ANTMAN, K, SHEMIN, R, RYAN, L, KLEGAR, K, OSTEEN, R, HERMAN, T, LEDERMAN, G & CORSON, J 1988, 'MALIGNANT MESOTHELIOMA - PROGNOSTIC VARIABLES IN A REGISTRY OF 180 PATIENTS, THE DANA-FARBER-CANCER-INSTITUTE AND BRIGHAM-AND-WOMENS-HOSPITAL EXPERIENCE OVER 2 DECADES, 1965-1985', JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 147-153.
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ANTMAN, KS, GRIFFIN, JD, ELIAS, A, SOCINSKI, MA, RYAN, L, CANNISTRA, SA, OETTE, D, WHITLEY, M, FREI, E & SCHNIPPER, LE 1988, 'EFFECT OF RECOMBINANT HUMAN GRANULOCYTE MACROPHAGE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR ON CHEMOTHERAPY-INDUCED MYELOSUPPRESSION', NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, vol. 319, no. 10, pp. 593-598.
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APPLEBY, CA, BOGUSZ, D, DENNIS, ES & PEACOCK, WJ 1988, 'A ROLE FOR HEMOGLOBIN IN ALL PLANT-ROOTS', PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 359-367.
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Armati, PJ, Pollard, JD, Van Reyk, D & Van der Lubbe, L 1988, 'Neuroimmunological electron microscopy with microwave-accelerated fixation', Journal of Immunological Methods, vol. 110, no. 2, pp. 267-269.
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Immunoelectron microscopy is an important tool used to determine the precise location of immune complexes. Standard concentrations of glutaraldehyde destroy these complexes. This paper describes a method in which the period of glutaraldehyde fixation is shortened by concomitant microwave treatment. Using 1.25% glutaraldehyde and microwave fixation ideal preservation and demonstration of MHC class I antigen on Schwann cells was obtained by the peroxidase method. © 1988.
Asatryan, AA & Kravtsov, YA 1988, 'Fresnel Zones In A Case Of Saddle Phase Front', Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii Radiofizika, vol. 31, no. 12, pp. 1464-1470.
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Asatryan, AA & Kravtsov, YA 1988, 'Fresnel zones in the case of a saddle-like phase front', Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics, vol. 31, no. 12, pp. 1055-1061.
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Asatryan, AA & Kravtsov, YA 1988, 'Fresnel Zones Of Hyperbolic Type From The Physical Point Of View', Wave Motion, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 45-57.
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Asatryan, AA & Kravtsov, YA 1988, 'Localization of complex rays using gaussian windows and the limits of applicability of complex geometric optics', Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics, vol. 31, no. 9, pp. 746-750.
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Asatryan, AA & Kravtsov, YA 1988, 'Localization of rays by means of Gaussian windows', Soviet journal of communications technology & electronics, vol. 33, no. 11, pp. 106-109.
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The question of spatial localization of rays by means of a Guassian window is considered. The concept of degree of ray localization is introduced and it is shown that the spatial localization of a ray is characterized completely adequately by its Fresnel volume. Practical means are discussed for the localization of a ray in optics, radiophysics and acoustics.
Asatryan, AA & Kravtsov, YA 1988, 'Localization Of The Complex Rays Using Gaussian Windows And The Application Limits Of The Complex Geometrical-optics', Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii Radiofizika, vol. 31, no. 9, pp. 1053-1058.
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Asatryan, AA & Kravtsov, YA 1988, 'Rays Localization Using Gauss Sampling Windows', Radiotekhnika I Elektronika, vol. 33, no. 7, pp. 1378-1381.
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BOGUSZ, D, APPLEBY, CA, LANDSMANN, J, DENNIS, ES, TRINICK, MJ & PEACOCK, WJ 1988, 'FUNCTIONING HEMOGLOBIN GENES IN NON-NODULATING PLANTS', NATURE, vol. 331, no. 6152, pp. 178-180.
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CARROLL, RJ & CLINE, DBH 1988, 'AN ASYMPTOTIC THEORY FOR WEIGHTED LEAST-SQUARES WITH WEIGHTS ESTIMATED BY REPLICATION', BIOMETRIKA, vol. 75, no. 1, pp. 35-43.
Carroll, RJ & Hall, P 1988, 'Optimal rates of convergence for deconvolving a density', Journal of the American Statistical Association, vol. 83, no. 404, pp. 1184-1186.
