Aldershof, B, Marron, JS, Park, BU & Wand, MP 1995, 'Facts about the gaussian probability density function', Applicable Analysis, vol. 59, no. 1-4, pp. 289-306.
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Bannari, A, Morin, D, Bonn, F & Huete, AR 1995, 'A review of vegetation indices', Remote Sensing Reviews, vol. 13, no. 1-2, pp. 95-120.
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In the field of remote sensing applications, scientists have developed vegetation indices (VI) for qualitatively and quantitatively evaluating vegetative covers using spectral measurements. The spectral response of vegetated areas presents a complex mixture of vegetation, soil brightness, environmental effects, shadow, soil color and moisture. Moreover, the VI is affected by spatial-temporal variations of the atmosphere. Over forty vegetation indices have been developed during the last two decades in order to enhance vegetation response and minimize the effects of the factors described above. This paper summarizes, refers and discusses most of the vegetation indices found in the literature. It presents different existing classifications of indices and proposes to group them in a new classification. -Authors
Beer, PD, Chen, Z, Drew, MGB & Gale, PA 1995, 'Synthesis and X-ray crystal structure of a new redox-active calix[5]arene containing a totally included ethanol molecule', Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, no. 18, pp. 1851-1851.
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BOOTH, DJ 1995, 'JUVENILE GROUPS IN A CORAL-REEF DAMSELFISH - DENSITY-DEPENDENT EFFECTS ON INDIVIDUAL FITNESS AND POPULATION DEMOGRAPHY', ECOLOGY, vol. 76, no. 1, pp. 91-106.
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Costs and benefits to group living in animals may affect the fitness of individual group members and also demography of the population. The effects of grouping on the growth, survival, and attainment of maturity of juveniles of an Hawaiian coral-reef dam
BOTTEN, LC, MCPHEDRAN, RC & MILTON, GW 1995, 'PERFECTLY CONDUCTING LAMELLAR GRATINGS - BABINETS PRINCIPLE AND CIRCUIT MODELS', JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS, vol. 42, no. 12, pp. 2453-2473.
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We consider rigorous modal formulations for the diffraction of plane electromagnetic waves of infinitesimally thin, perfectly conducting strip gratings. The formulations that are considered involve either modes for expanding fields in the gaps between co
BROWN, G, DOOLEY, AH & LAKE, J 1995, 'ON THE KRIEGER-ARAKI-WOODS RATIO SET', TOHOKU MATHEMATICAL JOURNAL, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 1-13.
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Brown, G, Dooley, AH & Lake, J 1995, 'On the Krieger-Araki-Woods ratio set', Tohoku Mathematical Journal, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 1-13.
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We show how to calculate the ratio sets of g-measures as limit points of infinite products of the associated g-functions. In particular, we show that every g-measure is of type III1. © 1995 Tohoku University, Mathematical Institute.
BUSHELL, GR, WATSON, GS, HOLT, SA & MYHRA, S 1995, 'Imaging and nano‐dissection of tobacco mosaic virus by atomic force microscopy', Journal of Microscopy, vol. 180, no. 2, pp. 174-181.
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SummaryTobacco mosaic virus (TMV) has been deposited on freshly cleaved mica substrates. The topography was investigated by contact, non‐contact and lateral‐force microscopy under ambient conditions in air. The results were in accord with known dimensions of TMV (i.e. 18 nm in diameter and 300 nm in length). However, convolution of tip shape with TMV morphology resulted in an apparent width of 80–140 nm in the lateral plane, a factor of 4–7 greater than the known diameter. Other artefacts ‐ broadening and double images ‐ were observed and ascribed to tip anomalies.High force loadings and slow repetitive scanning resulted in controlled removal of parts of the TMV structure. Accordingly, it was possible to reveal and image the central core channel of the TMV. The precision and resolution of dissection induced by AFM is currently limited by the shape of the tip, having a 40‐nm radius of curvature for standard Si3N4 tips. It is estimated that sharper tips, with a radius of curvature of less than 10 nm, should be able to resolve, non‐destructively, the protein subunits in the non‐contact mode, and selectively remove single subunits in the contact mode.
Carroll, RJ, Wang, S & Wang, CY 1995, 'Prospective Analysis of Logistic Case-Control Studies', Journal of the American Statistical Association, vol. 90, no. 429, pp. 157-157.
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Carroll, RJ, Wang, S & Wang, CY 1995, 'Prospective Analysis of Logistic Case-Control Studies', Journal of the American Statistical Association, vol. 90, no. 429, pp. 157-169.
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In a classical case-control study, Prentice and Pyke proposed to ignore the study design and instead base estimation and inference on a random sampling (i.e., prospective) formulation. We generalize this prospective formulation of case-control studies to include multiplicative models, stratification, missing data, measurement error, robustness, and other examples. The resulting estimators, which ignore the case-control study aspect and instead are based on a random-sampling formulation, are typically consistent for nonintercept parameters and are asymptotically normally distributed. We derive the resulting asymptotic covariance matrix of the parameter estimates. The covariance matrix obtained by ignoring the case-control sampling scheme and using prospective formulas instead is shown to be at worst asymptotically conservative and asymptotically correct in a variety of problems; a simple sufficient condition guaranteeing the latter is obtained. © 1995 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Catalano, PJ, Chang, LY, Harkema, JR, Kaden, DA, Last, JA, Mellick, PW, Parks, WC, Pinkerton, KE, Radhakrishnamurthy, B & Ryan, LM 1995, 'Consequences of prolonged inhalation of ozone on F344/N rats: collaborative studies. Part XI: Integrative Summary.', Res Rep Health Eff Inst, no. 65 Pt 11, pp. 1-54.
Catalano, PJ, Rogus, J & Ryan, LM 1995, 'Consequences of prolonged inhalation of ozone on F344/N rats: collaborative studies. Part X: Robust composite scores based on median polish analysis.', Res Rep Health Eff Inst, no. 65 Pt 10, pp. 1-57.
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This report describes some of the statistical methods used to analyze data from the National Toxicology Program/Health Effects Institute Collaborative Ozone Project. The purpose of the collaborative study was to assess the health effects of chronic ozone inhalation. Data were obtained from a subset of 164 F344/N rats dedicated to use by the Health Effects Institute from a standard ozone inhalation study conducted by Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories for the National Toxicology Program. The study involved eight groups of investigators, each assessing different types of ozone-related health effects. These included studies of respiratory function and of structural, cellular, and biochemical changes in the lungs and airways. Designing and analyzing a study with several groups of investigators raises many statistical challenges. The highest design priority for this study was that each investigation be individually interpretable as an independent study. This meant that each investigator had to receive an adequate number of animals, balanced with respect to level of ozone exposure and other factors such as the gender of the rats and the time they were killed. Another feature of the collaborative study was the opportunity it provided to assess and quantify the effect of ozone exposure on a broad spectrum of endpoints, and to explore the relations between the different types of effect. Maximizing the potential to assess these correlations required that the individual animals studied by the different groups of investigators overlap as much as possible. This aspect of the statistical design required careful consideration of the compatibility between various investigations. Fortunately, the degree of compatibility was substantial. In many cases, for example, it was possible to assess respiratory function in the animals before they were killed, and then to divide the tissue among several different investigators. This report concentrates on the methods that wer...
Coupland, M 1995, 'Book review', Mathematics Education Research Journal, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 87-89.
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COUPLAND, M 1995, 'UNDERSTANDING IN MATHEMATICS - SIERPINSKA,A', EDUCATIONAL REVIEW, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 232-232.
Craddock, M 1995, 'The Symmetry Groups of Linear Partial Differential Equations and Representation Theory, 1', Journal of Differential Equations, vol. 116, no. 1, pp. 202-247.
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We study the symmetry groups of three closely related PDEs. It is shown that the symmetry groups for these equations are actually global Lie groups and that the symmetry operations arise from standard group representation theory via inter-twinning operators dericed from the fundamental solutions of the equations.
DAVIES, MJ, FU, SL & DEAN, RT 1995, 'PROTEIN HYDROPEROXIDES CAN GIVE RISE TO REACTIVE FREE-RADICALS', BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL, vol. 305, pp. 643-649.
DLIGATCH, S, NG, MW, SMITH, GB, REUBEN, AJ, RADCHIK, AV & VAGOV, AV 1995, 'NEW EFFECTIVE-MEDIUM MODELS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS', VACUUM, vol. 46, no. 8-10, pp. 935-938.
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Thin films and many surfaces often have complex structures which are conveniently analysed for overall optical response by effective medium models. Examples from new deposition techniques and new exact theory are presented that highlight effects that are
DOBLIN, MA & CLAYTON, MN 1995, 'EFFECTS OF SECONDARILY TREATED SEWAGE EFFLUENT ON THE EARLY LIFE-HISTORY STAGES OF 2 SPECIES OF BROWN MACROALGAE - HORMOSIRA-BANKSII AND DURVILLAEA-POTATORUM', MARINE BIOLOGY, vol. 122, no. 4, pp. 689-698.
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Sewage effluent has a deleterious effect on the early life-history stages of Hosmosira banksii (Turner) Decaisne and Durvillaea potatorum (Labillardiere) Areschoug. High concentrations of sewage effluent (28 and 40% in seawater) inhibit zygote germinatio
DOOLEY, AH & RICFCI, F 1995, 'CHARACTERIZATION OF G-INVARIANT FOURIER ALGEBRAS', BOLLETTINO DELLA UNIONE MATEMATICA ITALIANA, vol. 9A, no. 1, pp. 37-45.
