Ansal, HK & Cetindamar Karaomerlioglu, D 1999, 'New technologies and employment: industry and firm level evidence from Turkey', New Technology, Work and Employment, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 82-99.
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Here the authors investigate the impact of new technology on employment at country, industry and firm level using evidence from a study of the Turkish chemical and engineering industries. They conclude by attempting to outline policy considerations related to the long term negative impact of technology on employment in developing countries.
Apkarian, P & Tuan, HD 1999, 'Concave programming in control theory', Journal of Global Optimization, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 343-370.
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Arnold, JF, Frater, MR & Zhang, J 1999, 'Error resilience in the MPEG-2 video coding standard for cell based networks – A review', Signal Processing: Image Communication, vol. 14, no. 6-8, pp. 607-633.
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The MPEG-2 video coding standard is being extensively used worldwide for the provision of digital video services. Many of these applications involve the transport of MPEG-2 video over cell-based (or packet) networks. Examples include the broadband integr
Baweja, D, Roper, H & Sirivivatnanon, V 1999, 'Chloride-induced steel corrosion in concrete: part 2 - Gravimetric and electrochemical comparisons', ACI MATERIALS JOURNAL, vol. 96, no. 3, pp. 306-313.
Baweja, D, Roper, H & Sirivivatnanon, V 1999, 'Specification of concrete for marine environments: A fresh approach', ACI MATERIALS JOURNAL, vol. 96, no. 4, pp. 462-470.
Bishop, DW, Thomas, PS & Ray, AS 1999, 'alpha-beta phase re-transformation kinetics in nickel sulphide', JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 429-435.
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Nickel sulphide (NiS) was characterised using X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The as received Millerite, stoichiometric NiS, observed to be slightly nickel deficient, was found to readily
Bishop, DW, Thomas, PS & Ray, AS 1999, 'α-β phase re-transformation kinetics in nickel sulphide', Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 429-435.
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Nickel sulphide (NiS) was characterized using X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The `as received' Millerite, stoichiometric NiS, observed to be slightly nickel deficient, was found to readily decompose in a nitrogen atmosphere at elevated temperatures (450 °C max.) to the sulphur deficient Godlevskite, Ni7S6, DSC and X-ray measurements demonstrated that the high temperature form of the Godlevskite was readily stabilized at room temperature. The kinetics of the α-β re-transformation in Godlevskite were then investigated using DSC and were observed to be first order.
Boon, JR, Zekou, E, McGloin, D & Dunn, MH 1999, 'Comparison of wavelength dependence in cascade-, Λ-, and Vee-type schemes for electromagnetically induced transparency', Physical Review A, vol. 59, no. 6, pp. 4675-4684.
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Castel, A, François, R & Arliguie, G 1999, 'Effect of loading on carbonation penetration in reinforced concrete elements', Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 561-565.
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Catchpoole, DR & Wanjin, H 1999, 'Characterization of the Sequence and Expression of a Ykt6 Prenylated SNARE from Rat', DNA and Cell Biology, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 141-145.
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The Ykt6 protein represents a novel soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein receptor (SNARE), as it is the only one known without a hydrophobic transmembrane region at the carboxy terminus. For this SNARE, however, membrane interaction is thought to be mediated through a cysteine/aliphatic/aliphatic/methionine or histidine (CAAX) C-terminal motif, a consensus sequence involved in prenylated membrane anchoring. To date, two full-length Ykt6 cDNAs have been reported, these being in yeast and human, with a further protein predicted from a Caenorhabditis elegans cosmid. Using a mouse EST clone identified as having 65% homology with the human Ykt6, we isolated a cDNA clone encoding the rat Ykt6 homolog (rYkt6). Sequence analysis of rYkt6 demonstrated that a high level of species conservation exists between the rat and human prenylated SNAREs, as both the nucleotide and amino acid sequences share >90% homology. Mammalian Ykt6 is shown here for the first time to be constitutively expressed in a variety of tissues. The species conservation and ubiquitous expression of prenylated SNAREs hence may be indicative of an important and central role for these proteins in cellular protein trafficking.
Center, JR, Nguyen, TV, Sambrook, PN & Eisman, JA 1999, 'Hormonal and Biochemical Parameters in the Determination of Osteoporosis in Elderly Men*', The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol. 84, no. 10, pp. 3626-3635.
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Abstract The extent to which changes in several hormonal and biochemical parameters are involved in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis in men remains controversial. This study examined the roles of free testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), 25-hydroxyvitamin D, PTH, and insulin-like growth factor I in the determination of bone mineral density (BMD) in 437 community-dwelling elderly men. Age, height, weight, quadriceps strength, and femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS) BMD were also obtained. In multiple regression analysis, after adjusting for age and weight, low E2 (P = 0.01), and high SHBG (P = 0.0002) levels were common determinants of FN and LS BMD. In addition, high PTH (P = 0.03) was an independent predictor of FN BMD, and low free T (P = 0.02) was an independent predictor of LS BMD. Low free T was associated with FN BMD in univariate analysis only. The hormonal measurements collectively accounted for 5% and 7% of the age- and weight-adjusted variance of FN and LS BMD, respectively. The sex steroids, SHBG and insulin-like growth-I were found to be interrelated using a technique of path analysis that examines the intercorrelation between these variables. A subject with any one abnormal serum parameter had a 4-fold increase in the risk of osteoporosis, whereas three abnormal parameters were associated with an 11-fold increased risk, although the latter group only applied to 1% of the study population. Although the precise causal effects these biochemical parameters may have on the development of osteoporosis remains to be determined, the present findings support an important interrelated role for these hormonal and biochemical parameters on changes in bone density in elderly men.
Center, JR, Nguyen, TV, Schneider, D, Sambrook, PN & Eisman, JA 1999, 'Mortality after all major types of osteoporotic fracture in men and women: an observational study', The Lancet, vol. 353, no. 9156, pp. 878-882.
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Chong, NR, Burnett, IS & Chicharo, JF 1999, 'Adapting waveform interpolation (with pitch-spaced subbands) for quantisation', 1999 IEEE Workshop on Speech Coding Proceedings. Model, Coders, and Error Criteria (Cat. No.99EX351), pp. 96-98.
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Chong, NR, Burnett, IS & Chicharo, JF 1999, 'Low delay multi-level decomposition and quantisation techniques for WI coding', 1999 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing. Proceedings. ICASSP99 (Cat. No.99CH36258), vol. 1, pp. 241-244.
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Clark, S & Dissanayake, G 1999, 'Simultaneous localisation and map building using millimetre wave radar to extract natural features', Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, vol. 2, pp. 1316-1321.
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This paper discusses the use of a 77GHz millimetre wave radar as a guidance sensor for autonomous land vehicle navigation. An extended Kalman filter (EKF) maintains an estimate of map features in addition to vehicle state. This map augmented EKF is implemented with radar reflectors, designed for high visibility from all orientations. An improvement on this approach enables natural features to be identified, using the polarisation of returned radar signals. Those that are suitable as navigational markers are used to update estimates of vehicle and feature locations. This method requires no a priori knowledge of the environment and no target infrastructure.
Cucchiara, R & Piccardi, M 1999, 'Eliciting visual primitives for detection of elongated shapes', Image and Vision Computing, vol. 17, no. 5-6, pp. 347-355.
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This paper deals with the problem of eliciting visual primitives for visual search with the aim of detecting 2D objects characterized, primarily, by an elongated shape. The paper proposes a new visual primitive obtained by combining in a suitable correla
Cucchiara, R, Piccardi, M & Mello, P 1999, 'Image analysis and rule-based reasoning for a traffic monitoring system', Proceedings 199 IEEE/IEEJ/JSAI International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (Cat. No.99TH8383), pp. 758-763.
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The paper describes a system for detecting vehicles in urban traffic scenes in daytime and at night by means of image analysis and rule-based reasoning. The strength of the proposed approach is its formal separation between the low-level image processing modules (detecting moving vehicles under day and night light) and the high-level module, which provides a single framework for tracking vehicles in the scene. The image processing modules perform spatio-temporal analysis on moving templates in daytime images, and morphological analysis of headlight pairs in night images. The high-level module is designed as a forward chained production rule system, working on symbolic data, i.e. vehicles and their attributes (area, pattern, direction...) and exploiting a set of heuristic rules tuned to urban traffic conditions. The synergy between the artificial intelligence techniques of the high level and the low-level image analysis techniques provides the system with flexibility and robustness.
Cucchiara, R, Piccardi, M & Prati, A 1999, 'Exploiting cache in multimedia', Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems, pp. 345-350.
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Dharmappa, HB & Hagare, P 1999, 'Economic analysis and design of crossflow microfiltration for water treatment systems', DESALINATION, vol. 121, no. 1, pp. 1-11.
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Dutkiewicz, E & Anido, G 1999, 'Characterising output traffic from an ATM multiplexer', Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Australia, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 227-232.
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Proper dimensioning of ATM multiplexers is required for efficient and cost effective operation of ATM networks. In order to dimension an ATM multiplexer, the characteristics and quality of service requirements of the traffic need to be known. Since traffic in an ATM network can traverse through a number of ATM multiplexers, its original characteristics can be affected by the multiplexing operations. In this paper we use a queuing model for the ATM multiplexer to investigate inter-departure time characteristics of the resulting output traffic. The aggregate input traffic to the ATM multiplexer is modelled as a 2-state Markov-modulated Poisson process. By considering a number of case studies we demonstrate that inter-departure time characteristics such as the first two moments of the inter-departure time distribution and the low order correlations between the inter-departure times are inadequate to characterise output traffic for accurate prediction of cell loss.
Endo, MM, Barbour, PS, Barton, DC, Wroblewski, BM, Fisher, J, Tipper, JL, Ingham, E & Stone, MH 1999, 'A comparison of the wear and debris generation of GUR 1120 (compression moulded) and GUR 4150HP (ram extruded) ultra high molecular weight polyethylene.', Biomed Mater Eng, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 113-124.
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The wear debris generated from UHMWPE (ultra high molecular weight polyethylene) has been recognised as one of the major causes of failure in THR (total hip replacement). GUR 1120 (compression moulded) and GUR 4150HP (ram extruded) which are currently the most frequently used materials in THR were studied in pin-on-plate wear test. The wear particles generated from this test were observed by scanning electron micrograph and analysed by image analysis. The results from this study showed that GUR 4150HP had superior wear resistance than GUR 1120 under relatively high wear factor conditions. These results also highlighted the importance of multidirectional motion and its effect on the wear rates of UHMWPE. The multidirectional motion tended to show a higher wear factor than previous studies using unidirectional motion conducted under otherwise similar conditions. The wear debris analysis conducted with the wear particles collected from unidirectional (relatively rough) pin-on-plate wear tests (GUR 1120 and GUR 4150HP) showed that the greatest number of particles had a size range of 0.1-0.5 micron followed by 0.5-1.0 micron, 1.0-5.0 microns and 5.0-10.0 microns, in both GUR 1120 and GUR 4150HP. However, comparing the masses of the wear particles, the bigger size range of greater than 10 microns, had the highest percent mass followed by 1.0-5.0 microns, 0.5-1.0 micron, 0.1-0.5 micron and 5.0-10.0 microns.
Ensrud, KE, Stone, K, Cauley, JA, White, C, Zmuda, JM, Nguyen, TV, Eisman, JA & Cummings, SR 1999, 'Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and the Risk of Fractures in Older Women', Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, vol. 14, no. 10, pp. 1637-1645.
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Fang, JQ, Li, QS & Liu, DK 1999, 'Non-spillover control design of tall buildings in modal space', Wind and Structures, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 189-200.
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In this paper, a new algorithm for active control design of structures is proposed and investigated. The algorithm preserves the decoupling property of the modal vibration equation and eliminates the spillover problem, which is the main shortcoming in the independent modal space control (IMSC) algorithm. With linear quadratic regulator(LQR) control law, the analytical solution of algebraic Riccati equation and the optimal actuator control force are obtained, and the control design procedure is significantly simplified. A numerical example for the control design of a tall building subjected to wind loads demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in reducing the acceleration and displacement responses of tall buildings under wind actions.
Fang, JQ, Li, QS, Jeary, AP & Liu, DK 1999, 'Damping of tall buildings: its evaluation and probabilistic characteristics', The Structural Design of Tall Buildings, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 145-153.
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Fang, JQ, Li, QS, Jeary, AP, Liu, DK & Wong, CK 1999, 'Probabilistic characteristics of damping in buildings', Wind and Structures, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 127-131.
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This paper describes probabilistic characteristics of damping in a tall building based on the results of full-scale measurement. It is found, through statistical analysis of the damping data, that the probability density function(PDF) of damping at the high amplitude plateau can be well represented by Normal distribution (Gaussian distribution). A stochastic damping model is proposed to estimate amplitude-dependent damping for practical application.
Frater, MR, Arnold, JF & Zhang, J 1999, 'MPEG 2 video error resilience experiments:', Signal Processing: Image Communication, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 269-275.
