ANTMAN, K, SHEMIN, R, RYAN, L, KLEGAR, K, OSTEEN, R, HERMAN, T, LEDERMAN, G & CORSON, J 1988, 'MALIGNANT MESOTHELIOMA - PROGNOSTIC VARIABLES IN A REGISTRY OF 180 PATIENTS, THE DANA-FARBER-CANCER-INSTITUTE AND BRIGHAM-AND-WOMENS-HOSPITAL EXPERIENCE OVER 2 DECADES, 1965-1985', JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 147-153.
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ANTMAN, KS, GRIFFIN, JD, ELIAS, A, SOCINSKI, MA, RYAN, L, CANNISTRA, SA, OETTE, D, WHITLEY, M, FREI, E & SCHNIPPER, LE 1988, 'EFFECT OF RECOMBINANT HUMAN GRANULOCYTE MACROPHAGE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR ON CHEMOTHERAPY-INDUCED MYELOSUPPRESSION', NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, vol. 319, no. 10, pp. 593-598.
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APPLEBY, CA, BOGUSZ, D, DENNIS, ES & PEACOCK, WJ 1988, 'A ROLE FOR HEMOGLOBIN IN ALL PLANT-ROOTS', PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 359-367.
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Armati, PJ, Pollard, JD, Van Reyk, D & Van der Lubbe, L 1988, 'Neuroimmunological electron microscopy with microwave-accelerated fixation', Journal of Immunological Methods, vol. 110, no. 2, pp. 267-269.
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Immunoelectron microscopy is an important tool used to determine the precise location of immune complexes. Standard concentrations of glutaraldehyde destroy these complexes. This paper describes a method in which the period of glutaraldehyde fixation is shortened by concomitant microwave treatment. Using 1.25% glutaraldehyde and microwave fixation ideal preservation and demonstration of MHC class I antigen on Schwann cells was obtained by the peroxidase method. © 1988.
Asatryan, AA & Kravtsov, YA 1988, 'Fresnel zones in the case of a saddle-like phase front', Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics, vol. 31, no. 12, pp. 1055-1061.
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ASATRYAN, AA & KRAVTSOV, YA 1988, 'FRESNEL ZONES OF HYPERBOLIC TYPE FROM THE PHYSICAL POINT OF VIEW', WAVE MOTION, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 45-57.
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Asatryan, AA & Kravtsov, YA 1988, 'Localization of complex rays using gaussian windows and the limits of applicability of complex geometric optics', Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics, vol. 31, no. 9, pp. 746-750.
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BOGUSZ, D, APPLEBY, CA, LANDSMANN, J, DENNIS, ES, TRINICK, MJ & PEACOCK, WJ 1988, 'FUNCTIONING HEMOGLOBIN GENES IN NON-NODULATING PLANTS', NATURE, vol. 331, no. 6152, pp. 178-180.
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CARROLL, RJ & CLINE, DBH 1988, 'An asymptotic theory for weighted least-squares with weights estimated by replication', Biometrika, vol. 75, no. 1, pp. 35-43.
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Carroll, RJ & Hall, P 1988, 'Optimal Rates of Convergence for Deconvolving a Density', Journal of the American Statistical Association, vol. 83, no. 404, pp. 1184-1184.
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Carroll, RJ & Ruppert, D 1988, 'Discussion', Technometrics, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 30-31.
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Carroll, RJ, Spiegelman, CH & Sacks, J 1988, 'A Quick and Easy Multiple-Use Calibration-Curve Procedure', Technometrics, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 137-141.
