooray, FR 1970, 'Simple Ka-band Earth coverage antennas for LEO satellites', IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium. 1999 Digest. Held in conjunction with: USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting (Cat. No.99CH37010), IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium. 1999 Digest, IEEE, pp. 708-711.
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© 1999 IEEE. Preliminary design of simple antennas to give approximately uniform illumination of the earth from low-earth orbit (LEO) satellites in the 20/30 GHz band is outlined. Three designs are compared for a satellite with an altitude of 800-km. As the satellite altitude decreases it becomes increasingly difficult to obtain the desired wide beamwidth using hom antennas and some improvement may be obtained using a small reflector.
Hoang, DB & Yu, Q 1970, 'Performance of the fair intelligent congestion control for TCP applications over ATM networks: a simulation analysis', 1999 2nd International Conference on ATM. ICATM'99 (Cat. No.99EX284), ICATM'99 - 2nd International Conference on ATM, IEEE, pp. 390-395.
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© 1999 IEEE. This paper presents a simulation study of the performance of TCP traffic over ATM network ABR service under the fair intelligent congestion control (FICC) scheme recently proposed. The simulation experiments are conducted on various network configurations, and traffic patterns. The key metrics of TCP effective throughput, packet delay, delay variation, and fairness are measured. Simulation results show that FICC is superior to existing schemes in terms of well-guaranteed fairness, minimized and bounded buffer requirement, minimized packet variation delay, easy parameter settings, robustness to parameter mistuning, and simple implementation.
I-Fang Chung, Hung-Hsiang Chang & Chin-Teng Lin 1970, 'Fuzzy control of a six-degree motion platform with stability analysis', IEEE SMC'99 Conference Proceedings. 1999 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (Cat. No.99CH37028), IEEE SMC'99 Conference Proceedings. 1999 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, IEEE.
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This paper addresses the control problem of the six-degree-of-freedom parallel manipulator known as the Stewart platform. This manipulating structure has been well-known for its use as a flight simulator. Recently, it has become an important element in virtual reality (VR) applications for providing motion sensation to users. In this research, we first analyze the hydraulic driving system and the kinematics of the Stewart platform. We then develop a fuzzy controller for the Stewart platform. The stability of the proposed fuzzy control systems are analyzed based on the Popov criterion stability theorem. Experimental results have shown that the designed fuzzy controller can drive the six-degree motion platform accurately, smoothly, and stably.
Indraratna, B, Ranjith, PG & Gale, W 1970, 'Single phase water flow through rock fractures', Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, pp. 211-240.
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Flow analysis plays a major role in various geotechnical applications, and the understanding of flow mechanisms is essential for the development of a hydro-mechanical flow model suitable for underground excavations in rock. Discrete flow analysis through discontinuities is reviewed including empirical and analytical flow models. The influence of external loading on joint deformation and single-phase flow show that the surface roughness and aperture size are the prime factors influencing flow rate. Nevertheless, the idealization of natural fractures as smooth parallel plate joints is still followed in many numerical models, because of the simplicity of the cubic law when applied to fracture networks. A numerical study of water flow through a network of joints employing Universal Distinct Element Code (UDEC) is used to quantify the effects of joint orientation and external stress acting on idealized joints. It is found that, for the same joint spacing, the flow rate into an excavation depends on the boundary block size (A(b)) relative to the excavation size (A(e)). The inflow becomes excessive if A(b)/A(e) is less than 4, but becomes very small if A(b)/A(e) exceeds 8.
Jaktman, CB, Leaney, J & Liu, M 1970, 'Structural Analysis of the Software Architecture — A Maintenance Assessment Case Study', SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE, 1st Working IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA1), Springer US, SAN ANTONIO, TX, pp. 455-470.
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Jeong Geun Kim & Krunz, M 1970, 'Quality of service over wireless ATM links', IEEE INFOCOM '99. Conference on Computer Communications. Proceedings. Eighteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. The Future is Now (Cat. No.99CH36320), IEEE INFOCOM '99. Conference on Computer Communications. Proceedings. Eighteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. The Future is Now (Cat. No.99CH36320), IEEE, NEW YORK, NY, pp. 1003-1010.