Edmonds, IR, Moore, GI, Smith, GB & Swift, PD 1995, 'Daylighting enhancement with light pipes coupled to laser-cut light-deflecting panels', Lighting Research and Technology, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 27-35.
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The daylighting of small interior rooms via skylight and vertical light pipe may be enhanced by deflecting low-elevation light more directly through the light pipe using laser-cut light deflecting panels. Theoretical expressions for light transmission versus elevation through simple light pipes and light pipes coupled to laser-cut panels are developed and compared with measurements using a commercial light pipe. Predictions of hourly illumination levels in typical rooms are obtained. The agreement of theory and experiment justifies extrapolation to very long light pipes, the results of which suggest that light pipes coupled with deflecting panels should be effective in daylighting through several stories of a building. © 1995, SAGE Publications. All rights reserved.
ELLIS, J & MORRISON, D 1995, 'EFFECTS OF SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT ON THE PHYLOGENY OF SARCOCYSTIS DEDUCED FROM 18S RDNA SEQUENCES', PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH, vol. 81, no. 8, pp. 696-699.
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ELLIS, J, MORRISON, DA & KALINNA, B 1995, 'COMPARISON OF THE PATTERNS OF CODON USAGE AND BIAS BETWEEN BRUGIA, ECHINOCOCCUS, ONCHOCERCA AND SCHISTOSOMA SPECIES', PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH, vol. 81, no. 5, pp. 388-393.
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ELLIS, JT & MORRISON, DA 1995, 'SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI - PATTERNS OF CODON USAGE AND BIAS', PARASITOLOGY, vol. 110, pp. 53-60.
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Codon usage and bias has been examined in 20 genes of Schistosoma mansoni. Significant heterogeneity was detected in the patterns of codon usage and bias among genes by metric multidimensional scaling and three general indictors of bias (GC(3s,) N-c and
ELLIS, JT, LUTON, K, BAVERSTOCK, PR, WHITWORTH, G, TENTER, AM & JOHNSON, AM 1995, 'PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN TOXOPLASMA AND SARCOCYSTIS DEDUCED FROM A COMPARISON OF 18S RDNA SEQUENCES', PARASITOLOGY, vol. 110, pp. 521-528.
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The current taxonomy of parasites in the genus Sarcocystis is largely based on morphological characteristics as well as on host specificity and life-cycle structure. Recently, phylogenetic analyses of partial ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences provided suppo
Ellis, JT, Luton, K, Whitworth, G & Johnson, AM 1995, 'Phylogenetic relationships between Toxoplasma and sarcocystis deduced from a comparison of 18S rDNA sequences', Parasitology, vol. 110, no. 5, pp. 521-528.
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The current taxonomy of parasites in the genus Sarcocystis is largely based on morphological characteristics as well as on host specificity and life-cycle structure. Recently, phylogenetic analyses of partial ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences provided support for paraphyly of Sarcocystis. We have tested the validity of this hypothesis by sequencing the complete 18S rRNA genes of Sarcocystis arieticanis, Sarcocystis gigantea and Sarcocystis tenella and comparing them with gene sequences derived from other taxa of the phylum Apicomplexa. The results obtained from this study do not reject the hypothesis of monophyly of Sarcocystis species, although the bootstrap data were inconclusive for some species. © 1995, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.
EPIPHANIO, JCN & HUETE, AR 1995, 'DEPENDENCE OF NDVI AND SAVI ON SUN SENSOR GEOMETRY AND ITS EFFECT ON FAPAR RELATIONSHIPS IN ALFALFA', REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 351-360.
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This article describes the impacts of sensor view and solar zenith angles on two vegetation indices -NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) and SAVI (soil adjusted vegetation index). An evaluation of these geometric factors on the relationships between these VIs (vegetation indices) and fAPAR (fraction of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by the canopy) was performed. To accomplish this, an experiment was conducted in Phoenix, Arizona, over plots of bare soil and low, medium, and high alfalfa. Reflectances were measured from 0.4 μm to 1.0 μm in nine view angles (from -40° to + 40°, in 10° steps) over varying solar zenith angles. This was done simultaneously with fAPAR measurements. Changes in view angle caused variations in the indices to be as high as 50% in relation to nadir. However, there was an opposite view angle behavior between NDVI and SAVI, with the former increasing from antisolar to forward scattering view direction. A derivative analysis of the indices showed the SAVI to exhibit a more linear relationship than NDVI with the individual bands. The relationships between both VIs and fAPAR were, in general, linear. However, view angle variations perturbed these relationships and caused an over- or underestimation of fAPAR, depending on view direction (antisolar or forward), view angle, and vegetation index (NDVI or SAVI). © 1995.
Fan, J, Heckman, NE & Wand, MP 1995, 'Local Polynomial Kernel Regression for Generalized Linear Models and Quasi-Likelihood Functions', Journal of the American Statistical Association, vol. 90, no. 429, pp. 141-150.
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Fan, J, Heckman, NE & Wand, MP 1995, 'Local polynomial kernel regression for generalized linear models and quasi-likelihood functions', Journal of the American Statistical Association, vol. 90, no. 429, pp. 141-150.
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We investigate the extension of the nonparametric regression technique of local polynomial fitting with a kernel weight to generalized linear models and quasi-likelihood contexts. In the ordinary regression case, local polynomial fitting has been seen to have several appealing features in terms of intuitive and mathematical simplicity. One noteworthy feature is the better performance near the boundaries compared to the traditional kernel regression estimators. These properties are shown to carry over to generalized linear model and quasi-likelihood settings. We also derive the asymptotic distributions of the proposed class of estimators that allow for straightforward interpretation and extensions of state-of-the-art bandwidth selection methods. © 1995 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Fan, J, Heckman, NE & Wand, MP 1995, 'Local Polynomial Kernel Regression for Generalized Linear Models and Quasi-Likelihood Functions', Journal of the American Statistical Association, vol. 90, no. 429, pp. 141-141.
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Field, CD 1995, 'Impact of expected climate change on mangroves', Hydrobiologia, vol. 295, no. 1-3, pp. 75-81.
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There is a consensus of scientific opinion that the activities of man will cause a significant change in the global climate over the next hundred years. The rising level of carbon dioxide and other industrial gases in the atmosphere may lead to global warming with an accompanying rise in sea-level. Mangrove ecosystems grow in the intertidal zones in tropical and sub-tropical regions and are likely to be early indicators of the effects of climate change. The best estimates of predicted climate change in the literature are presented. It is suggested that a rise in mean sea-level may be the most important factor influencing the future distribution of mangroves but that the effect will vary dramatically depending on the local rate of sea-level rise and the availability of sediment to support reestablishment of the mangroves. The predicted rise in mean air temperature will probably be of little consequence to the development of mangroves in general but it may mean that the presence of mangroves will move further north and south, though this will depend on a number of additional factors. The effect of enhanced atmospheric CO2 on the growth of mangroves is unknown at this time but that there is some evidence that not all species of mangroves will respond similarly. The socio-economic impacts of the effects of climate on mangrove ecosystems may include increased risk of flooding, increased erosion of coast lines, saline intrusion and increased storm surges. © 1995 Kluwer Academic Publishers.
FORD, MJ, DOERING, JP, COPLAN, MA, COOPER, JW & MOORE, JH 1995, '(E,3E) OBSERVATION OF THE ANGULAR-CORRELATION BETWEEN EJECTED AND AUGER ELECTRONS IN THE DOUBLE-IONIZATION OF MAGNESIUM', PHYSICAL REVIEW A, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 418-423.
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FORD, MJ, DOERING, JP, MOORE, JH & COPLAN, MA 1995, 'MULTIPLE DETECTOR TRIPLE COINCIDENCE SPECTROMETER FOR (E,3E) ELECTRON-IMPACT DOUBLE-IONIZATION MEASUREMENTS', REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS, vol. 66, no. 5, pp. 3137-3143.
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FU, SL, GEBICKI, S, JESSUP, W, GEBICKI, JM & DEAN, RT 1995, 'BIOLOGICAL FATE OF AMINO-ACID, PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN HYDROPEROXIDES', BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL, vol. 311, pp. 821-827.
FU, SL, HICK, LA, SHEIL, MM & DEAN, RT 1995, 'STRUCTURAL IDENTIFICATION OF VALINE HYDROPEROXIDES AND HYDROXIDES ON RADICAL-DAMAGED AMINO-ACID, PEPTIDE, AND PROTEIN MOLECULES', FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 281-292.
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Fukui, S, Watanabe, T, Itaya, T & Leitch, EC 1995, 'Middle Ordovician high PT metamorphic rocks in eastern Australia: Evidence from K‐Ar ages', Tectonics, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 1014-1020.