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The standard multiple-use calibration procedure of Scheffé (1973) states that with probability 1 – δ, the proportion of calculated confidence intervals containing the true unknowns is at least 1 – α in the long run. The probability 1 – δ refers to the probability that the calibration experiment results in a “good” outcome. In Scheffé's formulation, a good outcome involves both coverage of the true underlying regression curve and an upper confidence limit for σ, the scale parameter. Scheffé's procedure is fairly difftcult for practitioners to apply, because it relies on tables that are not easy to use. A simpler notion of “goodness” that requires only the coverage of the underlying regression leads to easily calculated confidence intervals for the unknowns. In addition, these intervals are generally shorter than Scheffé's. An application example is given to illustrate the technique. © 1988 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Chrystal, J & Larkum, AWD 1988, 'Preservation of long-wavelength fluorescence in the isolated thylakoids of two phytoplanktonic algae at 77 K', Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics, vol. 932, no. C, pp. 189-194.
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Loss of long-wavelength fluorescence upon isolation of chloroplasts or thylakoids has long been a problem in studies of the chromophyte algae, that is, algae possessing chlorophyll c and related algae. We now report the preservation of long-wavelength fluorescence, using two such algae, Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bacillariophyta) and Vischeria helvetica (Eusigmatophyta). Preservation was achieved using an isolation buffer of high osmotic and ionic strength. Anions high on the Hofmeister series were more efficient than anions low on the Hofmeister series. The most efficient buffer was one high in phosphate (0.5 M) and citrate (0.3 M) combined with 0.3 M sucrose. The results indicate that there are basic differences at the molecular level between the arrangement in the thylakoid membrane of chlorophyll-protein complexes of the chromophyte and related algae compared to green algae and higher plants. © 1988.
Collier, M, O'Neill, C, Ammit, AJ & Saunders, DM 1988, 'Biochemical and pharmacological characterization of human embryo-derived platelet activating factor', Human Reproduction, vol. 3, no. 8, pp. 993-998.
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CORTIE, MB & GARRETT, GG 1988, 'ON THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE C AND M IN THE PARIS EQUATION FOR FATIGUE CRACK-PROPAGATION', ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 49-58.
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Davidian, M & Carroll, RJ 1988, 'A Note on Extended Quasi‐Likelihood', Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Methodological), vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 74-82.
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SUMMARYWe study the method of extended quasi‐likelihood estimation and inference of a variance function recently proposed by Nelder and Pregibon. The estimates are inconsistent in general, and the test levels can be biased, but in many cases such as the exponential family the inconsistency and bias will not be a major concern. Extended quasi‐likelihood is compared with Carroll and Ruppert's pseudo‐likelihood method, which gives consistent estimates and, when slightly modified, asymptotically unbiased tests. We quantify the notion of a problem in which the amount of statistical information is large in each unit, showing in this instance that the two estimates are closely related and may be asymptotically equivalent in many important cases. However, in some cases outside the exponential family, an asymptotic bias can persist.
DENNIS, ES, GERLACH, WL, WALKER, JC, LAVIN, M & PEACOCK, WJ 1988, 'ANAEROBICALLY REGULATED ALDOLASE GENE OF MAIZE - A CHIMAERIC ORIGIN', JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, vol. 202, no. 4, pp. 759-767.
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DENNIS, ES, SACHS, MM, GERLACH, WL, BEACH, L & PEACOCK, WJ 1988, 'THE DS1 TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT ACTS AS AN INTRON IN THE MUTANT ALLELE ADH1-FM335 AND IS SPLICED FROM THE MESSAGE', NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH, vol. 16, no. 9, pp. 3815-3828.
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Djordjevic, SP, Ridge, RW, Chen, HC, Redmond, JW, Batley, M & Rolfe, BG 1988, 'Induction of pathogenic-like responses in the legume Macroptilium atropurpureum by a transposon-induced mutant of the fast-growing, broad-host-range Rhizobium strain NGR234', Journal of Bacteriology, vol. 170, no. 4, pp. 1848-1857.