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Kermode, R & Thaler, D 1970, 'Support for Reliable Sessions with a Large Number of Members', NETWORKED GROUP COMMUNICATION, PROCEEDINGS, 1st International Workshop on Networked Group Communication (NGC 99), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, PISA, ITALY, pp. 90-107.
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Kermode, RG 1970, 'A novel method for video-on-demand via digital broadcast', 10th IEEE Workshop on Local and Metropolitan Area Networks. Selected Papers (IEEE Cat. No.99EX512), 10th IEEE Workshop on Local and Metropolitan Area Networks. Selected Papers, IEEE, pp. 44-52.
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© 1999 IEEE. We propose a new method for the on-demand delivery of streaming media over a small number of multicast channels to large numbers of receivers called Truncated Exponential Partitioning (TEP). Objects delivered using TEP are consumed from the beginning to the end in a linear fashion. This allows their data to be segmented and carried in different channels that are scheduled so that each can arrive just in time for presentation. As a consequence, the amount of storage required in the receiver, access latency, and bandwidth required for a desired level of performance are minimized. Quantitative expressions for these metrics are derived for TEP and compared to a similar scheme skyscraper broadcasting (SB) scheme from which the design of TEP was based. Simulations show that TEP offers superior performance to the SE scheme. Finally, an architecture for delivering movies over cable networks using TEP is proposed.
Khalili, N & Khabbaz, MH 1970, 'Application of effective stress concept to unsaturated soils', Consolidating knowledge. Proceedings of the 8th Australia New Zealand conference on geomechanics, Hobart, February 1999., pp. 849-854.
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The application of the effective stress concept to unsaturated soils is critically reviewed. The validity and the appropriateness of the relationship proposed by Khalili and Khabbaz (1996, 1998) for the determination of the effective stress parameter χ are examined using both shear strength and volumetric change data. Extremely good agreement is obtained between the measured and predicted values in all cases. It is shown that quantitative predictions of shear strength and deformation in unsaturated soils can be made using the effective stress concept. The model parameters will be exactly the same as those used in saturated soils, except for a single parameter which can be determined in any soil physics laboratory. This is in contrast to the current models of unsaturated soils, which require extensive laboratory testing.
Kim, JG & Krunz, M 1970, 'Delay analysis of selective repeat ARQ for a Markovian source over a wireless channel', Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international workshop on Wireless mobile multimedia, WoWMoM99: The Second ACM International Workshop on Wireless Mobile Multimedia, ACM, pp. 59-66.
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In this paper, we analyze the delay performance for a Marko- vian source transported over a wireless channel with time- varying error characteristics. To improve the reliability of the channel, the end points of the wireless link implement a selective-repeat (SR) ARQ error control protocol. We provide an approximate discrete-time analysis of the end- to-end mean packet delay, which consists of transport and resequencing delays. The transport delay, in turn, consists of queueing, transmission/retransmission, and propagation delays. In contrast to previous studies, our analysis accommodates the inherent autocorrelations in both the input traffic and the channel state. Our approximation of the mean transport delay is based on decoupling the dependence of the queueing behavior from the past channel conditions. The exact probability generating function (PGF) of the queue length under ideal SR ARQ is obtained and is combined with the retransmission delay to obtain the mean transport delay. For the resequencing delay, our analysis is performed under heavy-traffic assumptions, hence providing an upper bound on the actual mean resequencing delay. Numerical results and simulations indicate that our approximate analysis is sufficiently accurate for a wide range of parameter values.
Kodagoda, KRS, Wijesoma, WS & Teoh, EK 1970, 'Robust Un-coupled Fuzzy Controller for Longitudinal and Lateral Control of an AGV', Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1625, International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Theory and Applications, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 370-381.
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Korkmaz, T & Krunz, M 1970, 'Randomized algorithm for finding a path subject to multiple QoS constraints', Conference Record / IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM 99), IEEE, RIO JANEIRO, BRAZIL, pp. 1694-1698.
