Publications

Carroll, RJ, Maca, JD & Wang, S 1998, 'Nonparameteric Regression Splines for Generalized Linear Measurement Error Models' in Econometrics in Theory and Practice, Physica-Verlag HD, pp. 23-29.
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Fu, S, Davies, MJ & Dean, R 1998, 'Molecular aspects of free radical damage to proteins' in Aruoma, OI & Halliwell, B (eds), Molecular biology of free radicals in humans diseases, OICA International, USA, pp. 29-56.

O'Brien, B 1998, 'Morphological criteria for identifying apoptosis.' in Celis, JE (ed), CELL BIOLOGY - A LABORATORY HANDBOOK, 2ND EDITION, VOL 1, Academic Press, USA, pp. 327-340.

Ralph, PJ, Brown, K, Wearing, SL & Nudd, B 1998, 'GIS - A tool for integrating tourism and mariculture in Wallis Lakes' in Wearing Stephen (ed), Planning Recreation and Tourism with Australian Communities, HM Leisure Planning Pty Ltd, Melbourne, pp. 95-102.

Schulte, J 1998, 'Fundamental Research in Ultra High Dilutions' in Schulte, J & Endler, PC (eds), Fundamental Research in Ultra High Dilutions, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 3-7.

Schulte, J 1998, 'Information of Thyroxin Storage via Bipoloar Water' in Schulte, J & Endler, PC (eds), Fundamental Research in Ultra High Dilutions, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 155-188.

Stuart, BH 1998, 'Infrared Spectroscopy' in Meyers, RA (ed), Encyclopedia of Environmental Analysis and Remediation, Wiley-Interscience, New York, pp. 2373-2391.

Alexander, DM, Sheridan, P, Bourke, PD, Konstandatos, O & Wright, JJ 1998, 'Emergent symmetry of local and global maps in the primary visual cortex: Self-organization of orientation preference', Complexity International, vol. 6.
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We present a model of the cellular organization in the primary visual cortex which is based upon the idea that there are two visuotopic mappings, one global and the other local. The local visuotopic maps self-organize from a set of initially random inputs. The various response properties measured in V1, and the regular geometrical relationships between them, are explained in terms of the interaction of these two mappings. We describe computer modelling of orientation preference in V1 which relies on two assumptions: 1) the receptive fields develop due to a simple excitatory-centre/inhibitory-surround mechanism, and 2) any point in the global visuotopic map can reach any point in the non-granular layers via poly-synaptic routes. Hebbian learning is applied to these indirect inputs while the network is stimulated with a moving bar. The computer modelling shows that all the key geometrical features of orientation preference; singularities, linear zones and saddle-points, emerge consequent to the learning. This suggests that orientation preference is a byproduct of the double visuotopic mapping. More generally, the two mappings are hypothesized to allow those features of the visual field which tend to be spatially contiguous in the visual field (orientation, texture, colour, contrast) to be learned as response properties by neurons within V1.

Andersen, K, Anderson, OP, Miller, T, Mani, NS, Baumann, TF, Anderson, M, Broderick, WE, Eichhorn, DM, Goldberg, D, Jarrell, W, Lange, SJ, Lee, S, Nie, H, Sabat, M, Sibert, JW, Stern, C, Hoffman, BM, Baum, S, Beall, LS, Cook, AS, Mccubbin, QJ, Montalban, AG, Rodriguez-Morgade, MS, White, AJP, Williams, DBG, Williams, DJ, Barrett, AGM, Hope, H & Olmstead, MM 1998, 'Star porphyrazines and related multimetallic macrocycles', Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 1013-1042.
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Asatryan, AA, Nicorovici, NA, Botten, LC, de Sterke, CM, Robinson, PA & McPhedran, RC 1998, 'Electromagnetic localization in dispersive stratified media with random loss and gain', PHYSICAL REVIEW B, vol. 57, no. 21, pp. 13535-13549.
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A theory of localization of waves in stratified weakly disordered dispersive media with random loss and gain is developed. We consider a one-dimensional model of a random medium, consisting of a stack composed of an arbitrary number of layers of equal th

Ashton, PR, Ballardini, R, Balzani, V, Constable, EC, Credi, A, Kocian, O, Langford, SJ, Preece, JA, Prodi, L, Schofield, ER, Spencer, N, Stoddart, JF & Wenger, S 1998, 'RuII-Polypyridine Complexes Covalently Linked to Electron Acceptors as Wires for Light-Driven Pseudorotaxane-Type Molecular Machines', Chemistry - A European Journal, vol. 4, no. 12, pp. 2413-2422.
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Augustyns, I & Wand, MP 1998, 'Bandwidth selection for local polynomial smoothing of multinomial data', Computational Statistics, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 447-461.
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We develop a rule for choosing bandwidths for local polynomial smoothing of ordered multinomial data. Our method is a variant of the double smoothing idea and is particularly geared towards good performance near the boundaries of the data, through the use of exact risk expressions.

Babiński, A, Wysmołek, A, Tomaszewicz, T, Baranowski, JM, Leon, R, Lobo, C & Jagadish, C 1998, 'Electrically modulated photoluminescence in self-organized InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots', Applied Physics Letters, vol. 73, no. 19, pp. 2811-2813.
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Ball, G, Stephenson, B, Smith, G, Wood, L, Coupland, M & Crawford, K 1998, 'Creating a diversity of mathematical experiences for tertiary students', International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 827-841.
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A process is described for creating a more civerse set of experiences for undergraduate students in mathematics. While we use examples drawn from classes studying linear algebra, the procedures are appropriate for any undergraduate course in mathematics. The diversity of the activities is generated in part through the use of a taxonomy which addresses the nature of the activities rather than a hierarchy of levels of difficulty. All exercises used as illustrations have been attempted by students in second year undergraduate classes. © 1998 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Bardin, N, Francès, V, Combes, V, Sampol, J & Dignat-George, F 1998, 'CD146: biosynthesis and production of a soluble form in human cultured endothelial cells', FEBS Letters, vol. 421, no. 1, pp. 12-14.
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Batt, KL & Leslie, LM 1998, 'Verification of output from a very high resolution numerical weather prediction model: the 1996 Sydney to Hobart yacht race', Meteorological Applications, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 321-327.
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The University of New South Wales (UNSW) high-resolution numerical weather prediction model (HIRES) has been used to forecast wind direction and speed at a height of 10 m over the Sydney to Hobart race yacht area for the past three years. The model is run routinely, three times daily, at the New South Wales Regional Office of the Australian Bureau of Meteorology in Sydney. One of these model runs is out to seven days ahead and its boundary conditions are provided by the Bureau of Meteorology's global model. For the 1996 Sydney to Hobart yacht race the model was run at 25 km resolution out to five days ahead and was subjected to detailed verification by one of the Authors (KLB), who participated in the race aboard the yacht AMP Wild Oats and carried out an observational program during the race. The model winds were verified on a six-hourly basis utilising instrumentation on the yacht. The yacht carried wind sensors, which are situated on top of the yacht's mast at a height of 17.5 m above the water. The authors were interested in both the wind directional trends and the wind speeds forecast by the model. It was found that the model gave overall guidance of good quality but was particularly accurate early in the race when a major wind change known locally as a Southerly Buster occurred just after the start of the race. Later in the race from about the fourth day, the quality of the forecasts decreased in accuracy. An improved version of the model, run at higher resolution (10 km), will be verified again in the next race, in December 1997.

Biñas, M & Johnson, AM 1998, 'A polymorphism in a DNA polymerase α gene intron differentiates between murine virulent and avirulent strains of Toxoplasma gondii', International Journal for Parasitology, vol. 28, no. 7, pp. 1033-1040.
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The IC intron, found within the DNA polymerase alpha gene of Toxoplasma gondii, was used to evaluate the genetic relationship among 10 strains of T. gondii. Sequence comparison detected polymorphisms within this 652 bp intron which correlated with murine virulence. The results reported here suggest that T. gondii contains two lineages, corresponding with their virulence, evolving independently following their separation. The extensive homology of the IC sequences within the virulent and avirulent groups affirms the close relationship of the strains within the group, as reflected by the identical nucleotide substitutions and dinucleotide insertions/deletions observed. In addition, the presence of the Nde I restriction enzyme site within the IC intron of avirulent strains allows definition of a T. gondii strain as murine virulent or avirulent without needing to test it in vivo.

Biñas, M & Johnson, AM 1998, 'Characterization of the Gene Encoding the Catalytic Subunit of the DNA Polymerase Alpha fromToxoplasma gondii', Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol. 253, no. 3, pp. 628-638.
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The gene encoding the catalytic subunit of the Toxoplasma gondii DNA polymerase α enzyme has been isolated. The coding region is 6487 bp in length, containing three introns, and specifies a protein of 1690 aa. The seven conserved regions which characterize the polα polypeptide, as well as four of the five polα-specific aa domains, were found in the T. gondii gene. The absence of one of these domains, as well as the presence of a unique cysteine cluster between domains IV and B in the T. gondii polα, may result in a slight difference in the secondary or even tertiary structure compared with the human homologue and thus may be suitable for designing anti-Toxoplasma drugs. A number of amino acid differences within the seven conserved regions between the human and T. gondii polα, as well as variations in the spacings of these regions, were also observed.

Black, K, Qu, X, Seale, JP & Donnelly, R 1998, 'METABOLIC EFFECTS OF THIOCTIC ACID IN RODENT MODELS OF INSULIN RESISTANCE AND DIABETES', Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, vol. 25, no. 9, pp. 712-714.
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1. The antioxidant thioctic acid (TA) has been used in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy and recent studies have suggested that TA also has pancreatic and peripheral effects that improve glucose transport and metabolism,In the present study, the metab

Booth, D 1998, 'Teaching evolution are we getting through ?', Australasian Science, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 40-41.

Booth, DJ & Wellington, G 1998, 'Settlement preferences in coral-reef fishes: Effects on patterns of adult and juvenile distributions, individual fitness and population structure', AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 274-279.
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Coral-reef fishes exhibit a wide range of habitat preferences at settlement. However, the consequences of these preferences to fitness and population dynamics are poorly known. We critically evaluate evidence for these consequences from recent studies of

Botten, LC, McPhedran, RC, Nicorovici, NA & Movchan, AB 1998, 'Off-axis diffraction by perfectly conducting capacitive grids: Modal formulation and verification', JOURNAL OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND APPLICATIONS, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 847-882.
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We consider the diffraction of plane electromagnetic waves incident at an arbitrary angle on a capacitive grid of perfectly conducting cylinders of arbitrary length. We comment on the formulation of modes within the grid region, concentrating on the case

Braithwaite, DH, Holzapfel, CW & Williams, DBG 1998, 'Carbohydrate-derived allylic stannanes', South African Journal of Chemistry, vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 162-164.
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The preparation of tri(n-butyl)tin derivatives of various carbohydrates is described. Glycal derivatives were converted into the corresponding stannanes upon treatment with Bu3SnH under photochemical activation. This reaction was found to be regioselective but not stereoselective. Upon treating the glycals with Bu3Sn(Bu)Cu(CN)Li2 as a nucleophile, the corresponding stannanes were obtained in an enantiomerically pure form. Preliminary results indicate that these stannanes may be converted into enantiopure C-glycosides by radical substitution of the tributyltin function.

Brown, G & Dooley, AH 1998, 'On G-measures and product measures', ERGODIC THEORY AND DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS, vol. 18, pp. 95-107.
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Buckley, BW & Leslie, LM 1998, 'High resolution numerical simulation of Tropical Cyclone Drena undergoing extra-tropical transition', Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, vol. 65, no. 3-4, pp. 207-222.
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Caprarelli, G & Leitch, EC 1998, 'Magmatic changes during the stabilisation of a cordilleran fold belt: the Late Carboniferous Triassic igneous history of eastern New South Wales, Australia', LITHOS, vol. 45, no. 1-4, pp. 413-430.
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In a 60 Ma interval between the Late Carboniferous and the Late Permian, the magmatic are associated with the cordilleran-type New England Fold Belt in northeast New South Wales shifted eastward and changed in trend from north-northwest to north. The eastern margin of the earlier (Devonian-Late Carboniferous) are is marked by a sequence of calcalkaline lava flows, tuffs and coarse volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks preserved in the west of the Fold Belt. The younger are (Late Permian-Triassic) is marked by I-type calcalkaline granitoids and comagmatic volcanic rocks emplaced mostly in the earlier forearc, but extending into the southern Sydney Basin, in the former backarc region. The growth of the younger are was accompanied by widespread compressional deformation that stabilised the New England Fold Belt. During the transitional interval, two suites of S-type granitoids were emplaced, the Hillgrove Suite at about 305 Ma during an episode of compressive deformation and regional metamorphism, and the Bundarra Suite at about 280 Ma, during the later stages of an extensional episode. Isotopic and REE data indicate that both suites resulted from the partial melting of young silicic sedimentary rocks, probably part of the Carboniferous accretionary subduction complex, with heat supplied by the rise of asthenospheric material. Both mafic and silicic volcanic activity were widespread within and behind the Fold Belt from the onset of rifting (ca. 295 Ma) until the reestablishment of the are. These volcanic rocks range in composition from MORE-like to calcalkaline and alkaline. The termination of the earlier are, and the subsequent widespread and diverse igneous activity are considered to have resulted from the shallow breakoff of the downgoing plate, which allowed the rise of asthenosphere through a widening lithospheric gap. In this setting, division of the igneous rocks into pre-, syn-, and post-collisional groups is of limited value

Carreno, RA, Schnitzler, BE, Jeffries, AC, Tenter, AM, Johnson, AM & Barta, JR 1998, 'Phylogenetic Analysis of Coccidia Based on 18S rDNA Sequence Comparison Indicates that Isospora Is Most Closely Related to Toxoplasma and Neospora', The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 184-188.
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The phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic affinities of coccidia with isosporan-type oocysts have been unclear as overlapping characters, recently discovered life cycle features, and even recently discovered taxa, continue to be incorporated into biological classifications of the group. We determined the full or partial 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequences of three mammalian Isospora spp., Isospora felix, Isospora ohioensis and Isospora suis, and a Sarcocystis sp. of a rattlesnake, and used these sequences for a phylogenetic analysis of the genus Isospora and the cyst-forming coccidia. Various alveolate 18S rDNA sequences were aligned and analyzed using maximum parsimony to obtain a phylogenetic hypothesis for the group. The three Isospora spp. were found to be most closely related to Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum. This clade in turn formed the sister group to the Sarcocystis spp. included in the analysis. The results confirm that the genus Isospora does not belong to the family Eimeriidae, but should be classified together with the cyst-forming coccidia in the family Sarcocystidae. Furthermore, there appear to be two lineages within the Sarcocystidae. One lineage comprises Isospora and the Toxoplasma/Neospora clade which share the characters of having a proliferative phase of development preceding gamogony in the definitive host and an exogenous phase of sporogony. The other lineage comprises the Sarcocystis spp. which have no proliferative phase in the definitive host and an endogenous phase of sporogony.

