A Howard, E & S Dennis, E 1984, 'Transposable Elements in Maize the?Activator-Dissociation (Ac-Ds) System', Australian Journal of Biological Sciences, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 307-307.
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Although unstable mutants in maize (Zea mays) were described as early as 1914 (Emerson 1914, 1917, 1929; Rhoades 1936, 1938), the first explanation of such mutants in terms of transposable DNA was provided by Barbara McClintock's elegant series of experiments on the activator-dissociation (Ac-Ds) controlling-element system of maize (McClintock 1947,1948, 1951). McClintock demonstrated genetically thatAc and Ds were short regions of DNA which could move (transpose) from one chromosomal location to another. McClintock also established that Ds could transpose only in response to the action of Ac (i.e. both elements were required in the same nucleus for Ds transposition), and that Ac could transpose autonomously (i.e. in the absence of Ds). A total of eight transposable element systems have been recognized in maize, the best characterized of which are Ac(Mp)Ds, Spm and Robertson's mutator (reviewed in Fedoroff 1983; Nevers et al. 1984). All but Robertson's mutator occur as two-element systems, similar to Ac-Ds. Transposable elements have now been shown to be widespread in living organisms-occurring in prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes as well as other higher eukaryotes, including animals.
Arbustini, E, Jones, M, Moses, RD, Eidbo, EE, Carroll, RJ & Ferrans, VJ 1984, 'Modification by the hancock T6 process of calcification of bioprosthetic cardiac valves implanted in sheep', The American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 53, no. 9, pp. 1388-1396.
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BERTRAM, CD & MILTHORPE, BK 1984, 'OPTICAL ENDPOINT SENSING IN AN AUTOMATIC WHOLE-BLOOD CLOTTING TIMER', MEDICAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTING, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 401-405.
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Most clotting time estimations are performed manually, although attempts have been made previously to automate them. The two major methods for automatically detecting the formation of the gel-like clot are mechanical (viscometric) and optical. The latter is superior in terms of accuracy of timing and freedom from artefacts but can only be performed on blood plasma. This paper describes a device which combines centrifuging to remove red cells and optical sensing of clot formation into a single operation, therepy giving activated clotting times on a par with those obtained mechanically from whole blood. The system offers the advantage over mechanical sensing that no nondisposable parts come in contact with the blood thereby eliminating e major source of timing errors. The timer works with any liquid coagulation activator, and will also time plasma clotting. The two-chambered design of the cuvette allows the activator to be kept separate from the blood until rotor startup The start of centifugal action mixes the blood and activator and starts the time. Timing is stopped auto matically when the rate of increase of optical density in the plasma, owing to fibrin formation, reaches a predetermined fevel.
BOUX, HA, RAISON, RL, WALKER, KZ, MUSGROVE, E & BASTEN, A 1984, 'THE SURFACE EXPRESSION OF A TUMOR-ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN ON HUMAN KAPPA-MYELOMA CELLS', EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 216-222.
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Burchett, MD, Field, CD & Pulkownik, A 1984, 'Salinity, growth and root respiration in the grey mangrove, Avicennia marina', Physiologia Plantarum, vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 113-118.
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Carroll, RJ & Ruppert, D 1984, 'Comment', Journal of the American Statistical Association, vol. 79, no. 386, pp. 312-313.
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Carroll, RJ & Ruppert, D 1984, 'Power Transformations When Fitting Theoretical Models to Data', Journal of the American Statistical Association, vol. 79, no. 386, pp. 321-328.
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We investigate power transformations in nonlinear regression problems when there is a physical model for the response but little understanding of the underlying error structure. In such circumstances, and unlike the ordinary power transformation model, both the response and the model must be transformed simultaneously and in the same way. We show by an asymptotic theory and a small Monte Carlo study that for estimating the model parameters there is little cost for not knowing the correct transform a priori; this is in dramatic contrast to the results for the usual case where only the response is transformed. Possible applications of the theory are illustrated by examples. © 1984 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
CARROLL, RJ, SPIEGELMAN, CH, LAN, KKG, BAILEY, KT & ABBOTT, RD 1984, 'On errors-in-variables for binary regression models', Biometrika, vol. 71, no. 1, pp. 19-25.
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Cleland, DR, McDougald, SD & Oliver, JD 1984, 'Substrate Degradation and Pressure Tolerance of Free-Living and Attached Bacterial Populations in the Intestines of Shallow-Water Fish', Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 1243-1245.