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Suppose that the sum of two independent random variables X and Z is observed, where Z denotes measurement error and has a known distribution, and where the unknown density f of X is to be estimated. One application is the estimation of a prior density for a sequence of location parameters. A second application arises in the errors-in-variables problem for nonlinear and generalized linear models, when one attempts to model the distribution of the true but unobservable covariates. This article shows that if Z is normally distributed and f has k bounded derivatives, then the fastest attainable convergence rate of any nonparametric estimator of f is only (log n)−k/2. Therefore, deconvolution with normal errors may not be a practical proposition. Other error distributions are also treated. Stefanski–Carroll (1987a) estimators achieve the optimal rates. The results given have versions for multiplicative errors, where they imply that even optimal rates are exceptionally slow. © 1976 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
CARROLL, RJ & HALL, P 1988, 'OPTIMAL RATES OF CONVERGENCE FOR DECONVOLVING A DENSITY', JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION, vol. 83, no. 404, pp. 1184-1186.
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Carroll, RJ & Ruppert, D 1988, 'Discussion', Technometrics, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 30-31.
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Carroll, RJ & Welsh, AH 1988, 'A note on asymmetry and robustness in linear regression', American Statistician, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 285-287.
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We discuss the assumption of symmetry in robust linear regression. It is important to distinguish between the intercept term and the slope parameters. Ordinary robust regression requires no assumption of symmetry when interest lies in slope parameters; computer programs, confidence intervals, standard errors, and so forth do not change because the errors are asymmetric. The situation is radically different for bounded-influence estimators. With the exception of the Mallows class, these estimators are inconsistent for slope when the errors are asymmetric. © 1988 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
CARROLL, RJ, HAMMER, RE, CHAN, SJ, SWIFT, HH, RUBENSTEIN, AH & STEINER, DF 1988, 'A MUTANT HUMAN PROINSULIN IS SECRETED FROM ISLETS OF LANGERHANS IN INCREASED AMOUNTS VIA AN UNREGULATED PATHWAY', PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, vol. 85, no. 23, pp. 8943-8947.
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Carroll, RJ, Spiegelman, CH & Sacks, J 1988, 'A quick and easy multiple-use calibration-curve procedure', Technometrics, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 137-141.
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The standard multiple-use calibration procedure of Scheffé (1973) states that with probability 1 – δ, the proportion of calculated confidence intervals containing the true unknowns is at least 1 – α in the long run. The probability 1 – δ refers to the probability that the calibration experiment results in a “good” outcome. In Scheffé's formulation, a good outcome involves both coverage of the true underlying regression curve and an upper confidence limit for σ, the scale parameter. Scheffé's procedure is fairly difftcult for practitioners to apply, because it relies on tables that are not easy to use. A simpler notion of “goodness” that requires only the coverage of the underlying regression leads to easily calculated confidence intervals for the unknowns. In addition, these intervals are generally shorter than Scheffé's. An application example is given to illustrate the technique. © 1988 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Carroll, RJ, Wu, CFJ & Ruppert, D 1988, 'The effect of estimating weights in weighted least squares', Journal of the American Statistical Association, vol. 83, no. 404, pp. 1045-1054.
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In weighted least squares, it is typical that the weights are unknown and must be estimated. Most packages provide standard errors assuming that the weights are known. This is fine for sufficiently large sample sizes, but what about for small-to-moderate sample sizes? The investigation of this article into the effect of estimating weights proceeds under the assumption typical in practice—that one has a parametric model for the variance function. In this context, generalized least squares consists of (a) an initial estimate of the regression parameter, (b) a method for estimating the variance function, and (c) the number of iterations in reweighted least squares. By means of expansions for the covariance, it is shown that each of (a)–(c) can matter in problems of small to moderate size. A few conclusions may be of practical interest. First, estimated standard errors assuming that the weights are known can be too small in practice. The investigation indicates that a simple bootstrap operation results in corrected standard errors that adjust nonparametrically for the effect of estimating weights. Second, one does not need to do many iterative reweightings before the effect of the initial estimate disappears; in the theory given three iterations suffice. Third, if one is not going to iterate, it is probably advisable to make one’s initial estimate more robust than unweighted least squares; for example, an M estimate. Theory in this article is fairly general in that the variance can be a parametric function of the mean and/or exogenous variables. The underlying distribution for the data is allowed to be general, and the number of iterative reweightings is allowed to vary. Thus the results apply to quasilikelihood estimates in generalized linear models. Most methods of variance-function estimation are included. © 1976 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Chrystal, J & Larkum, AWD 1988, 'Preservation of long-wavelength fluorescence in the isolated thylakoids of two phytoplanktonic algae at 77 K', BBA - Bioenergetics, vol. 932, no. C, pp. 189-194.
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Loss of long-wavelength fluorescence upon isolation of chloroplasts or thylakoids has long been a problem in studies of the chromophyte algae, that is, algae possessing chlorophyll c and related algae. We now report the preservation of long-wavelength fluorescence, using two such algae, Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bacillariophyta) and Vischeria helvetica (Eusigmatophyta). Preservation was achieved using an isolation buffer of high osmotic and ionic strength. Anions high on the Hofmeister series were more efficient than anions low on the Hofmeister series. The most efficient buffer was one high in phosphate (0.5 M) and citrate (0.3 M) combined with 0.3 M sucrose. The results indicate that there are basic differences at the molecular level between the arrangement in the thylakoid membrane of chlorophyll-protein complexes of the chromophyte and related algae compared to green algae and higher plants. © 1988.