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Phengite, separated from a metagabbro, three blueschist, and one metabasite that occur as blocks in serpentinite melange in the New England Fold Belt, eastern Australia, has yielded K‐Ar ages of 465 – 480 Ma, significantly older than the age of most components of the belt. The schists and metabasite contain either glaucophane and/or crossite intergrown with the phengite, providing the first conclusive evidence for early Paleozoic subduction accretion associated with the east Gondwana margin. The tectonic affinity of the blocks is uncertain. They and other small early Paleozoic convergent margin elements in the New England Fold Belt may be allochthonous remnants of an arc system accreted in the Devonian or Carboniferous, or they may be related to early Paleozoic convergent margin components found farther inboard in the Paleozoic fold belts of eastern Australia.
George, AM, Hall, RM & Stokes, HW 1995, 'Multidrug resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae: a novel gene, ramA, confers a multidrug resistance phenotype in Escherichia coli', Microbiology, vol. 141, no. 8, pp. 1909-1920.
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Spontaneous multidrug-resistant (Mdr) mutants of Klebsiella pneumoniae strain ECL8 arose at a frequency of 2-2 � 10-8 and showed increased resistance to a range of unrelated antibiotics, including chloramphenicol, tetracycline, nalidixic acid, ampicillin, norfloxacin, trimethoprim and puromycin. A chromosomal fragment from one such mutant was cloned, and found to confer an Mdr phenotype on Escherichia coli K12 cells that was essentially identical to that of the K. pneumoniae mutant. Almost complete loss of the OmpF porin in the E. coli transformant, and of the corresponding porin in the K. pneumoniae mutant, was observed. The presence of the Mdr mutation in K. pneumoniae or the cloned K. pneumoniae ramA (resistance antibiotic multiple) locus in E. coli also resulted in active efflux of tetracycline, and increased active efflux of chloramphenicol. After transformation of a ramA plasmid into E. coli, expression of chloramphenicol resistance occurred later than expression of resistance to tetracycline, puromycin, trimethoprim and nalidixic acid. The ramA gene was localized and sequenced. It encodes a putative positive transcriptional activator that is weakly related to the E. coli MarA and SoxS proteins. A ramA gene was also found to be present in an Enterobacter cloacae fragment that has previously been shown to confer an Mdr phenotype, and it appears that ramA, rather than the romA gene identified in that study, is responsible for multidrug resistance. The ramA
Godambe, VP 1995, '[Inference Based on Estimating Functions in the Presence of Nuisance Parameters]: Comment', Statistical Science, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 158-173.
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GOETGHEBEUR, ELS & RYAN, L 1995, 'Analysis of competing risks survival data when some failure types are missing', Biometrika, vol. 82, no. 4, pp. 821-833.
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We propose a method to analyse competing risks survival data when failure types are missing for some individuals. Our approach is based on a standard proportional hazards structure for each of the failure types, and involves the solution to estimating equations. We present consistent and asymptotically normal estimators of the regression coefficients and related score tests. An appealing feature is that individuals with known failure types make the same contributions as they would to a standard proportional hazards analysis. Contributions of individuals with unknown failure types are weighted according to the probability that they failed from the cause of interest. Efficiency and robustness are discussed. Results are illustrated with data from a breast cancer trial. © 1995 Biometrika Trust.
Graham, JD, Roman, SD, McGowan, E, Sutherland, RL & Clarke, CL 1995, 'Preferential Stimulation of Human Progesterone Receptor B Expression by Estrogen in T-47D Human Breast Cancer Cells', Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 270, no. 51, pp. 30693-30700.
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GROVER, A, LLEWELLYN, D & DENNIS, ES 1995, 'MODIFICATION OF VACUOLAR CHITINASE AND OSMOTIN CDNAS OF TOBACCO FOR EXTRACELLULAR SECRETION AND THEIR CLONING WITH CAMV 35S PROMOTER', JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 41-42.
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Gutierrez, RG, Carroll, RJ, Wang, N, Lee, G-H & Taylor, BH 1995, 'Analysis of Tomato Root Initiation Using a Normal Mixture Distribution', Biometrics, vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 1461-1461.
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Harry, EJ, Pogliano, K & Losick, R 1995, 'Use of immunofluorescence to visualize cell-specific gene expression during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis', Journal of Bacteriology, vol. 177, no. 12, pp. 3386-3393.
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We have adapted immunofluorescence microscopy for use in Bacillus subtilis and have employed this procedure for visualizing cell-specific gene expression at early to intermediate stages of sporulation. Sporangia were doubly stained with propidium iodide to visualize the forespore and mother cell nucleoids and with fluorescein-conjugated antibodies to visualize the location of beta-galactosidase produced under the control of the sporulation RNA polymerase sigma factors sigma E and sigma F. In confirmation and extension of earlier reports, we found that expression of a lacZ fusion under the control of sigma E was confined to the mother cell compartment of sporangia at the septation (II) and engulfment (III) stages of morphogenesis. Conversely, sigma F-directed gene expression was confined to the forespore compartment of sporangia at postseptation stages of development. Little indication was found for sigma E- or sigma F-directed gene expression prior to septation or in both compartments of postseptation sporangia. Gene expression under the control of the forespore sigma factor sigma G also exhibited a high level of compartmentalization. A high proportion of sporangia exhibited fluorescence in our immunostaining protocol, which should be suitable for the subcellular localization of sporulation proteins for which specific antibodies are available.
HERRMANN, E, WAND, MP, ENGEL, J & GASSER, T 1995, 'A BANDWIDTH SELECTOR FOR BIVARIATE KERNEL REGRESSION', JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES B-METHODOLOGICAL, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 171-180.
Hofmeister, AEM, Londono-Vallejo, A, Harry, E, Stragier, P & Losick, R 1995, 'Extracellular signal protein triggering the proteolytic activation of a developmental transcription factor in B. subtilis', Cell, vol. 83, no. 2, pp. 219-226.
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We present biochemical evidence for an intercellular signal transduction pathway in B. subtilis. This pathway governs the conversion of the proprotein pro-θE to the mature transcription factor θE. Proteolytic processing is mediated by the membrane protein SpoIIGA and is triggered by the inferred extracellular signal protein SpoIIR. A factor in conditioned medium from B. subtilis cells engineered to produce SpoIIR during growth triggered processing in protoplasts of B. subtilis cells that had been engineered to produce SpoIIGA and pro-ÏE The factor was also detected in, and partially purified from, extracts of SpoIIR-producing cells of E. coli. We speculate that SpoIIGA is both a receptor and a protease and that SpoIIR interacts with SpolIGA on the outside of the cytoplasmic membrane, activating the intracellular protease domain of SpolIGA.
Holt, SA, Zhao, R & Myhra, S 1995, 'Aqueous degradation of Bi-2212 single crystals: an AFM study of surface alteration', Applied Surface Science, vol. 84, no. 2, pp. 125-131.
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Holzapfel, CW, Bradley, D & Williams, G 1995, 'A facile route to 3a,8a-dihydrofuro[2,3-b]benzofurans', Tetrahedron, vol. 51, no. 31, pp. 8555-8564.
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HOSSAIN, MA, HUG, E & HODGES, TK 1995, 'SEQUENCE OF A CDNA FROM ORYZA-SATIVA (L) ENCODING THE PYRUVATE DECARBOXYLASE-1 GENE (VOL 106, PG 799, 1994)', PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, vol. 108, no. 2, pp. 881-881.
HOSSAIN, MA, MCGEE, JD, GROVER, A, DENNIS, E, PEACOCK, WJ & HODGES, TK 1995, 'NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE OF A RICE GENOMIC PYRUVATE DECARBOXYLASE GENE THAT LACKS INTRONS - A PSEUDO-GENE (VOL 106, PG 1697, 1994)', PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, vol. 108, no. 2, pp. 881-881.
HUFF, JW, MILTHORPE, BK & TAN, A 1995, 'QUANTITATION OF PROTEIN DEPOSITS ON RIGID GAS-PERMEABLE CONTACT-LENSES', INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. S144-S144.
HUSH, NS & REIMERS, JR 1995, 'VIBRATIONAL STARK SPECTROSCOPY .1. BASIC THEORY AND APPLICATION TO THE CO STRETCH', JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, vol. 99, no. 43, pp. 15798-15805.
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Iwata, K, Schmidt, BL, Leitch, EC, Allan, AD & Watanabe, T 1995, 'Ordovidan microfossils from the Ballast Formation (Girilambone Group) of New South Wales', Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 371-376.
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The Ballast Formation (Girilambone Group) comprises quartzose sandstone turbidite and siltstone, and less common chert and mafic-intermediate igneous rocks, that unconformably underlie Early Devonian strata in a wide tract of north central New South Wales. Conodonts and radiolarians extracted by acid dissolution of cherty rocks, indicate that the unit is of Llanvim-early Caradoc (Darriwilian-Gisbomian) age. The Ballast Formation is a basinal sequence of cratonic derivation, but the limits of its depositional realm are poorly established. © 1990 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
JACOBSENLYON, K, JENSEN, EO, JORGENSEN, JE, MARCKER, KA, PEACOCK, WJ & DENNIS, ES 1995, 'SYMBIOTIC AND NONSYMBIOTIC HEMOGLOBIN GENES OF CASUARINA-GLAUCA', PLANT CELL, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 213-223.
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KALCEFF, MAS & PHILLIPS, MR 1995, 'CATHODOLUMINESCENCE MICROCHARACTERIZATION OF THE DEFECT STRUCTURE OF QUARTZ', PHYSICAL REVIEW B, vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 3122-3134.