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An important aspect of quality-of-service (QoS) provisioning in integrated networks is the ability to find a feasible route that satisfies end-to-end QoS requirements of a connection request while efficiently using network resources. In general, finding a path subject to multiple additive constraints (e.g., delay, delay-jitter) is an NP-complete problem. For this problem, we propose a randomized heuristic algorithm with polynomial-time complexity. Our algorithm first prunes all the links that cannot be on any feasible paths. It then uses a randomized heuristic search to find a feasible path, if one exists. The worst-case computational complexity of our algorithm is O(n2), where n is the number of nodes. The storage complexity of the algorithm is O(n). Using extensive simulations, we show that our algorithm gives very high success rate in finding feasible paths.
Korkmaz, T & Krunz, M 1970, 'Source-oriented topology aggregation with multiple QoS parameters in hierarchical ATM networks', 1999 Seventh International Workshop on Quality of Service. IWQoS'99. (Cat. No.98EX354), IWQoS'99 - Seventh International Workshop on Quality of Service, IEEE, LONDON, ENGLAND, pp. 137-146.
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Lamma, E, Mello, P, Milano, M, Cucchiara, R, Gavanelli, M & Piccardi, M 1970, 'Constraint propagation and value acquisition: Why we should do it Interactively', IJCAI International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 16th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI 99), MORGAN KAUFMANN PUB INC, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, pp. 468-473.
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In Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs) values belonging to variable domains should be completely known before the constraint propagation process starts. In many applications, however, the acquisition of domain values is a computational expensive process or some domain values could not be available at the beginning of the computation. For this purpose, we introduce an Interactive Constraint Satisfaction Problem (ICSP) model as extension of the widely used CSP model. The variable domain values can be acquired when needed during the resolution process by means of Interactive Constraints, which retrieve (possibly consistent) information. Experimental results on randomly generated CSPs and for 3D object recognition show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Lawson, HW, Leaney, J & O'Neill, T 1970, 'Open complex computer based systems: only the first step along the way to safe, reliable computing', Proceedings ECBS'99. IEEE Conference and Workshop on Engineering of Computer-Based Systems, Proceeding of IEEE Conference and Workshop on Engineering of Computer-Based Systems, IEEE Comput. Soc, pp. 294-301.
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© 1999 IEEE. Open systems are being presented as the way forward for the construction of complex computer based systems of all types. They have had some success but as with all such attempts to solve problems in computing, it is being touted as a panacea. Before the success is lost in disgruntled disappointment, this reflection attempts to establish awareness of pitfalls which may save the open systems idea from going the way of all panaceas. This paper further suggests that open systems are only, the first step towards safe and reliable computing platforms for the future, and recommends an evolutionary path which includes such concepts as stable infrastructure architectures, domain and application openness and open systems engineering.
Lifang Gu & Bone, D 1970, 'Skin colour region detection in MPEG video sequences', Proceedings 10th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing, ICIAP '99 - 10th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing, IEEE Comput. Soc, pp. 898-903.
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Efficient indexing and retrieval of digital video data is an important aspect of video database management. Video indexing involves content analysis of video sequences, which is usually a computationally intensive process. Since most video data is stored in compressed format, processing directly in the compressed domain offers the possibility of computationally more efficient algorithms. We present here an efficient algorithm for detecting skin colour regions directly in MPEG video sequences. Most existing methods for skin colour detection usually threshold some sort of measure of the likelihood of skin colours for each pixel and treat them independently. Our algorithm takes the spatial neighbourhood information of each block into account by performing region growing for those blocks with a high probability of belonging to the skin colour class, since skin colour blocks usually appear as contiguous regions in an image. A novel method for finding an adaptive threshold to control the region growing process is also presented, which incorporates the edge information into the segmentation. Experimental results on several video sequences show that the proposed algorithm is able to detect skin colour regions in MPEG video sequences with various scene complexities. © 1999 IEEE.