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Bacterial populations attached to intestinal linings of shallow-water fish were compared to those free in the lumen for response to hydrostatic pressure and ability to degrade a variety of substrates. Results suggested that, unlike reports on gut-associated deep-sea bacteria, the two shallow-water populations were not significantly different in their pressure or substrate responsiveness.
DENNIS, ES & PEACOCK, WJ 1984, 'KNOB HETEROCHROMATIN HOMOLOGY IN MAIZE AND ITS RELATIVES', JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION, vol. 20, no. 3-4, pp. 341-350.
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DENNIS, ES, GERLACH, WL, PRYOR, AJ, BENNETZEN, JL, INGLIS, A, LLEWELLYN, D, SACHS, MM, FERL, RJ & PEACOCK, WJ 1984, 'MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF THE ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE (ADHL) GENE OF MAIZE', NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH, vol. 12, no. 9, pp. 3983-4000.
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DENNIS, ES, SACHS, MM, LLEWELLYN, D, ELLIS, J, HOWARD, E, HOWELLS, S, FINNEGAN, J, GERLACH, WL & PEACOCK, WJ 1984, 'EXPRESSION OF THE MAIZE ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE GENES', PROCEEDINGS OF THE AUSTRALIAN BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY, vol. 16, pp. S32-S32.
DOOLEY, AH & GAUDRY, GI 1984, 'AN EXTENSION OF DELEEUW THEOREM TO THE N-DIMENSIONAL ROTATION GROUP', ANNALES DE L INSTITUT FOURIER, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 111-135.
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Fandry, CB & Leslie, LM 1984, 'A Two-Layer Quasi-Geostrophic Model of Summer Trough Formation in the Australian Subtropical Easterlies', Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 807-818.
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Fandry, CB & Leslie, LM 1984, 'The effects of vertical shear and stratification on stationary rossby waves', Geophysical & Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics, vol. 29, no. 1-4, pp. 305-332.
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Fandry, CB, Leslie, LM & Steedman, RK 1984, 'Kelvin-Type Coastal Surges Generated by Tropical Cyclones', Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 582-593.
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FONG, D, WALLACH, M, KEITHLY, J, MELERA, PW & CHANG, KP 1984, 'DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION OF MESSENGER-RNAS FOR ALPHA-TUBULIN AND BETA-TUBULIN DURING DIFFERENTIATION OF THE PARASITIC PROTOZOAN LEISHMANIA-MEXICANA', PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, vol. 81, no. 18, pp. 5782-5786.
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Gauntlett, DJ, Leslie, LM & Logan, LW 1984, 'Numerical Experiments in Mesoscale Prediction over Southeast Australia', Monthly Weather Review, vol. 112, no. 6, pp. 1170-1182.
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HUETE, AR & MCCOLL, JG 1984, 'SOIL CATION LEACHING BY ACID-RAIN WITH VARYING NITRATE-TO-SULFATE RATIOS', JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 366-371.
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HUETE, AR, POST, DF & JACKSON, RD 1984, 'SOIL SPECTRAL EFFECTS ON 4-SPACE VEGETATION DISCRIMINATION', REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 155-165.
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The influence of soil background on vegetation discrimination in four-band reflectance space was examined. Dry and wet reflectance data were obtained for 20 soils covering a wide range in spectral properties with a hand-held radiometer. Principal components analysis was used to study the distribution of soil spectra in 4-space and to define a mean soil line. Soil-specific background lines were similarly derived and used to examine the overall cloud of soil spectra in individual soil form. Reflectance data from a full-canopy wheat plot were used to compute unit vector coefficients in the greenness direction from the mean soil line and from the individual soil lines. Analysis of the mean soil line showed that it was not possible to discriminate bare soil from low vegetation densities. Greenness measurements were shown to be sensitive to both soil type and soil moisture condition. In contrast, the use of individual soil lines as a base to measure greenness minimized soil background influence and improved vegetation assessment, particularly at low green plant canopy covers
Kelly, JJ & Notten, PHL 1984, 'Hole injection reactions and the potential distribution at the p-GaAs/electrolyte interface under anodic polarization', Electrochimica Acta, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 589-596.
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On the basis of a study of the kinetics of hole injection into the valence band of p-GaAs from oxidizing agents in solution, it is concluded that the Helmholtz potential of the electrode changes significantly at potentials near the flat-band value. Evidence supporting this observation was obtained from a study of the influence of illumination on the hole injection rate and from the results of impedance measurements. The possible nature of the change in the Helmholtz layer is discussed and the consequences of such a change for redox reactions at III-V electrodes are considered. © 1984.