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Mutant strain ANU2861, a transposon Tn5 mutant of the fast-growing, broad-host-range Rhizobium strain ANU280 (NGR234 Smr Rfr) overproduces polysaccharide, is an ade auxotroph, and induces poorly developed nodules on Leucaena leucocephala and Lablab purpureus (H.C. Chen, M. Batley, J.W. Redmond, and B.G. Rolfe, J. Plant Physiol. 120:331-349, 1985). Strain ANU2861 cannot form nodules on Macroptilium atropurpureum Urb. (siratro) or on Desmodium intortum and D. uncinatum and the nonlegume Parasponia. The parent strain, ANU280, effectively nodulates all these legume species except Parasponia, on which it forms ineffective nodules. Ultrastructural examination of infection sites on the legume siratro showed that mutant strain ANU2861 caused root hair curling (Hac+ phenotype), some cortical cell division (Noi+), but no infection threads (Inf-). Localized cellular responses, known to occur in phytopathological interactions, were observed in electron micrographs of the epidermal tissue at or near the infection zone after inoculation with strain ANU2861 but not the wild-type parental strain. These include (i) the rapid (within 20 h) accumulation of osmiophilic droplets attached to membranes at potential sites of strain ANU2861 penetration and (after 48 h) in the epidermal cells in the immediate region of the curled root hairs, and (ii) localized cell death of the epidermal cells. In addition, strain ANU2861 can initiate a systemic response in split-root siratro plants which prevents the successful nodulation of strain ANU280. A 6.3-kilobase fragment of wild-type genomic DNA, which includes the site of Tn5 insertion in strain ANU2861, was cloned and introduced to strain ANU2861. All the phenotypic defects of the mutant strain were corrected by the introduction of this DNA fragment. This indicates that the original Tn5 insertion is responsible for the phenotype.
DOOLEY, AH 1988, 'CENTRAL LACUNARY SETS FOR LIE-GROUPS', JOURNAL OF THE AUSTRALIAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY SERIES A-PURE MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS, vol. 45, pp. 30-45.
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Dragalin, VP & Novikov, AA 1988, 'Asymptotic Solution of the Kiefer–Weiss Problem for Processes with Independent Increments', Theory of Probability & Its Applications, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 617-627.
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ELLIS, J & CRAMPTON, J 1988, 'Characterisation of a simple, highly repetitive DNA sequence from the parasite Leishmania donovani', Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 9-17.
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FINNEGAN, EJ, TAYLOR, BH, DENNIS, ES & PEACOCK, WJ 1988, 'TRANSCRIPTION OF THE MAIZE TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT AC IN MAIZE SEEDLINGS AND IN TRANSGENIC TOBACCO', MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS, vol. 212, no. 3, pp. 505-509.
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Gladstone, W 1988, 'Killer whale feeding observed underwater', Journal of Mammalogy, vol. 69, pp. 629-630.
Gladstone, W & Westoby, M 1988, 'Growth and reproduction in Canthigaster valentini (Pisces, Tetraodontidae): a comparison of a toxic reef fish with other reef fishes', Environmental Biology of Fishes, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 207-221.
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Hall, P & Wand, MP 1988, 'Minimizing L1 distance in nonparametric density estimation', Journal of Multivariate Analysis, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 59-88.
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HALL, P & WAND, MP 1988, 'On nonparametric discrimination using density differences', Biometrika, vol. 75, no. 3, pp. 541-547.
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Hall, P & Wand, MP 1988, 'On the minimization of absolute distance in kernel density estimation', Statistics & Probability Letters, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 311-314.
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HAYDEN, GE, WALKER, KZ, MILLER, J, WOTHERSPOON, JS & RAISON, RL 1988, 'SIMULTANEOUS CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS FOR THE EXPRESSION OF CYTOPLASMIC AND SURFACE-ANTIGENS IN ACTIVATED T-CELLS', CYTOMETRY, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 44-51.