COLLIER, M, ONEILL, C, AMMIT, AJ & SAUNDERS, DM 1988, 'BIOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF HUMAN EMBRYO-DERIVED PLATELET ACTIVATING FACTOR', HUMAN REPRODUCTION, vol. 3, no. 8, pp. 993-998.
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Cortie, M & Wedepohl, P 1988, 'INTERMETALLIC STRUCTURAL MATERIALS-DREAM OR REALITY.', South African mechanical engineer, vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 474-479.
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The paper discusses the use of intermetallic compounds as engineering materials. Intermetallics are compared to ceramics and metal alloys and four of the most widely studied intermetallic phases are discussed: the titanium aluminides Ti//3Al and TiAl, the zirconium aluminide Zr//3Al, and the nickel aluminide Ni//3Al. Potential applications for these materials are considered, as well a the processing routes by which they can be produced. A novel processing route is described as well as its application to titanium aluminides. 20 Refs.
Cortie, MB & Garrett, G 1988, 'On The Correlation Between The C And M In The Paris Equation For Fatigue Crack-propagation', Engineering Fracture Mechanics, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 49-58.
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Cortie, MB & Garrett, G 1988, 'The Thermal-activation Energy For Fatigue Of Fe-1 Pct Cr-0.5 Pct Mo', Metallurgical Transactions A-physical Metallurgy And Materials Science, vol. 19, no. 12, pp. 2979-2987.
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Cortie, MB & Garrett, GG 1988, 'Thermal activation energy for fatigue of Fe-1 Pct Cr-0.5 Pct Mo', Metallurgical transactions. A, Physical metallurgy and materials science, vol. 19 A, no. 12, pp. 2979-2987.
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The temperature dependence of fatigue crack propagation is considered in an Fe-1 pct Cr-0.5 pct Mo alloy steel. This material was tested at temperatures between 425 and 550°C, a frequency of 1 Hz, and an R-ratio of 0.1. It is shown that the effect of temperature can be explained in terms of a thermal activation energy for fatigue. The magnitude of this activation energy is a function of ΔK and varies from more than 150 kJ/mole at 15 MPa√m to 30 kJ/mole above 30 MPa√m. The magnitude of these activation energies supports the idea that oxidation, and not creep, is the rate-controlling time-dependent process for the test conditions studied.
DAVIDIAN, M & CARROLL, RJ 1988, 'A NOTE ON EXTENDED QUASI-LIKELIHOOD', JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES B-METHODOLOGICAL, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 74-82.
DAVIDIAN, M, CARROLL, RJ & SMITH, W 1988, 'VARIANCE FUNCTIONS AND THE MINIMUM DETECTABLE CONCENTRATION IN ASSAYS', BIOMETRIKA, vol. 75, no. 3, pp. 549-556.
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DENNIS, ES, GERLACH, WL, WALKER, JC, LAVIN, M & PEACOCK, WJ 1988, 'ANAEROBICALLY REGULATED ALDOLASE GENE OF MAIZE - A CHIMAERIC ORIGIN', JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, vol. 202, no. 4, pp. 759-767.
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DENNIS, ES, SACHS, MM, GERLACH, WL, BEACH, L & PEACOCK, WJ 1988, 'THE DS1 TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT ACTS AS AN INTRON IN THE MUTANT ALLELE ADH1-FM335 AND IS SPLICED FROM THE MESSAGE', NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH, vol. 16, no. 9, pp. 3815-3828.
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Djordjevic, SP, Ridge, R, Chen, H, Redmond, JW, Batley, M & Rolfe, BD 1988, 'Induction of pathogenic-like responses in the legume Macroptilium atropurpureum by a trasposon-induced mutant of the fast-growing, broad-host-range Rhizobium strain NGR234', Journal Of Bacteriology, vol. 170, no. 4, pp. 1848-1857.
DOOLEY, AH 1988, 'CENTRAL LACUNARY SETS FOR LIE-GROUPS', JOURNAL OF THE AUSTRALIAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY SERIES A-PURE MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS, vol. 45, pp. 30-45.
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ELLIS, J & CRAMPTON, J 1988, 'CHARACTERIZATION OF A SIMPLE, HIGHLY REPETITIVE DNA-SEQUENCE FROM THE PARASITE LEISHMANIA-DONOVANI', MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 9-17.
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ELLIS, JG, LAWRENCE, GJ, PEACOCK, WJ & PRYOR, AJ 1988, 'APPROACHES TO CLONING PLANT GENES CONFERRING RESISTANCE TO FUNGAL PATHOGENS', ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY, vol. 26, pp. 245-263.