Liu, L, Wang, S & Zheng, S 1970, 'Preface.', Ann. Oper. Res., INT UNION PURE APPLIED CHEMISTRY, pp. 0-0.
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Lo, KW, Perry, SW & Ferguson, BG 1970, 'An image processing approach for aircraft flight parameter estimation using the acoustical Lloyd's mirror effect', ISSPA '99. Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Signal Processing and its Applications (IEEE Cat. No.99EX359), Fifth International Symposium on Signal Processing and its Applications, Queensland Univ. Technol, pp. 503-506.
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A time-frequency analysis of the output of an acoustic sensor located above the ground during the transit of an aircraft shows an interference (or fringe) pattern on the time-frequency plane. This interference pattern, referred to as the Lloyd's mirror effect, is caused by the temporal variations of the constructive/destructive interference frequencies of the direct and ground-reflected aircraft sound fields at the sensor. A model has been developed to describe the temporal variations of the destructive-interference frequencies for an aircraft in level flight over a hard ground. This paper describes two methods to estimate the aircraft flight parameters based on this model. In both methods, the time-frequency distribution of the sensor output is treated as an image. This image is pre-processed to enhance the destructive-interference pattern and then the flight parameters are extracted from the resultant image by optimising a cost function. The effectiveness of the methods is verified using real acoustic data. © 1999 IEEE.
Lu, HY, Zhu, JG, Ramsden, VS & Hui, SYR 1970, 'Measurement and modeling of stray capacitances in high frequency transformers', 30th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Record. (Cat. No.99CH36321), 30th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, IEEE, Charleston, SC, USA, pp. 763-768.
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This paper proposes an approach to incorporate stray capacitances into a dynamic circuit model of high frequency transformers. The measuring techniques for stray capacitances in high frequency transformers and inductors are presented. A 500W transformer in a full bridge inverter operating at 25 kHz has been simulated with the new model and the theoretical results are confirmed by experiments.
Marjanovic, O & Orlowska, ME 1970, 'Time Management in Dynamic Workflows.', CODAS, pp. 138-149.
Martinez-Coll, A, Morgan, MK, Cooper, PG, Nguyen, HT & Hunyor, SN 1970, 'Cerebral Tissue Oxygen Saturation (SrO2) from Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) Measurements Following 90°-Head-Up Tilt', OXYGEN TRANSPORT TO TISSUE XXI, 26th Annual Meeting of the International-Society-on-Oxygen-Transport-to-Tissue (ISOTT 98), Springer US, BUDAPEST, HUNGARY, pp. 125-131.
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Martinez-Coll, A, Morgan, MK, Nguyen, H & Hunyor, SN 1970, 'Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measurements following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH): Potential for the detection of vasospasm', Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Proceedings, p. 826.
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Bilateral NIRS measurements of relative blood volume (BV) and oxygen saturation (DESAT) from frontal, temporal and parietal regions were acquired daily (n = 42) in 4 SAH patients (supine and with the head elevated 30 degrees) and compared with subtraction angiography for the detection of vasospasm. Significant differences in NIRS signals were found exclusively in one patient who developed vasospasm. There were significant differences in DESAT (right vs. left temporal region [supine], p = .003); while head elevated data revealed side to side differences for individual wavelengths as well as for BV and DESAT in the temporal and frontal regions, respectively. Differences were also found between periods of spasm and non-spasm for BV in the left parietal (p = .035) and left frontal (p = .023) region. Angiographically confirmed vasospasm was confined to the internal carotid and middle cerebral arteries on the left side. NIRS showed differences only in the affected side, and although not able to identify the location of the spasm, the technique may prove useful in the routine, daily assessment, of these patients.
Oppermann, I 1970, 'CDMA space-time coding using an LMMSE receiver', 1999 IEEE Communications Theory Mini-Conference (Cat. No.99EX352), 1999 IEEE Communications Theory Mini-Conference (Cat. No.99EX352), IEEE, pp. 182-187.