Carroll, RJ, Freedman, LS, Kipnis, V & Li, L 1998, 'A new class of measurement-error models, with applications to dietary data', Canadian Journal of Statistics, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 467-477.
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Carroll, RJ, Gutierrez, RG, Wang, CY & Wang, S 1998, 'Local linear regression for generalized linear models with missing data', The Annals of Statistics, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 1028-1050.
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Carroll, RJ, Ruppert, D & Welsh, AH 1998, 'Local Estimating Equations', Journal of the American Statistical Association, vol. 93, no. 441, pp. 214-227.
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Estimating equations have found wide popularity recently in parametric problems, yielding consistent estimators with asymptotically valid inferences obtained via the sandwich formula. Motivated by a problem in nutritional epidemiology, we use estimating equations to derive nonparametric estimators of a “parameter” depending on a predictor. The nonparametric component is estimated via local polynomials with loess or kernel weighting; asymptotic theory is derived for the latter. In keeping with the estimating equation paradigm, variances of the nonparametric function estimate are estimated using the sandwich method, in an automatic fashion, without the need (typical in the literature) to derive asymptotic formulas and plug-in an estimate of a density function. The same philosophy is used in estimating the bias of the nonparametric function; that is, an empirical method is used without deriving asymptotic theory on a case-by-case basis. The methods are applied to a series of examples. The application to nutrition is called “nonparametric calibration” after the term used for studies in that field. Other applications include local polynomial regression for generalized linear models, robust local regression, and local transformations in a latent variable model. Extensions to partially parametric models are discussed. © 1998 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Cavanaugh, JA, Callen, DF, Wilson, SR, Stanford, PM, Sraml, ME, Gorska, M, Crawford, J, Whitmore, SA, Shlegel, C, Foote, S, Kohonen-Corish, M & Pavli, P 1998, 'Analysis of Australian Crohn's disease pedigrees refines the localization for susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease on chromosome 16.', Ann Hum Genet, vol. 62, no. Pt 4, pp. 291-298.
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A number of localizations for the putative susceptibility gene(s) have been identified for both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. In a genome wide scan, Hugot et al. (1996) identified a region on chromosome 16 which appeared to be responsible for the inheritance of inflammatory bowel disease in a small proportion of families. Subsequent work has suggested that this localization is important for susceptibility to Crohn's disease rather than ulcerative colitis (Ohmen et al. 1996; Parkes et al. 1996). We investigated the contribution of this localization to the inheritance of inflammatory bowel disease in 54 multiplex Australian families, and confirmed its importance in a significant proportion of Crohn's disease families; we further refined the localization to a region near to D16S409, obtaining a maximum LOD score of 6.3 between D16S409 and D16S753.

Chai, C 1998, 'Critical ageing of hydroxyapatite sol–gel solutions', Biomaterials, vol. 19, no. 24, pp. 2291-2296.
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It has been established that hydroxyapatite coatings can be produced using an alkoxide based sol-gel technique. Previous work showed that in addition to hydroxyapatite other phases including CaO were observed. A critical factor in determining the composi

Chaudhury, AM, Craig, S, Dennis, ES & Peacock, WJ 1998, 'Ovule and embryo development, apomixis and fertilization', CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 26-31.
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Chen, XJ, Hansbro, PM & Clark-Walker, GD 1998, 'Suppression of ρ0 lethality by mitochondrial ATP synthase F1 mutations in Kluyveromyces lactis occurs in the absence of F0', Molecular and General Genetics MGG, vol. 259, no. 5, pp. 457-467.
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COLE, L, DEWEY, FM & HAWES, CR 1998, 'Immunocytochemical studies of the infection mechanisms of Botrytis fabae I. The fungal extracellular matrix in penetration and post-penetration processes', New Phytologist, vol. 139, no. 4, pp. 597-609.
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COLE, L, DEWEY, FM & HAWES, CR 1998, 'Immunocytochemical studies of the infection mechanisms of Botrytis fabae II. Host cell wall breakdown', New Phytologist, vol. 139, no. 4, pp. 611-622.
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Cole, L, Orlovich, DA & Ashford, AE 1998, 'Structure, Function, and Motility of Vacuoles in Filamentous Fungi', Fungal Genetics and Biology, vol. 24, no. 1-2, pp. 86-100.
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Conigrave, AD, Lee, JY, Van Der Weyden, L, Jiang, L, Ward, P, Tasevski, V, Luttrell, BM & Morris, MB 1998, 'Pharmacological profile of a novel cyclic AMP-linked P2 receptor on undifferentiated HL-60 leukemia cells', British Journal of Pharmacology, vol. 124, no. 7, pp. 1580-1585.
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Cowling, M, Dooley, A, Korányi, A & Ricci, F 1998, 'An approach to symmetric spaces of rank one via groups of Heisenberg type', Journal of Geometric Analysis, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 199-237.
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We give an elementary unified approach to rank one symmetric spaces of the noncompact type, including proofs of their basic properties and of their classification, with the development of a formalism to facilitate future computations. Our approach is based on the theory of Lie groups of H-type. An algebraic condition of H-type algebras, called J2, is crucial in the description of the symmetric spaces. The classification of H-type algebras satisfying J2 leads to a very simple description of the rank one symmetric spaces of the noncompact type. We also prove Kostant's double transitive theorem; we describe explicitly the Riemannian metric of the space and the standard decompositions of its isometry group. Examples of the use of our theory include the description of the Poisson kernel and the admissible domains for convergence of Poisson integrals to the boundary. © 1998 The Journal of Geometric Analysis.

Credi, A, Montalti, M, Balzani, V, Langford, SJ, Raymo, FM & Fraser Stoddart, J 1998, 'Simple molecular-level machines. Interchange between different threads in pseudorotaxanes', New Journal of Chemistry, vol. 22, no. 10, pp. 1061-1065.
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Dahia, PLM, FitzGerald, MG, Zhang, X, Marsh, DJ, Zheng, Z, Pietsch, T, von Deimling, A, Haluska, FG, Haber, DA & Eng, C 1998, 'A highly conserved processed PTEN pseudogene is located on chromosome band 9p21', Oncogene, vol. 16, no. 18, pp. 2403-2406.
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Daniel, RA, Harry, EJ, Katis, VL, Wake, RG & Errington, J 1998, 'Characterization of the essential cell division geneftsL (yllD ) ofBacillus subtilisand its role in the assembly of the division apparatus', Molecular Microbiology, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 593-604.
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We have identified the Bacillus subtilis homologue of the essential cell division gene, ftsL, of Escherichia coli, Repression of ftsL in a strain engineered to carry a conditional promoter results in cell filamentation, with a near immediate arrest of ce

de Feyter, R, McFadden, H & Dennis, L 1998, 'Five Avirulence Genes from Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum Cause Genotype-Specific Cell Death When Expressed Transiently in Cotton', Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions®, vol. 11, no. 7, pp. 698-701.
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The coding regions from five avirulence (avr) genes from Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum (Xcm), the causal agent of bacterial blight of cotton, were joined to the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and expressed transiently in cotton leaves after Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated gene transfer. A genotype-specific necrosis was observed 3 to 6 days post inoculation for constructs derived from avrB4, avrb7, and avrBIn on cotton lines containing the resistance (R) genes B4, b7, and BIn, respectively, but not on susceptible cotton plants. No necrosis was obtained with plasmids that direct expression of avr genes within A. tumefaciens, showing that the cotton response required transfer of the genes into the plant cells. Addition of a signal peptide sequence into the avr constructs to target expressed Avr protein to the apoplast significantly reduced the responses. The results indicate that intracellular expression of Xcm Avr proteins in cotton having the corresponding R gene causes specific host cell death.

Delatycki, MB, Paris, D, Gardner, RJ, Forshaw, K, Nicholson, GA, Nassif, N, Williamson, R & Forrest, SM 1998, 'Sperm DNA analysis in a Friedreich ataxia premutation carrier suggests both meiotic and mitotic expansion in the FRDA gene.', Journal of Medical Genetics, vol. 35, no. 9, pp. 713-716.
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Dennis, ES, Bilodeau, P, Burn, J, Finnegan, EJ, Genger, R, Helliwell, C, Kang, BJ, Sheldon, CC & Peacock, WJ 1998, 'Methylation controls the low temperature induction of flowering in Arabidopsis.', Symp Soc Exp Biol, vol. 51, pp. 97-103.
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Control of the transition to flowering is critical for reproductive success of a plant. Studies in Arabidopsis have led us to suggest how this species has harnessed the environmental cue of a period of low temperature to ensure flowering occurs at an appropriate time. We propose that Arabidopsis has both vernalization-independent and vernalization-dependent pathways for the initiation of inflorescence development in the shoot apex. The vernalization-independent pathway may be concerned with the supply of carbohydrate to the shoot apex. In late flowering ecotypes which respond to vernalization the vernalization-independent pathway is blocked by the action of two dominant repressors of flowering, FRI and FLC, which interact to produce very late flowering plants which respond strongly to vernalization. We have isolated a gene which may correspond to FLC. We suggest the vernalization-dependent pathway, which may be concerned with apical GA biosynthesis, is blocked by methylation of a gene critical for flowering. This gene may correspond to that encoding kaurenoic acid hydroxylase (KAH), an enzyme catalysing a step in the GA biosynthetic pathway. Under this scheme vernalization causes unblocking of this pathway by demethylation possibly of the KAH gene and consequent biosynthesis of active GAs in the apex.

Djordjevic, SP, Eamens, GJ, Ha, H, Walker, MJ & Chin, JC 1998, 'Demonstration that Australian Pasteurella multocida isolates from sporadic outbreaks of porcine pneumonia are non-toxigenic (toxA-) and display heterogeneous DNA restriction endonuclease profiles compared with toxigenic isolates from herds with progressive atrophic rhinitis', Journal of Medical Microbiology, vol. 47, no. 8, pp. 679-688.
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Djordjevic, SP, Noone, K, Smith, L & Hornitzky, MAZ 1998, 'Development of a hemi-nested PCR assay for the specific detection ofMelissococcus pluton', Journal of Apicultural Research, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 165-174.
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Dligatch, S, Cheary, RW & Smith, GB 1998, 'An analysis of Ag/Al2O3 angular selective films by x-ray reflectivity', THIN SOLID FILMS, vol. 312, no. 1-2, pp. 4-6.
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X-ray reflectivity measurements using a conventional X-ray diffractometer have been carried out on AgperAl2O3 films prepared by simultaneous bi-oblique deposition of Ag and Al2O3. The results show that this technique is a sensitive way of identifying the

Doble, P, Macka, M & Haddad, PR 1998, 'Factors influencing the choice of buffer in background electrolytes for indirect detection of fast anions by capillary electrophoresis', ELECTROPHORESIS, vol. 19, no. 12, pp. 2257-2261.
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The suitability of relatively slow (low absolute value of mobility) coanionic buffers in background electrolytes (BGEs) for indirect photometric detection of anions by capillary electrophoresis was investigated. As a model system, 2-(cyclohexylamino)etha

Doble, P, Macka, M & Haddad, PR 1998, 'Use of dyes as indirect detection probes for the high-sensitivity determination of anions by capillary electrophoresis', JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A, vol. 804, no. 1-2, pp. 327-336.
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High sensitivity for indirect detection was achieved by utilising highly absorbing species as the displaced co-ion (or probe). Two highly absorbing dyes, bromocresol green and indigo-tetrasulfonate, were investigated as potential probes in the determinat

Donnelly, R & Qu, X 1998, 'MECHANISMS OF INSULIN RESISTANCE AND NEW PHARMACOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO METABOLISM AND DIABETIC COMPLICATIONS', Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 79-87.
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1. Resistance to insulin-mediated glucose transport and metabolism has been identified as a primary mechanism in the pathogenesis of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and as a target for drug development, The aetiology of insulin resistance

Dooley, AH & Zhang, GK 1998, 'Algebras of invariant functions on the Shilov boundaries of Siegel domains', PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY, vol. 126, no. 12, pp. 3693-3699.
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Dooley, AH, Klemes, I & Quas, AN 1998, 'Product and Markov measures of type III', JOURNAL OF THE AUSTRALIAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY SERIES A-PURE MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS, vol. 65, pp. 84-110.
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Dowd, A, Smith, J & Wolfe, J 1998, 'Learning to pronounce vowel sounds in a foreign language using acoustic measurements of the vocal tract as feedback in real time', LANGUAGE AND SPEECH, vol. 41, pp. 1-20.
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Ellis, JT 1998, 'Polymerase chain reaction approaches for the detection of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY, vol. 28, no. 7, pp. 1053-1060.
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This review summarises existing knowledge on the development and use of the polymerase chain reaction for the detection of DNA from Neospora and Toxoplasma. Several strategies which utilise the polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis

Ellis, JT, Amoyal, G, Ryce, C, Harper, PAW, Clough, KA, Homan, WL & Brindley, PJ 1998, 'Comparison of the large subunit ribosomal DNA of Neospora and Toxoplasma and development of a new genetic marker for their differentiation based on the D2 domain', MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR PROBES, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 1-13.
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The latest release of the large subunit ribosomal database contains 429 sequences, yet only 10 (six nuclear and four mitochondrial) are derived from parasites of the phylum Apicomplexa. Three of these (all Toxoplasma gondii) were previously contained in

Fang, Z, Guo, X, Canney, SA, Utteridge, S, Ford, MJ, McCarthy, IE, Kheifets, AS, Vos, M & Weigold, E 1998, 'Valence-band energy-momentum densities of amorphous SiO2 by (e,2e) spectroscopy', PHYSICAL REVIEW B, vol. 57, no. 8, pp. 4349-4357.
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We have measured the energy-momentum density of amorphous silicon dioxide using an (e,2e) spectrometer with 20.8 keV incident, 19.6 keV scattered, and 1.2-keV ejected electron energies. The amorphous SiO2 sample was prepared by oxidizing a thin silicon membrane. The experimental data show a valence electronic structure characteristic of upper p-like and lower s-like bands. The width of the upper valence band is 10 eV. This is separated by 9 eV from the lower valence band, which exhibits 2-eV dispersion. We have calculated the energy-momentum density of alpha-quartz using the ab initio linear muffin-tin orbital method and the result is spherically averaged over all crystal directions to enable comparison with the experiment. The calculated electron momentum densities show very good agreement with experiment for both the upper and lower valence bands. The theoretical prediction of the energy separation between the upper and lower valence bands is about 2 eV smaller than that measured and this discrepancy is discussed. The agreement between theory and experiment suggests that the short-range order in silicon dioxide plays an important role in determining the electronic structure of this material. [S0163-1829(98)04908-X].

Field, C 1998, 'Rationales and practices of mangrove afforestation', Marine and Freshwater Research, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 353-353.
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The goals of mangrove afforestation for the purposes of conservation and landscaping, sustainable yield of natural products and the protection of coastlines are identified. Basic practical considerations for the planting of mangroves such as site selection, species selection, planting and monitoring are presented. Finally, there is a brief discussion of the research needs in this area.

Finnegan, EJ, Genger, RK, Kovac, K, Peacock, WJ & Dennis, ES 1998, 'DNA methylation and the promotion of flowering by vernalization', PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, vol. 95, no. 10, pp. 5824-5829.
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Finnegan, EJ, Genger, RK, Peacock, WJ & Dennis, ES 1998, 'DNA methylation in plants', ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, vol. 49, pp. 223-247.
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Ford, MJ 1998, 'Studies of the electron-impact double-ionisation process in magnesium using coincidence techniques', AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS, vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 665-678.
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Ford, MJ, El-Marji, B, Doering, JP, Moore, JH, Coplan, MA & Cooper, JW 1998, 'Electron-impact double ionization of magnesium', PHYSICAL REVIEW A, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 325-330.
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Forrest, SM, Knight, M, Delatycki, MB, Paris, D, Williamson, R, King, J, Yeung, L, Nassif, N & Nicholson, GA 1998, 'The correlation of clinical phenotype in Friedreich ataxia with the site of point mutations in the FRDA gene', NEUROGENETICS, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 253-257.
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Forsyth, TP, Williams, DBG, Montalban, AG, Stern, CL, Barrett, AGM & Hoffman, BM 1998, 'A Facile and Regioselective Synthesis of Trans-Heterofunctionalized Porphyrazine Derivatives', The Journal of Organic Chemistry, vol. 63, no. 2, pp. 331-336.
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Fu, S, Davies, MJ, Stocker, R & Dean, RT 1998, 'Evidence for roles of radicals in protein oxidation in advanced human atherosclerotic plaque', BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL, vol. 333, pp. 519-525.

