Abu Sabah, E, Tobin, LA, Lebreton, F, McGann, PT & Hamidian, M 2025, 'Phylogenomics, evolution and origin of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ST15', Microbial Genomics, vol. 11, no. 7.
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We studied the genomic evolution and transmission dynamics of multidrug-resistant ST15 (Institut Pasteur scheme) Acinetobacter baumannii, examining resistance gene acquisition, clonal diversification, geographic distribution and origin of this high-risk clone. One hundred and fifty-two (n=152) ST15 genomes from 18 countries (1997–2024), including 42 isolates from U.S. Military Treatment Facilities and 110 publicly available genomes in GenBank, were analysed. Whole-genome sequencing, assembly and annotation were performed using established bioinformatics pipelines. Phylogenetic analysis based on core-genome SNPs – filtered for recombination with Gubbins – was combined with mobile element and resistance gene identification. ST15 isolates separated into two main clades with distinct subclades and variable resistance profiles. Homologous recombination drove the diversification of resistance determinants, including multiple ampC alleles. Key resistance genes, such as bla OXA-23, were disseminated via known transposons (Tn2006 or Tn2008), while plasmid exchange, including dif module acquisitions, also played a role in the spread of bla CARB. Patristic analysis identified Argentina as the likely origin for the emergence of ST15, aligning with early 1997 isolates. Recombination, transposon-mediated gene transfer and plasmid exchange have been central in driving the evolution and global dissemination of ST15.
Adhikari, S, Mahmud, MAP, Moon, E & Timms, W 2025, 'Assessing the environmental benefits of biochar application in agriculture: Insights from lifecycle assessment'.
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Organic waste-derived biochar has been proven to have a significant potential for soil improvement, with recent results from this group showing evidence for improved water holding capacity, carbon stability and exchangeable cations. However, to contextualise these benefits it is important to consider environmental impacts during each stage of life cycle for the product.In this study, a cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed, comparing a common use for garden organics (composting) to two alternative scenarios. One involved converting over-sized compost screenings (otherwise considered waste) to biochar as a supplementary product from the process, and the other involved converting garden organics directly to biochar as an alternative product.LCA was conducted using ReCiPe2016 impact assessment method in OpenLCA software. Data for assessment were collected from the participating industries and Ecoinvent database. Sensitivity analysis considering different transport distances was carried out and finally an optimum transport distance with the lowest environmental impacts was recommended. Additionally, physico-chemical characterisation and carbon stability assessment were conducted to provide a comprehensive idea about the overall benefits of organic waste-derived biochar for soil and climate.Our results revealed that global warming was increased from 675 kgCO2eq during composting of garden waste to 1017 kgCO2eq where over-sized screenings of compost is converted to biochar as a value-added product. Direct conversion of organic waste to biochar showed reduced global warming impact of 428 kgCO2eq compared to the previous two scenarios. Among 16 environmental impact indicators studied, the magnitude of 10 impact indicators increased with transport distance, while the remaining six indicators were not influenced by transport distance.Soil application of biochar from organic waste has multiple co-benefits, that can be short and/or long t...
Adil, M, Mahmud, MAP, Kouzani, AZ & Khoo, SY 2025, 'Reward Based Charging and Discharging of Electric Vehicles Using Deep Q-Learning and Stackelberg Game', IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 6721-6735.
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Afrose, D, Alfonso-Sánchez, S & McClements, L 2025, 'Targeting oxidative stress in preeclampsia', Hypertension in Pregnancy, vol. 44, no. 1.
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Akter, F, Krishnan, L, Mestres, G, Gustafsson, J, Ralph, PJ & Kuzhiumparambil, U 2025, 'Physicochemical characterization and evaluation of the antioxidant potential of water-soluble polysaccharides from red microalgae, Rhodomonas salina', International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, vol. 310, pp. 143417-143417.
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Aldrick, A & de la Hunty, M 2025, 'Navigating the Challenges of Implementing New Fire Investigation Tools in Australia: The Fire Origin Matrix Method', WIREs Forensic Science, vol. 7, no. 2.
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ABSTRACTFire investigation employs an interdisciplinary approach, integrating knowledge from fire science, chemistry, materials science, emergency management, and engineering, and applying it systematically through a forensic lens. In Australia, fire investigation spans both the public and private sectors, and pathways into the field are extremely varied. Although there are globally available guidelines for fire investigation, given the variation in initial and ongoing training and education of fire investigators, scene‐to‐scene variations, and the enduring changes in modern materials and building practices, the evolution and refinement of investigative methodology largely relies on the communication of tacit and experiential knowledge of the investigative cohort. This article provides a brief review of some fundamental fire investigation principles and discusses the introduction of the Fire Origin Matrix method of origin determination for fire investigation. We then highlight the challenges in the uptake and understanding of novel methods for fire investigation, discuss some of the barriers to advancing fire investigation, and provide some comments on the future of fire investigation in Australia.
Ali, M, Chishti, AN, Ali, M, Iqbal, S, Aman, S, Mahmood, A, Liu, H, Yousaf, M & Jiang, Y 2025, 'Recent development in sodium metal batteries: challenges, progress, and perspective', Materials Today, vol. 88, pp. 730-751.
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Alvarez, PR, Harris, RJ, Cook, AM, Briceño, VF, Nicotra, AB & Leigh, A 2025, 'Native Australian seedlings exhibit novel strategies to acclimate to repeated heatwave events', Oecologia, vol. 207, no. 6, p. 84.
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Abstract Heatwaves are becoming more intense and frequent. Plant photosystem thermal thresholds can vary with species, but also shift in response to environmental triggers. Both upper and lower thresholds can acclimate to repeated heatwaves through ecological stress memory, where prior exposure primes them for subsequent events. The extent to which acclimation to repeated heat stress events varies among environmental origin and/or species is unknown. Different acclimation strategies might reflect biome of origin, or may be species-specific. For 12 species from two contrasting biomes—extreme desert and benign coastal temperate—we investigated responses to two simulated heatwaves, via shifts in upper and lower critical temperatures of photosystem II, and the difference between these thresholds, thermal tolerance breadth (TTB). Biome of origin had no effect on thermal tolerance. Observed differences among species following heat events suggested two possible acclimatory strategies. In some cases, species increased thermal thresholds during the first heatwave, but at the cost of reduced thermal tolerance during the second heatwave, a sprinter strategy. Other species acclimated to the first heatwave and further increased thermal tolerance to a second heatwave, indicative of ecological stress memory, a marathoner strategy. Synthesis: these among-species responses to heatwaves could suggest distinct vulnerabilities and resilience to repeat heat stress events, with some species having limited capacity to tolerate consecutive heatwaves, possibly as the cost of acclimation is too great, with other species having the advantage of increased tolerance via stress memory, helping them survive future stress, at least in the short-term.
Andrew, SC, Harris, RJ, Coppin, C, Nicotra, AB, Leigh, A & Mokany, K 2025, 'Transcriptomic Temperature Stress Responses Show Differentiation Between Biomes for Diverse Plants', Genome Biology and Evolution, vol. 17, no. 4.
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Abstract Plants are foundational to terrestrial ecosystems, and because they are sessile, they are particularly reliant on physiological plasticity to respond to weather extremes. However, variation in conserved transcriptomic responses to temperature extremes is not well described across plants from contrasting environments. Beyond molecular responses, photosystem II thermal tolerance traits are widely used to assay plant thermal tolerance. To explore options for improving the prediction of thermal tolerance capacity, we investigated variation in the transcriptomic stress responses of 20 native Australian plant species from varied environments, using de novo transcriptome assemblies and 188 RNA-sequencing libraries. We documented gene expression responses for biological processes, to both hot and cold temperature treatments, that were consistent with conserved transcriptomic stress responses seen in model species. The pathways with the most significant responses were generally related to signaling and stress responses. The magnitude of some responses showed differentiation between the species from contrasting arid, alpine, and temperate biomes. This variation among biomes indicated that postheat exposure, alpine and temperate species had greater shifts in expression than arid species and alpine species had weaker responses to the cold treatment. Changes in the median expression of biological processes were also compared to plasticity in photosystem II heat and cold tolerance traits. Gene expression responses showed some expected relationships with photosystem II thermal tolerance plasticity, but these two response types appeared to be mostly independent. Our findings demonstrate the potential for using variation in conserved transcriptomic traits to characterize the sensitivity of plants from diverse taxa to temperature extremes.
Ang, CG, Hyatt, NL, Le Minh, G, Gupta, M, Kadam, M, Hogg, PJ, Smith, AB & Chaiken, IM 2025, 'Conformational activation and disulfide exchange in HIV-1 Env induce cell-free lytic/fusogenic transformation and enhance infection', Journal of Virology, vol. 99, no. 3.
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ABSTRACT Disulfide exchange is underexplored as a mechanism influencing HIV-1 entry. Prior studies demonstrated that redox enzyme inhibition can prevent HIV-1 infection but with limited mechanistic explanation. We hypothesize that ligand-driven rearrangement (“conformational activation”) enables enzyme-mediated disulfide exchange in Env residues (“disulfide trigger”) that promotes fusion transformations, enhancing virus entry. We tested soluble CD4 and CD4-binding site entry inhibitors as conformational activators and the ubiquitous redox enzyme thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) as disulfide trigger. We found that combination treatment caused fusion-like Env transformation and pseudovirus lysis, independent of cells. Notably, only compounds associated with gp120 shedding caused lysis when paired with Trx1. In each case, lysis was prevented by adding the fusion inhibitor T20, demonstrating that six-helix bundle formation is required as in virus–cell fusion. In contrast to conformationally activating ligands, neither the ground state stabilizer BMS-806 with Trx1 nor Trx1 alone caused lysis. Order of addition experiments reinforced conformational activation/disulfide trigger as a sequential process, with virus/activator preincubation transiently enhancing lysis and virus/Trx1 preincubation reducing lysis. Lastly, addition of exogenous Trx1 to typical pseudovirus infections exhibited dose-dependent enhancement of infection. Altogether, these data support conformational activation and disulfide triggering as a mechanism that can induce and enhance the fusogenic transformation of Env. IMPORTANCE HIV remains a global epidemic despite effective anti-retroviral therapies (ART) that suppress viral replication. Damage from early-stage infection and immune cell depletion lingers, as ART enables o...
Angeloski, A, Galaviz, P, Mole, RA, Piltz, RO, McDonagh, AM, Ennis, C & Appadoo, D 2025, 'Manipulating a Thermosalient Crystal Using Selective Deuteration', Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 147, no. 9, pp. 8032-8047.
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Armbrecht, L, Focardi, A, Lawler, K-A, O’Brien, P, Leventer, A, Noble, T, Opdyke, B, Duffy, M, Evangelinos, D, George, SC, Lieser, J, López-Quirós, A, Post, A, Ostrowski, M, Paulsen, I & Armand, L 2025, 'From the Surface Ocean to the Seafloor: Linking Modern and Paleo-Genetics at the Sabrina Coast, East Antarctica (IN2017_V01)'.
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With ongoing climate change, research into the biological changes occurring in particularly vulnerable ecosystems, such as Antarctica, is critical. The Totten Glacier region, Sabrina Coast, is currently experiencing some of the highest rates of thinning across all East Antarctica. An assessment of the microscopic organisms supporting the ecosystem of the marginal sea-ice zone over the continental rise is important, yet there is a lack of knowledge about the diversity and distribution of these organisms throughout the water column, and their occurrence and/or preservation in the underlying sediments. Here, we provide a taxonomic overview of the modern and ancient marine bacterial and eukaryotic communities of the Totten Glacier region, using a combination of 16S and 18S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing (modern DNA) and shotgun metagenomics (sedimentary ancient DNA, sedaDNA). Our data show considerable differences between eukaryote and bacterial signals in the water column versus the sediments. Proteobacteria and diatoms dominate the bacterial and eukaryote composition in the upper water column, while diatoms, dinoflagellates, and haptophytes notably decrease in relative abundance with increasing water depth. Little diatom sedaDNA was recovered from the sediments. Instead, sedaDNA was dominated by Proteobacteria and Retaria. We compare the diatom microfossil and sedaDNA record and link the weak preservation of diatom sedaDNA to DNA degradation while sinking through the water column to the seafloor. This study provides the first assessment of DNA transfer from ocean waters to sediments and an overview of the microscopic communities occurring in the climatically important Totten Glacier region. Such knowledge is important when reconstructing past ecosystems using the emerging sedaDNA approach as a new paleo-proxy, and the interpretation of biological changes in response to Antarctic ice sheet advances and retreats.
Arnold, PA, Noble, DWA, Nicotra, AB, Kearney, MR, Rezende, EL, Andrew, SC, Briceño, VF, Buckley, LB, Christian, KA, Clusella‐Trullas, S, Geange, SR, Guja, LK, Jiménez Robles, O, Kefford, BJ, Kellermann, V, Leigh, A, Marchin, RM, Mokany, K & Bennett, JM 2025, 'A Framework for Modelling Thermal Load Sensitivity Across Life', Global Change Biology, vol. 31, no. 7.
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ABSTRACTForecasts of vulnerability to climate warming require an integrative understanding of how species are exposed to, are damaged by, and recover from thermal stress in natural environments. The sensitivity of species to temperature depends on the frequency, duration, and magnitude of thermal stress. Thus, there is a generally recognized need to move beyond physiological metrics based solely on critical thermal limits and integrate them with natural heat exposure regimes. Here we propose the thermal load sensitivity (TLS) framework, which integrates biophysical principles for quantifying exposure with physiological principles of the dynamics of damage and repair processes in driving sublethal impacts on organisms. Building upon the established thermal death time (TDT) model, which integrates both the magnitude and duration of stress, the TLS framework attempts to disentangle the accumulation of damage and subsequent repair processes that alter responses to thermal stress. With the aid of case studies and reproducible simulation examples, we discuss how the TLS framework can be applied to enhance our understanding of the ecology and evolution of heat stress responses. These include assessing thermal sensitivity across diverse taxonomic groups, throughout ontogeny, and for modular organisms, as well as integrating additional stressors in combination with temperature. We identify critical research opportunities, knowledge gaps, and novel ways of integrating physiological measures of thermal sensitivity to improve understanding and predictions of thermal vulnerability at various scales across life.
Ashique, S, Mishra, N, Garg, A, Garg, S, Farid, A, Rai, S, Gupta, G, Dua, K, Paudel, KR & Taghizadeh-Hesary, F 2025, 'A Critical Review on the Long-Term COVID-19 Impacts on Patients With Diabetes', The American Journal of Medicine, vol. 138, no. 2, pp. 308-329.
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Ataria, JM, Parata, TK, Moores, AH, Iti, H, Hill, C, Chiblow, S, Murphy, M, McGregor, D, Moggridge, BJ, Hikuroa, DCH, Tremblay, LA, Öberg, G, Demers, M & Brooks, BW 2025, 'Towards the Sustainable Management of Chemicals and Waste: Weaving Indigenous Knowledge with Green and Sustainable Chemistry', ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1-4.
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Awad, W, Mayall, JR, Xu, W, Johansen, MD, Patton, T, Lim, XY, Galvao, I, Howson, LJ, Brown, AC, Haw, TJ, Donovan, C, Das, S, Albers, GJ, Pai, T-Y, Hortle, E, Gillis, CM, Hansbro, NG, Horvat, JC, Liu, L, Mak, JYW, McCluskey, J, Fairlie, DP, Corbett, AJ, Hansbro, PM & Rossjohn, J 2025, 'Cigarette smoke components modulate the MR1–MAIT axis', Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol. 222, no. 2.
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Tobacco smoking is prevalent across the world and causes numerous diseases. Cigarette smoke (CS) compromises immunity, yet little is known of the components of CS that impact T cell function. MR1 is a ubiquitous molecule that presents bacterial metabolites to MAIT cells, which are highly abundant in the lungs. Using in silico, cellular, and biochemical approaches, we identified components of CS that bind MR1 and impact MR1 cell surface expression. Compounds, including nicotinaldehyde, phenylpropanoid, and benzaldehyde-related scaffolds, bound within the A′ pocket of MR1. CS inhibited MAIT cell activation, ex vivo, via TCR-dependent and TCR-independent mechanisms. Chronic CS exposure altered MAIT cell phenotype and function and attenuated MAIT cell responses to influenza A virus infection in vivo. MR1-deficient mice were partially protected from the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) features that were associated with CS exposure. Thus, CS can impair MAIT cell function by diverse mechanisms, and potentially contribute to infection susceptibility and disease exacerbations.
Bacaoco, MY, Galettis, MJ, Huang, J, Ilin, D & Solntsev, AS 2025, 'Generation of Tunable Three‐Photon Entanglement in Cubic Nonlinear Coupled Waveguides', Advanced Quantum Technologies, vol. 8, no. 5.
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AbstractThe generation of three‐photon states with spatial entanglement in cubic nonlinear coupled waveguides is theoretically investigated using third‐order spontaneous parametric down‐conversion and quantum walks. This approach involves independently pumping two coupled waveguides to generate a path‐encoded three‐photon Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) state, which then evolves with complex spatial dynamics governed by coupling coefficients and phase mismatch. By appropriate parameter tuning, the generation of robust heralded Bell states is demonstrated, uniform states, and GHZ‐like states at the chip output. This work demonstrates an integrated source of three‐photon spatial entanglement on a simple chip, offering additional reconfigurability for advanced multiphoton quantum applications.
Bacaoco, MY, Koshelev, K & Solntsev, AS 2025, 'Third-Order Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion in Dielectric Nonlinear Resonant Metasurfaces', ACS Photonics, vol. 12, no. 8, pp. 4397-4405.
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Bai, X, Zhang, Y, Zhao, H, Zi, Y, Xu, Z, Huang, A, Cun, Y, Liu, Y, Song, Z, Qiu, J, Liao, J & Yang, Z 2025, 'Flexible X‐Ray Detector for Cumulative Dose Monitoring Through Reversible Photochromism and Luminescence Modulation', Advanced Science, vol. 12, no. 6.
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AbstractThis study presents a multi‐mode X‐ray detection and imaging strategy by integrating photochromism, photoluminescence, and radioluminescence into Tb3+‐doped CaAl2Si2O8. CaAl2Si2O8: Tb3+ exhibits stable radioluminescence, oxygen vacancy‐related photochromism, and photoluminescence modulation, all of which showed a linear relationship with X‐ray exposure. This multi‐mode response enables high‐quality imaging and detection in both bright and dark conditions, facilitating time‐dependent cumulative X‐ray radiation dose assessments. Reversible color and luminescence changes are achieved through cyclic tests involving alternating X‐ray and 473 nm laser irradiation. The PDMS CaAl2Si2O8: Tb3+ ink and flexible film demonstrate high suitability for wearable X‐ray detection devices and imaging of irregular objects, offering an innovative approach to X‐ray detection and imaging.
Bai, Z, Wang, Z, Wang, T, Wu, Z, Gao, X, Bai, Y, Wang, G & Sun, K 2025, 'Cation‐Vacancy Engineering Modulated Perovskite Oxide for Boosting Electrocatalytic Conversion of Polysulfides', Advanced Functional Materials, vol. 35, no. 14.
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AbstractLithium‐sulfur batteries face challenges like polysulfide shuttle and slow conversion kinetics, hindering their practical applications in renewable energy storage and electric vehicles. Herein, a solution to solve this issue is reported by using a cation vacancy engineering strategy with rational synthesis of La‐deficient LaCoO3 (LCO‐VLa). The introduction of cation vacancies in LCO‐VLa modifies the geometric structure of coordinating atoms, exposing Co‐rich surface with more catalytically active surfaces. Meanwhile, the d‐band center of LCO‐VLa shifts toward the Fermi level, enhancing polysulfide adsorption. Furthermore, multivalent cobalt ions (Co3+/Co4+) induced by charge compensation enhance the electrical conductivity of LCO‐VLa, accelerating electron transfer processes and improving catalytic performance. Theoretical calculations and experimental characterizations demonstrate that La‐deficient LCO‐VLa effectively suppresses the polysulfide shuttle, reduces the energy barrier for polysulfide conversion, and accelerates redox reaction kinetics. LCO‐VLa‐based batteries demonstrate exceptional rate performance and cycling stability, retaining 70% capacity after nearly 500 cycles at 1.0 C, with a minimal decay rate of 0.055% per cycle. These findings highlight the significance of cation vacancy engineering for exploring precise structure‐activity relationships during polysulfides conversion, facilitating the rational design of catalysts at the atomic level for lithium‐sulfur batteries.
Bandyopadhyay, M 2025, 'Study of Ricci and Riemann soliton structures on concircularly ϕ-recurrent Sasakian manifolds', Filomat, vol. 39, no. 7, pp. 2141-2151.
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The object of this paper is to study some properties of Ricci soliton structures on concircularly ϕ-recurrent Sasakian manifolds. Initially, it is proved that a concircularly ϕ-recurrent Sasakian manifold is an Einstein manifold and as a consequence of this, the Weyl conformal curvature tensor satisfies W(ξ, X)Y = 0. Further, the characterization of the vector field admitting Ricci and Riemann soliton have been studied. Additionally, the three-dimensional locally concircularly ϕ-recurrent Sasakian manifolds have been considered with an example and also it has been shown that such a manifold admitting almost Ricci soliton reduces to Ricci soliton.
Bardet, L, Zavabeti, A, Salih, A, Zhang, D, Kilani, M, Ghasemian, MB, Tadich, A, Sun, Y, Johnston, L, Wang, D, Seidel, J, Allioux, F, Ton‐That, C, Tang, J & Kalantar‐Zadeh, K 2025, 'High‐Entropy Liquid Metal Process for Transparent Ultrathin p‐Type Gallium Oxide', Advanced Functional Materials, vol. 35, no. 32.
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AbstractThe naturally self‐limiting oxide formed on the surface of liquid metals can be exfoliated and transferred onto various substrates. This oxide layer with a thickness of a few nanometers is typically highly transparent and can be engineered for applications in large‐area optoelectronics. While the incorporation of solvated elements into the interfacial oxide of post‐transition metal‐based liquid metals is demonstrated for n‐doping, achieving p‐doping in such ultrathin oxide layers remains a significant challenge. In this study, the use of dissolved indium (In), platinum (Pt), gold (Au), palladium (Pd), and copper (Cu) in gallium (Ga)‐based alloys is investigated to create a high‐entropy liquid metal system. This allows the exfoliation of a p‐doped ultrathin oxide layer, predominantly composed of gallium oxide (Ga2O3). The incorporation of these post‐transition metals in this high‐entropy system results in their atomic dispersion, with Cu exhibiting limited surface presence. The atomically dispersed Pt, Au, and Pd metals scavenge oxygen during exfoliation at moderate temperatures and release them during cooling down, promoting the emergence of trivalent metallic In in Ga oxide layer. This work presents a novel doping strategy at moderate temperatures to achieve p‐doped liquid‐metal‐derived ultrathin Ga2O3 layers, which maintain high transparency.
Bashir, B, Gulati, M, Vishwas, S, Gupta, G, Dhanasekaran, M, Paudel, KR, Chellappan, DK, Anand, K, Negi, P, Singh, PK, Rajput, A, Dua, K & Singh, SK 2025, 'Bridging gap in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease via postbiotics: Current practices and future prospects', Ageing Research Reviews, vol. 105, pp. 102689-102689.
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Bashir, B, Vishwas, S, Gupta, G, Paudel, KR, Dureja, H, Kumar, P, Cho, H, Sugandhi, VV, Kumbhar, PS, Disouza, J, Dhanasekaran, M, Goh, BH, Gulati, M, Dua, K & Singh, SK 2025, 'Does drug repurposing bridge the gaps in management of Parkinson’s disease? Unravelling the facts and fallacies', Ageing Research Reviews, vol. 105, pp. 102693-102693.
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Baumgart, A, Clarke, RJ, Cranfield, CG, Zerlotti, R & Buoninsegni, FT 2025, 'BPS2025 - Membrane binding of hydrophobic ions: Dipole potential revisited', Biophysical Journal, vol. 124, no. 3, pp. 92a-92a.
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Baumgart, A, Le, DT, Cranfield, CG, Bridge, S, Zerlotti, R, Palchetti, I, Tadini-Buoninsegni, F & Clarke, RJ 2025, 'Membrane Binding of Hydrophobic Ions: Application of New Kinetic Techniques', Langmuir, vol. 41, no. 12, pp. 8081-8091.
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Beaman, JE, Gates, K, Saltré, F, Hogg, CJ, Belov, K, Ashman, K, da Silva, KB, Beheregaray, LB & Bradshaw, CJA 2025, 'A Guide for Developing Demo‐Genetic Models to Simulate Genetic Rescue', Evolutionary Applications, vol. 18, no. 5.
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ABSTRACTGenetic rescue is a conservation management strategy that reduces the negative effects of genetic drift and inbreeding in small and isolated populations. However, such populations might already be vulnerable to random fluctuations in growth rates (demographic stochasticity). Therefore, the success of genetic rescue depends not only on the genetic composition of the source and target populations but also on the emergent outcome of interacting demographic processes and other stochastic events. Developing predictive models that account for feedback between demographic and genetic processes (‘demo‐genetic feedback’) is therefore necessary to guide the implementation of genetic rescue to minimize the risk of extinction of threatened populations. Here, we explain how the mutual reinforcement of genetic drift, inbreeding, and demographic stochasticity increases extinction risk in small populations. We then describe how these processes can be modelled by parameterizing underlying mechanisms, including deleterious mutations with partial dominance and demographic rates with variances that increase as abundance declines. We combine our suggestions of model parameterization with a comparison of the relevant capability and flexibility of five open‐source programs designed for building genetically explicit, individual‐based simulations. Using one of the programs, we provide a heuristic model to demonstrate that simulated genetic rescue can delay extinction of small virtual populations that would otherwise be exposed to greater extinction risk due to demo‐genetic feedback. We then use a case study of threatened Australian marsupials to demonstrate that published genetic data can be used in one or all stages of model development and application, including parameterization, calibration, and validation. We highlight that genetic rescue can be simulated with either virtual or empirical sequence variation (or a hybrid approach) and ...
Bellotto, C, Fowler, AM & Booth, DJ 2025, 'Overwintering performance of three juvenile temperate estuarine fishes', Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, vol. 584, pp. 152087-152087.
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Beltrán, I, Vila-Pouca, C, Loiseleur, R, Webb, JK, Herculano-Houzel, S & Whiting, MJ 2025, 'Effect of elevated incubation temperatures on learning and brain anatomy of hatchling and juvenile lizards', Journal of Comparative Physiology B, vol. 195, no. 1, pp. 67-79.
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Bennitt, FB, Wozniak, S, Causey, K, Spearman, S, Okereke, C, Garcia, V, Hashmeh, N, Ashbaugh, C, Abdelkader, A, Abdoun, M, Abdurebi, MJ, Abedi, A, Abeldaño Zuñiga, RA, Aboagye, RG, Abubakar, B, Abu-Zaid, A, Adane, MM, Adegboye, OA, Adekanmbi, V, Adepoju, AV, Adeyeoluwa, TE, Adeyomoye, OI, Adha, R, Afzal, MS, Afzal, S, Agide, FD, Ahmad, A, Ahmad, D, Ahmad, MM, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, A, Ahmed, A, Ahmed, H, Ajami, M, Akinyemi, RO, Al Awaidy, S, Al Hamad, H, Alajlani, MM, Alemayohu, MA, Al-Gheethi, AAS, Ali, A, Ali, W, Alif, SM, Almustanyir, S, Alvis-Guzman, N, Alvis-Zakzuk, NJ, Aly, H, Amu, H, Amusa, GA, Anagaw, TF, Anuoluwa, BS, Anuoluwa, IA, Anvari, S, Anyabolo, EE, Apostol, GLC, Aravkin, AY, Areda, D, Aregawi, BB, Aremu, O, Asgedom, AA, Ashemo, MY, Ashraf, T, Athari, SS, Azadnajafabad, S, Azzam, AY, Babu, GR, Bahramian, S, Bam, K, Banach, M, Banik, B, Baran, MF, Barone-Adesi, F, Barteit, S, Bashiru, HA, Baskaran, P, Bastan, M-M, Basu, S, Basu, S, Belay, SA, Belayneh, M, Beloukas, A, Bennett, DA, Bhagat, DS, Bhandari, D, Bhardwaj, P, Bhaskar, S, Bhat, AN, Bhattacharjee, P, Bhatti, GK, Bhatti, MSS, Bilgin, C, Boampong, MS, Boppana, SH, Bosoka, SA, Boudalia, S, Cao, F, Chandika, RM, Chanie, GS, Chattu, VK, Chaudhary, AA, Chaurasia, A, Chen, G, Chen, Y, Chimoriya, R, Chong, B, Christopher, DJ, Chukwu, IS, Cohen, AJ, Cruz-Martins, N, Dadras, O, Dai, X, Daikwo, PU, Darcho, SD, Das, S, Delgado-Saborit, JM, Desye, B, Dey, S, Dhimal, M, Diaz, D, Do, TC, Doshi, OP, E'mar, AR, Ebrahimi, A, Edinur, HA, Eftekharimehrabad, A, Ekundayo, TC, El Bayoumy, IF, Emdadul Haque, S, Emeto, TI, Enyew, HD, Fahim, A, Fakunle, AG, Faridi, S, Fazylov, T, Feizkhah, A, Fischer, F, Folayan, MO, G, S, Gadanya, MA, Gao, X, Gebregergis, MW, Gebrehiwot, M, Gebremeskel, TG, Ghasemzadeh, A, Ghith, N, Golechha, M, Golinelli, D, Guan, S-Y, Guo, Z, Gupta, B, Gupta, L, Halwani, R, Hasaballah, AI, Hasnain, MS, Hay, SI, Heyi, DZ, Hezam, K, Hoan, NQ, Holla, R, Hosseinzadeh, H, Hu, C, Huynh, H-H, Hwang, B-F, Ibitoye, SE, Idowu, OO, Ikiroma, A, Immurana, M, Inok, A, Iqhrammullah, M, Islam, RM, Islam, SMS, J, V, Jairoun, AA, Jaiswal, A, Jakovljevic, M, Jalilzadeh Yengejeh, R, Janodia, MD, Jayaram, S, Jema, AT, Jha, RP, Jonas, JB, Joseph, N, Kadashetti, V, Kanmodi, KK, Kansal, SK, Karaye, IM, Kayode, GA, Khajuria, H, Khalaji, A, Khanal, V, Khatab, K, Kheirallah, KA & et al. 2025, 'Global, regional, and national burden of household air pollution, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021', The Lancet, vol. 405, no. 10485, pp. 1167-1181.
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Berezowski, V, Taoum, K, Wang, J, Birch, P, Roux, C & Huo, H 2025, 'Investigating identity crime and misuse in Australia: the role of prevention technologies and the likelihood of victimisation', Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 50-63.
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PurposeThis study examines identity theft as a significant and growing issue in Australia, not only due to its financial impact but also because of the emotional, psychological, and physical harm it causes, making it a public health concern. This study aims to analyse the results of the 2019 Australian Institute of Criminology (AIC) survey to identify factors associated with an increased likelihood of identity theft victimisation.Design/methodology/approachThis study involved a detailed analysis of the 2019 AIC survey, which had 9,968 respondents from a sample of 10,000. The research focused on whether respondents had ever been victimised by identity theft and analysed various characteristics, including demographics (gender, age, Indigenous status, education), income, computer usage, and preventive technology use, as potential indicators of future victimisation. Univariate analyses (chi-squared test and two-sample t-test) were used to assess individual associations, whereas a multivariate analysis (logistic regression) identified significant predictors of victimisation.FindingsThe univariate analyses indicated that all sub-variables were individually associated with identity theft victimisation. However, the multivariate analysis revealed that only identifying as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander, having an income between $18,201 and $37,000, and using multiple preventive technologies were significant predictors of victimisation. The unexpected finding that increased preventive technology use correlates with a higher risk of victimisation contradicts the survey’s suggestion that victims adopt more careful behaviour post-victimisation....
Bergin, R, Peters, S, Mitrovic, S & Bishop, DP 2025, 'Simultaneous Multiclass Analysis of Cyanotoxins in Cyanobacterial Samples Using Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography‐Tandem Mass Spectrometry', Journal of Separation Science, vol. 48, no. 3.
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ABSTRACTThe proliferation of cyanobacteria can result in algal blooms, which may cause environmental and biological harm due to the production and release of secondary metabolites, or cyanotoxins, into the affected waterway. Cyanobacteria can produce multiple classes of cyanotoxins; therefore, to understand the full toxic load of algal blooms, it is necessary to perform analyses that quantify each class. These classes are generally monitored individually due to the challenges associated with the differing physicochemical properties of the cyanotoxins. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) is a form of chromatography capable of retaining multiple classes of cyanotoxins that differ in physicochemical properties. Here an HILIC‐MS/MS method was developed and validated to detect 3 microcystins, 11 saxitoxins, and 2 anatoxins. The chromatographic conditions were optimized to allow for the separation of multiple pairs of saxitoxin epimers, and in‐source fragmentation in the MS interface was used to develop unique MRMs between the pairs. The method was validated and had low limits of detection (LODs, between 0.00770 and 9.75 µg L−1) and limits of quantification (LOQs, between 0.0257 and 32.5 µg L−1) for all compounds. All analytes exhibited good linearity (R2 values ≥ 0.991) and low percentage relative standard deviations for retention time (0%–1.74%) and peak area (4.54%–27.6%), with spiked recoveries ranging from 75.6% to 117% for all compounds. A multiclass sample preparation method to extract the three classes of analytes from cyanobacterial samples was developed and validated, with 80:20 acetonitrile:water and 0.1% formic acid as the optimal extraction solvent. The newly developed sample preparation and analysis methods were applied to cultured cyanobacteria and field samples, with microcystins and saxitoxins detected. ...
Bhattacharya, K, Bhattacharjee, A, Chakraborty, M, Das, D & Paudel, KR 2025, 'From Antipsychotic to Neuroprotective: Computational Repurposing of Fluspirilene as a Potential PDE5 Inhibitor for Alzheimer's Disease', Journal of Computational Chemistry, vol. 46, no. 2.
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ABSTRACTPhosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors have shown great potential in treating Alzheimer's disease by improving memory and cognitive function. In this study, we evaluated fluspirilene, a drug commonly used to treat schizophrenia, as a potential PDE5 inhibitor using computational methods. Molecular docking revealed that fluspirilene binds strongly to PDE5, supported by hydrophobic and aromatic interactions. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed that the fluspirilene–PDE5 complex is stable and maintains its structural integrity over time. Binding energy calculations further highlighted favorable interactions, indicating that the drug forms a strong and stable bond with PDE5. Additional analyses, including studies of protein dynamics and energy landscape mapping, revealed how the drug interacts dynamically with PDE5, adapting to different conformations and maintaining stability. These findings suggest that fluspirilene may modulate PDE5 activity, potentially offering therapeutic benefits for Alzheimer's disease. This study provides strong evidence for repurposing fluspirilene as a treatment for Alzheimer's and lays the foundation for further experimental and clinical investigations.
Bidyalakshmi, T, Jyoti, B, Mansuri, SM, Srivastava, A, Mohapatra, D, Kalnar, YB, Narsaiah, K & Indore, N 2025, 'Application of Artificial Intelligence in Food Processing: Current Status and Future Prospects', Food Engineering Reviews, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 27-54.
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Bilokur, M, Thompson, M, Arnold, M & Corr, C 2025, 'Self‐Organized Growth of Catalyst‐Free Single Crystal WnO3n‐2 (n = 25) Nanowire Bundles on Si (111) via Selective He+ Ion Irradiation', Advanced Materials Interfaces, vol. 12, no. 10.
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AbstractTungsten oxides (WOx) possess unique properties due to a synergy of multiple effects arising from their wide range of stoichiometric and sub‐stoichiometric compositions, defect chemistry, and polymorphism. Synthesis and incorporation of 1D WOx nano‐assemblies is an attractive pathway to enable highly efficient next‐generation photocatalysts, sensors, and optoelectronic devices offering tunability over electro‐optical response in a wide range of the spectrum, from UV–vis to NIR. However, synthesis of the metal oxide nano‐patterns represents a technological challenge, often requiring the presence of a catalyst. Herein, a simple and economical method of synthesizing a catalyst‐free self‐organized sub‐stoichiometric WnO3n‐2 (n = 25) single crystal nanowire bundles by selectively irradiating a Mo‐Ni doped WOx surface with low‐energy He+ ions (27 eV) at 700 °C is reported. The synergetic effect of multiple factors including temperature, effective local electric field along the exposed area of the sample, and the micro‐gap between the mask and the WOx (Mo – Ni) film, suitable oxygen content, doping, as well as shielding the nanowire growth area from the direct He+ ion irradiation is suggested to drive the single‐crystal wire growth. Adjustment is also observed in the effective refractive index and extinction coefficient values in the synthesized WnO3n‐2 nanorods across the solar spectrum.
Bird, MI, Brand, M, Comley, R, Hadeen, X, Jacobs, Z, Rowe, C, Saltré, F, Wurster, CM, Zwart, C & Bradshaw, CJA 2025, 'A 150,000-year lacustrine record of the Indo-Australian monsoon from northern Australia', Quaternary Science Reviews, vol. 366, pp. 109504-109504.
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Birla, D, Khandale, N, Bashir, B, ShahbazAlam, M, Vishwas, S, Gupta, G, Dureja, H, Kumbhar, PS, Disouza, J, Patravale, V, Veiga, F, Paiva-Santos, AC, Pillappan, R, Paudel, KR, Goh, BH, Singh, M, Dua, K & Singh, SK 2025, 'Application of quality by design in optimization of nanoformulations: Principle, perspectives and practices', Drug Delivery and Translational Research, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 798-830.
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Bokshi, B, Chen, H & Ung, AT 2025, 'Antidiabetic property of fractions and pure compounds from Andrographis paniculata', Natural Product Research, vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 1101-1110.
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Booth, DJ, Trevor‐Jones, A, Klanten, S & Beretta, GA 2025, 'Mass stranding of common (weedy) seadragons (Phyllopteryx taeniolatus) in Sydney: impacts and implications', Journal of Fish Biology, vol. 107, no. 1, pp. 312-316.
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AbstractIn April 2022, mass stranding of weedy (common) seadragons occurred, with a total of over 200 individuals washed ashore on beaches in the Sydney, Australia region, recorded by citizens. Causes of the stranding, which is unprecedented, were likely related to a series of east coast low storm events, leading to record wave heights, record coastal rainfall, and potential loss of critical food sources (schooling mysid crustaceans). A significant proportion of the local population was likely lost in this series of events, indicating a future threat to seadragons, with east coast low intensity predicted to increase under human‐caused climate change.
Brockbals, L, Ueland, M, Fu, S & Padula, MP 2025, 'Development and thorough evaluation of a multi-omics sample preparation workflow for comprehensive LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics, lipidomics and proteomics datasets', Talanta, vol. 286, pp. 127442-127442.
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Brown, AC, Carroll, OR, Mayall, JR, Zounemat-Kermani, N, Vinzenz, SLE, Gomez, HM, Mills, EF, Kim, RY, Donovan, C, Baines, KJ, Williams, EJ, Berthon, BS, Wynne, K, Scott, HA, Pinkerton, JW, Guo, Y, Hansbro, PM, Foster, PS, Wark, PAB, Dahlen, S-E, Adcock, IM, Wood, LG & Horvat, JC 2025, 'Female sex hormones and the oral contraceptive pill modulate asthma severity through GLUT-1', Mucosal Immunology, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 656-667.
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Brown, HJ, Shinde, VD, Bosi, L & Duggin, IG 2025, 'Evolution of the cytoskeleton: Emerging clues from the diversification and specialisation of archaeal cytoskeletal proteins', Current Opinion in Cell Biology, vol. 95, pp. 102557-102557.
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Butera, D, Pijning, AE, Avery, NG, Coxon, CH, Metcalfe, C, Mimoun, A, Lacroix-Desmazes, S, Spiegel, PC & Hogg, PJ 2025, 'Patient anti-FVIII drug antibodies bind preferentially to a subset of FVIII covalent states', Blood Advances, vol. 9, no. 15, pp. 3706-3715.