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The field of space-time coding has recently attracted interest as a means of improving link reliability in mobile environments. In this paper, space-time coding is considered in conjunction with CDMA. The performance of a space-time-coded CDMA system is considered and comparisons are made to conventional CDMA systems.
Ranasinghe, RS, Andrew, LLH & Everitt, D 1970, 'Impact of polling strategy on capacity of 802.11 based wireless multimedia LANs', IEEE International Conference on Networks. ICON '99 Proceedings (Cat. No.PR00243), ICON'99: IEEE International Conference on Networks, IEEE Comput. Soc, pp. 96-103.
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Wireless local area networks are a viable technology to support multimedia traffic. One of the prominent wireless local area network standards being adopted as a mature technology is the IEEE 802.11 standard. In wireless multimedia networks, mobile stations will be capable of generating a heterogeneous traffic mix and therefore it is crucial to devise an efficient bandwidth allocation scheme to satisfy the quality of service requirements of each traffic class. In this paper we present a distributed fair queuing scheme which is compatible with the 802.11 standard and can manage bandwidth allocation for delay-sensitive traffic. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated by simulation, showing that a distributed version of deficit round robin outperforms the standard round robin service discipline from a capacity viewpoint. © 1999 IEEE.
Reisenfeld, S, Aboutanios, E, Willey, K, Eckert, MP, Clout, RB & Thoms, A 1970, 'The Design of the FedSat Ka Band Fast Tracking Earth Station', Proceedings 8th International Aerospace Congress, 8th International Aerospace Congress, Adelaide, South Australia.
Roughan, M & Veitch, D 1970, 'A study of the daily variation in the self-similarity of real data traffic', TELETRAFFIC ENGINEERING IN A COMPETITIVE WORLD, International Teletraffic Congress (ITC-16) - Teletraffic Engineering in a Competitive World, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND, pp. 67-76.
Roughan, M & Veitch, D 1970, 'Measuring long-range dependence under changing traffic conditions', IEEE INFOCOM '99. Conference on Computer Communications. Proceedings. Eighteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. The Future is Now (Cat. No.99CH36320), IEEE INFOCOM '99. Conference on Computer Communications. Proceedings. Eighteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. The Future is Now (Cat. No.99CH36320), IEEE, IEEE, pp. 1513-1521.
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Scottis, MG, Krunz, M & Liu, MM-K 1970, 'Enhancing the PCI bus to support real-time streams', 1999 IEEE International Performance, Computing and Communications Conference (Cat. No.99CH36305), 1999 IEEE International Performance, Computing and Communications Conference (Cat. No.99CH36305), IEEE, PHOENIX, AZ, pp. 303-309.
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Sheng, D, Sloan, SW & Yu, HS 1970, 'Practical implementation of critical state models in FEM', Consolidating knowledge. Proceedings of the 8th Australia New Zealand conference on geomechanics, Hobart, February 1999., pp. 975-981.
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Practical implementation of critical state models into finite element codes is discussed. Improved algorithms for stress integration and load and time stepping are presented, in order to handle the nonlinearities both in elasticity and plasticity. A new generalised critical state model as well as the model proposed by Yu (1998) is implemented. Both uncoupled and coupled analyses of practical problems are carried out.
Sirivivatnanon, V & Cao, HT 1970, 'An engineered model for service life of marine concrete structures', DURABILITY OF BUILDING MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS 8, VOLS 1-4, PROCEEDINGS, 8th International Conference on Durability of Building Materials and Components (8dbmc), NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA, VANCOUVER, CANADA, pp. 94-103.
Sutton, JP, Sha, DD, Perry, SW & Guan, L 1970, 'Enhancing mine signatures in sonar images using nested neural networks', SPIE Proceedings, AeroSense '99, SPIE, ORLANDO, FL, pp. 570-577.
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Tendys, T, Jian Guo Zhu, Ramsden, V & Dymond, M 1970, 'Use of the scalar Preisach model in 3D finite element analysis for C-core inductor design', IEEE International Magnetics Conference, IEEE International Magnetics Conference, IEEE.