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A method of two-colour immunofluorescence staining has been developed to allow the simultaneous analysis of both surface and cytoplasmic antigens. This involves the use of direct fluorochrome antibody conjugates for cell-surface antigen staining, followed by cell permeabilization and the staining of cytoplasmic antigens with biotinylated antibodies and streptavidin-fluorochrome conjugates. Fluorochrome-antibody conjugates bound to cell-surface epitopes were found not to be affected by the subsequent permeabilisation and cytoplasmic staining. This method was used to examine the surface phenotype of T cells expressing a cytoplasmic antigen, STA. STA is a unique determinant detected in activated human T cells by the monoclonal antibody K-1-21, which also recognizes a cross-reactive conformation-dependent epitope on human free kappa light chains. Cytometric analysis showed that STA is found in both Leu 2a+ cytotoxic/suppressor T cells and Leu 3a+ helper/inducer T cells but is not induced in the Leu 15+ population which contains suppressor T cells. STA was also shown to be an activation antigen in murine T cells.
Hiller, RG, Larkum, AWD & Wrench, PM 1988, 'Chlorophyll proteins of the prymnesiophyte Pavlova lutherii (Droop) comb. nov.: Identification of the major light-harvesting complex', Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics, vol. 932, no. C, pp. 223-231.
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A chlorophyll ac-fucoxanthin light-harvesting protein has been separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by digitonin-sucrose density centrifigation from thylakoids of Pavlova lutherii. It contains a single major polypeptide of 21 kDa, comprises 69% of the total chlorophyll a and is enriched in chlorophyll c compared to the thylakoids. Energy transfer from chlorophyll c and fucoxanthin to chlorophyll a was demonstrated within the protein complex. Antibodies to the 21 kDa apoprotein showed cross-reactivity with the 26-28 kDa apoproteins of higher plant light-harvesting chlorophyll a b protein and with the 19 kDa apoprotein of the light-harvesting complex of diatoms, but much reduced or no cross-reactivity with the major thylakoid polypeptides of dinoflagellates and cryptophytes. © 1988.
Huete, AR 1988, 'A soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI)', Remote Sensing of Environment, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 295-309.
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A transformation technique is presented to minimize soil brightness influences from spectral vegetation indices involving red and near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths. Graphically, the transformation involves a shifting of the origin of reflectance spectra plotted in NIR-red wavelength space to account for first-order soil-vegetation interactions and differential red and NIR flux extinction through vegetated canopies. For cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. var DPI-70) and range grass (Eragrostics lehmanniana Nees) canopies, underlain with different soil backgrounds, the transformation nearly eliminated soil-induced variations in vegetation indices. A physical basis for the soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) is subsequently presented. The SAVI was found to be an important step toward the establishment of simple °lobal' that can describe dynamic soil-vegetation systems from remotely sensed data. © 1988.
Huete, AR & Jackson, RD 1988, 'Soil and atmosphere influences on the spectra of partial canopies', Remote Sensing of Environment, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 89-105.
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An atmospheric radiant transfer model was used to compare ground-measured radiances over partially vegetated canopies with their simulated responses at the top of a clear (100 km meteorological range) and a turbid (10 km) atmosphere. Radiance measurements in the first four bands of the Thematic Mapper were taken over incomplete cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and Lehmann lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees) canopies with different soil backgrounds separately inserted underneath. Atmospheric influences on the spectra of partial canopies were found to be significantly dependent on the 'brightness' of the underlying soil. The change in canopy red and near-infrared radiance between the ground and the top of the atmosphere was such that an increase, decrease, or no change could be observed, depending on the magnitude of the canopy substrate contribution. Both increasing soil 'brightness' and atmospheric turbidity lowered the ratio (RVI) and normalized difference vegetation index values (NDVI). Consequently, atmospheric-induced RVI and NDVI degradation were greatest over canopies with darker soils and were not detectable over canopies with light-colored soils. In contrast, soil and atmospheric effects on the perpendicular vegetation index were independent with atmosphere degradation being similar across all soil backgrounds. Soil influences on vegetation indices from partial canopies were found to be of similar magnitude to those attributed to the atmosphere for the range of soil and atmosphere conditions examined here. © 1988.