Falkson, G, Cnaan, A, Schutt, A, Schutt, AJ, Ryan, LM & Falkson, HC 1988, 'Prognostic factors for survival in hepatocellular carcinoma', Cancer Research, vol. 48, no. 24, pp. 7314-7318.
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Associations between patient characteristics and survival were inves tigated in 432 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Those patients were prospective!}' studied by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, and each had his or her diagnosis reconfirmed by a pathology review panel. There were 301 North American and 131 South African patients. Sixty-nine % of the North American patients and 82% of the South African patients were male. There were 187 Black patients, 62 of whom were from North America. The study population is unique among hepatocellular carcinoma pa tients in that eligibility, evaluability, and endpoint definitions were stand ardized, and patients from both North America and South Africa received similar treatments at a similar time. Factors with the most significant adverse effect on survival are im paired performance status, male sex, older age, and disease symptoms (jaundice and reduced appetite). There is no apparent difference in survival between White and Black patients within North America, but North American patients survived longer than South African patients. Among the different therapies, p.o. 5-fluorouracil was associated with the poorest median survival time (6 wk), and i.v. 5-fluorouracil plus semustine with the best median survival time (24 wk).
FINNEGAN, EJ, TAYLOR, BH, DENNIS, ES & PEACOCK, WJ 1988, 'TRANSCRIPTION OF THE MAIZE TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT AC IN MAIZE SEEDLINGS AND IN TRANSGENIC TOBACCO', MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS, vol. 212, no. 3, pp. 505-509.
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Gladstone, W 1988, 'Killer whale feeding observed underwater', Journal of Mammalogy, vol. 69, pp. 629-630.
Gladstone, W & Rotem, A 1988, 'Movements in the enrolled nurse workforce in New South Wales: results of a survey', Australian Health Review, vol. 11, pp. 110-121.
Gladstone, W & Westoby, M 1988, 'Growth and reproduction in Canthigaster valentini (Pisces, Tetraodontidae): a comparison of a toxic reef fish with other reef fishes', Environmental Biology Of Fishes, vol. 21, pp. 207-222.
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Green, PJ 1988, 'Regression, curvature and weighted least-squares', Mathematical Programming, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 41-51.
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Hall, P & Wand, M 1988, 'Minimizing L1 distance in nonparametric density estimation', Journal of Multivariate Analysis, vol. 26, pp. 59-88.
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Hall, P & Wand, M 1988, 'On nonparametric discrimination using density differences', Biometrika, vol. 75, no. 3, pp. 541-547.
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Hall, P & Wand, M 1988, 'On the minimization of absolute distance in kernel density estimation', Statistics & Probability Letters, vol. 6, pp. 311-314.
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Hayden, G, Walker, K, Miller, J, Wotherspoon, J & Raison, RL 1988, 'Simultaneous Cytometric Analysis For The Expression Of Cytoplasmic And Surface-antigens In Activated T-cells', Cytometry, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 44-51.
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A method of two-colour immunofluorescence staining has been developed to allow the simultaneous analysis of both surface and cytoplasmic antigens. This involves the use of direct fluorochrome antibody conjugates for cell-surface antigen staining, followed by cell permeabilization and the staining of cytoplasmic antigens with biotinylated antibodies and streptavidin-fluorochrome conjugates. Fluorochrome-antibody conjugates bound to cell-surface epitopes were found not to be affected by the subsequent permeabilisation and cytoplasmic staining. This method was used to examine the surface phenotype of T cells expressing a cytoplasmic antigen, STA. STA is a unique determinant detected in activated human T cells by the monoclonal antibody K-1-21, which also recognizes a cross-reactive conformation-dependent epitope on human free kappa light chains. Cytometric analysis showed that STA is found in both Leu 2a+ cytotoxic/suppressor T cells and Leu 3a+ helper/inducer T cells but is not induced in the Leu 15+ population which contains suppressor T cells. STA was also shown to be an activation antigen in murine T cells.
Hiller, RG, Larkum, AWD & Wrench, PM 1988, 'Chlorophyll proteins of the prymnesiophyte Pavlova lutherii (Droop) comb. nov.: Identification of the major light-harvesting complex', BBA - Bioenergetics, vol. 932, no. C, pp. 223-231.
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A chlorophyll ac-fucoxanthin light-harvesting protein has been separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by digitonin-sucrose density centrifigation from thylakoids of Pavlova lutherii. It contains a single major polypeptide of 21 kDa, comprises 69% of the total chlorophyll a and is enriched in chlorophyll c compared to the thylakoids. Energy transfer from chlorophyll c and fucoxanthin to chlorophyll a was demonstrated within the protein complex. Antibodies to the 21 kDa apoprotein showed cross-reactivity with the 26-28 kDa apoproteins of higher plant light-harvesting chlorophyll a b protein and with the 19 kDa apoprotein of the light-harvesting complex of diatoms, but much reduced or no cross-reactivity with the major thylakoid polypeptides of dinoflagellates and cryptophytes. © 1988.