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With increasing interest in the transport of video traffic over lossy networks, several techniques for improving the quality of video services in the presence of loss have been proposed, often using the MPEG 2 video coding algorithm as a basis. Many of t
Funaki, K, Miyanaga, Y & Tochinai, K 1999, 'Recursive ARMAX speech analysis based on a glottal source model with phase compensation', Signal Processing, vol. 74, no. 3, pp. 279-295.
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Gabrys, B & Bargiela, A 1999, 'Neural Networks Based Decision Support in Presence of Uncertainties', Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, vol. 125, no. 5, pp. 272-280.
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Horita, E & Miyanaga, Y 1999, 'Numerically stable RLS algorithms for time-varying signals', Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part III: Fundamental Electronic Science), vol. 82, no. 4, pp. 26-37.
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Indraratna, B & Haque, A 1999, 'Triaxial equipment for measuring the permeability and strength of intact and fractured rocks', Géotechnique, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 515-521.
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Indraratna, B & Locke, MR 1999, 'Design methods for granular filters—critical review', Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 137, no. 3, pp. 137-147.
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Filters are used to control seepage, and to act as a barrier for preventing base soil erosion. This study is a review of past research into filtration which includes empirical, theoretical and geometric–probabilistic methods. Empirical methods are those involving laboratory testing of many base-soil–filter combinations to determine guidelines for safe filters. Theoretical packing methods determine the maximum size of particles which can fit through idealized models of the filter material. Geometric–probabilistic methods mathematically simulate the filtration process using models of pore voids and statistical techniques to determine the penetration of base particles into the filter. These methods attempt to explain base–filter interaction during filtration. In this paper, filtration of cohesive materials is discussed including problems associated with concentrated leaks and dispersive soils. Broadly graded and gap-graded materials also require individual attention, and methods to identify and deal with their problems are presented. More significantly, a recommended design procedure for filters is described, based on empirical criteria and the newly emerging geometric–probabilistic methods.
Indraratna, B & Redana, IW 1999, 'Closure to “Plane‐Strain Modeling of Smear Effects Associated with Vertical Drains” by B. Indraratna and I. W. Redana', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 125, no. 1, pp. 98-99.
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Indraratna, B, Haque, A & Aziz, N 1999, 'Shear behaviour of idealized infilled joints under constant normal stiffness', Géotechnique, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 331-355.
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The shear behaviour of soft joints containing infill materials was investigated in the laboratory under constant normal stiffness (CNS) conditions. Tests were conducted on joints with asperities having inclinations of 9·5° (type 1) and 18·5° (type II), under a given range of initial normal stresses (σno) 0·30 to 1·10 MPa, and at a constant normal stiffness of 8·5, Kn/mm. It was found that the shear strength of joints decreases considerably even with the addition of a thin layer of infill. Results also show that the effect of asperities on shear strength is significant up to an asperity height to infill thickness (t/a) ratio of 1·4—1·8, whereas the shear behaviour is controlled by the infill alone beyond this critical ratio. The shear displacement corresponding to the peak shear stress is considerably reduced once the infill starts to govern the shear behaviour of the joint. In this study, the drop in peak shear stress under CNS conditions has been modelled by a hyperbolic relationship. In relation to ‘clean’ joints, it is verified that the proposed equation can predict the drop in shear stress as a function of the infill thickness, with good agreement with the measured data. In order to predict the dilatancy behaviour of ‘clean’ joints, a Fourier transform method is introduced, which can be used to predict the shear strength of joints under CNS conditions. Nous avons examiné en laboratoire le comportement de cisaillement de joints tendres contenant des mat´riaux de remplissage dans des conditions de rigidit´ normale constante. Nous avons mené des tests sur des joints qui pr&acuute;sentaient des aspérit´s ayant des inclinaisons de 9·5° (type I) et 18·5° (type Il) sous une gamme donnée de contraintes normales initiales (σno.) variant entre et 1,10 MPa et ´ une rigidit&cute normale constante de 8·5 kN/mm. Nous avons constaté que la r´sistance de...
Jackson, MA & Burnett, IS 1999, 'Phase-space portraits of speech employing mutual information and perceptual masking', 1999 IEEE Workshop on Speech Coding Proceedings. Model, Coders, and Error Criteria (Cat. No.99EX351), pp. 61-63.
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Ji, JC, Yu, L & Chen, YS 1999, 'Bifurcation and amplitude modulated motions in a parametrically excited two-degree-of-freedom non-linear system', JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION, vol. 228, no. 5, pp. 1125-1144.
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The non-linear response of a T-shaped beam-mass structure is investigated theoretically and experimentally for the case of one-to-two internal resonance and principal parametric resonance of the lower mode. The method of multiple scales is used to determine four first order amplitude- and phase-modulation equations. The non-trivial steady state solutions are obtained from trivial solutions through pitchfork bifurcation. The Melnikov's method is used to predict the critical parameter at which the dynamical system possesses a Smale horseshoe type of chaos. To verify the analytical results, experiments were performed on the T-shaped beam-mass structure. The periodically amplitude-modulated motions and chaotically amplitude-modulated motions were observed during experiments. The results of the experiment showed good qualitative agreement with the theoretical predictions.
Kakaomerlioglu, DC & Carlsson, B 1999, 'Manufacturing In Decline? A Matter Of Definition', Economics of Innovation and New Technology, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 175-196.
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This paper offers a new approach to the definition of manufacturing activities, placing them in a broader framework to capture the dynamics of manufacturing in the economy. After discussing why in many cases it may bc appropriate to consider producer services and tnanttfacturing industries together, the paper analyzes the development of manufacturing and producer service industries in the United States. We examine the factors leading to the growth of producer services, concluding that unbundling, the shift of some activities (such as legal, accounting, and data processing services) from manufacturing to producer services industries, is an important explanation for this growth. Finally, we discuss the relationship between manufacturing and producer services. Our analysis, based on a broader definition of manufacturing, shows that over the last two decades the U.S. manufacturing base has declined only slightly rather than radically as suggested in many studies.
Karaomerlioglu, DC 1999, 'Does microelectronics reduce economies of scale? A case study in the Turkish chemical industry', Review of Industrial Organization, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 219-238.
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Keshavarzy, A & Ball, JE 1999, 'An application of image processing in the study of sediment motion', JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC RESEARCH, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 559-576.
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Knoblich, BP, Rivers, EP, Nguyen, HB, Mullen, MT, Rittinger, B, Hays, G, Muzzin, AM, Sheridan, B, Jankowski, M & Tomlonovich, MC 1999, 'LACTIC ACID CLEARANCE IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT PROGNOSTICATES MULTISYSTEM ORGAN FAILURE AND DEATH', Critical Care Medicine, vol. 27, no. Supplement, pp. A141-A141.
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Background: Lactic acid (LA) indicates anaerobic metabolism (global tissue hypoxia). While single LA levels are helpful diagnostically and therapeutically; the change in LA levels over time (LA-clearance) has beter prognostic value in predicting morbidity or multi-system organ failure (MSOF) and death in the intensive care unit (ICU). Objective: To examine the relationship of LA-clearance in the Emergency Department (ED) and the development of MSOF and death. Methods: This was a prospective cohort of critically ill patients presenting to a large urban ED in shock (systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg for thirty minutes after a 40cc/kg volume challenge) or a LA >2 mM/L on arrival. Patients presenting in hemorrhagic shock, trauma, requiring immediate surgery, do not resuscitate orders, seizures or end stage disease not benefiting from ICU care were excluded. Patients were managed by ED physicians by standard ED management. LA and multi-system organ dysfunction scores (MODS) were obtained on ED arrival, discharge and every 12 hours for 72 hours. Patients were grouped by LA clearance during the ED stay: Group 1 (no clearance, <0mM/L/hr, actual increase in lactic acid), Group 2 (intermediate clearance, >0andlmM/hr). Student's T-test and ANOVA were used to compare the MODS score and LA over time, with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Results: A total of 142 patients were studied. The mean age was 65.9 ± 17.2 years. The LA clearances for groups 1, 2, and 3 were -0.45 ± 0.55, 0.48 ± 0.48, 1.44 ± 0.38 mM/L/hr respectively p<0.0001. The mean MODS scores over 72 hours were 8.63 ± 3.35, 6.16 ± 4.23, 5.12 ± 3.76 for groups 1, 2, and 3 respectively p<0.02. The in-hospital mortality was 50%, 23%, 12% in groups 1,2 and 3, respectively, p<0.045. Conclusions: The duration of global tissue hypoxia or decreased LA clearance in the ED is associated with MSOF and death. This pathogenic link suggests that diagnostic and therapeutic ...
Landau, RE, Russell, D, Hird, CC, Pyrah, IC, Indraratna, B & Redana, IW 1999, 'Plane-Strain Modeling of Smear Effects Associated with Vertical Drains', Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 125, no. 1, pp. 96-99.
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Lee, DK, Nguyen, T, O'Neill, GP, Cheng, R, Liu, Y, Howard, AD, Coulombe, N, Tan, CP, Tang-Nguyen, A-T, George, SR & O'Dowd, BF 1999, 'Discovery of a receptor related to the galanin receptors', FEBS Letters, vol. 446, no. 1, pp. 103-107.
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We report the isolation of a cDNA clone named GPR54, which encodes a novel G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR). A PCR search of rat brain cDNA retrieved a clone partially encoding a GPCR. In a library screening this clone was used to isolate a cDNA with an open reading frame (ORF) encoding a receptor of 396 amino acids long which shared significant identities in the transmembrane regions with rat galanin receptors GalR1 (45%), GalR3 (45%) and GalR2 (44%). Northern blot and in situ hybridization analyses revealed that GPR54 is expressed in brain regions (pons, midbrain, thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, cortex, frontal cortex, and striatum) as well as peripheral regions (liver and intestine). In COS cell expression of GPR54 no specific binding was observed for 125I‐galanin. A recent BLAST search with the rat GPR54 ORF nucleotide sequence recovered the human orthologue of GPR54 in a 3.5 Mb contig localized to chromosome 19p13.3.
Lee, DK, Nguyen, T, Porter, CA, Cheng, R, George, SR & O'Dowd, BF 1999, 'Two related G protein-coupled receptors: The distribution of GPR7 in rat brain and the absence of GPR8 in rodents', Molecular Brain Research, vol. 71, no. 1, pp. 96-103.
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GPR7 and GPR8, orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) genes, expressed in the brain and periphery share highest sequence identity to each other and significant similarity with opioid and somatostatin receptors. To further our knowledge of GPR7's physiological function, we performed in situ hybridization analyses of rat brain to reveal specific patterns of expression in the brain. GPR7 mRNA was found to be discretely localized in areas of the amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus and cortex. We previously reported that GPR7 was highly conserved in both human and rodent orthologs while GPR8 was not found in the rodent . We speculated that GPR8 originated after the divergence of the human and rodent. Using primers designed from human GPR8, we isolated lemur GPR8 and subsequently aligned human, monkey, and lemur GPR8 orthologs to design primers recognizing highly conserved regions of GPR8. Using these primers, orthologs of GPR7 and GPR8 were isolated by the PCR from rabbit, tree shrew, and flying lemur, as well as GPR7 in the rat. Subsequent analysis of the clones obtained demonstrated that both GPR7 and GPR8 sequences were highly conserved amongst the species studied, but a rodent GPR8 was not isolated. The absence of a GPR8 gene in the rodent suggests that GPR8 originated from gene duplication of GPR7 after the rodent line diverged from the rabbit, tree shrew, flying lemur, lemur, monkey and human lines. In addition, the taxonomic distribution of GPR8 is consistent with molecular studies grouping rabbits with primates, tree shrews and flying lemurs rather than with rodents. Copyright (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V.
Li, J, Bakoss, SL, Samali, B & Ye, L 1999, 'Reinforcement of concrete beam–column connections with hybrid FRP sheet', Composite Structures, vol. 47, no. 1-4, pp. 805-812.
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Li, Q, Cao, H, Li, G, Li, S & Liu, D 1999, 'Optimal design of wind-induced vibration control of tall buildings and high-rise structures', Wind and Structures, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 69-83.
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The most common used control device on tall buildings and high-rise structures is active and passive tuned mass damper (ATMD and TMD). The major advantages of ATMD and TMD are discussed. The existing installations of various passive/active control devices on real structures are listed. A set of parameter optimization methods is proposed to determine optimal parameters of passive tuned mass dampers under wind excitation. Simplified formulas for determining the optimal parameters are proposed so that the design of a TMD can be carried out easily. Optimal design of wind-induced vibration control of frame structures is investigated. A thirty-story tall building is used as an example to demonstrate the procedure and to verify the efficiency of ATMD and TMD with the optimal parameters.
Li, QS, Fang, JQ & Liu, DK 1999, 'Evaluation of structural dynamic responses by stochastic finite element method', Structural Engineering and Mechanics, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 477-490.