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Cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy has been used to investigate the irradiation-sensitive defect structure of ultrapure synthetic quartz at 295 and 80 K. CL emissions are identified with particular defect centers. Insight into the processes of defect
KALCEFF, MAS & PHILLIPS, MR 1995, 'ELECTRON-IRRADIATION-INDUCED OUTGROWTHS FROM QUARTZ', JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, vol. 77, no. 8, pp. 4125-4127.
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Kim, MY, Pasternack, BS, Carroll, RJ, Koenig, KL & Toniolo, PG 1995, 'Estimating the reliability of an exposure variable in the presence of confounders', Statistics in Medicine, vol. 14, no. 13, pp. 1437-1446.
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AbstractIn this paper we discuss estimation of the reliability of an exposure variable in the presence of confounders measured without error. We give an explicit formula that shows how the exposure becomes less reliable as the degree of correlation between the exposure and confounders increases. We also discuss biases in the corresponding logistic regression estimates and methods for correction. Data from a matched case‐control study of hormone levels and risk of breast cancer are used to illustrate the methods.
KLOEDEN, PE, PLATEN, E & HOFMANN, N 1995, 'EXTRAPOLATION METHODS FOR THE WEAK APPROXIMATION OF ITO DIFFUSIONS', SIAM JOURNAL ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 1519-1534.
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Higher-order weak extrapolation methods for the approximation of functionals of Ito diffusions are considered. Under appropriate regularity conditions it is shown that extrapolations allow a considerable increase in the weak order of convergence of a dis
Landin, R, Freedman, L & Carroll, R 1995, 'Corrections: Adjusting for Time Trends When Estimating the Relationship between Dietary Intake Obtained from a Food Frequency Questionnaire and True Average Intake', Biometrics, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 1196-1196.
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Landin, R, Freedman, LS & Carroll, RJ 1995, 'Adjusting for Time Trends When Estimating the Relationship between Dietary Intake Obtained from a Food Frequency Questionnaire and True Average Intake', Biometrics, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 169-169.
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Langford, SJ, Pérez-García, L & Stoddart, JF 1995, 'Self-assembly in chemical synthesis', Supramolecular Chemistry, vol. 6, no. 1-2, pp. 11-27.
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Larkum, AWD 1995, 'Halophila capricorni (Hydrocharitaceae): a new species of seagrass from the Coral Sea', Aquatic Botany, vol. 51, no. 3-4, pp. 319-328.
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A new seagrass species, Halophila capricorni Larkum, is described in the section Halophila. This species differs from Halophila decipiens Ostenfeld in (i) its generally larger size, (ii) the pattern of large hairs on the proximal region of the abaxial leaf surface, (iii) the presence of male and female flowers in separate axils of the same plant, (iv) styles 15-25 mm long, and (v) dispersal by floating fruits. Halophila capricorni is found on sand in deep water in coral environments on the Great Barrier Reef and in New Caledonia. It may also be present in the Philippines and adjoining regions. © 1995.
Learoyd, DL, Twigg, SM, Marsh, DJ & Robinson, BG 1995, 'The practical management of multiple endocrine neoplasia', Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol. 6, no. 8, pp. 273-278.
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LEGLER, JM, LEFKOPOULOU, M & RYAN, LM 1995, 'EFFICIENCY AND POWER OF TESTS FOR MULTIPLE BINARY OUTCOMES', JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION, vol. 90, no. 430, pp. 680-693.
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Global tests provide a useful tool for comparing two or more groups with respect to multiple correlated outcomes. We adapt and compare the performance of tests that have been suggested for use with multiple continuous outcomes to the case of multiple binary outcomes. Comparisons and guidelines are based on asymptotic relative efficiencies (ARE’s) and simulations. These results are illustrated using an application from teratology. We extend the work of Lefkopoulou and Ryan to include general M-group comparisons alternatives where group effects may differ for each outcome. A concise form for this general class of score tests is derived. To compute the ARE’s for this class of tests, we devise a useful characterization of the alternative space based on multivariate polar coordinates. Our findings indicate that the common outcome effect tests are efficient for a remarkably large range of circumstances. A simple formula applies to compute the maximum number of unaffected outcomes that can be included in a set of outcomes for which the common outcome effect tests remain more efficient than those derived under multidimensional alternatives. For comparison, other global tests are also considered in the simulations: two tests based on resampling (maximal and minimal z tests), a rank-sum test, a generalized least squares test, and a test based on collapsing multiple endpoints to a single binary outcome. Besides the common outcome effect tests, the resampling tests and the rank-sum test are found to perform very well for the cases under consideration. © 1995 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Leslie, LM & Holland, GJ 1995, 'On the bogussing of tropical cyclones in numerical models: A comparison of vortex profiles', Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, vol. 56, no. 1-2, pp. 101-110.
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Leslie, LM & Purser, RJ 1995, 'Three-Dimensional Mass-Conserving Semi-Lagrangian Scheme Employing Forward Trajectories', Monthly Weather Review, vol. 123, no. 8, pp. 2551-2566.
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Leslie, LM, Holland, GJ & Webster, PJ 1995, 'Introductory comments?Special issue on scale interactions in the tropics', Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, vol. 56, no. 1-2, pp. 1-1.
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LIU, HQ & HUETE, A 1995, 'A FEEDBACK BASED MODIFICATION OF THE NDVI TO MINIMIZE CANOPY BACKGROUND AND ATMOSPHERIC NOISE', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 457-465.
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The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) equation has a simple, open loop structure (no feedback), which renders it susceptible to large sources of error and uncertainty over variable atmospheric and canopy background conditions. In this study, a systems analysis approach is used to examine noise sources in existing vegetation indices (VI's) and to develop a stable, modified NDVI (MNDVI) equation. The MNDVI, a closed-loop version of the NDVI, was constructed by adding 1) a soil and atmospheric noise feedback loop, and 2) an atmospheric noise compensation forward loop.
Mackenstedt, U & Johnson, AM 1995, 'Genetic differentiation of pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains ofEntamoeba histolytica by random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction', Parasitology Research, vol. 81, no. 3, pp. 217-221.
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The random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) method was used to compare pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains of Entamoeba histolytica. DNA polymorphisms were detected among the different strains and dendrograms were constructed by PHYLIP and PAUP analyses to study the relationship of the strains. Both analyses resulted in identical results, which indicated that pathogenic strains of E. histolytica are closely related and clearly separated from the nonpathogenic strains. The results of this study agree with classification of the strains based on isoenzyme analyses. This suggests that RAPD-PCR is a valuable method in differentiating between strains of this parasite, and the results are consistent with the concept that pathogenic and nonpathogenic Entamoeba represent two different species.
MARSH, DJ, LEAROYD, DL & ROBINSON, BG 1995, 'Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: Recent Advances and Management Update', Thyroid, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 407-424.
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Marshall, GM, Cheung, B, Stacey, KP, Camacho, ML, Simpson, AM, Kwan, E, Smith, S, Haber, M & Norris, MD 1995, 'Increased retinoic acid receptor gamma expression suppresses the malignant phenotype and alters the differentiation potential of human neuroblastoma cells.', Oncogene, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 485-491.
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Human neuroblastoma (NB) tumor cell lines treated in vitro with the retinoid, all-trans-retinoic acid (aRA), form neurites and undergo growth arrest. Retinoids exert their diverse morphologic effects through a signalling pathway which involves the nuclear retinoid receptors. Defective retinoic acid receptor (RAR) function contributes to the malignant phenotype of several human and experimental tumors. Considerable evidence from gene disruption studies now suggests that one of the RARs, RAR gamma, may directly mediate some retinoid effects on embryonic and malignant cells. We, firstly, examined primary NB tumor tissue for a correlation between endogenous RAR gamma expression and clinical stage of the tumor and secondly, the effects of exogenous over-expression of the RAR gamma gene on a human NB tumor cell line. RAR gamma mRNA expression in 32 primary NB tumor tissue samples were significantly higher in clinically localised tumors compared with advanced or disseminated tumors. The human NB tumor cell line, BE(2)-C, was stably transfected with a mammalian expression vector (pREP4) over-expressing the human RAR gamma cDNA. Two selected clones over-expressing RAR gamma (BE/G1 and 2) exhibited a reduced growth rate compared to control cells. Tumorigenicity was inhibited for BE/G1 cells and there was a delayed onset to tumor formation for BE/G2 cells. aRA caused growth inhibition but not neuritic differentiation of the BE/G clones, while 9-cis-retinoic acid caused both growth arrest and neuritic differentiation. Taken together these results suggest that reduced endogenous RAR gamma expression may contribute to the malignant phenotype of human NB. In NB cells the retinoid signalling pathway for neuritic differentiation may be distinct from that causing growth inhibition.
Mears, WE, Lam, V & Rice, SA 1995, 'Identification of nuclear and nucleolar localization signals in the herpes simplex virus regulatory protein ICP27', Journal of Virology, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 935-947.