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A simulation is presented that uses finite element analysis (FEA) with a scalar Presach model of hysteresis and an improved core loss model to predict the behavior of a C-core inductor excited by a current source. Results of field analysis, inductor performance and core loss calculations are discussed.
Turner, BD & Smith, DW 1970, 'Toxicology and occupational health during remediation of contaminated sites', Consolidating knowledge. Proceedings of the 8th Australia New Zealand conference on geomechanics, Hobart, February 1999., pp. 719-720.
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This paper reviews methods for understanding, assessing and controlling the exposure of workers to airborne contaminants while involved in the remediation of contaminated sites. Contaminants reviewed include asbestos, the oxides of chromium, beryllium and silica. Initial assessment should involve the collection of information on the types of contaminants present, their form and likely concentrations as well as their toxicity and exposure pathways. Measures are then considered for minimising exposure.
Van Wyk, DJ, Oppermann, IJ & Linde, LP 1970, 'Low rate coding considerations for space-time coded DS/CDMA', Gateway to 21st Century Communications Village. VTC 1999-Fall. IEEE VTS 50th Vehicular Technology Conference (Cat. No.99CH36324), Gateway to 21st Century Communications Village. VTC 1999-Fall. IEEE VTS 50th Vehicular Technology Conference, IEEE, pp. 2520-2524.
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In this paper the construction and performance evaluation of a space-time coded processing system employing a combined low-rate layered coded and antenna transmission diversity scheme for DS/CDMA communication systems are addressed. In this combined coding/signalling scenario the turbo coder structure is exploited for a space-time processing approach which results in an improved quality of communication. The space-time system, employing either a convolutional or turbo coding scheme, combines coding (temporal diversity), with RAKE (multipath diversity) and MRC (spatial diversity) to realize high capacity DS/CDMA mobile communication systems. The transceiver considered employs nT antennae at the transmitter and a single antenna at the receiver. In addition a LR-branch space-path RAKE receiver, followed by a soft-input (soft-output) channel decoder are employed. We analyze the BER performance and capacity tradeoff between various system parameters under a fixed total bandwidth expansion and error correction codes complexity constraint requirements. It is shown that when turbo codes are considered, the potential for large coding gains and increased system capacity is substantial.
van Wyk, DJ, Oppermann, IJ & Linde, LP 1970, 'Performance tradeoff among spreading, coding and multiple-antenna transmit diversity for high capacity space-time coded DS/CDMA', MILCOM 1999. IEEE Military Communications. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.99CH36341), Conference on Military Communications (MILCOM'99), IEEE, pp. 393-397.
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The field of space-time coding has recently attracted interest as a means of improving link reliability in mobile environments. In this paper, we evaluate the application of space-time forward error correction schemes in asynchronous Direct-Sequence Code-Division Multiple-Access (DS/CDMA) system over frequency selective multipath fading channels. The space-time system, employing either a convolutional or turbo coding scheme, combines coding (temporal diversity), with RAKE (multipath diversity) and Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC) (spatial diversity) to realize high capacity DS/CDMA mobile communication systems. The receiver considered employs a L-branch space-path RAKE receiver, followed by a soft-input (soft-output) channel decoder. We analyze the Bit Error Rate (BER) performance and capacity tradeoff between various system parameters under a fixed total bandwidth expansion and error correction codes' complexity constraint requirements. It is shown that compared to uncoded systems, the proposed space-time coding system dramatically decreases the BER and increases the system capacity.
Van Wyk, DJ, Oppermann, IJ, Pretorius, E & Van Rooyen, PGW 1970, 'On the construction of layered space-time coded modulation (STCM) codes employing MTCM code design techniques', Gateway to 21st Century Communications Village. VTC 1999-Fall. IEEE VTS 50th Vehicular Technology Conference (Cat. No.99CH36324), Gateway to 21st Century Communications Village. VTC 1999-Fall. IEEE VTS 50th Vehicular Technology Conference, IEEE, pp. 2969-2973.