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Abstract Hemophilia A is a chronic life-threatening condition caused by the deficiency or dysfunction of plasma coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) and commonly managed by prophylaxis with regular infusion of FVIII protein. A major obstacle to FVIII replacement therapy is the generation of alloantibodies that diminish efficacy. Disulfide bonds link pairs of cysteine residues in proteins and, in several proteins, have been found to be only partially formed in the mature proteins. FVIII contains 8 disulfide bonds and their redox state in human blood and recombinant FVIII was determined using differential cysteine alkylation and mass spectrometry. All 8 disulfide bonds were found to be unformed in ∼10% to ∼70% of molecules of FVIII populations, which suggested a conformational flexibility that could favor the binding of certain ligands to subsets of FVIII with more or less formed disulfide bonds. To test this hypothesis, the binding of a panel of 5 patient-derived anti-FVIII antibodies to the population of FVIII disulfide-bonded states was evaluated. All 5 antibodies bound preferentially to FVIII states in which 2 or 3 of the 8 disulfides are significantly more unformed: C1918-C1922 in the A3 domain, C2040-C2188 in the C1 domain, and C2193-C2345 in the C2 domain. Disulfide bond mutagenesis experiments and molecular dynamics simulations indicate that this subset of FVIII states has long-range conformational dynamism that favors antidrug antibody binding. These findings will assist efforts to engineer an FVIII molecule that is less prone to neutralization by antidrug antibodies and has general implications for autoimmune conditions and antibody drug efficacy.
Button, C, Poddar, N, Lacassagne, T, Pernice, M, Gupta, V, Aditya, L, Kuzhiumparambil, U & Ralph, PJ 2025, 'Rheological characterization and modeling of freshwater and marine microalgae and cyanobacteria mixed cultures', Algal Research, vol. 88, pp. 103988-103988.
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Buzova, D, Petrilli, LL, Frohlich, J, Tsoneva, DK, Bianco, SD, Braghini, MR, Alisi, A, Mastronuzzi, A, Cerveny, J, Mazza, T, Vinci, M & Vinciguerra, M 2025, 'Extracellular Histones Profiles of Pediatric H3K27-Altered Diffuse Midline Glioma', Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 129-141.
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Çakan, A, Cholsuk, C, Gale, A, Kianinia, M, Paçal, S, Ateş, S, Aharonovich, I, Toth, M & Vogl, T 2025, 'Quantum Optics Applications of Hexagonal Boron Nitride Defects', Advanced Optical Materials, vol. 13, no. 7.
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AbstractHexagonal boron nitride (hBN) has emerged as a compelling platform for both classical and quantum technologies. In particular, the past decade has witnessed a surge of novel ideas and developments, which may be overwhelming for newcomers to the field. This review provides an overview of the fundamental concepts and key applications of hBN, including quantum sensing, quantum key distribution, quantum computing, and quantum memory. Additionally, critical experimental and theoretical advances that have expanded the capabilities of hBN are highlighted, in a cohesive and accessible manner. The objective is to equip readers with a comprehensive understanding of the diverse applications of hBN, and provide insights into ongoing research efforts.
Camp, EF, Clases, D, Bishop, D, Dowd, A, Goyen, S, Gonzalez de Vega, R, Strudwick, P & Suggett, DJ 2025, 'Coral elementomes diverge for colonies persisting in vegetative lagoons versus reef environments', Science of The Total Environment, vol. 979, pp. 179455-179455.
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Camp, EF, Wilkinson, G, Strudwick, P & Suggett, DJ 2025, 'Correction to: Considerations, Ethics, and Risk Assessment for the Development and Application of Microbial-Based Therapies; Introducing a Rights-Based Framework for Reef Communities (Springer Nature, 20, 10.1007/978-3-031-76692-3_14)', Coral Reefs of the World, vol. 20, p. C1.
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The original version of Chapter 14 was inadvertently published without incorporating the corrections correctly. The icons in Table 14.1 and on page# 205, 206, 208, and 209 have been replaced with the correct ones. In addition, the reference citation (Lendo et al, in revision) has been removed from the text and a few typographical errors have been fxed. The chapter has been corrected and approved by the authors.
Cao, X, Sun, L, Pan, F, Wu, Z, Li, D, Nie, X, Li, X, Huang, P, Gao, L, Gong, C, Zhao, Y, Cai, Q, Zhang, J, Wang, G & Liu, H 2025, 'Revealing the roles of oxidation states and constituents of the alloy in alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction', Applied Catalysis B: Environment and Energy, vol. 375, pp. 125415-125415.
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Capon, SJ, Steinfeld, CM, Pittock, J, Moggridge, BJ, Ward, A, Baumgartner, LJ, Sheldon, F, Ward, M & Medaris, DL 2025, 'Repairing Australia’s inland river and groundwater systems: nine priority actions, benefits and the finance gap', Marine and Freshwater Research, vol. 76, no. 4, pp. NULL-NULL.
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Cashel, J, Yan, D, Han, R, Jeong, H, Yoon, CW, Ambay, JA, Liu, Y, Ung, AT, Yang, L & Huang, Z 2025, 'Chemical Bonds Containing Hydrogen: Choices for Hydrogen Carriers and Catalysts', Angewandte Chemie, vol. 137, no. 21.
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AbstractCompounds containing B─H, C─H, N─H, or O─H bonds with high hydrogen content have been extensively studied as potential hydrogen carriers. Their hydrogen storage performance is largely determined by the nature of these bonds, decomposition pathways, and the properties of the dehydrogenation products. Among these compounds, methanol, cyclohexane, and ammonia stand out due to their low costs and established infrastructure, making them promising hydrogen carriers for large‐scale storage and transport. They offer viable pathways for decarbonizing society by enabling hydrogen to serve as a clean energy source. However, several challenges persist, including the high temperatures required for (de)hydrogenation, slow kinetics, and the reliance on costly catalysts. To address these issues, strategies such as chemical modification and catalyst development are being pursued to improve hydrogen cycling performance. This review highlights recent progress in hydrogen carriers with B─H, C─H, N─H, or O─H bonds. It examines the fundamental characteristics of these bonds and carriers, as well as advances in catalyst development. Our objective is to offer a comprehensive understanding of current state of hydrogen carriers and identify future research directions, such as molecular modification and system optimization. Innovations in these areas are crucial to advance hydrogen storage technologies for a large‐scale hydrogen deployment.
Cashel, J, Yan, D, Han, R, Jeong, H, Yoon, CW, Ambay, JA, Liu, Y, Ung, AT, Yang, L & Huang, Z 2025, 'Chemical Bonds Containing Hydrogen: Choices for Hydrogen Carriers and Catalysts', Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol. 64, no. 21.
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AbstractCompounds containing B─H, C─H, N─H, or O─H bonds with high hydrogen content have been extensively studied as potential hydrogen carriers. Their hydrogen storage performance is largely determined by the nature of these bonds, decomposition pathways, and the properties of the dehydrogenation products. Among these compounds, methanol, cyclohexane, and ammonia stand out due to their low costs and established infrastructure, making them promising hydrogen carriers for large‐scale storage and transport. They offer viable pathways for decarbonizing society by enabling hydrogen to serve as a clean energy source. However, several challenges persist, including the high temperatures required for (de)hydrogenation, slow kinetics, and the reliance on costly catalysts. To address these issues, strategies such as chemical modification and catalyst development are being pursued to improve hydrogen cycling performance. This review highlights recent progress in hydrogen carriers with B─H, C─H, N─H, or O─H bonds. It examines the fundamental characteristics of these bonds and carriers, as well as advances in catalyst development. Our objective is to offer a comprehensive understanding of current state of hydrogen carriers and identify future research directions, such as molecular modification and system optimization. Innovations in these areas are crucial to advance hydrogen storage technologies for a large‐scale hydrogen deployment.
Chadda-Harmer, D, Byrne, M, Reymond, CE, Fellowes, TE, Camp, EF & Foo, SA 2025, 'Benthic foraminifera as bioindicators of coral condition near mangrove environments', Marine Environmental Research, vol. 209, pp. 107159-107159.
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Chambers, GA, Geering, ADW, Bogema, DR, Holford, P, Vidalakis, G & Donovan, NJ 2025, 'Characterisation of the genetic diversity of citrus viroid VII using amplicon sequencing', Archives of Virology, vol. 170, no. 1.
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Charbonneau, É, Mousseau, V, Poirier, B, Faubert, C & Boivin, R 2025, 'Examining perspectives on fatal use of force: A comparative analysis of police and social sciences students’ views', The Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles, vol. 98, no. 2, pp. 442-459.
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Citizen views are, at times, in opposition to professional expertise. When it comes to policing, discussions surrounding the use of force often indicate a lack of understanding from the general population. In this study, police ( n = 1609) and social sciences ( n = 688) students were shown a video vignette of a fatal police shooting. Findings show that police students’ attitudes towards the use of force face a significant shift during training, leading to stronger support for lethal force and greater discrepancy in opinions compared to the other students. Our results also show that non-expert adults want police officers to be sanctioned severely.
Chatterjee, A, Biswas, A, Fuhr, AS, Terlier, T, Sumpter, BG, Ajayan, PM, Aharonovich, I & Huang, S 2025, 'Room-temperature high-purity single-photon emission from carbon-doped boron nitride thin films', Science Advances, vol. 11, no. 25.
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Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) has emerged as a promising platform for generating room temperature single photons exhibiting high brightness and spin-photon entanglement. However, improving emitter purity, stability, and scalability remains a challenge for quantum technologies. Here, we demonstrate highly pure and stable single-photon emitters (SPEs) in h-BN by directly growing carbon-doped, centimeter-scale h-BN thin films using the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method. These SPEs exhibit room temperature operation with polarized emission, achieving a g (2) (0) value of 0.015, which is among the lowest reported for room temperature SPEs and the lowest achieved for h-BN SPEs. It also exhibits high brightness (~0.5 million counts per second), remarkable stability during continuous operation (>15 min), and a Debye-Waller factor of 45%. First-principles calculations reveal unique carbon defects responsible for these properties, enabled by PLD’s low-temperature synthesis and in situ doping. Our results demonstrate an effective method for large-scale production of high-purity, stable SPEs in h-BN, enabling robust quantum optical sources for various quantum applications.
Chaudhari, S, Dalabehera, M, Subudhi, RN, Dua, K, Kaur, M, Paudel, KR & Kumar, J 2025, 'From nature to nanotech: Unlocking Berberine's therapeutic approaches', Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, vol. 108, pp. 106924-106924.
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Chen, H & Lim, CED 2025, 'Advancing global healthcare: Methodological innovations for integrating Chinese medicine', Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 201-209.
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Chen, H, Kimyon, Ö, Gunawan, C, Lamei Ramandi, H, Craig, P, Chen, R, Kabir, I, Kumar, N, Manefield, M, Crosky, A, Canbulat, I & Saydam, S 2025, 'An Effective Barrier Coating Technology Against Premature Bolt Failures in Underground Mines', Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 4303-4320.
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Abstract Significant safety and economic consequences accompany the premature failure of bolts, posing sustainability challenges for mining operations. Previous studies have indicated that hydrogen-induced stress corrosion cracking (HISCC), primarily influenced by microbial activities termed microbiologically influenced stress corrosion cracking (MISCC), stands as a major contributor to the premature failure of bolts in underground mines. Presently, an effective mechanism to mitigate these premature failures is lacking. In this study, multiple commercially available coatings undergo testing to assess their susceptibility and suitability in preventing HISCC and MISCC. Additionally, a purpose-developed coating is examined. The results reveal that the tested commercially available coatings either fail to prevent these types of corrosion or are unsuitable for the intricate conditions within underground mines. The laboratory results show the coating has a significant anti-acidic corrosion and anti-MISCC performance. Conversely, the coating formulated in this study successfully averts both MISCC and HISCC, proving its applicability within the complex geological environments prevalent in mines. This breakthrough offers a promising solution to mitigate premature bolt failures in complex underground geological environments. The developed coating presents a viable way forward for enhancing safety, reducing economic losses, and improving the overall sustainability of mining operations.
Chen, H, Van Reyk, D & Oliver, BG 2025, 'The use of AI large language models by university students for assignment preparation', Advances in Physiology Education, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 517-525.
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We compared second-year science students at an Australian university and a partner institution in China on their use of AI tools for assignments. Over 50% used AI for idea generation and drafting. Notably, PRC students showed improved grades when AI was permitted, while Australian students saw no change. Most students expressed a willingness to use AI in their future careers and called for institutional guidance on AI use, especially if official licenses were provided.
Chen, L, A. Hoefel, G, Pathinayake, PS, Reid, A, Pillar, AL, Kelly, C, Tan, H, Ali, A, Kim, RY, Hansbro, PM, Brody, SL, Foster, PS, Horvat, JC, Riveros, C, Awatade, N, Wark, PAB & Kaiko, GE 2025, 'Inflammation‐induced loss of CFTR‐expressing airway ionocytes in non‐eosinophilic asthma', Respirology, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 25-40.
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AbstractBackground and ObjectiveSevere asthma is a heterogeneous disease with subtype classification according to dominant airway infiltrates, including eosinophilic (Type 2 high), or non‐eosinophilic asthma. Non‐eosinophilic asthma is further divided into paucigranulocytic or neutrophilic asthma characterized by elevated neutrophils, and mixed Type 1 and Type 17 cytokines in the airways. Severe non‐eosinophilic asthma has few effective treatments and many patients do not qualify for biologic therapies. The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is dysregulated in multiple respiratory diseases including cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and has proven a valuable therapeutic target. We hypothesized that the CFTR may also play a role in non‐eosinophilic asthma.MethodsPatient‐derived human bronchial epithelial cells (hBECs) were isolated and differentiated at the air‐liquid interface. Single cell RNA‐sequencing (scRNAseq) was used to identify epithelial cell subtypes and transcriptional activity. Ion transport was investigated with Ussing chambers and immunofluorescent quantification of ionocyte abundance in human airway epithelial cells and murine models of asthma.ResultsWe identified that hBECs from patients with non‐eosinophilic asthma had reduced CFTR function, and did not differentiate into CFTR‐expressing ionocytes compared to those from eosinophilic asthma or healthy donors. Similarly, ionocytes were also diminished in the airways of a murine model of neutrophilic‐dominant but not eosinophilic asthma. Treatment of hBECs from healthy donors with a neutrophilic asthma‐like inflammatory cytokine mixture led to a reduction in ionocytes.ConclusionInflammation...
Chhor, M, Barman, S, Heidari, F, Bottomley, AL, Robson, T, McGrath, K & McClements, L 2025, 'FK506 binding protein like, FKBPL, as a novel therapeutic target in 2D and 3D bioprinted, models of cardiac fibrosis', Bioprinting, vol. 47, pp. e00397-e00397.
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Chowdhury, T, Paul, DK, Rahaman, MR, Ton-That, C & Rahman, MA 2025, 'Temperature-dependent broadening of spectral lineshapes and kinetics of luminescence centers in monoclinic gallium oxide nanowires', Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 1010, pp. 177609-177609.
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Clain, C, Stewart, J, Fowler, A & Diamond, S 2025, 'Age, growth and length-to-weight relationship of largehead hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus) in south-eastern Australia suggest a distinct population', Aquaculture and Fisheries, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 305-311.
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The age, growth rates and length to weight relationships for the south-eastern Australian population of largehead hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus) were investigated for the first time. Age was estimated by counting annuli in sectioned sagittal otoliths, with a maximum age of 8 years estimated for males and females. We found no significant differences in the growth rates of males and females over the size (12–78 cm pre-anal length (PL)) and age (0–8 years) ranges sampled. However, females in our collection were larger on average than males, and all fish sampled >60 cm PL were female, suggesting that females may grow to larger sizes than males and that sampling of greater numbers of larger and older fish may be required in future. T. lepturus growth was described by the von Bertalanffy growth function parameters L∝ = 74.89 cm PL, K = 0.13yr−1 and t0 = −0.80 yr, with the L∝ being amongst the largest reported for the species. Growth was variable, with the sizes at any given age spanning up to 50 cm PL. Female T. lepturus increased in body weight relative to length faster than males, as has been reported in other populations. The length/weight relationship for the south-eastern Australian population was significantly different, with almost no overlap, from that reported for T. lepturus in the Arabian Sea. The substantial differences in growth rates, maximum sizes and body morphometrics of T. lepturus from south-eastern Australia in comparison to other populations globally are consistent with the hypotheses that it represents a distinct population, although investigations using additional population markers are required to verify this.
Clerc, EE, Schreier, JE, Słomka, J, Smith, CB, Fu, H, Seymour, JR, Raina, J-B, Moran, MA & Stocker, R 2025, 'Chemotaxis, growth, and inter-species interactions shape early bacterial community assembly', The ISME Journal, vol. 19, no. 1.
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Abstract From the perspective of a marine copiotrophic bacterium, the surface ocean is a mosaic of exploitable hotspots of organic matter released from living and senescing phytoplankton. Bacterial success in exploiting this patchy microscale environment relies on sensing and swimming towards the hotspots, and upon arrival, growing on available substrates. However, the combined effect of chemotaxis and growth rate on bacterial community assembly has never been quantified. Here, we characterized chemotaxis and growth rate responses of seven representative copiotrophic marine bacteria to phytoplankton exometabolites, both for single species and for pairs of species. We compared these results to prediction of a mathematical null model of hotspot community assembly. Our results revealed that the bacterial strains exhibit diverse responses to phytoplankton metabolites, which can act as either signals, substrates, or both. Interactions between bacterial pairs resulted in chemotactic responses or growth rates different from model predictions in all of the 12 pairs tested (83% differed in chemotaxis, 33% in growth). These community dynamics indicate that inter-species interaction is another factor shaping early colonization of metabolite hotspots, with beneficial, detrimental, and neutral associations observed between bacterial species. Such complex ecological interactions impact chemotactic behaviors and growth rates of marine bacteria on resource hotspots, affecting their community compositions and associated functions relevant to the cycling of key elements including carbon.
Coulon, PML, Agnoli, K & Myers, GSA 2025, 'Colony morphotype variation in Burkholderia: implications for success of applications and therapeutics', Journal of Bacteriology, vol. 207, no. 5.
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ABSTRACT The Burkholderia genus includes both environmental and pathogenic isolates known for their phenotypic plasticity and adaptability. Burkholderia spp. are intrinsically resistant to many antibiotics, often requiring prolonged therapies during infection. A key feature of Burkholderia spp. is colony morphotype variation (CMV), which allows for rapid adaptation to environmental changes and influences virulence, antibiotic resistance, and pathogenicity by impacting the expression of key virulence factors such as lipopolysaccharides, extracellular DNA, efflux pumps, and flagella. While alternative treatments, such as vaccines and phage therapies, hold promise, CMV has the potential to undermine their efficacy by modifying essential therapeutic targets. Despite its importance, the prevalence and underlying mechanisms of CMV remain poorly understood, leaving critical gaps in our knowledge that may hinder the development of sustainable solutions for managing Burkholderia infections. Addressing these gaps is crucial not only for improving infection management but also for enabling the safe reuse of Burkholderia in biotechnology, where their plant growth-promoting and bioremediation properties are highly valuable. Our goal is to raise awareness within the scientific community about the significance of CMV in Burkholderia , highlighting the urgent need to uncover the mechanisms driving CMV. A deeper understanding of CMV’s role in virulence and resistan...
Coward-Smith, M, Zhang, Y, Donovan, C, Kim, RY, Wang, B, Zakarya, R, Chen, H, Li, JJ & Oliver, BG 2025, 'Beyond conventional biomarkers: Emerging importance of extracellular vesicles in osteoarthritis, metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease', Extracellular Vesicle, vol. 5, pp. 100079-100079.
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Cuntz, M, Smith, B, Canadell, JG, Knauer, J & Haverd, V 2025, 'Large and Increasing Biospheric Productivity of Northern Ecosystems', Geophysical Research Letters, vol. 52, no. 14.
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AbstractPlants take up carbon dioxide (CO2) through photosynthesis. How this will change with rising CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere will strongly determine future climate change. An increase in the seasonal variations of atmospheric CO2 in recent decades indicates a positive trend in photosynthetic carbon uptake. We combined data‐driven seasonal cycles of plant productivity with carbon sinks across the range predicted by current biospheric process models to explain the seasonal variations of CO2 at high and low northern latitudes over the past 40 years. We find that increases in seasonal variations can only be explained by a larger gross primary productivity (GPP) of northern ecosystems than most current estimates and by an increase of GPP about proportional to the increase in atmospheric CO2, also larger than most current estimates. Our results provide an improved constraint to estimate the future behavior of the terrestrial carbon sink.
Dai, G, Carroll, RJ & Chen, J 2025, 'Valid and efficient inference for nonparametric variable importance in two-phase studies', Biometrics, vol. 81, no. 3.
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ABSTRACT We consider a common nonparametric regression setting, where the data consist of a response variable Y, some easily obtainable covariates $\mathbf {X}$, and a set of costly covariates $\mathbf {Z}$. Before establishing predictive models for Y, a natural question arises: Is it worthwhile to include $\mathbf {Z}$ as predictors, given the additional cost of collecting data on $\mathbf {Z}$ for both training the models and predicting Y for future individuals? Therefore, we aim to conduct preliminary investigations to infer importance of $\mathbf {Z}$ in predicting Y in the presence of $\mathbf {X}$. To achieve this goal, we propose a nonparametric variable importance measure for $\mathbf {Z}$. It is defined as a parameter that aggregates maximum potential contributions of $\mathbf {Z}$ in single or multiple predictive models, with contributions quantified by general loss functions. Considering two-phase data that provide a large number of observations for $(Y,\mathbf {X})$ with the expensive $\mathbf {Z}$ measured only in a small subsample, we develop a novel approach to infer the proposed importance measure, accommodating missingness of $\mathbf {Z}$ in the sample by substituting functions of $(Y,\mathbf {X})$ for each individual’s contribution to the predictive loss of models involving $\mathbf {Z}$. Our approach attains unified and efficient inference regardless of whether $\mathbf {Z}$ makes zero or positive contribution to predicting Y, a desirable yet surprising property owing to data incompleteness. As intermediate steps of our theoretical development, we establish novel results in two relevant research areas, semi-supervised inference and two-phase nonparametric estimation. Numerical results from both simulated and real data demonstrate superior performance of our approach.
Darvishi Boloorani, A, Mirzaei, S, Bahrami, HA, Soleimani, M, Neysani Samany, N, Papi, R, Mahmoudi, M, Bakhtiari, M & Huete, A 2025, 'In vitro plant spectral response reveals dust stress', Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, vol. 370, pp. 110599-110599.
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Davidovich, C, Erokhina, K, Gupta, CL, Zhu, Y-G, Su, J-Q, Djordjevic, SP, Wyrsch, ER, Blum, SE & Cytryn, E 2025, 'Occurrence of “under-the-radar” antibiotic resistance in anthropogenically affected produce', The ISME Journal, vol. 19, no. 1.
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Abstract With global climate change, treated-wastewater irrigation and manure amendment are becoming increasingly important in sustainable agriculture in water- and nutrient-stressed regions. Yet, these practices can potentially disseminate pathogens and antimicrobial resistance determinants to crops, resulting in serious health risks to humans through the food chain. Previous studies demonstrated that pathogen and antimicrobial resistance indicators from wastewater and manure survive poorly in the environment, suggesting that ecological barriers prevent their dissemination. However, we recently found that these elements can persist below detection levels in low quality treated wastewater-irrigated soil, and potentially proliferate under favorable conditions. This “under-the-radar” phenomenon was further investigated here, in treated wastewater-irrigated and poultry litter-amended lettuce plants, using an enrichment platform that resembles gut conditions, and an analytical approach that combined molecular and cultivation-based techniques. Enrichment uncovered clinically relevant multidrug-resistant pathogen indicators and a myriad of antibiotic resistance genes in the litter amended and treated wastewater-irrigated lettuce that were not detected by direct analyses, or in the enriched freshwater irrigated samples. Selected resistant E. coli isolates were capable of horizontally transferring plasmids carrying multiple resistance genes to a susceptible strain. Overall, our study underlines the hidden risks of under-the-radar pathogen and antimicrobial resistance determinants in anthropogenically affected agroenvironments, providing a platform to improve quantitative microbial risk assessment models in the future.
Dawson, BM, Johnston, NP, Cerato, S, Rowbottom, R, Spurr, C, Davis, A & Rader, R 2025, 'Adding non-floral resources increases wild insect abundance but not yield in Australian hybrid carrot crops', Basic and Applied Ecology, vol. 84, pp. 21-28.
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De Rubis, G, Paudel, KR, Kokkinis, S, El-Sherkawi, T, Datsyuk, JK, Salunke, P, Gerlach, J & Dua, K 2025, 'Potent phytoceuticals cocktail exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity on LPS-triggered RAW264.7 macrophages in vitro', Pathology - Research and Practice, vol. 266, pp. 155770-155770.
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Dedousis-Wallace, A, Drysdale, SAO, McAloon, J, Murrihy, RC, Greene, RW & Ollendick, TH 2025, 'Predictors and Moderators Two Treatments of Oppositional Defiant Disorder in Children', Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 67-82.
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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine predictors and moderators of behavioral improvement in children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) following treatment with Parent Management Training (PMT) and Collaborative and Proactive Solutions (CPS). Initial problem severity, inconsistent discipline, parental attributions of child misbehavior, and child lagging cognitive skills were examined. METHOD: One hundred and forty-five children aged between 7 and 14 (103 males, M = 8.88 years, ethnicity representative of the wider Australian population) were randomly assigned to PMT and CPS. Assessment was conducted at baseline, post-intervention, and at 6-month follow-up, using independently rated semi-structured diagnostic interviews and parent-ratings of ODD symptoms. Using an intent-to-treat sample in this secondary analysis (Murrihy et al., 2022), linear regressions and PROCESS (Hayes, 2017) were used to examine these predictors and possible moderators of treatment. RESULTS: Higher pre-treatment levels of conduct problems, lagging skills, and inconsistent discipline predicted poorer behavioral outcomes following both treatments. The only characteristic that moderated treatment outcome was child-responsible attributions - mothers who were more likely to attribute their child's problematic behaviors to factors in the child had significantly poorer outcomes in PMT than CPS at 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: CPS may be a more beneficial treatment than PMT for families who have been identified as having higher levels of child-responsible attributions before commencing treatment for ODD. While tentative, this provides promising insights as to how treatment outcomes for children with ODD may be improved.
Demyanenko, Y, Sui, X, Giltrap, AM, Davis, BG, Kuster, B & Mohammed, S 2025, 'Addressing NHS Chemistry: Efficient Quenching of Excess TMT Reagent and Reversing TMT Overlabeling in Proteomic Samples by Methylamine', Molecular & Cellular Proteomics, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 100948-100948.
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Dhiman, B, Yadav, M, Dhiman, A & Satija, S 2025, 'Novel analytical approach for baclofen quantification in rodent plasma', Biomedical Chromatography, vol. 39, no. 1.
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AbstractA simple, accurate, and robust reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) method was developed and validated for the quantification of Baclofen in rat plasma. The method demonstrated high degree of linearity (r2 = 0.9936) across a concentration range of 10–50 μg/mL. Precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), and robustness were evaluated according to ICH guidelines. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.076197 and 0.23090 μg/mL, respectively. This method provides an efficient approach for Baclofen quantification in plasma, making it suitable for pharmacokinetic and bioavailability studies. The novelty of this study lies in its optimization for routine use in laboratories, ensuring reproducibility with minimal variations across different conditions and analysts.
Ding, L, Zhong, Z, Chen, C, Liu, B, Chen, Z, Zhang, L, Mao, J, Zhang, M, Su, QP & Cheng, F 2025, 'Advances in multiplexed photoelectrochemical sensors for multiple components', Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 505, pp. 159319-159319.
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Donovan, C 2025, 'Beyond Single Cytokines: Targeting Co‐Receptor CD131 in Asthma‐COPD Overlap', Respirology, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 274-275.
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Dornelas, M, Antão, LH, Bates, AE, Brambilla, V, Chase, JM, Chow, CFY, Fontrodona‐Eslava, A, Magurran, AE, Martins, IS, Moyes, F, Sagouis, A, Adu‐Acheampong, S, Acquah‐Lamptey, D, Adam, D, Ajani, PA, Albaina, A, Almaraz, P, An, J, Anderson, RS, Anderson, MJR, Antunes, AZ, Arismendi, I, Armbrecht, L, Aros‐Mardones, P, Ashtamoorthy, SK, Ayyappan, N, Badihi, G, Bailey, JJ, Baird, AH, Baird, ME, Balakrishnan, SV, Barão‐Nóbrega, JAL, Barash, A, Barbosa, M, Barlow, J, Bässler, C, Beaumont, M, Beenaerts, N, Begot, TO, Beiroz, W, Beldade, R, Bell, DM, Bellgrove, A, Belmaker, J, Benedetti‐Cecchi, L, Benkwitt, CE, Berkum, PM, Bestelmeyer, BT, Betts, MG, Billah, MK, Bjorkman, AD, Błażewicz, M, Bloch, CP, Blowes, SA, Bode, A, Bogoni, JA, Bolger, T, Bonebrake, TC, Bonsdorff, E, Bottarin, R, Brokensha, LN, Brooker, RW, Brooks, AJ, Bruelheide, H, Bueno, TA, Laguionie, C, Campagnoli, ML, Cant, J, Caramaschi, EP, Caron, A, Carroll, T, Caruso, T, Carvajal‐Quintero, J, Castaldelli, G, Castañeda‐Moya, E, Castilho, PV, Cechin, SZ, Chaikin, S, Chandrashekara, UM, Chase, TJ, Chen, CA, Cherem, JJ, Choi, S, Christensen, EM, Christianini, AV, Chu, JWF, Coad, P, Van Colen, C, Comte, L, Cooper, EJ, Cornelissen, JHC, Cosson, E, Cotano, U, Crevecoeur, L, Crow, SK, Cumming, GS, Daga, VS, Damasceno, G, Daskalova, GN, Davies, CH, Davis, RA, Day, FP, De‐La‐Zerda, S, Deacon, AE, de Castro‐Arrazola, I, Degraer, S, Deonarinesingh, K, Diaz‐Ricaurte, JC, Dickman, CR, Dirilgen, T, Dolan, CJ, Duffy, JE, Dunn, TE, Durigan, G, Dwyer, C, Earl, S, Edelist, D, Edgar, GJ, Edmondson, S, Elgin, AK, Ellingsen, KE, Elmendorf, SC, Eriksen, RS, Ernest, SKM, Escribano, R, Eterovick, PC, Evans, BS, Everett, JD, Evtimova, V, Exton, DA, Fairbairn, AJ, Fantacini, FM, Farah, FT, Farneda, FZ, Favila, ME, Fernandez‐Fournier, P, Fernández‐Zapata, B, Ferreira, DF, Ferronato, C, du Feu, CR, Fidelis, A, Fifield, DA, Filho, VP, Filho, WM, Fitt, RNL, Flechtmann, CAH, Fraser, WR, Fraser, DL, Freixas, L, Fryxell, J, Fundakowski, GJ, Gabara, SS, Gallois, E, Criado, MG, García‐Berthou, E, Garrabou, J, Gates, AR, Gatti, RC, Gavioli, A, Gavriel, T, Gendreau‐Berthiaume, B, Giam, X, Gjerdrum, C, Glemnitz, M, Godbold, JA, Gómez‐Gras, D, Gonçalves, RB, Goold, A, Gordon, RR, Goren, M, Goulart, FVB, Gould, WA, Grabowski, MM, Graham, NAJ, Graipel, ME, Grange, LJ, Greenville, AC & et al. 2025, 'BioTIME 2.0: Expanding and Improving a Database of Biodiversity Time Series', Global Ecology and Biogeography, vol. 34, no. 5.
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ABSTRACTMotivationHere, we make available a second version of the BioTIME database, which compiles records of abundance estimates for species in sample events of ecological assemblages through time. The updated version expands version 1.0 of the database by doubling the number of studies and includes substantial additional curation to the taxonomic accuracy of the records, as well as the metadata. Moreover, we now provide an R package (BioTIMEr) to facilitate use of the database.Main Types of Variables IncludedThe database is composed of one main data table containing the abundance records and 11 metadata tables. The data are organised in a hierarchy of scales where 11,989,233 records are nested in 1,603,067 sample events, from 553,253 sampling locations, which are nested in 708 studies. A study is defined as a sampling methodology applied to an assemblage for a minimum of 2 years.Spatial Location and GrainSampling locations in BioTIME are distributed across the planet, including marine, terrestrial and freshwater realms. Spatial grain size and extent vary across studies depending on sampling methodology. We recommend gridding of sampling locations into areas of consistent size.Time Period and GrainThe earliest time series in BioTIME start in 1874, and the most recent records are from 2023. Temporal grain and duration vary across studies. We recommend doing sample‐level rarefaction to ensure consistent sampling effort through time before calculating any diversity metric.Major Taxa and Level of MeasurementThe database includes any eukaryotic taxa, with a combined total of 56,400 taxa.Software Format...
Downie, AT, Champion, C & Booth, DJ 2025, 'Physiological Traits for Predicting Poleward Extensions in Tropical Fishes: From Lab to Management', Global Change Biology, vol. 31, no. 4.
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ABSTRACTTropicalization, the phenomena by which tropical organisms are extending their distributions poleward into temperate latitudes in response to increasing temperatures and strengthening boundary currents, is occurring globally. Vagrant tropical species have large ecological and economic ramifications for the temperate habitats they invade. However, not all vagrants are able to persist long term in temperate habitats, with the first winter being a potential bottleneck for their persistence. This brings into question how some tropical vagrant species are successful at surviving temperate conditions and the physiology underpinning this success. This provides the opportunity to not only look at the available data introspectively but also forward‐thinking by applying a range of holistic physiological traits relevant for biology and management. Therefore, the aim of our review is twofold: to review the current state‐of‐knowledge of the physiological mechanisms underpinning tropicalization and to develop a physiological framework by which current practices can complement new perspectives and tools. We use range‐expanding tropical reef fishes as a model group of over 100 species undergoing climate‐driven range shifts and eastern Australia as a case‐study location due to it being a primary focal “living laboratory” for understanding tropicalization dynamics since the early 2000s. Current studies suggest that diet, behavior, and metabolic trade‐offs may explain vagrant fish persistence, but these studies focus on whole‐animal traits. Our framework helps expand upon focal traits, life stages, experimental design, physiological traits (e.g., we highlight the value of genetic and cellular markers for metabolic pathway changes under cold stress as potential biomarkers) and species to improve our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning tropicalization. Taken together, our framework places emphasis on measuring a suite of com...
D'Silva, A, Barnes, J, Djafar, J, Bhattacharya, K, Yan, J, Mohammad, S, Bandodkar, S, Johnson, A, Tchan, M, Miteff, C, Elvidge, KL, Dale, RC & Farrar, M 2025, 'Characterizing circulating biomarkers for childhood dementia disorders: A scoping review of clinical trials', Neurotherapeutics, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. e00546-e00546.
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Dubajic, M, Neilson, JR, Klarbring, J, Liang, X, Bird, SA, Rule, KC, Auckett, JE, Selby, TA, Tumen-Ulzii, G, Lu, Y, Jung, Y-K, Chosy, C, Wei, Z, Boeije, Y, Zimmermann, MV, Pusch, A, Gu, L, Jia, X, Wu, Q, Trowbridge, JC, Mozur, EM, Minelli, A, Roth, N, Orr, KWP, Mahboubi Soufiani, A, Kahmann, S, Kabakova, I, Ding, J, Wu, T, Conibeer, GJ, Bremner, SP, Nielsen, MP, Walsh, A & Stranks, SD 2025, 'Dynamic nanodomains dictate macroscopic properties in lead halide perovskites', Nature Nanotechnology, vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 755-763.
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Abstract Lead halide perovskites have emerged as promising materials for solar energy conversion and X-ray detection owing to their remarkable optoelectronic properties. However, the microscopic origins of their superior performance remain unclear. Here we show that low-symmetry dynamic nanodomains present in the high-symmetry average cubic phases, whose characteristics are dictated by the A-site cation, govern the macroscopic behaviour. We combine X-ray diffuse scattering, inelastic neutron spectroscopy, hyperspectral photoluminescence microscopy and machine-learning-assisted molecular dynamics simulations to directly correlate local nanoscale dynamics with macroscopic optoelectronic response. Our approach reveals that methylammonium-based perovskites form densely packed, anisotropic dynamic nanodomains with out-of-phase octahedral tilting, whereas formamidinium-based systems develop sparse, isotropic, spherical nanodomains with in-phase tilting, even when crystallography reveals cubic symmetry on average. We demonstrate that these sparsely distributed isotropic nanodomains present in formamidinium-based systems reduce electronic dynamic disorder, resulting in a beneficial optoelectronic response, thereby enhancing the performance of formamidinium-based lead halide perovskite devices. By elucidating the influence of the A-site cation on local dynamic nanodomains, and consequently, on the macroscopic properties, we propose leveraging this relationship to engineer the optoelectronic response of these materials, propelling further advancements in perovskite-based photovoltaics, optoelectronics and X-ray imaging.
Duijser, CM, Nitschke, MR, Rassmussen, SH & Camp, EF 2025, 'Pocillopora host–symbiont interactions along an extreme environmental gradient', Coral Reefs, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 1341-1353.
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Abstract Pocilloporid corals and their Symbiodiniaceae symbionts have co-evolved. Host–symbiont associations might be driven by adaptation to distinct ecological niches. Here, we used single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to examine host population structure, characterised Symbiodiniaceae associations in shaded and exposed areas of coral using Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS2) metabarcoding, and identified photobiological phenotypes of Pocillopora acuta colonies from two acidic, deoxygenated and highly variable temperature mangrove environments versus two adjacent reef locations. We found two genetic clusters of P. acuta with evidence of potential hybrid individuals. Limited admixture suggests low levels of gene flow between the reef and mangrove sites. Each of the two lineages was predominantly associated with either reef or mangrove habitats, with distinct dominant symbionts (Cladocopium (reef) and Durusdinium (mangrove)), each with different photobiological strategies. Hybrid individuals exhibited greatest heterogeneity in ITS2 profiles compared to the two other populations. Our results provide evidence that the two lineages are part of a known species complex as suggested by population structure and morphological differences. The genetic distinctiveness of the sampled populations emphasises the unique diversity within the extreme environments. Consequently, conservation efforts should aim to minimise additional anthropogenic impacts at these sites.
Dulat, A, Rakeeb, S, Dam, S, Lad, AD, Ved, YM, Kruk, S & Kumar, GR 2025, 'Coherent Control of Relativistic Electron Dynamics in Plasma Nanophotonics', Laser & Photonics Reviews, vol. 19, no. 5.
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AbstractIntense femtosecond laser pulses interacting with solids can drive electrons to relativistic energies, enabling miniaturized particle accelerators and bright extreme‐UV light sources. In‐situ space‐time control of these electrons is crucial for developing next‐generation laser‐based accelerators but remains extremely challenging. A novel approach is presented to achieve such control by manipulating the local fields driving these electrons using a nanoengineered dielectric nanopillar target. Via experiments and simulations, it is demonstrated that this sub‐femtosecond and nanometer‐scale control enables enhanced electron acceleration and control of the directionality of relativistic electrons over a wide angular range and predicts the coherent formation of sub‐femtosecond electron bunches from the nanopillars. This research bridges nanophotonics and strong‐field plasma physics, offering new opportunities for in‐situ control of high‐energy particles and advancements in plasma technology.
Ehrnst, Y, Alijani, H, Bentley, C, Sherrell, PC, Murdoch, BJ, Yeo, LY & Rezk, AR 2025, 'UNLEASH: Ultralow Nanocluster Loading of Pt via Electro‐Acoustic Seasoning of Heterocatalysts', Advanced Materials, vol. 37, no. 3.