Huete, A 1988, 'A Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index', Remote Sensing Of Environment, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 295-309.
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A transformation technique is presented to minimize soil brightness influences from spectral vegetation indices involving red and near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths. Graphically, the transformation involves a shifting of the origin of reflectance spectra plotted in NIR-red wavelength space to account for first-order soil-vegetation interactions and differential red and NIR flux extinction through vegetated canopies. For cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. var DPI-70) and range grass (Eragrosticslehmanniana Nees) canopies, underlain with different soil backgrounds, the transformation nearly eliminated soil-induced variations in vegetation indices. A physical basis for the soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) is subsequently presented. The SAVI was found to be an important step toward the establishment of simple °lobal that can describe dynamic soil-vegetation systems from remotely sensed data.
Huete, A & Jackson, RD 1988, 'Soil and Atmosphere Influences on the Spectra of Partial Canopies', Remote Sensing Of Environment, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 89-105.
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An atmospheric radiant transfer model was used to compare ground-measured radiances over partially vegetated canopies with their simulated responses at the top of a clear (100 km meteorological range) and a turbid (10 km) atmosphere. Radiance measurements in the first four bands of the Thematic Mapper were taken over incomplete cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and Lehmann lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees) canopies with different soil backgrounds separately inserted underneath. Atmospheric influences on the spectra of partial canopies were found to be significantly dependent on the brightness of the underlying soil. The change in canopy red and near-infrared radiance between the ground and the top of the atmosphere was such that an increase, decrease, or no change could be observed, depending on the magnitude of the canopy substrate contribution. Both increasing soil brightness and atmospheric turbidity lowered the ratio (RVI) and normalized difference vegetation index values (NDVI). Consequently, atmospheric-induced RVI and NDVI degradation were greatest over canopies with darker soils and were not detectable over canopies with light-colored soils. In contrast, soil and atmospheric effects on the perpendicular vegetation index were independent with atmosphere degradation being similar across all soil backgrounds. Soil influences on vegetation indices from partial canopies were found to be of similar magnitude to those attributed to the atmosphere for the range of soil and atmosphere conditions examined here.
Ishiga, H, Leitch, EC, Watanabe, T, Naka, T & Iwasaki, M 1988, 'Radiolarian and conodont biostratigraphy of siliceous rocks from the New England fold belt', Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 73-80.
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Acid extraction of microfossils from siliceous rocks of the New England Fold Belt has yielded radiolarians, and less commonly conodonts, that are of biostratigraphic value. Rock units, the ages of which have until now been only indirectly estimated, are directly dated, and although some earlier argued ages are confirmed others are younger than previously supposed. Thus the Woolomin Formation, an accretionary subduction complex, has elements of Silurian age but also includes rocks as young as Carboniferous. The Wisemans Arm Formation, once considered to be Late Devonian, contains chert olistoliths as young as Namurian, and a Late Devonian age is indicated for the Watonga Formation, a sequence of ocean floor rocks previously correlated with the Woolomin Formation. These results suggest that some ideas on provenance linkage and terrane amalgamation in the New England Fold Belt need to be reassessed. Several Early Devonian radiolarian assemblages have been identified in the western part of the Hastings Block. Together with a fauna from near Taree in the southeast of the Tamworth Belt they confirm earlier lithological correlations, and support the idea of major strike-slip displacement of the southern part of the Tamworth Belt. © Taylor & Francis Ltd.
LANDSMANN, J, LLEWELLYN, D, DENNIS, ES & PEACOCK, WJ 1988, 'ORGAN REGULATED EXPRESSION OF THE PARASPONIA-ANDERSONII HEMOGLOBIN GENE IN TRANSGENIC TOBACCO PLANTS', MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS, vol. 214, no. 1, pp. 68-73.
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Larkum, AWD 1988, 'High rates of nitrogen fixation on coral skeletons after predation by the crown of thorns starfish Acanthaster planci', Marine Biology, vol. 97, no. 4, pp. 503-506.
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At One Tree Reef, Great Barrier Reef, Australia, between 1983 and 1985, corals killed by the crown of thorns seastar Acanthaster planci L. gave rise to skeletons which were colonised rapidly by blue-green and other algae. For the next 3 to 9 mo these coral skeletons showed over three times more nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) than control substratum rates (9 to 32 nmol vs 3 to 10 nmol C2H2 cm-2 h-1, over all seasons). These values convert to relatively high annual fixation rates of 37 to 127 kg N ha-1 yr-1 but, at the low densities of A. planci on One Tree Reef (ca. 0.65 ha-1), this has little impact on the total nitrogen fixation rate and, as a result, on the level of organic nitrogen in the system. However, it is suggested that on reefs subjected to high aggregations of a. planci such an effect would enhance the level of organic nitrogen and lead to greater primary and secondary production throughout the reef system. © 1988 Springer-Verlag.