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Previous work has shown that the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) regulatory protein ICP27 localizes to the cell nucleus and that certain mutant ICP27 polypeptides localize preferentially in nucleoli. To map the signals in ICP27 which mediate its nuclear localization, we identified the portions of ICP27 which can direct a cytoplasmic protein, pyruvate kinase (PK), to nuclei. Our results demonstrate that ICP27 contains multiple nuclear localization signals (NLSs) that function with differing efficiencies. First, ICP27 possesses a strong NLS, mapping to residues 110 to 137, which bears similarity to the bipartite NLSs found in Xenopus laevis nucleoplasmin and other proteins. Second, ICP27 possesses one or more weak NLSs which map to a carboxyl-terminal portion of the protein between residues 140 and 512. Our PK-targeting experiments also demonstrate that ICP27 contains a relatively short sequence, mapping to residues 110 to 152, that can function as a nucleolar localization signal (NuLS). This signal includes ICP27's strong NLS as well as 15 contiguous residues which consist entirely of arginine and glycine. This latter sequence is very similar to an RGG box, a putative RNA-binding motif found in a number of cellular proteins which are involved in nuclear RNA processing. To confirm the results of the PK-targeting experiments, we mutated the ICP27 gene by deleting sequences encoding either the strong NLS or the RGG box. Deletion of the strong NLS (residues 109 to 138) resulted in an ICP27 molecule that was only partially defective for nuclear localization, while deletion of the RGG box (residues 139 to 153) resulted in a molecule that was nuclear localized but excluded from nucleoli. Recombinant HSV-1s bearing either of these deletions were unable to replicate efficiently in Vero cells, suggesting that ICP27's strong NLS and RGG box carry out important in vivo functions.
Moore, JC, Shipley, TH, Goldberg, D, Ogawa, Y, Filice, F, Fisher, A, Jurado, M-J, Moore, GF, Rabaute, A, Yin, H, Zwart, G, Brückmann, W, Henry, P, Ashi, J, Blum, P, Meyer, A, Housen, B, Kastner, M, Labaume, P, Laier, T, Leitch, EC, Maltman, AJ, Peacock, S, Steiger, TH, Tobin, HJ, Underwood, MB, Xu, Y & Zheng, Y 1995, 'Abnormal fluid pressures and fault-zone dilation in the Barbados accretionary prism: Evidence from logging while drilling', Geology, vol. 23, no. 7, pp. 605-605.
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Logs collected while drilling measured density in situ, through the accretionary prism and decollement zone of the northern Barbados Ridge. Consolidation tests relate void ratio (derived from density) to effective stress and predict a fluid pressure profile, assuming that the upper 100 m of the prism is at a hydrostatic pressure gradient. The calculated fluid pressure curve rises to >90% of lithostatic below thrusts in the prism, presumably due to the increase in overburden and lateral tectonic loading. Thin (0.5-2.0 m) intervals of anomalously low density and resistivity in the logs through the basal decollement zone suggest dilation and perhaps hydrofracturing. A peak in hydraulic head in the upper half of the decollement zone requires lateral influx of fluid, a conclusion consistent with previous geochemical studies. Although the calculated fluid-pressure profile is model dependent, its inherent character ties to major structural features. -Authors
Murray, B, Hume, I & Dickman, CR 1995, 'Digestive tract characteristics of the spinifex hopping-mouse, Notomys alexis and the sandy inland mouse, Pseudomys hermannsburgensis in relation to diet', Australian Mammalogy, vol. 18, pp. 93-97.
Ng, MW, Smith, GB & Dligatch, S 1995, 'Spectral switching of the preferred transmission direction in absorbing anisotropic composites', JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS, vol. 28, no. 12, pp. 2578-2584.
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Transmittance in inhomogeneous composite structures in which the arrangement or shape of an absorbing component is anisotropic, depends on the incident direction in relation to the axes that define the anisotropy. There are easily distinguished preferred
NICOROVICI, NA, MCPHEDRAN, RC & BOTTEN, LC 1995, 'PHOTONIC BAND-GAPS - NONCOMMUTING LIMITS AND THE ACOUSTIC BAND', PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, vol. 75, no. 8, pp. 1507-1510.
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We study the photonic 'acoustic band'' for both square arrays of dielectric and infinite refractive index cylinders. We show that the effective refractive index defined by this band does not have a continuous limit as the cylinder refractive index approa
NICOROVICI, NA, MCPHEDRAN, RC & BOTTEN, LC 1995, 'PHOTONIC BAND-GAPS FOR ARRAYS OF PERFECTLY CONDUCTING CYLINDERS', PHYSICAL REVIEW E, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 1135-1145.
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We study the propagation of electromagnetic waves through arrays of perfectly conducting cylinders for both fundamental polarization cases s and p. We use a generalized Rayleigh identity method and show that for p polarization the fundamental band define
OAKEY, HJ, ELLIS, JT & GIBSON, LF 1995, 'CAN RAPD-PCR BE USED TO DISCRIMINATE BETWEEN THE HYBRIDIZATION GROUPS OF AEROMONAS', MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS, vol. 4, no. 7, pp. 373-381.
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We report the preliminary results obtained from an investigation into the suitability of the random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction to discriminate between the currently recognised DNA hybridisation groups of the genus Aeromonas. The
O'Brien, RO, Taske, NL, Hansbro, PM, Matthaei, KI, Hogan, SP, Denborough, MA & Foster, PS 1995, 'Exclusion of defects in the skeletal muscle specific regions of the DHPR alpha 1 subunit as frequent causes of malignant hyperthermia.', Journal of Medical Genetics, vol. 32, no. 11, pp. 913-914.
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Oliver, JD, Hite, F, McDougald, D, Andon, NL & Simpson, LM 1995, 'Entry into, and resuscitation from, the viable but nonculturable state by Vibrio vulnificus in an estuarine environment', Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 61, no. 7, pp. 2624-2630.
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Using plate counts, total cell counts, and direct viable counts, we examined the fate of cells of Vibrio vulnificus placed into natural estuarine waters during both winter and summer months. Cells inoculated into membrane diffusion chambers and placed into estuarine waters entered into a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state in January and February, when the water temperatures were low (average, < 15 degrees C). In contrast, when cells in the VBNC state were placed into the same waters in the warmer months of August through November (average water temperature of ca. 21 degrees C), the cells appeared to undergo a rapid (typically, within 24 h) resuscitation to the fully culturable state. These results were independent of whether the cells were in the logarithmic or stationary phase and whether they were encapsulated or not. This study indicates that the inability to isolate V. vulnificus from cold estuarine sites may be accounted for by entrance of the cells into a VBNC state and that recovery from this state in natural environments may result from a temperature upshift.
Oliver, JD, McDougald, D, Barrett, T, Anne Glover, L & Prosser, JI 1995, 'Effect of temperature and plasmid carriage on nonculturability in organisms targeted for release', FEMS Microbiology Ecology, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 229-237.
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O'Meara, TJ, Nesa, M, Seaton, DS & Sandeman, RM 1995, 'A comparison of inflammatory exudates released from myiasis wounds on sheep bred for resistance or susceptibility to Lucilia cuprina', Veterinary Parasitology, vol. 56, no. 1-3, pp. 207-223.
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Sheep bred for resistance (R) or susceptibility (S) to fleece rot and myiasis (blowfly strike) were experimentally infected with L. cuprina larvae. Exudates released from the wound site were collected during the infection at 6, 12, 18 and 24 h. The exudates were separated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and proteins were silver stained and identified by immunoblotting with specific antibody and by their isoelectric points and molecular weights. Comparisons of exudate composition were made over time and between R and S sheep. Between 6 and 12 h post larval implantation the exudate was rich in IgG and fibrinogen, which is before extensive tissue damage and suggests that the exudate is not simply tissue haemorrhage but the result of an inflammatory response by the sheep to L. cuprina. The exudate grew in complexity between 12 and 18 h and contained a maximum of 74 distinct peptide spots by 24 h. Exudate from wounds on resistant sheep contained many more peptides in the first 12 h of infection, suggesting a more rapid inflammatory response. The source of proteins from the exudate remains speculative; it appears to be composed of many acute-phase proteins, large amounts of immunoglobulin G and proportionally low levels of serum albumin. Exudate composition is likely to be influenced by the local synthesis of acute-phase proteins and perhaps immunoglobulins, selective transport to the infection site and also enzymic degradation by L. cuprina larval enzymes. The more rapid exudation of acute-phase and serum proteins at infection sites on R sheep may allow the inhibition of the establishment of fleece rot bacteria or L. cuprina larvae under natural challenge.
PERRIMAN, R, BRUENING, G, DENNIS, ES & PEACOCK, WJ 1995, 'EFFECTIVE RIBOZYME DELIVERY IN PLANT-CELLS', PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, vol. 92, no. 13, pp. 6175-6179.
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PERRIMAN, R, PEACOCK, WJ, DENNIS, ES & BRUENING, G 1995, 'EFFECTIVE RIBOZYME DELIVERY IN PLANT-CELLS', JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY, pp. 227-227.
Pogliano, K, Harry, E & Losick, R 1995, 'Visualization of the subcellular location of sporulation proteins in Bacillus subtilis using immunofluorescence microscopy', Molecular Microbiology, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 459-470.
