ANTMAN, K, SHEMIN, R, RYAN, L, KLEGAR, K, OSTEEN, R, HERMAN, T, LEDERMAN, G & CORSON, J 1988, 'MALIGNANT MESOTHELIOMA - PROGNOSTIC VARIABLES IN A REGISTRY OF 180 PATIENTS, THE DANA-FARBER-CANCER-INSTITUTE AND BRIGHAM-AND-WOMENS-HOSPITAL EXPERIENCE OVER 2 DECADES, 1965-1985', JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 147-153.
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ANTMAN, KS, GRIFFIN, JD, ELIAS, A, SOCINSKI, MA, RYAN, L, CANNISTRA, SA, OETTE, D, WHITLEY, M, FREI, E & SCHNIPPER, LE 1988, 'EFFECT OF RECOMBINANT HUMAN GRANULOCYTE MACROPHAGE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR ON CHEMOTHERAPY-INDUCED MYELOSUPPRESSION', NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE, vol. 319, no. 10, pp. 593-598.
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APPLEBY, CA, BOGUSZ, D, DENNIS, ES & PEACOCK, WJ 1988, 'A ROLE FOR HEMOGLOBIN IN ALL PLANT-ROOTS', PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 359-367.
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Armati, PJ, Pollard, JD, Van Reyk, D & Van der Lubbe, L 1988, 'Neuroimmunological electron microscopy with microwave-accelerated fixation', Journal of Immunological Methods, vol. 110, no. 2, pp. 267-269.
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Immunoelectron microscopy is an important tool used to determine the precise location of immune complexes. Standard concentrations of glutaraldehyde destroy these complexes. This paper describes a method in which the period of glutaraldehyde fixation is shortened by concomitant microwave treatment. Using 1.25% glutaraldehyde and microwave fixation ideal preservation and demonstration of MHC class I antigen on Schwann cells was obtained by the peroxidase method. © 1988.
BOGUSZ, D, APPLEBY, CA, LANDSMANN, J, DENNIS, ES, TRINICK, MJ & PEACOCK, WJ 1988, 'FUNCTIONING HEMOGLOBIN GENES IN NON-NODULATING PLANTS', NATURE, vol. 331, no. 6152, pp. 178-180.
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CARROLL, RJ & CLINE, DBH 1988, 'An asymptotic theory for weighted least-squares with weights estimated by replication', Biometrika, vol. 75, no. 1, pp. 35-43.
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Carroll, RJ & Hall, P 1988, 'Optimal Rates of Convergence for Deconvolving a Density', Journal of the American Statistical Association, vol. 83, no. 404, pp. 1184-1186.
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Suppose that the sum of two independent random variables X and Z is observed, where Z denotes measurement error and has a known distribution, and where the unknown density f of X is to be estimated. One application is the estimation of a prior density for a sequence of location parameters. A second application arises in the errors-in-variables problem for nonlinear and generalized linear models, when one attempts to model the distribution of the true but unobservable covariates. This article shows that if Z is normally distributed and f has k bounded derivatives, then the fastest attainable convergence rate of any nonparametric estimator of f is only (log n)−k/2. Therefore, deconvolution with normal errors may not be a practical proposition. Other error distributions are also treated. Stefanski–Carroll (1987a) estimators achieve the optimal rates. The results given have versions for multiplicative errors, where they imply that even optimal rates are exceptionally slow. © 1976 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Carroll, RJ & Hall, P 1988, 'Optimal Rates of Convergence for Deconvolving a Density', Journal of the American Statistical Association, vol. 83, no. 404, pp. 1184-1184.
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Carroll, RJ & Ruppert, D 1988, 'Discussion', Technometrics, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 30-31.
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Carroll, RJ & Welsh, AH 1988, 'A Note on Asymmetry and Robustness in Linear Regression', The American Statistician, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 285-287.
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We discuss the assumption of symmetry in robust linear regression. It is important to distinguish between the intercept term and the slope parameters. Ordinary robust regression requires no assumption of symmetry when interest lies in slope parameters; computer programs, confidence intervals, standard errors, and so forth do not change because the errors are asymmetric. The situation is radically different for bounded-influence estimators. With the exception of the Mallows class, these estimators are inconsistent for slope when the errors are asymmetric. © 1988 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Carroll, RJ, Hammer, RE, Chan, SJ, Swift, HH, Rubenstein, AH & Steiner, DF 1988, 'A mutant human proinsulin is secreted from islets of Langerhans in increased amounts via an unregulated pathway.', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 85, no. 23, pp. 8943-8947.