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AbstractThe shift toward sustainable energy has fueled the development of advanced electrocatalysts to enable green fuel production and chemical synthesis. To date, no material outperforms Pt‐group catalysts for key electrocatalytic reactions, necessitating advanced catalysts that minimize use of these rare and expensive constituents (i.e., Pt) to reduce cost without sacrificing activity. Whilst a myriad of routes involving co‐synthesis of Pt with other elements have been reported, the Pt is often buried within the bulk of the composite, rendering a large proportion of it inaccessible to the interfacial electrocatalytic reaction. Surface decoration of Pt on arbitrary substrates is therefore desirable to maximize catalytic activity; nevertheless, Pt electrodeposition suffers from clustering and ripening effects that result in large () aggregates that hinder electrocatalytic activity. Herein, an unconventional synthesis method is reported that utilizes high‐frequency (10 MHz) acoustic waves to electrochemically ‘season’ a gold working electrode with an ultralow loading of Pt nanoclusters. The UNLEASH platform is shown to facilitate high‐density dispersion of nanometer‐order clusters at the bimetallic interface to enable superior atomic utilization of Pt. This is exemplified by its utility for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR), wherein a mass activity of 5.28 A is obtained, outperforming all other Au/Pt bimetallic electrocatalysts reported to date.
El‐Helou, AJ, Liu, Y, Chen, C, Wang, F, Altug, H, Reece, PJ & Zhu, Y 2025, 'Optical Metasurfaces for the Next‐Generation Biosensing and Bioimaging', Laser & Photonics Reviews, vol. 19, no. 10.
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AbstractRecent advances in this understanding of light‐matter interactions, combined with innovations in the design and fabrication of large‐scale nanostructured metasurfaces, have enabled transformative approaches to biosensing and bioimaging. This review delves into the profound impact of optical metasurfaces, highlighting innovations that leverage their tunable properties and adaptability. It begins with an overview of key sensing mechanisms across various metasurface modalities, comparing their effects on metrics such as sensitivity and limits of detection. The discussion then shifts to recent advancements in refractometric biosensing, focusing on novel transduction methods that exploit the intensity, phase, and colorimetric responses of these metasurfaces. The latest developments in surface‐enhanced spectroscopic sensing are also examined, exploring how metasurfaces contribute to enhanced molecular fingerprinting capabilities in these applications. Additionally, the role of optical metasurfaces in advancing bioimaging are assessed, emphasizing label‐free elastic scattering, spectroscopic/chemical contrast imaging, and metasurface‐assisted super‐resolution microscopy. Finally, the review addresses current challenges and future directions for optical metasurfaces in biosensing and imaging, including material limitations, difficulties in large‐scale fabrication, and the complexity of data analysis and readout methods. It also discusses the integration of novel detector hardware to improve spatiotemporal resolution of sensing and imaging techniques.
El-Husseini, ZW, Karp, T, Lan, A, Gillett, TE, Qi, C, Khalenkow, D, van der Molen, T, Brightling, C, Papi, A, Rabe, KF, Siddiqui, S, Singh, D, Kraft, M, Beghé, B, Joubert, P, Bossé, Y, Sin, D, Cordero, AH, Timens, W, Brandsma, C-A, Hao, K, Nickle, DC, Vonk, JM, Nawijn, MC, van den Berge, M, Gosens, R, Faiz, A & Koppelman, GH 2025, 'Improved Annotation of Asthma Gene Variants with Cell Type Deconvolution of Nasal and Lung Expression Quantitative Trait Loci', American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, vol. 72, no. 6, pp. 607-614.
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El-khatib, M, Almotairy, ARZ, Elwakil, BH, Alhelaify, SS, Fayad, E, Paudel, KR, Katouah, HA & Eldrieny, AM 2025, 'One-step synthesis of TiO2@MWCNT by plasma reactor for wastewater purification', Materials Chemistry and Physics, vol. 341, pp. 130892-130892.
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Ellis, J, Cantacessi, C & Stothard, JR 2025, 'What’s so special about special issues: Highlighting a central role of parasitology to support specific innovations and advance progress within our discipline', Parasitology, vol. 152, no. 1, pp. 1-5.
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Ellis, JT & Kennedy, PJ 2025, 'Multi-criteria decision making and its application to in silico discovery of vaccine candidates for Toxoplasma gondii', Vaccine, vol. 58, pp. 127242-127242.
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Elwakil, BH, Elsabrouty, MH, Eskandrani, A, Paudel, KR & Moneer, EA 2025, 'Multifunctional Plumeria rubra nanoparticles: Antimicrobial, antiviral, antiparasitic and anti-inflammatory activities', Heliyon, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. e42044-e42044.
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Engdahl, J, Scammell, H, Efimkin, D & Sushkov, O 2025, 'Excitons in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides in electric and magnetic fields', Physical Review B: Covering condensed matter and materials physics, vol. 111, no. 3.
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Faiz, A, Idrees, S, Johansen, M, Kovacs, K, Boedijono, FS, Chen, H, Galvao, I, Donovan, C, Kim, RY, Sikkema, L, Strobl, DC, Belz, G, Segal, LN, Chotirmall, SH, Nawijn, MC, Lehmann, M, Kapellos, TS, Ortega, DG & Hansbro, PM 2025, 'The Mouse Single Cell Lung Disease Atlas', American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, vol. 211, no. Abstracts, pp. A5276-A5276.
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Faiz, A, ter Haar, EAMD, Hartman, JE, Brandsma, C-A, Timens, W, Burgess, JK, Choy, DF, Grimbaldeston, MA, Vanfleteren, LEGW, Slebos, D-J, van den Berge, M & Pouwels, SD 2025, 'Genome-Wide Differential Airway Gene Expression Analysis Identifies Genes Associated with COPD Comorbidities', Lung, vol. 203, no. 1.
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Abstract Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is often associated with the co-occurrence of extra-pulmonary diseases, yet the underlying pathophysiology of comorbidities is poorly understood. In COPD patients, the bronchial epithelium often displays cellular damage and is chronically inflamed. The current study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes in bronchial epithelium of COPD patients with and without comorbidities. To this end, a genome-wide differential gene expression analysis was performed on bronchial epithelial samples of 123 severe COPD patients with and without the following comorbidities: anxiety, atherosclerosis, depression, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, muscle wasting, osteoporosis, and low BMI. COPD patients with osteoporosis displayed higher expression of COL6A3 and lower expression of PHEX. Furthermore, COPD patients with hypercholesterolemia displayed a distinct bronchial epithelial gene expression profile, with 162 differentially expressed genes. No differentially expressed genes were identified for the other comorbidities. This study identified differentially expressed bronchial epithelial genes associated with osteoporosis and hypercholesterolemia in COPD patients.
Fang, G, Tseng, P-H, Liao, J, Zhu, S, Zhou, T, Liu, H, Zhu, H, Jin, D, Yang, L & Chen, Y-C 2025, 'Laser-emitting aqueous bioreactors for ultrasensitive bioactivity analysis', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 122, no. 34, p. e2425829122.
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Water droplets, acting as natural bioreactors and optical whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) resonators, hold the potential for laser-assisted analysis. However, water/aqueous droplet lasers can only survive in air with a limited lifespan (<100 s) due to rapid evaporation, restricting their applications in bioreactions. To address this challenge, we introduce laser-emitting aqueous bioreactors (LEABs) in fluorocarbon oils. These LEABs enable stable laser emission and extend a droplet lifespan over 1,000-fold. LEABs enable the encapsulation of bioactive materials for long-term analysis with unique lasing characteristic fingerprints. The reactions within LEAB can interact with the most resonating light, enhancing detection sensitivity by over 100-fold compared to conventional WGM sensors. By integrating LEABs with microfluidic droplet technology, we demonstrated their application in monitoring enzyme activity and cellular metabolism at single-cell and multicellular levels. Furthermore, we showed the laser threshold-gated screening of single yeast. This platform can bridge the gap between laser technology and biochemical applications, broadening the scope of laser-based analysis.
Fang, H, Xu, J, Ma, H, Feng, Z, Cheng, YY, Nie, Y, Guan, Y, Liu, Y & Song, K 2025, 'A quercetin nanoparticle combined with a 3D-printed decellularized extracellular matrix/ gelatin methacryloyl/sodium alginate biomimetic tumor model for the treatment of melanoma', International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, vol. 288, pp. 138680-138680.
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Fares, M, Alsherbiny, M, Elkelesh, IA, Said, MA, Maklad, RM, Lewis, W, Li, CG, Eldehna, WM, Groundwater, PW, Gale, PA & Keller, PA 2025, 'Investigating the multi-mechanistic anticancer effects of 4-bisarylurea thiouracil derivatives in breast cancer cells', Bioorganic Chemistry, vol. 162, pp. 108581-108581.
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Feng, M, Padula, MP, Asaad, SA, Bai, X, Cranfield, C, Town, SEL, Saad, S, Oliver, BG, George, J & Chen, H 2025, 'Prolonged exposure to low-dose traffic-derived PM2.5 causes fatty liver disorder in mice', Journal of Environmental Sciences, vol. 158, pp. 621-632.
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Fernandez, TT, Ross‐Adams, A, Bakovic, M, Thomas, JU, Hochrein, O, Mahmodi, H, Kabakova, I, Privat, K, Withford, M & Gross, S 2025, 'High Fidelity Waveguides Through Vitreous Media Recomposition for Next Generation Photonic Devices', Advanced Optical Materials, vol. 13, no. 20.
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AbstractA newly designed optical aluminosilicate glass that supports femotsecond laser written ultra‐low loss optical waveguides is presented in this paper. Propagation losses as low as −0.020 ± 0.003 and −0.037 ± 0.003 dB cm−1 at 1310 and 1550 nm, respectively, are enabled by engineering the glass composition. Raman, Brillouin and electron microscopies are used to understand the origins of femtosecond laser‐induced refractive index changes.
FitzGerald‐Lowry, B, Nielsen, DA, Duncan, RJ, Theseira, AM, Thompson, G & Petrou, K 2025, 'Multi‐trait responses in two marine diatoms to pH and irradiance reveal interactive effect of light and acidification, mediated by silicification', Limnology and Oceanography, vol. 70, no. 5, pp. 1137-1151.
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AbstractOcean ecosystem shifts in response to anthropogenic climate change are impacting marine organisms, including phytoplankton. Ocean acidification and warming represent two key threats to marine phytoplankton, causing significant changes to the upper mixed layer of the ocean, reshuffling their distribution, and reorganizing their physiology and metabolism. In this study, we investigated changes in biomolecular composition and silicification rates of the two “model” diatom species Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Thalassiosira weissflogii under low (~ 350) and projected future (~ 800) pCO2 concentrations with low (20 μmol photons m−2 s−1) and high (200 μmol photons m−2 s−1) light, simulating expected climate change‐induced impacts of ocean shoaling and acidification. Specifically, our study conditions elicited changes in lipid and protein content in both species. We also found a negative effect of pCO2 on silica production under high light in T. weissflogii that was linked to improved photochemical efficiency. This interactive effect between light and pCO2 with silica production suggests a potential controlling role of the frustule in diatom photosynthesis and photoprotection (energy balance). Based on these data, ocean shoaling and acidification have the potential to influence the nutritional value and biogeochemical role of diatoms through its effect on diatom frustule synthesis and photobiology.
Focardi, A, Seymour, JR & Raina, J-B 2025, 'Overlooked tripartite microbial interactions influencing chemical cycling in the ocean', Trends in Microbiology, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 253-254.
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Ford, MJ, Loeb, CK, Smith, S, Quach, N, Ghanbari, LN & Lenhardt, JM 2025, 'Non-solvents as physical blowing agents in printable silicone foams', Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, vol. 37, no. 28, pp. 285102-285102.
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Abstract Silicone foams were produced by dispersing an incompatible liquid phase (i.e. a non-solvent) into an uncured, liquid silicone. The formulation and processing parameters were varied to see the effect on porosity and pore morphology. Specifically, two fluorosilanes were added to stabilize the inclusion of fluorinated solvents as blowing agents. As the floruosilane content increased, the void content increased up to about 44 vol. % when the fluorosilane comprised 18 wt. % of the initial formulation. Fumed silica that was treated with a fluorinated silane was also used to try to stabilize the dispersed liquid. While the fumed silica content did not have a strong effect on the total void content, the morphology changed when silica content changed. Various fluorinated solvents with distinct chemical structures were used as the non-solvent and then removed after curing of the silicone. The interaction of the internal non-solvent phase and the silicone phase was expected to influence the porosity. These insights highlight how the manipulation of formulation and processing parameters, focusing on the inclusion of fluorosilanes and fluorinated solvents, contributes to the understanding of how incompatible liquid phases interact with silicone matrices to control porosity and pore morphology. Additionally, these interactions also influenced processability, leading to formulations that could be printed. Higher content of non-solvent inclusions could increase the yield stress and storage modulus of an uncured formulation, leading to the ability to tune intrastrand porosity while a 3D printed architecture could be modified to introduce porosity between the strands. In addition to fluorinated solvents, we also considered non-fluorinated solvents since these may be more industrially relevant in the future. Overall, this approach provides an alternative route to producing porous foams that can be 3D printed, which ...
Ford, MJ, Telles, R, Porcincula, DH, Reyes, CG, Paul, S, Hendrix, I, Hawkes, E, Read de Alaniz, J, Cook, CC & Lee, E 2025, 'Versatile Liquid Crystal Elastomer Formulations Using Amine-Acrylate Chemistry and Processing for Advanced Manufacturing', ACS Applied Engineering Materials, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 1389-1398.
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Fowler, AM, Dowling, NA, Bolton, P, Folpp, H, Harnwell, J, Hughes, JM, Lowry, MB, Lyle, JM, Lynch, TP, McIlgorm, A, Miles, NG, Nichols, R, Ochwada-Doyle, FA, Pepperell, J, Tracey, S & Chick, RC 2025, 'Identifying priority recreational fishing objectives for inclusion in harvest strategies', ICES Journal of Marine Science, vol. 82, no. 5.
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Abstract Harvest strategies are considered best practice for fisheries management and are increasingly being used to achieve stakeholder and policy objectives. However, the objectives of recreational fishers are often poorly understood by fisheries practitioners and rarely integrated into harvest strategies, reducing the likelihood of achieving desired fisheries performance for this sector. We developed a two-phase approach to identifying and prioritizing recreational fishing (RF) objectives and applied it to three fish stocks of recreational importance in New South Wales, Australia. Workshops with experienced recreational fishers identified a broad range of operational objectives for these stocks that spanned the four pillars of sustainability—ecological, economic, social, and managerial. A state-wide preference survey was then used to determine priorities among those objectives that could be addressed within a harvest strategy. Objective preferences were generally similar among stocks, respondent groups, and fisher types, with ecological objectives found to be most important, particularly maintaining enough fish overall and regionally to ensure healthy stocks and avoid localized declines. Social objectives were more important than economic objectives, although “trophy-sized” fish were considered relatively unimportant. Our findings suggest that objective preferences of recreational fishers within NSW are relatively consistent across fish stocks and sub-groups of the RF community.
Fronzi, M, Stampfl, C, Ellis, A & Goudeli, E 2025, 'Quantum-assisted machine learning screening for sustainable anode discovery in lithium-ion batteries', Journal of Power Sources, vol. 652, pp. 237347-237347.
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Fursman, H, Brown, JA, Riseley, R, Silins, E, Bartlett, M, Latimer, J, Chadwick, S, Roux, C & Morelato, M 2025, 'Investigating drug trends among people who inject drugs: Temporal, geographical and operational analyses of used syringes in Sydney, Australia', International Journal of Drug Policy, vol. 140, pp. 104803-104803.
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Ganesan, K, Ghorbanpour, S, Kendall, W, Broome, ST, Gladding, JM, Dhungana, A, Abiero, AR, Mahmoudi, M, Castorina, A, Kendig, MD, Becchi, S, Valova, V, Cole, L & Bradfield, LA 2025, 'Hippocampal neuroinflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide causes sex-specific disruptions in action selection, food approach memories, and neuronal activation', Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, vol. 124, pp. 9-27.
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Gao, S, Nagler, PL, Woodgate, W, Huete, A & Doody, TM 2025, 'Advancing broadscale spatial evapotranspiration modelling by incorporating sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence measurements', Journal of Hydrology, vol. 660, pp. 133404-133404.
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Garcias‐Bonet, N, Villela, H, García, FC, Duarte, GAS, Delgadillo‐Ordoñez, N, Raimundo, I, El‐Khaled, YC, Santoro, EP, Bennett‐Smith, M, Nieuwenhuis, BO, Curdia, J, Zgliczynski, B, Edwards, C, Sandin, S, Osman, EO, Sicat, R, Przybysz, A, Rosado, AS, Jones, BH, Benzoni, F, Berumen, ML, Salama, K, Park, S, Aranda, M, Duarte, CM, Schmidt‐Roach, S, Hauser, CAE, Truscott, T, Suggett, DJ, Voolstra, CR, Carvalho, S & Peixoto, RS 2025, 'The Coral Probiotics Village: An Underwater Laboratory to Tackle the Coral Reefs Crisis', Ecology and Evolution, vol. 15, no. 7.
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ABSTRACTRestoration efforts are urgently needed for the conservation of coral reefs. Among emerging tools, the use of probiotics has shown promise in laboratory settings for improving coral resilience, but their validation under real‐world reef conditions remains limited. Here, we present the Coral Probiotics Village (CPV) as a novel and fully operational underwater research laboratory and a testing ground designed to support the in situ testing of microbial‐based coral restoration interventions. This manuscript describes the design, establishment, and scientific validation of the CPV, including continuous environmental monitoring, a summary of previously developed pilot trials of probiotic applications, and an integration of sensor networks, AI‐assisted reef monitoring, and autonomous technologies. We propose the CPV as a scalable model for integrated coral restoration science and suggest its replication as a tool to accelerate applied reef conservation efforts globally.
Garrick, S, Rudloff, I, Harpur, CM, Peterson, BM, Bourke, JE, Hansbro, PM, Cho, SX, Nold, MF, Tate, M & Nold-Petry, CA 2025, 'Mice With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Show Enhanced Airway Immune Cell Infiltration After Influenza A Virus Infection', American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, vol. 211, no. Abstracts, pp. A3021-A3021.
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Gibson, RK, Driscoll, DA, Macdonald, KJ, Williamson, GJ, Nolan, RH, Doherty, TS, Nimmo, DG, Ritchie, EG, Tozer, M, Tasker, L, Greenville, A, Roff, A, Callen, A, Maisey, A, Thomsen, A, Arriaga‐Jimenez, A, Foster, A, Hewitt, A, Gilpin, A, Denham, A, Stauber, A, Mackenzie, B, Law, B, Murray, B, Hawkins, B, Roberts, B, Beranek, CT, Dickman, C, Jolly, CJ, McLean, C, Reid, C, Dunne, C, Hancock, D, Keith, D, Pendall, E, Verhoeven, E, Cook, E, Spencer, E, Grant, F, Koehler, F, Madani, G, Wardle, G, Linley, G, Cook, JM, Lemmon, J, Gould, J, Webb, JK, Lee, J, Rayment, J, Marsh, K, Klop‐Toker, K, Schweickle, L, Ooi, M, Beitzel, M, Boer, M, Hewins, M, Mahony, M, Green, M, Letnic, M, Lane, M, Kelly, OW, Price, O, Brawata, R, Bilney, R, Crates, R, Witt, RR, Shofner, R, Power, SA, Wallace, SL, Stock, SE, Ryan, SA, Pulsford, S, Newsome, T, Le Breton, T, Allen, V, Miritis, V & Walker, Z 2025, 'Remotely Sensed Fire Heterogeneity and Biomass Recovery Predicts Empirical Biodiversity Responses', Global Ecology and Biogeography, vol. 34, no. 4.
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ABSTRACTAimTo compare field‐based evidence of plant and animal responses to fire with remotely sensed signals of fire heterogeneity and post‐fire biomass recovery.LocationSouth‐eastern Australia; New South Wales.Time Period2019–2022.Major Taxa StudiedA total of 982 species of plants and animals, in eight taxonomic groups: amphibians, birds, fish, insects, mammals, molluscs, plants and reptiles.MethodsWe collated 545,223 plant and animal response records from 47 field surveys of 4613 sites that focussed on areas burnt in 2019–2020. For each site, we calculated remotely sensed signals of fire heterogeneity and post‐fire biomass recovery, including the delayed recovery index. Meta‐regression analyses were conducted separately for species that declined after fire (negative effect sizes) and species that increased after fire (positive effect sizes) for each buffer size (250 m, 500 m, 1 km, 1.5 km, 2 km and 2.5 km radius).ResultsWe found that species exposed to homogenous high‐severity fire (i.e., low fire heterogeneity) were more likely to exhibit decreased abundance/occurrence or inhibited recovery. Areas with delayed recovery of biomass also had significant negative on‐ground responses, with lower abundance or occurrence in areas where biomass recovery was slower.Main ConclusionsThe fire heterogeneity index and the delayed recovery index are suitable for inclusion in monitoring and reporting systems for tracking relative measures over time, particularly when field survey data is not available at the landscape scales re...
Giglio, VJ, Adelir‐Alves, J, Balzaretti Merino, N, Bravo‐Olivas, ML, Camp, EF, Casoli, E, Chávez‐Dagostino, RM, Ferretti, E, Fraser, D, Grillo, AC, Jiménez‐Guiérrez, S, Leite, KL, Lucrezi, S, Luiz, OJ, Luna‐Pérez, B, McBride, J, Milanese, M, Moity, N, Pinheiro, JV, Renfro, B, Roche, R, Saliba, BM, Sara, A, Schiavetti, A, Toso, Y, Valle‐Pérez, C & Ferreira, CEL 2025, 'DiverReef: A global database of the behavior of recreational divers and their interactions with reefs over 20 years', Ecology, vol. 106, no. 2.
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AbstractRecreational diving is an important activity in reef environments worldwide, providing income and employment for coastal communities and connecting visiting divers to these ecosystems promoting conservation and stewardship. However, if poorly managed, diving has the potential to cause detrimental effects on benthic communities via mechanical damage caused by physical contact of divers with the reef, often in the form of unintentional fin kicks resulting from poor buoyancy. Understanding diver–reef interaction patterns is important to elucidate the potential impacts of diving tourism on the reef biota. The DiverReef database provides the first public dataset on the underwater behavior of recreational divers in shallow reef environments (<25 m depth) globally and their interactions with the reef seascape and/or reef benthic sessile organisms. The dataset comprises 20 years of data (2004–2023) by observing the behavior of 2311 recreational divers in nine countries at 19 diving destinations and 176 diving sites; 93% of the observations were in marine protected areas. The data were collected through on‐site observations of divers' behavior during tourism activities and their physical interactions with the reef structure and/or benthic sessile reef organisms. Observers discreetly followed divers and recorded their behavior and interactions with the reef over set periods. Interactions were described as “contact” or “damage,” the latter referring to when physical damage to a benthic organism or the reef structure was observed. Besides behavior, observers also recorded data on the type of diving activity (scuba or snorkeling), profiles of the divers (gender and experience), use of cameras by the divers, visibility, type of reef formation, and marine protection status of the dive site. The authors of this research expect that the data provided will be useful in advancing knowledge of how divers interact with reefs and i...
Gilchrist, AM, McNaughton, DA, Fares, M, Wu, X, Hawkins, BA, Butler, SJ, Hibbs, DE & Gale, PA 2025, 'Tetralactam-based anion transporters', Chem, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 102329-102329.
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Gillett, TE, Brandsma, C-A, Faiz, A, Timens, W, Koppelman, GH, Nawijn, MC & van den Berge, M 2025, 'Predicting corticosteroid response in COPD using baseline bronchial biopsy DNA methylation', ERJ Open Research, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 00724-2024.
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Giltrap, AM, Morris, N, Dong, YY, Cochrane, SA, Krulle, T, Hoekman, S, Semmelroth, M, Wollnik, C, Palmai-Pallag, T, Carpenter, EP, Hollick, J, Parkes, A, Rudhard, Y & Davis, BG 2025, 'Lipid-Modulated, Graduated Inhibition of N-Glycosylation Pathway Priming Suggests Wide Tolerance of ER Proteostasis to Stress', ACS Central Science, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 107-115.
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Grzywaczyk, A, Rojewska, M, Smułek, W, McNaughton, DA, Prochaska, K, Gale, PA & Kaczorek, E 2025, 'Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Saponins Modulate the Biophysical Properties of Bacterial Model Membranes and Affect Their Interactions with Tobramycin', Langmuir, vol. 41, no. 18, pp. 11701-11710.
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Gu, C, Li, J, Liu, Q, Zhang, H, Huete, A, Fang, H, Liu, L, Mumtaz, F, Lin, S, Wang, X, Dong, Y, Zhao, J, Bai, J, Yu, W, Liu, C & Guan, L 2025, 'Deriving leaf-scale chlorophyll index (CIleaf) from canopy reflectance by correcting for the canopy multiple scattering based on spectral invariant theory', Remote Sensing of Environment, vol. 322, pp. 114692-114692.
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Gul, S, Iqbal, W, Faraz, A, Nasim, F, Imran, M, Kanodarwala, FK & Nadeem, MA 2025, 'HKUST-1-Derived Copper Oxide-Supported Silver Nanoparticles for Highly Selective and Efficient Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction', Energy & Fuels, vol. 39, no. 23, pp. 11244-11255.
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Gunton, H, Fowler, AM, Booth, DJ & Stewart, J 2025, 'Patterns and drivers of movement in the estuary-associated sparid Acanthopagrus australis from a large-scale tagging study', Fisheries Research, vol. 287, pp. 107400-107400.
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Gupta, K, Grimison, P, Fernandez, K, Choi, V & Bhadri, V 2025, 'Real-World Clinical Utility of Tumor Next-Generation Sequencing in Adolescent and Young Adult Patients With Sarcoma', JCO Precision Oncology, no. 9.
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PURPOSE Tumor next-generation sequencing (NGS) enables molecular profiling to identify actionable mutations and guide targeted therapy. Adolescent and young adults (AYAs) with advanced sarcoma often face poor prognosis and limited systemic options. This study evaluated the clinical utility of tumor NGS in this population. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, including consecutive AYA patients with sarcoma who underwent tumor NGS between 2015 and 2025. Sequencing was performed through four molecular screening programs: Molecular Screening and Therapeutics, Cancer Screening Program, Personalized Rare and Infrequent Solid Malignancies, Zero Childhood Cancer Program, and commercial platform Foundation Medicine (FoundationOne CDx). Platforms used whole-genome sequencing, whole-exome sequencing, or targeted panels, assessing between 324 and 523 genes. Analyzed biomarkers included somatic mutations, gene fusions, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability. Key end points included frequency of actionable mutations, treatment changes, and outcomes from NGS-guided therapies. RESULTS NGS was successfully performed in 108 of 115 patients (94%). Actionable mutations were identified in 28 patients (24.4%), with molecular confirmation of diagnosis in four (3.5%). TMB was reported in 93 cases: 88 (94.6%) had low TMB (<10 mut/MB) and five (5.4%) had high TMB (≥10 mut/MB). Sixteen patients (14.8%) received NGS-directed therapy, mostly through clinical trials. Of them, 12 (75%) experienced disease progression, and only five (4.4%) derived clinical benefit (stable disease, partial response, or complete respo...
Halliday, FW, Everingham, SE, Bröcher, M, Ebeling, A, Kempel, A, Mundim, FM, Strauss, AT, Xirocostas, ZA & Kohli, M 2025, 'Towards an integrative mechanistic framework for biodiversity–consumer relationships', Trends in Ecology & Evolution, vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 539-553.
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Harris, RJ, Bryant, C, Arnold, PA, Scafaro, AP, Leigh, A, Coleman, MA & Nicotra, AB 2025, 'Seasonal response of respiration and thermal tolerance of PSII to sea surface temperature variation in two foundation seaweed species', Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, vol. 592, pp. 152129-152129.
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Hasan, MZ, Raihan, R, Alam, NK, Kaysir, MR, Islam, MS & Mahmud, MAP 2025, 'Design and analysis of junctionless dielectric modulated double-gate GaNFET biosensor for label-free DNA detection', Materials Today Electronics, vol. 11, pp. 100144-100144.
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Hawkins, BA, Adair, LD, Ryder, WG, Du, JJ, Najib, E, New, EJ, Gale, PA, Platts, JA, Groundwater, PW & Hibbs, DE 2025, 'Influence of Halogen Substituents on the Photophysical Properties of 7‐Hydroxycoumarin: Insights from Experimental and Theoretical Studies', ChemPhysChem, vol. 26, no. 5.
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AbstractThe benzopyrone molecule coumarin is a popular fluorescent scaffold, but how chemical modifications affect its properties is not well understood. We investigated this using halogenated 7‐hydroxycoumarin, unsubstituted 4‐methylumbiliferone, and ortho‐chloro and bromo substitutions on the phenolic ring. Charge density data from X‐Ray diffraction and computational methods revealed that halogenation at the ortho position significantly reduced quantum yield (QY). Specifically, 7‐hydroxycoumarin (1) had a QY of 70 %, while ortho‐chloro (2) and ortho‐bromo (3) had QYs of 61 % and 30 %, respectively. Experimental data showed that these molecules excited similarly, but the electrostatic potential and dipole moments indicated that 2 and 3 dissipated excitation energy more easily due to charge separation. The heavy‐atom effect of Cl and Br did not fully explain the QY reductions, suggesting other radiative decay processes were involved. By incorporating spin‐orbit coupling (SOC) effects, we estimated intersystem crossing (ISC) and phosphorescence rates, providing theoretical QYs of 78 % for 1, 59 % for 2, and 15 % for 3. The large deviation for 3 was attributed to its higher SOC potential derived in computational calculations. Our overall findings indicate that 3’s reduced QY results from a mix of SOC‐induced ISC and charge dissipation due to the electronegativity of Br atom, while 2’s reduction is primarily due to charge separation caused by Cl alone. Further studies are needed to validate this approach with other scaffolds.
Hayes, C, Mitchell, A, Huerlimann, R, Jolly, J, Li, C, Booth, DJ, Ravasi, T & Nagelkerken, I 2025, 'Stomach Microbiome Simplification of a Coral Reef Fish at Its Novel Cold‐Range Edge Under Climate Change', Molecular Ecology, vol. 34, no. 7.
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ABSTRACTClimate‐driven range extensions of animals into higher latitudes are often facilitated by phenotypic plasticity. Modifications to habitat preference, behaviour and diet can increase the persistence of range‐extending species in novel high‐latitude ecosystems. These strategies may be influenced by changes in their gut and stomach microbial communities that are critical to host fitness and potentially adaptive plasticity. Yet, it remains unknown if the gut and stomach microbiome of range‐extending species is plastic in their novel ranges to help facilitate these modifications. Here, we categorised stomach microbiome communities of a prevalent range‐extending coral reef fish along a 2000‐km latitudinal gradient in a global warming hotspot, extending from their tropical core range to their temperate cold range edge. At their cold range edge, the coral reef fish's stomach microbiome showed a 59% decrease in bacterial diversity and a 164% increase in the relative abundance of opportunistic bacteria (Vibrio) compared to their core range. Microbiome diversity was unaffected by fish body size, water temperature, physiology (cellular defence and damage) and habitat type (turf, barren, oyster, kelp and coral) across their range. The observed shifts in microbiome composition suggest dysbiosis and low plasticity of tropical range‐extending fishes to novel environmental conditions (e.g., temperate prey and lower seawater temperature) at their novel range edges, which may increase their susceptibility to disease in temperate ecosystems. We conclude that fishes extending their ranges to higher latitudes under ocean warming can experience a simplification (i.e., reduced diversity) of their stomach microbiome, which could restrict their current rate of range extensions or establishment in temperate ecosystems.
Haysom‐McDowell, A, Paudel, KR, Yeung, S, Kokkinis, S, El Sherkawi, T, Chellappan, DK, Adams, J, Dua, K & De Rubis, G 2025, 'Recent trends and therapeutic potential of phytoceutical‐based nanoparticle delivery systems in mitigating non‐small cell lung cancer', Molecular Oncology, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 15-36.
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Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death globally, with non‐small cell lung cancer accounting for the majority (85%) of cases. Standard treatments including chemotherapy and radiotherapy present multiple adverse effects. Medicinal plants, used for centuries, are traditionally processed by methods such as boiling and oral ingestion, However, water solubility, absorption, and hepatic metabolism reduce phytoceutical bioavailability. More recently, isolated molecular compounds from these plants can be extracted with these phytoceuticals administered either individually or as an adjunct with standard therapy. Phytoceuticals have been shown to alleviate symptoms, may reduce dosage of chemotherapy and, in some cases, enhance pharmaceutical mechanisms. Research has identified many phytoceuticals' actions on cancer‐associated pathways, such as oncogenesis, the tumour microenvironment, tumour cell proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis. The development of novel nanoparticle delivery systems such as solid lipid nanoparticles, liquid crystalline nanoparticles, and liposomes has enhanced the bioavailability and targeted delivery of pharmaceuticals and phytoceuticals. This review explores the biological pathways associated with non‐small cell lung cancer, a diverse range of phytoceuticals, the cancer pathways they act upon, and the pros and cons of several nanoparticle delivery systems.
He, VX & Wand, MP 2025, 'The Grouped Horseshoe Distribution and Its Statistical Properties', Stat, vol. 14, no. 1.
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ABSTRACTThe Grouped Horseshoe distribution arises from hierarchical structures in the recent Bayesian methodological literature aimed at selection of groups of regression coefficients. We isolate this distribution and study its properties concerning Bayesian statistical inference. Most, but not all, of the properties of the univariate Horseshoe distribution are seen to transfer to the grouped case.
Hennessey, M, Whitefield, B, Gale, A, Kianinia, M, Scott, JA, Aharonovich, I & Toth, M 2025, 'Framework for Engineering of Spin Defects in Hexagonal Boron Nitride by Focused Ion Beams', Advanced Quantum Technologies, vol. 8, no. 2.
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AbstractHexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is gaining interest as a wide bandgap van der Waals host of optically active spin defects for quantum technologies. Most studies of the spin‐photon interface in hBN focus on the negatively charged boron vacancy (VB−) defect, which is typically fabricated by ion irradiation. However, the applicability and wide deployment of VB− defects is limited by VB− fabrication methods which lack robustness and reproducibility, particularly when applied to thin flakes (≲10 nm) of hBN. Here, two key factors are elucidated that underpin the formation and quenching of VB− centers by ion irradiation—density of defects generated in the hBN lattice and recoil‐implantation of foreign atoms into hBN. Critically, it is shown that the latter is extremely efficient at inhibiting the generation of optically‐active VB− centers. This is significant because foreign atoms such as carbon are commonplace on both the top and bottom surfaces of hBN during ion irradiation, in the form of hydrocarbon contaminants, polymer residues from hBN transfer methods, protective capping layers and substrates. Recoil implantation must be accounted for when selecting ion beam parameters such as ion mass, energy, fluence, incidence angle, and sputter/span yield, which are discussed in the context of a framework for VB− generation by high‐resolution focused ion beam (FIB) systems.
Herdean, A, Bedoya, M, Kim, M, Poddar, N, Hoch, L & Ralph, PJ 2025, 'Phenotypic plasticity can be modulated by epigenetic means via DNA methylation in the microalgae Desmodesmus armatus', Algal Research, vol. 90, pp. 104206-104206.
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Herdean, A, Hoch, L, Willis, A, Benediktyova, Z, Zunt, R, Trtilek, M, Trtilek, J & Ralph, PJ 2025, 'Automated phenotyping of microalgae: scalable solution for high-throughput analysis', Bioresource Technology, vol. 434, pp. 132763-132763.
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Hibberd, K & Lim, CED 2025, 'Regulation of Chinese medicine practitioners in Australia 2024: Ensuring public safety and professional standards', Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 10-12.
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Hill, M, Stapleton, S, Nguyen, PT, Sais, D, Deutsch, F, Gay, VC, Marsh, DJ & Tran, N 2025, 'The potential regulation of the miR-17–92a cluster by miR-21', The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, vol. 178, pp. 106705-106705.
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Hitchcock, JN, Brooks, AJ, Haeusler, T, McInerney, PJ, Parsons, DF & Thompson, RM 2025, 'Inundation of different river bank heights influences organic matter concentrations and zooplankton abundance', Limnology and Oceanography.
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AbstractRegulation and water extraction change flow regimes in lowland rivers, affecting ecosystem functions and wetting patterns of riverbanks. River connectivity to lateral environments is crucial for organic matter cycling and the life cycles of diapausing microinvertebrates. While extreme hydraulic periods (floods and cease‐flow) are well‐studied, the impact of small to medium flows on riverine carbon flux is less understood. We conducted a mesocosm study to examine litter, nutrient, and zooplankton contributions from different bank heights in the Mehi River, Australia. Sediment from three bank heights (lower, lower + middle, and lower + middle + upper) was added to 1000 L mesocosms. Upper bank heights had more organic matter, leaf litter, and live plant coverage. Sediment from upper and middle banks increased organic carbon and phosphorus concentrations. Zooplankton abundance was higher in treatments with upper bank sediment compared to lower bank sediment. Zooplankton communities varied, with rotifer taxa including Keratella valga and Filinia passa in upper bank treatments. We estimated zooplankton biomass contributions under current regulated hydrology and compared them to a predevelopment scenario without water extraction. Regulation has reduced zooplankton input from banks by about 8.8%. Inundating higher banks increases carbon and microinvertebrate availability for food webs compared to only inundating lower sections. These findings inform effective flow management strategies and highlight how targeted environmental water use can enhance lowland river ecosystem productivity.
Hoang, PL & Van Vuong, Q 2025, 'A Comprehensive Review of the Botany, Bioactive Compounds and Health Benefits of Leptospermum', Chemistry & Biodiversity, vol. 22, no. 4.
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ABSTRACTThere is increasing interest in research and application of natural bioactive compounds due to the growing demand for functional ingredients from the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. A major challenge is finding suitable natural plant resources for the development of functional ingredients. Leptospermum, a genus of the myrtle family (Myrtaceae), is primarily native to Australia. This genus has been traditionally used for the treatment of a range of ailments, such as colds, fever, constipation, diarrhoea, skin, inflammation, stomach disorder and both internal and external pain. Manuka honey, known for its medicinal properties, is produced from the nectar of Leptospermum flowers, and the leaves of some species are used for essential oil production. Various volatiles, such as pinene, citral and citronellal, have been identified in Leptospermum essential oils. In addition, various non‐volatile compounds like leptosperin, cyanidin, quercetin, ellagic acid, delphinidin and myricetin have been isolated from Leptospermum extracts. Preliminary studies have linked Leptospermum essential oils and extracts with various health‐promoting properties, such as antimicrobial activity, antidiabetes, anticancer and anti‐Alzheimer's disease activities, revealing potential applications of Leptospermum as functional ingredients. To provide a comprehensive understanding of Leptospermum for future research and applications, this review presents an overview of its botanical features, outlines volatile and non‐volatile active molecules identified in the genus, reviews potential health benefits and finally proposes trends for future studies on Leptospermum.
Hoang, PL, Castorina, A, Cheng, YY & Vuong, QV 2025, 'Optimum heat reflux extraction of key bioactive compounds from lemon scented tea tree ( Leptospermum petersonii) leaves and their cytotoxic effects', Cogent Food & Agriculture, vol. 11, no. 1.
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Horder, J, Scognamiglio, D, Coste, N, Gale, A, Watanabe, K, Taniguchi, T, Kianinia, M, Toth, M & Aharonovich, I 2025, 'Optical Coherence of B Center Quantum Emitters in Hexagonal Boron Nitride', ACS Photonics, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 1284-1290.
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Hossain, KR, Alghalayini, A, Turkewitz, DR, D’Amario, C, Gorrie, CA, Wallach, M & Valenzuela, SM 2025, 'Exogenously added recombinant CLIC proteins provide antioxidant protection to cells in culture', Advances in Redox Research, vol. 15, pp. 100132-100132.
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Hossain, ST & Parvez Mahmud, MA 2025, 'Feasibility of CO2 capture by MEA solvent in blue hydrogen production from waste plastics', Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry.