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We describe the application of immunofluorescence microscopy to visualization of the subcellular localization of proteins involved in coat morphogenesis and chromosome packaging during the process of sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. In confirmation and extension of previous findings, we show that SpolVA, which is responsible for guiding coat formation to the surface of the outer membrane that surrounds the developing spore, assembles into a shell that is located close to or on the surface of this enveloping membrane. CotE, which is responsible for the formation of the outer layer of the coat, assembles into a second shell of apparently larger diameter. Assembly of SpolVA could be detected as early as the morphological stage of polar septation and closely followed the enveloping membrane of the mother cell during the stage of engulfment, thereby providing a sensitive and diagnostic marker for this phagocytic‐like process. Surprisingly, the chromosome of the developing spore and the small, acid‐soluble proteins, known as α/β‐type SASPs, that are known to coat the spore chromosome, were found to co‐localize to a doughnut‐like ring of approximately 1 µm in diameter. The use of a double mutant lacking the α/β‐type SASP demonstrated that these high abundance, DNA‐binding proteins are responsible for packaging the chromosome of the developing spore into this unusual structure. We conclude that sporulation in B. subtilis is a fertile system for addressing cell biological problems in a bacterium and that immunofluorescence microscopy provides a sensitive method for visualizing protein subcellular localization at high resolution.
RALPH, PJ & BURCHETT, MD 1995, 'PHOTOSYNTHETIC RESPONSES OF THE SEAGRASS HALOPHILA-OVALIS (R BR) HOOK F TO HIGH IRRADIANCE STRESS, USING CHLOROPHYLL-A FLUORESCENCE', AQUATIC BOTANY, vol. 51, no. 1-2, pp. 55-66.
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With the increasing threat of destruction to diminishing seagrass resources, there is a need for an accurate stress monitoring procedure to be developed for species of this community. In this study chlorophyll a fluorescence (20 degrees C) was used to mo
REEDY, BJ, MURTHY, NN, KARLIN, KD & BLACKBURN, NJ 1995, 'ISOCYANIDES AS LIGAND-DIRECTED INDICATORS OF CU(I) COORDINATION IN COPPER PROTEINS - PROBING THE INEQUIVALENCE OF THE CU(I) CENTERS IN REDUCED DOPAMINE-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE', JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, vol. 117, no. 39, pp. 9826-9831.
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The use of isocyanides as ligand-directed probes of Cu(I) coordination in proteins has been investigated. Reaction of 2,6-dimethylphenyl isocyanide (DIMPI) with reduced dopamine-beta-monooxygenase (D beta M) indicates the initial formation of monoisocyan
REIMERS, JR & HUSH, NS 1995, 'NATURE OF THE GROUND AND FIRST EXCITED-STATES OF THE RADICAL CATIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIAL REACTION CENTERS', CHEMICAL PHYSICS, vol. 197, no. 3, pp. 323-332.
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REIMERS, JR & HUSH, NS 1995, 'THE NATURE OF THE NEAR-INFRARED ELECTRONIC ABSORPTION AT 1250 NM IN THE SPECTRA OF THE RADICAL CATIONS OF THE SPECIAL PAIRS IN THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC REACTION CENTERS OF RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES AND RHODOPSEUDOMONAS-VIRIDIS', JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, vol. 117, no. 4, pp. 1302-1308.
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REIMERS, JR, CRAW, JS, BACSKAY, GB & HUSH, NS 1995, 'TOWARDS EFFICIENT MOLECULAR WIRES AND SWITCHES - THE BROOKER IONS', BIOSYSTEMS, vol. 35, no. 2-3, pp. 107-111.
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Reimers, JR, Craw, JS, Bacskay, GB & Hush, NS 1995, 'Towards efficient molecular wires and switches: the Brooker ions.', Biosystems, vol. 35, no. 2-3, pp. 107-111.
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In search of materials which may function as molecular wires or switches, analytical models have suggested that the Brooker ions should be particularly interesting. We study them in detail using ab initio, semi-empirical and specially-designed empirical techniques, predicting molecular geometries, charge distributions, and conductivities. Provided molecular symmetry is maintained, odd polyenes and Brooker ions NH2-(CH)+ 2n - 1 - NH2 are shown to conduct significantly better than even polyenes, but the advantage becomes a simple multiplicative factor once solitons form (chains of length ca 20 A). Symmetry lowering is predicted to dramatically decrease the conductivity but introduces the possibility that the Brooker ions may function as molecular switches, having greatly enhanced, switchable, non-linear optical properties.
REIMERS, JR, LU, TX, CROSSLEY, MJ & HUSH, NS 1995, 'THE MECHANISM OF INNER-HYDROGEN MIGRATION IN FREE-BASE PORPHYRIN - AB-INITIO MP2 CALCULATIONS', JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, vol. 117, no. 10, pp. 2855-2861.
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REUBEN, AJ, SMITH, GB & RADCHIK, AV 1995, 'THE POLARIZABILITY OF CYLINDER ARRAYS IN 2 DIMENSIONS', ANNALS OF PHYSICS, vol. 242, no. 1, pp. 52-76.
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The technique of solving the two-dimensional Laplace equation by means of conformal transformations is a very useful one. Here we develop this method into one which is applicable to chains and lattices in which the fundamental unit is a cylinder pair. An
Rice, SA & Lampson, BC 1995, 'Bacterial reverse transcriptase and msDNA', Virus Genes, vol. 11, no. 2-3, pp. 95-104.
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Rice, SA & Lampson, BC 1995, 'Phylogenetic comparison of retron elements among the myxobacteria: evidence for vertical inheritance', Journal of Bacteriology, vol. 177, no. 1, pp. 37-45.
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Twenty-eight myxobacterial strains, representing members from all three subgroups, were screened for the presence of retron elements, which are novel prokaryotic retroelements encoding reverse transcriptase. The presence of retrons was determined by assaying strains for a small satellite DNA produced by reverse transcription called multicopy, single-stranded DNA (msDNA). An msDNA-producing retron appeared to be absent from only one of the strains surveyed. DNA hybridization experiments revealed that retron elements similar to retron Mx162, first identified in Myxococcus xanthus, were found only among members of the Myxococcus subgroup; that is, each of the seven different genera which constitute this subgroup contained a Mx162 homolog. Another retron element also appeared to have a clustered distribution, being found exclusively within the Nannocystis subgroup of the myxobacteria. A retron element of the Mx162 type was cloned from Melittangium lichenicola, and its DNA sequence was compared with those of similar elements in M. xanthus and Stigmatella aurantiaca. Together, the degree of sequence diversity, the codon bias of the reverse transcriptase genes, and the clustered distribution of these retrons suggest a possible evolutionary scenario in which a common ancestor of the Myxococcus subgroup may have acquired this retroelement.
Rice, SA, Long, MC, Lam, V, Schaffer, PA & Spencer, CA 1995, 'Herpes simplex virus immediate-early protein ICP22 is required for viral modification of host RNA polymerase II and establishment of the normal viral transcription program', Journal of Virology, vol. 69, no. 9, pp. 5550-5559.
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Infection of cells with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) results in a rapid alteration of phosphorylation on the large subunit of cellular RNA polymerase II (RNAP II), most likely on its C-terminal domain (S. A. Rice, M. C. Long, V. Lam, C. A. Spencer, J. Virol. 68:988-1001, 1994). This phosphorylation modification generates a novel form of the large subunit which we have designed IIi. In this study, we examine roles that HSV-1 gene products play in this process. An HSV-1 mutant defective in the immediate-early transcriptional activator protein ICP4 is able to efficiently induce IIi. Viruses having mutations in the genes for the ICP0, ICP6, or ICP27 proteins are also competent for IIi formation. In contrast, 22/n199, an HSV-1 mutant which contains a nonsense mutation in the gene encoding the immediate-early protein ICP22, is significantly deficient in IIi induction. This effect is seen in Vero cells, where 22/n199 grows relatively efficiently, and in human embryonic lung (HEL) cells, where 22/n199 growth in more restricted. RNAP II is recruited into viral replication compartments in 22/n199-infected cells, indicating that altered phosphorylation of RNAP II is not a prerequisite for nuclear relocalization of RNAP II. In addition, we show by nuclear run-on transcription analysis that viral gene transcription is deficient in HEL cells infected with 22/n199. Viral late gene transcription does not occur efficiently, and antisense transcription throughout the genome is diminished compared with that of the wild-type HSV-1 infection. These transcriptional effects cannot be explained by differences in viral DNA replication, since 22/n199 replicates its DNA efficiently in HEL cells. Our results demonstrated that ICP22 is necessary for virus-induced aberrant phosphorylation of RNAP II and for normal patterns of viral gene transcription in certain cell lines.
Roberts, J, Leitch, EC, Lennox, PG & Offler, R 1995, 'Devonian‐Carboniferous stratigraphy of the southern Hastings Block, New England Orogen, eastern Australia', Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 609-633.