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A coding mutation in the human insulin gene (His-B10----Asp) is associated with familial hyperproinsulinemia. To model this syndrome, we have produced transgenic mice that express high levels of the mutant prohormone in their islets of Langerhans. Strain 24-6 mice, containing about 100 copies of the mutant gene, were normoglycemic but had marked increases of serum human proinsulin immunoreactive components. Biosynthetic studies on isolated islets revealed that approximately 65% of the proinsulin synthesized in these mice was the human mutant form. Unlike the normal endogenous mouse proinsulin, which was almost exclusively handled via a regulated secretory pathway, up to 15% of the human [Asp10]proinsulin was rapidly secreted after synthesis via an unregulated or constitutive pathway, and approximately 20% was degraded within the islet cells. The secreted human [Asp10]proinsulin was not processed proteolytically. However, the processing of the normal mouse and human mutant proinsulins within the islets from transgenic mice was not significantly impaired. These findings suggest that the hyperproinsulinemia of the patients is the result of the continuous secretion of unprocessed mutant prohormone from the islets via this alternative unregulated pathway.
Carroll, RJ, Spiegelman, CH & Sacks, J 1988, 'A Quick and Easy Multiple-Use Calibration-Curve Procedure', Technometrics, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 137-141.
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The standard multiple-use calibration procedure of Scheffé (1973) states that with probability 1 – δ, the proportion of calculated confidence intervals containing the true unknowns is at least 1 – α in the long run. The probability 1 – δ refers to the probability that the calibration experiment results in a “good” outcome. In Scheffé's formulation, a good outcome involves both coverage of the true underlying regression curve and an upper confidence limit for σ, the scale parameter. Scheffé's procedure is fairly difftcult for practitioners to apply, because it relies on tables that are not easy to use. A simpler notion of “goodness” that requires only the coverage of the underlying regression leads to easily calculated confidence intervals for the unknowns. In addition, these intervals are generally shorter than Scheffé's. An application example is given to illustrate the technique. © 1988 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Carroll, RJ, Wu, CFJ & Ruppert, D 1988, 'The Effect of Estimating Weights in Weighted Least Squares', Journal of the American Statistical Association, vol. 83, no. 404, pp. 1045-1054.
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In weighted least squares, it is typical that the weights are unknown and must be estimated. Most packages provide standard errors assuming that the weights are known. This is fine for sufficiently large sample sizes, but what about for small-to-moderate sample sizes? The investigation of this article into the effect of estimating weights proceeds under the assumption typical in practice—that one has a parametric model for the variance function. In this context, generalized least squares consists of (a) an initial estimate of the regression parameter, (b) a method for estimating the variance function, and (c) the number of iterations in reweighted least squares. By means of expansions for the covariance, it is shown that each of (a)–(c) can matter in problems of small to moderate size. A few conclusions may be of practical interest. First, estimated standard errors assuming that the weights are known can be too small in practice. The investigation indicates that a simple bootstrap operation results in corrected standard errors that adjust nonparametrically for the effect of estimating weights. Second, one does not need to do many iterative reweightings before the effect of the initial estimate disappears; in the theory given three iterations suffice. Third, if one is not going to iterate, it is probably advisable to make one’s initial estimate more robust than unweighted least squares; for example, an M estimate. Theory in this article is fairly general in that the variance can be a parametric function of the mean and/or exogenous variables. The underlying distribution for the data is allowed to be general, and the number of iterative reweightings is allowed to vary. Thus the results apply to quasilikelihood estimates in generalized linear models. Most methods of variance-function estimation are included. © 1976 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Collier, M, O'Neill, C, Ammit, AJ & Saunders, DM 1988, 'Biochemical and pharmacological characterization of human embryo-derived platelet activating factor', Human Reproduction, vol. 3, no. 8, pp. 993-998.
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CORTIE, MB & GARRETT, GG 1988, 'ON THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE C AND M IN THE PARIS EQUATION FOR FATIGUE CRACK-PROPAGATION', ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 49-58.
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Davidian, M & Carroll, RJ 1988, 'A Note on Extended Quasi‐Likelihood', Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Methodological), vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 74-82.
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SUMMARYWe study the method of extended quasi‐likelihood estimation and inference of a variance function recently proposed by Nelder and Pregibon. The estimates are inconsistent in general, and the test levels can be biased, but in many cases such as the exponential family the inconsistency and bias will not be a major concern. Extended quasi‐likelihood is compared with Carroll and Ruppert's pseudo‐likelihood method, which gives consistent estimates and, when slightly modified, asymptotically unbiased tests. We quantify the notion of a problem in which the amount of statistical information is large in each unit, showing in this instance that the two estimates are closely related and may be asymptotically equivalent in many important cases. However, in some cases outside the exponential family, an asymptotic bias can persist.