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Hu, J, Peng, D, Chen, JM, Huete, AR, Yu, L, Lou, Z, Cheng, E, Yang, X & Zhang, B 2025, 'High-precision inversion of vegetation parameters in the AI era: Integrating hyperspectral remote sensing and deep learning', The Innovation, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 100868-100868.
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Huang, C, Yu, J, Yue Zhang, C, Cui, Z, He, R, Yang, L, Nan, B, Li, C, Qi, X, Qi, X, Li, J, Yuan Zhou, J, Usoltsev, O, Simonelli, L, Arbiol, J, Lei, Y, Sun, Q, Wang, G & Cabot, A 2025, 'Anionic Doping in Layered Transition Metal Chalcogenides for Robust Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries', Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol. 64, no. 8.
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AbstractLithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs) are among the most promising next‐generation energy storage technologies. However, a slow Li−S reaction kinetics at the LSB cathode limit their energy and power densities. To address these challenges, this study introduces an anionic‐doped transition metal chalcogenide as an effective catalyst to accelerate the Li−S reaction. Specifically, a tellurium‐doped, carbon‐supported bismuth selenide with Se vacancies (Te−Bi2Se3–x@C) is prepared and tested as a sulfur host in LSB cathodes. X‐ray absorption and in situ X‐ray diffraction analyses reveal that Te doping induces lattice distortions and modulates the local coordination environment and electronic structure of Bi atoms to promote the catalytic activity toward the conversion of polysulfides. Additionally, the generated Se vacancies alter the electronic structure around atomic defect sites, increase the carrier concentration, and activate unpaired cations to effectively trap polysulfides. As a result, LSBs based on Te−Bi2Se3–x@C/S cathodes demonstrate outstanding specific capacities of 1508 mAh ⋅ g−1 at 0.1 C, excellent rate performance with 655 mAh ⋅ g−1 at 5 C, and near‐integral cycle stability over 1000 cycles. Furthermore, under high sulfur loading of 6.4 mg ⋅ cm−2, a cathode capacity exceeding 8 mAh ⋅ cm−2 is sustained at 0.1 C current rate, with 6.4 mAh ⋅ cm−2 retained after 300 cycles under lean electrolyte conditions (6.8 μL ⋅ mg−1).
Huang, X, Horder, J, Yamamura, K, Wong, WW, Aharonovich, I, Wang, N, Jagadish, C & Tan, HH 2025, 'Bottom-up Single Quantum Dots in Microring Resonators for On-Chip Integrated Single Emitters', Nano Letters, vol. 25, no. 15, pp. 6318-6324.
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Hughes, JM, Johnson, DD, Ochwada-Doyle, FA, Murphy, JJ, Taylor, MD & Fowler, AM 2025, 'Variable post-capture condition estimated by visual assessment for key recreational species discarded in a nearshore marine charter fishery off eastern Australia', Fisheries Research, vol. 288, pp. 107372-107372.
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Hunt, E, Bradford, RW, Booth, DJ, Doak, C, Patterson, TA & Peddemors, VM 2025, 'Ontogenetic change in body shape for white sharks, Carcharodon carcharias, in Australian waters', Journal of Fish Biology, vol. 106, no. 4, pp. 1058-1070.
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AbstractThe analysis of how biological shape changes across ontogeny can provide us with valuable information on how species adapt behaviorally, physiologically, and ecologically. The white shark Carcharodon carcharias is one of the largest and most widely distributed apex predators globally, yet an understanding of ontogenetic changes in body shape and relative scaling of length and weight measures is limited, especially in relation to foraging ecology. Through analysis of a suite of shape‐related metrics, we identified ontogenetic patterns of scaling throughout development. Isometric growth was exhibited for most metrics, failing to show a significant deviation from an isometric slope of 1.0 for length–length relationships, and 3.0 for weight–length relationships. The most notable difference from this trend was the negative allometric growth observed for the upper caudal‐fin lobe length, trunk length, and the mouth length. The surface area of the fins also presented a strong, positive relationship with precaudal length (PCL) and the girth at the pectoral fin. Negative allometric growth was exhibited for three of the fins (pectoral, upper caudal fin, and lower caudal fin) against PCL, exhibiting a significant deviation from the expected isometric growth of 2.0 for area–length relationships. There were no significant differences in morphometric relationships between geographic regions within Australia that samples were collected from. No differences between the sexes were identified; however, this may be an artifact of the lack of mature animal samples. Conversely, life stage was found to have a significant effect on the girth–length and weight–length relationships. The development of regression equations for morphometric measures allows the assessment of white shark body condition and may serve as an assessment tool to understand the potential impacts of human‐induced environmental change on w...
Ikram, M, Mahmud, MAP, Kalyar, AA, Alomayri, T, Almahri, A & Hussain, D 2025, '3D-bioprinting of MXenes: Developments, medical applications, challenges, and future roadmap', Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, vol. 251, pp. 114568-114568.
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Ingham, J, Consiglio, A, di Sante, D, Thomale, R & Scammell, H 2025, 'Theory of excitonic order in kagome metal ScV6Sn6'.
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Ingham, J, Scheurer, M & Scammell, H 2025, 'Moiré M-valley bilayers: quasi-one-dimensional physics, unconventional spin textures and twisted van Hove singularities'.
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Ingham, J, Thomale, R & Scammell, H 2025, 'Vestigial Order from an Excitonic Mother State in Kagome Superconductors AV3Sb5'.
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Insuasty, A, Carrara, S, Vu, D, Montalvo-Acosta, JJ, Ortíz, A, Hogan, C, McNeill, CR & Langford, SJ 2025, 'Synthesis and evaluation of new isoquinoline diimide derivatives as small molecule acceptors for organic solar cells', Tetrahedron, vol. 178, pp. 134616-134616.
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Irvine, CP, Murdoch, BJ, Field, MR, Matar, F, Phillips, MR & Ton-That, C 2025, 'Indentation-induced formation of vacancy defects in β-Ga2O3 crystals', Applied Surface Science, vol. 712, pp. 164217-164217.
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Jacob, PE, Choudhary, N, Dikshit, A, Evans, JP, Pradhan, B & Huete, AR 2025, 'Flash drought prediction using deep learning', Environmental Research Letters, vol. 20, no. 7, pp. 074006-074006.
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Abstract Flash droughts are rapid, short-term drought events that develop within weeks, driven by factors such as low rainfall, high temperatures, and strong winds, which deplete soil moisture and stress vegetation. These events have profound agricultural, economic, and ecological impacts, yet the use of machine learning to predict flash droughts remains underexplored, hindered by challenges like imbalanced datasets and limited data. This study addresses these issues by applying Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to predict flash droughts in Eastern Australia, a region prone to such events. We identified flash droughts from 2001 to 2022, training the model with data from 2001–2015, validating it on 2016–2017 data, and testing it on 2018–2022 data. The model’s performance was evaluated across drought duration, spatial distribution, and seasonal variability. Achieving a balanced accuracy of 80% and an Area under the curve of 93%, the CNN demonstrated strong predictive capability. However, it tended to overestimate the spatial extent of droughts, indicating areas for future improvement. These results highlight the potential of deep learning in flash drought prediction, offering valuable insights for early warning systems and drought management strategies.
Jerin, A, Mahmud, MAP, Michalczyk, A & Kouzani, AZ 2025, 'Environmental and Policy Insights from a Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Hospital Equipment', Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management, vol. 27, no. 02.
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Across the globe, the healthcare sector has significant impacts on the environment. This study used a comprehensive Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to evaluate the environmental footprints of a variety of types of hospital equipment and consumables in four categories, specifically: reusable instruments, single-use instruments, medical disinfectants, and specimen collection containers. We gathered the required data for the LCA from three sources — Dhaka Medical College Hospital, published literature, and a public database — and analysed it using OpenLCA software. The LCA results show that single-use instruments have higher carbon emissions and terrestrial ecotoxicity than reusable instruments, disinfectants, and containers. Conversely, reusable instruments impact mineral resource scarcity and freshwater ecotoxicity more significantly. The single-use steel laryngoscope handle has the highest greenhouse gas emissions (1.252 kg CO2 eq), while alcohol swabs have the lowest (0.00315 kg CO2 eq). The laparotomy tray shows the highest mineral resource scarcity impact (0.0466 kg Cu eq) and freshwater ecotoxicity (measured at 0.36 kg 1,4-Dichlorobenzene (DCB) equivalents), while alcohol swabs and urine specimen jars have the lowest mineral resource scarcity and freshwater ecotoxicity impacts, respectively. These findings can inform strategies to reduce environmental impacts in healthcare. Based on the findings, the study also proposes actionable policy recommendations to promote sustainable procurement, encourage efficient equipment use, and support environmental accountability in hospital practices.
Johnston, NP, Butterworth, NJ, Meiklejohn, KA, Grzywacz, A, Pape, T, Szpila, K & Wallman, JF 2025, 'Carrion‐breeding flies of Australia and New Zealand: A review and key to adults', Austral Entomology, vol. 64, no. 2.
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AbstractCarrion‐breeding flies are diverse with over 70 species in the Australasian/Oceanian region, predominantly from the families Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae. These flies play crucial roles in ecosystems as primary decomposers, pollinators and food sources for a variety of predators and parasites. Given their unique ecologies and exceptional diversity, they have also proven to be particularly useful for human purposes in agriculture, in medicinal maggot therapy and in forensic entomology. Despite this, to date, there have been no comprehensive diagnostic tools developed for carrion‐breeding flies in the Australasian region, which has hindered their use by non‐experts in these applied fields. Here, we provide an updated key for the identification of the adults of over 70 species of Australian and New Zealand flies known or suspected to breed in carrion. We also provide a review of the current state of knowledge regarding the biology and taxonomy of carrion‐breeding flies in the Australasian region—summarising over a century of information regarding their distributions, available molecular data, biology, developmental data and the morphology of immature stages. Together, these resources will greatly improve the application of these species in forensics, agriculture, medicine and empirical research.
Karami, H, Thurn, B, de Boer, NK, Ramos, J, Covington, JA, Lozano, J, Liu, T, Zhang, W, Su, S & Ueland, M 2025, 'Application of gas sensor technology to locate victims in mass disasters – a review', Natural Hazards, vol. 121, no. 1, pp. 31-60.
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Abstract The occurrence of mass disasters are increasing as a result of changing climates and the growing threat of terrorist activities/conflicts. When these tragedies strike, it is critical to locate victims. While search and rescue dogs are trained to locate the living, cadaver detection dogs are trained to locate the deceased. These dogs rely on the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from the victims to do so. Knowing which dog unit to deploy can be challenging, and the victims’ makeup is likely to change following disasters in densely inhabited places, where commingling is likely to occur. The use of electronic nose technologies in forensic science is a recent breakthrough. Due to their ability to detect differing VOCs, this technology can be used to assist in the recovery of victims in disaster events. The most popular types of accessible gas sensor technologies are briefly introduced and compared in this article for their potential use to locate missing persons, both living and deceased. The current and future market needs are articulated, and the lack of enrichment of these needs is examined in relation to the capabilities of existing gas sensors. This will inform further research areas of preference to increase victim detection capabilities.
Khan, JU, Lin, G, Sadraeian, M, Cheng, YY & Jin, D 2025, 'Electrokinetically Driven On-Fiber Active Lateral Flow Assay for MicroRNA Detection', Analytical Chemistry, vol. 97, no. 27, pp. 14210-14219.
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Kim, RY & Donovan, C 2025, 'HCKing COPD: unveiling the role of HCK in COPD pathogenesis', eBioMedicine, vol. 115, pp. 105714-105714.
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Kondaveeti, S, Mondal, AK, Varghese, S, Sathish, CI, Akter, F, Kuzhiumparambil, U & Ralph, P 2025, 'Ulvan-based composite aerogels for efficient methylene blue adsorption', International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, vol. 309, pp. 142687-142687.
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Koong, J, Hall, RM & Hamidian, M 2025, 'Genomic characteristics of the multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii global clone 1 reference strain A297/RUH875', Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol. 80, no. 7, pp. 1988-1992.
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Abstract Objectives Acinetobacter baumannii ST1, also known as global clone 1 (GC1), is a globally distributed lineage associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The multiresistant isolate A297/RUH8751, recovered from a urinary tract infection in the Netherlands in 1984, has served as a reference strain for ST1. We aimed to generate and analyse the complete genome sequence of A297/RUH8751 to provide insights into its genomic features, antibiotic resistance determinants and phylogenetic placement. Methods WGS was performed using Oxford Nanopore GridION and Illumina HiSeq platforms. Assembly was conducted with Autocycler v0.2.1. Genomic features, including antibiotic resistance genes, insertion sequences and restriction-modification systems, were characterized using ResFinder, ISFinder and REBASE. Comparative analyses were conducted with the draft genome of NIPH 527, which also represents RUH875, to assess sequence variations. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to determine the evolutionary placement of A297/RUH875 within GC1. Results The complete genome of RUH875 (A297) consists of a 3 965 450 bp chromosome and three plasmids: pA297-1 (pRAY*; 6078 bp), pA297-2 (8731 bp) and pA297-3 (a 200 kb conjugative plasmid). The chromosome harbours the AbaR21 genomic resistance island, carrying seven antibiotic resistance genes and six prophage regions. Notably, bap1 and bap2, biofilm-associated genes, were fully resolved, with bap1 identical to that of A. baumannii A1—the earliest GC1 isolate. Comparative analysis with A1 revealed 122 SNPs, with clustered variations suggesting potenti...
Krosch, MN, Johnston, NP, Law, K, Wallman, JF & Archer, MS 2025, 'Retrospective review of forensic entomology casework in eastern Australia from 1994 to 2022', Forensic Science International, vol. 367, pp. 112355-112355.
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Kumbhar, PS, Chavan, R, Darekar, S, Kolekar, K, Sequeira, A, Vishwas, S, Gupta, G, Paudel, KR, Singh, SK, Dua, K, Disouza, J & Patravale, V 2025, 'Bridging gap in treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome through drug repurposing: what we achieved and where we are?', Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, vol. 398, no. 4, pp. 3213-3240.
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Kusrini, E, Nuzula, K, Usman, A, Wilson, LD, Gunawan, C & Prasetyo, AB 2025, 'Enhanced Cytotoxicity and Antifungal Effects of Iron-Oxide Chitosan/Samarium/Ranitidine Microparticles', Sains Malaysiana, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 3673-3686.
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This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity and antifungal properties of Sm(NO3)3.6H2O salt, chitosan/Sm complex, iron oxide (Fe3O4 NPs), and iron-oxide modified chitosan/Sm/ranitidine microparticles. The microparticles of iron-oxide modified chitosan/Sm/ranitidine composites were synthesized from various masses of Sm(NO3)3.6H2O (250-350 mg), chitosan (2,000-2,500 mg), and (5-25 mg) through the microwave-assisted evaporation method. The Fe3O4 NPs and ranitidine/Sm were mixed with chitosan through a dispersion method by microwave. The toxicity studies of iron-oxide modified chitosan/Sm/ranitidine composites showed 50% lethal concentration in the range from 3,600 to 3,900 µg/mL on the aquatic crustacean Artemia salina, suggesting their slight toxicity. Antifungal activities for all samples were determined using the agar diffusion and serial dilution methods. The iron-oxide modified chitosan/Sm/ranitidine composites showed inhibition zone diameter of Aspergillus niger from 18.33 to 14.67 mm at 1,000 µg/mL. All composites and chitosan/Sm complex showed bioactivity properties with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 2.5 µg/mL against A. niger. These composites and chitosan/Sm complex have the same minimum fungicidal concentration, showing the potential to inhibit fungi. Overall results suggested that modifying the structure of chitosan using Sm3+, Fe3O4 NPs, and ranitidine enhanced its physical, chemical, and biological properties as an antifungal agent.
Kyu, HH, Vongpradith, A, Dominguez, R-MV, Ma, J, Albertson, SB, Novotney, A, Khalil, IA, Troeger, CE, Doxey, MC, Ledesma, JR, Sirota, SB, Bender, RG, Swetschinski, LR, Cunningham, M, Spearman, S, Abate, YH, Abd Al Magied, AHA, Abd ElHafeez, S, Abdoun, M, Abera, B, Abidi, H, Aboagye, RG, Abtew, YD, Abualruz, H, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abukhadijah, HJ, Aburuz, S, Addo, IY, Adekanmbi, V, Adetunji, COO, Adeyeoluwa, TE, Adhikary, RK, Adnani, QES, Adra, S, Adzigbli, LA, Afolabi, AA, Afzal, MS, Afzal, S, Agampodi, SB, Agide, FD, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmad, A, Ahmad, S, Ahmed, A, Ahmed, A, Ahmed, H, Ahmed, S, Akinosoglou, K, Akter, E, Al Awaidy, S, Alajlani, MM, Alam, K, Albakri, A, Albashtawy, M, Aldhaleei, WA, Algammal, AM, Al-Gheethi, AAS, Ali, A, Ali, SS, Ali, W, Alif, SM, Aljunid, SM, Al-Marwani, S, Almazan, JU, Al-Mekhlafi, HM, Almustanyir, S, Alqahatni, SA, Alrawashdeh, A, Al-Rifai, RH, Alsabri, MA, Altaf, A, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Alvis-Zakzuk, NJ, Alyahya, MSI, Al-Zyoud, WA, Amugsi, DA, Andrei, CL, Antoni, S, Anuoluwa, BS, Anuoluwa, IA, Anwar, S, Anwari, P, Apostol, GLC, Arabloo, J, Arafat, M, Aravkin, AY, Areda, D, Aregawi, BB, Aremu, A, Arndt, MB, Asgedom, AA, Ashraf, T, Athari, SS, Atreya, A, Ayele, F, Azadi, D, Azhar, GS, Aziz, S, Azzam, AY, Babu, GR, Bahrami Taghanaki, P, Bahramian, S, Balakrishnan, S, Banik, B, Bante, SA, Bardhan, M, Bärnighausen, TW, Barqawi, HJ, Barrow, A, Basharat, Z, Bassat, Q, Bastan, M-M, Basu, S, Bathini, PP, Behzadi, P, Beiranvand, M, Bello, MB, Bello, OO, Beloukas, A, Beran, A, Bhandari, D, Bhardwaj, P, Bhutta, ZA, Borhany, H, Bouaoud, S, Brauer, M, Buonsenso, D, Butt, ZA, Çakmak Barsbay, M, Cámera, LA, Capodici, A, Castañeda-Orjuela, CA, Cenderadewi, M, Chakraborty, C, Chakraborty, S, Chattu, VK, Chaudhary, AA, Chichagi, F, Ching, PR, Chirinos-Caceres, JL, Chopra, H, Choudhari, SG, Chowdhury, EK, Chu, D-T, Chukwu, IS, Chutiyami, M, Cruz-Martins, N, Dadras, O, Dai, X, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Darcho, SD, Das, JK, Dash, NR, Delgado-Enciso, I, Desye, B, Devanbu, VGC, Dhama, K, Dhimal, M, Diaz, MJ, Do, TC, Dohare, S, Dorostkar, F, Doshi, OP, Doshmangir, L, Dsouza, HL, Duraisamy, S, Durojaiye, OC, E'mar, AR, Ed-Dra, A, Edinur, HA, Efendi, D, Efendi, F, Eghbali, F, Ekundayo, TC, El Sayed, I, Elhadi, M, El-Metwally, AA, Elshaer, M, Elsohaby, I, Eltaha, C, Eshrati, B, Eslami, M, Fahim, A & et al. 2025, 'Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific burden of diarrhoeal diseases, their risk factors, and aetiologies, 1990–2021, for 204 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021', The Lancet Infectious Diseases, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 519-536.
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Labara Tirado, J, Herdean, A & Ralph, PJ 2025, 'The need for smart microalgal bioprospecting', Natural Products and Bioprospecting, vol. 15, no. 1.
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Abstract Microalgae’s adaptability and resilience to Earth’s diverse environments have evolved these photosynthetic microorganisms into a biotechnological source of industrially relevant physiological functions and biometabolites. Despite this, microalgae-based industries only exploit a handful of species. This lack of biodiversity hinders the expansion of the microalgal industry. Microalgal bioprospecting, searching for novel biological algal resources with new properties, remains a low throughput and time-consuming endeavour due to inefficient workflows that rely on non-selective sampling, monoalgal culture status and outdated, non-standardized characterization techniques. This review will highlight the importance of microalgal bioprospecting and critically explore commonly employed methodologies. We will also explore current advances driving the next generation of smart algal bioprospecting focusing on novel workflows and transdisciplinary methodologies with the potential to enable high-throughput microalgal biodiscoveries. Images adapted from (Addicted04 in Wikipedia File: Australia on the globe (Australia centered).svg. 2014.; Jin et al. in ACS Appl Bio Mater 4:5080–5089, 2021; Kim et al. in Microchim Acta 189:88, 2022; Tony et al. in Lab on a Chip 15, 19:3810–3810; Thermo Fisher Scientific INC. in CTS Rotea Brochure). Graphical abstract
Lalor, R, Tanaka, A, Shiels, J, Dixit, A, Hoadley, S, Dufourd, E, Hamon, S, To, J, Taggart, CC, Weldon, S, O'Brien, B, Greer, J, Dalton, JP & Donnelly, S 2025, 'An immunoregulatory amphipathic peptide derived from Fasciola hepatica helminth defense molecule (FhHDM‐1.C2) exhibits potent biotherapeutic activity in a murine model of multiple sclerosis', The FASEB Journal, vol. 39, no. 4.
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AbstractThe helminth defense molecules (HDM) are a family of immune regulatory peptides exclusively expressed by trematode worms. We have previously demonstrated that in vivo FhHDM‐1, the archetypal member of the HDMs, regulated macrophage responses to inflammatory ligands, thereby ameliorating the progression of immune‐mediated tissue damage in several murine models of inflammatory disease. Accordingly, we postulated that an understanding of the structure–function relationship of the HDMs would facilitate the identification of the minimal bioactive peptide, which would represent a more synthesizable, cost‐effective, potent biotherapeutic. Thus, using a combination of bioinformatics, structural analyses, and cellular assays we discovered a 40 amino acid peptide derivative termed FhHDM‐1.C2. This peptide contains a 12 amino acid motif at its N‐terminus, which facilitates cellular interaction and uptake, and an amphipathic α‐helix within the C‐terminus, which is necessary for lysosomal vATPase inhibitory activity, with both regions linked by a short unstructured segment. The FhHDM‐1.C2 peptide exhibits enhanced regulation of macrophage function, compared with the full‐length FhHDM‐1, and potent prevention of the progression of relapsing–remitting‐experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) when administered prophylactically or therapeutically. The protective effect of FhHDM‐1.C2 is not associated with global immune suppression, which places the HDMs peptides as an improved class of biotherapeutics for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Comparing the HDMs from several zoonotic trematodes revealed a similar capacity for immune regulation. These important new advances into the structure–function relationship of the lead HDM peptide, FhHDM‐1, encourage further prospecting and screening of the broader trematode family of peptides for the discovery of novel and potent immune‐biotherapeutics.
Larkum, AWD, Falkowski, PG, Edwards, D, Osmond, CB, Lambers, H, Sanchez-Baracaldo, P, Ritchie, RJ, Runcie, JW, Ralph, PJ, Westoby, M, Maberly, S, Griffiths, H, Smith, FA & Beardall, J 2025, 'John Raven, FRS, FRSE: a truly great innovator in plant physiology, photosynthesis and much more', Photosynthesis Research, vol. 163, no. 2.
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Abstract This is a tribute to a truly inspirational plant biologist, Prof. John A. Raven, FRS, FRSE (25th June 1941– 23rd May 2024), who died at the age of 82. He was a leader in the field of evolution and physiology of algae and land plants. His research touched on many areas including photosynthesis, ion transport, carbon utilisation, mineral use, such as silicon, iron and molybdenum, the evolution of phytoplankton, the evolution of root systems, the impact of global change, especially on the acidification of the oceans, carbon gain and water use in early land plants, and ways of detecting extraterrestrial photosynthesis. Beginning his research career in the Botany School, University of Cambridge, John studied ion uptake in a giant algal cell. This was at the time of great strides brought about by Peter Mitchell (1920–1992) in elucidating the role of energy generation in mitochondria and chloroplasts and the coupling of ion transport systems to energy generation. With Enid MacRobbie and Andrew Smith, John pioneered early work on the involvement of ion transport in the growth and metabolism of plant cells.On leaving Cambridge John took up a lectureship at the University of Dundee in 1971, where he was still attached upon his death. His primary focus over the years, with one of us (Paul Falkowski), was on phytoplankton, the photosynthetic microalgae of the oceans. Still, his publication list of 5 books and over 600 scientific papers spans a very broad range. The many highly cited papers (see Table 1) attest to an outstanding innovator, who influenced a multitude of students and coworkers and a very wide readership worldwide. At the personal level, John Raven was a wonderful human being; he had an extraordinary memory, dredging up facts and little-known scientific papers, like a scientific magician, but at the same time making humorous jokes and involving his colleagues in fun and sympathetic appreciation.
Larsson, ME, Hallegraeff, G, Doblin, MA & Tillmann, U 2025, 'Prorocentrum insidiosum sp. nov. (Prorocentrales, Dinophyceae): Morphological and Phylogenetic Characterization of a Mucosphere Producing Dinoflagellate From the “cordatum Group”', Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, vol. 72, no. 4.
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ABSTRACTProrocentrum cf. balticum was the provisional designation assigned to strains of a small, pelagic, mixoplanktonic dinoflagellate found to produce carbon‐rich mucilage‐based prey capture devices, termed “mucospheres.” Here we characterize the morphology and phylogeny of the strains, describe them as Prorocentrum insidiosum sp. nov., and discuss common morphological features among the six species of the phylogenetically defined P. cordatum group. Cells of P. insidiosum sp. nov. were round to slightly ovate in lateral view, 12–16 μm long and 8–15 μm deep, and laterally compressed. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the thecal plates were densely ornamented with short spines and there were two size classes of pores irregularly distributed across both plates, and a row of two to four large round pores in apical‐ventral position on the right thecal plate. The periflagellar area consisted of eight platelets, and there were two prominent wing‐like apical projections in the form of a double layered curved structure on platelet 1 with additional projections on most other platelets except platelet 4. Prorocentrum insidiosum sp. nov. is distinct from all genetically represented species within the genus and possesses a unique combination of morphological features differentiating it from other protologues of small Prorocentrum species.
Lau, V, Roux, C & Spindler, X 2025, 'The persistence of fibres following a choreographed assault: A quantitative assessment of the influence of physical activity', Science & Justice, vol. 65, no. 2, pp. 103-118.
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Le Bas, A, Clarke, BR, Teelucksingh, T, Lee, M, El Omari, K, Giltrap, AM, McMahon, SA, Liu, H, Beale, JH, Mykhaylyk, V, Duman, R, Paterson, NG, Ward, PN, Harrison, PJ, Weckener, M, Pardon, E, Steyaert, J, Liu, H, Quigley, A, Davis, BG, Wagner, A, Whitfield, C & Naismith, JH 2025, 'Structure of WzxE the lipid III flippase for Enterobacterial Common Antigen polysaccharide', Open Biology, vol. 15, no. 1.
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The enterobacterial common antigen (ECA) is conserved in Gram-negative bacteria of the Enterobacterales order although its function is debated. ECA biogenesis depends on the Wzx/Wzy-dependent strategy whereby the newly synthesized lipid-linked repeat units, lipid III, are transferred across the inner membrane by the lipid III flippase WzxE. WzxE is part of the Wzx family and required in many glycan assembly systems, but an understanding of its molecular mechanism is hindered due to a lack of structural evidence. Here, we present the first X-ray structures of WzxE from Escherichia coli in complex with nanobodies. Both inward- and outward-facing conformations highlight two pairs of arginine residues that move in a reciprocal fashion, enabling flipping. One of the arginine pairs coordinated to a glutamate residue is essential for activity along with the C-terminal arginine rich tail located close to the entrance of the lumen. This work helps understand the translocation mechanism of the Wzx flippase family.
Le, MS, Hermansen, C & Vuong, QV 2025, 'Oat Milk By-Product: A Review of Nutrition, Processing and Applications of Oat Pulp', Food Reviews International, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 1538-1575.
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Le, MS, Hermansen, C & Vuong, QV 2025, 'The Impact of Hot Air Drying and Vacuum Drying on Oat Pulp Quality', Food and Bioprocess Technology, vol. 18, no. 7, pp. 6726-6742.
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Abstract Oat pulp, a by-product of oat milk production, is highly nutritious but prone to spoilage due to its high moisture content (over 60%), suggesting effective drying for preservation and further utilisation. This study investigated the thin-layer drying kinetics of oat pulp using hot air drying (HAD) and vacuum drying (VD) at different temperatures (70 °C, 90 °C, 110 °C) and thicknesses (0.5 cm, 0.75 cm, 1 cm). Drying performance was evaluated based on drying rate, water activity, phenolic retention, antioxidant activity and energy consumption. Results indicated that higher temperatures and thinner layers increased drying rates and reduced drying times. Effective moisture diffusivity ranged from 5.49 × 10–10 ± 2.64 × 10–11 to 8.93 × 10–9 ± 1.06 × 10–10 m2/s, with HAD exhibiting higher values than VD. Activation energy varied between 10.25 ± 1.67 and 23.76 ± 3.39 kJ/mol. The Henderson and Pabis model best describes oat pulp drying behaviours across tested conditions. Both HAD and VD at 90 °C and 110 °C reduced energy consumption, lowered water activity, and preserved more bioactive compounds compared to 70 °C. HAD was more energy efficient than VD while maintaining higher phenolic content and antioxidant properties. HAD at 110 °C for 2.5 h with a 1 cm thickness provided a balance of energy consumption, batch capacity, and bioactive retention. The dried oat pulp had 60% less weight and water activity of 0.33, ensuring microbiological stability and facilitating easier transport and storage. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing oat pulp drying for further applications. Graphical Abstract
Le, TH, Nguyen, HAD, Ha, QP, Ahmed, M, Barthelemy, X, Jiang, N, Duc, H, Azzi, M & Riley, M 2025, 'Dependable Dempster-Shafer Inference Framework for Urban Air Quality Monitoring', IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 25, no. 14, pp. 27662-27672.
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Le, TH, Nguyen, HAD, Ha, QP, Tran, MQ, Ahmed, M, Kong, J, Barthelemy, X, Duc, H, Jiang, N, Azzi, M & Riley, M 2025, 'Dempster-Shafer ensemble learning framework for air pollution nowcasting', E3S Web of Conferences, vol. 626, pp. 01003-01003.
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Deep-learning has emerged as a powerful approach to significantly improve forecast accuracy for air quality estimation. Several models have been developed, demonstrating their own merits in some scenarios and for certain pollutants. In nowcasting, the prediction of air pollution over a small time period essentially demands accurate and reliable estimates, especially in the event cases. From these, selecting the most suitable model to achieve the required forecast performance remains challenging. This paper presents an ensemble framework based on the Dempster-Shafer theory for data fusion to identify the most accurate and reliable forecasts of air pollution obtained from multiple deep neural network models. Our framework is evaluated against three popular machine learning methods, namely, LightGBM, Random Forest, and XGBoost. Experiments are conducted on two horizons: 6-hour and 12-hour predictions using real-world air quality data collected from state-run monitoring stations and low-cost wireless sensor networks.
Li, J, Catal, O, Marques, I, McNaughton, DA, Maklad, RM, Ryder, WG, Hill, MJS, Seddon, A, Lewis, W, Adams, DJ, Félix, V, Wu, X & Gale, PA 2025, 'Trapping Anions within Stacks of Tetra-Urea Macrocycles', Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 147, no. 4, pp. 3392-3401.
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Li, T, Datson, Z, Birvé, AP, Ciampi, S, Fallon, T, Kosov, DS, Reimers, JR & Darwish, N 2025, 'Toward Piezoresistive Devices That Exploit Bullvalene’s Structural Versatility', Langmuir, vol. 41, no. 8, pp. 5410-5418.
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Li, Y, Cherepanoff, S, Conway, RM, Hesson, LB, Long, G, Garg, N & Fung, AT 2025, 'Choroidal melanoma in a patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1', Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. e173-e176.
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Li, Y, Hu, D, Kong, M, Gu, Y, Zhou, Z, Shi, M, Zhang, G & Feng, W 2025, 'A NIR-to-NIR non-emissive rare-earth nanoprobe that specifically lights-up inflammatory condition in vivo', Journal of Rare Earths, vol. 43, no. 9, pp. 1827-1834.
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Lieff, N, Metzen, D, Ewenz, C, Isaac, P, McHugh, I & Griebel, A 2025, 'Assessing the optimal drivers for flux data gap-filling using random forest networks'.
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The Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (TERN) OzFlux group operates a network of eddy covariance stations that collect long-term atmospheric and soil measurements for monitoring and understanding changes in climate and the environment. Ideally, all data collected would be gap-free, however, all real data has gaps where instruments have not recorded measurements or data has been discarded due to low turbulence. To allow this data to be used as a continuous time-series in further analysis, the missing data is gap-filled using PyFluxPro. The standard community approach uses a predefined set of variables (drivers) for gap-filling, which are the same variables for all stations irrespective of location. However, the stations are located in a large range of climate zones, hence the standard gap-filling drivers might not be ideal for all sites. This is because the drivers were chosen for a small set of initial sites and might not be representative for a heating and drying climate.To identify which drivers were best suited for each station, we developed a random forest model to objectively assess the relative importance of input variables used to gap-fill ustar, carbon, and energy fluxes. We trained this model on the published TERN OzFlux data for all available Australian sites using a large range of input variables. This model then determined the relative importance of variables, mean absolute errors, and R2 for the accuracy of the model prediction for a target variable at each site. Next, we grouped the variables into atmospheric, energy, turbulence and soil categories of drivers, which highlighted a distinct variation in the contribution of each category of driver across sites. To assess the ecological significance of these trends, the model importances were sorted by the aridity index and grouped by the Köppen-Geiger classification of each site. There is a notable shift in the importance of energy, turbulence, and soil groups with decrea...
Lim, ECN & Lim, CED 2025, 'The Diagnostic Odyssey of Dissociative Identity Disorder: A Case Report of Prolonged Misrecognition', Cureus.
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Lim, ECN & Lim, CED 2025, 'The Phantom Platelet Problem: Unmasking Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA)-Induced Pseudo-Thrombocytopenia', Cureus.
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Lim, ECN, Cheng, NCL & Lim, CED 2025, 'Beyond Infection: A Case of Doxycycline-Induced Mania and Prolonged Neuropsychiatric Disturbance', Cureus.
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Lim, ECN, Cheng, NCL & Lim, CED 2025, 'Rewiring Young Minds: Investigating the Cognitive Effects of Video Games on Learning and Their Potential as Digital Therapeutics for Mental Well-Being', Cureus.
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Lim, ECN, Yu, WTS & Lim, CED 2025, 'Integrative gut health: How fermented foods bridge ancient eastern wisdom and modern microbiome science', Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences.
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Lim, G, Bastian, A, Fung, S, Mollah, F, Nguyen, MH, Sey, AA, Cheade, M, Harvie, R, Singh, NR, Kurdyukov, S, Dickson, K-A, Choi, E, Seery, AC, Gild, ML, Marsh, DJ, Pickett, HA, Reddel, RR, Bullock, M & Clifton-Bligh, RJ 2025, 'AURKB and PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathways Converge to Regulate TERT Expression', iScience, pp. 113194-113194.
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Lim, Y, Kim, RM, Han, JH, Aharonovich, I, Nam, KT & Kim, S 2025, 'Strong Chiral Response of Chiral Plasmonic Nanoparticles to Photonic Orbital Angular Momentum', Advanced Optical Materials, vol. 13, no. 5.
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AbstractChiral plasmonic nanomaterials have been widely utilized to study light‐matter interactions due to its capability to amplify chiroptic signals. Conventionally, chiro‐optic experiments have demonstrated interactions between circularly polarized light and materials. However, employing light with chiral phase, i.e., optical vortex, can generate a strong chiral response and holds the potential to unveil extensive material information owing to the infinite topological numbers. In this work, an array of 3D chiral nanoparticles is employed to demonstrate large helical dichroism (HD). Chiral gold nanoparticle arrays are illuminated by vortex beams of opposite helicity, which revealed the high HD value of 0.93. The chiral interaction is theoretically investigated, and enantioselective interaction can be explained by multipole analysis. It is determined that the strong HD is attributed to the interaction of higher‐order multipole moments such as electric quadrupole and magnetic quadrupole moments. This study provides deeper insight into understanding of the interaction between optical vortex and chiral plasmonic nanostructures and paves the way for next‐generation chiroptical applications ranging from ultrasensitive chiral spectroscopy to chiral quantum optics.
Lin, C-H, Tang, P-W & Huete, AR 2025, 'Quantum Feature-Empowered Deep Classification for Fast Mangrove Mapping', IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol. 63, pp. 1-13.
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Lin, X, Zhang, Y, Li, J, Oliver, BG, Wang, B, Li, H, Yong, K-T & Li, JJ 2025, 'Biomimetic multizonal scaffolds for the reconstruction of zonal articular cartilage in chondral and osteochondral defects', Bioactive Materials, vol. 43, pp. 510-549.
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Lin, X, Zhao, H, Zhang, S, He, Q, Huete, A, Yang, L, Zhang, X, Zhang, X, Zhang, Q & Cai, S 2025, 'Grassland irrigation and grazing prohibition have significantly affected vegetation and microbial diversity by changing soil temperature and moisture, evidences from a 6 years experiment of typical temperate grassland', Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol. 380, pp. 109414-109414.
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Liu, C, Ye, C, Wang, J, Yang, T, Ni, A, Zhang, T, Mao, K, Chen, L, Wang, S, Sun, J, Zhang, W, Wang, X, Che, J, Xiong, P, Wang, G & Zhu, J 2025, 'Molecular-Scale Asymmetry Nanochannels for High-Efficiency Osmotic Energy Generation', Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 147, no. 32, pp. 29179-29191.
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Liu, G, Hsu, AC, Geirnaert, S, Cong, C, Nair, PM, Shen, S, Marshall, JE, Haw, TJ, Fricker, M, Philp, AM, Hansbro, NG, Pavlidis, S, Guo, Y, Burgess, JK, Castellano, L, Ieni, A, Caramori, G, Oliver, BGG, Chung, KF, Adcock, IM, Knight, DA, Polverino, F, Bracke, K, Wark, PA & Hansbro, PM 2025, 'Vitronectin regulates lung tissue remodeling and emphysema in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', Molecular Therapy, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 917-932.
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Liu, M, Song, A, Zhang, X, Wang, J, Fan, Y, Wang, G, Tian, H, Ma, Z & Shao, G 2025, 'Interfacial lithium-ion transportation in solid-state batteries: Challenges and prospects', Nano Energy, vol. 136, pp. 110749-110749.
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Liu, X, Shu, Y, Zhu, J, Fang, H, Su, Y, Ma, H, Li, B, Xu, J, Cheng, YY, Pan, B & Song, K 2025, 'A 3D bioprinted potential colorectal tumor model based on decellularized matrix/gelatin methacryloyl/nanoclay/sodium alginate hydrogel', International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, vol. 293, pp. 139346-139346.
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Liu, Y, Huang, Y, Luo, Y, Luo, Y, Jiang, L, Gallego-Ortega, D, Cheng, YY, Gale, PA & Bao, G 2025, 'Lanthanide-doped nanoprobes for microRNA detection', Coordination Chemistry Reviews, vol. 536, pp. 216644-216644.
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Liu, Y, Luo, G, Zhao, F, Gao, J, Shao, X, Li, K, Jin, D, Zhong, J-H & He, H 2025, 'Multiplexing and Sensing with Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy Empowered by Phasor U-Net', Analytical Chemistry, vol. 97, no. 21, pp. 11360-11369.
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Lockwood, TE, Bordin, DCM, Westerhausen, MT & Bishop, DP 2025, 'Preparation of gelatine calibration standards for LA-ICP-MS bioimaging with 266 nm laser ablation systems', Talanta, vol. 283, pp. 127150-127150.