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Devonian and Carboniferous rocks within the Hastings Block represent an arc-related basin fill located, out of place, on the outboard margin of the subduction complex and juxtaposed along strike from the fore-arc basin of the southern New England Orogen. The stratigraphic sequence, structural style and history of rocks in the southern part of the Hastings Block differs from that in the northern part of the block. The stratigraphy of the southern part of the Hastings Block consists of a succession of nine formations (eight new) ranging in age from Late Devonian (Frasnian) to Late Carboniferous (Namurian). A further five formations (three new) ranging in age from Siluro-Devonian to Late Devonian (Famennian) are confined to fault-bounded blocks. Three of the latter are probably correlative with parts of the continuous Frasnian-Namurian succession. The Port Macquarie Block is considered part of the southern Hastings Block because it contains two closely comparable formations. Late Devonian formations include the sequential Bitter Ground Volcanics, Birdwood Formation (both Frasnian in age) and the interdigitating Rollans Road/Cowangara Formations (Famennian-earliest Toumaisian), together with the fault-bounded Ellenborough Volcanics, a probable equivalent to the Birdwood Formation, and the Famennian Wallibree Formation and the undated and possibly equivalent Touchwood Formation. These are characterized by the association of basaltic to andesitic volcanics with deep-water turbidites and radiolarian-bearing sedimentary rocks. Whilst there is an overall similarity with coeval units within the Tamworth Belt of the southern New England Orogen, no detailed lithological correlations are possible between correlative formations in the two areas. The Early Carboniferous Kindee Conglomerate, Nevann Siltstone, Pappinbarra Formation and Hyndmans Creek Formation, alternating proximal to distal deep-water turbidites with minor ash-fall tuffs, have an andesitic provenance similar to ...
RODGERS, KJ, MELROSE, J & GHOSH, P 1995, 'BIOTIN-LABELED POTATO CHYMOTRYPSIN INHIBITOR-1 - A USEFUL PROBE FOR THE DETECTION AND QUANTITATION OF CHYMOTRYPSIN-LIKE SERINE PROTEINASES ON WESTERN BLOTS AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE DETECTION OF A SERINE PROTEINASE SYNTHESIZED BY ARTICULAR CHONDROCYTES', ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY, vol. 227, no. 1, pp. 129-134.
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Potato chymotrypsin inhibitor-1 (pCTI-1) was biotinylated by reaction with sulfosuccinimidyl-6-(biotinamido)hexanoate. This derivative was used as a probe on Western blots for the detection and quantitation of chymotrypsin and the detection of a chymotry
ROE, SC, MILTHORPE, BK, SCHINDHELM, K & HOWLETT, CR 1995, 'INCORPORATION OF CHEMICALLY-MODIFIED AND RADIATION-STERILIZED CANCELLOUS BONE ALLOGRAFTS', VETERINARY AND COMPARATIVE ORTHOPAEDICS AND TRAUMATOLOGY, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 163-169.
ROGERS, GT, MILTHORPE, BK, SCHINDHELM, K, HOWLETT, CR & ROE, S 1995, 'SHIELDING OF AUGMENTED TENDON-TENDON REPAIR', BIOMATERIALS, vol. 16, no. 10, pp. 803-807.
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Ruppert, D, Sheather, SJ & Wand, MP 1995, 'An Effective Bandwidth Selector for Local Least Squares Regression', Journal of the American Statistical Association, vol. 90, no. 432, pp. 1257-1270.
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Local least squares kernel regression provides an appealing solution to the nonparametric regression, or "scatterplot smoothing," problem, as demonstrated by Fan, for example. The practical implementation of any scatterplot smoother is greatly enhanced by the availability of a reliable rule for automatic selection of the smoothing parameter. In this article we apply the ideas of plug-in bandwidth selection to develop strategies for choosing the smoothing parameter of local linear squares kernel estimators. Our results are applicable to odd-degree local polynomial fits and can be extended to other settings, such as derivative estimation and multiple nonparametric regression. An implementation in the important case of local linear fits with univariate predictors is shown to perform well in practice. A by-product of our work is the development of a class of nonparametric variance estimators, based on local least squares ideas, and plug-in rules for their implementation.
Ruppert, D, Sheather, SJ & Wand, MP 1995, 'An Effective Bandwidth Selector for Local Least Squares Regression', Journal of the American Statistical Association, vol. 90, no. 432, pp. 1257-1257.
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RUYS, AJ, BRANDWOOD, A, MILTHORPE, BK, DICKSON, MR, ZEIGLER, KA & SORRELL, CC 1995, 'THE EFFECTS OF SINTERING ATMOSPHERE ON THE CHEMICAL COMPATIBILITY OF HYDROXYAPATITE AND PARTICULATE ADDITIVES AT 1200-DEGREES-C', JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN MEDICINE, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 297-301.
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RUYS, AJ, SORRELL, CC, BRANDWOOD, A & MILTHORPE, BK 1995, 'HYDROXYAPATITE SINTERING CHARACTERISTICS - CORRELATION WITH POWDER MORPHOLOGY BY HIGH-RESOLUTION MICROSCOPY', JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LETTERS, vol. 14, no. 10, pp. 744-747.
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Hydroxyapatite Cal0(PO4)6(OH)2 (HAp) is a hydrated calcium phosphate ceramic that closely resembles the chemical composition of bone mineral and is therefore one of the small group of bonereplacement materials classed as bioactive, i.e. capable of bonding chemically with bone [1]. This group includes calcium phosphate ceramics, which, although chemically similar to HAp, are generally more prone to in vitro dissolution [2], and certain calcium phosphate glass compositions [1]. Thus HAp is a prime candidate for bone replacement applications.
RUYS, AJ, WEI, M, SORRELL, CC, DICKSON, MR, BRANDWOOD, A & MILTHORPE, BK 1995, 'SINTERING EFFECTS ON THE STRENGTH OF HYDROXYAPATITE', BIOMATERIALS, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 409-415.
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Mechanisms underlying temperature-strength interrelations for dense (> 95% dense, pores closed) hydroxyapatite (HAp) were investigated by comparative assessment of temperature effects on tensile strength, Weibull modulus, apparent density, decomposition (HAp:tricalcium phosphate ratio), dehydroxylation and microstructure. Significant dehydroxylation occurred above ~800 °C. Strength peaked at ~80 MPa just before the attainment of closed porosity (~95% dense). For higher temperatures (closed porosity), the strength dropped sharply to ~60 MPa due to the closure of dehydroxylation pathways, and then stabilized at ~60 MPa. At very high temperatures (> 1350 °C), the strength dropped catastrophically to ~10 MPa corresponding to the decomposition of HAp to tricalcium phosphate and the associated sudden release of the remaining bonded water. © 1995.
Ryan, LM 1995, '[Inference Based on Estimating Functions in the Presence of Nuisance Parameters]: Comment', Statistical Science, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 189-193.
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Saunders, BM & Cheers, C 1995, 'Inflammatory response following intranasal infection with Mycobacterium avium complex: role of T-cell subsets and gamma interferon', Infection and Immunity, vol. 63, no. 6, pp. 2282-2287.
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The role of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the response to intranasal infection with a Mycobacterium avium complex isolate (MAC) was investigated. Depletion of CD4+ T cells by injected antibody exacerbated infection in the lung, spleen, and liver. There were decreased numbers of inflammatory cells in the lungs of CD4-depleted mice and a significant decrease in lung cytotoxic activity. The neutrophil response was unaffected, and in CD4-depleted mice, unlike intact infected mice, these cells were found with large numbers of associated MAC. Purified CD4+ splenic T cells produced gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) in vitro in response to MAC antigen. IFN-gamma production by cultured spleen, lung, or mediastinal lymph node cells was markedly reduced in CD4-depleted mice. In contrast, CD8+ T cells did not produce IFN-gamma in vitro, and depletion of CD8+ T cells from infected mice had no effect on bacterial growth or lung cell activation. Depletion of IFN-gamma by injected monoclonal antibody had effects similar to those of CD4 depletion, namely, exacerbation of infection and decreased lung cell cytotoxicity. We conclude that CD4+ T cells are the main T cells involved in the lung response to MAC infection and that this response is at least partially dependent on the production of IFN-gamma.
Saunders, BM, Zhan, Y & Cheers, C 1995, 'Endogenous interleukin-12 is involved in resistance of mice to Mycobacterium avium complex infection', Infection and Immunity, vol. 63, no. 10, pp. 4011-4015.
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Acquired cellular resistance against Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infections involves the induction of Th1 type gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-producing T cells. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a cytokine involved in the control of IFN-gamma production by T cells and NK cells. The role of IL-12 in the response to MAC infection was investigated. Depletion of endogenous IL-12 by injection of monoclonal antibody prior to and during intranasal infection with MAC resulted in an 150- to 550-fold increase in bacterial load in lung, spleen, and liver homogenates by 10 weeks postinfection. Depletion of IL-12 abrogated the ability of spleen cell cultures to produce IFN-gamma in response to stimulus with live MAC. IL-12-depleted mice showed a 75% decrease in the number of inflammatory cells entering the lungs following intranasal infection with MAC, with significant reductions in cytotoxic activity and nitric oxide production by lung cells. This work suggests that IL-12 plays a major role in the activation of IFN-gamma-producing cells during MAC infection.
Schnitzler, M, Dwight, T, Marsh, DJ, Gaskin, EL & Robinson, BG 1995, 'Quantitation of APC mRNA in Human Tissues', Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol. 217, no. 2, pp. 385-392.
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Simpson, AM & Tuch, BE 1995, 'Control of Insulin Biosynthesis in the Human Fetal Beta Cell', Pancreas, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 48-54.
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Simpson, AM, Tuch, BE, Swan, MA, Tu, J & Marshall, GM 1995, 'Erratum: Functional expression of the human insulin gene in a human hepatoma cell line (HEP G2) (Gene Therapy 1995; 2: 223-231)', Gene Therapy, vol. 2, no. 10, p. 789.
Simpson, AM, Tuch, BE, Swan, MA, Tu, J & Marshall, GM 1995, 'Functional expression of the human insulin gene in a human hepatoma cell line (HEP G2).', Gene Ther, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 223-231.