DENNIS, ES, GERLACH, WL, WALKER, JC, LAVIN, M & PEACOCK, WJ 1988, 'ANAEROBICALLY REGULATED ALDOLASE GENE OF MAIZE - A CHIMAERIC ORIGIN', JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, vol. 202, no. 4, pp. 759-767.
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DENNIS, ES, SACHS, MM, GERLACH, WL, BEACH, L & PEACOCK, WJ 1988, 'THE DS1 TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT ACTS AS AN INTRON IN THE MUTANT ALLELE ADH1-FM335 AND IS SPLICED FROM THE MESSAGE', NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH, vol. 16, no. 9, pp. 3815-3828.
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Djordjevic, SP, Ridge, RW, Chen, HC, Redmond, JW, Batley, M & Rolfe, BG 1988, 'Induction of pathogenic-like responses in the legume Macroptilium atropurpureum by a transposon-induced mutant of the fast-growing, broad-host-range Rhizobium strain NGR234', Journal of Bacteriology, vol. 170, no. 4, pp. 1848-1857.
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Mutant strain ANU2861, a transposon Tn5 mutant of the fast-growing, broad-host-range Rhizobium strain ANU280 (NGR234 Smr Rfr) overproduces polysaccharide, is an ade auxotroph, and induces poorly developed nodules on Leucaena leucocephala and Lablab purpureus (H.C. Chen, M. Batley, J.W. Redmond, and B.G. Rolfe, J. Plant Physiol. 120:331-349, 1985). Strain ANU2861 cannot form nodules on Macroptilium atropurpureum Urb. (siratro) or on Desmodium intortum and D. uncinatum and the nonlegume Parasponia. The parent strain, ANU280, effectively nodulates all these legume species except Parasponia, on which it forms ineffective nodules. Ultrastructural examination of infection sites on the legume siratro showed that mutant strain ANU2861 caused root hair curling (Hac+ phenotype), some cortical cell division (Noi+), but no infection threads (Inf-). Localized cellular responses, known to occur in phytopathological interactions, were observed in electron micrographs of the epidermal tissue at or near the infection zone after inoculation with strain ANU2861 but not the wild-type parental strain. These include (i) the rapid (within 20 h) accumulation of osmiophilic droplets attached to membranes at potential sites of strain ANU2861 penetration and (after 48 h) in the epidermal cells in the immediate region of the curled root hairs, and (ii) localized cell death of the epidermal cells. In addition, strain ANU2861 can initiate a systemic response in split-root siratro plants which prevents the successful nodulation of strain ANU280. A 6.3-kilobase fragment of wild-type genomic DNA, which includes the site of Tn5 insertion in strain ANU2861, was cloned and introduced to strain ANU2861. All the phenotypic defects of the mutant strain were corrected by the introduction of this DNA fragment. This indicates that the original Tn5 insertion is responsible for the phenotype.
DOOLEY, AH 1988, 'CENTRAL LACUNARY SETS FOR LIE-GROUPS', JOURNAL OF THE AUSTRALIAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY SERIES A-PURE MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS, vol. 45, pp. 30-45.
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Dragalin, VP & Novikov, AA 1988, 'Asymptotic Solution of the Kiefer–Weiss Problem for Processes with Independent Increments', Theory of Probability & Its Applications, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 617-627.
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ELLIS, J & CRAMPTON, J 1988, 'Characterisation of a simple, highly repetitive DNA sequence from the parasite Leishmania donovani', Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 9-17.
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FALKSON, G, CNAAN, A, SCHUTT, AJ, RYAN, LM & FALKSON, HC 1988, 'PROGNOSTIC FACTORS FOR SURVIVAL IN HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA', CANCER RESEARCH, vol. 48, no. 24, pp. 7314-7318.
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Associations between patient characteristics and survival were investigated in 432 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Those patients were prospectively studied by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, and each had his or her diagnosis reconfirmed by a pathology review panel. There were 301 North American and 131 South African patients. Sixty-nine % of the North American patients and 82% of the South African patients were male. There were 187 Black patients, 62 of whom were from North America. The study population is unique among hepatocellular carcinoma patients in that eligibility, evaluability, and endpoint definitions were standardized, and patients from both North America and South Africa received similar treatments at a similar time. Factors with the most significant adverse effect on survival are impaired performance status, male sex, older age, and disease symptoms (jaundice and reduced appetite). There is no apparent difference in survival between White and Black patients within North America, but North American patients survived longer than South African patients. Among the different therapies, p.o. 5-fluorouracil was associated with the poorest median survival time (6 wk), and i.v. 5-fluorouracil plus semustine with the best median survival time (24 wk). © 1988, American Association for Cancer Research. All rights reserved.