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Li, QS, Liu, DK & Fang, JQ 1999, 'Optimum Design of Actively Controlled Structures Using Genetic Algorithms', Advances in Structural Engineering, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 109-118.
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Optimal placement of actuators in actively controlled structures is a mixed-discrete optimization problem; it has the characteristics of nonlinear, non-continuous, and so on. For this type of optimization problem, traditional optimization methods based on mathematical programming may not be effective. In this paper, the complexity, discreteness and non-linearity of the optimal design problems of actuator placement are investigated. An optimal control algorithm and active tendon controllers are applied to control the response of a 16-storey building under earthquake loads. A mathematical model of optimal actuator configuration is established. Based on the special optimization problem of actuator configuration in an actively controlled structure, a modified genetic algorithm is presented and applied to solve the problems. A design procedure/method is presented for this kind of optimization problem, and the suitability of this method for the optimization problem is investigated. The numerical calculation and analysis are carried out for the building controlled by active tendon control mechanisms, and the results are discussed and analyzed in detail.
Li, QS, Liu, DK, Fang, JQ, Jeary, AP & Wong, CK 1999, 'Using neural networks to model and predict amplitude dependent damping in buildings', Wind and Structures, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 25-40.
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In this paper, artificial neural networks, a new kind of intelligent method, are employed to model and predict amplitude dependent damping in buildings based on our full-scale measurements of buildings. The modelling method and procedure using neural networks to model the damping are studied. Comparative analysis of different neural network models of damping, which includes multi-layer perception network (MLP), recurrent neural network, and general regression neural network (GRNN), is performed and discussed in detail. The performances of the models are evaluated and discussed by tests and predictions including self-test, `one-lag' prediction and `multi-lag' prediction of the damping values at high amplitude levels. The established models of damping are used to predict the damping in the following three ways: (1) the model is established by part of the data measured from one building and is used to predict the another part of damping values which are always difficult to obtain from field measurements: the values at the high amplitude level. (2) The model is established by the damping data measured from one building and is used to predict the variation curve of damping for another building. And (3) the model is established by the data measured from more than one buildings and is used to predict the variation curve of damping for another building. The prediction results are discussed.
Loganathan, P, Louie, K, Lee, J, Hedley, MJ, Roberts, AHC & Longhurst, RD 1999, 'A model to predict kidney and liver cadmium concentrations in grazing animals', NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 423-432.
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Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in the kidneys and liver of older grazing animals is a major concern in New Zealand and Australian agriculture. Use of phosphate fertilisers containing high Cd concentration is the main cause of this accumulation. A simple mathematical model running in a user-friendly computer package was developed to predict annual accumulation of Cd in kidneys and liver of animals grazing pastures of known herbage Cd concentration and phosphate fertiliser history. Results from the model showed that kidney and liver Cd concentration of sheep were most sensitive to fertiliser Cd concentration, moderately sensitive to pasture ingestion rate, and least sensitive to soil ingestion rate. The model was validated using kidney Cd data from a farmlet-scale sheep-grazing trial. Kidney Cd concentrations predicted by the model were strongly correlated with measured mean kidney Cd concentrations. The relationship between the measured and predicted Cd concentrations is not statistically different from the 1:1 relationship indicating that the model can explain the variation in the measured mean kidney Cd concentration. © 1999 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Loganathan, P, Payn, TW, Mitchell, AD & Tillman, RW 1999, 'A sequential extraction method for the determination of dissolution of magnesium from fertilizers applied to pumice soils', COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS, vol. 30, no. 1-2, pp. 199-211.
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A major factor controlling the effectiveness of magnesium (Mg) fertilizers in correcting Mg deficiency in crops is their rate of dissolution in soils. The commonly used method of determining the rate of dissolution of fertilizers by measuring the increase in dissolved Mg in soils under field conditions can lead to errors because part of the dissolved Mg would normally be lost from the site of application by plant uptake and leaching. A more accurate method of estimating the rate of dissolution is to determine the amount of undissolved Mg and subtract it from the amount of Mg applied. A simple sequential extraction method was developed to measure the undissolved Mg in soils treated with a range of fertilizers with different solubilities. The method consisted of two 30-minute extractions of a soil sample with 0.5M BaCl2-TEA, pH 8.2 to determine dissolved Mg in the sample followed by a 1- hour extraction with 0.5M HCl to determine difficulty-soluble or slow- release Mg, and finally an 18-hour extraction with 2M HCl to determine undissolved Mg. The method gave nearly a 100% recovery of Mg applied in fertilizers to two pumice soils (Vitrands). The rates of dissolution of the fertilizers in the two soils were in the order of Epsom salts = fine magnesium oxide (calcined magnesite) > coarse magnesium oxide (calcined magnesite), coarse partially acidulated magnesium oxide (Granmag(TM)), free dolomitic limestone > fused magnesium phosphate.
Lovatt, HC & Watterson, PA 1999, 'Energy stored in permanent magnets', IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 35, no. 1 PART 2, pp. 505-507.
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There has been some confusion over the energy stored in a permanent magnet, with many texts and some finite element packages giving incorrect values. We demonstrate the correct formulation, under both normal operation and partial demagnetization, and discuss the physical meaning of stored energy in a permanent magnet. © 1999 IEEE.
Lovatt, HC & Watterson, PA 1999, 'Energy stored in permanent magnets', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 505-507.
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There has been some confusion over the energy stored in a permanent magnet, with many texts and some finite element packages giving incorrect values. We demonstrate the correct formulation, under both normal operation and partial demagnetization, and dis
MADHAVAN, R, DISSANAYAKE, G, DURRANT-WHYTE, H, ROBERTS, J, CORKE, P & CUNNINGHAM, J 1999, 'ISSUES IN AUTONOMOUS NAVIGATION OF UNDERGROUND VEHICLES', Mineral Resources Engineering, vol. 08, no. 03, pp. 313-324.
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This paper describes current research at the Australian Centre for Field Robotics (ACFR) in collaboration with the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) within the Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) for Mining Technology and Equipment (CMTE) towards achieving autonomous navigation of underground vehicles, like a Load-Haul-Dump (LHD) truck. This work is being sponsored by the mining industry through the Australian Mineral Industries Research Association Limited (AMIRA). Robust and reliable autonomous navigation can only be realised by achieving high level tasks such as path-planning and obstacle avoidance. This requires determining the pose (position and orientation) of the vehicle at all times. A minimal infrastructure localisation algorithm that has been developed for this purpose is outlined and the corresponding results are presented. Further research issues that are under investigation are also outlined briefly.
Madhavan, R, Nettleton, E, Nebot, E, Dissanayake, G, Cunningham, J, Durrant-Whyte, H, Corke, P & Roberts, J 1999, 'Evaluation of internal navigation sensor suites for underground mining vehicle navigation', Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, vol. 2, pp. 999-1004.
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This paper describes a series of trials that were done at an underground mine in New South Wales, Australia. Experimental results are presented from the data obtained during the field trials and suitable sensor suites are evaluated.
Marchese, A, Sawzdargo, M, Nguyen, T, Cheng, R, Heng, HHQ, Nowak, T, Im, D-S, Lynch, KR, George, SR & O'Dowd, BF 1999, 'Discovery of Three Novel Orphan G-Protein-Coupled Receptors', Genomics, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 12-21.
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We have discovered three novel human genes, GPR34, GPR44, and GPR45, encoding family A G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The receptor encoded by GPR34 is most similar to the P2Y receptor subfamily, while the receptor encoded by GPR44 is most similar to chemoattractant receptors. The receptor encoded by GPR45 is the mammalian orthologue of a putative lysophosphatidic acid receptor from Xenopus laevis. Partial sequence of GPR34 was discovered during a search of the GenBank database of expressed sequence tags (ESTs). This sequence information was used both to isolate the full-length translational open reading frame from a human genomic library and to assemble a contig from additional GPR34 EST cDNAs. Northern blot and in situ hybridization analyses revealed GPR34 mRNA transcripts in several human and rat brain regions. Also, we used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify human genomic DNA using degenerate oligonucieotides designed from sequences encoding transmembrane domains 3 and 7 of opioid and somatostatin receptors. Two PCR products partially encoding novel GPCRs, named GPR44 and GPR45, were discovered and used to isolate the full-length translational open reading frames from a human genomic library. Both GPR44 and GPR45 are expressed in the central nervous system and periphery. For chromosomal localization, fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis was performed to assign GPR34 to chromosomes 4p12 and Xp11.3, GPR44 to chromosome 11q12-q13.3, and GPR45 to chromosome 2q11.1-q12.
Marjanovic, O 1999, 'Learning and teaching in a synchronous collaborative environment.', J. Comput. Assist. Learn., vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 129-138.
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Mirsattari, SM, Berry, MER, Holden, JK, Ni, W, Nath, A & Power, C 1999, 'Paroxysmal dyskinesias in patients with HIV infection', Neurology, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 109-109.
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OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical features of paroxysmal dyskinesias among HIV type 1 (HIV-1)-seropositive patients. BACKGROUND: Movement disorders have been associated with HIV infection, although the full spectrum of these disorders remains uncertain. METHODS: Six adult HIV-1-seropositive patients presenting with paroxysmal dyskinesias were identified. Each patient underwent metabolic, CSF, EEG, and neuroimaging studies. RESULTS: Mean age at onset was 34.5 years and five of six patients were AIDS defined. Dyskinesias were focal, multifocal, or hemidystonic in four patients and generalized in another two patients. Two of the six patients had paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesias and the remaining four patients had paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesias. Choreoathetosis (n = 3), myoclonus (n = 2), postural tremor (n = 5), and dysarthria (n = 3) were observed. Benzodiazepines appeared beneficial in three of six patients. Two patients with HIV-associated dementia and paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia had a progressive course to death. Autopsy of a patient with paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesias revealed intense astrogliosis and loss of calbindin-positive neurons in the subcortical gray matter. CONCLUSIONS: Paroxysmal dyskinesias may present as a primary HIV-1-induced neurologic syndrome. The occurrence of paroxysmal dyskinesias is associated with neuronal injury and loss in the subcortical gray matter but the mechanism remains unknown.
Mitchell, AD, Loganathan, P, Payn, TW & Tillman, RW 1999, 'Effect of calcined magnesite on soil and Pinus radiata foliage magnesium in pumice soils of New Zealand', AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF SOIL RESEARCH, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 545-560.
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Magnesium (Mg) deficiency is common in a number of forest regions in the world. It has been linked to a condition in P. radiata called 'upper mid crown yellowing' (UMCY) in New Zealand and 'new type forest decline' in Europe. Mg concentrations are low in many of New Zealand's forest soils. With increases in the number of rotations and increased growth rates through tree breeding, Mg deficiency is expected to increase. This study was conducted to determine the fate of calcined magnesite (calmag) fertiliser applied at 150 kg Mg/ha at 2 sites in the Kaingaroa Forest near Rotorua, New Zealand. It also investigated the effectiveness of calmag in increasing the soil solution and soil exchangeable Mg in pumice soils and Mg concentrations in the pine needles, and in reducing the likelihood of UMCY 2 and 3 years after fertiliser application. In both sites and for both years of sampling the application of calmag fertiliser resulted in a significant increase in soil exchangeable and soil solution Mg in the 0-5 cm soil layer. Soil and soil solution pH had also been increased in the top 5 cm soil layer. Two years after application about 90% of the fertiliser applied had dissolved and about 70-80% of the Mg remained in a plant-available form (ammonium acetate exchangeable Mg) in the top 10 cm of soil. Calculations suggest that 3-10% of applied fertiliser had been lost due to leaching. Magnesium fertiliser application also resulted in significant reduction in the exchangeable K:Mg ratio and reduced exchangeable Al in the 0-5 cm soil layer. After 3 years, foliar Mg concentrations increased at all sites in the fertilised trees compared with the control trees, although differences were not yet significant. UMCY severity in the trees was also not significantly affected by the application of Mg fertiliser.
Nguyen, HB, Rivers, EP, Havstad, S, Knoblich, B, Ressler, J, Talos, EL, Rittinger, WJ, Tomlanovich, MC & Horst, HM 1999, 'PHYSIOLOGIC ASSESSMENT OF THE CRITICALLY ILL IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT', Critical Care Medicine, vol. 27, no. Supplement, pp. 69A-69A.