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Lu, J, Chen, Y, Lei, Y, Jaumaux, P, Tian, H & Wang, G 2025, 'Quasi-Solid Gel Electrolytes for Alkali Metal Battery Applications', Nano-Micro Letters, vol. 17, no. 1.
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Abstract Alkali metal batteries (AMBs) have undergone substantial development in portable devices due to their high energy density and durable cycle performance. However, with the rising demand for smart wearable electronic devices, a growing focus on safety and durability becomes increasingly apparent. An effective strategy to address these increased requirements involves employing the quasi-solid gel electrolytes (QSGEs). This review focuses on the application of QSGEs in AMBs, emphasizing four types of gel electrolytes and their influence on battery performance and stability. First, self-healing gels are discussed to prolong battery life and enhance safety through self-repair mechanisms. Then, flexible gels are explored for their mechanical flexibility, making them suitable for wearable devices and flexible electronics. In addition, biomimetic gels inspired by natural designs are introduced for high-performance AMBs. Furthermore, biomass materials gels are presented, derived from natural biomaterials, offering environmental friendliness and biocompatibility. Finally, the perspectives and challenges for future developments are discussed in terms of enhancing the ionic conductivity, mechanical strength, and environmental stability of novel gel materials. The review underscores the significant contributions of these QSGEs in enhancing AMBs performance, including increased lifespan, safety, and adaptability, providing new insights and directions for future research and applications in the field.
Luo, Y, Luo, Y, Liu, Y, Huang, Y, Yu, P, Ma, H, Li, X, Zhang, Z, Zhang, C, Chen, C, Gale, PA & Bao, G 2025, 'A hybrid strategy to enhance small-sized upconversion nanocrystals', Biosensors and Bioelectronics, vol. 271, pp. 117003-117003.
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Luong, HA, Rohlfs, A-M, Facey, JA, Colville, A, Davie, AW, Pera, JB & Mitrovic, SM 2025, 'Influence of macronutrient and iron enrichment on phytoplankton productivity and community dynamics: an in situ microcosm study in a drinking water supply reservoir', Inland Waters, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 1-30.
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Lust, B, Matthews, JL, Oakley, CA, Lewis, RE, Mendis, H, Peng, L, Grossman, AR, Weis, VM & Davy, SK 2025, 'The Influence of Symbiont Identity on the Proteomic and Metabolomic Responses of the Model Cnidarian Aiptasia to Thermal Stress', Environmental Microbiology, vol. 27, no. 3.
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ABSTRACTWe examined the effects of symbiont identity and heat stress on the host metabolome and proteome in the cnidarian–dinoflagellate symbiosis. Exaiptasia diaphana (‘Aiptasia’) was inoculated with its homologous (i.e., native) symbiont Breviolum minutum or a heterologous (i.e., non‐native) symbiont (Symbiodinium microadriaticum; Durusdinium trenchii) and thermally stressed. Integrated metabolome and proteome analyses characterised host thermal responses between symbioses, with clear evidence of enhanced nutritional deprivation and cellular stress in hosts harbouring heterologous symbionts following temperature stress. Host metabolomes were partially distinct at the control temperature; however, thermal stress caused metabolomes of anemones containing the two heterologous symbionts to become more alike and more distinct from those containing B. minutum. While these patterns could be partly explained by innate symbiont‐specific differences, they may also reflect differences in symbiont density, as under control conditions D. trenchii attained 60% and S. microadriaticum 15% of the density attained by B. minutum, and at elevated temperature only D. trenchii–colonised anemones bleached (60% loss). Our findings add to a growing literature that highlights the physiological limits of partner switching as a means of adaptation to global warming. However, we also provide tentative evidence for improved metabolic functioning with a heterologous s...
Lyu, L, Fleck, R, Matheson, S, King, WL, Bauerle, TL, Torpy, FR & Irga, PJ 2025, 'Phytoremediation of indoor air: Mechanisms of pollutant translocation and biodegradation', Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 55, no. 10, pp. 676-707.
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Ma, C, Tang, X, Ben, H, Jiang, W, Shao, X, Wang, G & Sun, B 2025, 'Promoting Reaction Kinetics and Boosting Sodium Storage Capability via Constructing Stable Heterostructures for Sodium‐Ion Batteries', Advanced Functional Materials, vol. 35, no. 2.
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AbstractConstructing heterostructures containing multiple active components is proven to be an efficient strategy for enhancing the sodium storage capability of anode materials in sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). However, performance enhancement is often attributed to the unclear synergistic effects among the active components. A comprehensive understanding of the reaction mechanisms on the interfaces at the atomic level remains elusive. Herein, the carbon‐coated Fe3Se4/CoSe (Fe3Se4/CoSe‐C) anode material as a model featuring atomic‐scale contact interfaces is synthesized. This unique heterogeneous architecture offers an adjustable electronic structure, which facilitates rapid reaction kinetics and enhances structural integrity. In situ microscopic and ex situ spectral characterization techniques, along with theoretical simulations, confirm that the heterointerface with strong electric fields promotes Na+ ion migration. Based on solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, an interface charge storage mechanism is revealed, resulting in the enhanced specific capacity of the anode materials. When employed as an anode in SIBs, the Fe3Se4/CoSe‐C electrode demonstrates excellent rate capabilities (218 mAh g−1 at 7 A g−1) and prolonged cycling stability (258 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 after 1000 cycles). This work highlights the significance of heterointerface engineering in electrode material design for rechargeable batteries.
Ma, W, Cui, X, Chen, Y, Wan, S, Zhao, S, Gong, J, Wang, G & Chen, S 2025, 'Designing a Refined Multi‐Structural Polymer Electrolyte Framework for Highly Stable Lithium‐Metal Batteries', Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol. 64, no. 3.
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AbstractRational structural designs of solid polymer electrolytes featuring rich interface‐phase morphologies can improve electrolyte connection and rapid ion transport. However, these rigid interfacial structures commonly result in diminished or entirely inert ionic conductivity within their bulk phase, compromising overall electrolyte performance. Herein, a multi‐component ion‐conductive electrolyte was successfully designed based on a refined multi‐structural polymer electrolyte (RMSPE) framework with uniform Li+ solvation chemistry and rapid Li+ transporting kinetics. The RMSPE framework is constructed via polymerization‐induced phase separation based on a rational combination of lithiophilic components and rigid/flexible chain units with significant hydrophobic/hydrophilic contrasts. Further refined by coating a robust polymer network, this all‐organic design endows a homogeneous micro‐nano porous structure, providing a novel framework favorable for rapid ion transport in both its soft interfacial and bulk phases. The RMSPE exhibited excellent ion conductivity of 1.91 mS cm−1 at room temperature and a high Li+ transference number of 0.7. Assembled symmetrical Li cells realized stable cycling for over 2400 h at 3.0 mA cm−2. LiFePO4 full batteries demonstrated a long lifespan of 3300 cycles with a capacity retention of 93.5 % and stable cycling performance at −35 °C. This innovative design concept offers a promising perspective for achieving high‐performance polymer‐based Li metal batteries.
Maestrini, L, Aykroyd, RG & Wand, MP 2025, 'A variational inference framework for inverse problems', Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, vol. 202, pp. 108055-108055.
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Maghini, DG, Kiguchi, Y, Darling, AE, Monahan, LG, Halpern, AL, Burke, CM, Jaeger, E, Statham, A, Truong, T, Ying, K, Bruinsma, SP, Schroth, GP & Bhatt, AS 2025, 'Illumina complete long read assay yields contiguous bacterial genomes from human gut metagenomes', mSystems, vol. 10, no. 8.
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ABSTRACT Metagenomics enables direct investigation of the gene content and potential functions of gut bacteria without isolation and culture. However, metagenome-assembled genomes are often incomplete and have low contiguity due to challenges in assembling repeated genomic elements. Long-read sequencing approaches have successfully yielded circular bacterial genomes directly from metagenomes, but these approaches require high DNA input and can have high error rates. Illumina has recently launched the Illumina Complete Long Read (ICLR) assay, a new approach for generating kilobase-scale reads with low DNA input requirements and high accuracy. Here, we evaluate the performance of ICLR sequencing for gut metagenomics for the first time. We sequenced a microbial mock community and 10 human gut microbiome samples with standard, shotgun 2 × 150 paired-end sequencing, ICLR sequencing, and nanopore long-read sequencing and compared performance in read lengths, assembly contiguity, and bin quality. We find that ICLR human metagenomic assemblies have higher N50 (119.5 ± 24.8 kilobases) than short read assemblies (9.9 ± 4.5 kilobases; P = 0.002), and comparable N50 to nanopore assemblies (91.0 ± 43.8 kilobases; P = 0.32). Additionally, we find that ICLR draft microbial genomes are more complete (94.0% ± 20.6%) than nanopore draft genomes (85.9% ± 23.0%; P ≤ 0.001), and that nanopore draft genomes have truncated gene lengths (924.6 ± 114.7 base pairs) relative to ICLR genomes (954.6 ± 71.5 base pairs; P ≤ 0.001). Overall...
Mahajan, J, Padula, MP, Marks, DC & Johnson, L 2025, 'Clot formation and resolution properties of platelets during cold storage for 21 days', Transfusion, vol. 65, no. 7, pp. 1307-1318.
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AbstractBackgroundCold storage (2–6°C) preserves the aggregatory and clot formation properties of platelets beyond the standard 7‐day shelf life. Comparatively little is known about the effect of cold storage on clot resolution functions, which are necessary to ensure normal hemostatic balance is maintained.Study Design and MethodsDouble‐dose apheresis platelets (n = 8) were collected using the Trima apheresis platform (40% plasma/60% PAS‐E). Platelets were sampled on Day 1 post‐collection and allocated to room temperature (RT; 20–24°C) or cold storage (2–6°C). In vitro testing was performed over a 21‐day period.ResultsThe coagulation profile of cold‐stored platelets was better maintained throughout storage compared to RT platelets. Cold‐stored platelets showed increased thrombin generation potential (faster lag time, higher peak, and increased ETP) compared to RT platelets throughout storage. By viscoelastic testing, the IN‐test and EX‐test clotting times (CT) were maintained over cold storage for 21 days, while the clot strength (MCF) decreased by approximately 15%. The lysis time (LT) was unchanged during cold storage. Macroscopically, less clot retraction and a higher percentage of internal lysis were observed in cold‐stored platelets; however, susceptibility to external lysis was not affected.ConclusionHemostasis requires a delicate balance between clot formation and resolution, and we have shown that the key functional properties of cold platelets stored in PAS‐E are well‐regulated during extended storage for 21 days.
Maklad, RM, Marae, IS, Ibrahim, OF, Mohamed, SK, Bakhite, EA & Sharmoukh, W 2025, 'Rise of Ketone α-Hydrolysis: Revisiting SNAcyl, E1cB Mechanisms and Carbon-Based Leaving Groups in One Reaction for Drug-Targeting Applications', The Journal of Organic Chemistry, vol. 90, no. 23, pp. 7596-7612.
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Mao, K, Liu, C, Ni, A, Wang, J, Sun, J, Wang, G, Xiong, P & Zhu, J 2025, 'Optimization of ion transport in two-dimensional nanofluidic membranes for osmotic energy conversion', Materials Today, vol. 82, pp. 274-288.
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Mao, L, Toftul, I, Balendhran, S, Taha, M, Kivshar, Y & Kruk, S 2025, 'Switchable Optical Trapping of Mie‐Resonant Phase‐Change Nanoparticles', Laser & Photonics Reviews, vol. 19, no. 3.
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AbstractOptical tweezers revolutionized the manipulation of nanoscale objects. Typically, tunable manipulations of optical tweezers rely on adjusting either the trapping laser beams or the optical environment surrounding the nanoparticles. Here, tunable and switchable trapping using nanoparticles made of a phase‐change material (vanadium dioxide or VO2) are achieved. By varying the intensity of the trapping beam, transitions of the VO2 between monoclinic and rutile phases are induced. Depending on the nanoparticles' sizes, they exhibit one of three behaviors: small nanoparticles (in the settings, radius wavelength ) remain always attracted by the laser beam in both material phases, large nanoparticles () remain always repelled. However, within the size range of , the phase transition of the VO2 switches optical forces between attractive and repulsive, thereby pulling/pushing them toward/away from the beam center. The effect is reversible, allowing the same particle to be attracted and repelled repeatedly. The phenomenon is governed by optical Mie modes of the nanoparticles and their alterations during the phase transition of the VO2. This work provides an alternative solution for dynamic optical tweezers and paves a way to new possibilities, including optical sorting, light‐driven optomechanics and single‐molecule biophysics.
Maroon, M, Clover Ree, L & Chadwick, S 2025, 'Investigation of iron oxide powders for use in powder suspension formulations in fingermark development', Forensic Science International, vol. 370, pp. 112468-112468.
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Marsh, DJ, Mulligan, LM, Ngeow, J, Ringel, MD & Stratakis, CA 2025, 'In memoriam: Charis Eng MD PhD (1962–2024)', Endocrine-Related Cancer, vol. 32, no. 1.
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Matthew Ringel On behalf of the entire editorial team of Endocrine-Related Cancer, and personally as trainees and collaborators who at present serve as associate or senior editors of the Journal, it is with profound sadness that we write this memorial to Prof. Charis Eng, M.D., Ph.D who passed away on August 13, 2024. Prof. Eng served as Editor-in-Chief of Endocrine-Related Cancer from 2011-2021 and was dedicated to the Journal before, during, and after she served in that role. She had remarkable impact on Endocrine-Related Cancer moving the journal forward with great vision and energy while maintaining the strongest commitments to publishing the highest quality original research and reviews applying fair, ethical, and rigorous peer-review processes. Charis was a world-recognized leader in cancer genomics and clinical genetics medicine who enabled growth in Endocrine-Related Cancer in these and other areas critical for advancement of research and clinical care of endocrine cancers. She will be remembered by all of us as a superb and consequential researcher, editor, physician, leader, teacher, mentor, colleague, and friend.
Matar, F, Salih, AK, Sandana, VE, Teherani, FH, Phillips, MR, Rogers, DJ & Ton-That, C 2025, 'Structural and Electronic Properties of β-(AlxGa1–x)2O3 Active Layers for Space-Qualified Solar-Blind Photodetectors', ACS Applied Electronic Materials, vol. 7, no. 14, pp. 6469-6475.
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Matheson, S, Fleck, R, Pettit, T, Irga, PJ & Torpy, FR 2025, 'Active botanical biofilters for nitrogen dioxide and ozone removal using granular activated carbon', International Journal of Phytoremediation, vol. 27, no. 11, pp. 1589-1601.
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Mathew, A, Aschwanden, R, Tripathi, A, Jangid, P, Sain, B, Zentgraf, T & Kruk, S 2025, 'Nonreciprocal Metasurfaces with Epsilon-Near-Zero Materials', Nano Letters, vol. 25, no. 8, pp. 3259-3264.
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McAllister, TG, Walker, LA, Smiles, ND, Jennings, L, Moggridge, B, Naepi, S, Kamai, B & Milligan-McClellan, K 2025, 'Decolonize scientific institutions, don’t just diversify them', Nature, vol. 644, no. 8076, pp. 331-334.
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McAuliffe, J, Lalor, R, Donnelly, S, Cwiklinski, K & Dalton, JP 2025, 'Pleiotropic effects of fasciola hepatica secreted peroxiredoxin', Free Radical Biology and Medicine, vol. 233, pp. S33-S33.
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McKnight, DJE, Wong-Bajracharya, J, Okoh, EB, Snijders, F, Lidbetter, F, Webster, J, Haughton, M, Djordjevic, SP, Bogema, DR & Chapman, TA 2025, 'Xanthomonas bundabergensis sp. nov., Xanthomonas medicagonis sp. nov. and Xanthomonas tesorieronis sp. nov.: three members of group 1 Xanthomonas', International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, vol. 75, no. 3.
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Between 1976 and 2010, four bacterial isolates were collected in New South Wales and Queensland, Australia, and stored as part of routine biosecurity surveillance. Recently, these historic isolates were analysed as part of a larger project to enhance the taxonomic accuracy of our culture collection and improve Australia’s biosecurity preparedness. Three isolates were collected from Fragaria × ananassa, initially identified as Xanthomonas sp., and one from Medicago sativa, identified as Xanthomonas axonopodis subsp. alfalfae. In this study, we employed modern phenotypic and genomic techniques to further characterize these isolates. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight MS biotyping and Biolog GEN III MicroPlates confirmed that they are members of the Xanthomonas genus but did not allow for species-level classification. Genome-relatedness indices and phylogenetic analysis confirmed that they were Xanthomonas and revealed that they represent three novel species. The maximum average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values observed when comparing the four isolates to all Xanthomonas type strains and each other were 93.9% and 50.7%, respectively. Pathogenesis assays confirmed that two of the isolates are not pathogenic to Fragaria, the plant from which they were isolated. Based on these findings, we propose the names Xanthomonas bundabergensis sp. nov. (DAR 80977T=ICMP 24943), Xanthomonas medicagonis sp. nov. (DAR 35659T=ICMP 24942) and Xanthomonas tesorieronis sp. nov. (DAR 34887T=ICMP 24940).
McNevin, D, Watson, J, Grisedale, K, Dahal, A, Goodwin, C & Ward, J 2025, 'Comparison of commercial targeted amplicon sequencing assays for human remains identification casework', International Journal of Legal Medicine, vol. 139, no. 1, pp. 49-60.
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Abstract Targeted amplicon sequencing (TAS) facilitates the genotyping of forensically informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using massively parallel sequencing (MPS). For human remains identification, where any extracted DNA is likely to be degraded, TAS may succeed when short tandem repeat (STR) profiling using capillary electrophoresis fails. Further, as well as yielding identity information, SNPs can provide information about ancestry, phenotype, kinship and paternal lineage (Y chromosome haplotypes). Two TAS platforms were compared in this study: Ion AmpliSeq™ panels coupled with Ion Torrent sequencing on an Ion GeneStudio™ S5 Plus System, manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific, and the ForenSeq® Kintelligence Kit coupled with Illumina sequencing on the MiSeq FGx® Sequencing System, manufactured by QIAGEN. Four Ion AmpliSeq™ panels (Precision ID Identity, Precision ID Ancestry, DNA Phenotyping and HID Y-SNP) share 177 SNPs with the ForenSeq® Kintelligence Kit and all five were used to profile the DNA extracted from the petrous part of the temporal bone from six skeletonised cadavers. Of the 6 × 177 = 1,062 SNP genotype comparisons, 1,055 (99%) were concordant between the Ion AmpliSeq™ panels and Kintelligence Kit. Of the seven (< 1%) non-concordant SNPs, only three of them (0.3%) would have resulted in erroneous genotypes being reported as a result of allele dropout by either assay, using our optimised relative variant frequency windows for allele calling. We conclude that both the Ion AmpliSeq™ panels and the ForenSeq® Kintelligence Kit were suitable for TAS applied to the human remains in this study.
Menictas, M, Oates, CJ & Wand, MP 2025, 'Online semiparametric regression via sequential Monte Carlo', Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics, vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 224-249.
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SummaryWe develop and describe online algorithms for performing online semiparametric regression analyses. Earlier work on this topic is by Luts, Broderick and Wand (2014), Journal of Computational and Graphical Statististics, 23, 589–615, where online mean‐field variational Bayes (MFVB) was employed. In this article we instead develop sequential Monte Carlo approaches to circumvent well‐known inaccuracies inherent in variational approaches. For Gaussian response semiparametric regression models, our new algorithms share the online MFVB property of only requiring updating and storage of sufficient statistics quantities of streaming data. In the non‐Gaussian case, accurate online semiparametric regression requires the full data to be kept in storage. The new algorithms allow for new options concerning accuracy–speed trade‐offs for online semiparametric regression.
Michie, LE, Harrisson, KA, Rourke, ML, Crook, DA, Stuart, I, Ellis, I, Sharpe, CP, Butler, GL & Thiem, JD 2025, 'Dispersal and Kinship Patterns of a Pelagic‐Spawning Riverine Fish Highlight the Value of Connectivity Over Large Spatial Scales', Ecohydrology, vol. 18, no. 3.
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ABSTRACTManaging fish populations in regulated rivers requires an understanding of the spatial and temporal scale of their dispersal, the locations of key spawning and nursery habitats and the hydraulic processes that interplay with their life history. Golden perch (Macquaria ambigua), an Australian freshwater pelagic‐spawning fish, highlights the worldwide challenges of managing riverine species that rely on hydraulic conditions to sustain critical metapopulation processes. This study aimed to quantify the spatial scale of early life history golden perch dispersal after a drought‐breaking in‐channel flow event in early 2020 in a regulated lowland river. Otolith microchemistry (87Sr/86Sr) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) determined natal origins and sibling relationships, respectively, of young‐of‐year (YOY) caught in a floodplain nursery with larval fish captured upstream. For fish collected in the floodplain nursery, dispersal distances ranged to ~1600 km. Otolith microchemistry attributed 52% of YOY as localised in origin, 44% as originating in the midcatchment and 4% from the most upstream sample locations. Genetic analyses identified a full‐sibling pair captured 900 km apart and 31 half‐sibling pairs that linked YOY to larval fish captured at a diversity of upstream sites. Our study highlights the range of spatial scales over which ELH dispersal can occur for golden perch and emphasises the importance of interconnected flowing river habitats in sustaining metapopulation processes. We illustrate the positive results that increased riverine connectivity can yield for fish with similar life history strategies.
Mitchell, A, Hayes, C, Coni, EOC, Booth, DJ & Nagelkerken, I 2025, 'Tropical fishes can benefit more from novel than familiar species interactions at their cold‐range edges', Journal of Animal Ecology.
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AbstractAnimals extending their biogeographic ranges poleward under global warming often interact with local species for limited resources such as food and shelter. Whether such novel species interactions facilitate or inhibit range extensions remains largely unknown.We evaluated how range‐extending tropical and co‐shoaling temperate fishes modify their behaviours (aggression, foraging and anti‐predator) along a 2000‐km latitudinal gradient encapsulating tropical, subtropical and temperate reefs in a global ocean warming hotspot.All five tropical fish species showed increased anti‐predator behaviours and decreased bite rate at their novel temperate range compared to their native tropical and subtropical ranges. However, when shoaling with temperate fishes, three of five tropical fish species had higher bite rates and all five tropical fish species spent less time sheltering compared to tropical‐only shoals, irrespective of biogeographic region.In their subtropical ranges, tropical fish were more aggressive towards co‐shoaling temperate fish compared to their poleward novel cold ranges. This increased tropical fish aggression resulted in increased fleeing responses by the two temperate fishes at their subtropical warm trailing edges compared to their warm‐ and cold‐temperate core ranges.Our findings suggest that tropical fish species trade‐off foraging efficiency for anti‐predator behaviour in their novel warm‐ and cold‐temperate ranges, independent of shoaling interactions.However, shoaling with temperate species can increase the foraging efficiency of tropical fishes, which may be a mechanism (phenotypic plasticity) that enhanc...
Mogadem, A, Elwakil, BH, Aljohani, FS, Paudel, KR & El-Khatib, M 2025, 'Cost-effective synthesis of magnesium hydroxide and magnesium oxide by arc discharge method: Comparative studies for their biological activities', Ceramics International, vol. 51, no. 19, pp. 27803-27813.
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Mohamed, AA, Maklad, RM, Zeid, AM & Mostafa, IM 2025, 'Complexation-based spectrofluorimetric method for besifloxacin determination: Combined experimental and computational insights', Analytica Chimica Acta, vol. 1372, pp. 344446-344446.
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Moneer, EA, Akl, SH, Shahin, YH, Shahin, SH, Elwakil, BH, Eskandrani, A, Paudel, KR & Bakr, BA 2025, 'The antiparasitic effect of C-Phycocyanin nanoparticles on cryptosporidiosis in immunosuppressed mice', Journal of Parasitic Diseases, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 173-185.
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Moodley, C, Mallick, K, Muller, A & Williams, DBG 2025, 'Transition‐ and Lanthanide‐Metal‐Based Coordination Polymers Offer Efficient Methylene Blue Adsorption', ChemistrySelect, vol. 10, no. 4.
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AbstractThis study presents a novel approach toward wastewater remediation via the synthesis of a series of coordination polymers that combine benzene‐1,4‐dicarboxylic acid, benzene‐1,4‐dihydroxamic acid, and 5‐nitroisophthalic acid linkers with Cu, Cr, Ce, and La metal salts to target efficient methylene blue removal. Through a detailed characterization process using techniques like ¹H NMR, PXRD, FTIR, TGA, SEM‐EDX, ICP‐OES, and BET, the structural and surface properties of these CPs were optimized for stability and enhanced adsorption performance. Notably, the CPs exhibited rapid MB adsorption within 10 min and followed pseudo‐second‐order kinetics, indicating a chemisorption‐driven process. This work advances the field by demonstrating that increased pH significantly improves adsorption capacity and that the Sips model best describes the heterogeneous adsorptive behavior, highlighting a mixed Langmuir–Freundlich mechanism. Furthermore, stability and reusability studies revealed minimal metal leaching in the best‐performing CPs, addressing critical environmental concerns around long‐term CP use. This integrated approach not only fills vital knowledge gaps in CP‐based dye adsorption kinetics but also underscores the potential of these materials as sustainable, scalable, and effective solutions for real‐world water treatment applications.
Morelato, M, Ross, A, Lennard, C & Roux, C 2025, 'Editorial – Special issue IAFS 2023', Forensic Science International, pp. 112592-112592.
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Morrison, GS, Biedermann, A, Tart, M, Meuwly, D, Berger, CEH, Guiness, J, Houck, MM, Gibb, C, Dawid, AP, Kotsoglou, KN, Kaye, DH, Rose, P, Taroni, F, Kokshoorn, B, Saks, MJ, Buckleton, JS, Curran, JM, Taylor, D, Zhang, C, Vuille, J, Champod, C, Simonsen, BT, Mattei, A, Lucena-Molina, JJ, Zabell, S, Chin, JM, Gallidabino, M, Wevers, G, Moreton, R, Eldridge, H, Martire, KA, Aitken, CGG, Cole, SA, González-Rodríguez, J, Smithuis, M, Edvardsen, T, Wilson-Wilde, L, Zadora, G, Gittelson, S, Jackson, G, Sjerps, M, Brard, F, Hicks, T, Kennedy, J, Latten, BGH, Weber, P, Willis, S, Ramos, D, Koehler, JJ, Ribeiro, RO, Crispino, F, Basu, N, Meakin, GE, Kirkbride, KP, Tully, G, Jessen, M & Court, DS 2025, 'A response to EA-4/23 INF:2025 “The Assessment and Accreditation of Opinions and Interpretations using ISO/IEC 17025:2017”', Forensic Science International, pp. 112589-112589.
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Mosby, V, Moggridge, BJ, Creamer, S, Evans, G, Ireland, L, Pecl, G & Lansbury, N 2025, 'Voices of hard-to-reach island communities provide inclusive and culturally appropriate climate change responses: A case study from the Torres Strait Islands, Australia', The Journal of Climate Change and Health, vol. 23, pp. 100450-100450.
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Mousseau, V, Gendron, A, Ouellet, F & Boivin, R 2025, 'Do future police officers want to pursue a crime scene examiner career? Exploring stability and change in police recruits’ interest in crime scene investigation', Science & Justice, vol. 65, no. 4, pp. 101281-101281.
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Recruitment of high-calibre crime scene investigation candidates is a complex and important task for police managers. Genuine interest in a crime scene examiner (CSE) position might be a good indicator for recruitment strategies, as research has shown that good fits between vocational interest and work position can lead to better retention, motivation, commitment, job satisfaction and performance. Still, knowledge of the dynamics of interest in a CSE position among the pool of potential candidates remains scarce. Thus, this study uses a longitudinal research design to explore the evolution of 300 police recruits' interest in a CSE position throughout their police training curriculum. It shows that police recruits' interest in such a position is notably lower than their interest in other police roles. Findings also suggest that for many recruits, interest in a CSE position tends to decline over the course of their training, varying by gender, initial level of interest for the job, and the evolution of interest in other police functions. Accordingly, this research calls for further studies on police officers' aspirations to pursue a CSE career and advises caution in using genuine interests as a recruitment indicator, as a candidate's interest at a given moment may not reliably predict their long-term work orientation.
Mousseau, V, Morelato, M & Roux, C 2025, 'The Quest for Regulating Crime Scene Investigation in Forensic Science: Can We Learn About Discretion and Standardization From Other Fields?', WIREs Forensic Science, vol. 7, no. 2.
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ABSTRACTGrowing calls for better standards and quality assurance, particularly in crime scene investigations, have raised questions about the impact and suitability of these regulatory mechanisms on the forensic process. However, to date, debates on whether quality management strategies are “fit‐for‐purpose” have often overlooked how standards may influence the existing power dynamics inherent in forensic science and policing. Research in other sectors, such as public administration and policing, has nevertheless shown that frontline practitioners demonstrate a significant ability to resist standardization efforts. Police officers, teachers and physicians maintain considerable discretion in navigating and (re)interpretating standards to deal with the unique contingencies they face in the field and to respond to any perceived threat to their professional autonomy, competence, and identity. As crime scene examiners share many similarities with these other professional groups, this advanced review suggests that assessing the suitability of quality management strategies for standardizing crime scene investigation should better account for crime scene examiners' ability to negotiate, adapt, or even resist these strategies based on pre‐existing sociocultural practices. This calls for further empirical research into the actual effects—both positive and negative—that these standards have on perceptions, practices, and outcomes in forensic science.
Mukherjee, S, Sen, R, Ralph, PJ & Poddar, N 2025, 'The catalytic role of carbonic anhydrase in optimizing carbon fixation in microalgal cultures', Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 512, pp. 145461-145461.
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Mullens, BG, Marlton, FP, Brand, HEA, Maynard-Casely, HE, Everett, M, Tucker, MG, Van Auken, ER, Manjon-Sanz, AM, Baldinozzi, G, Vornholt, SM, Chapman, KW & Kennedy, BJ 2025, 'The Local-Scale Origin of Ferroic Properties in BiVO4', Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 147, no. 9, pp. 7840-7848.
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Murray, SA, Verma, A, Hoppenrath, M, Harwood, DT, Murray, JS, Smith, KF, Lewis, R, Finch, SC, Islam, SS, Ashfaq, A, De Azevedo, CD & Bolch, CJS 2025, 'High ciguatoxin-producing Gambierdiscus clade (Gonyaulacales, Dinophyceae) as a source of toxins causing ciguatera poisoning', Science of The Total Environment, vol. 994, pp. 179990-179990.
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Nguyen, HAD, Le, HT, Barthelemy, X, Azzi, M, Duc, H, Jiang, N, Riley, M & Ha, QP 2025, 'A Deep-Learning-Based Visualization Tool for Air Pollution Forecasting', IEEE Software, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 47-56.
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Nguyen, QL, Lai, HN, Nguyen, HTM, Pham, LL, Herdean, A, Poddar, N, Kuzhiumparambil, U, Nguyen, A, Pernice, M, Ralph, PJ & Vo, PHN 2025, 'Explainable artificial intelligence for predicting rare earth elements leaching from secondary resources', Journal of Hazardous Materials, pp. 139479-139479.
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Noble, DWA, Xirocostas, ZA, Wu, NC, Martinig, AR, Almeida, RA, Bairos-Novak, KR, Balti, H, Bertram, MG, Bliard, L, Brand, JA, Byrne, I, Chan, Y-C, Clink, DJ, Corbel, Q, Correia, RA, Crawford-Ash, J, Culina, A, D'Bastiani, E, Deme, GG, de Souza Leite, M, Dhellemmes, F, Dimri, S, Drobniak, SM, Elsy, AD, Everingham, SE, Gascoigne, SJL, Grainger, MJ, Hossack, GC, Hovstad, KA, Ivimey-Cook, ER, Jones, ML, Kačergytė, I, Küstner, G, Leibold, DC, Mair, MM, Martin, J, Mizuno, A, Moodie, IR, Moreau, D, O'Dea, RE, Orr, JA, Paquet, M, Parajuli, R, Pick, JL, Pottier, P, Purgar, M, Recio, P, Roche, DG, Royauté, R, Shafiei Sabet, S, Segovia, JMG, Silva, I, Sánchez-Tójar, A, Soares, BE, Szabo, B, Takola, E, Thoré, ESJ, Timilsina, B, van Dis, NE, Verberk, WCEP, Vriend, SJG, Wild, KH, Williams, C, Yang, Y, Nakagawa, S & Lagisz, M 2025, 'The promise of community-driven preprints in ecology and evolution', Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol. 292, no. 2039.
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Publishing preprints is quickly becoming commonplace in ecology and evolutionary biology. Preprints can facilitate the rapid sharing of scientific knowledge establishing precedence and enabling feedback from the research community before peer review. Yet, significant barriers to preprint use exist, including language barriers, a lack of understanding about the benefits of preprints and a lack of diversity in the types of research outputs accepted (e.g. reports). Community-driven preprint initiatives can allow a research community to come together to break down these barriers to improve equity and coverage of global knowledge. Here, we explore the first preprints uploaded to EcoEvoRxiv ( n = 1216), a community-driven preprint server for ecologists and evolutionary biologists, to characterize preprint use in ecology, evolution and conservation. Our perspective piece highlights some of the unique initiatives that EcoEvoRxiv has taken to break down barriers to scientific publishing by exploring the composition of articles, how gender and career stage influence preprint use, whether preprints are associated with greater open science practices (e.g. code and data sharing) and tracking preprint publication outcomes. Our analysis identifies areas that we still need to improve upon but highlights how community-driven initiatives, such as EcoEvoRxiv , can play a crucial role in shaping publishing practices in biology.
Nouman, M, Khoo, SY, Mahmud, MAP & Kouzani, AZ 2025, 'A hybrid BERT-BiRNN framework for mental health prediction using textual data', Natural Language Processing Journal, vol. 12, pp. 100165-100165.
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Novikov, AA, Shiryaev, AN & Kordzakhia, NE 2025, 'On Parameter Estimation of Diffusion-Type Processes: Sequential Estimation Revisited', Theory of Probability & Its Applications, vol. 69, no. 4, pp. 531-552.
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O’Donnell, SE, Ruggeri, M, Blanco-Pimentel, M, Morikawa, MK, Harms, E, Calle-Triviño, J, Flanagan, BA, Carlson, HK, Kenkel, CD & Million, WC 2025, 'Species-specific patterns of population genetic structure differ on a microgeographic scale', Coral Reefs, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 353-358.
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Abstract Coral exhibits substantial variation in pelagic larval duration, dispersal range, and population connectivity. In this study, we used reduced representation genotyping to compare the genetic structure of Caribbean reef-building species along the southeastern Dominican Republic coastline to assess connectivity within the likely dispersal kernel. Despite relatively small geographic distance between reefs, species-specific differences in genetic structure were observed. The broadcasting coral Orbicella faveolata had high levels of genetic connectivity. Between the two brooding species, Agaricia agaricites showed strong genetic subdivision, while Porites astreoides exhibited high levels of gene flow. These results suggest that multiple factors outside of life history characteristics influence genetic differentiation among populations, with species-level variability underscoring the importance of restoration and management strategies tailored to individual species, considering regional genetic and environmental variability.
O'Brien, L, Hitchcock, JN & Mitrovic, SM 2025, 'Environmental Flows Rapidly Increase Zooplankton Abundance in a Regulated Lowland River', River Research and Applications, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 1158-1168.
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ABSTRACTZooplankton are important parts of the food web that support the survival of larval fish in floodplain rivers. Zooplankton abundance and community structure are sensitive to flow‐driven changes in the environment, which have been heavily impacted by river regulation with dams. Environmental flows (e‐flows) are managed dam releases designed to restore a degree of natural ecological functioning to regulated rivers. Native fish spawning can be triggered by e‐flows, but it is not well understood whether these flows can stimulate instream zooplankton production in an appropriate timeframe to support feeding by fish larvae in their first weeks of life. This study aimed to investigate the immediate and longer‐term impacts of a planned dam release during the drought of 2018 in the Macquarie–Wambuul River of New South Wales, Australia, on the abundance of zooplankton and associated environmental variables. Dissolved organic carbon, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and chlorophyll a increased significantly at the onset of the e‐flow. The zooplankton community was dominated by Cladocera (also named Diplostraca). The significant drivers of zooplankton community structure were NOx, temperature and river level. The start of the e‐flow coincided with a significant increase in cladoceran densities, which resulted in up to 36.2 × 109 ± 1.5 × 109 Cladocera d−1 being exported through the study sites. Increased zooplankton exports were maintained for at least 6 weeks after the onset of the e‐flow. These findings demonstrate that e‐flows during drought can stimulate increased zooplankton abundance within appropriate timeframes to support the survival of native fish larvae.
Oh, J, Kim, S, Kim, MS, Abate, YH, Abd ElHafeez, S, Abdelkader, A, Abdi, P, Abdulah, DM, Aboagye, RG, Abolhassani, H, Abtahi, D, Abualruz, H, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Aburuz, S, Adane, MM, Addo, IY, Adeleke, OT, Aden, B, Adnani, QES, Adra, S, Afzal, MS, Ahmad, S, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, A, Ahmed, SA, Al Awaidy, S, Al Bakour, MA, Alam, K, Albashtawy, M, Al-Eyadhy, A, Al-Gheethi, AAS, Alhalaiqa, FN, Ali, SS, Ali, W, Alif, SM, Al-Jabi, SW, Alqahtani, JS, AlQudah, M, Alrawashdeh, A, Alshahrani, NZ, Altaany, Z, Altaf, A, Al-Tammemi, AB, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Alwafi, H, Al-Wardat, M, Al-Worafi, YM, Aly, H, Alyahya, MSI, Alzoubi, KH, Amusa, GA, Ansar, A, Anuoluwa, BS, Anuoluwa, IA, Anyasodor, AE, Arabloo, J, Aravkin, AY, Areda, D, Asghari-Jafarabadi, M, Ashraf, T, Athari, SS, Aujayeb, A, Ayana, LAA, Aziz, S, Azzam, AY, Barqawi, HJ, Barrow, A, Bastan, M-M, Batra, K, Behera, P, Behzadi, P, Bell, ML, Beneke, AA, Berhie, AY, Beyene, KA, Bhattacharjee, P, Bhatti, JS, Bolarinwa, OA, Bouaoud, S, Bustanji, Y, Butt, NS, Camargos, P, Cámera, LA, Carugno, A, Cenderadewi, M, Cerrai, S, Chakraborty, S, Chan, JSK, Chandika, RM, Chattu, VK, Chaudhary, AA, Cheng, ETW, Chichagi, F, Chimoriya, R, Ching, PR, Chirinos-Caceres, JL, Chong, YY, Chopra, H, Chu, D-T, Corlateanu, A, Cruz-Martins, N, da Silva, AG, Dababo, N, Dadras, O, Dai, X, Damiani, G, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dellavalle, RP, Devanbu, VGC, Dhane, AS, Dharmaratne, SD, Dhulipala, VR, Di Pumpo, M, Diaz, MJ, Dima, A, Ding, DD, Do, TC, Do, THP, Doshi, OP, Drucker, AM, Durojaiye, OC, E'mar, AR, Efendi, D, Ekholuenetale, M, Ekundayo, TC, El Arab, RA, El Bayoumy, IF, El Meligy, OAA, Elagali, AEM, Elhadi, M, Elsohaby, I, Emeto, TI, Fagbamigbe, AF, Fahim, A, Faiz, R, Fakhradiyev, IR, Fatehizadeh, A, Fazeli, P, Fazylov, T, Feizkhah, A, Ferreira, N, Fetensa, G, Fischer, F, Fonzo, M, Foroutan, B, Fukumoto, T, Gaipov, A, Gandhi, AP, Gautam, RK, Gebregergis, MW, Gebrehiwot, M, Gebremeskel, TG, Getahun, GK, Ghadirian, F, Ghamari, S-H, Gholamalizadeh, M, Gillum, RF, Girmay, AA, Gohari, K, Goleij, P, Guan, S-Y, Gunawardane, DA, Gupta, S, Hadi, NR, Haghmorad, D, Halwani, R, Hamoudi, R, Has, EMM, Hasaballah, AI, Hasani, H, Hasnain, MS, Hassan, N, Hay, SI, Heibati, B, Heidari, M, Heydari, M, Holla, R, Horita, N, Hosseinzadeh, H, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hundie, TG, Hwang, B-F, Ikiroma, A, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Imam, MT & et al. 2025, 'Global, regional, and national burden of asthma and atopic dermatitis, 1990–2021, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021', The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 425-446.