FINNEGAN, EJ, TAYLOR, BH, DENNIS, ES & PEACOCK, WJ 1988, 'TRANSCRIPTION OF THE MAIZE TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT AC IN MAIZE SEEDLINGS AND IN TRANSGENIC TOBACCO', MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS, vol. 212, no. 3, pp. 505-509.
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Gladstone, W 1988, 'Killer whale feeding observed underwater', Journal of Mammalogy, vol. 69, pp. 629-630.
Gladstone, W & Westoby, M 1988, 'Growth and reproduction in Canthigaster valentini (Pisces, Tetraodontidae): a comparison of a toxic reef fish with other reef fishes', Environmental Biology of Fishes, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 207-221.
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Hall, P & Wand, MP 1988, 'Minimizing L1 distance in nonparametric density estimation', Journal of Multivariate Analysis, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 59-88.
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HALL, P & WAND, MP 1988, 'On nonparametric discrimination using density differences', Biometrika, vol. 75, no. 3, pp. 541-547.
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Hall, P & Wand, MP 1988, 'On the minimization of absolute distance in kernel density estimation', Statistics & Probability Letters, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 311-314.
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HAYDEN, GE, WALKER, KZ, MILLER, J, WOTHERSPOON, JS & RAISON, RL 1988, 'SIMULTANEOUS CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS FOR THE EXPRESSION OF CYTOPLASMIC AND SURFACE-ANTIGENS IN ACTIVATED T-CELLS', CYTOMETRY, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 44-51.
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A method of two-colour immunofluorescence staining has been developed to allow the simultaneous analysis of both surface and cytoplasmic antigens. This involves the use of direct fluorochrome antibody conjugates for cell-surface antigen staining, followed by cell permeabilization and the staining of cytoplasmic antigens with biotinylated antibodies and streptavidin-fluorochrome conjugates. Fluorochrome-antibody conjugates bound to cell-surface epitopes were found not to be affected by the subsequent permeabilisation and cytoplasmic staining. This method was used to examine the surface phenotype of T cells expressing a cytoplasmic antigen, STA. STA is a unique determinant detected in activated human T cells by the monoclonal antibody K-1-21, which also recognizes a cross-reactive conformation-dependent epitope on human free kappa light chains. Cytometric analysis showed that STA is found in both Leu 2a+ cytotoxic/suppressor T cells and Leu 3a+ helper/inducer T cells but is not induced in the Leu 15+ population which contains suppressor T cells. STA was also shown to be an activation antigen in murine T cells.
HUETE, AR 1988, 'A SOIL-ADJUSTED VEGETATION INDEX (SAVI)', REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 295-309.
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A transformation technique is presented to minimize soil brightness influences from spectral vegetation indices involving red and near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths. Graphically, the transformation involves a shifting of the origin of reflectance spectra plotted in NIR-red wavelength space to account for first-order soil-vegetation interactions and differential red and NIR flux extinction through vegetated canopies. For cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. var DPI-70) and range grass (Eragrostics lehmanniana Nees) canopies, underlain with different soil backgrounds, the transformation nearly eliminated soil-induced variations in vegetation indices. A physical basis for the soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) is subsequently presented. The SAVI was found to be an important step toward the establishment of simple °lobal' that can describe dynamic soil-vegetation systems from remotely sensed data. © 1988.
HUETE, AR & JACKSON, RD 1988, 'SOIL AND ATMOSPHERE INFLUENCES ON THE SPECTRA OF PARTIAL CANOPIES', REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 89-105.
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An atmospheric radiant transfer model was used to compare ground-measured radiances over partially vegetated canopies with their simulated responses at the top of a clear (100 km meteorological range) and a turbid (10 km) atmosphere. Radiance measurements in the first four bands of the Thematic Mapper were taken over incomplete cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and Lehmann lovegrass (Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees) canopies with different soil backgrounds separately inserted underneath. Atmospheric influences on the spectra of partial canopies were found to be significantly dependent on the 'brightness' of the underlying soil. The change in canopy red and near-infrared radiance between the ground and the top of the atmosphere was such that an increase, decrease, or no change could be observed, depending on the magnitude of the canopy substrate contribution. Both increasing soil 'brightness' and atmospheric turbidity lowered the ratio (RVI) and normalized difference vegetation index values (NDVI). Consequently, atmospheric-induced RVI and NDVI degradation were greatest over canopies with darker soils and were not detectable over canopies with light-colored soils. In contrast, soil and atmospheric effects on the perpendicular vegetation index were independent with atmosphere degradation being similar across all soil backgrounds. Soil influences on vegetation indices from partial canopies were found to be of similar magnitude to those attributed to the atmosphere for the range of soil and atmosphere conditions examined here. © 1988.
