Publications

Kloeden, P, Platen, E & Schurz, H 2003, Numerical Solution of SDE Through Computer Experiments, 3rd, Springer, Germany.

Alvarez, HK & Ollendick, TH 2003, 'Individual and psychosocial risk factors' in Conduct and Oppositional Defiant Disorders: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Treatment, pp. 97-116.
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Botten, LC, McPhedran, RC, Nicorovici, NA, Asatryan, AA, de Sterke, CM, Robinson, PA, Busch, K, Smith, G & Langtry, T 2003, 'Rayleigh multipole methods for photonic crystal calculations' in Priou, A & Itoh, T (eds), Electromagnetic applications of photonic band gap materials and structures, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA, pp. 21-60.

Coupland, MP & Crawford, K 2003, 'Activity theory used in an educational investigation' in Hasan, H, Gould, E & Verenikina, I (eds), Information Systems and Activity Theory, Volume 3, Expanding the Horizon, University of Wollongong Press, Wollongong NSW Australia, pp. 195-217.

Douglas, SE, Raven, JA & Larkum, AWD 2003, 'The Algae and their General Characteristics' in Photosynthesis in Algae, Springer Netherlands, pp. 1-10.
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Franklin, LA, Osmond, CB & Larkum, AWD 2003, 'Photoinhibition, UV-B and Algal Photosynthesis' in Photosynthesis in Algae, Springer Netherlands, pp. 351-384.
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Larkum, AWD 2003, 'Light-Harvesting Systems in Algae' in Photosynthesis in Algae, Springer Netherlands, pp. 277-304.
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Larkum, AWD & Vesk, M 2003, 'Algal Plastids: Their Fine Structure and Properties' in Photosynthesis in Algae, Springer Netherlands, pp. 11-28.
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Poulton, CG, McPhedran, RC, Nicorovici, NA & Botten, LC 2003, 'Localized Green's functions for a two-dimentional periodic material' in Gladwell, GML (ed), Solid Mechanics and its Applications vol 113: IUTAM Symposium on Asymptotics, Singularities and Homogenisation in Problems of Mechanics, Kluwer, Netherlands, pp. 181-190.
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We describe a method for the calculation of Green's functions for an array of dielectric cylinders. The method is to first construct quasi-periodic Greens functions, with Bloch vector kB. This function also obeys the appropriate electromagnetic boundary conditions on the surface of each cylinder. The Greens function for a single source in the array can then be calculated by averaging the quasi-periodic result over the Brillouin zone.

Smith, G 2003, 'Nanostructured Thin Films' in Wieglhofer, WS & Lakhtakia, A (eds), Introduction to Complex Mediums for Optics and Electromagnetics, International Society for Optical Engineering, Washington, USA, pp. 421-446.

Ahn, J, Wang, G, Liu, HK & Dou, SX 2003, 'Nanoparticle-dispersed PEO polymer electrolytes for Li batteries', Journal of Power Sources, vol. 119-121, pp. 422-426.
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Ahn, J, Wang, G, Yao, J, Liu, HK & Dou, SX 2003, 'Tin-based composite materials as anode materials for Li-ion batteries', Journal of Power Sources, vol. 119-121, pp. 45-49.
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Aktan, F, Henness, S, Roufogalis, BD & Ammit, AJ 2003, 'Gypenosides derived from Gynostemma pentaphyllum suppress NO synthesis in murine macrophages by inhibiting iNOS enzymatic activity and attenuating NF-kappa B-mediated iNOS protein expression', NITRIC OXIDE-BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 235-242.
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Alewood, D, Birinyi-Strachan, LC, Pallaghy, PK, Norton, RS, Nicholson, GM & Alewood, PF 2003, 'Synthesis and characterization of delta-atracotoxin-ar1a, the lethal neurotoxin from venom of the Sydney funnel-web spider (Atrax robustus)', Biochemistry, vol. 42, no. 44, pp. 12933-12940.
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Ammit, AJ & Panettieri, RA 2003, 'Airway smooth muscle cell hyperplasia: a therapeutic target in airway remodeling in asthma?', Progress in cell cycle research, vol. 5, pp. 49-57.
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Severe asthma is characterized by airway remodeling due, in part, to increases in airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass. Regulation of ASM hyperplasia is considered an attractive therapeutic target for the potential treatment of airway remodeling in asthma. In order to develop anti-remodeling drugs, researchers have utilized cell culture techniques to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying ASM cell proliferation and to identify the critical cell cycle events that regulate ASM cell growth. Attractive lead compounds that have emerged from in vitro studies can now be examined in new animal models of airway remodeling, thus providing tools to design novel therapies to prevent or abrogate airway remodeling.