Fu, SL, Dean, R, Southan, M & Truscott, R 1998, 'The hydroxyl radical in lens nuclear cataractogenesis', JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY, vol. 273, no. 44, pp. 28603-28609.
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Fu, SL, Fu, MX, Baynes, JW, Thorpe, SR & Dean, RT 1998, 'Presence of dopa and amino acid hydroperoxides in proteins modified with advanced glycation end products (AGEs): amino acid oxidation products as a possible source of oxidative stress induced by AGE proteins', BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL, vol. 330, no. 1, pp. 233-239.

Garrett, Q, Chatelier, RC, Griesser, HJ & Milthorpe, BK 1998, 'Effect of charged groups on the adsorption and penetration of proteins onto and into carboxymethylated poly(HEMA) hydrogels', BIOMATERIALS, vol. 19, no. 23, pp. 2175-2186.
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Proteins, lipids and other biomolecules interact strongly with the acrylic-based biomaterials used for contact lenses. Although hydrogels are nominally resistant to protein fouling, many studies have reported considerable amounts of protein bound to poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) (PHEMA) lenses. This study examined the binding of a series of biomolecules (tear protein analogues, mucin and cholesterol) to poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) and three HEMA-based hydrogels (PHEMA, HEMA plus methacrylic acid (P(HEMAMAA)), HEMA plus methacrylic acid plus N-vinylpyrrolidone (P(HEMAMAANVP))) by use of a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) monitoring. The QCM-D estimates changes in the mass and viscous constant for the adsorbed layer through measurements of frequency and dissipation. Protein interaction with each of the test materials caused a net increase in mass of the material indicating protein binding except for lysozyme interacting with P(HEMAMAA). A net decrease in mass was observed for lysozyme interacting with P(HEMAMAA) which may be ascribed to lysozyme collapsing the hydrogel by expelling water. A net mass decrease was observed for cholesterol interacting with each of the hydrogel materials, while a mass increase was observed on PMMA.

Gaylor, D, Ryan, L, Krewski, D & Zhu, YL 1998, 'Procedures for calculating benchmark doses for health risk assessment', REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 150-164.
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Safety assessment for noncancer health effects generally has been based upon dividing a no observed adverse effect (NOAEL) by uncertainty (safety) factors to provide an acceptable daily intake (ADI) or reference dose (RfD). Since the NOAEL does not utilize all of the available dose-response data, allows higher ADI from poorer experiments, and may have an unknown, unacceptable level of risk, the benchmark dose (BD) with a specified, controlled low level of risk has become popular as an adjunct to the NOAEL or the low observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) in the safety assessment process. The purpose of this paper is to summarize statistical procedures available for calculating BDs and their confidence limits for noncancer endpoints. Procedures are presented and illustrated for quantal (binary), quasicontinuous (proportion), and continuous data. Quasicontinuous data arise in developmental studies where the measure of an effect for a fetus is quantal (normal or abnormal) but the experimental unit is the mother (litter) so that results can be expressed as the proportion of abnormal fetuses per litter. However, the correlation of effects among fetuses within a litter poses some additional statistical problems. Also, developmental studies usually include some continuous measures, such as fetal body weight or length. With continuous data there generally is not a clear demarcation between normal and adverse measurements. In such cases, extremely high and/or low measurements at some designated percentile(s) can be considered abnormal. Then the probability (risk) of abnormal individuals can be estimated as a function of dose. The procedure for estimating a ED with continuous data is illustrated using neurotoxicity data. When multiple measures of adverse effects are available, a BD can be estimated based on a selected endpoint or the appearance of any combination of endpoints. Multivariate procedures are illustrated using developmental and reproductive toxicity data.

Gibson, LF & George, AM 1998, 'Melanin and novel melanin precursors fromAeromonas media', FEMS Microbiology Letters, vol. 169, no. 2, pp. 261-268.
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Gibson, LF, Woodworth, J & George, AM 1998, 'Probiotic activity of Aeromonas media on the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, when challenged with Vibrio tubiashii', Aquaculture, vol. 169, no. 1-2, pp. 111-120.
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Glover, J, Grelon, M, Craig, S, Chaudhury, A & Dennis, E 1998, 'Cloning and characterization of MS5 from Arabidopsis: a gene critical in male meiosis', PLANT JOURNAL, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 345-356.
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Godlewski, M, Goldys, EM, Philips, MR, Bergman, JP, Monemar, B, Langer, R & Barski, A 1998, 'Morphology and optical properties of cubic phase GaN epilayers grown on (001) Si', MRS Internet Journal of Nitride Semiconductor Research, vol. 3, no. 51.
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Optical properties of GaN epilayers of a cubic phase are studied. We show a strong influence of the sample morphology on intensity of the edge emission. Whereas edge luminescence is reduced at the grain boundaries, red emission is spatially homogeneous.

Godlewski, M, Goldys, EM, Phillips, MR, Langer, R & Barski, A 1998, 'Influence of the surface morphology on the yellow and 'edge' emissions in wurtzite GaN', APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, vol. 73, no. 25, pp. 3686-3688.
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In this letter we examine an influence of surface morphology on yellow and edge emissions in wurtzite phase GaN. Our cathodoluminescence measurements show that the yellow emission does not correlate with the surface morphology, but simultaneously the edg

Godlewski, M, Suski, T, Grzegory, I, Porowski, S, Langer, R, Barski, A, Bergman, JP, Monemar, B, Goldys, EM & Phillips, MR 1998, 'Mechanisms of yellow and red photoluminescence in wurtzite and cubic GaN', ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA A, vol. 94, no. 2, pp. 326-330.
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The origin of two deep photoluminescence (PL) emissions observed in wurtzite (yellow FL) and cubic (red FL) GaN is discussed. PL and time-resolved PL studies confirm donor-acceptor pair character of the yellow band in wurtzite GaN and point to participat

Goldys, EM, Zuo, HY, Tansley, TL, Phillips, MR & Contessa, CM 1998, 'Band offsets in In0.15Ga0.85As/GaAs and In0.15Ga0.85As/Al0.15Ga0.85As studied by photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence', SUPERLATTICES AND MICROSTRUCTURES, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 1223-1226.
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Gross, KA & Phillips, MR 1998, 'Identification and mapping of the amorphous phase in plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite coatings using scanning cathodoluminescence microscopy', JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN MEDICINE, vol. 9, no. 12, pp. 797-802.
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The presence and distribution of the amorphous phase is a key factor in the performance and bone-bonding behavior of plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite coatings. Microanalysis of coatings was conducted with microprobe Raman and scanning cathodoluminescence mi

GROSS, KA, CHAI, CS, KANNANGARA, GSK, BEN-NISSAN, B & HANLEY, L 1998, 'Thin hydroxyapatite coatings via sol–gel synthesis', Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, vol. 9, no. 12, pp. 839-843.
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Production of hydroxyapatite coatings using an alkoxide-based sol-gel route requires control of solution aging time and heating schedule. P-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to investigate the changes during aging of the sol and thermal

Hansbro, PM, Chen, XJ & Clark-Walker, GD 1998, 'Allele-specific expression of the Mgi- phenotype on disruption of the F 1 -ATPase delta-subunit gene in Kluyveromyces lactis', Current Genetics, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 46-51.
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Helliwell, CA, Sheldon, CC, Olive, MR, Walker, AR, Zeevaart, JAD, Peacock, WJ & Dennis, ES 1998, 'Cloning of the Arabidopsis ent-kaurene oxidase gene GA3', PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, vol. 95, no. 15, pp. 9019-9024.
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Herok, GH, Millar, TJ, Anderton, PJ & Martin, DK 1998, 'Characterization of an inwardly rectifying potassium channel in the rabbit superior lacrimal gland', INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 308-314.
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PURPOSE. To characterize the properties of an inwardly rectifying K+ (K-IR) current in fresh, enzymatically isolated acinar cells from the rabbit superior lacrimal gland. METHODS. New Zealand White rabbits of both sexes were killed by injecting 45 mg/kg

Herok, GH, Millar, TJ, Anderton, PJ & Martin, DK 1998, 'Inward-rectifying potassium channels in the rabbit superior lacrimal gland', LACRIMAL GLAND, TEAR FILM, AND DRY EYE SYNDROMES 2, vol. 438, pp. 205-208.
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NA

Herok, GH, Millar, TJ, Anderton, PJ & Martin, DK 1998, 'Voltage- and Ca2+-dependent chloride current activated by hyposmotic and hyperosmotic stress in rabbit superior lacrimal acinar cells', LACRIMAL GLAND, TEAR FILM, AND DRY EYE SYNDROMES 2, vol. 438, pp. 129-132.
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NA

Hoeren, FU, Dolferus, R, Wu, YR, Peacock, WJ & Dennis, ES 1998, 'Evidence for a role for AtMYB2 in the induction of the Arabidopsis alcohol dehydrogenase gene (ADH1) by low oxygen', GENETICS, vol. 149, no. 2, pp. 479-490.

Hong, MY, Chapkin, RS, Turner, ND, Galindo, CD, Carroll, RJ & Lupton, JR 1998, 'Fish oil enhances targeted apoptosis of colonocytes within the first 12 hours of carcinogen exposure and results in lower levels of DNA damage compared to corn oil', FASEB Journal, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. A656-A656.
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We have recently shown that fish oil protects against experimentally-induced colon cancer during the promotion phase primarily by enhancing apoptosis rather than decreasing cell proliferation. In this study we determined if fish oil is also protective by enhancing apoptosis during the initiation stage in response to DNA damage. Thirty male rats were provided with corn oil or fish oil, injected with azoxymethane, and terminated 0, 3, 6, 9 or 12 h later. Targeted apoptosis and DNA damage were assessed by cell position within the crypt using the TUNEL assay and quantitative immunohistochemical analysis of O6-methylguanine adducts, respectively. Most of the apoptosis was found toward the base of the crypt where the stem cells are located (41.74% in the bottom 1/3 of the crypt compared to 0.81% in the top 1/3, P<0.001). However, fish oil had the greatest effect on apoptosis at the top 1/3 of the crypt, doubling the apoptotic index compared to corn oil (P<0.01). There were lower levels of adducts throughout the 12 h time course of the study with fish oil vs corn oil (P<0.001). In the top 1/3 of the crypt, fish oil caused an incremental stimulation of apoptosis with increased adduct level, whereas, there was a negative regression between apoptosis and adduct incidence with corn oil feeding (P<0.03). Since polyps and tumors eventually develop from loss of growth control and retention of cells at the top of the crypt, the significant difference in fish oil vs corn oil on apoptosis targeted to this region may account, in part, for the observed protective effect of fish oil against experimentally-induced colon cancer.

Hush, NS & Reimers, JR 1998, 'Solvent effects on metal to ligand charge transfer excitations', COORDINATION CHEMISTRY REVIEWS, vol. 177, pp. 37-60.
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Hush, NS, Hutter, M & Reimers, JR 1998, 'Low-lying vibronic transitions as source of microscopic parameters of electron transfer in the 'special pairs' of bacterial photosynthetic reaction centres.', ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, vol. 215, pp. U189-U189.

Hush, NS, Reimers, JR, Hall, LE, Johnston, LA & Crossley, MJ 1998, 'Optimization and chemical control of porphyrin-based molecular wires and switches', MOLECULAR ELECTRONICS: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 852, pp. 1-21.
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Hush, NS, Zeng, J, Reimers, JR & Craw, JS 1998, 'The Primary Process in Photooxidation of Fe²⁺(H₂O)₆ in Water', Advances in Chemistry Series, vol. 254, pp. 263-277.
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When aqueous solutions containing Fe2+ ions are irradiated at <250 nm, photooxidation to Fe3+occurs and molecular hydrogen is generated. This plwtoprocess has been studied extensively for over 60 years, but without agreement being reached about the nature of the primary step. Possible initial steps include metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT), internal Fe2+ 3d4s absorption, direct electron photodetachment producing a partially solvated electron in a pre-existing solvent cavity, and polaron-type charge transfer to solvent (CTTS) absorption. We consider the energetics and solvent shift of the first three of these processes, concluding that the MLCT band is too high in energy, the 3d -4s excitation could participate, and the direct photodetachment band is at the correct energy and intensity to account for all that is (as yet) observed of the absorption band. In general, a rather complicated picture of this process in inorganic complexes emerges. In this work, we apply a general method tue have developed for estimating the effects of solvents on transitions of species that have strong specific interactions (e.g., hydrogen bonding) with the solvent molecules. © 1998 American Chemical Society.

Hutter, MC, Reimers, JR & Hush, NS 1998, 'Modeling the bacterial photosynthetic reaction center. 1. Magnesium parameters for the semiempirical AM1 method developed using a genetic algorithm', JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B, vol. 102, no. 41, pp. 8080-8090.
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Jahan, F & Smith, GB 1998, 'Investigation of angular selective optical properties of silver titanium oxide cermet thin films', THIN SOLID FILMS, vol. 333, no. 1-2, pp. 185-190.
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Thin films of silver-titanium oxide cermet were prepared with angular and spectral selectivity of optical transmittance. Titanium oxide was deposited reactively by d.c. magnetron sputtering and in a filtered cathodic are system. Metallic silver was co-de

Jarrard, DF, Kinoshita, H, Shi, Y, Sandefur, C, Hoff, D, Meisner, LF, Chang, C, Herman, JG, Isaacs, WB & Nassif, N 1998, 'Methylation of the androgen receptor promoter CpG island is associated with loss of androgen receptor expression in prostate cancer cells.', Cancer Res, vol. 58, no. 23, pp. 5310-5314.
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Androgen-independent metastatic prostate cancer is characterized by a heterogeneous loss of androgen receptor (AR) expression among tumor cells. In this study, we evaluate DNA hypermethylation as a potential transcriptional regulatory mechanism in AR-negative prostate cancer cell lines. Nucleotide sequence analysis demonstrates an approximately 15-kb CpG island in the AR gene that encompasses the transcription start site and exon 1. Using Southern blotting with methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes and methylation-specific PCR, we find aberrant methylation in the AR expression-negative cell lines Du145, DuPro, TSU-PR1, and PPC1. Incomplete methylation in the AR CpG island is also seen in normal female breast and ovarian tissues consistent with the inactivation of one X chromosome by hypermethylation. In contrast, prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP and PC3 express AR and are unmethylated. Normal prostate epithelial cell strains demonstrate no methylation. Exposure of AR-negative prostate cancer cell lines to 5-aza-2' deoxycytidine, a demethylating agent, induces the reexpression of AR RNA in DuPro and TSU-PR1. This reexpression is associated with a demethylation of this region. Prostate-specific antigen, an androgen-responsive gene, is also specifically induced in these lines after AR reexpression. Therefore, in vitro DNA methylation of the 5' CpG AR island may be associated with the loss of AR expression. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that treatment with demethylating agents may engender the reexpression and function of the androgen receptor in AR-negative cell lines.