Larkum, AWD, Kennedy, IR & Muller, WJ 1988, 'Nitrogen fixation on a coral reef', Marine Biology, vol. 98, no. 1, pp. 143-155.
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Acetylene reduction was used to assess nitrogen fixation on all major substrates at all major areas over a period of 1 to 6 yr (1980-1986) at One Tree Reef (southern Great Barrier Reef). Experiments using 15N2 gave a ratio of 3.45:1.0 for C2H2 reduced:N2 fixed. Acetylene reduction was largely light-dependent, saturated at 0.15 ml C2H2 per ml seawater, and linear over 6 h. High fixation was associated with two emergent cyanophyte associations, Calothrix crustacea and Scytonema hofmannii, of limited distribution. Subtidally, the major contribution to nitrogen fixation came from well-grazed limestone substrates with an epilithic algal community in the reef flat and patch reefs (3 to 15 nmol C2H4 cm-2 h-1). Similar substrates from the outer reef slope showed lower rates. Nitrogen fixation on beach rock, intertidal coral rubble, reef crest and lagoon sand was relatively small (0.3 to 1.0 nmol C2H4 cm-2 h-1). Seasonal changes in light-saturated rates were small, with slight reduction only in winter. Rates are also reported for experimental coral blocks (13 to 39 nmol cm-2 h-1) and for branching coral inside and outside territories of gardening damselfish (3 to 28 nmol cm-2 h-1). This work supports the hypothesis that the high nitrogen fixation on the reef flat and patch reefs of the lagoon (34 to 68 kg N ha-1 yr-1) is because these subtidal areas support highly disturbed communities with the greatest abundance of nitrogen-fixing cyanophyte algae. It is calculated from a budget of all areas that One Tree Reef has an annual nitrogen fixation rate of 8 to 16 kg N ha-1 yr-1. © 1988 Springer-Verlag.
McAuslan, BR, Reilly, W, Hannan, G, Schindhelm, K, Milthorpe, BK & saur, BA 1988, 'Induction of endothelial cell migration by proline analogues and its relevance to angiogenesis', Experimental Cell Biology, vol. 176, pp. 248-257.
McKenzie, DR, Bruley, J & Smith, G 1988, 'Electron Energy-loss Study Of Bonding In Amorphous Silicon-carbon Alloy-films Prepared With Hydrogen Dilution', Applied Physics Letters, vol. 53, no. 23, pp. 2284-2286.
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McKenzie, DR, Smith, G & Liu, Z 1988, 'Electron-diffraction Study Of Chemical Ordering In Glow-discharge A-si1-xcx-h', Physical Review B, vol. 37, no. 15, pp. 8875-8881.
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Mckenzie, JA, Raison, RL & Rivett, D 1988, 'Development Of A Bifunctional Crosslinking Agent With Potential For The Preparation Of Immunotoxins', Journal Of Protein Chemistry, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 581-592.
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Mikulevicius, R & Platen, E 1988, 'Time Discrete Taylor Approximations For Ito Processes With Jump Component', Mathematische Nachrichten, vol. 138, pp. 93-104.
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Milthorpe, BK, Roger, GJ & Schindhelm, K 1988, 'Microcomputer-based system for tensile testing of biological materials', Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 161-166.
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The tensile testing of biological materials poses specific problems. Biological tissue may slip in the grips of the tensometer during tensile testing, and this needs to be taken into account in the calculation of strain. The inherent variability of tissue samples requires that a large number of samples be analysed to adequately characterise a given biological structure. These problems have been addressed by integrating a digital video dimensional analyser and a microcomputer into a system that can be attached to most tensometers. Features of the system are: automated data acquisition, analysis and filing; resolution of load and extension to better than 0·1 per cent of full scale; and achievable high throughput.
MITCHELL, RL, BURCHETT, MD, PULKOWNIK, A & MCCLUSKEY, L 1988, 'EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS ON THE EMERGENCE AND EARLY GROWTH OF SELECTED AUSTRALIAN PLANTS', PLANT AND SOIL, vol. 112, no. 2, pp. 195-199.
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Nicholson, GM, Spence, I & Johnston, G 1988, 'Depolarizing Actions Of Convulsant Barbiturates On Isolated Rat Dorsal-root Ganglion-cells', Neuroscience Letters, vol. 93, no. 2-3, pp. 330-335.
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NICHOLSON, GM, SPENCE, I & JOHNSTON, GAR 1988, 'DIFFERING ACTIONS OF CONVULSANT AND NONCONVULSANT BARBITURATES - AN ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL STUDY IN THE ISOLATED SPINAL-CORD OF THE RAT', NEUROPHARMACOLOGY, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 459-465.