Apanasovich, TV, Sheather, S, Lupton, JR, Popovic, N, Turner, ND, Chapkin, RS, Braby, LA & Carroll, RJ 2003, 'Testing for spatial correlation in nonstationary binary data, with application to aberrant crypt foci in colon carcinogenesis', BIOMETRICS, vol. 59, no. 4, pp. 752-761.
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Arntzen, CJ, Coghlan, A, Johnson, B, Peacock, J & Rodemeyer, M 2003, 'GM crops: science, politics and communication', NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS, vol. 4, no. 10, pp. 839-843.
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Asatryan, AA, Busch, K, McPhedran, RC, Botten, LC, de Sterke, CM & Nicorovici, NA 2003, 'Two-dimensional Green tensor and local density of states in finite-sized two-dimensional photonic crystals', Waves In Random Media, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 9-25.
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Asatryan, AA, Robinson, PA, McPhedran, RC, Botten, LC, de Sterke, CM, Langtry, T & Nicorovici, NA 2003, 'Diffusion and anomalous diffusion of light in two-dimensional photonic crystals', Physical Review E, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 1-8.

Asatryan, AA, Robinson, PA, McPhedran, RC, Botten, LC, Martijn de Sterke, C, Langtry, TL & Nicorovici, NA 2003, 'Diffusion and anomalous diffusion of light in two-dimensional photonic crystals', Physical Review E - Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics, vol. 67, no. 3 2.
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The transport velocity vE/c introduced by Brillouin was calculated from first principles for a random medium with an intermediate filling fraction f=0.5. It was found that the transport velocity of light vE in ordered finite-size photonic crystals can be substantially lower than the free space value for a gap wavelength. The effects of the disorder on the transport velocity were also considered and it was shown that vE/c can be more than 15 times less than in free space, which was in agreement with the experimental results reported.

Ashmore, J, Bishop, R, Craig, DC & Scudder, ML 2003, 'Comparison of the X-ray structures of concomitant pseudodimorphs formed between a diquinoline host and d-chloroform guest', MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS, no. 3, pp. 144-146.
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Bancroft, LK, Lupton, JR, Davidson, LA, Taddeo, SS, Murphy, ME, Carroll, RJ & Chapkin, RS 2003, 'Dietary fish oil reduces oxidative DNA damage in rat colonocytes', FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 149-159.
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Bartels, SJ, Clark, RE, Peacock, WJ, Dums, AR & Pratt, SI 2003, 'Medicare and Medicaid Costs for Schizophrenia Patients by Age Cohort Compared with Costs for Depression, Dementia, and Medically Ill Patients', American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 648-657.
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Objective: The authors describe per-capita Medicaid and Medicare expenditures across age cohorts for individuals with schizophrenia and compare expenditures for patients with schizophrenia and those with depression, dementia, and non-psychiatric medical disorders. Methods: Medicaid and Medicare claims were identified for dually-eligible beneficiaries ages 19+ in New Hampshire during 1999 (schizophrenia: N = 1,423; depression: N = 2,219; dementia: N = 1,942; medical disorders alone: N = 4,260). Annual per-capita weighted average expenditures were calculated for inpatient, outpatient, home-health, nursing home, pharmacy, physician, and other services. Results: The greatestper-capita expenditures for individuals with schizophrenia were among older beneficiaries ($39,154 for ages 65-74 and $43,461 for ages 75+), versus younger beneficiaries ($25,633 for ages 19-44 and $31,529 for ages 45-64). Outpatient services were the highest expenditure among younger adults (ages 19-64), whereas nursing home services were the highest expenditure for ages 65+. Total expenditures for individuals with schizophrenia exceeded those for individuals with depression, dementia, or medical disorders across all age cohorts except age 45-64, where dementia expenditures were highest. Among individuals age 65-74, per-capita expenditures for schizophrenia were $11,304 higher than for depression and $28,256 higher than for medical disorders. Conclusion: Schizophrenia is one of the most expensive disorders across the adult lifespan, and expenditures increase across age cohorts. Effective interventions are needed that improve independent functioning in older age, in conjunction with innovative models of home- and community-based services that decrease high use of and expenditures for nursing homes.