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Introduction: Physiologic scoring systems such as the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) and the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II) measure illness severity and provides mortality risk probabilities for intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The Emergency Department (ED) is a major contributor of ICU admissions who frequently require critical care in the ED. This study evaluates the use of APACHE II and SAPS II in assessing the impact of critical care delivery in the ED. Methods: In a prospective, consecutive case series, adult patients presenting to a large urban ED and admitted to the medical ICU over a 12-month period were studied. APACHE II and SAPS II scores and predicted mortality (pred. mort.) were calculated at ED admission. ED discharge, and after 24 hours in the ICU. Group average scores and pred. mort. was compared using 2-tailed, paired student's t-test. Results: Eighty-one patients were enrolled with a mean age of 62.8 ±19.3 years. ED length of stay was 6.4 ± 2.2 hours and the total hospital length of stay was 297.7 ± 312.6 hours. The actual in-hospital mortality was 28.0%. Score Δ Pred. Mort. (%) Δ P value APACHE II ED admission 24.4 ± 6.6 - 50.5 ± 20.6 - ED discharge 18.9 ± 6.7 -5.5 ± 1.8 36.4 ± 21.3 -14.2 ± 15.4 <0.001 24-hour ICU 15.2 ± 7.6 -3.7 ± 1.2 26.7 ± 21.7 -8.5 ± 11.2 0.04 SAPS II ED admission 50.0 ± 11.9 45.8 ± 22.6 - ED discharge 43.7 ± 14.7 -6.3 ± 2.1 35.1 ± 24.3 -10.8 ± 16.0 <0.001 24-hour ICU 39.0 ± 14.3 -4.7 ± 1.6 27.9 ± 22.5 -5.5 ± 12.3 0.02 Conclusions: There is a significant decrease in physiologic scores and predicted in-hospital mortality during ED stay. Mortality predictions at ED admission, ED discharge and after 24 hours in the ICU progressively approximate actual in-hospital mortality. In the treatment of critically ill patients. ED intervention may have the greatest impact on outcome in some institutions.
Nguyen, HB, Rivers, EP, Havstad, S, Knoblich, BP, Hays, G, Ressler, J, Rittinger, W & Tomlanovich, MC 1999, 'CENTRAL VENOUS OXYGEN SATURATION/LACTIC ACID INDEX AS A PROGNOSTICATOR OF SURVIVAL IN SHOCK', Critical Care Medicine, vol. 27, no. Supplement, pp. A156-A156.
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Introduction: While central venous oxygenation (ScvO2) and lactic acid are independently helpful in the prognosis and resuscitation of hemodynamically unstable patients, their value when used together has not been studied. The objective of this study is to examine and compare ScvO2, lactic acid and the ScvO2/lactic acid index in survivors and non-survivors presenting to the emergency department (ED) and admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in shock. Methods: In a prospective case cohort, adult patients arriving to a large urban ED in clinical shock were enrolled over an 18-month period. Patients requiring immediate surgery, with acute myocardial infarction or do not resuscitate status were excluded. Initial management of shock was performed by ED physicians and continued in the ICU by intensive care physicians. ScvO2 and arterial lactic acid were measured upon ED presentation (hour 0), ED discharge (hour 6), and at intervals in the ICU (hour 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72). ScvO2, lactic acid, and ScvO2/lactic acid index were compared at each time point between survivors and non-survivors using student's t-test (significance at p < 0.05). Results: One hundred forty two patients with a mean age of 66 ± 18, 105 survivors and 37 non-survivors, were enrolled. The mean ED length of stay was 6.9 ± 2.6 hours. There was no significant difference in the ScvO2 measurements between survivors and non-survivors. Lactic acid was significantly lower in the survivors throughout the study period but remained elevated at ED discharge (3.02 ± 2.80 mM/L) until 24 hours in the ICU (1.98 ± 1.67 mM/L). The ScvO2/lactic acid index however was normalized (46.0 ± 45.1 %/mM/L) at ED discharge in the survivors and significantly distinguished them from non-survivors. Conclusion: While ScvO2 and lactic acid are useful parameters to guide resuscitation of patients in shock, the Scvo2/lactic acid index is a better and earlier discriminator of survival than either value alone. This study suggests t...
O'Dowd, BF, Marchese, A, Lee, D, Nguyen, T & George, SR 1999, 'Novel orphan g protein-coupled receptors', Proceedings of the Western Pharmacology Society, vol. 42, p. 135.
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G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) belong to the gene family that forms 80% of all receptors. Cloning experiments have demonstrated a multiplicity of receptors which exceeds the number predicted on the basis of the pharmacological data alone. Using various strategies, novel receptor systems not known to exist previously have been identified. These receptors are known as orphans (oGPCRs), and over 70 have been identified. Recently, the natural ligands for four orphan receptors have been discovered, namely nociceptin, orexin, prolactin-releasing peptide and apelin. In our laboratory we isolated DNA encoding 36 novel oGPCRs, many of which are expressed in the CNS. We searched the expressed sequence tag (EST) DNA collections and also used degenerate oligos in the polymerase chain reaction, to identify partial cDNA or genomic clones. These clones were used to isolate DNAs that encompass the open reading frame of the novel GPCRs. Our approach combines bioinformatics expertise, molecular characterization and anatomic mapping, as well as a systematic approach to generating full-length, expressible GPCRs to generate novel receptor targets suitable for candidate ligand screening. Our interest is the discovery of novel cellular signaling systems, as well as developing a broad view of the evolution and genetics of these diverse gene families. The pursuit of cloning and identifying an individual receptor as a therapeutic target is a challenging task. However, the combined approach and expertise from our laboratory and collaborating scientists utilizing these technologies with many novel receptors has a high probability of identifying ligands for these targets and thus will allow the receptors to be used in the development of novel therapeutic agents.
Oppermann, I, vanRooyen, P & Kohno, R 1999, 'Guest editorial spread spectrum for global communications I', IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 17, no. 12, pp. 2069-2073.
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Parry, JJ, Burnett, IS & Chicharo, JF 1999, 'Linguistic mapping in LSF space for low-bit rate coding', 1999 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing. Proceedings. ICASSP99 (Cat. No.99CH36258), vol. 2, pp. 653-656.
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Parry, JJ, Burnett, IS & Chicharo, JF 1999, 'The use of LSF-based phonetic classification in low-rate coder design', 1999 IEEE Workshop on Speech Coding Proceedings. Model, Coders, and Error Criteria (Cat. No.99EX351), pp. 49-51.
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Samaras, K, Nguyen, TV, Jenkins, AB, Eisman, JA, Howard, GM, Kelly, PJ & Campbell, LV 1999, 'Clustering of insulin resistance, total and central abdominal fat: same genes or same environment?', Twin Research, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 218-225.
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AbstractObesity, insulin resistance and disturbed glucose metabolism cluster within the Insulin Resistance Syndrome (IRS). Whether this reflects shared genetic or environmental factors detectable in ‘normal’ populations (not selected for IRS features) is unknown. This study estimated (i) genetic influences on IRS traits and (ii) shared and specific genetic and environmental factors on the relationships between these traits in healthy female twins. Fasting insulin, glucose, total and central fat were measured in 59 monozygotic (MZ) and 51 dizygotic (DZ) female twin pairs aged ( ± SD) 52 ± 13 years. Body fat was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, insulin resistance and secretion by a modified homeostasis model assessment. Using intraclass correlation coefficients and univariate model-fitting analyses, genetic influences were found in total fat, central fat, insulin resistance, fasting glucose and insulin secretion, with genetic factors explaining 64, 57, 59, 75 and 68% of their variance, respectively, using the latter technique. In matched analysis intra-pair differences in total and central fat related to intra-pair differences in insulin resistance (r2 = 0.19, P < 0.001). Multivariate model-fitting showed a close genetic relationship between total and central fat (r = 0.88). The genetic correlation between IR and central fat (0.41) was significantly greater than that for total fat (0.24), suggesting that central fat is not only a predictor of, but shares considerable genetic influence with, insulin resistance. In Cholesky analysis, these genetic influences were separate from those shared between central and total fat. In conclusion, both shared and specific genetic factors regulate components of the IRS in healthy females. However, there were discrete genetic influences on -cell insulin secretion, not shared with other IRS components, suggesting that a separate genetic propensity exists for Type2 diabetes. ...
Sawzdargo, M, Nguyen, T, Lee, DK, Lynch, KR, Cheng, R, Heng, HHQ, George, SR & O'Dowd, BF 1999, 'Identification and cloning of three novel human G protein-coupled receptor genes GPR52, ΨGPR53 and GPR55: GPR55 is extensively expressed in human brain', Molecular Brain Research, vol. 64, no. 2, pp. 193-198.
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The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family share a structural motif of seven transmembrane segments with large numbers of conserved residues in those regions. Here, we report the identification and cloning of two novel human intronless GPCR genes, GPR52, GPR55 and a pseudogene ΨGPR53. GPR55 was identified from the expressed sequence tags (EST) database whereas GPR52 and pseudogene ΨGPR53 originated from the high throughput genome (HTG) database. A partial cDNA clone obtained from the IMAGE Consortium of GPR55 was used to screen a human genomic library to acquire the full length gene. GPR52 and ΨGPR53 were amplified from human genomic DNA using primers based on the HTG sequences. GPR55 and GPR52 encode receptors of 319 and 361 amino acids, respectively. GPR55 gene was mapped to chromosome 2q37, using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and its mRNA transcripts have been detected in the caudate nucleus and putamen, but not in five other brain regions. Human receptors showing the highest amino acid identity to GPR55 include P2Y5 (29%), GPR23 (30%), GPR35 (27%) and CCR4 (23%). GPR52 gene localized to chromosome 1q24 shares the highest identity with GPR21 (71%), histamine H2 (27%) and 5-HT4 (26%) human receptors. ΨGPR53 is a pseudogene mapped to chromosome 6p21 that demonstrates the highest similarity to the MRG (35%), MAS (28%) and C5a (24%) human receptor genes.
Scheding, S, Dissanayake, G, Nebot, EM & Durrant-Whyte, H 1999, 'An experiment in autonomous navigation of an underground mining vehicle', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 85-95.
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This paper describes the theoretical development and experimental evaluation of a navigation system for an autonomous load, haul, and dump truck (LHD) based on the results obtained during extensive in-situ field trials. The particular contributions of th
Schmiedeler, JP & Waldron, KJ 1999, 'The Mechanics of Quadrupedal Galloping and the Future of Legged Vehicles', The International Journal of Robotics Research, vol. 18, no. 12, pp. 1224-1234.
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Previous studies have noted that biological quadrupeds adjust their gaits when encountering drag in their locomotion. This paper investigates the hypothesis that these gait adjustments allow the legs to operate at an optimal working length when generating thrust. A 5-DoF dynamic model of a quadruped having a rigid trunk and massless legs is formulated. This model reflects the dimensions and inertial properties of a galloping machine the authors are designing. The constrained, steady-state motion equations governing the transverse and rotary gallops of the model are solved numerically for various levels of drag. The footfall phasing solutions for both forms of the gallop approach a partially in-phase gait, the half-bound, as drag increases. These gait transitions are the result of constraints requiring the legs to operate at their optimal working length when in contact with the terrain. Thus, the behavior of the model supports the original hypothesis. This paper also includes a discussion of future research directions in the field of artificial legged locomotion.
Sheng, D & Smith, DW 1999, 'Analytic solutions to the advective contaminant transport equation with non-linear sorption', International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, vol. 23, no. 9, pp. 853-879.
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Stewart, MG & Attard, MM 1999, 'Reliability and Model Accuracy for High-Strength Concrete Column Design', Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 125, no. 3, pp. 290-300.
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Ultimate strength limit state provisions of the LRFD code ACI 318-95 are based largely on code-calibration considerations. Calibration exercises to date have been restricted to normal-strength concretes (NSC). The present paper calculates structural reliabilities of NSC and high-strength concrete (HSC) short columns sized to existing and proposed concrete rectangular stress block design models. Model errors for existing and proposed design models are presented also. It was found that the reliabilities of NSC and HSC short columns designed to ACI 318-95 are relatively consistent, and that the rectangular stress block design model proposed by the writers is the most accurate design model. Compared with all proposed design models, the reliabilities of NSC and HSC short columns designed to the writers' design model are the most consistent, though at a reliability slightly higher than that currently obtained for NSC columns designed to ACI 318-95. A strength reduction factor increase to 0.8 is proposed for the writer's design model so that existing safety indices would be met. The alternative is to use the existing ACI 318 rectangular stress block (which is a poorer predictor model) with the current strength reduction factor of 0.7. Both give consistent safety indices. The results can be subject to a number of interpretations, particularly since they relate to potential change to an existing code and the various implications that this may have. As such, issues relating to code development are discussed.
Stewart, MG & Val, DV 1999, 'Role of Load History in Reliability-Based Decision Analysis of Aging Bridges', Journal of Structural Engineering, vol. 125, no. 7, pp. 776-783.
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Bridges deteriorate with time due to aggressive environments and are subject to ever-increasing traffic loads. This results in reduction of their reliability, which may eventually fall below an acceptable level. A successful proof load reduces the uncertainty associated with resistance of the bridge and so increases its reliability. Also, if a bridge has survived for T years of service, its resistance is higher than any of the prior imposed loads and so is influenced by its load history. Thus, the reliability of service-proven (i.e., older) bridges would increase. However, the influence of deterioration and increases in traffic loads may negate this expected increase. The paper considers the effects of load history (proof loads and prior service loads) on the reliability of aging bridges. The influence of bridge age and the magnitude of proof loads on updated estimates of bridge reliability is examined. It was found that proof load testing may not be cost effective if the costs of bridge failure (unsuccessful test) and the test itself are considered in a preliminary risk-cost-benefit analysis. The influence of prior service loads on the reliability of existing bridges significantly increased annual bridge reliabilities. The reliability-based approach presented in the paper provides an improved decision-making framework for the assessment of aging bridges.