Ishiga, H, Leitch, EC, Watanabe, T, Naka, T & Iwasaki, M 1988, 'Radiolarian and conodont biostratigraphy of siliceous rocks from the New England Fold Belt', Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 73-80.
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Acid extraction of microfossils from siliceous rocks of the New England Fold Belt has yielded radiolarians, and less commonly conodonts, that are of biostratigraphic value. Rock units, the ages of which have until now been only indirectly estimated, are directly dated, and although some earlier argued ages are confirmed others are younger than previously supposed. Thus the Woolomin Formation, an accretionary subduction complex, has elements of Silurian age but also includes rocks as young as Carboniferous. The Wisemans Arm Formation, once considered to be Late Devonian, contains chert olistoliths as young as Namurian, and a Late Devonian age is indicated for the Watonga Formation, a sequence of ocean floor rocks previously correlated with the Woolomin Formation. These results suggest that some ideas on provenance linkage and terrane amalgamation in the New England Fold Belt need to be reassessed. Several Early Devonian radiolarian assemblages have been identified in the western part of the Hastings Block. Together with a fauna from near Taree in the southeast of the Tamworth Belt they confirm earlier lithological correlations, and support the idea of major strike-slip displacement of the southern part of the Tamworth Belt. © Taylor & Francis Ltd.
LANDSMANN, J, LLEWELLYN, D, DENNIS, ES & PEACOCK, WJ 1988, 'ORGAN REGULATED EXPRESSION OF THE PARASPONIA-ANDERSONII HEMOGLOBIN GENE IN TRANSGENIC TOBACCO PLANTS', MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS, vol. 214, no. 1, pp. 68-73.
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Larkum, AWD 1988, 'High rates of nitrogen fixation on coral skeletons after predation by the crown of thorns starfish Acanthaster planci', Marine Biology, vol. 97, no. 4, pp. 503-506.
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At One Tree Reef, Great Barrier Reef, Australia, between 1983 and 1985, corals killed by the crown of thorns seastar Acanthaster planci L. gave rise to skeletons which were colonised rapidly by blue-green and other algae. For the next 3 to 9 mo these coral skeletons showed over three times more nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) than control substratum rates (9 to 32 nmol vs 3 to 10 nmol C2H2 cm-2 h-1, over all seasons). These values convert to relatively high annual fixation rates of 37 to 127 kg N ha-1 yr-1 but, at the low densities of A. planci on One Tree Reef (ca. 0.65 ha-1), this has little impact on the total nitrogen fixation rate and, as a result, on the level of organic nitrogen in the system. However, it is suggested that on reefs subjected to high aggregations of a. planci such an effect would enhance the level of organic nitrogen and lead to greater primary and secondary production throughout the reef system. © 1988 Springer-Verlag.
Larkum, AWD, Kennedy, IR & Muller, WJ 1988, 'Nitrogen fixation on a coral reef', Marine Biology, vol. 98, no. 1, pp. 143-155.
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Acetylene reduction was used to assess nitrogen fixation on all major substrates at all major areas over a period of 1 to 6 yr (1980-1986) at One Tree Reef (southern Great Barrier Reef). Experiments using 15N2 gave a ratio of 3.45:1.0 for C2H2 reduced:N2 fixed. Acetylene reduction was largely light-dependent, saturated at 0.15 ml C2H2 per ml seawater, and linear over 6 h. High fixation was associated with two emergent cyanophyte associations, Calothrix crustacea and Scytonema hofmannii, of limited distribution. Subtidally, the major contribution to nitrogen fixation came from well-grazed limestone substrates with an epilithic algal community in the reef flat and patch reefs (3 to 15 nmol C2H4 cm-2 h-1). Similar substrates from the outer reef slope showed lower rates. Nitrogen fixation on beach rock, intertidal coral rubble, reef crest and lagoon sand was relatively small (0.3 to 1.0 nmol C2H4 cm-2 h-1). Seasonal changes in light-saturated rates were small, with slight reduction only in winter. Rates are also reported for experimental coral blocks (13 to 39 nmol cm-2 h-1) and for branching coral inside and outside territories of gardening damselfish (3 to 28 nmol cm-2 h-1). This work supports the hypothesis that the high nitrogen fixation on the reef flat and patch reefs of the lagoon (34 to 68 kg N ha-1 yr-1) is because these subtidal areas support highly disturbed communities with the greatest abundance of nitrogen-fixing cyanophyte algae. It is calculated from a budget of all areas that One Tree Reef has an annual nitrogen fixation rate of 8 to 16 kg N ha-1 yr-1. © 1988 Springer-Verlag.