Larkum, AWD, Collett, LC & Williams, RJ 1984, 'The standing stock, growth and shoot production of Zostera capricorni aschers. in Botany Bay, New South Wales, Australia', Aquatic Botany, vol. 19, no. 3-4, pp. 307-327.
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Zostera capricorni Aschers. occurs at many shallow sites in Botany Bay, with the exception of one 5-km section of exposed sandy beach; however, bed distribution is very patchy. Details are given for shoot and underground biomass (g fresh weight), shoot density, leaf length and leaf width at 20 representative sites around the Bay. Z. capricorni was found to grow best between -0.2 and -1.0 m, with a lower limit between -2.0 m (northern side) and -3.2 m (southern side). The mean percentage cover was determined for six large areas in the bay. Shoot biomass (g dry weight) was found to be logarithmically related to percentage cover, whereas shoot density (numbers m-2) was linearly related to percentage cover. Large seasonal changes occurred, with a winter die-back characterised by a 4-fold reduction in shoot biomass and a 2-fold reduction in shoot numbers. Flowering occurred from September to April. An equation is presented for determining the total above-ground stock for an area. The total summer above-ground stock of the bay was estimated at 18 ± 8.1 tonnes for a total area of beds of 309 ha. Mean annual leaf production was estimated to be 5.22 ± 0.52 gDW m-2 day-1 for a representative healthy bed at 0.3 m depth, and leaf plus flower production was 5.86 ± 0.59 gDW m-2 day-1. The total above-ground production for all the beds of the bay was estimated to be 512.7 ± 51.3 tonnes year-1, i.e. 1.66 ± 0.17 tonnes ha-1 year-1. © 1984.
Leitch, EC 1984, 'Island arc elements and arc-related ophiolites', Tectonophysics, vol. 106, no. 3-4, pp. 177-203.
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All major structural elements in island arc systems, fore-arc, magmatic arc, back-arc basins and remnant arcs, are potential ophiolite sources, and those features that allegedly characterise ophiolites of ocean-ridge origin, sheeted dyke complexes, mantling pelagic rocks, hydrothermal metamorphism and associated mineralization, can also arise within arc settings. Age relations are critical in the interpretation of arc-related ophiolites. Remnants of oceanic lithosphere, identified by a pre-arc initiation age, are restricted to fore-arc, magmatic arc and remnant arc elements, as are ophiolite masses generated at the inception of underthrusting. The latter, apparently common in ancient fore-arc terrains, form in nascent arc systems in which the rate of role back of the subduction hinge exceeds the rate of convergence. Spreading occurs above a foundering slab resulting in some arc-like compositional features. In simple arc systems later ophiolitic rocks have formed either in the active back-arc basin or the magmatic arc. Only those ophiolites that have resided within or very close behind magmatic arcs should show calcalkaline or arc tholeiite magmatic affinities, or be intruded or overlain by these rocks. Volcanic-derived sediment or pelagic material may mantle ophiolites from all arc settings, but pelagic rocks will generally dominate in stratigraphic sequences above remnant arcs and on back-arc basin floors except adjacent to the magmatic arc. Ophiolites generated at major ocean ridges are unlikely to be immediately overlain by sediment with a significant volcanic component whereas such detritus may lie directly on arc-inception, arc and back-arc ophiolites. Some arc-derived ophiolites are preserved in their original tectonic position, others can be identified from their internal features, their relationship to other tectonic elements, and the nature of associated rocks. © 1984.
Leitch, EC 1984, 'Marginal basins of the SW Pacific and the preservation and recognition of their ancient analogues: a review.', Marginal basin geology, pp. 97-108.
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Similarities are recognized between the present-day SW Pacific and the formative stage of the N American Cordillera. The Late Mesozoic palaeogeography of the W Alps resembles the complex of small ocean basins and continental fragments W of the Norfolk Ridge, and the Ordovician palaeogeography of central Newfoundland bears close resemblance to the assemblage of back-arc basins, remnant arcs and active arc E from the Norfolk Basin.-from Author
MCPHEDRAN, RC, BOTTEN, LC, MCKENZIE, DR & NETTERFIELD, RP 1984, 'UNAMBIGUOUS DETERMINATION OF OPTICAL-CONSTANTS OF ABSORBING FILMS BY REFLECTANCE AND TRANSMITTANCE MEASUREMENTS', APPLIED OPTICS, vol. 23, no. 8, pp. 1197-1205.
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Meador, AE & Ollendick, TH 1984, 'Cognitive Behavior Therapy with Children:', Child & Family Behavior Therapy, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 25-44.