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Ohiagu, FO, Chikezie, PC, Maduka, TO, Chikezie, CM, Nwaiwu, O & Paudel, KR 2025, 'Antioxidants, Radical Scavengers, and Their Impact on Oxidative Stress', Free Radicals and Antioxidants, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 62-85.
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Oliver, BG, Wang, J, Yarak, RA, Hikasem, T, Wang, B, Feng, M, Wang, X, Gorrie, CA, Yi, C & Chen, H 2025, 'Exposure to third hand e-cigarette vapour impairs cognitive function in young mice', Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, vol. 291, pp. 117885-117885.
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Onizawa, E, Westman, ME, Bogema, DR, Deutscher, AT, Eamens, K, Micallef, ML, McDonogh, T & Jenkins, C 2025, 'Application of a Quantitative Real‐Time PCR Assay for Early Detection of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis on Poultry Farms During an Outbreak in New South Wales, Australia (2018–2020)', Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, vol. 2025, no. 1, p. 9937941.
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Salmonella spp. are a significant cause of human foodborne illness globally, with ingestion of contaminated eggs a major vehicle for infection. Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis, SE) is the serovar most linked to egg‐related foodborne salmonellosis in most developed countries. Until 2018, the Australian egg industry was considered free of SE. This report documents the diagnostic testing performed on samples from egg layer farms across New South Wales (NSW), Australia, as part of a SE outbreak response between 2018 and 2020. Testing was undertaken following a cluster of cases of SE infection in humans traced to the consumption of eggs originating from a single contaminated poultry farm. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) testing was used to screen environmental and animal samples (n = 2058) from 29 different properties identified through contact tracing. Confirmatory bacterial culture (n = 717) was performed on any SE qPCR‐positive samples and a subset of qPCR‐negative and qPCR‐inconclusive samples. In total, 13/29 (45%) of egg layer farms were SE‐positive by qPCR testing, with 12/13 (92%) of these farms confirmed SE‐positive by bacterial culture and serotyping. Both environmental and animal samples produced SE‐positive results, in particular surface swabs, boot covers, feces, and eggs. When qPCR testing and bacterial culture were performed side‐by‐side, qPCR testing to detect SE compared to bacterial culture had sensitivity of 100% (43/43) and specificity of 94.1% (238/253; 95% confidence interval[CI] 91.4–96.8). SE isolates obtained during the outbreak were predominantly phage type (PT)1b and PT12. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of SE isolates from 9 of 12 culture‐positive properties confirmed that they were all sequence type 11, Clade B, and derived from a single source...
Osmolovsky, I, Xirocostas, ZA, Chiarenza, GM & Moles, AT 2025, 'Counterintuitive Range Shifts May Be Explained by Climate Induced Changes in Biotic Interactions', Global Change Biology, vol. 31, no. 7.
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ABSTRACTMany organisms are expected to shift their ranges uphill, toward the poles or to deeper waters in response to climate change. However, over a third of species exhibit counterintuitive range shifts—toward the equator, downhill or to shallower waters. Despite the prevalence and potential importance of counterintuitive shifts, they are seldom predicted by the species distribution models on which conservation decisions often rely, and we have remarkably few hypotheses as to why species might exhibit counterintuitive shifts. To address this, we propose the ‘Interaction Opportunists Hypothesis’, which formalises the idea that counterintuitive shifts could arise from climate change induced changes in biotic interactions at the warm edge of species' distributions. Reductions in antagonistic interactions, increases in positive interactions or changes in the type or outcome of biotic interactions could make previously unsuitable habitats viable parts of a species' range. Biotic interactions may additionally drive lags in range shifts and the persistence of some species in current habitats despite the changing climate. Understanding the role of biotic interactions is thus crucial for improving forecasting of the rate, direction and vulnerability of range shifting species, aiding conservation and climate mitigation efforts. Our hypothesis provides a generalisable framework to explain counterintuitive shifts across diverse systems and contexts.
Otsuka, Y, Rawal, A, Koshy, P, Ben-Nissan, B, Kono, H & Kikuchi, M 2025, 'Structural transformations in mechanochemically-synthesized strontium-doped hydroxyapatite', Ceramics International, vol. 51, no. 19, pp. 28073-28082.
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Pakan, PD, Siu, ACW, Lee, H, Singh, M, De Rubis, G, Yeung, S, Kulkarni, MP, Goh, BH, Hsu, AC, Chellappan, DK, Gupta, G, Yow, Y-Y, Oliver, BGG, Paudel, KR & Dua, K 2025, 'Algal bioactives: Unlocking future frontiers in respiratory therapeutics', Food Bioscience, vol. 69, pp. 106778-106778.
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Pan, F, Gong, C, Sun, Y, Wu, Z, Li, D, Wu, J, Cao, X, Xu, Y, Li, X, Gao, H, Zhang, J, Zhao, Y & Liu, H 2025, 'Constructing Ru-P/O-transition metal bridge enabling high-performance oxygen evolution reaction', Journal of Energy Chemistry, vol. 107, pp. 872-880.
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Pan, L, Xiao, X, Qin, Y, Canadell, JG, Huete, A, Ciais, P, Yin, S, Zhang, C, Pan, B, Yin, C, Meng, C, Yao, Y & Xia, H 2025, 'Strong and Rapid Postfire Recovery of Vegetation Productivity in Australia', Global Change Biology, vol. 31, no. 7.
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ABSTRACTFires disrupt ecosystems, release carbon, and reduce carbon uptake, which increases atmospheric CO2 concentration, warms the atmosphere, and fosters more frequent and intense fires. Quantifying postfire recovery is crucial for understanding the adaptability and resilience of ecosystems to fire disturbances. Observations from satellite‐derived active fire (~1‐km) and Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) products reveal that Australia experiences extensive fires annually, reducing vegetation productivity. Here we analyze the post‐fire GPP recovery trajectories of 1.7 × 106 fire‐affected pixels (or 1.5 × 106 km2) in Australia between 2011 and 2019, of which 1.3 × 106 pixels (1.2 × 106 km2) experienced a single fire (single‐fire pixels), and 0.4 × 106 pixels (0.3 × 106 km2) experienced two or more fires (multiple‐fire pixels). We found that Australia's postfire GPP recovery was strong and rapid. 88% of single‐fire pixels recovered to 135% of the prefire level in an average of 2.3 years, whereas 86% of multiple‐fire pixels recovered to 115% of the prefire level in an average of 1.2 years. NonForest ecosystems (e.g., grasslands, shrublands, and savannas) exhibited a higher postfire recovery magnitude (138% for single‐fire pixels and 115% for multiple‐fire pixels) compared to Forest (110% for single‐fire pixels and 108% for multiple‐fire pixels). This rapid and robust postfire GPP recovery is significantly influenced by postfire precipitation, fire (i.e., fire frequency, intensity) and fire severity (damage, impacts; a metric of resistance of terrestrial ecosystems to fire). Specifically, higher fire severity and higher postfire precipitation have a positive impact on postfire recovery, whereas increased fire frequenc...
Pan, X, Jian, Y, An, N, Xie, R-J, Ke, S, Li, Z, Wang, H, Lin, C, Zhuang, Y, Zhou, J, Mei, L & Liao, L 2025, 'Innovations in phosphate phosphors: Bridging structure-property gaps for enhanced luminescence', Coordination Chemistry Reviews, vol. 528, pp. 216407-216407.
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Park, J, Cho, J, Lee, NJ, Lee, H, Lee, J, Lee, G, Marlton, FP, Suzuki, M, Hinterstein, M, Oh, YS, Choi, J, Hwang, G, Lee, JH, Kim, S, Kim, KH & Jo, W 2025, 'Enhanced Coupling Between Soft Ferromagnetism and Displacive Ferroelectricity in the Pb‐Site Modified PbFe1/2Nb1/2O3', Advanced Electronic Materials, vol. 11, no. 2.
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AbstractAlbeit having great potential toward unprecedented type of applications such as magnetoelectric (ME) sensors and memories, practically useful single‐phase multiferroics that show large coupling between ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity at ambient temperatures are still lacking. Here, the discovery of a new type of perovskite ferroelectrics (Pb,M)(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3 (M = Fe, Co, Ni) is reported with a magnetically‐active metal ion introduced into a cuboctahedrally‐coordinated Pb position, which exhibits enhanced ME coupling owing to the development of simultaneous soft‐ferromagnetism and lone‐pair ferroelectricity persistent above room temperature. These Pb‐site engineered (Pb,M)(Fe1/2Nb1/2)O3 perovskites exhibit a ME coupling coefficient of ≈40–60 ps m−1, a saturated electric polarization of 14–17 µC cm−2 and a saturation magnetization of 0.15–0.3 µB f.u−1. X‐ray absorption spectroscopy combined with first‐principles calculations demonstrates that the induced ferromagnetism originates from the ferromagnetic superexchange interaction coming from ≈90° bonding between the magnetic ions at the Pb site. The present discovery of the enhanced ME coupling in the Pb‐site engineered perovskite ferroelectrics may provide unforeseen opportunities for applying conventional displacive ferroelectricity in the field of spintronics where ferromagnetism is essentially required.
Parmar, DR, Johnston, NP, Wallman, JF & Szpila, K 2025, 'Blowfly genomics: current insights, knowledge gaps, and future perspectives', Current Opinion in Insect Science, vol. 68, pp. 101305-101305.
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Patel, MN, Patel, AJ, Nandpal, MN, Raval, MA, Patel, RJ, Patel, AA, Paudel, KR, Hansbro, PM, Singh, SK, Gupta, G, Dua, K & Patel, SG 2025, 'Advancing against drug-resistant tuberculosis: an extensive review, novel strategies and patent landscape', Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, vol. 398, no. 3, pp. 2127-2150.
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Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) represents a pressing global health issue, leading to heightened morbidity and mortality. Despite extensive research efforts, the escalation of DR-TB cases underscores the urgent need for enhanced prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies. This review delves deep into the molecular and genetic origins of different types of DR-TB, highlighting recent breakthroughs in detection and diagnosis, including Rapid Diagnostic Tests like Xpert Ultra, Whole Genome Sequencing, and AI-based tools along with latest viewpoints on diagnosis and treatment of DR-TB utilizing newer and repurposed drug molecules. Special emphasis is given to the pivotal role of novel drugs and discusses updated treatment regimens endorsed by governing bodies, alongside innovative personalized drug-delivery systems such as nano-carriers, along with an analysis of relevant patents in this area. All the compiled information highlights the inherent challenges of current DR-TB treatments, discussing their complexity, potential side effects, and the socioeconomic strain they impose, particularly in under-resourced regions, emphasizing the cost-effective and accessible solutions. By offering insights, this review aims to serve as a compass for researchers, healthcare practitioners, and policymakers, emphasizing the critical need for ongoing R&D to improve treatments and broaden access to crucial TB interventions.
Philpott, L, Johnson, BC, Fronzi, M, Rokhsat, E, Luo, W, Hutchison, J, Wibowo, AA, Delaney, R & Bullock, J 2025, 'Strain-Dependent Photodetection with Layered InSe Photoconductors', Nano Letters, vol. 25, no. 24, pp. 9526-9534.
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Picknell, KJ, Poddar, N, McCauley, JI, Chaves, AV & Ralph, PJ 2025, 'Whole cell microalgae: Potential to transform industry waste into sustainable ruminant feed', Bioresource Technology, vol. 430, pp. 132547-132547.
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Pijning, AE & Hogg, PJ 2025, 'Disulfide bond control of platelet αIIbβ3 integrin', Thrombosis Research, vol. 250, pp. 109320-109320.
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Poulin-Laprade, D, Broadbent, J, Biot-Pelletier, D, Kraemer, S, Griffiths, EJ, Kumar, A, Li, X-Z, Carrillo, CD, Zaheer, R, McAllister, TA, Kullik, S, Liebana, E, Ricker, N, Langlois, A, Reid-Smith, RJ, Faucher, SP, Flores-Vargas, G, Bédard, E, Summers, JK, Jarocki, V, Thongthum, T & Carson, CA 2025, 'Requirements and considerations for effective implementation of integrated One Health antimicrobial resistance research', Canadian Journal of Microbiology, vol. 71, pp. 1-17.
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The One Health (OH) approach recognizes the interconnectedness of the health of people, animals, plants/crops and ecosystems, and is central to addressing antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The 7th Environmental Dimension of Antimicrobial Resistance Conference (EDAR7), held in Montreal in May 2024, exemplified this approach by convening international experts and stakeholders to discuss AMR research and policy progress. EDAR7 workshop #8 focused on (1) barriers to establishing effective OH AMR research programs, (2) gaps in OH AMR research priorities, and (3) potential solutions/approaches or “tools” to ensure programs develop in accordance with OH principles and generate insightful data that maximizes limited resources. Key workshop outcomes included identifying critical principles for OH AMR research programs and highlighting the pivotal role of sustainable data management strategies. Additionally, the importance of considering AMR policy and risk assessment needs when planning and designing research was emphasized. Discussions explored specific tools and approaches that support the standardized and harmonized collection and analysis of data, and associated challenges of integrating genomics data into current risk assessments and models. Synthesis of the workshop’s discussions outlined critical considerations that interdisciplinary OH AMR research programs and networks should prioritize to enhance the impact of their outputs.
Poulton, CG, Mahmodi, H, Arnold, MD, McAlary, L, Ooi, L & Kabakova, I 2025, 'Statistical data analysis methods in Brillouin spectroscopy: Tutorial', APL Photonics, vol. 10, no. 6.
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The non-contact and label-free nature of Brillouin microscopy, a type of optical elastography, is contributing to the growing popularity of this technology worldwide for applications in fundamental mechanobiology and biomedical diagnostics. The resolution of Brillouin microscopy, however, is not as high as super-resolution imaging and is limited by phonon properties to approximately a micrometer. Since the majority of subcellular and extracellular matrix components are significantly smaller than 1 μm, many cell and tissue components become averaged in a single imaging voxel. This, in turn, presents a challenge for data analysis of Brillouin microscopy measurements collected from heterogeneous samples, especially since the cellular components often have similar and closely positioned spectral features. In this tutorial, we discuss in detail the application of the two unsupervised machine learning methods, principal component analysis and vertex component analysis, which can be used to retrieve information from the Brillouin microscopy data of heterogeneous samples. The main advantage of both methods is their unsupervised nature, thus no preliminary knowledge of structure and composition is needed to isolate the components of interest. We describe the underlying theory for each method and their practical application to Brillouin microscopy. We review their unique advantages and limitations and propose novel ways of applying these methods separately and together for better identification and separation of components. We demonstrate this methodology on a Brillouin dataset collected from a two-phase biological system formed by liquid–liquid phase separation of proteins in a buffer solution, but the method can be universally applied to Brillouin microscopy measurements of any biological object.
Prasetyoputri, A, Pitt, ME, Cao, MD, Ramu, S, Kavanagh, A, Elliott, AG, Ganesamoorthy, D, Monk, IR, Stinear, TP, Cooper, MA, Coin, LJM & Blaskovich, MAT 2025, 'Characterisation of in vitro resistance selection against second-/last-line antibiotics in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300 strain', JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance, vol. 7, no. 3.
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Abstract Background and objectives The increasing occurrence of MRSA clinical isolates harbouring reduced susceptibility to mainstay antibiotics has escalated the use of second and last line antibiotics. Hence, it is critical to evaluate the likelihood of MRSA developing clinical resistance to these antibiotics. Our study sought to characterize the development of resistance to vancomycin (VAN), daptomycin (DAP) and linezolid (LZD) in MRSA ATCC 43300 in vitro and further determine the mechanisms underpinning resistance. Methods MRSA was exposed to increasing concentrations of VAN, DAP and LZD for 20 days, with eight replicates for each antibiotic conducted in parallel. The resulting day 20 (D20) isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, whole genome sequencing, autolysis assays, and growth curves to determine bacterial fitness. Results Exposure to VAN or LZD for 20 days resulted in a subtle 2-fold increase in the MIC, whereas DAP exposure yielded DAP-non-susceptible isolates with up to 16-fold MIC increase. The MIC increase was accompanied by variable changes in relative fitness and reduced resistance to autolysis in some isolates. D20 isolates harboured mutations in genes commonly associated with resistance to the respective antibiotics (e.g. walK for VAN, mprF and rpoB for DAP, rplC for LZD), along with several previously unreported variants. Introduction of key mutations to these identified genes in the parental strain via allelic exchange confirmed their role in the development of resistance. ...
Pu, L, Steele, JR, Phillips, CR, Violi, JP & Rodgers, KJ 2025, 'The cyanobacterial toxins BMAA and 2,4-DAB perturb the l-serine biosynthesis pathway and induce systemic changes in energy metabolism in human neuroblastoma cells: A proteomic study', Toxicology in Vitro, vol. 106, pp. 106058-106058.
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Punt, AE, Dichmont, CM, Dowling, NA, Deng, RA, Pascoe, S, van Putten, I, Bessell-Browne, P, Burch, P, Burnell, O, Chick, RC, de Lestang, S, Denham, A, Evans-Powell, RT, Ferguson, G, Fowler, AM, Fox, A, Helidoniotis, F, Hesp, SA, Liggins, G, Pazhayamadom, DG, Schilling, HT & Tuck, GN 2025, 'Identifying capacity limitations and training needs using a stock assessment game', Fisheries Research, vol. 284, pp. 107319-107319.
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Rafiezadeh, S, Irvine, C, Salih, AK, Mousavi, M, Phillips, MR, Ghasemian, MB & Ton-That, C 2025, 'Enhanced Luminescence and Photocatalytic Activity in Highly Inverted Spinel ZnGa2O4 Nanoplates', ACS Applied Nano Materials, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 1033-1041.
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Rehn, S, Raymond, JS, Boakes, RA, Kendig, MD & Leenaars, CHC 2025, 'Behavioural and physiological effects of binge eating: A systematic review and meta-analysis of animal models', Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, vol. 173, pp. 106135-106135.
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Rennie, C, Morshed, N, Faria, M, Collins-Praino, L & Care, A 2025, 'Nanoparticle Association with Brain Cells Is Augmented by Protein Coronas Formed in Cerebrospinal Fluid', Molecular Pharmaceutics, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 940-957.
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Rigg, AL, Fowler, AM, Nagelkerken, I & Booth, DJ 2025, 'Faster larval growth and shorter pelagic duration enhance the post-settlement persistence of a common range-extending coral-reef fish in a temperate ecosystem', Coral Reefs, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 583-589.
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Abstract Climate-induced ocean warming facilitates the poleward range expansion of tropical marine species into temperate waters. Such tropicalisation is reshaping marine ecosystems globally and has ecological implications. Our understanding of the factors influencing the establishment and persistence of vagrant tropical species in temperate waters remains limited. To address this knowledge gap, we examined which early life history traits affect the post-settlement persistence of a vagrant tropical fish, the sergeant major damselfish Abudefduf vaigiensis, in temperate waters off southeast Australia. Over an 8-week period, fish were collected, and otolith microstructure analysis indicated that early post-settlement persistence was linked to fast larval growth in the week prior to settlement and to shorter pelagic larval duration, but not body size at hatching or body size at settlement. We conclude that successful invasions of temperate ecosystems by this vagrant tropical fish is likely mediated by demographic advantages these fish gain as early-stage larvae.
Rigg, AL, Fowler, AM, Sommer, B & Booth, DJ 2025, 'Early life history traits and elevated growth trajectories associated with survival into winter in range-expanding coral reef fish', Marine Biology, vol. 172, no. 4.
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Abstract Climate change is driving the poleward range expansion of sub-tropical and tropical marine species into temperate ecosystems, with ocean-warming hotspots experiencing rapid shifts in species distributions. While recruitment to temperate waters by expatriating tropical vagrant fish is increasing, surviving through the cooler winters remains a significant barrier to their establishment. This study investigates the links between early life history traits and survival into winter in the Sergeant Major (Abudefduf vaigiensis), a tropical damselfish expanding its range into temperate southeastern Australia. Using otolith microstructure analysis, we reconstructed the early life histories of 122 individuals collected from rocky reefs in Sydney (33.8oS) Australia in 2022 and 2023 and assessed their early life history traits. Our results demonstrate that individuals sampled during winter (hereafter “wintered fish”) had a larger size at hatching, longer pelagic larval duration, and higher body condition than fish collected before winter. Lower settlement water temperatures were positively associated with winter survival, indicating that a settlement date closer to the onset of winter was favourable. Additionally, wintered fish, exhibited higher growth rates in early life compared to fish sampled prior to winter onset. These findings suggest that some early life history traits are selected for survival into winter, potentially mediating the physiological impacts of declining water temperature. If such traits increase overwinter survival they may facilitate the establishment of this range-expanding species in temperate rocky reef environments.
Rodgers, KJ, Kabalan, J & Phillips, CR 2025, 'A comprehensive review of the proline mimic azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (A2C)', Toxicology, vol. 510, pp. 153999-153999.
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Roffel, MP, Brandsma, C-A, Faiz, A, Jonker, MR, Timens, W, Joos, GF, Brusselle, GG, Maes, T, Bracke, KR, van den Berge, M & Heijink, IH 2025, 'The Role of miR-320d in Regulation of Cigarette Smoke-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Responses in COPD', Archivos de Bronconeumología.
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Ross, A, Lennard, C & Roux, C 2025, 'Forensic science: Where to from Here?', Forensic Science International, vol. 366, pp. 112285-112285.
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Ross, PM & Scanes, E 2025, 'Using self-determination theory as a lens to create sustainable futures for teaching and education focused academics in higher education in Australia', Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 90-107.
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Runge, AFJ, Schmidt, MK, Solntsev, AS, Steel, MJ & Poulton, CG 2025, 'Quasi-solitons and stable superluminal opto-acoustic pulses in Brillouin scattering', APL Photonics, vol. 10, no. 3.
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We theoretically and numerically study the evolution of soliton-like waves supported by stimulated Brillouin scattering. First, the emergence and unusual behavior of resonant solitary waves are investigated for both backward and forward three wave interactions. We find that these waves can be characterized by the ratio between the optical and acoustic damping coefficients. We also examine a second class of non-resonant anti-symmetric soliton-like waves, which have a more complicated pulse shape than traditional solitons. These waves are superluminal, with pulse velocities that can be tuned by the input Stokes and pump fields. We discuss the excitation of these types of waves and the physical conditions required for their observation.
Ruzickova, M, Karola, I, Nohejl, T, Sukkar, I, Palkovicova, J, Papousek, I, Cummins, ML, Djordjevic, SP & Dolejska, M 2025, 'Comparative genomics of multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli ST131 from human, animal, and environmental sources in the Czech Republic', Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, vol. 299, pp. 118320-118320.
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Ruzickova, M, Palkovicova, J, Papousek, I, Cummins, ML, Djordjevic, SP & Dolejska, M 2025, 'The presence of multiple variants of IncF plasmid alleles in a single genome sequence can hinder accurate replicon sequence typing using in silico pMLST tools', mSystems, vol. 10, no. 5.
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ABSTRACT IncF plasmids are mobile genetic elements found in bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae family and often carry critical antibiotic and virulence gene cargo. The classification of IncF plasmids using the plasmid Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (pMLST) tool from the Center for Genomic Epidemiology (CGE; https://www.genomicepidemiology.org/ ) compares the sequences of IncF alleles against a database to create a plasmid sequence type (ST). Accurate identification of plasmid STs is useful as it enables an assessment of IncF plasmid lineages associated with pandemic enterobacterial STs. Our initial observations showed discrepancies in IncF allele variants reported by pMLST in a collection of 898 Escherichia coli ST131 genomes. To evaluate the limitations of the pMLST tool, we interrogated an in-house and public repository of 70,324 E. coli genomes of various STs and other Enterobacteriaceae genomes ( n = 1247). All short-read assemblies and representatives selected for long-read sequencing were used to assess pMLST allele variants and to compare the output of pMLST tool versions. When multiple allele variants occurred in a single bacterial genome, the Python and web versions of the tool randomly selected one allele to report, leading to limited and inaccurate ST identification. Discrepancies were detected in 5,804 of 72,469 gen...
Ryder, WG, Levina, A, Graziotto, ME, Hawkins, BA, Hibbs, DE, New, EJ & Gale, PA 2025, 'Subcellular targeted anion transporters', Chem, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 102247-102247.
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Sadraeian, M, Maleki, R, Fu, L, Lin, G, Zhou, J, Jin, D & Reimers, JR 2025, 'Harnessing Thiophilic Cadmium to Enhance 8-17 DNAzyme Activity in Cascade Oligo Biosensors.', Biosensors and Bioelectronics, pp. 117816-117816.
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Sais, D, Chowdhury, S, Nguyen, PT, Cwiklinski, K, Nguyen, TD, Nguyen, TA, Dalton, J, Donnelly, S & Tran, N 2025, 'Dynamic shifts in isomiR profiles during parasite maturation of Fasciola hepatica', RNA Biology, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 1-22.
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We investigated the isomiR profiles of the parasitic worm Fasciola hepatica across three developmental stages: newly excysted juveniles (NEJ), juveniles (JUV), and adults. Our analysis revealed a distinct shift in isomiR distribution during maturation, with NEJs exhibiting a higher abundance and diversity of isomiRs compared to later stages. Notably, isomiRs were often the dominant miRNA form in NEJs, whereas a transition to canonical miRNAs occurred as the parasite matured. This temporal variation suggests that isomiR expression may be linked to the parasite's life cycle. We observed that truncated isomiRs were more prevalent, with uracil additions at the 3'end and adenosine at the 5' end being most common. At least 10% of the miRNA population consisted of 5' end isomiRs, which have the potential to redirect target interactions towards metabolic and developmental pathways. Furthermore, we show that the cleavage sites in F. hepatica primary miRNAs are similar to those found in mammalian cells, and Dicer-mediated cleavage appears to play a significant role in isomiR generation. We believe that the diversification of miRNA sequences through isomiR production is an evolutionary adaptation that enhances the parasite's ability to tune gene expression during infection and development. This regulatory plasticity may facilitate successful infection and long-term persistence within diverse mammalian hosts. Understanding the roles of isomiRs in parasitic worms could provide new insights into parasite biology and identify potential targets for controlling parasitic infections.
Salih, AK, Fiedler, S, Irvine, CP, Matar, F, Phillips, MR & Ton-That, C 2025, 'Defect passivation and enhanced UV emission in β-Ga2O3 via remote fluorine plasma treatment', Applied Surface Science, vol. 687, pp. 162250-162250.
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Salih, AK, Irvine, CP, Matar, F, Aditya, L, Nghiem, LD & Ton-That, C 2025, 'Photocatalytic self-cleansing ZnO-coated ceramic membranes for preconcentrating microalgae', Journal of Membrane Science, vol. 718, pp. 123700-123700.
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Salloum, PM, Guo, J & Scanes, E 2025, 'Molluscan microbiomes: current research focus, knowledge gaps, and future directions', Molluscan Research, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 125-136.
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Salomon, R, Razavi Bazaz, S, Mutafopulos, K, Gallego-Ortega, D, Warkiani, M, Weitz, D & Jin, D 2025, 'Challenges in blood fractionation for cancer liquid biopsy: how can microfluidics assist?', Lab on a Chip, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 1097-1127.
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Microfluidic blood fractionation has a critical role in enhancing liquid biopsy. Liquid biopsy allows molecular and phenotypic characteristics of a patient's tumor by detecting evidence of cancerous changes in readily accessible samples like blood.
Sarretto, T, Westerhausen, MT, Mckinnon, JC, Bishop, DP & Ellis, SR 2025, 'Evaluation of combined workflows for multimodal mass spectrometry imaging of elements and lipids from the same tissue section', Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, vol. 417, no. 4, pp. 705-719.
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Abstract The wide range of mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) technologies enables the spatial distributions of many analyte classes to be investigated. However, as each approach is best suited to certain analytes, combinations of different MSI techniques are increasingly being explored to obtain more chemical information from a sample. In many cases, performing a sequential analysis of the same tissue section is ideal to enable a direct correlation of multimodal data. In this work, we explored different workflows that allow sequential lipid and elemental imaging on the same tissue section using atmospheric pressure laser desorption/ionisation-plasma post-ionisation-MSI (AP-MALDI-PPI-MSI) and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-MSI (LA-ICP-MSI), respectively. It is found that performing lipid imaging first using matrix-coated samples, followed by elemental imaging on matrix-coated samples, provides high-quality MSI datasets for both lipids and elements, with the resulting distributions being similar to those obtained when each is performed in isolation. The effect of matrix removal prior to elemental imaging, and of performing elemental imaging first were also investigated but found to generally yield lower quality elemental imaging data but comparable lipid imaging data. Finally, we used the ability to acquire both elemental and lipid imaging data from the same section to investigate the spatial correlations between different lipids (including ceramides, phosphatidylethanolamine, and hexosylceramides) and elements within mouse brain tissue. Graphical Abstract
Satija, S, Vyas, M, Pandey, P & Garg, M 2025, 'Taguchi L9 Optimization of Microwave‐Assisted Solid–Liquid Duo Heating for Berberine Extraction With HPTLC Analysis', Biomedical Chromatography, vol. 39, no. 3.
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ABSTRACTWe present an optimized approach for the extraction of berberine using microwave‐assisted solid–liquid duo heating. The conventional procedure relies on the simultaneous heating of the sample matrix and the dissolving solvent under microwave energy. To improve the efficiency of this process, we employed the Taguchi L9 orthogonal design methodology, focusing on key extraction parameters, including microwave power, irradiation time, solute‐solvent ratio, and temperature. Berberine content was quantified using high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography (HPTLC). Our findings revealed that the most influential parameters in the berberine extraction process were microwave power (ranked as the most critical factor), followed by irradiation time (second in importance), and temperature (third in significance). Utilizing the dual heating approach in microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) led to a more precise and efficient determination of extraction parameters, resulting in enhanced accuracy and higher yield. Additionally, this optimized method significantly reduced the overall extraction time, making it an ideal choice for berberine extraction under optimal conditions.
Saunier, A, Kammer, J, Rocco, M, Wortham, H, Coquin, S, Raina, J-B, Lecareux, C, Ormeno, E & Fernandez, C 2025, 'BVOC emissions from Posidonia oceanica, the most abundant Mediterranean seagrass species', Chemosphere, vol. 378, pp. 144392-144392.
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Scammell, H & Domínguez-Calderón, S 2025, 'Anomalous magnetic flux via junction twist-angle in a triplet-superconducting transmon qubit'.
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Scammell, H & Sushkov, O 2025, 'Exciton condensation from level repulsion: application to bilayer graphene'.
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Scammell, H & Sushkov, O 2025, 'Zener tunnelling in biased bilayer graphene via analytic continuation of semiclassical theory'.
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Scanes, E, Siboni, N, Brandimarti, M & Seymour, J 2025, 'Intertidal Warming Causes Mortality and Disrupts the Microbiome of Oysters', Environmental Microbiology, vol. 27, no. 7, p. e70152.
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ABSTRACTIntertidal ecosystems are physically stressful habitats, with resident organisms often living close to their limits. These limits include the balance between host organisms and microbial partners; a balance that may be tipped by climate change. We simulated intertidal warming in the field by establishing populations of the Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea glomerata, on black and white concrete tiles, resulting in differing thermal conditions. Tiles were placed on the intertidal shoreline among natural oyster populations. Oysters on black tiles were up to 3°C warmer than those on white tiles during low tide. We monitored the tiles for oyster survival and took gill and haemolymph samples from oysters for microbiological analysis using qPCR, 16S, and HSP60 rRNA sequencing. We found that after six days, levels of oyster mortality were 50% greater on the black tiles. Oysters on black tiles exhibited a significant shift in their microbiome, involving increases in putative pathogenic bacteria from the Vibrio genus, including the known oyster pathogen V. harveyi and the human pathogen V. parahaemolyticus. These findings demonstrate that relatively small increases in temperature within intertidal ecosystems can cause significant shifts in the microbiome and mortality among oyster populations, with putative links to bacterial pathogens.
Scanes, E, Siboni, N, Potts, J, Rao, S, Labbate, M & Seymour, JR 2025, 'Temporal and spatial co-occurrence of pacific oyster mortality and increased planktonic Vibrio abundance', iScience, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 111674-111674.
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Schiek, R, Solntsev, AS & Neshev, DN 2025, 'Measurement of the cubic nonlinear susceptibility in lithium niobate', Optical Materials Express, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 1100-1100.
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We measured the cubic nonlinear susceptibility tensor elements (χ(3)) for polarization along the primary crystallographic axis in titanium-indiffused lithium niobate waveguides, assessed through self-phase modulation using picosecond-duration pulses at telecommunication wavelengths. A dominant, highly temperature- and wavelength-dependent contribution from a cascaded second-order nonlinearity is observed. Through careful extraction of the cascaded effect, we quantify the intrinsic third-order susceptibility tensor elements as χ z z z z (3)(ω;ω,ω,−ω)=(5.2±1.3)×10−21m2V2 and χ x x x x (3)(ω;ω,ω,−ω)=χ y y y y (3)(ω;ω,ω,−ω)=(3.6±0.8)×10−21m2V2. These measurements underscore the substantial impact of the cascaded nonlinearity in enhancing the effective cubic nonlinearity in lithium niobate and offer precise values essential for the design of nonlinear photoni...
Schlógl, E & Booth, DJ 2025, 'Is there a negative decadal trend in abundance of the weedy seadragon (Phyllopteryx taeniolatus)? Comment on survey data summarised in Edgar et al. (2023)', Australian Zoologist, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 569-575.
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ABSTRACT Decadal changes in abundance of marine organisms along the Australian coastline were reported in a recent Nature paper by Edgar et al. (2023). We reexamine the data used in that paper, and show that the conclusion of a 59% decline in weedy seadragons (Phyllopteryx taeniolatus) cannot be justified based on these data. The data are too sparse, especially for the final survey years of 2020 and 2021, and it is this sparsity in combination with particular modelling choices made by Edgar et al. (2023) that drives their results. While not specifically considered here, it is likely that these issues also affect the results on other rare or cryptic species reported in Edgar et al. (2023).
Schmidt, SC, Grondz, JJ, Ford, MJ, Armas, JA, Alexopoulos, AD, Mendoza, JT, Loeb, CK & Lenhardt, JM 2025, '3D printable silicone compositions exhibiting high toughness and low durometer', Journal of Materials Research, vol. 40, no. 10, pp. 1498-1510.
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Scott, JA, Zotev, PG, Sortino, L, Wang, Y, Akande, A, Wood, ML, Tartakovskii, AI, Toth, M & Palomba, S 2025, 'Fabrication of Ultrasmooth, High-Aspect Ratio Nanostructures', ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, vol. 17, no. 26, pp. 38389-38397.
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Sen, O, Liu, X, Kjelleberg, S, Rice, SA & Seviour, T 2025, 'Potential confounding mutations in Keio knockout strains: implications for research accuracy', Microbiology Spectrum, vol. 13, no. 5.
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ABSTRACT The Keio library of single-gene knock-out mutants of Escherichia coli is useful for the research community. It has been used to analyze the role of various E. coli genes in alcohol tolerance, multi-drug resistance, and biofilm formation. The current study provides a general overview of potential single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertion–deletion of bases (≤50 nucleotides, INDELs) in the genome of a set of 21 knock-out mutants of the Keio collection in comparison to the parent strain. A small number of SNPs and INDELs were predicted in the coding and intergenic regions of the knock-out mutants in comparison to the parental strain through sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. Mutations in the coding regions of genes (different from the actual gene knocked out in the mutants) led to different types of mutations in the affected genes, ranging from nonsense mutations to frameshift mutations, which could affect the functionality of the resulting gene products. These mutations in the intergenic and coding regions could lead to phenotypic differences in the single-gene knock-out mutant strains in comparison to the parent strain, independent of the desired gene deletion. This, in turn, could be misinterpreted by researchers using these strains as differences caused by the missing gene. While this is a preliminary study based on only 21 strains of the Keio collection, the deleted genes in the mutants used in this study were approximately evenly distributed across the entire genome. This study likely indicates the possibility of such mutations in other Keio strains, although a larger sample size of knock-out mutants would be required to understand the likelihood of such mutations across the library. ...
Shen, P, Pollard, B, Ueland, M, Lawes, D & Connal, LA 2025, 'Rapid and Versatile Functionalization of Poly‐Ethylene Imine via Dynamic Aminal Formation', Macromolecular Rapid Communications, vol. 46, no. 3.
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AbstractThe study of dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) is growing rapidly in polymer chemistry. The dynamic covalent chemistry of polyaminals formed by the reaction of linear polyethyleneimine (L‐PEI) with various functional aldehydes is explored. The study demonstrates the pH‐dependent kinetics of polyaminal formation and the versatility of polyaminals in controlling the release of aldehydes under ambient conditions. Additionally, the controlled temperature‐induced release of aldehydes and the dynamic shuffling behavior of aminals in polymer systems are investigated, emphasizing the potential for dynamic, covalently bonded polymers through dynamic aminal chemistry. The research showed the dynamic covalent aminal exchange for creating a range of new polymer materials.
Siboni, N, King, WL, Tongacan, M, Williams, NLR, Carney, R, Mahbub, KR, Rahman, MM, Seymour, JR & Labbate, M 2025, 'Antibiotic resistance gene levels within a highly urbanised estuary', Marine Environmental Research, vol. 204, pp. 106961-106961.
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Singh, P, Robertson, IO, Scholten, SC, Healey, AJ, Abe, H, Ohshima, T, Tan, HH, Kianinia, M, Aharonovich, I, Broadway, DA, Reineck, P & Tetienne, J 2025, 'Violet to Near‐Infrared Optical Addressing of Spin Pairs in Hexagonal Boron Nitride', Advanced Materials, vol. 37, no. 12.
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AbstractOptically addressable solid‐state spins are an important platform for practical quantum technologies. Van der Waals material hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is a promising host as it contains a wide variety of optical emitters, but thus far observations of addressable spins have been sparse, and most of them lacked a demonstration of coherent spin control. Here, robust optical readout of spin pairs in hBN is demonstrated with emission wavelengths spanning from violet to the near‐infrared. It is found that these broadband spin pairs exist naturally in a variety of hBN samples from bulk crystals to powders to epitaxial films, and can be coherently controlled across the entire wavelength range. Furthermore, the optimal wavelengths are identified for independent readout of spin pairs and boron vacancy spin defects co‐existing in the same sample. These results establish the ubiquity of the optically addressable spin pair system in hBN across a broad parameter space, making it a versatile playground for spin‐based quantum technologies.