Sundaravadivel, M, Vigneswaran, S & Doeleman, JA 1999, 'Waste management in semi-urban areas of India: appropriate technological strategies to overcome financial barriers', Environmental Engineering and Policy, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 91-104.
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The public health and environmental pollution problems due to inadequate treatment and inappropriate disposal of liquid and solid wastes generated in small and medium towns (referred to as semi-urban areas) of India receive insufficient attention. A field study of four towns in the State of Tamil Nadu was conducted to evaluate the current waste management practices in such semi-urban areas (SUAs). The study reveals that financial barriers for waste management arise due to a combination of policy and technological constraints. Based on the results of a preliminary waste characterization study and other observations made during the field study, reed bed channels and a semi-mechanized aerobic windrow composting process for the treatment of wastewater and municipal solid wastes, respectively, are recommended as appropriate technological options. The recommended technologies utilize existing arrangements for waste disposal, and aid an integrated resource recovery and reuse strategy that takes advantage of the geographic location and socioeconomic characteristics of SUAs to achieve lower waste management costs. Financial viability of the recommended technological approach is demonstrated through a comparative evaluation of competing treatment systems, and an estimation of costs and recoverable benefits resulting from waste reuse.
Tellambura, C, Johnson, IR, Guo, YJ & Barton, SK 1999, 'Frequency-offset estimation for HIPERLAN', IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 47, no. 8, pp. 1137-1139.
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Frequency-offset correction is considered for a HIPERLAN (HIgh-PErformance Radio LAN) system over the indoor radio channel. Since the multipath channel response is not known a priori, a viable frequency-offset estimator should not depend on such knowledge. Such an estimator, using a single sample per symbol, is derived for HIPERLAN. The estimator is shown to approach the Cramer-Rao bound for frequency-offset estimation over a multipath channel. A HIPERLAN system simulation example shows that the performance with an offset of 150 kHz is within 0.5 dB of that of a system with zero frequency offset.
Tellambura, C, Parker, MG, Guo, YJ, Shepherd, SJ & Barton, SK 1999, 'Optimal sequences for channel estimation using discrete Fourier transform techniques', IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 230-238.
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Tipper, JL 1999, 'Quantitative analysis of the wear and wear debris from low and high carbon content cobalt chrome alloys used in metal on metal total hip replacements', Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 353-362.
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Tuan, HD & Apkarian, P 1999, 'Relaxations of parameterized LMIs with control applications', International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 59-84.
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Tuan, HD & Hosoe, S 1999, 'On linear robust H∞ controllers for a class of nonlinear singular perturbed systems', Automatica, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 735-739.
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Urrunaga, JJ, Rivers, EP, Karriem-Norwood, VA, Mullen, MT & Nguyen, HB 1999, 'HEMODYNAMIC EVALUATION OF THE CRITICALLY ILL IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT: A COMPARISON OF CLINICAL IMPRESSION VERSUS TRANSESOPHAGEAL DOPPLER MEASUREMENT (EDM).', Critical Care Medicine, vol. 27, no. Supplement, pp. A89-A89.
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Introduction: Accurate hemodynamic assessment of the critically is important in the Emergency Department (ED) for appropriate diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare hemodynamic assessment of the clinician to EDM in critically ill patients presenting to the ED. Methods: This was a prospective case series of adult critically ill patients presenting a large urban ED and admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Patients were included if they were intubated, sedated, mechanically ventilated with arterial and central venous catheterization (CVP). The ED attending physician was asked to assess preload (volume status), cardiac output, contractility, and systemic vascular resistance (afterload) based on clinical assesment and hemodynamic data obtained from the arterial blood pressure and CVP. These variables were recorded as high, normal or low. The EDM was placed and measurements were obtained after a steady state reading for 30 seconds. This hemodynamic data was provided to the ED attending physician.Therapy before and after EDM was compared. Results: There were 34 patients enrolled with a mean age of 62.5±12 years, a mean duration of ED stay of 6.2±3.0 hours and a 27% in hospital mortality. The clinicians' agreement with the EDM was 48% for volume status,50% for cardiac output, 39% for contractility, and 48% for afterload. There was a 36% change in fluid therapy, 40% for diuretic therapy, 39% for inotropic therapy, and 38% for vasodilator therapy (p≤0.05). Conclusion: EDM is a less invasive alternative to pulmonary artery catheterization feasible for ED use in the treatment of the critically il. It provides more accurate information than clinician assessment in the ED even with invasive hemodynamic monitoring. It further leads to a significant change in therapy. Further study is warranted to determine outcome significance of these findings.
Veitch, D & Abry, P 1999, 'A wavelet-based joint estimator of the parameters of long-range dependence', IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 878-897.
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Verma, B, Blumenstein, M & Kulkarni, S 1999, 'A New Compression Technique Using an Artificial Neural Network', Journal of Intelligent Systems, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 39-53.
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In this paper, we present a direct solution method based neural network for image compression. The proposed technique includes steps to break down large images into smaller windows and eliminate redundant information. Furthermore, the technique employs a neural network that is trained by a non-iterative, direct solution method. An error backpropagation algorithm is also used to train the neural network, and both training algorithms are compared. The proposed technique has been implemented in C on the SP2 Supercomputer. A number of experiments have been conducted. The results obtained, such as compression ratio and transfer time of the compressed images are presented in this paper.
Vigneswaran, S & Moon, H 1999, 'Phosphorus removal by slag: experiments and mathematical modeling', Adsorption And Its Applications In Industry And Environmental Protection, Vol Ii Applications In Environmental Protection, vol. 120, pp. 533-569.
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Vigneswaran, S, Jegatheesan, V & Visvanathan, C 1999, 'Industrial waste minimization initiatives in Thailand: concepts, examples and pilot scale trials', Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 43-47.
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Industrial waste pollution control is a major issue in waste management. To comply with the specific effluent standards, industries are forced to treat their waste before discharge. This is neither a cost effective nor an environmentally friendly solution. The first part of this paper presents different techniques by which the waste minimization can be achieved with examples. The second part of the paper highlights the waste minimization efforts made in three different types of industries, namely paper and pulp, tapioca starch and palm oil
Vigneswaran, S, Ngo, HH & Wee, KL 1999, 'Effluent recycle and waste minimization in prawn farm effluent', Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 121-126.
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Prawn farms withdraw huge quantities of sea water and discharge 5â30% of it back to the estuary during water exchange process. The effluent from the prawn ponds contains large quantities of solids, nitrogen, phosphorus and algae and it cannot be discharged into the estuary or ocean without proper effluent treatment. Sedimentation could form a partial treatment system. In this study, about 28â38% removal was achieved at an overflow rate of 40 m3/m2.d. Because of low loading, it requires a large area. Co-culture systems may be technically feasible but it is difficult to control the prawns growth. Considering the water quantity requirement, it is necessary to design a high rate treatment system to treat the effluent and recycle it in the system. A high rate floating medium filter led to 68% removal of suspended solids at 20 m3/m2.h and with a depth of 1.2 m. The removal efficiency increased when flocculant was added. A combined downflow floating medium and sand filter gave rise to almost 90% solids and phosphorus removal. Another way is to control the nutrient discharge by optimizing the feed and reducing its waste. Ã 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Voinov, A & Costanza, R 1999, 'Watershed management and the Web', Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 231-245.
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Voinov, A, Costanza, R, Wainger, L, Boumans, R, Villa, F, Maxwell, T & Voinov, H 1999, 'Patuxent landscape model: integrated ecological economic modeling of a watershed', Environmental Modelling & Software, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 473-491.
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Voinov, AA, Voinov, H & Costanza, R 1999, 'Surface water flow in landscape models: 2. Patuxent watershed case study', Ecological Modelling, vol. 119, no. 2-3, pp. 211-230.
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Wang, J & Yan, H 1999, 'Mending broken handwriting with a macrostructure analysis method to improve recognition', Pattern Recognition Letters, vol. 20, no. 8, pp. 855-864.
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Abstract: Broken characters always create problems in handwriting recognition systems, especially those using boundary and/or skeleton information. This paper presents a macrostructure analysis (MSA) mending method based on skeleton and boundary information and an MSA that investigates the stroke tending direction and other properties of handwritings. A new skeleton end extension algorithm is introduced, which compensates the defectiveness of the skeletonization algorithm and obtains a satisfactory skeleton. When combined with suitable parameters, improved performance from a handwriting classifier is achieved. The experimental results from over 13000 numerals show the efficiency and robustness of the proposed method, raising recognition rates by over 10% for broken handwritten digits, from 74.8% to 86.4%.
Wei, D, Cheng, D, Wu, D & Bai, G 1999, 'Experimental study on deformation of sharpened stock corner in grooveless rolling', Kang T'ieh/Iron and Steel (Peking), vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 27-30.
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The sharp corner coefficient is defined to describe quantitatively the degree of sharpened corner of grooveless rolled stock. The deformation of the sharpened corner was studied. The stock corners tend to sharp unavoidably in grooveless rolling. The degree of sharpened corner is related with the draft ratio and the ratio of height to width of the pre-rolled stock. It is favorable to alleviate corners to sharpen extremely that adopting the rectangle/rectangle sequence in grooveless rolling.
Wijesoma, WS, Kodagoda, KRS & Teoh, EK 1999, 'Un-coupled fuzzy controller for longitudinal and lateral control of a golf car-like AGV', IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Proceedings, ITSC, pp. 142-147.
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The development of techniques for lateral and longitudinal control of vehicles has become an important and active research topic in the face of emerging markets for advanced AGVs and mobile robots. The primary focus is on the development of an intelligent control scheme, which is insensitive to parametric uncertainty, load and parameter fluctuations and most importantly amenable to real time implementation. We have reviewed promising control schemes for steering and speed control of mobile robots. In this paper, we present an effective uncoupled direct fuzzy PD/PI control scheme for a particular outdoor AGV, which is a converted electrically powered golf-car. The controller performance is assessed against the required performance criteria and another nonlinear technique, viz. the computed torque technique (CTT).
Wu, C, Hao, H & Zhou, Y 1999, 'Fuzzy-random probabilistic analysis of rock mass responses to explosive loads', Computers and Geotechnics, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 205-225.
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Wu, C, Hao, H, Ma, G & Zhou, Y 1999, 'Dynamic response analysis of rock mass with stochastic properties subjected to explosive loads', Fragblast, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 137-153.
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This paper carries out probabilistic analysis of dynamic responses of rock mass under blast loads. Statistical analysis of the initial damage and strength constants of the rock mass is performed by using both the field and laboratory test data. The initial damage of the rock mass is found having the beta distribution, while the critical tensile strain has the normal distribution. These statistical properties are incorporated into the constitutive law and cumulative damage model for rock mass. The statistical estimation of stress wave propagation in the rock mass due to underground explosion is evaluated by Rosenblueth's point estimate method. In numerical calculation, an isotropic continuum damage model considering both the initial damage and the cumulative damage dependent on an equivalent tensile strain is suggested to model rock mass behaviour under blast loads. The suggested models are programmed and linked to an available computer program Autodyn2D through its user's subroutine capability. Using Autodyn2D and the suggested models, stress wave propagation in rock mass with random initial damage induced by underground explosions is simulated. Numerical results of damaged area, peak particle velocity and acceleration attenuation as well as acceleration time histories in the rock mass are compared with those from independent field tests. The effects of statistical variations of initial damage and critical tensile strain of the rock mass on its dynamic responses are also discussed.
Zhou, JL 1999, 'Treating China's water crisis', Chemistry and Industry (London), no. 8, pp. 309-311.
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Low rainfall in some areas, coupled with water wastage and high levels of pollution, is leading China to the brink of a major water crisis.
Zhou, JL 1999, 'Zn biosorption by Rhizopus arrhizus and other fungi', Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 686-693.
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Zhou, JL, Fileman, TW, Evans, S, Donkin, P, Readman, JW, Mantoura, RFC & Rowland, S 1999, 'The partition of fluoranthene and pyrene between suspended particles and dissolved phase in the Humber Estuary: a study of the controlling factors', Science of The Total Environment, vol. 243-244, pp. 305-321.
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Zhou, JL, Fileman, TW, House, WA, Long, JLA, Mantoura, RFC, Meharg, AA, Osborn, D & Wright, J 1999, 'Fluxes of Organic Contaminants from the River Catchment into, through and out of the Humber Estuary, UK', Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 37, no. 3-7, pp. 330-342.