Johnson, AM 1998, 'Is there more than one species in the genus Toxoplasma??', Tokai J Exp Clin Med, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 383-389.
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A complete life cycle for the ubiquitous protozoan parasite Toxoplasma was proposed over 25 years ago. Since that time, despite attempts to make the genus polyspecific, there has been only one species, Toxoplasma gondii, consistently recognised in the genus. Recent studies on taxa in genera closely related to Toxoplasma such as Neospora, Hammondia, Frenkelia, Isospora and Sarcocystis, have convincingly showed the need for a reclassification of many of the species in these genera. However, in addition to these genus level studies, over the last 10 years several laboratories have used molecular techniques including isoenzyme electrophoresis, restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses, random amplified polymorphic DNA - polymerase chain reaction, and comparisons of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene, DNA polymerase alpha intron, and 70 kDa heat shock protein gene nucleotide sequences to investigate the genetic diversity among strains in the species T. gondii. Overall, the results of these analyses confirm that the strains in the genus Toxoplasma comprise a limited number of clonal lineages, directly correlated with their virulence in mice. The aim of this presentation is to review the molecular research in this area in order to raise the hypothesis that there may be more than one species in the genus Toxoplasma, which may contain taxa with distinct and different life cycles.

Jolliffe, KA, Bell, TDM, Ghiggino, KP, Langford, SJ & Paddon-Row, MN 1998, 'Efficient Photoinduced Electron Transfer in a Rigid U-Shaped Tetrad Bearing Terminal Porphyrin and Viologen Units', Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol. 37, no. 7, pp. 915-919.
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Jolliffe, KA, Bell, TDM, Ghiggino, KP, Langford, SJ & Paddon-Row, MN 1998, 'Efficient photoinduced electron transfer in a rigid U-shaped tetrad bearing terminal porphyrin and viologen units', Angewandte Chemie - International Edition, vol. 37, no. 7, pp. 915-919.
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Apparently solvent-mediated and not throughbond photoinduced electron transfer (ET) takes place from the porphyrin (P) unit to the methylviologen (MV2+) unit in the rigid U-shaped molecules 1 (i.e., k(TS)/(ET) > k(TB)/(ET); TS = through-solvent, TB = through-bond). The ratio of the rates of charge separation to charge recombination is greater than 1400:1.

Jolliffe, KA, Bell, TDM, Ghiggino, KP, Langford, SJ & Paddon-Row, MN 1998, 'Ein effizienter photoinduzierter Elektronentransfer in einer starren, U-förmigen Tetrade mit endständigen Porphyrin- und Viologen-Einheiten', Angewandte Chemie, vol. 110, no. 7, pp. 959-964.
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Jones, PM & George, AM 1998, 'A New Structural Model for P-Glycoprotein', Journal of Membrane Biology, vol. 166, no. 2, pp. 133-147.
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Multidrug resistance to anti-cancer drugs is a major medical problem. Resistance is manifested largely by the product of the human MDR1 gene, P-glycoprotein, an ABC transporter that is an integral membrane protein of 1280 amino acids arranged into two homologous halves, each comprising 6 putative transmembrane ?-helices and an ATP binding domain. Despite the plethora of data from site-directed, scanning and domain replacement mutagenesis, epitope mapping and photoaffinity labeling, a clear structural model for P-glycoprotein remains largely elusive. In this report, we propose a new model for P-glycoprotein that is supported by the vast body of previous data. The model comprises 2 membrane-embedded 16-strand ?-barrels, attached by short loops to two 6-helix bundles beneath each barrel. Each ATP binding domain contributes 2 ?-strands and 1 ?-helix to the structure. This model, together with an analysis of the amino acid sequence alignment of P-glycoprotein isoforms, is used to delineate drug binding and translocation sites. We show that the locations of these sites are consistent with mutational, kinetic and labeling data.

Jones, RJ, Hoegh-Guldberg, O, Larkum, AWD & Schreiber, U 1998, 'Temperature-induced bleaching of corals begins with impairment of the CO2 fixation mechanism in zooxanthellae', Plant, Cell and Environment, vol. 21, no. 12, pp. 1219-1230.
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The early effects of heat stress on the photosynthesis of symbiotic dinoflagellates (zooxanthellae) within the tissues of a reef-building coral were examined using pulse-amplitude-modulated (PAM) chlorophyll fluorescence and photorespirometry. Exposure of Stylophora pistillata to 33 and 34 °C for 4 h resulted in (1) the development of strong non-photochemical quenching (qN) of the chlorophyll fluorescence signal, (2) marked decreases in photosynthetic oxygen evolution, and (3) decreases in optimal quantum yield (F(v)/F(m)) of photosystem II (PSII). Quantum yield decreased to a greater extent on the illuminated surfaces of coral branches than on lower (shaded) surfaces, and also when high irradiance intensities were combined with elevated temperature (33 °C as opposed to 28 °C). qN collapsed in heat-stressed samples when quenching analysis was conducted in the absence of oxygen. Collectively, these observations are interpreted as the initiation of photoprotective dissipation of excess absorbed energy as heat (qN) and O2-dependent electron flow through the Mehler-Ascorbate-Peroxidase cycle (MAP-cycle) following the point at which the rate of light-driven electron transport exceeds the capacity of the Calvin cycle. A model for coral bleaching is proposed whereby the primary site of heat damage in S. pistillata is carboxylation within the Calvin cycle, as has been observed during heat damage in higher plants. Damage to PSII and a reduction in F(v)/F(m) (i.e. photoinhibition) are secondary effects following the overwhelming of photoprotective mechanisms by light. This secondary factor increases the effect of the primary variable, temperature. Potential restrictions of electron flow in heat-stressed zooxanthellae are discussed with respect to Calvin cycle enzymes and the unusual status of the dinoflagellate Rubisco. Significant features of our model are that (1) damage to PSII is not the initial step in the sequence of heat stress in zooxanthellae, and (2) light plays ...

Justice, CO, Vermote, E, Townshend, JRG, Defries, R, Roy, DP, Hall, DK, Salomonson, VV, Privette, JL, Riggs, G, Strahler, A, Lucht, W, Myneni, RB, Knyazikhin, Y, Running, SW, Nemani, RR, Wan, ZM, Huete, AR, van Leeuwen, W, Wolfe, RE, Giglio, L, Muller, JP, Lewis, P & Barnsley, MJ 1998, 'The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS): Land remote sensing for global change research', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 1228-1249.
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The first Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument is planned for launch by NASA in 1998. This instrument will provide a new and improved capability for terrestrial satellite remote sensing aimed at meeting the needs of global change research. The MODIS standard products will provide new and improved tools for moderate resolution land surface monitoring. These higher order data products have been designed to remove the burden of certain common types of data processing from the user community and meet the more general needs of global-to-regional monitoring, modeling, and assessment. The near-daily coverage of moderate resolution data from MODIS, coupled with the planned increase in high-resolution sampling from Landsat 7, will provide a powerful combination of observations. The full potential of MODIS will be realized once a stable and well-calibrated time-series of multispectral data has been established. In this paper the proposed MODIS standard products for land applications are described along with the current plans for data quality assessment and product validation

Kalceff, MAS, Phillips, MR, Toth, M, Moon, AR, Jamieson, DN, Orwa, JO & Prawer, S 1998, 'Cathodoluminescence Microanalysis of Electron Irradiation Damage in Wide Band Gap Materials', MRS Proceedings, vol. 540, pp. 43-48.
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AbstractCathodoluminescence (CL) microanalysis (spectroscopy and microscopy) in an electron microscope enables both pre-existing and irradiation induced local variations in the bulk and surface defect structure of wide band gap materials to be characterized with high spatial (lateral and depth) resolution and sensitivity. CL microanalytical techniques allow the in situ monitoring of electron irradiation induced damage, the post irradiation assessment of damage induced by other energetic radiation, and the investigation of irradiation induced electromigration of mobile charged defect species. Electron irradiated silicon dioxide polymorphs and MeV H+ ion implanted Type Ila diamond have been investigated using CL microanalytical techniques.

Kauermann, G, Müller, M & Carroll, RJ 1998, 'The efficiency of bias-corrected estimators for nonparametric kernel estimation based on local estimating equations', Statistics & Probability Letters, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 41-47.
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Kearns, A, Cole, L, Hawes, CR & Evans, DE 1998, 'Establishment of low extracellular pH is essential for uptake of the fluorescent anionic dye hydroxypyrenetrisulfonate by suspension-cultured carrot cells', Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, vol. 36, no. 12, pp. 879-887.
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Kehrer, SR, Hannan, CM & Raison, RL 1998, 'Identification of a subpopulation of leucocytes from the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) responsive to pokeweed mitogen', FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 477-487.
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Several compounds which are known to be potent polyclonal activators of lymphocytes in mammals have also been demonstrated to have mitogenic activity for leucocytes from a number of fish species, including rainbow trout. In the present study, the rainbow

Keller, SM, Ryan, LM, Coia, LR, Dang, P, Vaught, DJ, Diggs, C, Weiner, LM & Benson, AB 1998, 'High dose chemoradiotherapy followed by esophagectomy for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction', Cancer, vol. 83, no. 9, pp. 1908-1916.
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Kennerson, ML, Nassif, NT & Nicholson, GA 1998, 'Genomic Structure and Physical Mapping ofC17orf1:A Gene Associated with the Proximal Element of the CMT1A-REP Binary Repeat', Genomics, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 110-112.
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King, N, Ollendick, TH, Tonge, BJ, Heyne, D, Pritchard, M, Rollings, S, Young, D & Myerson, N 1998, 'School Refusal: An Overview', Behaviour Change, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 5-15.
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Traditionally, mental health professionals and school authorities have found school refusal to be a perplexing and challenging problem. Relevant to an understanding of school refusal, we initially review some important developmental-normative considerations. The clinical features, epidemiology, and etiology of school refusal are also briefly discussed. We then describe a number of behavioural strategies that have been used in the management of school refusal. Finally, we review the research support for the efficacy and acceptability of behavioural strategies in the treatment of school refusal.

King, NJ & Ollendick, TH 1998, 'Empirically validated treatments in clinical psychology', Australian Psychologist, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 89-95.
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For the protection of clients and the long-term survival of their profession, clinical psychologists are being urged to take a leading role in the promotion of empirically validated treatments. Recently, the American Psychological Association's Division of Clinical Psychology (Division 12) established a Task Force on Promotion and Dissemination of Psychological Procedures to define empirically validated treatment and make recommendations in relation to methods for educating mental health professionals, third party payers and the public about effective psychotherapies. Predictably, the task force report has a somewhat controversial status but continues to be an influential "blueprint" for the improvement of clinical psychology in various countries including Australia.

King, NJ, Eleonora, G & Ollendick, TH 1998, 'Etiology of childhood phobias: current status of Rachman’s three pathways theory', Behaviour Research and Therapy, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 297-309.
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King, NJ, Molloy, GN, Heyne, D, Murphy, GC & Ollendick, TH 1998, 'EMOTIVE IMAGERY TREATMENT FOR CHILDHOOD PHOBIAS: A CREDIBLE AND EMPIRICALLY VALIDATED INTERVENTION?', Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 103-113.
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Childhood phobias are complexly determined but responsive to behavioral interventions. This review focuses on emotive imagery, a variant of systematic desensitization developed specifically for use in treatment of children’s excessive fears. Although emotive imagery appears to be a useful treatment procedure, further research is needed before it could be considered as having “well-established” empirical status. Several other important methodological and theoretical issues are emphasized.

King, NJ, Ollendick, TH, Murphy, GC & Molloy, GN 1998, 'Utility of relaxation training with children in school settings: A plea for realistic goal setting and evaluation', British Journal of Educational Psychology, vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 53-66.
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Background. School-based relaxation training programmes are a popular means of helping children with anxiety problems such as headaches and test anxiety. Aims. Our major objective is to evaluate the empirical status of school-based relaxation training programmes. Contents. Focusing on progressive muscle relaxation training, we show how this adult training procedure has been modified for use with children. Several training issues are discussed including the questions of live versus recorded instruction and individual versus group instruction. We also discuss the evaluation of relaxation training programmes in school settings, highlighting issues of reliability and validity. Conclusions. Our review of studies examining the efficacy of school-based relaxation training shows that improvements are usually modest and of dubious clinical or educational significance. Consequently we suggest that when relaxation training is used with school children treatment goals should be more modest or, that if improvements in specific performance areas are sought, then more comprehensive treatment packages be developed which can influence the successful performance of children in target areas and reduce anxiety to normal levels.

King, NJ, Ollendick, TH, Murphy, GC & Molloy, GN 1998, 'Utility of relaxation training with children in school settings: a plea for realistic goal setting and evaluation', British Journal of Educational Psychology, vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 53-66.
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BACKGROUND: School-based relaxation training programmes are a popular means of helping children with anxiety problems such as headaches and test anxiety. AIMS: Our major objective is to evaluate the empirical status of school-based relaxation training programmes. CONTENTS: Focusing on progressive muscle relaxation training, we show how this adult training procedure has been modified for use with children. Several training issues are discussed including the questions of live versus recorded instruction and individual versus group instruction. We also discuss the evaluation of relaxation training programmes in school settings, highlighting issues of reliability and validity. CONCLUSIONS: Our review of studies examining the efficacy of school-based relaxation training shows that improvements are usually modest and of dubious clinical or educational significance. Consequently we suggest that when relaxation training is used with school children treatment goals should be more modest or, that if improvements in specific performance areas are sought, then more comprehensive treatment packages be developed which can influence the successful performance of children in target areas and reduce anxiety to normal levels.

KING, NJ, TONGE, BJ, HEYNE, D, PRITCHARD, M, ROLLINGS, S, YOUNG, D, MYERSON, N & OLLENDICK, TH 1998, 'Cognitive‐Behavioral Treatment of School‐Refusing Children: A Controlled Evaluation', Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 395-403.
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Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a 4-week cognitive-behavioral treatment program for children who refuse to go to school. Method: Thirty- four school-refusing children (aged 5 to 15 years) were randomly assigned to a cognitive-behavioral treatment condition or a waiting-list control condition. Treatment consisted of individual child cognitive-behavioral therapy plus parent/teacher training in child behavior management skills. Measures taken before and after treatment included school attendance, child self-report of emotional distress and coping, caregiver reports on emotional and behavioral problems, and clinician ratings of global functioning. Results: Relative to waiting-list controls, children who received cognitive- behavioral therapy exhibited a significant improvement in school attendance. These children also improved on self-reports of fear, anxiety, depression, and coping. Significant improvements also occurred in relation to caregiver reports and clinician ratings. Maintenance of therapeutic gains was demonstrated at a 3-month follow-up assessment. Conclusions: Cognitive- behavioral treatment of school refusal was efficacious and acceptable. The relative contributions of child therapy and parent/teacher training require further study.