MCAUSLAN, BR, REILLY, W, HANNAN, GN, SCHINDHELM, K, MILTHORPE, B & SAUR, BA 1988, 'INDUCTION OF ENDOTHELIAL-CELL MIGRATION BY PROLINE ANALOGS AND ITS RELEVANCE TO ANGIOGENESIS', EXPERIMENTAL CELL RESEARCH, vol. 176, no. 2, pp. 248-257.
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MCKENZIE, DR, BRULEY, J & SMITH, GB 1988, 'ELECTRON ENERGY-LOSS STUDY OF BONDING IN AMORPHOUS SILICON-CARBON ALLOY-FILMS PREPARED WITH HYDROGEN DILUTION', APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, vol. 53, no. 23, pp. 2284-2286.
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MCKENZIE, DR, SMITH, GB & LIU, ZQ 1988, 'ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION STUDY OF CHEMICAL ORDERING IN GLOW-DISCHARGE A-SI1-XCX-H', PHYSICAL REVIEW B, vol. 37, no. 15, pp. 8875-8881.
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MCKENZIE, JA, RAISON, RL & RIVETT, DE 1988, 'DEVELOPMENT OF A BIFUNCTIONAL CROSSLINKING AGENT WITH POTENTIAL FOR THE PREPARATION OF IMMUNOTOXINS', JOURNAL OF PROTEIN CHEMISTRY, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 581-592.
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MIKULEVICIUS, R & PLATEN, E 1988, 'TIME DISCRETE TAYLOR APPROXIMATIONS FOR ITO PROCESSES WITH JUMP COMPONENT', MATHEMATISCHE NACHRICHTEN, vol. 138, pp. 93-104.
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MILTHORPE, BK, ROGERS, GJ & SCHINDHELM, K 1988, 'MICROCOMPUTER-BASED SYSTEM FOR TENSILE TESTING OF BIOLOGICAL-MATERIALS', MEDICAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTING, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 161-166.
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The tensile testing of biological materials poses specific problems. Biological tissue may slip in the grips of the tensometer during tensile testing, and this needs to be taken into account in the calculation of strain. The inherent variability of tissue samples requires that a large number of samples be analysed to adequately characterise a given biological structure. These problems have been addressed by integrating a digital video dimensional analyser and a microcomputer into a system that can be attached to most tensometers. Features of the system are: automated data acquisition, analysis and filing; resolution of load and extension to better than 0·1 per cent of full scale; and achievable high throughput.
Purser, RJ & Leslie, LM 1988, 'A Semi-Implicit, Semi-Lagrangian Finite-Difference Scheme Using Hligh-Order Spatial Differencing on a Nonstaggered Grid', Monthly Weather Review, vol. 116, no. 10, pp. 2069-2080.
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REIMERS, JR & HELLER, EJ 1988, 'ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CLASSICAL, SEMICLASSICAL, AND QUANTUM DYNAMICS OF A MORSE OSCILLATOR', JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, vol. 92, no. 11, pp. 3225-3235.
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Rotem, A & Gladstone, W 1988, 'Movements in the enrolled nurse workforce in New South Wales: results of a survey.', Aust Health Rev, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 110-121.