Ishiga, H, Leitch, EC, Watanabe, T, Naka, T & Iwasaki, M 1988, 'Radiolarian and conodont biostratigraphy of siliceous rocks from the New England Fold Belt', Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 73-80.
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Acid extraction of microfossils from siliceous rocks of the New England Fold Belt has yielded radiolarians, and less commonly conodonts, that are of biostratigraphic value. Rock units, the ages of which have until now been only indirectly estimated, are directly dated, and although some earlier argued ages are confirmed others are younger than previously supposed. Thus the Woolomin Formation, an accretionary subduction complex, has elements of Silurian age but also includes rocks as young as Carboniferous. The Wisemans Arm Formation, once considered to be Late Devonian, contains chert olistoliths as young as Namurian, and a Late Devonian age is indicated for the Watonga Formation, a sequence of ocean floor rocks previously correlated with the Woolomin Formation. These results suggest that some ideas on provenance linkage and terrane amalgamation in the New England Fold Belt need to be reassessed. Several Early Devonian radiolarian assemblages have been identified in the western part of the Hastings Block. Together with a fauna from near Taree in the southeast of the Tamworth Belt they confirm earlier lithological correlations, and support the idea of major strike-slip displacement of the southern part of the Tamworth Belt. © Taylor & Francis Ltd.
LANDSMANN, J, LLEWELLYN, D, DENNIS, ES & PEACOCK, WJ 1988, 'ORGAN REGULATED EXPRESSION OF THE PARASPONIA-ANDERSONII HEMOGLOBIN GENE IN TRANSGENIC TOBACCO PLANTS', MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS, vol. 214, no. 1, pp. 68-73.
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Larkum, AWD 1988, 'High rates of nitrogen fixation on coral skeletons after predation by the crown of thorns starfish Acanthaster planci', Marine Biology, vol. 97, no. 4, pp. 503-506.
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At One Tree Reef, Great Barrier Reef, Australia, between 1983 and 1985, corals killed by the crown of thorns seastar Acanthaster planci L. gave rise to skeletons which were colonised rapidly by blue-green and other algae. For the next 3 to 9 mo these coral skeletons showed over three times more nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) than control substratum rates (9 to 32 nmol vs 3 to 10 nmol C2H2 cm-2 h-1, over all seasons). These values convert to relatively high annual fixation rates of 37 to 127 kg N ha-1 yr-1 but, at the low densities of A. planci on One Tree Reef (ca. 0.65 ha-1), this has little impact on the total nitrogen fixation rate and, as a result, on the level of organic nitrogen in the system. However, it is suggested that on reefs subjected to high aggregations of a. planci such an effect would enhance the level of organic nitrogen and lead to greater primary and secondary production throughout the reef system. © 1988 Springer-Verlag.
Larkum, AWD, Kennedy, IR & Muller, WJ 1988, 'Nitrogen fixation on a coral reef', Marine Biology, vol. 98, no. 1, pp. 143-155.
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Acetylene reduction was used to assess nitrogen fixation on all major substrates at all major areas over a period of 1 to 6 yr (1980-1986) at One Tree Reef (southern Great Barrier Reef). Experiments using 15N2 gave a ratio of 3.45:1.0 for C2H2 reduced:N2 fixed. Acetylene reduction was largely light-dependent, saturated at 0.15 ml C2H2 per ml seawater, and linear over 6 h. High fixation was associated with two emergent cyanophyte associations, Calothrix crustacea and Scytonema hofmannii, of limited distribution. Subtidally, the major contribution to nitrogen fixation came from well-grazed limestone substrates with an epilithic algal community in the reef flat and patch reefs (3 to 15 nmol C2H4 cm-2 h-1). Similar substrates from the outer reef slope showed lower rates. Nitrogen fixation on beach rock, intertidal coral rubble, reef crest and lagoon sand was relatively small (0.3 to 1.0 nmol C2H4 cm-2 h-1). Seasonal changes in light-saturated rates were small, with slight reduction only in winter. Rates are also reported for experimental coral blocks (13 to 39 nmol cm-2 h-1) and for branching coral inside and outside territories of gardening damselfish (3 to 28 nmol cm-2 h-1). This work supports the hypothesis that the high nitrogen fixation on the reef flat and patch reefs of the lagoon (34 to 68 kg N ha-1 yr-1) is because these subtidal areas support highly disturbed communities with the greatest abundance of nitrogen-fixing cyanophyte algae. It is calculated from a budget of all areas that One Tree Reef has an annual nitrogen fixation rate of 8 to 16 kg N ha-1 yr-1. © 1988 Springer-Verlag.