Kirkup, L & Tonthat, C 1998, 'A direct reading thermometer based on a silicon diode', Physics Education, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 302-305.
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Knepper, M, Milthorpe, BK & Moricca, S 1998, 'Interdiffusion in short-fibre reinforced hydroxyapatite ceramics', JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN MEDICINE, vol. 9, no. 10, pp. 589-596.
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Sintering in air and hot isostatic pressing are production methods regarded as being capable of producing fibre-reinforced hydroxyapatite ceramics for biomedical applications. These composites may have the advantage of improved mechanical properties and be suitable for applications in areas where there are significant levels of load on the material. The use of pure hydroxyapatite is restricted to those free of dynamical load. Obtaining improved mechanical strength is a question of the bond between the matrix phase and the fibre-reinforcement phase. However, a chemical bond between both phases, indicated by large diffusion zones, might lead to the dehydration of the hydroxyapatite leading to undesired tricalcium phosphate in the matrix resulting in a weakening of the mechanical and biological stability of the composites. Composites with three fibre types, alumina, 316L-stainless steel and titanium were prepared and sintered in air or hot isostatically pressed. A reaction zone was noted around the titanium and stainless steel fibres, but not around the alumina fibres. The reaction zone was larger for stainless steel than titanium. Hot isostatic pressing also reduced the reaction zone markedly compared to sintering in air.

Kohonen-Corish, M 1998, 'Urokinase receptor genotypes in colorectal cancer', Carcinogenesis, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 1149-1151.
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Kremers, M, Koeman, NJ, Griessen, R, Notten, PHL, Tolboom, R, Kelly, PJ & Duine, PA 1998, 'Optical transmission spectroscopy of switchable yttrium hydride films', Physical Review B, vol. 57, no. 8, pp. 4943-4949.
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The optical transmission of the recently discovered switchable yttrium hydride films is determined spectroscopically as a function of hydrogen content. This is done during electrochemical loading of Pd-capped Y film electrodes, thereby continuously changing the hydrogen concentration. The effect of the Pd cap layer on the film transmission is determined from measurements on a series of films with varying Pd layer thickness. The results are in good agreement with transmission measurements of in situ gas phase loaded, uncapped Y films. Both data sets can be consistently described with simple optical decay lengths such as 277.8 nm for (Formula presented) and 15.1 nm for Pd at (Formula presented) eV. The hydrogen concentration dependence of the optical transmission is discussed and compared with previous optical measurements on bulk samples and band-structure calculations. © 1998 The American Physical Society.

Kruijt, WS, Bergveld, HJ & Notten, PHL 1998, 'Electronic Network Modeling of Rechargeable Batteries: I. The Nickel and Cadmium Electrodes', Journal of The Electrochemical Society, vol. 145, no. 11, pp. 3764-3773.
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This work introduces electronic network modeling as a new way of simulating battery behavior. Mathematical descriptions are given for the Ni and Cd electrode charge/discharge reactions These mathematical descriptions are subsequently introduced in the form of electronic components, combined in an electronic network The advantage of this way of modeling is that it provides a compact electronic model of a battery, which can be used in any electronic-circuit simulation, providing a tool to develop new battery-management systems In addition, due to the discretization of the electrochemical reactions into separate electronic components, local currents and overpotentials occurring in the system can be studied. This information can be used to investigate the origin of certain battery behavior.

Leon, R, Lobo, C, Chin, TP, Woodall, JM, Fafard, S, Ruvimov, S, Liliental-Weber, Z & Stevens Kalceff, MA 1998, 'Self-forming InAs/GaP quantum dots by direct island growth', Applied Physics Letters, vol. 72, no. 11, pp. 1356-1358.
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Leon, R, Lobo, C, Clark, A, Bozek, R, Wysmolek, A, Kurpiewski, A & Kaminska, M 1998, 'Different paths to tunability in III–V quantum dots', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 84, no. 1, pp. 248-254.
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Leon, R, Lobo, C, Zou, J, Romeo, T & Cockayne, DJH 1998, 'Stable and Metastable InGaAs/GaAs Island Shapes and Surfactantlike Suppression of the Wetting Transformation', Physical Review Letters, vol. 81, no. 12, pp. 2486-2489.
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Leslie, LM & Speer, MS 1998, 'Atmospheric particulate transport modelling in a controlled burn event', Meteorological Applications, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 17-24.
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Smoke pollution from controlled burning of forested areas can be a major problem for populated areas, even those at some distance from the site of the burning. In particular, Perth, the largest city in Western Australia, is affected by smoke from controlled forest burns to the south of the city when meteorological conditions advect smoke over the city. Such controlled burns are extensively carried out on an annual basis in spring, early summer and late autumn by the Western Australian Department of Conservation and Land Management (CALM) in the southwest forests, in order to reduce flammable fuels and mitigate the undesirable social, economic, environmental and human problems caused by destructive wildfires. In this article, results are presented from a mesoscale model prediction of smoke trajectories from a controlled burn event that took place in November, 1995. In this example, two meteorological factors, a strong sea-breeze front and a mesoscale low pressure system, unexpectedly turned the smoke back from its initial trajectory over the ocean to directly over Perth itself. The result was very high smoke concentration levels over the city and associated health concerns to residents as well as disruption to transport including the closing of Perth airport. The mesoscale guidance was very accurate and can provide valuable guidance when run routinely.

Leslie, LM & Speer, MS 1998, 'Reply', Weather and Forecasting, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 1208-1209.
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Leslie, LM & Speer, MS 1998, 'Short-Range Ensemble Forecasting of Explosive Australian East Coast Cyclogenesis', Weather and Forecasting, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 822-832.
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Leslie, LM, Abbey, RF & Holland, GJ 1998, 'Tropical cyclone track predictability', Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, vol. 65, no. 3-4, pp. 223-231.
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Leslie, LM, LeMarshall, JF, Morison, RP, Spinoso, C, Purser, RJ, Pescod, N & Seecamp, R 1998, 'Improved Hurricane Track Forecasting from the Continuous Assimilation of High Quality Satellite Wind Data', Monthly Weather Review, vol. 126, no. 5, pp. 1248-1258.
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Lindsey, JC & Ryan, LM 1998, 'Tutorial in biostatistics - Methods for interval-censored data', STATISTICS IN MEDICINE, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 219-238.
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In standard time-to-event or survival analysis, occurrence times of the event of interest are observed exactly or are right-censored, meaning that it is only known that the event occurred after the last observation time, There are numerous methods available for estimating the survival curve and for testing and estimation of the effects of covariates in this context. In some situations, however, the times of the events of interest may only be known to have occurred within an interval of time. In clinical trials, for example, patients are often seen at pre-scheduled visits but the event of interest may occur in between visits. These data are interval-censored. Owing to the lack of well-known statistical methodology and available software, a common ad hoc approach is to assume that the event occurred at the end (or beginning or midpoint) of each interval, and then apply methods for standard time-to-event data. However, this approach can lead to invalid inferences, and in particular will tend to underestimate the standard errors of the estimated parameters. The purpose of this tutorial is to illustrate and compare available methods which correctly treat the data as being interval-censored. It is not meant to be a full review of all existing methods, but only those which are available in standard statistical software, or which can be easily programmed. All approaches will be illustrated on two data sets and compared with methods which ignore the interval-censored nature of the data. We hope this tutorial will allow those familiar with the application of standard survival analysis techniques the option of applying appropriate methods when presented with interval-censored data. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Lobo, C & Leon, R 1998, 'InGaAs island shapes and adatom migration behavior on (100), (110), (111), and (311) GaAs surfaces', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 83, no. 8, pp. 4168-4172.
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Lobo, C, Leon, R, Fafard, S & Piva, PG 1998, 'Intermixing induced changes in the radiative emission from III–V quantum dots', Applied Physics Letters, vol. 72, no. 22, pp. 2850-2852.
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Loscher, CE, Donnelly, S, McBennett, S, Lynch, MA & Mills, KHG 1998, 'Proinflammatory cytokines in the adverse systemic and neurologic effects associated with parenteral injection of a whole cell pertussis vaccine', MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF FEVER, vol. 856, pp. 274-277.
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Marsh, DJ, Andrew, SD, Learoyd, DL, Pojer, R, Eng, C & Robinson, BG 1998, 'Deletion-insertion mutation encompassing RET codon 634 is associated with medullary thyroid carcinoma', Human Mutation, vol. 11, no. S1, pp. S3-S4.
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Mazzanti, M, Tonini, R, Valenzuela, S & Breit, SN 1998, 'Molecular Cloning And Functional Expression Of A Novel Nuclear Chloride Ion Channel', Pflugers Archiv-european Journal Of Physiology, vol. 436, no. 5, pp. 1-1.
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McDonagh, AM, Humphrey, MG & Hockless, DCR 1998, 'Preparation of cis- and trans-[OsCl2(Me2SO)4], and X-Ray Crystal Structures of the All-S-Bound Isomers', Australian Journal of Chemistry, vol. 51, no. 9, pp. 807-807.
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Efficient syntheses of the cis and trans isomers of [OsCl2(Me2SO)4] are reported. While a structural study of thetrans isomer confirms the spectroscopically assigned all-S-bound Me2SO configuration, a crystallographic determination of the cis isomer reveals a previously unheralded all-S-bound Me2SO geometry, in contrast to the spectroscopically inferred configuration predominant in solution which has one O-bound ligand. Fortrans-[OsCl2(Me2SO)4], crystals are tetragonal, space group I 4/m, with a 9·092(2), c 11·212(3) Å, Z 2, 566 unique reflections (34 parameters), converging at R 0·026 and Rw 0·032. For cis-[OsCl2(Me2SO)4], crystals are triclinic, space group P-1, with a 8·193(2), b 8·941(3), c 13·837(3) Å, α 79·77(2), β 79·91(2), γ 65·03(2)°, Z 2, 4152 unique reflections (173 parameters), converging at R 0·021 and Rw 0·018.

McDougald, D 1998, 'Nonculturability: adaptation or debilitation?', FEMS Microbiology Ecology, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 1-9.
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McDougald, D, Rice, SA, Weichart, D & Kjelleberg, S 1998, 'Nonculturability: adaptation or debilitation?', FEMS Microbiology Ecology, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 1-9.
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McNevin, D & Barford, J 1998, 'Modelling adsorption and biological degradation of nutrients on peat', Biochemical Engineering Journal, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 217-228.
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Meier, PC, Rogers, C & Cobbin, DM 1998, 'Critical Analysis of Treatment Protocols and Outcomes at the UTS Acupuncture Clinic - a preliminary report', Meeting Point, vol. 7.

Millar, AH, Atkin, OK, Ian Menz, R, Henry, B, Farquhar, G & Day, DA 1998, 'Analysis of Respiratory Chain Regulation in Roots of Soybean Seedlings1', Plant Physiology, vol. 117, no. 3, pp. 1083-1093.
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Abstract Changes in the respiratory rate and the contribution of the cytochrome (Cyt) c oxidase and alternative oxidase (COX and AOX, respectively) were investigated in soybean (Glycine max L. cv Stevens) root seedlings using the 18O-discrimination method. In 4-d-old roots respiration proceeded almost entirely via COX, but by d 17 more than 50% of the flux occurred via AOX. During this period the capacity of COX, the theoretical yield of ATP synthesis, and the root relative growth rate all decreased substantially. In extracts from whole roots of different ages, the ubiquinone pool was maintained at 50% to 60% reduction, whereas pyruvate content fluctuated without a consistent trend. In whole-root immunoblots, AOX protein was largely in the reduced, active form at 7 and 17 d but was partially oxidized at 4 d. In isolated mitochondria, Cyt pathway and succinate dehydrogenase capacities and COX I protein abundance decreased with root age, whereas both AOX capacity and protein abundance remained unchanged. The amount of mitochondrial protein on a dry-mass basis did not vary significantly with root age. It is concluded that decreases in whole-root respiration during growth of soybean seedlings can be largely explained by decreases in maximal rates of electron transport via COX. Flux via AOX is increased so that the ubiquinone pool is maintained in a moderately reduced state.

Milstein, GN, Platen, E & Schurz, H 1998, 'Balanced implicit methods for stiff stochastic systems', SIAM JOURNAL ON NUMERICAL ANALYSIS, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 1010-1019.
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This paper introduces some implicitness in stochastic terms of numerical methods for solving stiff stochastic differential equations and especially a class of fully implicit methods, the balanced methods. Their order of strong convergence is proved. Nume

Miura, T, Huete, AR, van Leeuwen, WJD & Didan, K 1998, 'Vegetation detection through smoke-filled AVIRIS images: An assessment using MODIS band passes', JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, vol. 103, no. D24, pp. 32001-32011.
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Abstract. Radiomelrtcally calibrated, Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging SpectromeIer (AVIRIS) images acquired during the Smoke, Clouds and Radiation in Brazil (SCAR-B) experiment were processed to simulate vegetation index (VI) imagery with the Moderate Resolution Imaging SpectroradiomeIer (MODIS) band passes. Data sets were extracted from tropical forested areas, burned fields, and shrub/grassland areas over both clear and variable smoke conditions wIth average aerosol optical thickness (AOT) values at 0.67 flm of 0.14, 1.1, and 1.9, respectively. The atmospheric resistant VIs and various middle-infrared (MlR) derived Vis were then analyzed with respect to their ability 10 minimize atmospheric "smoke" contamination. The atmospheric resistant VIs utilized the blue band for correction of !he red band, while !he MlR-derived Vis used !he MIR region (1.3 - 2.5 flm) as a substitute for the red band since it is relatively transparent to smoke, yet remains sensitive to green vegetation. The performance of lhese indices were assessed and compared wi!h !he normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and !he soil-adjusIed vegetation index (SAVI). Over !he tropical forests !he NDVI and SAVI had high relative errors over all smoke-filled atmospheric conditions (50-80% error), while !he atmospheric resistant VIs resulted in a 50-80% relative error only over thick levels of smoke.

Morin, B, Bubb, WA, Davies, MJ, Dean, RT & Fu, SL 1998, '3-Hydroxylysine, a potential marker for studying radical-induced protein oxidation', CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY, vol. 11, no. 11, pp. 1265-1273.
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Munro, RK, Lyons, WF, Shao, Y, Wood, MS, Hood, LM & Leslie, LM 1998, 'Modelling land surface–atmosphere interactions over the Australian continent with an emphasis on the role of soil moisture', Environmental Modelling & Software, vol. 13, no. 3-4, pp. 333-339.
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Murray, BR 1998, 'Density-dependent germination and the role of seed leachate', AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 411-418.
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While density dependence is a central issue in much of plant ecology, it is often overlooked during the crucial seed germination period of the plant life-cycle. Here, patterns of germination in relation to initial seed density for 12 phylogenetically-div

Murray, BR, Fonseca, CR & Westoby, M 1998, 'The macroecology of Australian frogs', JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY, vol. 67, no. 4, pp. 567-579.
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The Australian continent provides an important test of macroecological patterns given its unique biota and long-term geographical isolation. However, macro- ecological contributions from the Australian continent are rare. We explored the relationship between abundance and geographical range for Australian frogs (Order Anura) across complete geographical ranges, and investigated how adult body size relates to both abundance and the size of geographical ranges.