Sirota, SB, Doxey, MC, Dominguez, R-MV, Bender, RG, Vongpradith, A, Albertson, SB, Novotney, A, Burkart, K, Carter, A, Abdi, P, Abdoun, M, Abebe, AM, Abegaz, KH, Aboagye, RG, Abolhassani, H, Abreu, LG, Abualruz, H, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Aburuz, S, Adane, MM, Addo, IY, Adekanmbi, V, Adnani, QES, Adzigbli, LA, Afzal, MS, Afzal, S, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmad, S, Ahmed, A, Ahmed, H, Ahmed, SA, Akinosoglou, K, Akkaif, MA, Al Awaidy, S, Alalalmeh, SO, Albashtawy, M, AlBataineh, MT, Al-Gheethi, AAS, Alhalaiqa, FN, Alhassan, RK, Ali, A, Ali, L, Ali, MU, Ali, SS, Ali, W, Almazan, JU, Alqahtani, JS, Alrawashdeh, A, Al-Rifai, RH, Alshahrani, NZ, Altartoor, K, Al-Tawfiq, JA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Al-Worafi, YM, Aly, H, Aly, S, Alzoubi, KH, Al-Zyoud, WA, Amhare, AF, Amu, H, Amusa, GA, Anil, A, Anvari, S, Anyabolo, EE, Arabloo, J, Arafat, M, Areda, D, Aregawi, BB, Aremu, A, Athari, SS, Aujayeb, A, Aynalem, ZB, Azadnajafabad, S, Azzam, AY, Badar, M, Bahrami Taghanaki, P, Bahramian, S, Baig, AA, Bajcetic, M, Balakrishnan, S, Banach, M, Bardhan, M, Barqawi, HJ, Bastan, M-M, Batra, K, Batra, R, Behnoush, AH, Beiranvand, M, Belete, AG, Belete, MA, Beloukas, A, Beran, A, Bhardwaj, P, Bhargava, A, Bhat, AN, Bhuiyan, MA, Bitra, VR, Bodunrin, AO, Bogale, EK, Boppana, SH, Borhany, H, Bouaoud, S, Brown, CS, Buonsenso, D, Bustanji, Y, Cámera, LA, Castañeda-Orjuela, CA, Cegolon, L, Cenderadewi, M, Chakraborty, S, Chattu, VK, Cheng, ETW, Chichagi, F, Ching, PR, Chopra, H, Choudhari, SG, Christopher, DJ, Chu, D-T, Chukwu, IS, Chung, E, Corlateanu, A, Cruz-Martins, N, Dadana, S, Dadras, O, Dahiru, T, Dai, X, Das, JK, Dash, NR, Dashti, M, Dashtkoohi, M, De la Hoz, FP, Debopadhaya, S, Demessa, BH, Demis, AB, Devanbu, VGC, Devegowda, D, Dhama, K, Dhulipala, VR, Diaz, D, Diaz, MJ, Do, TC, Do, THP, Dodangeh, M, Dorostkar, F, Dsouza, AC, Dsouza, HL, Duraisamy, S, Durojaiye, OC, Dziedzic, AM, Ed-Dra, A, Ekholuenetale, M, Ekundayo, TC, El Sayed, I, El-Dahiyat, F, Elhadi, M, Elshaer, M, Eslami, M, Eze, UA, Fagbamigbe, AF, Faramarzi, A, Fasina, FO, Ferreira, N, Fischer, F, Fitriana, I, Flor, LS, Gaihre, S, Gajdács, M, Galehdar, N, Ganiyani, MA, Gebregergis, MW, Gebrehiwot, M, Gebremeskel, TG, Getahun, GK, Getie, M, Ghadiri, K, Ghasemzadeh, A, Ghorbani, M, Goldust, M, Golechha, M, Goleij, P, Gorini, G, Goyal, A, Guan, S-Y, Guarducci, G, Gudeta, MD, Gupta, R, Gupta, S, Gupta, VB & et al. 2025, 'Global, regional, and national burden of upper respiratory infections and otitis media, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021', The Lancet Infectious Diseases, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 36-51.
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Smith, MB, Chou, J, Xenaki, D, Bai, X, Chen, H & Oliver, BGG 2025, 'Lunar dust induces minimal pulmonary toxicity compared to Earth dust', Life Sciences in Space Research, vol. 45, pp. 72-80.
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Smith, MB, Chou, J, Xenaki, D, Toukhanbeigli, S, Bai, X, Chen, H & Oliver, BGG 2025, 'Corrigendum to “Lunar Dust Induces Minimal Pulmonary Toxicity Compared to Earth Dust” [Life Sciences in Space Research, Volume 45, May 2025, Pages 72-80]', Life Sciences in Space Research, vol. 45, pp. 135-135.
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So, K, Cruz, S, Marcella, E, Briones, J & Garces, L 2025, 'Uncertainty in Pricing and Risk Measurement of Survivor Contracts', Risks, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 35-35.
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As life expectancy increases, pension plans face growing longevity risk. Standardized longevity-linked securities such as survivor contracts allow pension plans to transfer this risk to capital markets. However, more consensus is needed on the appropriate mortality model and premium principle to price these contracts. This paper investigates the impact of the mortality model and premium principle choice on the pricing, risk measurement, and modeling of survivor contracts. We present a framework for evaluating risk measures associated with survivor contracts, specifically survivor forwards (S-forward) and survivor swaps (S-swaps). We analyze how the mortality model and premium principle assumptions affect pricing and risk measures (value-at-risk and expected shortfall). Four mortality models (Lee–Carter, Renshaw–Haberman, Cairns–Blake–Dowd, and M6) and eight premium principles (Wang, proportional hazard, dual power, Gini, exponential, standard deviation, variance, and median absolute deviation) are considered. Our analysis highlights the need to refine mortality models and premium principles to enhance pricing accuracy and risk management. We also suggest regulators and practitioners incorporate expected shortfall alongside value-at-risk to capture tail risks and improve capital allocation.
Solanki, N, Saini, S, Singh, SK, Paudel, KR, Goh, BH, Dua, K & Dureja, H 2025, 'Central composite designed boswellic acids loaded nanoparticles for enhanced cellular uptake in human lung cancer cell line A549', Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, vol. 105, pp. 106591-106591.
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Song, Y, Zhao, H, Zi, Y, Qiu, J, Song, Z, Bai, X, Liao, J & Yang, Z 2025, 'Correction to “X-ray-Irradiation-Induced Discoloration and Persistent Radioluminescence for Reversible Dual-Mode Imaging and Detection Applications”', ACS Energy Letters, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 68-68.
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Stella, CJ, Bille, TW, Meakin, GE & van Oorschot, RAH 2025, 'Potential for DNA loss during collection and packaging of fired cartridge cases at a crime scene', Journal of Forensic Sciences, vol. 70, no. 3, pp. 944-953.
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AbstractDNA recovery from fired cartridge cases (FCCs) found at a crime scene is complicated by the limited DNA amounts typically available for collection. While this challenge is unavoidable, recovery rates may be improved by optimizing handling and packaging processes to better preserve the available DNA. Here we compared existing methods of collecting and packaging FCCs at a crime scene and assessed the utility of a novel cartridge collection device to determine which combination best preserves DNA integrity and amounts. FCCs loaded with touch DNA or blood and some DNA‐free FCCs were collected and placed into paper or plastic packaging by one of 12 methods. Packages were handled in a manner that mimicked handling during casework, after which the location of DNA within the packaging was assessed to determine where transfer/loss had occurred. We observed that DNA can be lost from FCCs to an examiner's glove during collection, to the inside of packaging after handling and transport, and between FCCs in the same packaging. The novel cartridge collection device mitigated this transfer in many cases and could be considered a means of preserving DNA on FCCs. The results demonstrate the potential for preserving DNA by avoiding direct contact between the FCC and other items.
Stephens, C, Medlyn, B, Williams, L, Knauer, J, Inbar, A, Pendall, E, Arndt, SK, Beringer, J, Ewenz, CM, Hinko‐Najera, N, Hutley, LB, Isaac, P, Liddell, M, Meyer, W, Moore, CE, Cranko Page, J, Silberstein, R & Woodgate, W 2025, 'The Response and Recovery of Carbon and Water Fluxes in Australian Ecosystems Exposed to Severe Drought', Global Change Biology, vol. 31, no. 7, p. e70361.
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ABSTRACTClimate change‐driven increases in drought risk pose a critical threat to global carbon and water cycles. However, ecosystem‐scale responses remain poorly quantified, particularly for severe, multiyear drought events. We addressed this gap by examining ecosystem‐scale carbon and water flux sensitivity to the extreme 2018–19 drought in Australia using data from 14 eddy covariance flux sites. The ecosystems span grasslands and semi‐arid woodlands to tropical and temperate forests. The driest sites (classed as “grass” and “very dry”) experienced drastic productivity impacts, with a 65% decrease in Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) over 2 years relative to the pre‐drought average. However, fluxes in “dry,” “seasonally wet” and “wet” ecosystems showed remarkable resistance, with no overall change in GPP. All sites recovered rapidly; carbon fluxes in the first post‐drought year matched (and generally exceeded) those of a climatically similar pre‐drought year. Drought responses were strongly mediated by ecosystem‐specific strategies. The driest ecosystems showed direct coupling of productivity to water availability, while intermediate ecosystems (dry and seasonally wet) leveraged stored soil water to maintain evapotranspiration and productivity under drought. At these sites, water was conserved over wet periods (evapotranspiration < demand, despite sufficient rainfall) and consumed over dry periods (evapotranspiration > rainfall). This mechanism mitigating periodic water stress under high rainfall variability likely contributed to the notable drought resistance of the dry and seasonally wet sites. The monthly water deficit index (MWDI) emerged as a robust predictor of productivity across space, highlighting that short‐term water availability deficits strongly influence overall ecosystem composition. Analysis of drought response mechanisms suggested rapid leaf loss under water stress, particularly at the driest site...
Strudwick, P, Suggett, DJ, Edmondson, J & Camp, EF 2025, 'Assessing protective shading and lowering of coral nurseries during a mass bleaching event on the great barrier reef', Coral Reefs, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 1093-1105.
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Abstract Tropical coral reefs are increasingly threatened by more frequent and severe global stressors induced by Anthropogenic climate change. Restoration-based interventions, such as in situ coral propagation and out-planting, are increasingly being adopted to enhance natural recovery. However, these interventions face the same global stressors affecting natural reefs, and hence also need protection. Shading or relocating corals can reduce the severity of coral bleaching, but how such protective interventions are best suited to coral nurseries on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) remains untested. We therefore conducted a manipulative field experiment factorially crossing two treatments, adding shade structures and lowering of nurseries, to test the efficacy of decreasing solar irradiance during an ocean heatwave to improve coral-bleaching outcomes at two sites on Opal Reef, GBR in 2024. Metrics of coral health (paling and mortality) were monitored for 138 days. The nursery-lowering treatment (from 4 to 7 m) statistically improved bleaching outcomes (less paling and higher survival) at one site, but not the other. Overall, shading nurseries did not reduce coral paling or mortality, suggesting that irradiance may not have been a primary regulator of bleaching severity, or that thermal stress was not severe enough wherein shading would mitigate bleaching. Our results suggest practitioners should first consider lowering coral nurseries where possible ahead of predicted bleaching conditions as this may provide a low-cost low-effort benefit. Consideration of nursery stock importance, practitioner context, and irradiance projections will further help assess the risk/reward of additional shading. We recommend further research could evaluate different shading regimes (e.g., time and length of shading and percentage shade) on nursery corals under higher irradiance conditions.
Subedi, S, Guntipally, M, Suwal, N, Thapa, R, Bashyal, S, Panth, N, Gupta, G, MacLoughlin, R, Oliver, B, Dua, K & Paudel, KR 2025, 'Cellular senescence in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions', Ageing Research Reviews, vol. 110, pp. 102813-102813.
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Sugandhi, VV, Gadhave, DG, Khot, SV, Jadhav, K, Patel, D, Thapa, R, Verma, RK, Rojekar, S, Patil, NG, Jha, SK, Moravkar, KK, Paudel, KR & Jain, S 2025, 'Exploring natural components in vaccine delivery systems: Types, routes of administration, in-vitro and in-vivo quantification techniques', Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, vol. 108, pp. 106960-106960.
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Sugandhi, VV, Gadhave, DG, Ugale, AR, Kulkarni, N, Nangare, SN, Patil, HP, Rath, S, Saxena, R, Lavate, A, Patel, AT, Jadhav, A & Paudel, KR 2025, 'Advances in Alzheimer's therapy: Exploring neuropathological mechanisms to revolutionize the future therapeutic landscape', Ageing Research Reviews, vol. 109, pp. 102775-102775.
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Suggett, DJ, Goergen, EA, Fraser, M, Hein, MY, Hoot, W, McLeod, I, Montoya-Maya, PH, Moore, T, Ross, AM & Vardi, T 2025, 'A user’s guide to coral reef restoration terminologies', Coral Reefs, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 731-743.
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Abstract Global coral reef restoration efforts continue to diversify in approach, location, and socio-ecological context. In parallel, vocabulary has evolved such that practitioners, scientists, policy makers, communicators, and investors must navigate an increasingly confusing set of terms that are inconsistently defined. Precision around terms and definitions is an important attribute underpinning the rate and extent with which restoration can scale. However, in contrast with more established ecological restoration fields, coral reef restoration lacks a formal lexicon for its core approaches and processes. Here we synthesize, distill, and clarify a core lexicon proposed for coral reef restoration. We navigate readers systematically through terms used for various coral reef restoration approaches, project planning and intent, process workflows, and biological material. We also consider vague terms commonly used that present challenges to singularly define. While we expect this proposed lexicon to continue to evolve, we offer an important first step toward more integrated communications around coral reef restoration.
Summers, PK & McDonagh, AM 2025, 'Alkynide-stabilised gold nanoparticles: a synthetic investigation', Nano Futures, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 021001-021001.
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Abstract Alkyne compounds have emerged as promising stabilising ligands for gold nanoparticles, with potential applications in sensing, catalysis and biological imaging. Several examples of alkynide-stabilised gold nanoparticles have been reported although most use a mixed-ligand system that requires additional stabilising agents. Thus, a facile and size controllable synthesis of gold nanoparticles stabilised exclusively with alkyne compounds is highly desirable. Here we report dec-1-ynide@AuNPs that were synthesised by reduction of a Au(I) dec-1-ynide complex to give nanoparticles with diameter of ∼3.4 nm and are stable in air for up to 2 months. 1H NMR spectra indicate that the particles have a shell that contains gold(I) species surrounding a core of gold(0) atoms. The synthetic technique was modified to increase the size of the AuNPs but the larger AuNPs were stabilised predominantly by tetraoctylammonium bromide (TOAB). Methods that utilised reduction of Au(III) chloride with the phase transfer agent TOAB resulted in bidisperse AuNPs with diameters of ∼9 nm and ∼3 nm. Variation of the synthesis conditions did not have a significant effect on the particle sizes and residual TOAB was required to maintain particle stability.
Sun, L, Cao, X, Gao, L, Li, J, Qian, C, Wu, J, Nie, X, Gao, H, Huang, P, Zhao, Y, Wang, Y, Zhang, J, Wang, G & Liu, H 2025, 'Immobilizing Zwitterionic Molecular Brush in Functional Organic Interfacial Layers for Ultra-Stable Zn-Ion Batteries', Nano-Micro Letters, vol. 17, no. 1.
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Abstract Rechargeable zinc-ion batteries have emerged as one of the most promising candidates for large-scale energy storage applications due to their high safety and low cost. However, the use of Zn metal in batteries suffers from many severe issues, including dendrite growth and parasitic reactions, which often lead to short cycle lives. Herein, we propose the construction of functional organic interfacial layers (OIL) on the Zn metal anodes to address these challenges. Through a well-designed organic-assist pre-construction process, a densely packed artificial layer featuring the immobilized zwitterionic molecular brush can be constructed, which can not only efficiently facilitate the smooth Zn plating and stripping, but also introduce a stable environment for battery reactions. Through density functional theory calculations and experimental characterizations, we verify that the immobilized organic propane sulfonate on Zn anodes can significantly lower the energy barrier and increase the kinetics of Zn2+ transport. Thus, the Zn metal anode with the functional OIL can significantly improve the cycle life of the symmetric cell to over 3500 h stable operation. When paired with the H2V3O8 cathode, the aqueous Zn-ion full cells can be continuously cycled over 7000 cycles, marking an important milestone for Zn anode development for potential industrial applications.
Sun, Y, Kong, M, Ke, J, Gu, Y, Li, F & Feng, W 2025, 'Rare earth luminescent nanothermometers for biological thermal sensing', Coordination Chemistry Reviews, vol. 523, pp. 216222-216222.
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Sun, Z, Wang, N, Wu, Y, Wen, S & Jin, D 2025, 'Recent advances in nanomaterials for integrated phototherapy and immunotherapy', Coordination Chemistry Reviews, vol. 535, pp. 216608-216608.
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Suwal, N, Bashyal, S, Paudyal, P, Khanal, DP, Suwal, N, Dhaubanjar, S, Thapa, R & Paudel, KR 2025, 'Comparative assessment of antibiofilm and antioxidant activities between curcuma longa silver nano particles and ethanolic extract of curcuma longa', Next Research, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 100447-100447.
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Suwal, N, Thapa, R, Bashyal, S, Sugandhi, VV, Subedi, S, Panth, N, Amorim, N, Choi, JP, Gupta, M, Idrees, S, Dua, K & Paudel, KR 2025, 'Targeting oncogenic signaling pathways in lung Cancer: The emerging role of nobiletin, a flavonoid from citrus peel', Food Bioscience, vol. 69, pp. 106887-106887.
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Szyszka, TN, Siddiquee, R, Loustau, A, Adamson, LSR, Rennie, C, Huang, T, Young, R, Care, A & Lau, YH 2025, 'High‐Fidelity In Vitro Packaging of Diverse Synthetic Cargo into Encapsulin Protein Cages', Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol. 64, no. 23.
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AbstractCargo‐filled protein cages are powerful tools in biotechnology with demonstrated potential as catalytic nanoreactors and vehicles for targeted drug delivery. While endogenous biomolecules can be packaged into protein cages during their expression and self‐assembly inside cells, synthetic cargo molecules are typically incompatible with live cells and must be packaged in vitro. Here, we report a fusion‐based in vitro assembly method for packaging diverse synthetic cargo into encapsulin protein cages that outperforms standard in cellulo assembly, producing cages with superior uniformity and thermal stability. Fluorescent dyes, proteins and cytotoxic drug molecules can all be selectively packaged with high efficiency via a peptide‐mediated targeting process. The exceptional fidelity and broad compatibility of our in vitro assembly platform enables generalisable access to cargo‐filled protein cages that host novel synthetic functionality for diverse biotechnological applications.
Tang, J, Bibi, N, Liu, Y, You, S, Yao, H, Liu, Y, Hua, Q, Shen, B, Ding, J, Zhao, N, Liu, P & Wang, B 2025, 'Stepwise recovery of metal element from blast-furnace magnesium slag by hydrometallurgy', Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, vol. 64, no. 3, pp. 1550-1562.
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Tang, J, Zhang, Z, Ge, T, Huang, J, Wang, Y, Shi, M, Liu, Y, Wang, B & Liu, P 2025, 'Development and application of vegetable oil-based polyurethane coated fertilizers', Chemical Engineering Science, vol. 301, pp. 120705-120705.
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Tang, P-W, Lin, C-H, Huang, J-K & Huete, AR 2025, 'A Quantum-Empowered SPEI Drought Forecasting Algorithm Using Spatially Aware Mamba Network', IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol. 63, pp. 1-18.
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Tang, TW, Ritika, R, Tamtaji, M, Liu, H, Hu, Y, Liu, Z, Galligan, PR, Xu, M, Shen, J, Wang, J, You, J, Li, Y, Chen, G, Aharonovich, I & Luo, Z 2025, 'Structured-Defect Engineering of Hexagonal Boron Nitride for Identified Visible Single-Photon Emitters', ACS Nano, vol. 19, no. 9, pp. 8509-8519.
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Tarsitano, M, Liu Chung Ming, C, Bennar, L, Mahmodi, H, Wyllie, K, Idais, D, Al Shamery, W, Paolino, D, Cox, TR, Kabakova, I, Ralph, P & Gentile, C 2025, 'Chlorella-enriched hydrogels protect against myocardial damage and reactive oxygen species production in an in vitro ischemia/reperfusion model using cardiac spheroids', Biofabrication, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 015006-015006.
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Abstract Microalgae have emerged as promising photosynthetic microorganisms for biofabricating advanced tissue constructs, with improved oxygenation and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, their use in the engineering of human tissues has been limited due to their intrinsic growth requirements, which are not compatible with human cells. In this study, we first formulated alginate–gelatin (AlgGel) hydrogels with increasing densities of Chlorella vulgaris. Then, we characterised their mechanical properties and pore size. Finally, we evaluated their effects on cardiac spheroid (CS) pathophysiological response under control and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) conditions. Our results showed that the addition of Chlorella did not affect AlgGel mechanical properties, while the mean pore size significantly decreased by 35% in the presence of the 107 cells ml−1 microalgae density. Under normoxic conditions, the addition of 107 Chlorella cells ml−1 significantly reduced CS viability starting from 14 d in. No changes in pore size nor CS viability were measured for hydrogels containing 105 and 106 Chlorella cells ml−1. In our I/R model, all Chlorella-enriched hydrogels reduced cardiac cell sensitivity to hypoxic conditions with a corresponding reduction in ROS production, as well as protected against I/R-induced reduction in cell viability. Altogether, our results support a promising use of Chlorella-enriched Alg–Gel hydrogels for cardiovascular tissue engineering.
Tian, J, Song, Y, Hao, X, Wang, X, Shen, Y, Liu, P, Wei, Z, Liao, T, Jiang, L, Guo, J, Xu, B & Sun, Z 2025, 'Greatly Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell and Zn‐Air Battery via Hole Inner Edge Reconstruction of 2D Pd Nanomesh', Advanced Materials, vol. 37, no. 1.
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AbstractPlatinum group metals (PGM) have yet to be the most active catalysts in various sustainable energy reactions. Their high cost, however, has made maximizing the activity and minimizing the dosage become an urgent priority for the practical applications of emerging technologies. Herein, a novel 2D Pd nanomesh structure possessing hole inner reconstructed edges (HIER) with exposed high energy facets and overstretched lattice parameters is fabricated through a facile room‐temperature reduction method at gram‐scale yields. The HIER enhances the catalytic performance of Pd in electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), achieving superior mass activity (MA) of 2.672 A mgPd−1, which is 27.8 fold and 23.6 fold higher, respectively, than those of the commercial Pt/C (0.096 A mgPt−1) and Pd/C (0.113 A mgPd−1) at 0.9 VRHE. Most significantly, in H2‐air anion exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC) and Zn‐air battery (ZAB) applications, this unique Pd catalyst delivers a much‐outperformed peak power density of 0.86 and 0.22 W cm−2, respectively, compared with 0.54 and 0.13 W cm−2 of the commercial Pt/C catalyst, indicating a novel pathway in electrocatalyst designs through HIER engineering.
Tobin, LA, Abu Sabah, E, Lebreton, F, Myers, GSA, McGann, PT & Hamidian, M 2025, 'Genomic analysis of early ST32 Acinetobacter baumannii strains recovered in US military treatment facilities reveals distinct lineages and links to the origins of the Tn6168 ampC transposon', Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol. 80, no. 3, pp. 666-675.
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Abstract Objectives To study the population structure and genomic characteristics, including antimicrobial resistance genes, plasmid types and surface polysaccharide type, of the globally distributed Acinetobacter baumannii belonging to ST32 (Institut Pasteur scheme). Methods Antibiotic resistance phenotype for 19 antibiotics was determined using Vitek 2. Whole-genome sequencing was performed using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Genomes were assembled using Newbler. Phylogenetic analysis was done by determining the core-genome alignments using Panaroo v1.3, analysed in IQ-Tree2 v2.2.0.3 to construct Maximum Likelihood trees using the RaxML software. Resistance genes and IS were identified using the Abricate programme, and ISFinder databases. Results One hundred and thirty-three (n = 133) ST32 A. baumannii isolates were analysed in this study. These genomes originated mainly from US military treatment facilities (n = 113), but also included additional publicly available genomes in GenBank (n = 20) recovered from a broad geographic distribution extending to Asia and South America. Phylogenetic analysis of all 133 genomes revealed at least four clades, with over 80 genomes forming a tightly clustered branch, suggesting they are likely to represent outbreak strains. Analysis of the ampC region showed that ST32 strains played a significant role in the formation of the widely distributed ampC transposon, Tn6168, and supplying DNA segments containing an ISAba1-ampC from ST32s via homologous recombination.
Tokhanbigli, S, Salami Ghaleh, S, Rahimian, K, Mahmanzar, M, Bayat, S, Ahangarzadeh, S, Moradi, B, Mahmanzar, R, Wang, Y, Oliver, BGG & Deng, Y 2025, 'Intersecting SARS-CoV-2 spike mutations and global vaccine efficacy against COVID-19', Frontiers in Immunology, vol. 16, p. 1435873.
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In line with encountering the world with the emergence of vaccine-resistance variants of SARS-CoV-2, 15,669,529 samples that received COVID-19 vaccines until April 2023 were investigated as two doses in the first phase and booster vaccinations in the second phase. The analysis shows that D614G and P681 mutations occurred in both phases. The E484 and Y655 mutations significantly emerged during the second phase. The 762-889 and 254-381 regions are revealed as conserved parts and could be considered in vaccine design. The Kruskal–Wallis test revealed a significant reduction in single mutations between populations with 20%–50% and those with 70%–100% vaccination coverage (p=0.017). The Mann–Whitney U test proposes a link between vaccination and suppression of viral mutation rates. Dynamic modeling suggests that key mutations have facilitated the virus’ evolution and immune escape. The study’s findings are crucial for understanding virus genome mutations, especially E614 and P681 in Delta and E484 and H655 in Omicron. This highlights the need to adjust strategies and strengthen global efforts in combating the pandemic.
Tou, K, Cawley, A, Noble, G, Loy, J, Bishop, D, Keledjian, J, Sornalingam, K, Richards, S & Fu, S 2025, 'Lipid and Corticosteroid Biomarkers Under the Influence of Bisphosphonates', Drug Testing and Analysis, vol. 17, no. 7, pp. 1107-1117.
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ABSTRACTDetecting the use of bisphosphonates (BPs) in equine athletes is of interest to regulators and laboratories due to the threat to welfare issues for the potential to provide analgesic effects and manipulating bone structure. The detection of BPs in biological matrices is challenging due to erratic biological elimination and inconsistent analytical recoveries. Therefore, complementary approaches are needed to provide evidence of their misuse in racehorses. BPs have two sub‐classes: nitrogenous and non‐nitrogenous. This study investigated plasma elimination following administration of one example from each sub‐class, together with changes in endogenous eicosanoid and corticosteroids. Zoledronic acid (ZA) and tiludronic acid (TA) were administered by IV infusion to 8 thoroughbred horses with an 11‐month washout period between each administration. Sample preparation for quantification of BPs by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) utilised a two‐step solid phase extraction (SPE) consisting of polymeric reversed‐phase followed by weak anion exchange prior to derivatisation using trimethyl orthoacetate. Endogenous biomarkers were analysed after protein precipitation and SPE with polymeric reversed‐phase prior to liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry (LC‐HRMS) using data independent acquisition. The LC–MS/MS analysis showed ZA was undetectable after 8 h post‐administration while TA was detected up to the final collection point of 28 days post‐administration. The LC‐HRMS analysis utilised targeted (i.e., prior inclusion list of compounds) approaches to monitor level changes of eicosanoid and corticosteroid biomarkers. Putative biomarkers were identified and now subject to validation for translation into routine sample analysis for improved retrospectivity to detecting BP misuse in equine plasma.
Townsend, KD 2025, 'Normalizers of Sylow subgroups in finite reflection groups', Communications in Algebra, vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 1841-1855.
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Trapp, J, Mahmodi, H, Wende, M, McAlary, L, Ooi, L, Li, J, McLaughlin, RA, Herkommer, A, Toulouse, A & Kabakova, I 2025, 'Dual fiber probe with 3D-printed micro-lens for Brillouin microscopy', APL Photonics, vol. 10, no. 4.
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Brillouin spectroscopy is a powerful technique for non-invasive micromechanical analysis of biological materials such as tissues and cells. Conventional bulk-optical Brillouin spectroscopy systems, however, face challenges in translation to endoscopic applications due to strong parasitic background signals using single optical fibers. To overcome this issue, dual fiber approaches have been proposed, but they suffer from poor overlap of excitation and collection beam paths. In this work, we present a dual fiber-integrated probe with a tip diameter below 300 μm. Using tailored freeform 3D-printed micro-optics, we achieve a precise overlap of the foci to map mechanical properties with a resolution below 10 μm in lateral and 45 μm in axial direction. We detail the probe's design, fabrication, and optical simulations and present experimental results demonstrating high-resolution Brillouin measurements from polymer and protein solution samples. Our findings indicate that this dual fiber probe could significantly advance fiber-integrated Brillouin spectroscopy, with promising applications in materials science and biomedical diagnostics.
Tsoneva, DK, Buzova, D, Bianco, S, Mazza, T, Cerveny, J, Yotov, Y, Kisheva, A & Vinciguerra, M 2025, 'Circulating Histone Profiles Discriminate Heart Failure Patients With Preserved Versus Reduced Ejection Fraction', Journal of Cardiac Failure, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 331-332.
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Tsoneva, DK, Buzova, D, Bianco, SD, Kisheva, A, Rushid, M, Ivanova, T, Yotov, Y, Cerveny, J, Mazza, T & Vinciguerra, M 2025, 'Histone H2A: a promising diagnostic marker in heart failure with reduced versus preserved ejection fraction', Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, vol. 480, no. 7, pp. 4343-4354.
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Umashankar, B, Pazderka, C, York, E, King, A, Rahman, MK, Choucair, H, Bourget, K, Gale, PA, Rawling, T & Murray, M 2025, 'Mitochondrial targeting and anticancer cell killing by arylurea-fatty acids containing in-chain sulfur atoms', Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 114, no. 9, pp. 103933-103933.
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Urmi, UL, Vijay, AK, Kuppusamy, R, Attard, S, Hartmann, LM, Bridge, S, Soundararajan, S, Holt, SA, Sarwat, S, Islam, S, Cranfield, CG, Kumar, N & Willcox, MDP 2025, 'Synergistic effects of peptide mimics against enveloped viruses', Virology, vol. 610, pp. 110599-110599.
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Vala, V, Yadav, R, Jyoti, B, Salem, A, Roul, AK, Potdar, R, Srivastava, A & Elbeltagi, A 2025, 'Development, optimization and modelling of performance parameters for remote-controlled mechatronic precision planter using RSM and Hybrid PSO-ANN model', Smart Agricultural Technology, vol. 11, pp. 100993-100993.
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Van der Meersch, V, Armstrong, E, Mouillot, F, Duputié, A, Davi, H, Saltré, F & Chuine, I 2025, 'Paleorecords Reveal Biological Mechanisms Crucial for Reliable Species Range Shift Projections Amid Rapid Climate Change', Ecology Letters, vol. 28, no. 2.
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ABSTRACTThe recent acceleration of global climate warming has created an urgent need for reliable projections of species distributions, widely used by natural resource managers. Such projections have been mainly produced by species distribution models with little information on their performances in novel climates. Here, we hindcast the range shifts of forest tree species across Europe over the last 12,000 years to compare the reliability of three different types of models. We show that in the most climatically dissimilar conditions, process‐explicit models (PEMs) tend to outperform correlative species distribution models (CSDMs), and that PEM projections are likely to be more reliable than those made with CSDMs by the end of the 21st century. These results demonstrate for the first time the often promoted albeit so far untested idea that explicit description of mechanisms confers model robustness, and highlight a new avenue to increase model projection reliability in the future.
van der Ploeg, EA, Faiz, A, Teitsma, GJ, Brotons, AS, Govorukhina, N, Sand, JMB, Leeming, DJ, Melgert, BN, Horvatovich, P, Burgess, JK & Gan, CT 2025, 'It takes two: Aberrant repair and low-grade inflammation characterize bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation in serum proteomic analysis', JHLT Open, vol. 9, pp. 100303-100303.
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Violi, JP, Phillips, CR, Gertner, DS, Westerhausen, MT, Padula, MP, Bishop, DP & Rodgers, KJ 2025, 'Comprehensive untargeted polar metabolite analysis using solvent switching liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry', Talanta, vol. 287, pp. 127610-127610.
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Vo, PHN, Kim, M, Kuzhiumparambil, U, Hinkley, C, Hong, J, Zhang, T, Pernice, M, Cullen, PJ & Ralph, PJ 2025, 'Random mutagenesis using cold atmospheric plasma to produce mutant microalgae for hyper-recovery of rare earth elements from mining materials', Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 503, pp. 158512-158512.
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Voolstra, CR, Alderdice, R, Colin, L, Staab, S, Apprill, A & Raina, J-B 2025, 'Standardized Methods to Assess the Impacts of Thermal Stress on Coral Reef Marine Life', Annual Review of Marine Science, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 193-226.
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The Earth's oceans have absorbed more than 90% of the excess, climate change–induced atmospheric heat. The resulting rise in oceanic temperatures affects all species and can lead to the collapse of marine ecosystems, including coral reefs. Here, we review the range of methods used to measure thermal stress impacts on reef-building corals, highlighting current standardization practices and necessary refinements to fast-track discoveries and improve interstudy comparisons. We also present technological developments that will undoubtedly enhance our ability to record and analyze standardized data. Although we use corals as an example, the methods described are widely employed in marine sciences, and our recommendations therefore apply to all species and ecosystems. Enhancing collaborative data collection efforts, implementing field-wide standardized protocols, and ensuring data availability through dedicated, openly accessible databases will enable large-scale analysis and monitoring of ecosystem changes, improving our predictive capacities and informing active intervention to mitigate climate change effects on marine life.
Vuori, I, Gaiani, G, Arsın, S, Delbaje, E, Järn, J, Snårbacka, R, Couëdelo, A, Murukesan, G, Wahlsten, M, Jokela, J, Shishido, TK & Fewer, DP 2025, 'Direct Evidence of Microbial Sunscreen Production by Scum‐Forming Cyanobacteria in the Baltic Sea', Environmental Microbiology Reports, vol. 17, no. 1.
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ABSTRACTMycosporine‐like amino acids are water‐soluble secondary metabolites that protect photosynthetic microorganisms from ultraviolet radiation. Here, we present direct evidence for the production of these compounds in surface scums of cyanobacteria along the Baltic Sea coast. We collected 59 environmental samples from the southern coast of Finland during the summers of 2021 and 2022 and analysed them using high‐resolution liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Our results revealed the presence of microbial sunscreens in nearly all surface scum samples. Mycosporine‐like amino acids are synthesised through the coordinated action of four biosynthetic enzymes encoded in a compact biosynthetic pathway. Bioinformatics analysis of the mysB biosynthetic gene from a surface scum indicated that the cyanobacteria responsible for production belonged to the Anabaena/Dolichospermum/Aphanizomenon species complex. We mapped the distribution of biosynthetic enzymes onto a phylogenomic tree, utilising 120 bacterial single‐copy conserved genes from 101 draft or complete genomes within the species complex. This analysis showed that 48% of identified species possess the ability to produce these compounds, with biosynthetic pathways being most common in Dolichospermum and Aphanizomenon strains. We detected the production of porphyra‐334 and shinorine, two widely reported family members, in Dolichospermum strains isolated from the Gulf of Finland's surface layer. The estimated content of porphyra‐334 in Dolichospermum sp. UHCC 0684 was 7.4 mg per gram dry weight. Our results suggest that bloom‐forming cyanobacteria could be a potential source of these compounds for cosmetic and biotechnological applications and may play a significant role in cyanobacte...
Vyas, HKN, Hoque, MM, Xia, B, Alam, D, Cullen, PJ, Rice, SA & Mai-Prochnow, A 2025, 'Transcriptional signatures associated with the survival of Escherichia coli biofilm during treatment with plasma-activated water', Biofilm, vol. 9, pp. 100266-100266.
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Walczak, K, Piwczyński, M, Pape, T, Johnston, NP, Wallman, JF, Szpila, K & Grzywacz, A 2025, 'Unravelling phylogenetic relationships within the genus Lispe (Diptera: Muscidae) through genome-assisted and de novo analyses of RAD-seq data', Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, vol. 204, pp. 108291-108291.
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Wang, H, Wang, D, Jiang, H, Chen, X, Liu, X, Sun, B & Wang, Y 2025, 'Numerical simulation of lithium dendrite growth in lithium metal batteries: Effect of superimposed AC/DC electric fields on dendrites suppression', Journal of Power Sources, vol. 640, pp. 236721-236721.
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Wang, L, Wang, L, Wang, H, Dong, H, Sun, W, Lv, L, Yang, C, Xiao, Y, Wu, F, Wang, Y, Chou, S, Sun, B, Wang, G & Chen, S 2025, 'Progress and Perspective of High‐Entropy Strategy Applied in Layered Transition Metal Oxide Cathode Materials for High‐Energy and Long Cycle Life Sodium‐Ion Batteries', Advanced Functional Materials, vol. 35, no. 11.
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AbstractLayered transition metal oxide (LTMO) cathode materials of sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have shown great potential in large‐scale energy storage applications owing to their distinctive periodic layered structure and 2D ion diffusion channels. However, several challenges have hindered their widespread application, including phase transition complexities, interface instability, and susceptibility to air exposure. Fortunately, an impactful solution has emerged in the form of a high‐entropy doping strategy employed in energy storage research. Through the implementation of high‐entropy doping, LTMOs can overcome the aforementioned limitations, thereby elevating LTMO materials to a highly competitive and attractive option for next‐generation cathodes of SIBs. Thus, a comprehensive overview of the origins, definition, and characteristics of high‐entropy doping is provided. Additionally, the challenges associated with LTMOs in SIBs are explored, and discussed various modification methods to address these challenges. This review places significant emphasis on conducting a thorough analysis of the research advancements about high‐entropy LTMOs utilized in SIBs. Furthermore, a meticulous assessment of the future development trajectory is undertaken, heralding valuable research insights for the design and synthesis of advanced energy storage materials.
Wang, M, Kim, RY, Kohonen-Corish, MRJ, Chen, H, Donovan, C & Oliver, BG 2025, 'Particulate matter air pollution as a cause of lung cancer: epidemiological and experimental evidence', British Journal of Cancer, vol. 132, no. 11, pp. 986-996.
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Abstract Air pollution has a significant global impact on human health. Epidemiological evidence strongly suggests that airborne particulate matter (PM), the dust components of polluted air, is associated with increased incidence and mortality of lung cancer. PM2.5 (PM less than 2.5 µm) from various sources carries different toxic substances, such as sulfates, organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and heavy metals, which are considered major carcinogens that increase lung cancer risk. The incidence and mortality of lung cancer caused by PM2.5 exposure may be due to significant geographical differences, and can be influenced by various factors, including local sources of air pollution, socioeconomic conditions, and public health measures. This review aims to provide comprehensive insights into the health implications of air pollution and to inform strategies for lung cancer prevention, by summarising the relationship between exposure to PM2.5 and lung cancer development. We explore the different sources of PM2.5 and relevant carcinogenic mechanisms in the context of epidemiological studies on the development of lung cancer from various geographical regions worldwide.
Wang, Y, Bui, TA, Yang, X, Hutvagner, G & Deng, W 2025, 'Advancements in gene therapies targeting mutant KRAS in cancers', Cancer and Metastasis Reviews, vol. 44, no. 1.
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Abstract Mutations in the KRAS gene are well-known tumourigenic drivers of colorectal, pancreatic and lung cancers. Mechanistically, these mutations promote uncontrolled cell proliferation and alter the tumour microenvironment during early carcinoma stages. Given their critical carcinogenic functions, significant progress has been made in developing KRAS inhibitors for cancer treatment. However, clinical applications of these KRAS inhibitor compounds are limited to specific cancer types which carry the relevant KRAS mutations. Additionally, clinical findings have shown that these compounds can induce moderate to serious side effects. Therefore, new approaches have emerged focusing on the development of universal therapeutics capable of targeting a wider range of KRAS mutations, minimising toxicity and enhancing the therapeutic efficacy. This review aims to examine these therapeutic strategies in the context of cancer treatment. It firstly provides an overview of fundamental KRAS biology within the cell signalling landscape and how KRAS mutations are associated with cancer pathogenesis. Subsequently, it introduces the development of current KRAS inhibitors which target certain KRAS mutants in different types of cancer. It then explores the potential of gene therapy approaches, including siRNA, miRNA and CRISPR methodologies. Furthermore, it discusses the use of lipid-based nanocarriers to deliver gene cargos for targeting KRAS gene mutants. Finally, it provides the insights into the future prospects for combatting KRAS mutation-associated cancers. Graphical Abstract
Wang, Y, Jefferson, M, Ramos, M, Whelband, M, Kreuzer, K, Khuu, G, Lazarou, M, Mccoll, J, Lazenby, J, Whitchurch, CB, Verkade, P, Mayer, U & Wileman, T 2025, 'The TECPR1:ATG5-ATG12 complex conjugates LC3/ATG8 to damaged lysosomes that expose luminal glycans in response to osmotic imbalance', Autophagy Reports, vol. 4, no. 1.