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The field of Space-Time Coded Modulation (STCM) has recently attracted interest as a means of improving link reliability in mobile environments. It has been shown that these space-time multiple-antenna systems provide very high capacity when compared to single antenna systems in a Rayleigh fading environment. Specifically for the forward-link, space-time coded transmit diversity should be incorporated into the wireless communication system in order to take full advantage of the combined space- (multiple-transmit antennas) and time- (forward error correction coding) diversity scheme. In this paper, we adopt a heuristic approach to the design and evaluation of diagonally layered STCM schemes by utilizing classical Multiple-Trellis Coded-Modulation (MTCM) techniques. We will focus mainly on the construction of simple 4-state diagonally layered space-time convolutionally coded systems. The designed STCM systems will be used in a comparative performance investigation with the originally proposed STCM codes. Computer simulations are used to evaluate the performance of the code designs on flat Rayleigh fading channels.
Wijesoma, WS & Kodagoda, KRS 1970, 'Synthesis of Stable Fuzzy PD/PID Control Laws for Robotic Manipulators from a Variable Structure Systems Standpoint', Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1625, International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Theory and Applications,, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 495-511.
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Willey, K, Osborn, T, Eckert, MP, Liwanag, R & Reisenfeld, S 1970, 'The Suitability of Using NORAD TLE's to Track LEO Satellites with Ka Band Communications', Proceedings 5th Ka Band Utilization Conference, 5th Ka Band Utilization Conference, Instituto Internazionale Delle Comunicazioni, Taormina, Sicily Island, Italy..
Woodward, G, Oppermann, I & Talvitie, J 1970, 'Outdoor-indoor temporal and spatial wideband channel model for ISM bands', Gateway to 21st Century Communications Village. VTC 1999-Fall. IEEE VTS 50th Vehicular Technology Conference (Cat. No.99CH36324), Gateway to 21st Century Communications Village. VTC 1999-Fall. IEEE VTS 50th Vehicular Technology Conference (Cat. No.99CH36324), IEEE, pp. 136-140.
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This paper presents early results from a study to develop wideband 2-dimensional channel models for ISM bands. Wideband measurements were carried out in Oxford, UK at 2.4 and 5.7 GHz, covering a bandwidth of 80 MHz for static outdoor to indoor scenarios. The measurements were targeted to provide impulse responses with angle-of-arrival information, information on correlation between horizontal and vertical polarisation, and information on small-scale spatial correlation. Parameter extraction used for the measured raw data is briefly described. Examples of the results of parameter extraction are presented. The approach to the channel modelling is to model the clustering of multipath components in both time (delay) and space. The statistics of the cluster parameters will be fitted against the measured data. A Markov chain model in both temporal and spatial domain will be utilised. © 1999 IEEE.
Yu, Q & Hoang, DB 1970, 'Multipoint-to-Point ABR Service with Fair Intelligent Congestion Control in ATM Networks', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 393-395.
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1999. Current standards of ATM can only support pt-pt (or unicast) connections and unidirectional point-to-multipoint (pt-mpt) connection and do not provide a scalable solution for truly multipoint-to-multipoint (mpt-mpt) communication. The main reason is that AAL5 does not provide multiplexing identification on a per cell basis. Cells from different packets on a single connection cannot be interleaved. To preserve AAL5 structure, additional mechanisms are needed at the merging point to differentiate packets and prevent cell mixing. In our previous study [1], we have proposed a Fair Intelligent Congestion Control (FICC) for ABR point-to-point traffic. It was demonstrated that FICC is simple, robust, efficient, scalable and fair relative to other proposed congestion control algorithms. In this paper we propose to apply FICC together with simple queueing and scheduling mechanism to provide efficient, fair bandwidth allocation and congestion control in a multipoint-topoint (mpt-pt) connection for heterogeneous service with different data rates. The simulation results show that FICC preserves all the desirable point-to-point properties, and performs equally well in multipoint-to-point connections.
Zowghi, D 1970, 'Maintaining and Comparing Requirements', Proceedings of the Fourth Australian Conference on Requirements Engineering, Australian Workshop on Requirements Engineering, Australia, pp. 115-129.