Naulty, RH, McDonagh, AM, Whittall, IR, Cifuentes, MP, Humphrey, MG, Houbrechts, S, Maes, J, Persoons, A, Heath, GA & Hockless, DCR 1998, 'Organometallic complexes for nonlinear optics. 15. Molecular quadratic hyperpolarizabilities of trans-bis{bis(diphenylphosphino)methane}ruthenium σ-aryl- and σ-pyridyl-acetylides: X-ray crystal structure of trans-[Ru(2-CCC5H3N-5-NO2)Cl(dppm)2]', Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, vol. 563, no. 1-2, pp. 137-146.
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NA

Notten, PHL, Kruijt, WS & Bergveld, HJ 1998, 'Electronic Network Modeling of Rechargeable Batteries: II. The NiCd System', Journal of The Electrochemical Society, vol. 145, no. 11, pp. 3774-3783.
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Based on the concept of a defined sealed rechargeable NiCd battery, the mathematics of the various electrochemical and physical processes occurring inside the battery are described. Subsequently, these sets of mathematical equations are clustered and converted into an electronic network model. Introducing the relevant electrochemical and physical parameters, the one-dimensional model is shown to be capable of simulating not only the development of the cell voltage during (over)charging and (over)discharging. but also of simultaneously calculating the development of the internal gas pressure. Considering the thermal dependencies of the various electrochemical reactions and those of the battery environment, the temperature development and the mutual interaction with the voltage and gas pressure can also be calculated. Since the electronic network approach gives access to all partial currents flowing through the different reaction paths inside the battery, it is easy to visualize what processes are occurring during battery operation This is. for example, illustrated for the two-step overdischarge process, indicating that, respectively, the Cd and O2 charge-transfer reactions play a dominant role under these conditions. Electronic network simulations are shown to be not only restricted to direct current applications but are also applicable to processes, like open-circuit voltage relaxation and self-discharge behavior.

Noyes, HA, Chance, ML, Croan, DG & Ellis, JT 1998, 'Leishmania (Sauroleishmania): A comment on classification', PARASITOLOGY TODAY, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 167-167.
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NA

Oakey, HJ, Ellis, JT & Gibson, LF 1998, 'The development of random DNA probes specific for Aeromonas salmonicida', JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, vol. 84, no. 1, pp. 37-46.
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RAPD-PCR has been used to produce DNA probes for Aeromonas salmonicida. DNA hybridization studies showed that RAPD-PCR fragments of the same size did not necessarily hybridize to each other and therefore these sequences were not always homologous. Howeve

Oakey, HJ, Gibson, LF & George, AM 1998, 'Co-migration of RAPD-PCR amplicons fromAeromonas hydrophila', FEMS Microbiology Letters, vol. 164, no. 1, pp. 35-38.
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Oakey, J, Gibson, L & George, AM 1998, 'RAPD-PCR derived specific probes for Aeromonas hydrophila', Journal Of Applied Microbiology, vol. 84, no. 1, pp. 187-193.

Ollendick, TH 1998, 'Panic disorders in children and adolescents: New developments, new directions', Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 234-245.
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Reviewed panic attacks and panic disorders in children and adolescents critically and highlighted new developments. It is concluded that panic attacks and panic disorder are common in adolescence and that they are responsive to cognitive-behavioral treatment regimens. It is also concluded that although panic attacks and panic disorder are less common in children, they are nonetheless present. It is important to note, however, that their expression in childhood may vary from the clinical features seen in adolescence and adulthood. Specifically, it is suggested that most panic attacks in childhood are associated with particular events and are not unexpected or "out of the blue." Moreover, noncatastrophic interpretations of the symptoms of panic prevail. A developmental model for the onset, course, and correlates of panic in children is put forth.

Ollendick, TH & King, NJ 1998, 'Assessment Practices and Issues with School-refusing Children', Behaviour Change, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 16-30.
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School refusal is a complex and heterogeneously determined and experienced behaviour problem. Due to its complexity and heterogeneity, a multimethod and multisource approach to assessment is required. The approach is described as a hypothesis-testing approach which uses developmentally sensitive and empirically validated procedures. Clinical-behavioural interviews, structured diagnostic interviews, self-reports, reports of significant others, self-monitoring, and behavioural observations are recommended. Issues associated with these procedures are reviewed.

Ollendick, TH & King, NJ 1998, 'Empirically supported treatments for children with phobic and anxiety disorders: Current status', Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 156-167.
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Reviews the empirically supported status of behavioral and cognitive-behavioral interventions in the treatment of childhood phobias and anxiety disorders. For childhood phobias, it is concluded that imaginal desensitization, in vivo desensitization, filmed modeling, live modeling, and cognitive-behavioral interventions that use self-instruction training are probably efficacious and that participant modeling and reinforced practice are well established. For anxiety disorders, only cognitive-behavioral procedures with and without family anxiety management (FAM) were found to be probably efficacious. However, much of the support for these procedures comes from analogue studies conducted in research laboratory or school settings, delivered in small-group format and, not infrequently, with nonclinically referred children. Additional research that examines high-strength interventions with clinic-referred children is recommended. Furthermore, research that examines the pathological processes involved in the onset and maintenance of phobic and anxiety disorders as well as the change processes used to treat these disorders is called for.

O'Meara, TJ, Lucca, SD, Sporik, R, Graham, A & Tovey, E 1998, 'Detection of inhaled cat allergen', The Lancet, vol. 351, no. 9114, pp. 1488-1489.
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Orsini, F, Du Pasquier, A, Beaudoin, B, Tarascon, JM, Trentin, M, Langenhuizen, N, De Beer, E & Notten, P 1998, 'In situ Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observation of interfaces within plastic lithium batteries', Journal of Power Sources, vol. 76, no. 1, pp. 19-29.
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Padungtod, C, Lasley, BL, Christiani, DC, Ryan, LM & Xu, XP 1998, 'Reproductive hormone profile among pesticide factory workers', JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE, vol. 40, no. 12, pp. 1038-1047.
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Serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone levels, as well as urinary levels of FSH, LH, and E1C, a metabolite of testosterone, were measured to investigate the adverse reproductive effects of organophosphate pes

Paterson, MJ, Paterson, PJK & Ben-Nissan, B 1998, 'The dependence of structural and mechanical properties on film thickness in sol-gel zirconia films', Journal of Materials Research, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 388-395.
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The structure, morphology, and mechanical properties of sol-gel zirconia films have been examined using XRD, AES depth profiling, AFM, and ultramicro indentation. There is a systematic variation in the structure and morphology of the zirconia films with increasing thickness. These changes include increases in the amount of monoclinic phase, substrate oxides, and a decrease in grain size. Ultramicro indentation measurements indicate measured hardness increases with film thickness. The highest hardness value was 6.12 GPa for a 900 nm thick film. However, these values may be influenced by the substrate oxide layer at the film/substrate interface which increases with film thickness. The modulus of the films appears to be thickness independent. As the films are made up of a number of separately fired layers, it appears that the property changes observed are also related to the number of thermal cycles experienced by the sample.

Peacock, WJ & Burdon, JJ 1998, 'Biodiversity, biotechnology and agriculture', Pure and Applied Chemistry, vol. 70, no. 11, pp. 2101-2106.
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Abstract

Platen, E & Schweizer, M 1998, 'On feedback effects from hedging derivatives', MATHEMATICAL FINANCE, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 67-84.
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This paper proposes a new explanation for the smile and skewness effects in implied volatilities. Starting from a microeconomic equilibrium approach, we develop a diffusion model for stock prices explicitly incorporating the technical demand induced by h

Radchik, AV, Moses, P, Skryabin, IL & Smith, GB 1998, 'New effective medium approach to optical response in non-random arrays', THIN SOLID FILMS, vol. 317, no. 1-2, pp. 446-448.
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NA

Ralph, PJ 1998, 'Photosynthetic response of laboratory-cultured Halophila ovalis to thermal stress', MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES, vol. 171, pp. 123-130.
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Chlorophyll a fluorescence was able to rapidly detect responses of laboratory-cultured Halophila ovalis to acute changes in temperature. Six heating (27.5, 30.0, 32.5, 35.0, 37.5 and 40.0 degrees C) and 6 chilling (10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 17.5, 20.0 and 22.5 d

Ralph, PJ 1998, 'Photosynthetic responses of Halophila ovalis (R. Br.) Hook. f. to osmotic stress', JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY, vol. 227, no. 2, pp. 203-220.
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Chlorophyll fluorescence was used to monitor the onset, development and recovery from hyper- and hypo-osmotic stress effects of the seagrass, Halophila ovalis (R. Br.) Hook. f. H. ovalis was able to tolerate rapid transfer from normal (35 ppt) seawater t

Ralph, PJ & Burchett, MD 1998, 'Impact of petrochemicals on the photosynthesis of Halophila ovalis using chlorophyll fluorescence', MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 429-436.
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Laboratory-cultured Halophila ovalis showed tolerance to petrochemical exposure up to 1% (w/v) solution of Bass Strait crude oil, an oil dispersant (Corexit 9527) and a mixture of crude oil and dispersant, Quantum yield, as measured by chlorophyll fluore

Ralph, PJ & Burchett, MD 1998, 'Photosynthetic response of Halophila ovalis to heavy metal stress', ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION, vol. 103, no. 1, pp. 91-101.
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This paper deals with the photosynthetic effects of a range of heavy metals on the seagrass Halophila ovalis. In this study, the photosynthetic response of laboratory-cultured II. ovalis to four heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn) was investigated. The results

Ralph, PJ, Gademann, R & Dennison, WC 1998, 'In situ seagrass photosynthesis measured using a submersible, pulse-amplitude modulated fluorometer', MARINE BIOLOGY, vol. 132, no. 3, pp. 367-373.
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Assessments of photosynthetic activity in marine plants can now be made in situ using a newly developed, submersible, pulse-amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometer: Diving-PAM. PAM fluorometry provides a measure of chlorophyll a fluorescence using rapid-li

Ralph, PJ, Morrison, DA & Addison, A 1998, 'A quantitative study of the patterns of morphological variation within Hormosira banksii (Turner) Decaisne (Fucales : Phaeophyta) in south-eastern Australia', JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY, vol. 225, no. 2, pp. 285-300.
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Homzosira banksii shows a considerable degree of morphological variability throughout its range in south-eastern Australia, apparently in relation to the local habitat, and there have been several previous qualitative attempts to categorize this variatio

Razmovski, V, O'meara, T, Hjelmroos, M, Marks, G & Tovey, E 1998, 'Adhesive tapes as capturing surfaces in Burkard sampling', Grana, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 305-310.
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Reimers, JR, Hall, LE, Hush, NS & Silverbrook, K 1998, 'Chemical control of tautomerization-based molecular electronic and color switches', MOLECULAR ELECTRONICS: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 852, pp. 38-53.
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Reimers, JR, Hutter, MC & Hush, NS 1998, 'The spectroscopy of the low-lying bands in the special-pair radical-cations of photosynthetic reaction centres', PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH, vol. 55, no. 2-3, pp. 163-171.
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Reuben, AJ & Smith, GB 1998, 'Normal-mode decomposition for the optical response of cylinder clusters', PHYSICAL REVIEW E, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 1101-1111.
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We present a powerful technique that generates the complete normal-mode representation for the two-dimensional quasistatic response of any finite cluster of nonintersecting cylinders. We initially study two particular structures, a rectangular and then a

Ritchie, RJ & Larkum, AWD 1998, 'Uptake of Thallium, a Toxic Heavy-Metal, in the Cyanobacterium Synechococcus R-2 (Anacystis nidulans, S. Leopoliensis) PCC 7942', Plant and Cell Physiology, vol. 39, no. 11, pp. 1156-1168.
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Uptake of the toxic heavy-metal, thallium, was studied in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus R-2 (PCC 7942) using clinically available 201Tl+. Thallium was found to distribute across the plasmalemma passively, and so the accumulation ratio of the ion ([TI+]i/[Tl+]o) could be used to calculate the apparent membrane potential (Δψi,o) of the cells (ETli,o+=Δψi,o). The permeability of the plasmalemma to Tl+ (PTl+≈1 to 5 nm s-1) is higher than that of K+. Valinomycin does not increase the permeability of Tl+. Transient changes in the Δψi,o of cells, because of electrogenic transport of ions, could be detected from its effects upon the uptake rate of Tl+. HCO3- hyperpolarized Synechococcus cells, whereas NH4+, CH3NH3+, and K+ led to depolarization. The use of Tl+ as a reporter of Δψi,o has some inherent limitations. Tl+ is toxic at very low concentrations (inhibitory effects are apparent after about 6 h at concentrations as low as 1 mmol m-3). The rate of equilibration is slow (t1/2≈5 to 20 min). Equilibration of Tl+ takes about 2 h, which limits its value as a membrane potential probe. Large amounts of Tl+ bind to the surface of the cells making the method impracticable for measuring accumulation ratios of less than about 10 (Δψi,o values smaller than about -60 mV). Cultures continuously exposed to Tl+ (10 mmol m-3) eventually become Tl+ resistant by actively extruding Tl+ (ΔμTli,o+=-3±0.2 kJ mol-1) and so thallium cannot be used as a Δψi,o probe in such cells.

Roberts, DE, Smith, A, Ajani, P & Davis, AR 1998, 'Rapid changes in encrusting marine assemblages exposed to anthropogenic point-source pollution:a 'Beyond BACI' approach', Marine Ecology Progress Series, vol. 163, pp. 213-224.
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Cover of and the number of species in encrusting macrobenthic assemblages inhabiting temperate rocky reefs in the vicinity of an ocean outfall changed rapidly following the discharge of secondary treated sewage effluent. Within 3 mo of the commissioning of the outfall, significant reductions in the cover of crustose and foliose algae were apparent when this outfall area was compared to 2 reference locations. The cover of several species of sponge, including Cymbastela concentrica, Geodinella sp. and Spongia sp., also underwent marked declines coincident with the commissioning of the outfall. Only 1 category of cover increased significantly at the outfall; this was a nondescript matrix comprising silt and microorganisms, which doubled its representation to almost 60%. We did not detect significant declines in the cover and number of species of sponges or total fauna, however. A 'Beyond BACI' experimental design was used to determine the environmental impact because of the great spatial and temporal variability in these shallow water (~20 m) encrusting communities. Photographic samples were taken in 3 periods, the first pre-commissioning and the other 2 post-commissioning. Multivariate analyses revealed marked shifts in the structure of the assemblage at the outfall relative to the reference locations; these shifts were clearly depicted by a non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (nMDS) plot. A SIMPER analysis confirmed that the overall composition of the community at the outfall changed from one in which algae and sponges were well represented to an assemblage dominated by silt and ascidians.

San Gil, Turner, Mullbacher, Walker, Djordjevic, Eamens & Chin 1998, 'Flow Cytometric Analysis of Cellular Changes in Mice after Intradermal Inoculation with a Liposome–Iscom Adjuvanted Vaccine', Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 243-253.
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Sano, EE, Huete, AR, Troufleau, D, Moran, MS & Vidal, A 1998, 'Relation between ERS-1 synthetic aperture radar data and measurements of surface roughness and moisture content of rocky soils in a semiarid rangeland', WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 1491-1498.
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Saunders, BM, Frank, AA, Cooper, AM & Orme, IM 1998, 'Role of γδ T Cells in Immunopathology of Pulmonary Mycobacterium avium Infection in Mice', Infection and Immunity, vol. 66, no. 11, pp. 5508-5514.
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ABSTRACT Several studies have shown that γδ T cells influence granuloma development after infection with intracellular pathogens. The role of γδ T cells in controlling the influx of inflammatory cells into the lung after Mycobacterium avium infection was therefore examined with gene-disrupted mice (K/O). The mice were infected with either M. avium 724, a progressively replicating highly virulent strain of M. avium , or with M. avium 2-151 SmT, a virulent strain that induces a chronic infection. γδ-K/O mice infected with M. avium 2-151 SmT showed early enhanced bacterial growth within the lung compared to the wild-type mice, although granuloma formation was similar in both strains. γδ-K/O mice infected with M. avium 724 showed identical bacterial growth within the lung compared to the wild-type mice, but they developed more-compact lymphocytic granulomas and did not show the extensive neutrophil influx and widespread tissue necrosis seen in wild-type mice. These data support the hypothesis that isolates of M. avium that induce protective T-cell-specific immunity are largely unaffected by the absence of γδ T cells. Whereas with bacterial strains that induce poor protective immunity, the absence of γδ T cells led to significant reductions in both the influx of neutrophils and tissue damage within the lungs of infected mice.