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Miller, AJ & Leslie, LM 1984, 'Short-Term Single-Station Forecasting of Precipitation', Monthly Weather Review, vol. 112, no. 6, pp. 1198-1205.
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MILLER, TE, WING, JS & HUETE, AR 1984, 'THE AGRICULTURAL POTENTIAL OF SELECTED C-4 PLANTS IN ARID ENVIRONMENTS', JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 275-286.
MOON, AR & PHILLIPS, MR 1984, 'AN ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY STUDY OF EXSOLVED PHASES IN NATURAL BLACK AUSTRALIAN SAPPHIRE', MICRON AND MICROSCOPICA ACTA, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 143-146.
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Moon, AR & Phillips, MR 1984, 'The physics of asterism in sapphire.', Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, vol. 64, no. 3, pp. 329-334.
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The star image in silky sapphire (asterism) is shown to result from the incoherent superposition of reflected Fraunhofer diffraction patterns. These arise when light is scattered from precipitates strictly oriented within the sapphire host. The theory explains why long, thin precipitates produce sharper stars than their shorter and wider counterparts and why a cabochon is normally required to observe the star image. -W.S.
Notten, PHL 1984, 'The Etching of InP in HCl Solutions: A Chemical Mechanism', Journal of The Electrochemical Society, vol. 131, no. 11, pp. 2641-2644.
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The etch rate of InP in solutions of high HCl concentration was shown to be independent of the applied potential in a wide potential range negative with respect to the flatband value. Dissolution of the solid led to the formation of PH3. The etch rate, which was not mass-transport controlled, was first order in molecular HCl concentration. The results lead us to conclude that, in HCl etchants, InP is dissolved by a purely chemical mechanism. The influence of chemical etching on the anodic behavior of InP in these electrolytes is described. © 1984, The Electrochemical Society, Inc. All rights reserved.
Novikov, AA 1984, 'Martingale identities and inequalities and their applications in nonlinear boundary-value problems for random processes', Mathematical Notes of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 241-249.
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Ollendick, TH 1984, 'Development and Validation of the Children's Assertiveness Inventory', Child & Family Behavior Therapy, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 1-15.
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The development and validation of the Children’s Assertiveness Inventory are reported. Psychometric properties of the scale are detailed for the normal samples of grade school children and one sample of socially withdrawn children. Initial analyses indicate that the scale possesses high test-retest reliability and acceptable stability over time. Further, it adequately discriminates between normal and withdrawn samples, has acceptable convergent and discriminant validity, and possesses a meaningful factor structure. The potential research and clinical utility of the scale is discussed, and important social and developmental issues affecting the expression of assertiveness in children are addressed. © 1984 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Ollendick, TH & Shapiro, ES 1984, 'An examination of vicarious reinforcement processes in children', Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 78-91.
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The primary purpose of the present investigation was to examine vicarious reinforcement processes in children. More specifically, the effects on one child of observing another same-sex child receive direct reinforcement were explored across three different age levels. Subjects were 216 children, randomly assigned to experimental or control conditions. For the control condition, neither child in the same-sex, same-age dyad received reinforcement for performance on the experimental task. For the experimental condition, one child in each dyad received direct social reinforcement for performance, while the other child received no social reinforcement for similar performance. Although children who observed other children receive direct social reinforcement initially increased performance (as predicted by vicarious reinforcement hypotheses), their performance soon decreased and was characterized by verbal and nonverbal responses which appeared to interfere with task performance (e.g., "Hey, I can do them too", "Look at mine", "There's no use in trying"). It appeared as if these observing children were being punished for their performance. Such effects were more pronounced for older than younger children; however, they were observed equally in boys and girls. Results were discussed in terms of vicarious reinforcement and "implicit punishment" hypotheses. Implications for applied settings were also addressed. © 1984.
PEACOCK, WJ, DENNIS, ES, GERLACH, WL, SACHS, MM & SCHWARTZ, D 1984, 'INSERTION AND EXCISION OF DS CONTROLLING ELEMENTS IN MAIZE', COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY, vol. 49, pp. 347-354.
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Raison, RL, Walker, K, Hayden, G & Goodnow, C 1984, 'Tumor Recognition And Targeting With Monoclonal-antibodies', Proceedings Of The Australian Biochemical Society, vol. 16, pp. 1-1.
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REIMERS, JR & WATTS, RO 1984, 'A LOCAL MODE POTENTIAL FUNCTION FOR THE WATER MOLECULE', MOLECULAR PHYSICS, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 357-381.