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Zhu, JG, Zhong, JJ, Ramsden, VS & Guo, YG 1999, 'Power losses of soft magnetic composite materials under two-dimensional excitation', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 85, no. 8 II A, pp. 4403-4405.
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Soft magnetic composite materials produced by powder metallurgy techniques can be very useful for construction of low cost small motors. However, the rotational core losses and the corresponding B-H relationships of soft magnetic composite materials with two-dimensional rotating fluxes have neither been supplied by the manufacturers nor reported in the literature. This article reports the core loss measurement of a soft magnetic composite material, SOMALOY™ 500, Höganäs AB, Sweden, under two-dimensional excitations. The principle of measurement, testing system, and power loss calculation are presented. The results are analyzed and discussed. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
Zhu, JG, Zhong, JJ, Ramsden, VS & Guo, YG 1999, 'Power losses of soft magnetic composite materials under two-dimensional excitation', JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, vol. 85, no. 8, pp. 4403-4405.
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Soft magnetic composite materials produced by powder metallurgy techniques can be very useful for construction of low cost small motors. However, the rotational core losses and the corresponding B-H relationships of soft magnetic composite materials with
Zhu, S, Shen, S, Zheng, Y, Li, L, Al, Q & Qu, Z 1999, 'Evolutionary programming algorithm for load modeling and parameter identification', Qinghua Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Tsinghua University, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 37-40.
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This paper proposes an evolutionary programming (EP) algorithm applying to load modeling and parameter identification. Compared with conventional methods, EP algorithm is a search method that can be used for nonlinear and discontinuous problems. Cases of both static and dynamic load data from field experiments are studied. For static load modeling the identification result of EP method is better than that of the least square method. It can be used for different kinds of static load models with minor modification; which shows its universality. The exact and robust results show the advantage of this method in dynamic load modeling and parameter identification.
ZHU, XQ & LAW, SS 1999, 'MOVING FORCES IDENTIFICATION ON A MULTI-SPAN CONTINUOUS BRIDGE', Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 228, no. 2, pp. 377-396.
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Zoysa, AKN, Loganathan, P & Hedley, MJ 1999, 'Phosphorus utilisation efficiency and depletion of phosphate fractions in the rhizosphere of three tea (Camellia sinensis L.) clones', NUTRIENT CYCLING IN AGROECOSYSTEMS, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 189-201.
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Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) is mostly grown on highly weathered acidic Ultisols in the humid and sub-humid tropics. Phosphorus (P) availability in Ultisols is naturally low due to it's low diffusivity caused by high P-fixation of Fe and Al oxides. Tea is generally fertilised with low-cost reactive phosphate rocks (RPR) because of enhanced solubility of RPR under acidic conditions. In many countries, new tea clones have been developed to improve yield, drought tolerance and resistance to pest and diseases, but the effectiveness of these clones in utilising P from RPR and native soil P forms has not been studied. A study was conducted to investigate the effects of triple superphosphate (TSP) and a sparingly soluble phosphate rock (Eppawala phosphate rock, EPR) on plant P uptake and soil P fractions in the rhizosphere of three tea clones developed in Sri Lanka (S 106, TRI 2023 and TRI 2025). Phosphate uptake by TRI 2023 (3.3 ± 0.02 mg P plant-1) and TRI 2025 (2.6 ± 0.08 mg P plant-1) was significantly greater than S 106 (1.1 ± 0.01 mg P plant-1) for both P treatments. However the type of P fertiliser did not show any significant difference in P uptake by any of the clones. In all tea clones, the rhizosphere soil pH decreased significantly compared to that of the bulk soil in both P fertiliser treatments. The decrease of pH near the rhizoplane (0-0.5 mm) for TRI 2023, TRI 2025 and S 106 were 0.30 ± 0.02, 0.19 ± 0.03 and 0.17 ± 0.05 respectively. Dissolution of EPR in the rhizosphere of TRI 2023 and TRI 2025 was greater than S 106, which could be attributed to enhanced H+ efflux. TRI 2023 and TRI 2025 depleted more resin-P, NaOH-P(i) and H2SO4-P(i) in the rhizosphere compared to S 106, which is consistent with the P uptake results. NaOH-P(o) accumulated in the rhizosphere of all clones suggesting that soluble inorganic P was transformed into organic P forms possibly as a result of increased microbial activity in the rhizosphere. TRI 2023 and TRI 2025 showed a higher ex...
Bangun, RA, Dutkiewicz, E & Anido, GJ 1970, 'An analysis of multi-player network games traffic', 1999 IEEE Third Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (Cat. No.99TH8451), 1999 IEEE Third Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (Cat. No.99TH8451), IEEE.
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Blumenstein, M & Verma, B 1970, 'Neural-based solutions for the segmentation and recognition of difficult handwritten words from a benchmark database', Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition. ICDAR '99 (Cat. No.PR00318), Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition. ICDAR '99 (Cat. No.PR00318), IEEE, pp. 281-284.
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© 1999 IEEE. A new intelligent segmentation technique is proposed that may be used in conjunction with a neural classifier and a simple lexicon for the recognition of difficult handwritten words. A heuristic segmentation algorithm is initially used to over-segment each word. An artificial neural network (ANN) trained with 32,034 segmentation points is then used to verify the validity of the segmentation points found. Following segmentation, character matrices from each word are extracted, normalised and then passed through a global feature extractor, after which a second ANN trained with segmented characters is used for classification. These recognised characters are grouped into words and presented to a variable-length lexicon that utilises a string processing algorithm to compare and retrieve those words with the highest confidences. This research provides promising results for segmentation, character and word recognition.
Blunden, B & Indraratna, B 1970, 'The nature and management of acid sulfate soils in drained coastal lowlands', Proceedings, Annual Conference - Canadian Society for Civil Engineering, pp. 317-326.
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Acid sulfate soils pose severe constraints to the protection of contrete and steel infrastructure, sustainable agriculture and environmental quality in coastal estuarine systems in many parts of Australia. The nature and properties of acid sulfate soils are described with reference to data collected from coastal lowlands with a drainage density of 1.2 km km-2 located on the South Coast of New South Wales, Australia. Deep flood mitigation drains are shown to profoundly influence the drawdown of the groundwater level, which in turn determines the rate of acid generation from the oxidation of pyrite in the acid sulfate soil layer. Numerical modeling is also used to demonstrate the nature of acid generation in acid sulfate soils. Application of SMASS showed that approximately 1.3 tonnes H2SO4 ha-1 was generated by the oxidisation of pyrite during the summer of 1997-98. Extremely acidic groundwater (pH 2-3) was measured after the groundwater rose through the oxidised zone during drought breaking rainfall. Management of the groundwater elevation is shown to be the key for minimising acid generation and Iransport in drained sub-calchments. Strategies including the construction of weirs in flood mitigation drains, increased irrigation and re-designing floodplain drainage schemes are suggested as offering potential solutions for managing acid sulfate soil under various circumstances.
Blunden, B & Indraratna, B 1970, 'The nature and management of acid sulfate soils in drained coastal lowlands', Annual conference of the Canadian Society for Civil Engineering, Regina, June 1999. Vol. 2. 14th Hydrotechnical Speciality Conference., pp. 317-326.
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Acid sulfate soils pose severe constraints to the protection of contrete and steel infrastructure, sustainable agriculture and environmental quality in coastal estuarine systems in many parts of Australia. The nature and properties of acid sulfate soils are described with reference to data collected from coastal lowlands with a drainage density of 1.2 km km-2 located on the South Coast of New South Wales, Australia. Deep flood mitigation drains are shown to profoundly influence the drawdown of the groundwater level, which in turn determines the rate of acid generation from the oxidation of pyrite in the acid sulfate soil layer. Numerical modeling is also used to demonstrate the nature of acid generation in acid sulfate soils. Application of SMASS showed that approximately 1.3 tonnes H2SO4 ha-1 was generated by the oxidisation of pyrite during the summer of 1997-98. Extremely acidic groundwater (pH 2-3) was measured after the groundwater rose through the oxidised zone during drought breaking rainfall. Management of the groundwater elevation is shown to be the key for minimising acid generation and transport in drained sub-catchments. Strategies including the construction of weirs in flood mitigation drains, increased irrigation and re-designing floodplain drainage schemes are suggested as offering potential solutions for managing acid sulfate soil under various circumstances.
Brennan, J 1970, 'Spatial Universals as the Human Spatial Notion', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 90-96.
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1999. Peirce (CP 2.753) suggests that humans possess an inherited notion of space, which amongst other notions allows them to adapt to the environment. This paper discusses a conceptual graph approach to defining such spatial notions (i.e. spatial universals) as a finite set of canonical graphs and suggests its use to derive a potentially infinite number of canonical graphs. Our approach is illustrated by a bilingual example.
Cucchiara, R, Lamma, E, Mello, P, Milano, M & Piccardi, M 1970, '3D object recognition by VC-graphs and interactive constraint satisfaction', Proceedings 10th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing, ICIAP '99 - 10th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing, IEEE Comput. Soc, pp. 508-513.
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We propose a novel approach for recognizing 3D CAD-made objects in complex range images containing several overlapped and different objects. Objects are modeled by a graph whose nodes are surfaces and arcs are surface relations. We propose an object-centered graph model, called visual constraint graph (VC-graph), with special visual constraints modeling occlusions between object surfaces. The VC-graph is used for recognizing objects from each possible point of view, instead of evaluating many different single-view graphs. The reasoning engine is based on an original extension of the constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) paradigm, called interactive CSP (ICSP). CSP requires the acquisition of all surfaces before starting constraint propagation; instead, ICSP guides the acquisition of new surfaces only on-demand, without computing useless information and focusing attention only on significant image parts. © 1999 IEEE.
Cucchiara, R, Piccardi, M, Prati, A & Scarabottolo, N 1970, 'Real-time detection of moving vehicles', Proceedings 10th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing, ICIAP '99 - 10th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing, IEEE Comput. Soc, pp. 618-623.
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Computer vision-based traffic flow monitoring is of major importance for enforcing traffic management policies. Information such as the number of vehicles passing on a road per time unit, or vehicles' turning rates at intersections are exploited by traffic management policies to supervise traffic-light timings. Computer vision-based traffic flow monitoring requires extraction of moving vehicles from traffic scenes in real time. To accomplish this task, efficient algorithms must be used and effective, low-cost hardware implementation must be pursued. This paper first describes the algorithms used in the VTTS (vehicular traffic tracking system) to achieve segmentation of moving vehicles. Then, hardware implementation on a re-programmable FPGA-based board is described in detail. © 1999 IEEE.
Ding, GK 1970, 'MCDM and the assessment of sustainability in construction', The challenge of change: Construction and building for the new millennium, RICS conference, The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors, University of Salford, pp. 206-216.
Dutkiewicz, E & Boustead, P 1970, 'Analysis of per-flow and aggregate QoS in scalable QoS networks', IEEE International Conference on Networks. ICON '99 Proceedings (Cat. No.PR00243), ICON'99: IEEE International Conference on Networks, IEEE Comput. Soc, pp. 289-294.
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The future Internet will support a large variety of services whose QoS requirements may vary widely. In order to provide scalable quality of service traffic aggregation may be necessary. We examine several approaches to providing scalable QoS services which includes soft QoS with relative performance guarantees, and hard performance guarantees signaled by RSVP over an aggregated cell switched core. In these approaches QoS is based on aggregate traffic. The question then arises as to what level of QoS is perceived by individual flows within the aggregate. This has an important implication on QoS guarantees which the network can make to individual users. To provide answers to the above question we analyse per-flow and aggregate QoS in an ATM virtual path (VP) which is used as an example of a cut-through handling IP flows. Using cell loss as a measure of QoS, our analysis allows us to investigate the impact of the parameters of individual flows on per-flow QoS. We then compare per-flow QoS against the QoS experienced by the aggregate flow in the VP. Based on numerical tests we find that cell loss experienced by individual flows may be very different from cell loss experienced by the aggregate flow. Thus if aggregate cell loss is used as a QoS constraint in dimensioning of VP this may lead to unfair treatment of flows and hence to potential user dissatisfaction. © 1999 IEEE.
Gardner, AP & Goldsworthy, HM 1970, 'Moment resisting connections for composite frames', MECHANICS OF STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS, 16th Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structure and Materials, A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA, pp. 309-314.
Ghevondian, N & Nguyen, H 1970, 'Modelling of blood glucose profiles non-invasively using a neural network algorithm', Proceedings of the First Joint BMES/EMBS Conference. 1999 IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology 21st Annual Conference and the 1999 Annual Fall Meeting of the Biomedical Engineering Society (Cat. No.99CH37015), First Joint BMES/EMBS Conference, IEEE, p. 928.
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Monitoring blood glucose levels of Insulin-Dependent-Diabetes-Mellitus (IDDM) is essential for detecting onset of hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia. We have developed a method based on neural network algorithm for estimating blood glucose levels non-invasively using only physiological parameters such as skin impedance and heart rate. Results have shown that an accuracy of 10% can be achieved.