Saura, A, Johansson, B, Lokki, J & Kohonen-corish, M 1998, 'Genetic Load in Marginal Populations of Drosophila Subobscura*', Hereditas, vol. 129, no. 3, pp. 283-286.
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Schnitzler, M, Koorey, D, Dwight, T, Tomaras, C, Macrae, F, Marsh, D & Robinson, B 1998, 'Frequency of codon 1061 and codon 1309 APC mutations in Australian familial adenomatous polyposis patients', Human Mutation, vol. 11, no. S1, pp. S56-S57.
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Seligman, LD & Ollendick, TH 1998, 'Comorbidity of anxiety and depression in children and adolescents: An integrative review', Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 125-144.
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Much evidence exists documenting the comorbidity of anxiety and affective disorders in youth. Furthermore, comorbidity appears to have serious implications both in terms of severity of impairment and course of disorder. Despite this, little is known about the meaning behind the high rate of co-occurrence of anxiety and depression in children and adolescents. Several conditions exist that may give rise to comorbidity. Specifically, two disorders may be comorbid when there is a high rate of symptom overlap between the disorders, when one underlying construct is split into two separate disorders, when the disorders share common risk or etiological factors, or because one disorder causes or increases the risk of developing the second disorder. The present paper examines each of these explanations as they relate to the comorbidity of anxiety and depression in youth. © 1998 Plenum Publishing Corporation.

Shine, R, Branch, WR, Harlow, PS & Webb, JK 1998, 'Reproductive biology and food habits of horned adders, Bitis caudalis (Viperidae), from southern Africa', COPEIA, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 391-401.
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Kerned adders (Bitis caudalis) are small heavy-bodied viperid snakes widely dis tributed across a range of habitat types in southern Africa. Measurement and dissection of 580 preserved specimens in museum collections provided information on morpholopy, f

Shine, R, Webb, JK, Fitzgerald, M & Sumner, J 1998, 'The impact of bush-rock removal on an endangered snake species, Hoplocephalus bungaroides (Serpentes : Elapidae)', WILDLIFE RESEARCH, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 285-295.
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We examined the impact of habitat degradation (removal of surface rocks) on an endangered snake species (Hoplocephalus bungaroides, Elapidae) at 23 sites in south-eastern Australia, by quantifying the impact of rock removal on (i) the availability of sui

Smith, GB, Dligatch, S & Jahan, F 1998, 'Angular selective thin film glazing', RENEWABLE ENERGY, vol. 15, no. 1-4, pp. 183-188.
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Angular selective control of daylight, solar heat gain and visual performance is the aim of a variety of emerging technologies for windows, roof and wall glazing. Certain oblique thin metal and metalperinsulator films on glass have transmittance as a uni

Smith, GB, Dligatch, S, Sullivan, R & Hutchins, MG 1998, 'Thin film angular selective glazing', SOLAR ENERGY, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 229-244.
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Angular selective glazing based on special obliquely deposited thin films, has considerable potential for optimizing the overall performance of a window in temperate to hot climates. In contrast to most currently used glazings for these environments it h

Smith, GB, Radchik, AV, Reuben, AJ, Moses, P, Skryabin, I & Dligatch, S 1998, 'Columnar cermet structures in solar energy materials: Can one model spectral response with simple effective medium theories', SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS, vol. 54, no. 1-4, pp. 387-396.
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Selective absorbers and angular selective windows use cermets and many of these surfaces have columnar features, for example, Ni pigmented aluminium oxide, many types of black chrome and silverperaluminium oxide angular selective films. There are numerou

Smith, GB, Yan, W, Hossain, M & McCredie, G 1998, 'Science of daylighting in buildings', RENEWABLE ENERGY, vol. 15, no. 1-4, pp. 325-330.
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The materials characterisation requirements for accurate yet practical simulation of daylighting in buildings is examined for a range of emerging and existing technologies which seek to raise the contribution of daylighting to overall lighting requiremen

Smith, TJ, Ryan, LM, Douglass, HO, Haller, DG, Dayal, Y, Kirkwood, J, Tormey, DC, Schutt, AJ, Hinson, J & Sischy, B 1998, 'Combined chemoradiotherapy vs. radiotherapy alone for early stage squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: a study of the eastern cooperative oncology group', International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 269-276.
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Squamous carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus has an extremely poor prognosis. This study, EST-1282, was undertaken by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) to determine whether the combined use of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), mitomycin C, and radiation

Southerton, SG, Strauss, SH, Olive, MR, Harcourt, RL, Decroocq, V, Zhu, XM, Llewellyn, DJ, Peacock, WJ & Dennis, ES 1998, 'Eucalyptus has a functional equivalent of the Arabidopsis floral meristem identity gene LEAFY', PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 897-910.
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Speer, MS & Leslie, LM 1998, 'Numerical simulation of two heavy rainfall events over coastal southeastern Australia', Meteorological Applications, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 239-252.
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Predicting rainfall along the New South Wales (NSW) coast is a major forecasting problem because of sharp gradients in rainfall amounts with the heaviest falls on the coastal fringe decreasing rapidly inland. On some occasions the rainfall pattern is less spatially coherent and consists of isolated maxima. Both rainfall patterns are associated with mesoscale coastal ridging. The first rainfall pattern arises from coastal ridging occurring in combination with an offshore trough. In the first case study presented here, a typical ridge-trough system was aligned parallel to the coast, and located just offshore, with the observed rainfall heaviest at the coast, decreasing rapidly from over 60 mm to near zero 30 km inland. The model captured well the southward temporal evolution of the maximum relative humidity values and rainfall. The second rainfall pattern occurs when shallow coastal ridging interacts with downdrafts from thunderstorm activity over the ranges to the west. The second case study was one in which convergence and condensation generated a quasi-stationary line of thunderstorms, resulting in flash flooding. The model precipitation rates and accumulations matched very closely those of the squall line, as revealed by radar precipitation intensities and the observed rainfall.

Stoler, JM, Huntington, KS, Peterson, CM, Peterson, KP, Daniel, P, Aboagye, KK, Lieberman, E, Ryan, L & Holmes, LB 1998, 'The prenatal detection of significant alcohol exposure with maternal blood markers', The Journal of Pediatrics, vol. 133, no. 3, pp. 346-352.
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Objective: To examine the efficacy of a combination of 4 blood markers of alcohol use in detecting alcohol-abusing pregnant women. Study design: Two new markers of alcohol use, whole blood-associated acetaldehyde and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, and 2 traditional markers of alcohol use, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and mean red blood cell volume, were measured in the blood of pregnant women. Each woman was interviewed about alcohol and drug use, medical and obstetric histories, and nutrition. Each infant was examined by a clinician who was blinded to exposure status. Results: All of the women who reported drinking an average of 1 or more ounces of absolute alcohol per day had at least, 1 positive blood marker. The infants of mothers with 2 or more positive markers had significantly smaller birth weights, lengths, and head circumferences than the infants with negative maternal screens. The presence of 2 or more positive markers was more predictive of infant outcome than any self-reporting measure. Conclusions: These markers, which detect more at-risk pregnant women than self-reporting methods, could lead to better efforts at detection and prevention of alcohol-induced fetal damage.

Stuart, BH 1998, 'The application of Raman spectroscopy to the tribology of polymers', TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, vol. 31, no. 11, pp. 687-693.
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This paper reviews the use of Raman spectroscopy for investigations in polymer tribology, In particular, a number of studies dealing with the problem of surface plasticisation in engineering polymers have been reported and are reviewed in this paper, Sol

Stuart, BH 1998, 'Tribological studies of poly(ether ether ketone) blends', TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, vol. 31, no. 11, pp. 647-651.
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A review of friction and wear studies of poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) blended with other polymers is presented. PEEK is a high performance thermoplastic now commonly employed in many engineering applications, but its tribological properties deteriorat

Szczerbakow, A, Godlewski, M, Dynowska, E, Ivanov, VY, Swiatek, K, Goldys, EM & Phillips, MR 1998, 'Structure, surface morphology and optical properties of thin films of ZnS and CdS grown by atomic layer epitaxy', ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA A, vol. 94, no. 3, pp. 579-582.
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In this communication we report successful growth of monocrystalline cubic ZnS and monocrystalline and polycrystalline cubic and wurtzite films of CdS by atomic layer epitaxy. Structural and optical properties of these films are analysed. ZnS (and CdSZnS

Tangye, SG, Weston, KM & Raison, RL 1998, 'Interleukin-10 inhibits the in vitro proliferation of human activated leukemic CD5(+) B-cells', LEUKEMIA & LYMPHOMA, vol. 31, no. 1-2, pp. 121-130.
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B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is characterised by the proliferation and accumulation of sIgM(+)/CD5(+) B-cells that fail to progress to the final stages of B-cell development. Despite their developmental arrest, leukemic CD5(+) B-cells can

TASEVSKI, V, BENN, D, PETERS, G, LUTTRELL, B & SIMPSON, ANN 1998, 'The Fischer Rat Thyroid Cell Line FRTL-5 Exhibits a Nondiploid Karyotype', Thyroid, vol. 8, no. 7, pp. 623-626.
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The FRTL-5 cell line is a stable thyroid cell line derived from the thyroid gland of the Fischer rat under defined culture conditions, which has been widely adopted as a model system for the study of thyroid cell function and for bioassay. While characte

Taylor, PE, Glover, JA, Lavithis, M, Craig, S, Singh, MB, Knox, RB, Dennis, ES & Chaudhury, AM 1998, 'Genetic control of male fertility in Arabidopsis thaliana: structural analyses of postmeiotic developmental mutants', PLANTA, vol. 205, no. 4, pp. 492-505.
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Toth, M & Phillips, MR 1998, 'Monte Carlo modeling of cathodoluminescence generation using electron energy loss curves', SCANNING, vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 425-432.
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This work demonstrates the validity of approximating cathodoluminescence generation throughout the electron interaction volume by the total electron energy loss profile. The energy loss profiles in multilayer specimens were accurately calculated using th

Tuch, BE, Tabiin, MT, Casamento, FM, Simpson, AM & Marshall, GM 1998, 'Transplantation of Genetically Engineered Insulin-Producing Hepatocytes Into Immunoincompetent Mice', Transplantation Proceedings, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 473-473.
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NA

Ung, AT & Pyne, SG 1998, 'Diastereoselective synthesis of (1S,2S,3R)- and (1R,2R,3R)-2-acetyl-5-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl)thiazole', Synlett, vol. 9, pp. 1395-1407.

van Heerden, FR, Huyser, JJ, Bradley, D, Williams, G & Holzapfel, CW 1998, 'Palladium-catalysed substitution reactions of geminal allylic diacetates', Tetrahedron Letters, vol. 39, no. 29, pp. 5281-5284.
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Wand, MP 1998, 'Finite sample performance of deconvolving density estimators', Statistics & Probability Letters, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 131-139.
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Wang, GX, Zhong, S, Bradhurst, DH, Dou, SX & Liu, HK 1998, 'Secondary aqueous lithium-ion batteries with spinel anodes and cathodes', Journal of Power Sources, vol. 74, no. 2, pp. 198-201.
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Wang, N, Lin, X, Gutierrez, RG & Carroll, RJ 1998, 'Bias Analysis and SIMEX Approach in Generalized Linear Mixed Measurement Error Models', Journal of the American Statistical Association, vol. 93, no. 441, pp. 249-261.
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We consider generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) for clustered data when one of the predictors is measured with error. When the measurement error is additive and normally distributed and the error-prone predictor is itself normally distributed, we show that the observed data also follow a GLMM but with a different fixed effects structure from the original model, a different and more complex random effects structure, and restrictions on the parameters. This characterization enables us to compute the biases that result in common GLMMs when one ignores measurement error. For instance, in one common situation the biases in parameter estimates become larger as the number of observations within a cluster increases, both for regression coefficients and for variance components. Parameter estimation is described using the SIMEX method, a relatively new functional method that makes no assumptions about the structure of the unobservable predictors. Simulations and an example illustrate the results. © 1998 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Webb, JK & Shine, R 1998, 'Ecological characteristics of a threatened snake species, Hoplocephalus bungaroides (Serpentes, Elapidae)', ANIMAL CONSERVATION, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 185-193.
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Species with ecological (habitat, dietary) specialization and low reproductive output may be at particular risk from anthropogenic habitat disturbance. We studied growth, reproduction and diet of the threatened broad-headed snake (Hoplocephalus bungaroid

Webb, JK & Shine, R 1998, 'Thermoregulation by a nocturnal elapid snake (Hoplocephalus bungaroides) in Southeastern Australia', PHYSIOLOGICAL ZOOLOGY, vol. 71, no. 6, pp. 680-692.
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Studies of reptilian thermoregulation have tended to focus on diurnal heliothermic taxa that display overt thermoregulatory behavior, with nocturnal reptiles attracting less attention. We studied thermoregulation by the broad-headed snake (Hoplocephalus bungaroides), a small (mean snout-vent length = 57 cm) nocturnal elapid that spends long periods sequestered in diurnal retreat sites. The snakes selected body temperatures of 28.1 degrees-31.1 degrees C in laboratory thermal gradients. Prey-capture ability (strike speed and accuracy) increased at higher body temperatures over the range 20 degrees-30 degrees C. Using temperature-sensitive radio transmitters, we obtained 7,801 body-temperature measurements of 19 free-ranging snakes. Information on operative environmental temperatures was obtained at the same time. From these data, we quantified the degree to which the snakes exploit the environmental thermal heterogeneity available to them (i.e., the time they spent within their setpoint range, relative to the total time that these body temperatures were available to them). Mean body temperatures (both diurnally and nocturnally) differed among seasons but not among different types of retreat sites. Inclement weather prevented snakes from attaining "preferred" body temperatures on 30% of days. However, even when preferred temperatures were available, the snakes exploited this opportunity for only 26% of the time: they remained within retreat sites and rarely emerged to bask. Nonetheless, judicious retreat-site selection resulted in snakes being within their set-point range for 60% of the time at the most crucial time of day (i.e., the 2-h period around dusk, when the opportunity to capture prey is highest).