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Reimers, JR & Watts, RO 1984, 'The structure and vibrational spectra of small clusters of water molecules', Chemical Physics, vol. 85, no. 1, pp. 83-112.
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A potential surface for deformable water molecules is constructed using an accurate local-mode intramolecular model together with a realistic semi-empirical intermolecular interaction. Locally stable structures for (H2O)n, n = 2, 3 and 4, are reported and their vibrational frequencies calculated using both normal-mode analysis with variational corrections for anharmonicities, and local-mode analysis. It is shown that experimentally observed changes in vibrational frequencies on cluster formation arise from anharmonic terms in the monomer potential that become significant due to distortions to the equilibrium geometry. Inhomogeneous line shapes are calculated using rigid-rotor theory, linear response theory, non-equilibrium molecular dynamics and a semi-classical method based on classical Monte Carlo trajectory propagation and local-mode spectral analysis. The last method gives a satisfactory description of the density of states in the intramolecular vibrational region of the spectrum. Dipole moment functions including polarisation give infrared intensities in good agreement with available experimental data. © 1984 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.
REIMERS, JR & WATTS, RO 1984, 'THE STRUCTURE AND VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA OF SMALL CLUSTERS OF WATER-MOLECULES', CHEMICAL PHYSICS, vol. 85, no. 1, pp. 83-112.
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REIMERS, JR & WATTS, RO 1984, 'THE STRUCTURE, THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES AND INFRARED-SPECTRA OF LIQUID WATER AND ICE', CHEMICAL PHYSICS, vol. 91, no. 2, pp. 201-223.
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RITCHIE, RJ & LARKUM, AWD 1984, 'CHLORIDE TRANSPORT IN ENTEROMORPHA INTESTINALIS (L.) LINK', New Phytologist, vol. 97, no. 3, pp. 319-345.
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Rates of 36Cl− labelling, efflux and uptake were measured on Enteromorpha plants grown in sea‐water (547 mM Cl−), and also in brackish water medium [Artificial Cape Banks Spring Water (ACBSW), 25.5 mM Cl−, 20.4 mM Na+ and 0.5 mM K+]. Efflux experiments showed that, in Enteromorpha plants grown in seawater, light did not affect Cl− fluxes at the plasmalemma and tonoplast. Typical experiments exhibited two exchanged phases but a significant number (8/32) exhibited a single exchange phase; this was more likely to occur in darkness. Influx experiments also showed no effect of light on the tonoplast flux. Transfer of plants grown and labelled in seawater to low salinity medium caused a rapid loss of 36C1− label; however, this was related to the change in osmotic potential of the medium rather than to changes in [Cl−o] or [K+0]. Exchange of 36Cl− did not depend on [K+o] in seawater. Cyanide decreased 36Cl− uptake in the dark but not in the light. In low salinity medium (ACBSW), 36Cl− labelling and the plasmalemma flux in Enteromorpha plants were independent of light; however, the intracellular compartmentation of Cl− differed between light and dark. The tonoplast flux was also greater in the light. Intracellular Cl− was about 300 mmol kg−1 in seawater plants and about 159 mmolkg−1 in ACBSW plants. The cytoplasmic Cl− concentration ([CI−0]) based on compartmental analysis was about 200 mM in Enteromorpha plants in seawater and ACBSW medium. Use of this [Cl−0] value and the Nernst equation suggests active Cl− uptake in plants in both seawater and ACBSW. However it is unlikely that the cytoplasmic [Cl−] is above about 70 to 100 mM since many cytoplasmic enzymes are inhibited by high [Cl−0]. Taking this lower estimate of [C1−0], the Nernst criterion suggests passive accumulation of Cl− across the plasmalemma in seawater but active transport would be likely in plants in ACBSW medium. Where separate plasmalemma and tonoplast fluxes were detectable, plasmalemma fluxes were hi...
RITCHIE, RJ & LARKUM, AWD 1984, 'SODIUM TRANSPORT IN ENTEROMORPHA INTESTINALIS (L.) LINK', New Phytologist, vol. 97, no. 3, pp. 347-362.