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Watson, JL, Cho, K, Grisedale, K, Ward, J & McNevin, D 2025, 'Characterisation of identity-informative genetic markers in the Australian population with European ancestry', Forensic Science International: Genetics, vol. 74, pp. 103169-103169.
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Watson, JL, Grisedale, K, Coakley, L, McNevin, D & Ward, J 2025, 'Extended Kinship Inference Part 1: Evaluation of Short Tandem Repeats and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Using Likelihood Ratios and Haplotype Matching', Forensic Genomics, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 13-31.
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Watson, JL, Grisedale, K, Coakley, L, McNevin, D & Ward, J 2025, 'Extended Kinship Inference Part 2: Evaluation of the Impact of Information Loss on Likelihood Ratios and Haplotype Matching', Forensic Genomics, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 32-49.
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Webb, JR, Andersson, P, Sim, E, Zahedi, A, Donald, A, Hoang, T, Watt, AE, Agius, JE, Donato, CM, Cummins, ML, Zulfiqar, T, Nghiem, S, Lin, C, Menouhos, D, Leong, LEX, Baird, R, Kennedy, K, Cooley, L, Speers, D, Lim, CK, de Ligt, J, Ferdinand, A, Glass, K, Kirk, MD, Djordjevic, SP, Sloggett, C, Horan, K, Seemann, T, Sintchenko, V, Jennison, AV & Howden, BP 2025, 'Implementing a national programme of pathogen genomics for public health: the Australian Pathogen Genomics Program (AusPathoGen)', The Lancet Microbe, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 100969-100969.
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Wenger, A, Consiglio, A, Hohmann, H, Dürrnagel, M, O. von Rohr, F, Scammell, H, Ingham, J, Di Sante, D & Thomale, R 2025, 'Theory of unconventional magnetism in a Cu-based kagome metal'.
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Whitefield, B, Toth, M, Aharonovich, I, Tetienne, J & Kianinia, M 2025, 'Magnetic Field Sensitivity Optimization of Negatively Charged Boron Vacancy Defects in hBN.', Advanced Quantum Technologies, vol. 8, no. 4.
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AbstractOptically active spin defects in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) have recently emerged as compelling quantum sensors hosted by a two dimensional (2D) material. The photodynamics and sensitivity of spin defects are governed by their level structure and associated transition rates. These are, however, poorly understood for spin defects in hBN. Here, optical and microwave pump‐probe measurements are used to characterize the relaxation dynamics of the negatively charged boron vacancy (VB−)—the most widely‐studied spin defect in hBN. A 5‐level model is used to deduce transition rates that give rise to spin‐dependent VB− photoluminescence, and the lifetime of the VB− intersystem crossing metastable state. The obtained rates are used to simulate the magnetic field sensitivity of VB− defects and demonstrate high resolution imaging of the magnetic field generated by a single magnetic particle using optimal sensing parameters predicted by the model. The results reveal the rates that underpin VB− photodynamics, which is important for both a fundamental understanding of the VB− as a spin‐photon interface and for achieving optimal sensitivity in quantum sensing applications.
Williams, E, Gale, A, Horder, J, Scognamiglio, D, Toth, M & Aharonovich, I 2025, 'Quantum Emitters in Flux Grown hBN', Crystal Growth & Design, vol. 25, no. 7, pp. 2083-2089.
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Williams, NLR, Siboni, N, Potts, J, Scanes, P, Johnson, C, James, M, McCann, V, Reun, NL, King, WL & Seymour, JR 2025, 'Faecal contamination determines bacterial assemblages over natural environmental parameters within intermittently opened and closed lagoons (ICOLLs) during high rainfall', Water Research, vol. 268, pp. 122670-122670.
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Wong-Bajracharya, J, Webster, J, Rigano, LA, Kant, P, Englezou, A, Snijders, F, Agmon, D, Roach, R, Wang, C, Kehoe, M, Mann, R, Constable, FE, Donovan, NJ & Chapman, TA 2025, 'Development and validation of X-ComEC qPCR, a novel assay for accurate universal detection of both Xylella fastidiosa and Xylella taiwanensis', Australasian Plant Pathology, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 343-356.
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Abstract Xylella fastidiosa is a devastating plant pathogenic bacteria known for its broad host range, in contrast to the related species Xylella taiwanensis, which is only known to cause disease in Asian pears. Despite the potential threats they pose to Australian agriculture, diagnostic assays capable of detecting both Xylella species are scarce. Bridging this critical gap, this study presents the development of the X-ComEC qPCR assay that targets a genus-specific DNA sequence, enabling accurate generic detection of all Xylella species. Benchmarking this novel qPCR assay against other published Xylella qPCR assays demonstrated its superior performance. The X-ComEC qPCR assay stands out as the only assay that can accurately detect both X. fastidiosa and X. taiwanensis without cross-reactivity with related bacteria. We have also carried out a comprehensive inter-laboratory test performance study, which demonstrated that the X-ComEC qPCR and the qPCR described by Harper et al. (Development of LAMP and real-time PCR methods for the rapid detection of Xylella fastidiosa for quarantine and field applications; erratum 2013) are highly robust and ready to use in Australia. Combining these two assays into a duplex qPCR enables simultaneous detection and species-level identification of X. fastidiosa and X. taiwanensis. The findings of this study have been incorporated into the Australian National Diagnostic Protocol for Xylella detection, arming diagnostic laboratories with critical knowledge to combat these globally significant pathogens. Overall, the collabora...
Worden, P, Webster, A, Gandhi, K, Gupta, R, Deutscher, AT, Hornitzky, M & Bogema, DR 2025, 'Genomic diversity and tracing of Paenibacillus larvae in Australia: implications for American foulbrood outbreak surveillance in low-diversity populations', Microbial Genomics, vol. 11, no. 5.
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Paenibacillus larvae is the causative agent of American foulbrood (AFB) in honeybees (Apis mellifera) and a devastating pathogen for honey and pollination industries worldwide. Despite this threat, a genomic survey of P. larvae has not been attempted within Australia. To examine the diversity of Australian populations, we sequenced 368 P. larvae genomes sourced primarily from south-eastern Australia. Multilocus sequencing typing analysis identified only 4 sequence types across all 368 samples, with 2 sequence types (ST18 and ST5) representing 96% of all isolates. In comparison to European-sourced P. larvae, sequences revealed much less genetic diversity in Australian isolates. However, Australian genotypes were very similar to those found in New Zealand populations. All Australian isolates were identified as enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) type I. To determine the feasibility of a genomic tracing system in a low-diversity genetic background, we investigated core-genome SNP (cgSNP) genotyping of isolates from a single beekeeper and from isolates across multiple apiaries and sample sites. We identified highly related cgSNP clusters, one with known epidemiological links, but another highly related cluster spanned several decades. Results strongly suggest that cgSNP analysis does have the discriminatory power to assist in the trace-forward and trace-back of AFB outbreaks, but importantly, the inclusion of background sequences and careful consideration of multiple analysis methods are required to avoid erroneous conclusions.
Wu, HHL, Bhagavath, V, Nguyen, LT, Chinnadurai, R, Goldys, EM, Pollock, CA & Saad, S 2025, 'Association Between Glycemic Control and Complications With Concentration of Urinary Exfoliated Proximal Tubule Kidney Cells in People With Diabetes Mellitus', Journal of Diabetes Research, vol. 2025, no. 1.
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Background: Emerging evidence suggests cell exfoliation could be operating under the control of cell metabolism. It is unclear if there are associations between the concentration of exfoliated kidney proximal tubule cells (PTCs) in urine with glycemic control and complications. Our study is aimed at exploring this.Methods: Urine samples were collected from 122 adult study participants and stored at −80°C. Exfoliated PTCs were extracted from thawed urine using a validated specific immunomagnetic separation method based on anti‐CD13 and anti‐SGLT‐2 antibodies. The number of PTCs was assessed using brightfield microscopy. Study participants were grouped into those with no diabetes mellitus (DM) and those with DM. Individuals with DM were further subgrouped into those with and without retinopathy. Adjusted Poisson regression analysis was conducted for the DM cohort, investigating associations between demographic, clinical, and biochemical parameters with mean urinary exfoliated PTCs.Results: The adjusted Poisson regression analysis noted sex to have a significant association with mean number of urinary exfoliated PTCs, with a lower incidence rate in males compared to females (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.56, 95% CI 0.35–0.89, p = 0.014). Each 1% increase in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was associated with an increase of 1.03 times in mean exfoliated PTCs (IRR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.04, p = 0.007), and DM patients with retinopathy had an increase of 1.68 times in mean exfoliated PTCs compared to those without retinopathy (IRR 1.68, 95% CI 1.07–2.62, p = 0.024). No significant associations were observed with albuminuria or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).Conclusions: Our results indicate increased shedding of PTCs into the...
Wu, Q, Lee, CKF, Wang, JA, Zhao, Y, Song, G, Maeda, EE, Su, Y, Huete, A, Hughes, AC & Wu, J 2025, 'Improved assessment of post-fire recovery trajectory of forests in Amazon's protected areas', Remote Sensing of Environment, vol. 326, pp. 114802-114802.
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Wu, X, Lim, CED, Zheng, S & Zaslawski, C 2025, 'Effects of Needling Acupoint SI3 on Pressure Pain Threshold in Healthy Participants', Perspectives on Integrative Medicine, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 39-50.
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Background: There has been a surge in prescribing opioids for pain-related conditions and it has resulted in a prescription 'opioid epidemic.' It is critical for researchers and clinicians to explore nonpharmacological approaches to manage pain and mitigate the reliance on opioid analgesics. Acupuncture could be an effective therapy to modulate pain. This study examined the effects on regional pressure pain threshold (PPT) following needling of the Small Intestine 3 (SI3 -Houxi) acupoint in healthy participants.Methods: In a randomized, three-arm cross-over design study, 32 healthy participants enrolled between November 2018 and March 2019, received 3 different acupuncture interventions, in different sequences, to the right hand at SI3: (1) SI3 without manual manipulation (SI3m-); (2) SI3 with manual needle manipulation (SI3m+); and (3) sham laser, to assess changes in PPT following the interventions. The mean change in PPT was measured at 10 different regional acupoint sites using an algometer. All PPT scores were reported as a percentage change from the mean preintervention value, the mean of the 3 PPT measurements obtained prior to receiving the intervention.Results: The SI3m+ and SI3m- interventions for the 31 participants (drop out <i>n</i>=1), showed that the postintervention mean % PPT scores were significantly elevated compared to the control (sham laser; <i>p</i> < 0.001). The SI3m+ intervention significantly increased % PPT compared with the SI3m- intervention (<i>p</i> < 0.001).Conclusion: The needling intervention was an important contributor raising regional PPT in healthy participants.
Xiang, K, Wang, B, Liu, DL, Chen, C, Ji, F, Yang, Y, Li, S, Huang, M, Huete, A & Yu, Q 2025, 'Soil with high plant available water capacity can mitigate the risk of wheat growth under drought conditions in southeastern Australia', European Journal of Agronomy, vol. 164, pp. 127460-127460.
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Xiao, C, Zaehle, S, Sitch, S, Duveiller, G, Pabon‐Moreno, DE, Walker, AP, Knauer, J, Maignan, F, Schmullius, C & Bastos, A 2025, 'Deforestation Increases Vegetation Vulnerability to Drought Across Biomes', Global Biogeochemical Cycles, vol. 39, no. 5.
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AbstractLand use and land cover changes have altered terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage, but their impacts on ecosystem sensitivity to drought and temperature fluctuations have not been evaluated spatially over the globe. We estimate drought and temperature sensitivities of ecosystems using vegetation greenness from satellite observations and vegetation biomass from dynamic global vegetation model (DGVM) simulations. Using a space‐for‐time substitution with satellite data, we first illustrate the effects of vegetation cover changes on drought and temperature sensitivity and compare them with the effects estimated from DGVMs. We also compare simulations forced by scenarios with and without land cover changes to estimate the historical land cover change effects. Satellite data and vegetation models both show that converting forests to grasslands results in a more negative or decreased positive sensitivity of vegetation greenness or biomass to drought. Significant variability exists among models for other types of land cover transitions. We identify substantial effects of historical land cover changes on drought sensitivity from model simulations with a generally positive direction globally. Deforestation can lead to either an increased negative sensitivity, as drought‐tolerant forests are replaced by grasslands based on model ensemble mean, or a decreased negative sensitivity, since forests under current land cover are predicted to exhibit greater drought resistance compared to those under pre‐industrial land cover. Overall, our findings emphasize the critical role of forests in maintaining ecosystem stability and resistance to drought and temperature fluctuations, thereby implying their importance in stabilizing the carbon stock under increasingly extreme climate conditions.
Xiao, J, Gao, H, Xiao, Y, Wang, S, Gong, C, Huang, Z, Sun, B, Dong, C-L, Guo, X, Liu, H & Wang, G 2025, 'A hydro-stable and phase-transition-free P2-type cathode with superior cycling stability for high-voltage sodium-ion batteries', Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 506, pp. 160010-160010.
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Xu, X, Lin, Y, Deng, Y, Liu, L, Wang, D, Tang, Q, Wang, C, Chen, X, Che, Y, Wyrsch, ER, Jarocki, VM, Djordjevic, SP & Zhang, T 2025, 'Ecological connectivity of genomic markers of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli in Hong Kong', Nature Communications, vol. 16, no. 1, p. 7319.
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Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a major contributor to the global burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). While the One Health concept emphasizes the connection of human, animal, and environmental health, genome-resolved and quantitatively integrated analyses of microbial exchange across ecological compartments remain limited. Here we show that E. coli populations from urban aquatic ecosystems in Hong Kong, representing human, animal, and environmental sources, exhibit close genetic relatedness. Using Nanopore long-read sequencing, we generated near-complete genomes for 1016 E. coli isolates collected over one year. These isolates encompassed all main phylogroups, 223 sequence types, 141 antibiotic resistance gene subtypes, and 2647 circular plasmids. 142 clonal strain-sharing events were detected between human-associated and environmental water samples. Additionally, 195 plasmids were shared across all three source-attributed sectors. Conjugation assays confirmed that several plasmids were functionally transmissible across ecological boundaries. To quantify these patterns, we established a genomic framework integrating sequence type similarity, genetic relatedness, and clonal sharing to assess ecological connectivity. Our results indicate that ecological connectivity may facilitate AMR dissemination, highlighting the importance of integrated strategies to monitor and manage resistance risks across sectors within the One Health framework.
Xue, J, Huete, A, Liu, Z, Gao, S & Lu, X 2025, 'A lightweight SIF-based crop yield estimation model: A case study of Australian wheat', Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, vol. 364, pp. 110439-110439.
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Yamamura, K, An, S, Zhigulin, I, Kianinia, M, Wu, Y, Dong, Z & Aharonovich, I 2025, 'Toward Emission Enhancement of Blue Emitters in hBN Using Plasmonic Lattices', ACS Applied Optical Materials, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 64-69.
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Yamamura, K, Coste, N, Zeng, HZJ, Toth, M, Kianinia, M & Aharonovich, I 2025, 'Quantum efficiency of the B-center in hexagonal boron nitride', Nanophotonics, vol. 14, no. 11, pp. 1715-1720.
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Abstract B-centers in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) are gaining significant research interest for quantum photonics applications due to precise emitter positioning and highly reproducible emission wavelengths at 436 nm. Here, we leverage the layered nature of hBN to directly measure the quantum efficiency (QE) of single B-centers. The defects were engineered in a 35 nm flake of hBN using electron beam irradiation, and the local dielectric environment was altered by transferring a 250 nm hBN flake on top of the one containing the emitters. By analyzing the resulting change in measured lifetimes, we determined the QE of B-centers in the thin flake of hBN. Additionally, we propose two approaches to quantify the QE of B-centers in thick flakes of hBN. Our results indicate that B-centers located in thin flakes can exhibit QEs higher than 40 %. Near-unity QEs are achievable under reasonable Purcell enhancement for emitters embedded in thick flakes of hBN, highlighting their promise for quantum photonics applications.
Yan, J, Han, VX, Jones, HF, Couttas, TA, Jieu, B, Leweke, FM, Lee, J, Loi, C, Webster, R, Kothur, K, Menezes, MP, Antony, J, Kandula, T, Cardamone, M, Patel, S, Bandodkar, S & Dale, RC 2025, 'Cerebrospinal fluid metabolomics in autistic regression reveals dysregulation of sphingolipids and decreased β-hydroxybutyrate', eBioMedicine, vol. 114, pp. 105664-105664.
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Yang, J, Teckentrup, L, Inbar, A, Knauer, J, Jiang, M, Medlyn, B, Price, O, Bradstock, R & Boer, MM 2025, 'Predicting sub‐continental fuel hazard under future climate and rising atmospheric CO2 concentration', Journal of Applied Ecology, vol. 62, no. 5, pp. 1309-1322.
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AbstractBushfire fuel hazard is determined by the type, amount, density and three‐dimensional distribution of plant biomass and litter. The fuel hazard represents a biological control on fire danger and may change in the future with plant growth patterns. Rising atmospheric CO2 concentration (Ca) stimulates plant productivity (‘fertilisation effect’) but also alters climate, leading to a ‘climatic effect’. Both effects have impacts on future vegetation and thus fuel hazard. Quantifying these effects is an important component of predicting future fire regimes and evaluating fire management options.Here, we combined a machine learning algorithm that incorporates the power of large fine spatial resolution (i.e. 90 m) datasets with a novel optimality model that accounts for the climatic and fertilisation effects on vegetation cover. We demonstrated the usefulness and practicality of this framework by predicting fuel hazard across the state of Victoria in Australia. We fitted and evaluated the models with long‐term (i.e. 20 years), ground‐based fuel observations.The models achieved strong agreement with observations across the fuel hazard range (accuracy >65%). We found fuel hazard increased more in dry environments due to future climate and Ca. The contribution of the ‘fertilisation effect’ to future fuel hazard varied spatially by up to 12%.The predictions of future fuel hazard are directly useful to inform fire mitigation policies and as a reference for climate model projections to account for fire impacts.Synthesis and applications: Climate change and rising Ca have pr...
Yang, Q, Wang, B, Meng, X, Ma, T, Qian, Z, Cai, X, Sun, X, Xu, Y, Luo, Q, Yang, T, Tao, H, Qian, Y, Shao, J & Ye, Z 2025, 'Unveiling the BRAF fusion structure variations through DNA and RNA sequencing', British Journal of Cancer, vol. 132, no. 12, pp. 1177-1187.
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Yang, T, Shen, T, Liang, Y, Fang, M, Wu, H, Sheng, O, Chen, H, Dong, C, Ji, H, Zhang, J, Zheng, R, Liu, H, Wang, G & Zhang, X 2025, 'Synergistic regulation of de-solvation effect and planar deposition via in-situ interface engineering for ultra-stable dendrite-free Zn-ion batteries', Energy Storage Materials, vol. 80, pp. 104411-104411.
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Yang, X, Wang, C, Xue, Y, Zhang, Y, Zheng, M, Sun, Q, Long, S, Wang, D, Yan, J, Liao, X, Zhang, T, Cao, L, Chen, Y, Ju, W, Zhang, J, Gao, M, Zhao, Y, Luu, LDW, Pan, J, Wang, Y & Wang, G 2025, 'Clinical outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and active tuberculosis co-infection in Beijing China: A retrospective single-center descriptive study', Infectious Medicine, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 100169-100169.
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Yang, Y, Chen, H, Huang, S, Chen, H, Verkhratsky, A, Niu, J, Qu, Y & Yi, C 2025, 'BOK-engaged mitophagy alleviates neuropathology in Alzheimer’s disease', Brain, vol. 148, no. 2, pp. 432-447.
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Abstract Mitochondrial malfunction associated with impaired mitochondrial quality control and self-renewal machinery, known as mitophagy, is an under-appreciated mechanism precipitating synaptic loss and cognitive impairments in Alzheimer’s disease. Promoting mitophagy has been shown to improve cognitive function in Alzheimer’s disease animals. However, the regulatory mechanism was unclear, which formed the aim of this study. Here, we found that a neuron-specific loss of Bcl-2 family member BOK in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice is closely associated with mitochondrial damage and mitophagy defects. We further revealed that BOK is the key to the Parkin-mediated mitophagy through competitive binding to the MCL1/Parkin complex, resulting in Parkin release and translocation to damaged mitochondria to initiate mitophagy. Furthermore, overexpressing bok in hippocampal neurons of APP/PS1 mice alleviated mitophagy and mitochondrial malfunction, resulting in improved cognitive function. Conversely, the knockdown of bok worsened the aforementioned Alzheimer’s disease-related changes. Our findings uncover a novel mechanism of BOK signalling through regulating Parkin-mediated mitophagy to mitigate amyloid pathology, mitochondrial and synaptic malfunctions, and cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease, thus representing a promising therapeutic target.
Yang, Y, Jeon, Y, Dong, Z, Yang, JKW, Haddadi Moghaddam, M, Kim, D-S, Oh, DK, Lee, J, Hentschel, M, Giessen, H, Kang, D, Kim, G, Tanaka, T, Zhao, Y, Bürger, J, Maier, SA, Ren, H, Jung, W, Choi, M, Bae, G, Chen, H, Jeon, S, Kim, J, Lee, E, Kang, H, Park, Y, Du Nguyen, D, Kim, I, Cencillo-Abad, P, Chanda, D, Jing, X, Liu, N, Martynenko, IV, Liedl, T, Kwak, Y, Nam, J-M, Park, S-M, Odom, TW, Lee, H-E, Kim, RM, Nam, KT, Kwon, H, Jeong, H-H, Fischer, P, Yoon, J, Kim, S-H, Shim, S, Lee, D, Pérez, LA, Qi, X, Mihi, A, Keum, H, Shim, M, Kim, S, Jang, H, Jung, YS, Rossner, C, König, TAF, Fery, A, Li, Z, Aydin, K, Mirkin, CA, Seong, J, Jeon, N, Xu, Z, Gu, T, Hu, J, Kwon, H, Jung, H, Alijani, H, Aharonovich, I, Kim, J & Rho, J 2025, 'Nanofabrication for Nanophotonics', ACS Nano, vol. 19, no. 13, pp. 12491-12605.
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Nanofabrication, a pivotal technology at the intersection of nanoscale engineering and high-resolution patterning, has substantially advanced over recent decades. This technology enables the creation of nanopatterns on substrates crucial for developing nanophotonic devices and other applications in diverse fields including electronics and biosciences. Here, this mega-review comprehensively explores various facets of nanofabrication focusing on its application in nanophotonics. It delves into high-resolution techniques like focused ion beam and electron beam lithography, methods for 3D complex structure fabrication, scalable manufacturing approaches, and material compatibility considerations. Special attention is given to emerging trends such as the utilization of two-photon lithography for 3D structures and advanced materials like phase change substances and 2D materials with excitonic properties. By highlighting these advancements, the review aims to provide insights into the ongoing evolution of nanofabrication, encouraging further research and application in creating functional nanostructures. This work encapsulates critical developments and future perspectives, offering a detailed narrative on the state-of-the-art in nanofabrication tailored for both new researchers and seasoned experts in the field.
Yergeau, S, Lam, R, Hockey, D & Moret, S 2025, 'The assessment of Solstice® PF as a carrier solvent for amino acid sensitive fingermark development techniques', Forensic Science International, vol. 370, pp. 112447-112447.
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Younis, C, Camp, EF, Raina, J-B, Cresswell, T & Gissi, F 2025, 'Effects of selenium on the model cnidarian Exaiptasia diaphana and its symbiotic algae', Aquatic Toxicology, vol. 287, pp. 107495-107495.
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Characterising toxicity thresholds for coral reefs is essential for understanding and safeguarding these ecosystems. Coral reefs are highly sensitive to environmental changes, including pollutants and increased trace element concentrations. Corals and other cnidarians form symbiotic associations with photosynthetic algae (Symbiodiniaceae) allowing for diverse nutrient acquisition methods and effective nutrient transformation and recycling between the host animal and their Symbiodiniaceae. Selenium (Se), an essential element, supports crucial physiological functions in marine taxa but it can become toxic at elevated concentrations. Currently, Se exposure thresholds for cnidarians and Symbiodiniaceae remain unknown. To assess the impact of high inorganic Se concentrations on cnidarians and Symbiodiniaceae, we conducted toxicity tests using the model sea anemone, Exaiptasia diaphana, exposing individuals to Se-enriched seawater using Na2SeO3 (76 - 1100 µg Se/L) for 96 h. Mortality occurred in the highest concentration of Se (1100 µg/L) for all replicates, but 100 % survival was recorded in all lower concentrations, including 570 µg/L. This latter concentration exceeded environmentally relevant levels, negating the need to acquire more refined mortality data. In addition, decreases in oral disk and reduced tentacle length at higher Se exposures indicated potential sublethal effects and physiological stress where E. diaphana exposed to concentrations ranging from 245- 570 µg/L decreasing in size by ∼15-20 %. These findings contribute to our understanding of cnidarian physiology and stress responses, highlighting the importance of trace elements in coral reef environments. This knowledge is crucial for developing effective management strategies to protect and preserve vital ecosystems in the face of environmental challenges.
Yu, XF, Lim, CED & Chen, H 2025, 'The role of vitamin D in glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes—A pilot D4D trial', Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 428-431.
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Zaarour, L, Padula, M, van Oorschot, RAH & McNevin, D 2025, 'Mass spectrometry-based proteomics for source-level attribution after DNA extraction', Forensic Science International: Genetics, vol. 74, pp. 103168-103168.
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Zakarya, R, Chan, YL, Wang, B, Thorpe, A, Xenaki, D, Ho, KF, Guo, H, Chen, H, Oliver, B & O'Neill, C 2025, 'An Epigenetic Association Between Heightened Airway Hyperreactivity and Maternal Exposure to Particulate Air Pollution', American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, vol. 211, no. Abstracts, pp. A5270-A5270.
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Zalogina, A, Li, C, Zhigulin, I, Coste, N, Alijani, H, Schaeper, OC, Charlton, H, Ward, J, Ren, H & Aharonovich, I 2025, 'An Inverse-Design Wavelength Demultiplexer for On-Chip Photoluminescence Sorting in TMDC Heterostructures', ACS Photonics, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 3901-3908.
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Zerouali, B, Ayek, AAE, Bailek, N, Kuriqi, A, Wong, YJ, Srivastava, A, Islam, ARMT, Ouadja, A & Santos, CAG 2025, 'RUSLE model insights for soil conservation and sustainable land use in semiarid environments', Euro-Mediterranean Journal for Environmental Integration, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 853-876.
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Zhand, S, Goss, DM, Cheng, YY & Warkiani, ME 2025, 'Recent Advances in Microfluidics for Nucleic Acid Analysis of Small Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer', Advanced Healthcare Materials, vol. 14, no. 4.
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AbstractSmall extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are membranous vesicles released from cellular structures through plasma membrane budding. These vesicles contain cellular components such as proteins, lipids, mRNAs, microRNAs, long‐noncoding RNA, circular RNA, and double‐stranded DNA, originating from the cells they are shed from. Ranging in size from ≈25 to 300 nm and play critical roles in facilitating cell‐to‐cell communication by transporting signaling molecules. The discovery of sEVs in bodily fluids and their involvement in intercellular communication has revolutionized the fields of diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment, particularly in diseases like cancer. Conventional methods for isolating and analyzing sEVs, particularly their nucleic acid content face challenges including high costs, low purity, time‐consuming processes, limited standardization, and inconsistent yield. The development of microfluidic devices, enables improved precision in sorting, isolating, and molecular‐level separation using small sample volumes, and offers significant potential for the enhanced detection and monitoring of sEVs associated with cancer. These advanced techniques hold great promise for creating next‐generation diagnostic and prognostic tools given their possibility of being cost‐effective, simple to operate, etc. This comprehensive review explores the current state of research on microfluidic devices for the detection of sEV‐derived nucleic acids as biomarkers and their translation into practical point‐of‐care and clinical applications.
Zhang, D, Gao, H, Li, J, Sun, Y, Deng, Z, Yuan, X, Li, C, Chen, T, Peng, X, Wang, C, Xu, Y, Yang, L, Guo, X, Zhao, Y, Huang, P, Wang, Y, Wang, G & Liu, H 2025, 'Plasma-enhanced vacancy engineering for sustainable high-performance recycled silicon in lithium-ion batteries', Energy Storage Materials, vol. 77, pp. 104231-104231.
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Zhang, G, Gao, H, Zhang, D, Xiao, J, Sun, L, Li, J, Li, C, Sun, Y, Yuan, X, Huang, P, Xu, Y, Guo, X, Zhao, Y, Wang, Y, Xiao, Y, Wang, G & Liu, H 2025, 'Transformative Catalytic Carbon Conversion Enabling Superior Graphitization and Nanopore Engineering in Hard Carbon Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries', Carbon Energy, vol. 7, no. 6.
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ABSTRACTHard carbons are promising anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), but they face challenges in balancing rate capability, specific capacity, and initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE). Direct pyrolysis of the precursor often fails to create a suitable structure for sodium‐ion storage. Molecular‐level control of graphitization with open channels for Na+ ions is crucial for high‐performance hard carbon, whereas closed pores play a key role in improving the low‐voltage (< 0.1 V) plateau capacity of hard carbon anodes for SIBs. However, creation of these closed pores presents significant challenges. This work proposes a zinc gluconate‐assisted catalytic carbonization strategy to regulate graphitization and create numerous nanopores simultaneously. As the temperature increases, trace amounts of zinc remain as single atoms in the hard carbon, featuring a uniform coordination structure. This mitigates the risk of electrochemically irreversible sites and enhances sodium‐ion transport rates. The resulting hard carbon shows an excellent reversible capacity of 348.5 mAh g−1 at 30 mA g−1 and a high ICE of 92.84%. Furthermore, a sodium storage mechanism involving “adsorption–intercalation–pore filling” is elucidated, providing insights into the pore structure and dynamic pore‐filling process.
Zhang, H, Zhang, J, Hsu, CL, Hui, ES, Tse, K-H, Mak, HK-F & Shum, DHK 2025, 'Longitudinal effects of sex differences and apolipoprotein E genotype on white matter engagement among elderly', Brain Communications, vol. 7, no. 4.
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Abstract The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele is the primary genetic risk factor that influences lipid metabolism and contributes to distinctive Alzheimer's disease pathologies, including increased hippocampal atrophy and accelerated cognitive decline. Synaptic dysfunction can occur in APOE4 carriers even before the appearance of any clinical symptoms. Recent evidence has suggested that this genetic risk factor impacts males and females differently. The sex-specific vulnerability for females to cognitive decline, particularly memory, intensifies post-menopause and emphasizes the need for further investigation. White matter abnormalities, APOE4 allele and disruptions in default mode network connectivity serve as early indicators that are crucial for better understanding Alzheimer's disease progression. This study aims to explore relationships between biological sex, APOE4, default mode network-white matter activity and memory function as measured by the Selective Reminding Test. Participants were categorized by risk level on their APOE4 status. Using longitudinal data from the Harvard Aging Brain Study, we examined sex differences in default mode network-white matter engagement among older individuals with and without the APOE4 allele. Our findings demonstrated a significant reduction in default mode network-white matter activity in the right posterior corona radiata in the high-risk group compared to the low-risk group. High-risk females showed reduction in default mode network-white matter activity in the right superior longitudinal fasciculus, which positively correlated with free recall performance, compared to their low-risk counterparts. Unlike females, males showed no significant changes between the low- and high-risk groups. These results underscore the effectiveness of white matter engagement mapping in differentiating longitudinal changes in memory function related to the genetic risk factor APOE...
Zhang, L, Zhou, J, Shimoni, O, Wen, S, Alghalayini, A, Liu, Y, Rezaeishahmirzadi, M, Liao, J, Maddahfar, M, Hunt, R, Black, M, Johansen, MD, Hansbro, PM, Zhang, L, Stenzel, M, Warkiani, M, Valenzuela, SM & Jin, D 2025, 'A COVID‐19 rapid antigen test employing upconversion nanoparticles', Smart Molecules, vol. 3, no. 1.
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AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has underscored the critical need for rapid and accurate diagnostic tools. Current methods, including Polymerase Chain Reaction and rapid antigen tests (RAT), have limitations in speed, sensitivity, and the requirement for specialized equipment and trained personnel. Nanotechnology, particularly upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), offer a promising alternative due to their unique optical properties. UCNPs can convert low‐energy near‐infrared light into higher‐energy visible light, making them ideal for use as optical probes in single molecule detection and point of care applications. This study, initiated in early 2020, explores the opportunity of using highly doped UCNPs (40%Yb3+/4%Er3+) in lateral flow assay (LFA) for the early diagnosis of COVID‐19. The UCNPs‐based LFA testing demonstrated a minimum detection concentration of 100 pg/mL for SARS‐CoV‐2 antigen and 105 CCID50/mL for inactivated virus. Clinical trials, conducted in Malaysia and Western Australia independently, showed that the technique was at least 100 times more sensitive than commercial RAT kits, with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 91.94%. The development process involved multidisciplinary collaborations, resulting in the Virulizer device, an automated strip reader for point‐of‐care testing. This work sets a reference for future development of highly sensitive and quantitative RAT, aiming for the Limits of Detection in the range of sub‐ng/mL.
Zhao, H, Liao, J, Fu, S, Zi, Y, Bai, X, Ci, Y, Zhang, Y, Cai, X, Li, Y, Cun, Y, Huang, A, Liu, Y, Qiu, J, Song, Z, Li, G, Zhou, J & Yang, Z 2025, 'Direct 3D Lithography of Reversible Photochromic Patterns with Tunable Luminescence in Amorphous Transparent Media', ACS Energy Letters, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 1235-1244.
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Zhigulin, I, Park, G, Yamamura, K, Watanabe, K, Taniguchi, T, Toth, M, Kim, J & Aharonovich, I 2025, 'Electrical Generation of Color Centers in Hexagonal Boron Nitride', ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, vol. 17, no. 16, pp. 24129-24136.
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Zhou, C, Ding, Z, Ying, S, Jiang, H, Wang, Y, Fang, T, Zhang, Y, Sun, B, Tang, X & Liu, X 2025, 'Electrode/Electrolyte Optimization-Induced Double-Layered Architecture for High-Performance Aqueous Zinc-(Dual) Halogen Batteries', Nano-Micro Letters, vol. 17, no. 1.
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Abstract Aqueous zinc-halogen batteries are promising candidates for large-scale energy storage due to their abundant resources, intrinsic safety, and high theoretical capacity. Nevertheless, the uncontrollable zinc dendrite growth and spontaneous shuttle effect of active species have prohibited their practical implementation. Herein, a double-layered protective film based on zinc-ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid (ZEA) artificial film and ZnF2-rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer has been successfully fabricated on the zinc metal anode via electrode/electrolyte synergistic optimization. The ZEA-based artificial film shows strong affinity for the ZnF2-rich SEI layer, therefore effectively suppressing the SEI breakage and facilitating the construction of double-layered protective film on the zinc metal anode. Such double-layered architecture not only modulates Zn2+ flux and suppresses the zinc dendrite growth, but also blocks the direct contact between the metal anode and electrolyte, thus mitigating the corrosion from the active species. When employing optimized metal anodes and electrolytes, the as-developed zinc-(dual) halogen batteries present high areal capacity and satisfactory cycling stability. This work provides a new avenue for developing aqueous zinc-(dual) halogen batteries.
Zhu, J, Ma, H, Du, J, Fang, H, Cheng, YY, Xu, J, Pan, B & Song, K 2025, 'A coaxial 3D bioprinted hybrid vascular scaffold based on decellularized extracellular matrix/nano clay/sodium alginate bioink', International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, vol. 290, pp. 139056-139056.
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Zhu, Q, Raza, Z, Do‐Ha, D, De Costa, E, Sasheva, P, McAlary, L, Mahmodi, H, Bowen, WP, Ooi, L, Kabakova, I & Yu, H 2025, 'Biomolecular Condensates as Emerging Biomaterials: Functional Mechanisms and Advances in Computational and Experimental Approaches', Advanced Materials, p. e10115.
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AbstractBiomolecular condensates, a ubiquitous class of biomaterials found in living cells, have been shown to be responsible for key physiological processes, such as gene regulation, signal transduction, and stress response. Since their discovery, extensive efforts have been devoted to this field to better understand the underlying mechanisms using both computational and experimental techniques. While great progress has been achieved, the key challenges still exist. With advancements in computational power and methods and improvements in experimental precision, the gap between computation and experimentation is gradually narrowing. By integrating these approaches, researchers can elucidate the molecular mechanisms governing biomolecular condensates. This review summarizes the recent progress in utilizing computational and experimental techniques to study biomolecular condensates. Detailed discussions are provided on the key advantages and limitations of each technique, along with their successful applications to specific systems. Moreover, further discussions are focused on the possibility of utilizing biomolecular condensates as a versatile platform for drug delivery and novel bioreactor design with the help of these techniques. Finally, future directions are outlined for technique development to better understand the role of biomolecular condensates in health and disease and enable their applications as tunable biomaterials.
Zhu, X, Yu, D, Zhou, X, Wang, N, Liu, H, Liang, Z, Wu, C, Wang, K, Jin, D, Liu, S & Yang, D 2025, 'Interfacial molecular anchor for ambient all-bladed perovskite solar modules', Joule, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 101919-101919.
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Zhu, Y, Verkhratsky, A, Chen, H & Yi, C 2025, 'Understanding glucose metabolism and insulin action at the blood–brain barrier: Implications for brain health and neurodegenerative diseases', Acta Physiologica, vol. 241, no. 2.
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AbstractThe blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective, semipermeable barrier critical for maintaining brain homeostasis. The BBB regulates the transport of essential nutrients, hormones, and signaling molecules between the bloodstream and the central nervous system (CNS), while simultaneously protecting the brain from potentially harmful substances and pathogens. This selective permeability ensures that the brain is nourished and shielded from toxins. An exception to this are brain regions, such as the hypothalamus and circumventricular organs, which are irrigated by fenestrated capillaries, allowing rapid and direct response to various blood components. We overview the metabolic functions of the BBB, with an emphasis on the impact of altered glucose metabolism and insulin signaling on BBB in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Notably, endothelial cells constituting the BBB exhibit distinct metabolic characteristics, primarily generating ATP through aerobic glycolysis. This occurs despite their direct exposure to the abundant oxygen in the bloodstream, which typically supports oxidative phosphorylation. The effects of insulin on astrocytes, which form the glial limitans component of the BBB, show a marked sexual dimorphism. BBB nutrient sensing in the hypothalamus, along with insulin signaling, regulates systemic metabolism. Insulin modifies BBB permeability by regulating the expression of tight junction proteins, angiogenesis, and vascular remodeling, as well as modulating blood flow in the brain. The disruptions in glucose and insulin signaling are particularly evident in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, where BBB breakdown accelerates cognitive decline. This review highlights the critical role of normal glucose metabolism and insulin signaling in maintaining BBB functionality and investigates how disruptions in these pathways contribute to the onset an...
Zieger, M & Scudder, N 2025, 'Ethical and legal reflections on secondary research using genetic data acquired for criminal investigation purposes', Forensic Science International: Genetics, vol. 75, pp. 103178-103178.
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Zou, Y, Chen, W, Li, S, Wang, T, Yu, L, Zhang, X, Xu, M, Jiang, B, Wu, C, Singh, RP, Huete, A & Liu, C-Q 2025, 'Assessing vegetation dynamics and human impacts in natural and urban areas of China: Insights from remote sensing data', Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 373, pp. 123632-123632.
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