Lockwood, TE 1988, 'Fascial Anchoring Technique in Medial Thigh Lifts', Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, vol. 82, no. 2, pp. 299-304.
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MCAUSLAN, BR, REILLY, W, HANNAN, GN, SCHINDHELM, K, MILTHORPE, B & SAUR, BA 1988, 'INDUCTION OF ENDOTHELIAL-CELL MIGRATION BY PROLINE ANALOGS AND ITS RELEVANCE TO ANGIOGENESIS', EXPERIMENTAL CELL RESEARCH, vol. 176, no. 2, pp. 248-257.
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MCKENZIE, DR, BRULEY, J & SMITH, GB 1988, 'ELECTRON ENERGY-LOSS STUDY OF BONDING IN AMORPHOUS SILICON-CARBON ALLOY-FILMS PREPARED WITH HYDROGEN DILUTION', APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, vol. 53, no. 23, pp. 2284-2286.
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MCKENZIE, DR, SMITH, GB & LIU, ZQ 1988, 'ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION STUDY OF CHEMICAL ORDERING IN GLOW-DISCHARGE A-SI1-XCX-H', PHYSICAL REVIEW B, vol. 37, no. 15, pp. 8875-8881.
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MCKENZIE, JA, RAISON, RL & RIVETT, DE 1988, 'DEVELOPMENT OF A BIFUNCTIONAL CROSSLINKING AGENT WITH POTENTIAL FOR THE PREPARATION OF IMMUNOTOXINS', JOURNAL OF PROTEIN CHEMISTRY, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 581-592.
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MIKULEVICIUS, R & PLATEN, E 1988, 'TIME DISCRETE TAYLOR APPROXIMATIONS FOR ITO PROCESSES WITH JUMP COMPONENT', MATHEMATISCHE NACHRICHTEN, vol. 138, pp. 93-104.
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MILTHORPE, BK, ROGERS, GJ & SCHINDHELM, K 1988, 'MICROCOMPUTER-BASED SYSTEM FOR TENSILE TESTING OF BIOLOGICAL-MATERIALS', MEDICAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTING, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 161-166.
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The tensile testing of biological materials poses specific problems. Biological tissue may slip in the grips of the tensometer during tensile testing, and this needs to be taken into account in the calculation of strain. The inherent variability of tissue samples requires that a large number of samples be analysed to adequately characterise a given biological structure. These problems have been addressed by integrating a digital video dimensional analyser and a microcomputer into a system that can be attached to most tensometers. Features of the system are: automated data acquisition, analysis and filing; resolution of load and extension to better than 0·1 per cent of full scale; and achievable high throughput.
Purser, RJ & Leslie, LM 1988, 'A Semi-Implicit, Semi-Lagrangian Finite-Difference Scheme Using Hligh-Order Spatial Differencing on a Nonstaggered Grid', Monthly Weather Review, vol. 116, no. 10, pp. 2069-2080.
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REIMERS, JR & HELLER, EJ 1988, 'ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CLASSICAL, SEMICLASSICAL, AND QUANTUM DYNAMICS OF A MORSE OSCILLATOR', JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, vol. 92, no. 11, pp. 3225-3235.
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Rice, SA & Knipe, DM 1988, 'Gene-specific transactivation by herpes simplex virus type 1 alpha protein ICP27', Journal of Virology, vol. 62, no. 10, pp. 3814-3823.
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Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) encodes several alpha (immediate-early) gene products that modulate gene expression during viral replication. We report here that the alpha protein ICP27 specifically stimulates expression of a later viral gene, that encoding glycoprotein B (gB). Using temperature-sensitive viral mutants, the effect of ICP27 on HSV-1 protein synthesis was examined at early times after infection or at later times when viral DNA replication was inhibited. Under these conditions, the expression of gB showed a marked dependence on the presence of functional ICP27, whereas several other beta and gamma 1 genes showed a lesser dependence. It was also noted that cells infected with ICP27 temperature sensitive mutants at the nonpermissive temperature showed a reduction in the electrophoretic mobility of the alpha protein ICP4. To examine the mechanism by which ICP27 stimulated gB expression, a plasmid was constructed in which the promoter-regulatory region of the gB gene was fused to the gene encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT). CAT expression from this plasmid was induced significantly by ICP27 expressed from a cotransfected plasmid. Induction of CAT activity by ICP27 correlated well with an increase in the amount of CAT transcripts initiated from the transcriptional start site of the gB gene. The transactivating activity of ICP27 was specific for the gB promoter-regulatory region, as expression from several other HSV-1 promoter-CAT chimeric genes was not stimulated by ICP27. The DNA sequences which conferred the response to ICP27 mapped within 175 base pairs upstream and 41 base pairs downstream of the gB transcriptional start site. Our results suggest that the full expression of gB and perhaps other viral genes during HSV-1 infection requires the combined action of multiple viral transactivators.