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2,200 enrolled nurses (ENs) in N.S.W. were surveyed about their current participation in the workforce. The survey showed that ENs tended to move in and out the workforce. More than 75% of respondents had left the EN workforce during their career for an average period of five years. The employment status of three cohorts (1980, 1982, and 1984) of ENs as examined over several years. Most losses from a cohort occurred within the first 12 months; trainee ENs showed the highest losses. Two important movements by ENs in recent years were uncovered. There has been an increase in the proportion of respondents working part-time and casual. Also, in more recent years ther has been an increased return of ENs to the workforce, resulting in a net gain in employment in 1985. In the latter case it appears that the increased returns follow a peak in the number of ENs trained in the late 1970s. As such, the growth in employment in unlikely to continue. The increase in the rate of return may also relate to the shortage of RNs. Shortages of nurses may have increased the opportunities for part-time or preferred shifts employment which attracted ENs to return to the workforce. ENs seem to leave the workforce due to family reasons particularly child bearing. The most frequently mentioned reason for returning to work is financial necessity. Whilst the turnover indicated in this study is high the net wastage is very low. Whilst the rate of loss remains constant the rate of return increases. It is difficult to determine whether the low wastage rate means that ENs are not as dissatisfied as they reported in this study or that they do not have better employment opportunities.
RYAN, LM & ORAV, EJ 1988, 'ON THE USE OF COVARIATES FOR RODENT BIOASSAY AND SCREENING EXPERIMENTS', BIOMETRIKA, vol. 75, no. 4, pp. 631-637.
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Savage, AP, Sian, MS, Matthews, JL, Bloom, SR & Cooke, T 1988, 'Experimental colonic carcinogenesis: changes in faecal bile acids after promotion of intestinal tumours by small bowel resection in the rat.', Gut, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 495-502.
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Small bowel resection promotes the development of colonic tumours in azoxymethane treated rats. As high faecal bile acid concentrations are associated with colonic cancer and may be altered by resection, we have studied changes in faecal bile acid concentrations during promotion of colonic carcinogenesis by increasing small bowel resection. Twenty rats in each group underwent either jejunal transection or 20%, 50%, or 80% proximal small bowel resection. Tumours were induced with azoxymethane 10 mg/kg by 12 weekly subcutaneous injections, and faecal bile acid concentrations were measured at six and 16 weeks. Colonic tumour number rose from 0.6 per rat in the transection group to 1.6 per rat in the 50% resection group (p less than 0.01) but were not significantly different to transection values at 0.8 per rat in the 80% resection group. Total daily faecal bile acid excretion and bile acid concentrations fell with increasing resection from 14.2 (1.6) mg/rat/day and 5.8 (0.7) mg/g dry faeces respectively in the transection group to 6.5 (0.5) mg/rat/day and 2.9 (0.2) mg/g respectively in the 80% resection group (p less than 0.001). The greatest reduction was seen in the concentration of deoxycholic acid which has been particularly associated with the aetiology of colonic cancer. The promotion of colonic tumours following small bowel resection in carcinogen treated rats is unlikely to be mediated by changes in faecal bile acid concentration or composition.
SIEGEL, RD, RYAN, LM & ANTMAN, KH 1988, 'ADULTS WITH EWINGS-SARCOMA - AN ANALYSIS OF 16 PATIENTS AT THE DANA-FARBER-CANCER-INSTITUTE', AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY-CANCER CLINICAL TRIALS, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 614-617.
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Simpson, AM & White, IG 1988, 'Measurement and manipulation of cytoplasmic free calcium of ram and boar spermatozoa using quin 2', Cell Calcium, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 45-56.