Greenland, AG, Bakoss, SL & Crews, KI 1970, 'Enhancing the performance of laminated veneer lumber beams with carbon fibre reinforcement', MECHANICS OF STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS, 16th Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structure and Materials, A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA, pp. 373-381.
Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Ramsden, VS 1970, 'Calculation of Cogging Torque in Claw Pole Permanent Magnet Motors', Proceedings of Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, University of Northern Territory, Darwin, Australia, pp. 343-347.
Guo, Y, Zhu, J & Ramsden, VS 1970, 'Performance Analysis and Experimental Validation of a Single Phase Claw Pole Permanent Magnet Motor with Composite Magnetic Core', Proceedings of the Third Chinese International Conference on Electrical Machines, International Academic Publishers, China, Xi'an, China, p. 182.
Guo, YG, Zhu, JG & Ramsden, VS 1970, 'Design and construction of a single phase claw pole permanent magnet motor using composite magnetic material', RENEWABLE ENERGY: TECHNOLOGIES & POLICIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, World Renewable Energy Congress, MURDOCH UNIV, PERTH, AUSTRALIA, pp. 181-186.
Hoang, DB & Yu, Q 1970, 'Performance of the fair intelligent congestion control for TCP applications over ATM networks: a simulation analysis', 1999 2nd International Conference on ATM. ICATM'99 (Cat. No.99EX284), ICATM'99 - 2nd International Conference on ATM, IEEE, pp. 390-395.
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© 1999 IEEE. This paper presents a simulation study of the performance of TCP traffic over ATM network ABR service under the fair intelligent congestion control (FICC) scheme recently proposed. The simulation experiments are conducted on various network configurations, and traffic patterns. The key metrics of TCP effective throughput, packet delay, delay variation, and fairness are measured. Simulation results show that FICC is superior to existing schemes in terms of well-guaranteed fairness, minimized and bounded buffer requirement, minimized packet variation delay, easy parameter settings, robustness to parameter mistuning, and simple implementation.
Indraratna, B, Ranjith, PG & Gale, W 1970, 'Single phase water flow through rock fractures', Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, pp. 211-240.
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Flow analysis plays a major role in various geotechnical applications, and the understanding of flow mechanisms is essential for the development of a hydro-mechanical flow model suitable for underground excavations in rock. Discrete flow analysis through discontinuities is reviewed including empirical and analytical flow models. The influence of external loading on joint deformation and single-phase flow show that the surface roughness and aperture size are the prime factors influencing flow rate. Nevertheless, the idealization of natural fractures as smooth parallel plate joints is still followed in many numerical models, because of the simplicity of the cubic law when applied to fracture networks. A numerical study of water flow through a network of joints employing Universal Distinct Element Code (UDEC) is used to quantify the effects of joint orientation and external stress acting on idealized joints. It is found that, for the same joint spacing, the flow rate into an excavation depends on the boundary block size (A(b)) relative to the excavation size (A(e)). The inflow becomes excessive if A(b)/A(e) is less than 4, but becomes very small if A(b)/A(e) exceeds 8.
Jaktman, CB, Leaney, J & Liu, M 1970, 'Structural Analysis of the Software Architecture — A Maintenance Assessment Case Study', SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE, 1st Working IFIP Conference on Software Architecture (WICSA1), Springer US, SAN ANTONIO, TX, pp. 455-470.
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Kermode, R & Thaler, D 1970, 'Support for Reliable Sessions with a Large Number of Members', NETWORKED GROUP COMMUNICATION, PROCEEDINGS, 1st International Workshop on Networked Group Communication (NGC 99), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, PISA, ITALY, pp. 90-107.
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Kermode, RG 1970, 'A novel method for video-on-demand via digital broadcast', 10th IEEE Workshop on Local and Metropolitan Area Networks. Selected Papers (IEEE Cat. No.99EX512), 10th IEEE Workshop on Local and Metropolitan Area Networks. Selected Papers, IEEE, pp. 44-52.
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© 1999 IEEE. We propose a new method for the on-demand delivery of streaming media over a small number of multicast channels to large numbers of receivers called Truncated Exponential Partitioning (TEP). Objects delivered using TEP are consumed from the beginning to the end in a linear fashion. This allows their data to be segmented and carried in different channels that are scheduled so that each can arrive just in time for presentation. As a consequence, the amount of storage required in the receiver, access latency, and bandwidth required for a desired level of performance are minimized. Quantitative expressions for these metrics are derived for TEP and compared to a similar scheme skyscraper broadcasting (SB) scheme from which the design of TEP was based. Simulations show that TEP offers superior performance to the SE scheme. Finally, an architecture for delivering movies over cable networks using TEP is proposed.
Khalili, N & Khabbaz, MH 1970, 'Application of effective stress concept to unsaturated soils', Consolidating knowledge. Proceedings of the 8th Australia New Zealand conference on geomechanics, Hobart, February 1999., pp. 849-854.
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The application of the effective stress concept to unsaturated soils is critically reviewed. The validity and the appropriateness of the relationship proposed by Khalili and Khabbaz (1996, 1998) for the determination of the effective stress parameter χ are examined using both shear strength and volumetric change data. Extremely good agreement is obtained between the measured and predicted values in all cases. It is shown that quantitative predictions of shear strength and deformation in unsaturated soils can be made using the effective stress concept. The model parameters will be exactly the same as those used in saturated soils, except for a single parameter which can be determined in any soil physics laboratory. This is in contrast to the current models of unsaturated soils, which require extensive laboratory testing.
Kodagoda, KRS, Wijesoma, WS & Teoh, EK 1970, 'Robust Un-coupled Fuzzy Controller for Longitudinal and Lateral Control of an AGV', Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1625, International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Theory and Applications, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 370-381.
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Lamma, E, Mello, P, Milano, M, Cucchiara, R, Gavanelli, M & Piccardi, M 1970, 'Constraint propagation and value acquisition: Why we should do it Interactively', IJCAI International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 16th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI 99), MORGAN KAUFMANN PUB INC, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, pp. 468-473.
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In Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs) values belonging to variable domains should be completely known before the constraint propagation process starts. In many applications, however, the acquisition of domain values is a computational expensive process or some domain values could not be available at the beginning of the computation. For this purpose, we introduce an Interactive Constraint Satisfaction Problem (ICSP) model as extension of the widely used CSP model. The variable domain values can be acquired when needed during the resolution process by means of Interactive Constraints, which retrieve (possibly consistent) information. Experimental results on randomly generated CSPs and for 3D object recognition show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Lawson, HW, Leaney, J & O'Neill, T 1970, 'Open complex computer based systems: only the first step along the way to safe, reliable computing', Proceedings ECBS'99. IEEE Conference and Workshop on Engineering of Computer-Based Systems, Proceeding of IEEE Conference and Workshop on Engineering of Computer-Based Systems, IEEE Comput. Soc, pp. 294-301.
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© 1999 IEEE. Open systems are being presented as the way forward for the construction of complex computer based systems of all types. They have had some success but as with all such attempts to solve problems in computing, it is being touted as a panacea. Before the success is lost in disgruntled disappointment, this reflection attempts to establish awareness of pitfalls which may save the open systems idea from going the way of all panaceas. This paper further suggests that open systems are only, the first step towards safe and reliable computing platforms for the future, and recommends an evolutionary path which includes such concepts as stable infrastructure architectures, domain and application openness and open systems engineering.
Li, J, Zhang, X, Dong, G, Ramamohanarao, K & Sun, Q 1970, 'Efficient Mining of High Confidence Association Rules without Support Thresholds', PRINCIPLES OF DATA MINING AND KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY, 3rd European Conference on Principles of Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery in Databases (PKDD 99), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, UNIV ECON, LAB INTELLIGENT SYST, PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC, pp. 406-411.
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Lifang Gu & Bone, D 1970, 'Skin colour region detection in MPEG video sequences', Proceedings 10th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing, ICIAP '99 - 10th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing, IEEE Comput. Soc, pp. 898-903.
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Efficient indexing and retrieval of digital video data is an important aspect of video database management. Video indexing involves content analysis of video sequences, which is usually a computationally intensive process. Since most video data is stored in compressed format, processing directly in the compressed domain offers the possibility of computationally more efficient algorithms. We present here an efficient algorithm for detecting skin colour regions directly in MPEG video sequences. Most existing methods for skin colour detection usually threshold some sort of measure of the likelihood of skin colours for each pixel and treat them independently. Our algorithm takes the spatial neighbourhood information of each block into account by performing region growing for those blocks with a high probability of belonging to the skin colour class, since skin colour blocks usually appear as contiguous regions in an image. A novel method for finding an adaptive threshold to control the region growing process is also presented, which incorporates the edge information into the segmentation. Experimental results on several video sequences show that the proposed algorithm is able to detect skin colour regions in MPEG video sequences with various scene complexities. © 1999 IEEE.
Liu, L, Wang, S & Zheng, S 1970, 'Preface.', Ann. Oper. Res., INT UNION PURE APPLIED CHEMISTRY, pp. 0-0.
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Lo, KW, Perry, SW & Ferguson, BG 1970, 'An image processing approach for aircraft flight parameter estimation using the acoustical Lloyd's mirror effect', ISSPA '99. Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Signal Processing and its Applications (IEEE Cat. No.99EX359), Fifth International Symposium on Signal Processing and its Applications, Queensland Univ. Technol, pp. 503-506.
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A time-frequency analysis of the output of an acoustic sensor located above the ground during the transit of an aircraft shows an interference (or fringe) pattern on the time-frequency plane. This interference pattern, referred to as the Lloyd's mirror effect, is caused by the temporal variations of the constructive/destructive interference frequencies of the direct and ground-reflected aircraft sound fields at the sensor. A model has been developed to describe the temporal variations of the destructive-interference frequencies for an aircraft in level flight over a hard ground. This paper describes two methods to estimate the aircraft flight parameters based on this model. In both methods, the time-frequency distribution of the sensor output is treated as an image. This image is pre-processed to enhance the destructive-interference pattern and then the flight parameters are extracted from the resultant image by optimising a cost function. The effectiveness of the methods is verified using real acoustic data. © 1999 IEEE.
Lu, HY, Zhu, JG, Ramsden, VS & Hui, SYR 1970, 'Measurement and modeling of stray capacitances in high frequency transformers', 30th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. Record. (Cat. No.99CH36321), 30th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, IEEE, Charleston, SC, USA, pp. 763-768.
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This paper proposes an approach to incorporate stray capacitances into a dynamic circuit model of high frequency transformers. The measuring techniques for stray capacitances in high frequency transformers and inductors are presented. A 500W transformer in a full bridge inverter operating at 25 kHz has been simulated with the new model and the theoretical results are confirmed by experiments.
Marjanovic, O & Orlowska, ME 1970, 'Time Management in Dynamic Workflows.', CODAS, Springer, pp. 138-149.
Martinez-Coll, A, Morgan, MK, Cooper, PG, Nguyen, HT & Hunyor, SN 1970, 'Cerebral Tissue Oxygen Saturation (SrO2) from Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) Measurements Following 90°-Head-Up Tilt', OXYGEN TRANSPORT TO TISSUE XXI, 26th Annual Meeting of the International-Society-on-Oxygen-Transport-to-Tissue (ISOTT 98), Springer US, BUDAPEST, HUNGARY, pp. 125-131.
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Martinez-Coll, A, Morgan, MK, Nguyen, H & Hunyor, SN 1970, 'Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measurements following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH): Potential for the detection of vasospasm', Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Proceedings, p. 826.
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Bilateral NIRS measurements of relative blood volume (BV) and oxygen saturation (DESAT) from frontal, temporal and parietal regions were acquired daily (n = 42) in 4 SAH patients (supine and with the head elevated 30 degrees) and compared with subtraction angiography for the detection of vasospasm. Significant differences in NIRS signals were found exclusively in one patient who developed vasospasm. There were significant differences in DESAT (right vs. left temporal region [supine], p = .003); while head elevated data revealed side to side differences for individual wavelengths as well as for BV and DESAT in the temporal and frontal regions, respectively. Differences were also found between periods of spasm and non-spasm for BV in the left parietal (p = .035) and left frontal (p = .023) region. Angiographically confirmed vasospasm was confined to the internal carotid and middle cerebral arteries on the left side. NIRS showed differences only in the affected side, and although not able to identify the location of the spasm, the technique may prove useful in the routine, daily assessment, of these patients.
Oppermann, I 1970, 'CDMA space-time coding using an LMMSE receiver', 1999 IEEE Communications Theory Mini-Conference (Cat. No.99EX352), 1999 IEEE Communications Theory Mini-Conference (Cat. No.99EX352), IEEE, pp. 182-187.
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The field of space-time coding has recently attracted interest as a means of improving link reliability in mobile environments. In this paper, space-time coding is considered in conjunction with CDMA. The performance of a space-time-coded CDMA system is considered and comparisons are made to conventional CDMA systems.