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Ollendick, TH & Francis, G 1988, 'Behavioral Assessment and Treatment of Childhood Phobias', Behavior Modification, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 165-204.
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In this review the current status of the assessment and treatment of childhood fears and phobias is described. Consistent with our definition of child behavioral assessment as an “exploratory, hypothesis-testing” process, we review a range of specific procedures including behavioral interviews, self-report instruments, rating scales, behavioral observation, self-monitoring, and physiological assessment. We conclude that a maximal amount of information is obtained with such practices and that no single procedure, including direct behavioral observation, is sufficient alone. Following review of assessment practices, we examine those behavioral strategies frequently used in the reduction of fears and phobias in children. Strategies derived from principles of classical, vicarious, and operant conditioning, as well as recent advances in information processing theory, are reviewed and evaluated critically. We conclude that, for the most part, these procedures are effective at least in the short run. We make a call for studies that examine the long-term efficacy of these procedures, for comparative studies to determine the superiority of these procedures over more traditional ones, and for comparative studies among the behavioral procedures themselves. Finally, we highlight important developmental issues that need to be attended to before continued and significant progress in this area of study can be realized. © 1988, SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC. All rights reserved.
PURSER, RJ & LESLIE, LM 1988, 'A SEMI-IMPLICIT, SEMI-LAGRANGIAN FINITE-DIFFERENCE SCHEME USING HIGH-ORDER SPATIAL DIFFERENCING ON A NONSTAGGERED GRID', MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW, vol. 116, no. 10, pp. 2069-2080.
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Reimers, JR & Heller, E 1988, 'On The Relationship Between The Classical, Semiclassical, And Quantum Dynamics Of A Morse Oscillator', Journal Of Physical Chemistry, vol. 92, no. 11, pp. 3225-3235.
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Ryan, LM & Orav, EJ 1988, 'On the use of covariates for rodent bioassay and screening experiments', Biometrika, vol. 75, no. 4, pp. 631-637.
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Schmidt, CR, Ollendick, TH & Stanowicz, LB 1988, 'Developmental Changes in the Influence of Assigned Goals on Cooperation and Competition', Developmental Psychology, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 574-579.
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We examined developmental changes in the influence of social goals on cooperative and competitive behavior in children between the ages of 6 and 13. Children played a game with a neutrally instructed peer under cooperative and individualistic instructions. The tendency to engage in cooperative and combative moves and to use attentional words varied interactively with age, sex, order of instructions, instructions, and trials. Older children adapted their cooperative behavior to fit assigned goals when individualistic trials preceded cooperation trials, but younger children did not. Older children adapted their competitive behavior on two of the five game trials, but younger children did not adapt their competitive behavior on any trials. We observed no developmental differences in the overall levels of cooperation and competition. However, younger children were more likely to use attentional words than older children, and both age groups used more attentional words under individualistic instructions than under cooperative instructions. The results suggest that older children were more flexible in adapting their social strategies to assigned goals.
SCHORAH, CJ, BISHOP, N, WALES, JK, HANSBRO, PM & HABIBZADEH, N 1988, 'BLOOD VITAMIN-C CONCENTRATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES-MELLITUS', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR VITAMIN AND NUTRITION RESEARCH, vol. 58, no. 3, pp. 312-318.
Siegel, RD, Ryan, LM & Antman, KH 1988, 'Adults with Ewing's sarcoma. An analysis of 16 patients at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute', American Journal Of Clinical Oncology-cancer Clinical Trials, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 614-617.
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Simpson, AM & White, IG 1988, 'Measurement and manipulation of cytoplasmic free calcium of ram and boar spermatozoa using quin 2', Cell calcium, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 45-56.
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The highly selective fluorescent Ca2+ indicator `quin 2 has been loaded into ram and boar spermatozoa as the acetoxymethyl ester, `quin 2/AM, which is hydrolysed and trapped in the cytoplasm. Loadings of several mM were not toxic to spermatozoa as judged by motility. Fluorescence measurements (mean + S.E.M.) indicated a normal cytoptasmic free-calcium concentration, [Ca2+]i, of 193nM f 0.2 (n= 10) for ejaculated ram sperm, 175nM 5 3.9 (n= 10) for cauda epididymal boar sperm and 105nM `_ 10 (n= 10) for the caput sperm. After cold shock ejaculated mm and cauda epididymal boar sperm did not retain quin 2, due presumably to structural damage. However, cold shocked caput boar sperm could be readily loaded with quin 2 and had a [Ca2+]i similar to control sperm.