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Sodium transport was studied in the marine euryhaline alga, Enteromorpha intestinalis in seawater (465 mM Na+ and in low salinity medium [Artificial Cape Banks Spring Water (ACBSW), 25.5 mM Cr, 20.4 mM Na+, 0.5 mM K+]. The intracellular Na+ concentration ([Na+1]) of E. intestinalis was so low that it was difficult to detect using chemical and 22Na+ methods. Consequently, intracellular Na+ fluxes were also difficult to measure. Most of the Na+of the Enteromorpha tissue was bound to the fixed negative charges of the cell wall and this binding has, in previous studies, led to great overestimates of the intracellular Na+ of this plant‐Data of 22Na+ labelling gave lower estimates of the Na+1] than a rinsing technique using isotonic Ca(NO3)2. The overall mean [Na+1] of seawater plants was only 5.5 ± 1.4 mM, with a value of 0.623 ± 0.163 mM Na+ in ACBSW plants. With one exception, all the seawater 22Na+ experiments indicated a single intracellular exchange phase, i.e. a separate vacuolar phase could not be detected. The data on plants grown at low salinity could be interpreted as having either a single intracellular phase or two intracellular phases because of the problem of cell wall Na+ exchange. No significant difference was found in total 22Na+ uptake or exchange fluxes in the light and dark in seawater‐grown plants but there may have been a light effect on low salinity plants. The Na+ flux in Enteromorpha plants in seawater was about 3 nmol m−2 s−1 and in low salinity plants was about 0.2 nmol m−2 s−1. Sodium in Enteromorpha is far from electrochemical equilibrium (more than –100 mV) in plants in both seawater and ACBSW medium so that Na+ is actively excluded from the cells. The plasmalemma has a very low Na+ permeability (seawater, 3 pm s−1; ACBSW plants, either 3 or 100 pm s−1 depending on which compartmentation model is accepted). Copyright © 1984, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved
Ruppert, D, Reish, RL, Deriso, RB & Carroll, RJ 1984, 'Optimization Using Stochastic Approximation and Monte Carlo Simulation (with Application to Harvesting of Atlantic Menhaden)', Biometrics, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 535-535.
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SMITH, GB & MCKENZIE, DR 1984, 'DC MAGNETRON GLOW-DISCHARGE AMORPHOUS-SILICON', SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS, vol. 11, no. 1-2, pp. 45-56.
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SMITH, GB & TEYTZ, K 1984, 'AN IMMERSION COATED MOLYBDENUM BASED SELECTIVE ABSORBER', SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 449-458.
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Sutton, WD, Gerlach, WL, Peacock, WJ & Schwartz, D 1984, 'Molecular Analysis of Ds Controlling Element Mutations at the Adh1 Locus of Maize', Science, vol. 223, no. 4642, pp. 1265-1268.
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Tyerman, SD, Hatcher, AI, West, RJ & Larkum, AWD 1984, 'Posidonia australis Growing in Altered Salinities: Leaf Growth, Regulation of Turgor and the Development of Osmotic Gradients', Functional Plant Biology, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 35-35.
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The marine angiosperm Posidonia australis Hook f. is always submerged and the leaf cells are able to exchange ions, gases and water with the surrounding seawater. The base of the youngest lamina is surrounded by sheaths from older leaves and a gradient in cell osmotic pressure existed from the base of the lamina enclosed within the sheath to the emerged zone at the top of the sheath. For plants grown in seawater, the cells at the base of the lamina had an osmotic pressure of 1.34 MPa (seawater = 2.54 MPa); the osmotic pressure increased with distance along the lamina to the emerged lamina value of 3.09 MPa. The osmotic gradient was accounted for by cell concentration gradients of Na+ (73 mol m-3 increasing to 412 mol m-3), K+ (91 mol m-3 increasing to 279 mol m-3) and Cl- (62 mol m-3 increasing to 578 mol m-3). Gradients also existed in the cell concentrations of sucrose and amino acids. It is proposed that, within the solution enclosed by the sheath, a standing osmotic gradient is created by ion uptake from the sheath solution.
Leaf growth was unaffected by salinities from 13‰ to 57‰ and net photosynthesis was unaffected by reduction in salinity from 34‰ to 19‰. The cells of the leaves and rhizome adjusted their osmotic pressure by changes in Na+, K+ and Cl- concentrations such that turgor varied only between 0.67 and 1.52 MPa over a range in external osmotic pressures from 0.83 to 3.89 MPa. The tolerance of P. australis to changes in salinity in the absence of severe physical disturbance is due, largely, to the sheath and to the osmotic pressure gradient.
WALLACH, M, CULLY, DF, HAAS, LOC, TRAGER, W & CROSS, GAM 1984, 'HISTIDINE-RICH PROTEIN GENES AND THEIR TRANSCRIPTS IN PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM AND P-LOPHURAE', MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 85-94.
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