Belli, S, Wallach, M, Luxford, C, Davies, MJ & Smith, NC 2003, 'Roles of tyrosine-rich precursor glycoproteins and dityrosine-/DOPA-mediated protein crosslinking in oocyst wall assembly in the coccidian parasite, Eimeria maxima', Eukaryotic Cell, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 456-464.
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The oocyst wall of apicomplexan parasites protects them from the harsh external environment, preserving their survival prior to transmission to the next host. If oocyst wall formation could be disrupted, then logically, the cycle of disease transmission could be stopped, and strategies to control infection by several organisms of medical and veterinary importance such as Eimeria, Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, Cyclospora, and Neospora could be developed. Here, we show that two tyrosine-rich precursor glycoproteins, gam56 and gam82, found in specialized organelles (wall-forming bodies) in the sexual stage (macrogamete) of Eimeria maxima are proteolytically processed into smaller glycoproteins, which are then incorporated into the developing oocyst wall. The identification of high concentrations of dityrosine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) in oocyst extracts by high-pressure liquid chromatography, together with the detection of a UV autofluorescence in intact oocysts, implicates dityrosine- and possibly DOPA-protein cross-links in oocyst wall hardening. In addition, the identification of peroxidase activity in the wall-forming bodies of macrogametes supports the hypothesis that dityrosine- and DOPA-mediated cross-linking might be an enzyme-catalyzed event. As such, the mechanism of oocyst wall formation in Eimeria, is analogous to the underlying mechanisms involved in the stabilization of extracellular matrices in a number of organisms, widely distributed in nature, including insect

Belli, SI, Wallach, M & Smith, NC 2003, 'Cloning and characterization of the 82 kDa tyrosine-rich sexual stage glycoprotein, GAM82, and its role in oocyst wall formation in the apicomplexan parasite, Eimeria maxima', Gene, vol. 307, pp. 201-212.
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Belli, SI, Wallach, M, Luxford, C, Davies, MJ & Smith, NC 2003, 'Roles of tyrosine-rich precursor glycoproteins and dityrosine- and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine-mediated protein cross-linking in development of the oocyst wall in the coccidian parasite Eimeria maxima', Eukaryotic Cell, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 456-464.
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Benn, DE, Croxson, MS, Tucker, K, Bambach, CP, Richardson, AL, Delbridge, L, Pullan, PT, Hammond, J, Marsh, DJ & Robinson, BG 2003, 'Novel succinate dehydrogenase subunit B (SDHB) mutations in familial phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas, but an absence of somatic SDHB mutations in sporadic phaeochromocytomas', ONCOGENE, vol. 22, no. 9, pp. 1358-1364.
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Ben-Nissan, B 2003, 'Natural bioceramcs: from coral to bone and beyond', Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science, vol. 7, pp. 283-288.
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Bettelheim, KA, Hornitzky, MA, Djordjevic, SP & Kuzevski, A 2003, 'Antibiotic resistance among verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) and non-VTEC isolated from domestic animals and humans', Journal of Medical Microbiology, vol. 52, no. NA, pp. 155-162.
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Two hundred verocytotoxigenic and 216 non-verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC and non-VTEC), isolated from a variety of sources were tested for their resistances to 11 antimicrobial agents. The strains included isolates from domestic food animals and both symptomatic and asymptomatic infections in man. A much higher level of resistance was found among the non-VTEC than among the VTEC, regardless of source. The resistant VTEC isolated from animals were predominantly from specimens associated with sick animals. Antibiotic resistance was detected in only four of the 59 (6.8 %) VTEC of human origin, whereas more of the human non-VTEC possessed antibiotic resistance determinants. It was particularly noteworthy that 24/87 (28 %) strains isolated from healthy babies, who had neither contact with antibiotics nor had gastrointestinal symptoms for at least 2 weeks prior to the specimen being taken, were resistant to one or more of the antibiotics tested.