Smith, NC, Bryant, C & Boreham, P 1988, 'Possible Roles For Pyruvate-ferredoxin Oxidoreductase And Thiol-dependent Peroxidase And Reductase Activities In Resistance To Nitroheterocyclic Drugs In Giardia-intestinalis', International Journal For Parasitology, vol. 18, no. 7, pp. 991-997.
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SMITH, WL, LESLIE, LM, DIAK, GR, GOODMAN, BM, VELDEN, CS, CALLAN, GM, RAYMOND, W & WADE, GS 1988, 'THE INTEGRATION OF METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE IMAGERY AND NUMERICAL DYNAMICAL FORECAST MODELS', PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES, vol. 324, no. 1579, pp. 317-+.
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Street, JO, Carroll, RJ & Ruppert, D 1988, 'A note on computing robust regression estimates via iteratively reweighted least squares', American Statistician, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 152-154.
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The 1985 SAS User’s Guide: Statistics provides a method for computing robust regression estimates using iterative reweighted least squares and the nonlinear regression procedure NLIN. We show that the estimates are asymptotically correct, although the resulting standard errrors are not. We also discuss computation of the estimates. © 1988 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Thornton, BS & Langtry, T 1988, 'Prescheduling graphic displays for optimal cancer therapies to reveal possible tumour regression or stabilisation', Journal of Medical Systems, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 31-41.
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The paper describes an adaptive control approach to the problem of the treatment of solid tumors. The evolution with time t of the state of a tumor is modelled by a two-compartment system, governed by two differential equations forming an autonomous system under therapy control u, dy1/dt = f1(y1,y2;u) dy2/dt = f2(y1,y2;u), where y1 and y2 are the number of proliferating and nonproliferating cells, respectively. The output is analyzed in the phase plane y1y2. The control problem is that of restricting the tumor state to a predetermined region of the plane by selecting a suitable change in therapy control u, e.g., modality and dosage, when the state solution intersects the boundary of this region and the ratio y1/y2 of proliferating to nonproliferating cells is displayed together with an elapsed time scale. Then, consequent selection of a suitable therapeutic sequence may be assisted by the use of a data base as part of an expert system. The process is repeated at each intersection of the prescribed boundary. Such sequences may lead to stabilization of the system through the appearance on a computer display screen of a stable equilibrium point or a limit cycle.
TRICK, M, DENNIS, ES, EDWARDS, KJR & PEACOCK, WJ 1988, 'MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF THE ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE GENE FAMILY OF BARLEY', PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 147-160.
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WALKER, JC, DENNIS, ES & PEACOCK, WJ 1988, 'REGULATION OF MAIZE ADH1 TRANSCRIPTION DURING LOW-OXYGEN STRESS', FASEB JOURNAL, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. A1330-A1330.
Walker, K, Seymourmunn, K, Towson, J, Axiak, SM, Raison, RL, Bautovitch, G, Morris, JM & Basten, A 1988, 'Radioimmunolocalization And Selective Delivery Of Radiation In A Rat Model System - Comparison Of Intact And Fragmented Antibody', Nuclear Medicine Communications, vol. 9, no. 7, pp. 517-526.
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WATTERS, RL, CARROLL, RJ & SPIEGELMAN, CH 1988, 'HETEROSCEDASTIC CALIBRATION USING ANALYZED REFERENCE MATERIALS AS CALIBRATION STANDARDS', JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, vol. 93, no. 3, pp. 264-265.
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Wilson, M, Mulligan, S & Raison, RL 1988, 'A New Microsphere-based Immunofluorescence Assay For Antibodies To Membrane-associated Antigens', Journal Of Immunological Methods, vol. 107, no. 2, pp. 231-237.
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The screening of panels of hybridoma supernatants for specific secreted monoclonal antibodies is often achieved by cellular immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometric analysis. In some circumstances such assays are difficult because the required antigen-bearing cell population is not suitable for use in flow cytometry, has limited cell cycle expression or poor in vitro growth. A method is presented here that provides a solution to these difficulties. A system was developed, using polyacrylamide microspheres coupled with cell membranes, which permitted the production of an easily stored, standardised antigen source which could be used in subsequent flow cytometric assays. Studies comparing the binding of antibodies to whole cells and cell membrane-coupled microspheres indicate a strong qualitative and quantitative correlation in the expression of surface antigens. It is shown here that membrane antigens can be stored coupled to microspheres for months and still retain good reactivity with the appropriate antibodies. This same technique could be used in studies of antigens other than those of the mammalian cell membrane - for example, membrane antigens of sub-cellular organelles such as the mitochondrion and endoplasmic reticulum, plant or bacterial membrane antigens, or antigens not associated with membranes such as viral protein
WU, MC & CARROLL, RJ 1988, 'ESTIMATION AND COMPARISON OF CHANGES IN THE PRESENCE OF INFORMATIVE RIGHT CENSORING BY MODELING THE CENSORING PROCESS', BIOMETRICS, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 175-188.
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