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The highly selective fluorescent Ca2+ indicator `quin 2 has been loaded into ram and boar spermatozoa as the acetoxymethyl ester, `quin 2/AM, which is hydrolysed and trapped in the cytoplasm. Loadings of several mM were not toxic to spermatozoa as judged by motility. Fluorescence measurements (mean + S.E.M.) indicated a normal cytoptasmic free-calcium concentration, [Ca2+]i, of 193nM f 0.2 (n= 10) for ejaculated ram sperm, 175nM 5 3.9 (n= 10) for cauda epididymal boar sperm and 105nM `_ 10 (n= 10) for the caput sperm. After cold shock ejaculated mm and cauda epididymal boar sperm did not retain quin 2, due presumably to structural damage. However, cold shocked caput boar sperm could be readily loaded with quin 2 and had a [Ca2+]i similar to control sperm.
SMITH, WL, LESLIE, LM, DIAK, GR, GOODMAN, BM, VELDEN, CS, CALLAN, GM, RAYMOND, W & WADE, GS 1988, 'The integration of meteorological satellite imagery and numerical dynamical forecast models', Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, vol. 324, no. 1579, pp. 317-323.
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Imagery of clouds, water vapour, and thermal structure as achieved in real-time from geostationary satellites can play an important role in the dynamic verification and reinitialization of numerical weather-prediction models used for short-range prediction of intense weather. By overlaying hourly interval model forecast fields over satellite imagery, the validity of the evolving forecast can be subjectively assessed and phase and amplitude errors can be diagnosed in a dynamic manner. Videographic interactive computer systems designed for the purpose should enable improved numerical weather forecasts to be made through the dynamic use of satellite imagery. This approach is demonstrated by using the Man—Computer Interactive Data Access System (McIDAS) at the University of Wisconsin for a case of the development of a cyclone over the east coast of the U.S.A.
TRICK, M, DENNIS, ES, EDWARDS, KJR & PEACOCK, WJ 1988, 'MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF THE ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE GENE FAMILY OF BARLEY', PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 147-160.
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WALKER, JC, DENNIS, ES & PEACOCK, WJ 1988, 'REGULATION OF MAIZE ADH1 TRANSCRIPTION DURING LOW-OXYGEN STRESS', FASEB JOURNAL, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. A1330-A1330.
WALKER, KZ, SEYMOURMUNN, K, TOWSON, JE, AXIAK, SM, RAISON, RL, BAUTOVITCH, GJ, MORRIS, J & BASTEN, A 1988, 'RADIOIMMUNOLOCALIZATION AND SELECTIVE DELIVERY OF RADIATION IN A RAT MODEL SYSTEM - COMPARISON OF INTACT AND FRAGMENTED ANTIBODY', NUCLEAR MEDICINE COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 9, no. 7, pp. 517-526.
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Watters, RL, Carroll, RJ & Spiegelman, CH 1988, 'Heteroscedastic calibration using analyzed reference materials as calibration standards', Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, vol. 93, no. 3, pp. 264-264.
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WILSON, MR, MULLIGAN, SP & RAISON, RL 1988, 'A NEW MICROSPHERE-BASED IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE ASSAY FOR ANTIBODIES TO MEMBRANE-ASSOCIATED ANTIGENS', JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS, vol. 107, no. 2, pp. 231-237.
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The screening of panels of hybridoma supernatants for specific secreted monoclonal antibodies is often achieved by cellular immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometric analysis. In some circumstances such assays are difficult because the required antigen-bearing cell population is not suitable for use in flow cytometry, has limited cell cycle expression or poor in vitro growth. A method is presented here that provides a solution to these difficulties. A system was developed, using polyacrylamide microspheres coupled with cell membranes, which permitted the production of an easily stored, standardised antigen source which could be used in subsequent flow cytometric assays. Studies comparing the binding of antibodies to whole cells and cell membrane-coupled microspheres indicate a strong qualitative and quantitative correlation in the expression of surface antigens. It is shown here that membrane antigens can be stored coupled to microspheres for months and still retain good reactivity with the appropriate antibodies. This same technique could be used in studies of antigens other than those of the mammalian cell membrane - for example, membrane antigens of sub-cellular organelles such as the mitochondrion and endoplasmic reticulum, plant or bacterial membrane antigens, or antigens not associated with membranes such as viral protein