Bibby, TS, Nield, J, Chen, M, Larkum, AWD & Barber, J 2003, 'Structure of a photosystem II supercomplex isolated from Prochloron didemni retaining its chlorophyll a/b light-harvesting system', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 100, no. 15, pp. 9050-9054.
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Prochlorophytes are a class of cyanobacteria that do not use phycobiliproteins as light-harvesting systems, but contain chlorophyll (Chl) a/b-binding Pcb proteins. Recently it was shown that Pcb proteins form an 18-subunit light-harvesting antenna ring around the photosystem I (PSI) trimeric reaction center complex of the prochlorophyte Prochlorococcus marinus SS120. Here we have investigated whether the symbiotic prochlorophyte Prochloron didemni also contains the same supermolecular complex. Using cells isolated directly from its ascidian host, we found no evidence for the presence of the Pcb-PSI supercomplex. Instead we have identified and characterized a supercomplex composed of photosystem II (PSII) and Pcb proteins. We show that 10-Pcb subunits associate with the PSII dimeric reaction center core to form a giant complex having an estimated Mr of 1,500 kDa with dimensions of 210 × 290 Å. Five-Pcb subunits flank each long side of the dimer and assuming each binds 13 Chl molecules, increase the antenna size of PSII by ≈200%. Fluorescence emission studies indicate that energy transfer occurs efficiently from the Pcb antenna. Modeling using the x-ray structure of cyanobacterial PSII suggests that energy transfer to the PSII reaction center is via the Chis bound to the CP47 and CP43 proteins.

Biggs, T, Cortie, MB, Witcomb, MJ & Cornish, LA 2003, 'Platinum alloys for shape memory applications', Platinum Metals Review, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 142-156.
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Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are materials that can change their shape at a specific temperature and are used in applications as diverse as sensors, temperature sensitive switches, force actuators, fire-safety valves, orthodontic wires, fasteners, and couplers. The possible advantages offered by platinum-based SMAs involving the metals: iron, aluminium, gallium, titanium, chromium, and vanadium, are considered here and the likely systems upon which such alloys might be based are assessed. It is suggested that the most promising candidate systems are ternary-alloyed variations of the Pt3Al and PtTi phases, although SMAs based on PtFe3 have potential for low temperature applications. It appears possible to engineer a shape memory transition in the (Pt, Ni)Ti system anywhere between room temperature and 1000°C, a versatility which is probably unique among all known SMAs.

Bilic, A, Reimers, JR & Hush, N 2003, 'Modeling The Adsorption Of Norbornadiene On The Si(001) Surface: The Predominance Of Non-[2+2]-Cycloaddition Products', Journal Of Chemical Physics, vol. 119, no. 2, pp. 1115-1126.
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Binstead, R, Reimers, JR & Hush, N 2003, 'Inter-Porphyrin Coupling: Rotation-Modulation Of Inter-Ring Coupling In A Mu-Oxo-Silicon Phthalocyanine Dimer', Chemical Physics Letters, vol. 378, no. 5-Jun, pp. 654-659.
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Blann, K, Williams, DBG, Roodt, A & Muller, A 2003, '(1R*,5R*,6S*,7R*)-6,7-Dihydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-3-one', ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE, vol. 59, pp. O1551-O1553.
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Boggs, PB 2003, 'Bed covers and dust mites.', The New England journal of medicine, vol. 349, no. 17, pp. 1668-1671.
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Botten, LC, Asatryan, AA, Langtry, T, White, TP, de Sterke, CM & McPhedran, RC 2003, 'Semianalytic treatment for propagation in finite photonic crystal waveguides', Optics Letters, vol. 28, no. 10, pp. 854-856.
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e present a semianalytic theory for the properties of two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguides of finite length. For single-mode guides, the transmission spectrum and field intensity can be accurately described by a simple two-parameter model. Analogies are drawn with FabryPerot interferometers, and generalized Fresnel coefficients for the interfaces are calculated.

Bower, K, Djordjevic, SP, Andronicos, NM & Ranson, M 2003, 'Cell surface antigens of Mycoplasma species Bivine group 7 bind to and activate plasminogen', Infection And Immunity, vol. 71, no. 8, pp. 4823-4827.
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Mycoplasma species bovine group 7 bound plasminogen at the cell surface in a lysine-dependent manner. Cell-bound plasminogen was rapidly activated to plasmin by exogenous urokinase, and this activity was associated with plasminogen binding capacity. Binding assays using plasminogen modified with a trifunctional cross-linking agent revealed several binding proteins.

Bretelle, F, Sabatier, F, Desprez, D, Camoin, L, Grunebaum, L, Combes, V, D'Ercole, C & Dignat-George, F 2003, 'Circulating microparticles: a marker of procoagulant state in normal pregnancy and pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia or intrauterine growth restriction', THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS, vol. 89, no. 3, pp. 486-492.