Rotem, A & Gladstone, W 1988, 'Movements in the enrolled nurse workforce in New South Wales: results of a survey.', Aust Health Rev, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 110-121.
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2,200 enrolled nurses (ENs) in N.S.W. were surveyed about their current participation in the workforce. The survey showed that ENs tended to move in and out the workforce. More than 75% of respondents had left the EN workforce during their career for an average period of five years. The employment status of three cohorts (1980, 1982, and 1984) of ENs as examined over several years. Most losses from a cohort occurred within the first 12 months; trainee ENs showed the highest losses. Two important movements by ENs in recent years were uncovered. There has been an increase in the proportion of respondents working part-time and casual. Also, in more recent years ther has been an increased return of ENs to the workforce, resulting in a net gain in employment in 1985. In the latter case it appears that the increased returns follow a peak in the number of ENs trained in the late 1970s. As such, the growth in employment in unlikely to continue. The increase in the rate of return may also relate to the shortage of RNs. Shortages of nurses may have increased the opportunities for part-time or preferred shifts employment which attracted ENs to return to the workforce. ENs seem to leave the workforce due to family reasons particularly child bearing. The most frequently mentioned reason for returning to work is financial necessity. Whilst the turnover indicated in this study is high the net wastage is very low. Whilst the rate of loss remains constant the rate of return increases. It is difficult to determine whether the low wastage rate means that ENs are not as dissatisfied as they reported in this study or that they do not have better employment opportunities.
RYAN, LM & ORAV, EJ 1988, 'ON THE USE OF COVARIATES FOR RODENT BIOASSAY AND SCREENING EXPERIMENTS', BIOMETRIKA, vol. 75, no. 4, pp. 631-637.
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Consider a three-state compartmental model with an initial, an absorbing and an intermediate state which may or may not be entered before absorption. Observable data are time to absorption and an indication of whether the intermediate state was entered, but not the time of transition. The transition rates characterizing the process are nonidentifiable without simplifying assumptions or additional information on the prevalence function, defined as the time specific proportion of nonabsorbed individuals in the intermediate state. Our approach makes prevalence identifiable and easily estimable through the use of covariates, combined with one or more random screens of the population. The results are illustrated with pathology data from a rodent tumourigenicity experiment involving several random sacrifices. © 1988 Biometrika Trust.
Schorah, CJ, Bishop, N, Wales, JK, Hansbro, PM & Habibzadeh, N 1988, 'Blood vitamin C concentrations in patients with diabetes mellitus.', Int J Vitam Nutr Res, vol. 58, no. 3, pp. 312-318.
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Plasma and buffy layer vitamin C concentrations have been measured in insulin dependent and non-insulin dependent diabetic patients and the results compared with age and gender matched non-diabetic controls. No differences were found between the controls and the diabetics nor between the different types of diabetes, although patients who had had clinical diabetes for longer had higher plasma vitamin C values than patients in whom the disease was not long standing. There were no significant changes in the distribution of vitamin C between plasma and white cells in the diabetic nor in patients with marked hyperglycaemia. We conclude that the vitamin C intakes of the majority of diabetic patients we studied, who are probably typical of diabetics receiving hospital treatment in the United Kingdom, are adequate and are sufficient to maintain satisfactory plasma and buffy layer vitamin C concentrations. These findings are discussed in the light of reports which have shown lower levels of vitamin C in the blood of diabetic patients and competition between vitamin C and glucose for transport across the cell membrane.
SIEGEL, RD, RYAN, LM & ANTMAN, KH 1988, 'ADULTS WITH EWINGS-SARCOMA - AN ANALYSIS OF 16 PATIENTS AT THE DANA-FARBER-CANCER-INSTITUTE', AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY-CANCER CLINICAL TRIALS, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 614-617.
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Simpson, AM & White, IG 1988, 'Measurement and manipulation of cytoplasmic free calcium of ram and boar spermatozoa using quin 2', Cell Calcium, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 45-56.