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To develop a model somatic gene therapy system for diabetes, a human hepatoma cell line (HEP G2) was transfected with a mammalian expression vector carrying the full-length human insulin cDNA. More proinsulin than insulin was released daily by the stably transformed cell line (HEP G2ins). However, on acute stimulation with 5mM 8-Br-cAMP and 10mM theophylline the HEP G2ins cells released predominantly insulin into the medium. The cells did not secrete insulin in response to glucose. Examination of acid-ethanol extracts confirmed insulin was preferentially being stored. Immunohistochemical analysis of the cells also showed (pro)insulin was being stored. Electron microscopy revealed large membrane-bound vacuoles, containing electron-dense material, which were not seen in control cells. Glucokinase activity and albumin secretion of the transfectants were unaltered from the controls. Five-minute pulse-chase labelling of the HEP G2ins cells with 3H-leucine confirmed insulin synthesis in the presence of 20mM glucose and 5mM 8-Br-cAMP. A dose-response curve for insulin synthesis was also generated to increasing concentrations of glucose with a half Vmax of 4.9mM. Our results show that the introduction of insulin cDNA into a human hepatoma cell line results in synthesis, storage and acute regulated insulin release and lend credence to the possibility of engineering a liver cell to secrete insulin acutely in response to physiological stimuli.
SMITH, GB, VARGAS, WE, NIKLASSON, GA, SOTELO, JA & PALEY, AV 1995, 'OPTICAL-PROPERTIES OF A PAIR OF SPHERES - COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT THEORIES', OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 115, no. 1-2, pp. 8-12.
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We compare the optical absorption of two touching and non-touching spheres, as calculated by different approaches. In the quasistatic limit, an exact treatment based on the conformal transformation of coordinate frames has recently been developed. On the
Soole, KL & Menz, RI 1995, 'Functional molecular aspects of the NADH dehydrogenases of plant mitochondria', Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 397-406.
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SWIFT, PD & SMITH, GB 1995, 'CYLINDRICAL MIRROR LIGHT PIPES', SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 159-168.
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The interplays between design and material parameters in a cylindrical mirror light pipe are discussed. The transmission is calculated exactly using a ray optics method. The result is an integral equation involving the mirror light pipe parameters, refle
TANGYE, SG, WESTON, KM & RAISON, RL 1995, 'PHORBOL ESTER ACTIVATES CD5(+) LEUKEMIC B-CELLS VIA A T-CELL INDEPENDENT MECHANISM', IMMUNOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY, vol. 73, no. 1, pp. 44-51.
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B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) is characterized by the proliferation and accumulation of sIgM(+)CD5(+) lymphocytes that fail to progress to the final stages of B cell development. Stimulation of unfractionated PBL from three patients with B
UNG, AT, GIZACHEW, D, BISHOP, R, SCUDDER, ML, DANCE, IG & CRAIG, DC 1995, 'STRUCTURE AND ANALYSIS OF HELICAL TUBULATE INCLUSION-COMPOUNDS FORMED BY 2,6-DIMETHYLBICYCLO[3.3.1]NONANE-EXO-2,EXO-6-DIOL', JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, vol. 117, no. 34, pp. 8745-8756.
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VAGOV, A, RADCHIK, A & SMITH, G 1995, 'OPTICAL-RESPONSE OF ARRAYS OF SPHERES FROM THE THEORY OF HYPERCOMPLEX VARIABLES - REPLY', PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, vol. 75, no. 23, pp. 4333-4333.
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Van Reyk, DM, Brown, AJ, Jessup, W & Dean, RT 1995, 'Batch-To-Batch Variation of Chelex-100 Confounds Metal-Catalysed Oxidation. Leaching of Inhibitory Compounds from A Batch of Chelex-100 and Their Removal by a Pre-Washing Procedure', Free Radical Research, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 533-535.
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Vincent, MT, Carroll, RJ, Hammer, RE, Chan, SJ, Guz, Y, Steiner, DF & Teitelman, G 1995, 'A transgene coding for a human insulin analog has a mitogenic effect on murine embryonic beta cells.', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 92, no. 14, pp. 6239-6243.
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We have investigated the mitogenic effect of three mutant forms of human insulin on insulin-producing beta cells of the developing pancreas. We examined transgenic embryonic and adult mice expressing (i) human [AspB10]-proinsulin/insulin ([AspB10]ProIN/IN), produced by replacement of histidine by aspartic acid at position 10 of the B chain and characterized by an increased affinity for the insulin receptor; (ii) human [LeuA3]insulin, produced by the substitution of leucine for valine in position 3 of the A chain, which exhibits decreased receptor binding affinity; and (iii) human [LeuA3, AspB10]insulin 'double' mutation. During development, beta cells of AspB10 embryos were twice as abundant and had a 3 times higher rate of proliferation compared with beta cells of littermate controls. The mitogenic effect of [AspB10]ProIN/IN was specific for embryonic beta cells because the rate of proliferation of beta cells of adults and of glucagon (alpha) cells and adrenal chromaffin cells of embryos was similar in AspB10 mice and controls. In contrast to AspB10 embryos, the number of beta cells in the LeuA3 and 'double' mutant lines was similar to the number in controls. These findings indicate that the [AspB10]ProIN/IN analog increased the rate of fetal beta-cell proliferation. The mechanism or mechanisms that mediate this mitogenic effect remain to be determined.
Wang, CY & Carroll, RJ 1995, 'On robust logistic case-control studies with response-dependent weights', Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 331-340.
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Watson, G, Holt, SA, Zhao, R-P, Katsaros, A, Savvides, N & Myhra, S 1995, 'Environmental degradation of YBa2Cu3O7 − x thin films. Analysis by atomic force microscopy', Physica C: Superconductivity, vol. 243, no. 1-2, pp. 123-133.
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Whyte, MP, Landt, M, Ryan, LM, Mulivor, RA, Henthorn, PS, Fedde, KN, Mahuren, JD & Coburn, SP 1995, 'Alkaline phosphatase: placental and tissue-nonspecific isoenzymes hydrolyze phosphoethanolamine, inorganic pyrophosphate, and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. Substrate accumulation in carriers of hypophosphatasia corrects during pregnancy.', Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol. 95, no. 4, pp. 1440-1445.
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Hypophosphatasia features selective deficiency of activity of the tissue-nonspecific (liver/bone/kidney) alkaline phosphatase (ALP) isoenzyme (TNSALP); placental and intestinal ALP isoenzyme (PALP and IALP, respectively) activity is not reduced. Three phosphocompounds (phosphoethanolamine [PEA], inorganic pyrophosphate [PPi], and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate [PLP]) accumulate endogenously and appear, therefore, to be natural substrates for TNSALP. Carriers for hypophosphatasia may have decreased serum ALP activity and elevated substrate levels. To test whether human PALP and TNSALP are physiologically active toward the same substrates, we studied PEA, PPi, and PLP levels during and after pregnancy in three women who are carriers for hypophosphatasia. Hypophosphatasemia corrected during the third trimester because of PALP in maternal blood. Blood or urine concentrations of PEA, PPi, and PLP diminished substantially during that time. After childbirth, maternal circulating levels of PALP decreased, and PEA, PPi, and PLP levels abruptly increased. In serum, unremarkable concentrations of IALP and low levels of TNSALP did not change during the study period. We conclude that PALP, like TNSALP, is physiologically active toward PEA, PPi, and PLP in humans. We speculate from molecular/crystallographic information, indicating significant similarity of structure of the substrate-binding site of ALPs throughout nature, that all ALP isoenzymes recognize these same three phosphocompound substrates.
ZENG, J, HUSH, NS & REIMERS, JR 1995, 'SOLVENT EFFECTS ON MOLECULAR AND IONIC SPECTRA .5. DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD FOR SIMULATION OF THE LIQUID STRUCTURE AND SOLVATOCHROMIC SHIFT OF INORGANIC COMPLEXES SUCH AS PENTAAMINOPYRIDYLRUTHENIUM(II) IN WATER', JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, vol. 99, no. 26, pp. 10459-10470.
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ZENG, J, REIMERS, JR & HUSH, NS 1995, 'THE PRIMARY PROCESS IN PHOTOOXIDATION OF FE2+ IN WATER', ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, vol. 209, pp. 446-INOR.
ZENG, J, WOYWOD, C, HUSH, NS & REIMERS, JR 1995, 'SOLVENT EFFECTS ON MOLECULAR AND IONIC SPECTRA .6. HYDROGEN-BONDING AND THE DELOCALIZED NATURE OF THE FIRST (1)(N,PI-ASTERISK) EXCITED-STATE OF PYRAZINE', JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, vol. 117, no. 33, pp. 8618-8626.
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ZHOU, B, LI, X, TANSLEY, TL, BUTCHER, KSA & PHILLIPS, MR 1995, 'GROWTH OF GAN FILMS BY COMBINED LASER AND MICROWAVE PLASMA-ENHANCED CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION', JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH, vol. 151, no. 3-4, pp. 249-253.
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GaN films have been grown on quartz and (01 (1) over bar 2) sapphire substrates using combined ultraviolet excimer laser and microwave plasma enhanced metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) at a substrate temperature of 500 degrees C. Film compo