Ramsden, VS, Watterson, PA, Hunter, GP, Zhu, JG, Holliday, WM, Lovatt, HC, Wu, W, Kalan, BA, Collocoft, SC, Dunlop, JB, Gwan, PB & Mecrow, BC 1970, 'High-performance electric machines for renewable energy generation and efficient drives', RENEWABLE ENERGY: TECHNOLOGIES & POLICIES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, World Renewable Energy Congress, MURDOCH UNIV, PERTH, AUSTRALIA, pp. 191-197.
Ranasinghe, RS, Andrew, LLH & Everitt, D 1970, 'Impact of polling strategy on capacity of 802.11 based wireless multimedia LANs', IEEE International Conference on Networks. ICON '99 Proceedings (Cat. No.PR00243), ICON'99: IEEE International Conference on Networks, IEEE Comput. Soc, pp. 96-103.
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Wireless local area networks are a viable technology to support multimedia traffic. One of the prominent wireless local area network standards being adopted as a mature technology is the IEEE 802.11 standard. In wireless multimedia networks, mobile stations will be capable of generating a heterogeneous traffic mix and therefore it is crucial to devise an efficient bandwidth allocation scheme to satisfy the quality of service requirements of each traffic class. In this paper we present a distributed fair queuing scheme which is compatible with the 802.11 standard and can manage bandwidth allocation for delay-sensitive traffic. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated by simulation, showing that a distributed version of deficit round robin outperforms the standard round robin service discipline from a capacity viewpoint. © 1999 IEEE.
Reisenfeld, S, Aboutanios, E, Willey, K, Eckert, MP, Clout, RB & Thoms, A 1970, 'The Design of the FedSat Ka Band Fast Tracking Earth Station', Proceedings 8th International Aerospace Congress, 8th International Aerospace Congress, Adelaide, South Australia.
Roughan, M & Veitch, D 1970, 'A study of the daily variation in the self-similarity of real data traffic', TELETRAFFIC ENGINEERING IN A COMPETITIVE WORLD, International Teletraffic Congress (ITC-16) - Teletraffic Engineering in a Competitive World, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND, pp. 67-76.
Roughan, M & Veitch, D 1970, 'Measuring long-range dependence under changing traffic conditions', IEEE INFOCOM '99. Conference on Computer Communications. Proceedings. Eighteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. The Future is Now (Cat. No.99CH36320), IEEE INFOCOM '99. Conference on Computer Communications. Proceedings. Eighteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. The Future is Now (Cat. No.99CH36320), IEEE, IEEE, pp. 1513-1521.
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Sheng, D, Sloan, SW & Yu, HS 1970, 'Practical implementation of critical state models in FEM', Consolidating knowledge. Proceedings of the 8th Australia New Zealand conference on geomechanics, Hobart, February 1999., pp. 975-981.
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Practical implementation of critical state models into finite element codes is discussed. Improved algorithms for stress integration and load and time stepping are presented, in order to handle the nonlinearities both in elasticity and plasticity. A new generalised critical state model as well as the model proposed by Yu (1998) is implemented. Both uncoupled and coupled analyses of practical problems are carried out.
Sirivivatnanon, V & Cao, HT 1970, 'An engineered model for service life of marine concrete structures', DURABILITY OF BUILDING MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS 8, VOLS 1-4, PROCEEDINGS, 8th International Conference on Durability of Building Materials and Components (8dbmc), NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA, VANCOUVER, CANADA, pp. 94-103.
Sutton, JP, Sha, DD, Perry, SW & Guan, L 1970, 'Enhancing mine signatures in sonar images using nested neural networks', SPIE Proceedings, AeroSense '99, SPIE, ORLANDO, FL, pp. 570-577.
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Tuan, HD, Apkarian, P & James, M 1970, 'Parameterized linear matrix inequalities for nonlinear discrete H∞ control', Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, pp. 3017-3021.
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A new approach based on parameterized linear matrix inequalities (PLMIs) for solving nonlinear discrete H∞ control is proposed. The 'curse of dimensionality' is one of the main obstacles preventing nonlinear H∞ control theory to be used in practice. However, in most applications, nonlinearity of a nonlinear system is caused by a few variables with dimension much lower than the plant dimension. Considering such nonlinear variables as parameters, the system can be handled as a family of linear systems depending on parameters in a reduced-dimension space. Then, PLMI tools can be used to render the nonlinear H∞ control problem computationally tractable. Moreover, this approach can work well for output feedback problem giving a finitely dimensional control instead of a customized infinitely dimensional one.
Tuan, HD, Apkarian, P & Tuy, H 1970, 'Advanced global optimization algorithms for parameterized LMIs', Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, pp. 310-315.
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Parameterized linear matrix inequalities (PLMIs) frequently arise in analysis and synthesis problems of robust control theory. However, in contrast to Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs) which are convex optimization problems with available efficient polynomial-time interior-point methods, PLMIs are highly nonconvex and thus are very hard to solve. In this paper, we exploit partial convexity properties of PLMIs that are useful for optimization purpose. We then propose various global optimization algorithms, practical and efficient, as resolution methods. The tools so constructed are finally validated on some open problems in robust control.
Turner, BD & Smith, DW 1970, 'Toxicology and occupational health during remediation of contaminated sites', Consolidating knowledge. Proceedings of the 8th Australia New Zealand conference on geomechanics, Hobart, February 1999., pp. 719-720.
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This paper reviews methods for understanding, assessing and controlling the exposure of workers to airborne contaminants while involved in the remediation of contaminated sites. Contaminants reviewed include asbestos, the oxides of chromium, beryllium and silica. Initial assessment should involve the collection of information on the types of contaminants present, their form and likely concentrations as well as their toxicity and exposure pathways. Measures are then considered for minimising exposure.
Van Wyk, DJ, Oppermann, IJ & Linde, LP 1970, 'Low rate coding considerations for space-time coded DS/CDMA', Gateway to 21st Century Communications Village. VTC 1999-Fall. IEEE VTS 50th Vehicular Technology Conference (Cat. No.99CH36324), Gateway to 21st Century Communications Village. VTC 1999-Fall. IEEE VTS 50th Vehicular Technology Conference, IEEE, pp. 2520-2524.
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In this paper the construction and performance evaluation of a space-time coded processing system employing a combined low-rate layered coded and antenna transmission diversity scheme for DS/CDMA communication systems are addressed. In this combined coding/signalling scenario the turbo coder structure is exploited for a space-time processing approach which results in an improved quality of communication. The space-time system, employing either a convolutional or turbo coding scheme, combines coding (temporal diversity), with RAKE (multipath diversity) and MRC (spatial diversity) to realize high capacity DS/CDMA mobile communication systems. The transceiver considered employs nT antennae at the transmitter and a single antenna at the receiver. In addition a LR-branch space-path RAKE receiver, followed by a soft-input (soft-output) channel decoder are employed. We analyze the BER performance and capacity tradeoff between various system parameters under a fixed total bandwidth expansion and error correction codes complexity constraint requirements. It is shown that when turbo codes are considered, the potential for large coding gains and increased system capacity is substantial.
van Wyk, DJ, Oppermann, IJ & Linde, LP 1970, 'Performance tradeoff among spreading, coding and multiple-antenna transmit diversity for high capacity space-time coded DS/CDMA', MILCOM 1999. IEEE Military Communications. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.99CH36341), Conference on Military Communications (MILCOM'99), IEEE, pp. 393-397.
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The field of space-time coding has recently attracted interest as a means of improving link reliability in mobile environments. In this paper, we evaluate the application of space-time forward error correction schemes in asynchronous Direct-Sequence Code-Division Multiple-Access (DS/CDMA) system over frequency selective multipath fading channels. The space-time system, employing either a convolutional or turbo coding scheme, combines coding (temporal diversity), with RAKE (multipath diversity) and Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC) (spatial diversity) to realize high capacity DS/CDMA mobile communication systems. The receiver considered employs a L-branch space-path RAKE receiver, followed by a soft-input (soft-output) channel decoder. We analyze the Bit Error Rate (BER) performance and capacity tradeoff between various system parameters under a fixed total bandwidth expansion and error correction codes' complexity constraint requirements. It is shown that compared to uncoded systems, the proposed space-time coding system dramatically decreases the BER and increases the system capacity.
Van Wyk, DJ, Oppermann, IJ, Pretorius, E & Van Rooyen, PGW 1970, 'On the construction of layered space-time coded modulation (STCM) codes employing MTCM code design techniques', Gateway to 21st Century Communications Village. VTC 1999-Fall. IEEE VTS 50th Vehicular Technology Conference (Cat. No.99CH36324), Gateway to 21st Century Communications Village. VTC 1999-Fall. IEEE VTS 50th Vehicular Technology Conference, IEEE, pp. 2969-2973.
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The field of Space-Time Coded Modulation (STCM) has recently attracted interest as a means of improving link reliability in mobile environments. It has been shown that these space-time multiple-antenna systems provide very high capacity when compared to single antenna systems in a Rayleigh fading environment. Specifically for the forward-link, space-time coded transmit diversity should be incorporated into the wireless communication system in order to take full advantage of the combined space- (multiple-transmit antennas) and time- (forward error correction coding) diversity scheme. In this paper, we adopt a heuristic approach to the design and evaluation of diagonally layered STCM schemes by utilizing classical Multiple-Trellis Coded-Modulation (MTCM) techniques. We will focus mainly on the construction of simple 4-state diagonally layered space-time convolutionally coded systems. The designed STCM systems will be used in a comparative performance investigation with the originally proposed STCM codes. Computer simulations are used to evaluate the performance of the code designs on flat Rayleigh fading channels.
Wijesoma, WS & Kodagoda, KRS 1970, 'Synthesis of Stable Fuzzy PD/PID Control Laws for Robotic Manipulators from a Variable Structure Systems Standpoint', Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1625, International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Theory and Applications,, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 495-511.
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Willey, K, Osborn, T, Eckert, MP, Liwanag, R & Reisenfeld, S 1970, 'The Suitability of Using NORAD TLE's to Track LEO Satellites with Ka Band Communications', Proceedings 5th Ka Band Utilization Conference, 5th Ka Band Utilization Conference, Instituto Internazionale Delle Comunicazioni, Taormina, Sicily Island, Italy..
Woodward, G, Oppermann, I & Talvitie, J 1970, 'Outdoor-indoor temporal and spatial wideband channel model for ISM bands', Gateway to 21st Century Communications Village. VTC 1999-Fall. IEEE VTS 50th Vehicular Technology Conference (Cat. No.99CH36324), Gateway to 21st Century Communications Village. VTC 1999-Fall. IEEE VTS 50th Vehicular Technology Conference (Cat. No.99CH36324), IEEE, pp. 136-140.
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This paper presents early results from a study to develop wideband 2-dimensional channel models for ISM bands. Wideband measurements were carried out in Oxford, UK at 2.4 and 5.7 GHz, covering a bandwidth of 80 MHz for static outdoor to indoor scenarios. The measurements were targeted to provide impulse responses with angle-of-arrival information, information on correlation between horizontal and vertical polarisation, and information on small-scale spatial correlation. Parameter extraction used for the measured raw data is briefly described. Examples of the results of parameter extraction are presented. The approach to the channel modelling is to model the clustering of multipath components in both time (delay) and space. The statistics of the cluster parameters will be fitted against the measured data. A Markov chain model in both temporal and spatial domain will be utilised. © 1999 IEEE.
Wu, Y, Samali, B, Li, J & Nguyen, HT 1970, 'Modal Analysis of XBJ2 Automobile', International Conference on Application of Modal Analysis '99, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia.
Yu, Q & Hoang, DB 1970, 'Multipoint-to-Point ABR Service with Fair Intelligent Congestion Control in ATM Networks', Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 393-395.
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© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1999. Current standards of ATM can only support pt-pt (or unicast) connections and unidirectional point-to-multipoint (pt-mpt) connection and do not provide a scalable solution for truly multipoint-to-multipoint (mpt-mpt) communication. The main reason is that AAL5 does not provide multiplexing identification on a per cell basis. Cells from different packets on a single connection cannot be interleaved. To preserve AAL5 structure, additional mechanisms are needed at the merging point to differentiate packets and prevent cell mixing. In our previous study [1], we have proposed a Fair Intelligent Congestion Control (FICC) for ABR point-to-point traffic. It was demonstrated that FICC is simple, robust, efficient, scalable and fair relative to other proposed congestion control algorithms. In this paper we propose to apply FICC together with simple queueing and scheduling mechanism to provide efficient, fair bandwidth allocation and congestion control in a multipoint-topoint (mpt-pt) connection for heterogeneous service with different data rates. The simulation results show that FICC preserves all the desirable point-to-point properties, and performs equally well in multipoint-to-point connections.
Zowghi, D 1970, 'Maintaining and Comparing Requirements', Proceedings of the Fourth Australian Conference on Requirements Engineering, Australian Workshop on Requirements Engineering, Australia, pp. 115-129.