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The highly selective fluorescent Ca2+ indicator `quin 2 has been loaded into ram and boar spermatozoa as the acetoxymethyl ester, `quin 2/AM, which is hydrolysed and trapped in the cytoplasm. Loadings of several mM were not toxic to spermatozoa as judged by motility. Fluorescence measurements (mean + S.E.M.) indicated a normal cytoptasmic free-calcium concentration, [Ca2+]i, of 193nM f 0.2 (n= 10) for ejaculated ram sperm, 175nM 5 3.9 (n= 10) for cauda epididymal boar sperm and 105nM `_ 10 (n= 10) for the caput sperm. After cold shock ejaculated mm and cauda epididymal boar sperm did not retain quin 2, due presumably to structural damage. However, cold shocked caput boar sperm could be readily loaded with quin 2 and had a [Ca2+]i similar to control sperm.
SMITH, WL, LESLIE, LM, DIAK, GR, GOODMAN, BM, VELDEN, CS, CALLAN, GM, RAYMOND, W & WADE, GS 1988, 'The integration of meteorological satellite imagery and numerical dynamical forecast models', Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, vol. 324, no. 1579, pp. 317-323.
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Imagery of clouds, water vapour, and thermal structure as achieved in real-time from geostationary satellites can play an important role in the dynamic verification and reinitialization of numerical weather-prediction models used for short-range prediction of intense weather. By overlaying hourly interval model forecast fields over satellite imagery, the validity of the evolving forecast can be subjectively assessed and phase and amplitude errors can be diagnosed in a dynamic manner. Videographic interactive computer systems designed for the purpose should enable improved numerical weather forecasts to be made through the dynamic use of satellite imagery. This approach is demonstrated by using the Man—Computer Interactive Data Access System (McIDAS) at the University of Wisconsin for a case of the development of a cyclone over the east coast of the U.S.A.
Street, JO, Carroll, RJ & Ruppert, D 1988, 'A Note on Computing Robust Regression Estimates via Iteratively Reweighted Least Squares', The American Statistician, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 152-154.
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The 1985 SAS User’s Guide: Statistics provides a method for computing robust regression estimates using iterative reweighted least squares and the nonlinear regression procedure NLIN. We show that the estimates are asymptotically correct, although the resulting standard errrors are not. We also discuss computation of the estimates. © 1988 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
TRICK, M, DENNIS, ES, EDWARDS, KJR & PEACOCK, WJ 1988, 'MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF THE ALCOHOL-DEHYDROGENASE GENE FAMILY OF BARLEY', PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 147-160.
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WALKER, JC, DENNIS, ES & PEACOCK, WJ 1988, 'REGULATION OF MAIZE ADH1 TRANSCRIPTION DURING LOW-OXYGEN STRESS', FASEB JOURNAL, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. A1330-A1330.
WALKER, KZ, SEYMOURMUNN, K, TOWSON, JE, AXIAK, SM, RAISON, RL, BAUTOVITCH, GJ, MORRIS, J & BASTEN, A 1988, 'RADIOIMMUNOLOCALIZATION AND SELECTIVE DELIVERY OF RADIATION IN A RAT MODEL SYSTEM - COMPARISON OF INTACT AND FRAGMENTED ANTIBODY', NUCLEAR MEDICINE COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 9, no. 7, pp. 517-526.
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Watters, RL, Carroll, RJ & Spiegelman, CH 1988, 'Heteroscedastic calibration using analyzed reference materials as calibration standards', Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, vol. 93, no. 3, pp. 264-264.
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WILSON, MR, MULLIGAN, SP & RAISON, RL 1988, 'A NEW MICROSPHERE-BASED IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE ASSAY FOR ANTIBODIES TO MEMBRANE-ASSOCIATED ANTIGENS', JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS, vol. 107, no. 2, pp. 231-237.
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The screening of panels of hybridoma supernatants for specific secreted monoclonal antibodies is often achieved by cellular immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometric analysis. In some circumstances such assays are difficult because the required antigen-bearing cell population is not suitable for use in flow cytometry, has limited cell cycle expression or poor in vitro growth. A method is presented here that provides a solution to these difficulties. A system was developed, using polyacrylamide microspheres coupled with cell membranes, which permitted the production of an easily stored, standardised antigen source which could be used in subsequent flow cytometric assays. Studies comparing the binding of antibodies to whole cells and cell membrane-coupled microspheres indicate a strong qualitative and quantitative correlation in the expression of surface antigens. It is shown here that membrane antigens can be stored coupled to microspheres for months and still retain good reactivity with the appropriate antibodies. This same technique could be used in studies of antigens other than those of the mammalian cell membrane - for example, membrane antigens of sub-cellular organelles such as the mitochondrion and endoplasmic reticulum, plant or bacterial membrane antigens, or antigens not associated with membranes such as viral protein
Wu, MC & Carroll, RJ 1988, 'Estimation and Comparison of Changes in the Presence of Informative Right Censoring by Modeling the Censoring Process', Biometrics, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 175-175.
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