Webb, JK & Shine, R 1998, 'Using thermal ecology to predict retreat-site selection by an endangered snake species', BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION, vol. 86, no. 2, pp. 233-242.
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Many ectotherms spend long periods in retreat-sites, where thermal conditions may strongly influence key physiological or behavioural processes (e.g. locomotion, digestion, growth rates etc). Species that rely upon specific thermal regimes may be restric

Weller, EA & Ryan, LM 1998, 'Testing for trend with count data', BIOMETRICS, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 762-773.
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Among the tests that can be used to detect dose-related trends in count data from toxicological studies are nonparametric tests such as the Jonckheere-Terpstra and likelihood-based tests, for example, based on a Poisson model. This paper was motivated by a data set of tumor counts in which conflicting conclusions were obtained using these two tests. To define situations where one test may be preferable, we compared the small and large sample performance of these two tests as well as a robust and conditional version of the likelihood-based test in the absence and presence of a dose-related trend for both Poisson and overdispersed Poisson data. Based on our results, we suggest using the Poisson test when little overdispersion is present in the data. For more overdispersed data, we recommend using the robust Poisson test for highly discrete data (response rate lower than 2-3) and the robust Poisson test or the Jonckheere-Terpstra test for moderately discrete or continuous data (average responses larger than 2 or 3). We also studied the effects of dose metameter misspecification. A clear effect on efficiency was seen when the 'wrong' dose metameter was used to compute the test statistic. In general, unless there is strong reason to do otherwise, we recommend the use of equally spaced dose levels when applying the Poisson or robust Poisson test for trend.

Weston, KM & Raison, RL 1998, 'Interaction of melittin with a human lymphoblastoid cell line, HMy2', JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY, vol. 68, no. 2, pp. 164-173.
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We have examined the cytolytic effects of the membrane-active peptide, melittin, on a human lymphoblastoid cell line (HMy2) in the context of the use of melittin as the toxic component of an immunotoxin. The toxicity of melittin for HMy2 cells was linear

Weston, KM, Mulligan, SP & Raison, RL 1998, 'In vivo binding of mouse IgG via polyreactive surface IgM abrogates progressive lymphocytosis in prolymphocytic leukemia', LEUKEMIA & LYMPHOMA, vol. 29, no. 3-4, pp. 361-373.
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Surface IgM expressed by malignant CD5(+) B-cells from patients with B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) has previously been shown to bind mouse Ig in what appears to be an example of polyreactive antigen-binding activity. This report demonstrates the

Whittall, IR, McDonagh, AM, Humphrey, MG & Samoc, M 1998, 'Organometallic Complexes in Nonlinear Optics I: Second-Order Nonlinearities', Advances In Organometallic Chemistry, Vol 42, vol. 42, pp. 291-362.
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NA

Williams, CR, Wallman, JF & Tyler, MJ 1998, 'Toxicity of green tree frog (Litoria caerulea) skin secretion to the blowfliesCalliphora stygia(Fabricius) andLucilia cuprina(Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae)', Australian Journal of Entomology, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 85-89.
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Wilton, JL, Scarman, AL, Walker, MJ & Djordjevic, SP 1998, 'Reiterated repeat region variability in the ciliary adhesin gene of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae', Microbiology, vol. 144, no. 7, pp. 1931-1943.
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Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is a highly prevalent pathogen which colonizes the ciliated epithelial lining of the porcine respiratory tract. Expression libraries constructed from genomic DNA of the non-pathogenic strain M. hyopneumoniae J were screened with porcine hyperimmune antiserum against M. hyopneumoniae. One clone expressed a 28 kDa protein which was also reactive with monospecific antiserum raised against a putative M. hyopneumoniae-specific 94 kDa antigen derived from strain J. Trypsin digestion of whole M. hyopneumoniae cells showed the 94 kDa antigen to be surface-accessible. DNA sequence analysis of the gene encoding the 94 kDa antigen revealed greater than 90% homology to two adhesin genes, encoding P97 and Mhp1, cloned from pathogenic strain 232 and strain P5722 of M. hyopneumoniae, respectively. Two regions of repetitive DNA sequence were identified in the gene encoding the 94 kDa antigen. The first encoded the deduced amino acid sequence A(T)-K-P-E(V)-A(T) arranged as nine tandem repeats (RR1). The second region of repetitive DNA sequence encoded the deduced amino acid sequence G-A(E,S)-P-N(S)-Q-G-K-K-A-E arranged as five tandem repeats (RR2). Comparison of the three M. hyopneumoniae adhesin genes revealed that the genes encoding P97 and Mhp1, and the strain J gene encoding the 94 kDa antigen contained 15, 12 and 9 tandem repeats, respectively, in RR1, and 4, 5 and 5 tandem repeats, respectively, in RR2. Southern hybridization analysis of EcoRI-digested genomic DNA probed with an 820 bp fragment spanning RR1 and RR2 identified a strongly hybridizing fragment ranging in size from 2.15 to 2.30 kb among seven geographically diverse strains of M. hyopneumoniae but failed to hybridize with DNA from four strains of Mycoplasma hyorhinis or Mycoplasma flocculare strain Ms42. PCR primers flanking the DNA sequence encoding RR1 and RR2 were used to amplify DNA from the seven strains of M. hyopneumoniae and DNA sequence analysis of the amplification prod...

Witte, RS, Ryan, LM, Schutt, AJ, Carbone, PP & Engstrom, PF 1998, 'PALA versus streptozotocin, doxorubicin, and MeCCNU in the treatment of patients with advanced pancreatic carcinoma', Investigational New Drugs, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 315-318.
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Seventy-three eligible, chemotherapy-naive, ambulatory patients with advanced pancreatic carcinoma were allocated to one of two treatment regimens: 35 received PALA (1250 mg/m2 daily × 5 every 4 weeks) and 38 were given SAM (streptozotocin 400 mg/m2 IV daily × 5, doxorubicin 45 mg/m2 IV on day 1 and 22, and methyl CCNU 60 mg/m2 orally on days 1 and 22 every 6 weeks). Doses were modified for myelo-, gi-, or cardiotoxicity. Adequate organ, bone marrow and cardiac function; a measurable lesion; adequate caloric intake; and a life expectancy of 2 months were required for treatment on this trial. One patient on each regimen had a partial response for response rates of 3% (95% confidence intervals, 0.08 to 17%). Median survival on the PALA arm was 5 months and median time to treatment failure was 2.6 months. SAM patients experienced median overall and progression free survivals of 3.4 and 1.9 months, respectively. The severe toxicity observed was almost exclusively myelosuppression on both regimens. One patient receiving SAM had lethal leukopenic sepsis during the first cycle as the only treatment-related death. Neither PALA nor SAM offer any therapeutic utility to patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.

Xi, Y & Gu, H 1998, 'Feasibility analysis and soft constraints adjustment of CMMO', Zidonghua Xuebao/Acta Automatica Sinica, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 727-732.
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CMMO (constrained multi-objective multi-degree of freedom optimization) is developed from the application background of optimization control for complex industrial processes. The feasibility analysis and soft constraints adjustment of CMMO are discussed and transformed into a linear programming problem. An effective interactive method is presented to solve this LP problem.

Xi, YG & Gu, HY 1998, 'Sensitivity analysis based objective coordination of constrained multi-objective multi-degree-of-freedom optimization', SCIENCE IN CHINA SERIES E-TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 592-599.
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Xu, XP, Cho, SI, Sammel, M, You, LY, Cui, SC, Huang, YM, Ma, GH, Padungtod, C, Pothier, L, Niu, TH, Christiani, D, Smith, T, Ryan, L & Wang, LH 1998, 'Association of petrochemical exposure with spontaneous abortion', OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 31-36.
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Xue, YL, Smith, GB & Baker, AT 1998, 'Large refractive index and interparticle-interaction-induced nonlinear modulation in densely doped composite materials', IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS, vol. 34, no. 8, pp. 1380-1389.
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We have performed a study of the population dynamics in a composite, in which the active medium is densely doped, by considering the interparticle interaction between the nearest neighboring active particles. A model is presented to describe the nonlinea

Zinder, Y & Roper, D 1998, 'An iterative algorithm for scheduling unit-time tasks with precedence constraints to minimise the maximum lateness', ANNALS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH, vol. 81, pp. 321-340.
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Alexander, D, Sheridan, P, Bourke, PD, Konstandatos, O & Wright, JJ 1970, 'Global and local symmetry of the primary visual cortex: Derivation of orientation preference', Proceedings of the Ninth Australian Conference on Neural Networks, ?, Sydney, Australia.

Caetano, MR, Huete, AR, Pereira, JMC & Ni, WG 1970, 'Forest understory characterization at regional levels with satellite data: a conceptual approach', REMOTE SENSING FOR AGRICULTURE, ECOSYSTEMS, AND HYDROLOGY, Conference on Remote Sensing for Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Hydrology, SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, BARCELONA, SPAIN, pp. 245-256.
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Caetano, MR, Ni, WG, Pereira, JC & Huete, AR 1970, 'Evaluation of the importance of non-linear spectral mixing in coniferous forests', REMOTE SENSING FOR AGRICULTURE, ECOSYSTEMS, AND HYDROLOGY, Conference on Remote Sensing for Agriculture, Ecosystems, and Hydrology, SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, BARCELONA, SPAIN, pp. 257-269.
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Carroll, RJ & Galindo, CD 1970, 'Measurement error, biases, and the validation of complex models for blood lead levels in children.', Environmental Health Perspectives, Conference on Current Issues of Chemical Mixtures, Environmental Health Perspectives, FT COLLINS, COLORADO, pp. 1535-1539.
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Carroll, RJ, Freedman, LS & Kipnis, V 1970, 'Measurement Error and Dietary Intake', MATHEMATICAL MODELLING IN EXPERIMENTAL NUTRITION, Conference on Mathematical Modeling in Experimental Nutrition, Springer US, DAVIS, CALIFORNIA, pp. 139-145.
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Egan, KM, Ryan, LM & Gragoudas, ES 1970, 'Survival implications of enucleation after definitive radiotherapy for choroidal melanoma - An example of regression on time-dependent covariates', ARCHIVES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY, 67th Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology, Amer Medical Assoc, FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA, pp. 366-370.
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Objective: To evaluate whether the removal of the eye after radiotherapy alters the rates of metastatic death in patients with melanoma of the choroid. Patients and Methods: Using an extension of the Cox model, we based our analysis on a cohort of 1541 c

Gu Hanyu & Chen Chen 1970, 'Improving refactored bi-iteration method for small signal stability analysis of large power systems', POWERCON '98. 1998 International Conference on Power System Technology. Proceedings (Cat. No.98EX151), Powercon '98, IEEE, IEEE, pp. 1417-1420.
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Huete, AR, Kerola, D, Didan, K, van Leeuwen, WJD & Ferreira, L 1970, 'Terrestrial biosphere analysis of SeaWiFS data over the Amazon region with MODIS and GLI prototype vegetation indices', IGARSS '98 - 1998 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS 1-5, 1998 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 98) on Sensing and Managing the Environment, IEEE, SEATTLE, WA, pp. 785-787.
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Kalceff, MAS, Phillips, MR, Moon, AR & Remond, G 1970, 'Cathodoluminescence microanalysis of hydrated and anhydrous silicon dioxide polymorphs', ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 1998, VOL 1, 14th International Congress on Electron Microscopy, IOP PUBLISHING LTD, CANCUN, MEXICO, pp. 489-490.

Lee, RS, Holden, C, Ajani, P, Pritchard, T & Andrew, D 1970, 'A temporal and spatial comparison of measurements from the CSIRO long term coastal stations off Sydney, Australia (Oral Presentation). New Zealand Marine Sciences Society Conference 1998, Dunedin, New Zealand.'.
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Oral Presentation

Meier, PC, Rogers, C & Cobbin, DM 1970, 'Critical Analysis of Treatment Protocols and Outcomes at the UTS Acupuncture Clinic', AUstralasian Acupuncture and Chinese Herbal Medicine Conference.

Meier, PC, Rogers, C & Cobbin, DM 1970, 'The Why, Where and HOw of an Acupuncture Clinic - a study in progress'.

Menoud, P, Wong, CH, McNevin, D, Barford, JP & Barton, GW 1970, 'Sensitivity Analysis of FIoc-Based Nutrient Removal', IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 7th IFAC International Conference on Computer Applications in Biotechnology (CAB7), Elsevier BV, OSAKA, JAPAN, pp. 29-36.
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Opsomer, JD, Ruppert, D, Wand, MP, Holst, U & Hoessjer, O 1970, 'Kriging with nonparametric variance function estimation', DIMENSION REDUCTION, COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY AND INFORMATION, 30th Symposium on Interface Between Computing Science and Statistics, INTERFACE FOUNDATION NORTH AMERICA, MINNEAPOLIS, MN, pp. 111-111.

Pritchard, T, Ajani, PA, Andrew, D, Calfas, M, Holden, C, Lee, R, Linforth, S & Rendell, P 1970, 'Relative significance of slope water, estuarine discharges and sewage outfalls for nutrients in offshore coastal waters', Coastal Nutrients Conference Proceedings, Coastal Nutrients Workshop Research Aiding Nutrient Management in Coastal Rivers and Estuaries, AWWA.

Speer, MS & Leslie, LM 1970, 'Quantitative precipitation forecasting for an extreme mesoscale flash flood event', 16TH CONFERENCE ON WEATHER ANALYSIS AND FORECASTING / SYMPOSIUM ON THE RESEARCH FOCI OF THE U.S. WEATHER RESEARCH PROGRAM, 16th Conference on Weather Analysis and Forecasting / Symposium on the Research Foci of the US Weather Research Program, AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY, PHOENIX, AZ, pp. 144-144.

Toth, M, Fleischer, K & Phillips, MR 1970, 'Electron Beam Induced Impurity Electro-Migration in Unintentionally Doped GaN', MRS Proceedings, Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
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AbstractElectron beam induced electromigration of ON+ and H+ impurities in unintentionally n-doped GaN was investigated using cathodoluminescence (CL) kinetics profiling, CL imaging of regions pre-irradiated with a stationary electron beam, and wavelength dispersive x-ray spectrometry (WDS). The presented results (i) illustrate induced impurity diffusion in wide bandgap semiconductors, (ii) provide experimental evidence for the (VGa-ON)2- model of yellow luminescence in GaN with low Si content (ii) confirm the roles of 0 in frequently reported bound exciton and donor-acceptor pair emissions and (iv) suggest the involvement of ON+ and hydrogenated gallium vacancies in a blue emission in autodoped GaN.

van Leeuwen, WJD, Huete, AR & Laing, TW 1970, 'Evaluation of the MODIS vegetation index compositing algorithm using SeaWiFS data', IGARSS '98 - 1998 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS 1-5, 1998 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 98) on Sensing and Managing the Environment, IEEE, SEATTLE, WA, pp. 1445-1447.
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Alexander, D, Sheridan, P, Bourke, PD, Konstandatos, O & Wright, JJ Mental Health Research Institute 1998, Emergence under Hebbian learning of local maps in the primary visual cortex: Orientation preference in the tree shrew, Melbourne, Australia.

Bourgues, S, Ajani, PA, Carpenter, M, Coade, G, Scanes, P & Koop, K 1998, Nutrients and phytoplankton status in Tuggerah Lake after a flood event.

Lee, R & Ajani, PA 1998, Ocean Nutrient and Phytoplankton Project. Progress and Data Report. Second Season 1996-1997, EPA Technical Report.

Heath, D, Platen, E & Schweizer, M 1998, 'Comparison of Some Key Approaches to Hedging in Incomplete Markets'.
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The paper provides a numerical comparison of local risk minimisation and mean-variance hedging for some key variations of stochastic volatility models. A hedging and pricing framework is established for both approaches. Important quantitative differences become apparent that have implications for the implementation of hedging strategies under stochastic volatility.

Hyde, G, Davies, D, Perasso, L, Cole, L & Ashford, A 1998, 'The motile vacuole system of fungal hyphae: responses to cytoskeletal inhibitors, brefeldin A and GTP/GDP analogues.'.