Brett, KN, Hornitzky, MA, Bettelheim, KA, Walker, M & Djordjevic, SP 2003, 'Bovine non-O157 shiga toxin 2-containing Escherichia coli isolates commonly possess stx2-EDL933 and/or stx2vhb subtypes', Journal Of Clinical Microbiology, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 2716-2722.
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stx2 genes from 138 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolates, of which 127 were of bovine origin (58 serotypes) and 11 of human origin (one serotype; O113:H21), were subtyped. The bovine STEC isolates from Australian cattle carried ehxA and/or eaeA and predominantly possessed stx2-EDL933 (103 of 127; 81.1%) either in combination with stx2vhb (32 of 127; 25.2%) or on its own (52 of 127; 40.4%). Of 22 (90.9%) bovine isolates of serotype O113:H21, a serotype increasingly recovered from patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) or hemorrhagic colitis, 20 contained both stx2-EDL933 and stx2vhb; 2 isolates contained stx2vhb only. Although 7 of 11 (63.6%) human O113:H21 isolates associated with diarrhea possessed stx2-EDL933, the remaining 4 isolates possessed a combination of stx2-EDL933 and stx2vhb. Three of the four were from separate sporadic cases of HUS, and one was from an unknown source.

Brett, KN, Ramachandran, V, Hornitzky, MA, Bettelheim, KA, Walker, M & Djordjevic, SP 2003, 'stx1c Is the most common shiga toxin 1 subtype among shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolates from sheep but not among isolates from cattle', Journal Of Clinical Microbiology, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 926-936.
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Unlike Shiga toxin 2 (stx2) genes, most nucleotide sequences of Shiga toxin 1 (stx1) genes from Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), Shigella dysenteriae, and several bacteriophages (H19B, 933J, and H30) are highly conserved. Consequently, there has been little incentive to investigate variants of stx1 among STEC isolates derived from human or animal sources. However stx1OX3, originally identified in an OX3:H8 isolate from a healthy sheep in Germany, differs from other stx1 subtypes by 43 nucleotides, resulting in changes to 12 amino acid residues, and has been renamed stx1c. In this study we describe the development of a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay that distinguishes stx1c from other stx1 subtypes.

Brown, LD, Ray, AS & Thomas, P 2003, '29Si and 27Al NMR study of amorphous and paracrystalline opals from Australia', Journal Of Non-crystalline Solids, vol. 332, no. 1-3, pp. 242-248.
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Four opal-AG (amorphous) and two opal-CT (paracrystalline) samples obtained from various regions in Australia were investigated with 29Si NMR and 27Al NMR. The proton cross-polarization 29Si NMR technique was used and the resulting spectra consisted of two main resonances: -102.0 and -111.2 ppm for opal-AG; and -102.5 and -112.2 ppm for opal-CT. These peaks were assigned to the Q3(1OH) and Q4 resonances, respectively. Using very short contact times, a third, very weak peak at -94 ppm was resolved in an opal-CT specimen, which was assigned to silicon in the Q2(2OH) arrangement (i.e. a silicon with twin hydroxyl groups). It was found that the opal-CT samples contained a higher proportion of both geminal and vicinal silanol groups (Q2 and Q3) than the opal-AG samples. The geminal silanol groups present in opal-AG and opal-CT are not restricted to opal-AN. The full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) values were 9.5 ppm for the opal-AG samples, and 6.5 ppm for both opal-CT samples, a result which confirms that opal-CT has a higher degree of short-range structural order than opal-AG. The 27Al NMR spectra of the opals all showed a single resonance at +52 ppm, indicating that the aluminium exists in a tetrahedral arrangement incorporated within the opal structure.

Brunton, BJ & Booth, DJ 2003, 'Density- and size-dependent mortality of a settling coral-reef damselfish (Pomacentrus moluccensis Bleeker)', Oecologia, vol. 137, no. 3, pp. 377-384.
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Buckley, BW, Leslie, LM & Speer, MS 2003, 'The impact of observational technology on climate database quality: Tropical cyclones in the Tasman Sea', JOURNAL OF CLIMATE, vol. 16, no. 15, pp. 2640-2645.
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Buhlmann, H & Platen, E 2003, 'A discrete time benchmark approach for insurance and finance', Astin Bulletin, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 153-172.
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Burger, FJ, Doble, PA & Roux, CP 2003, 'Forensic Analysis Of Condom And Personal Lubricants Found In Sexual Assault Cases By Capillary Electrophoresis', Forensic Science International, vol. 136, pp. 247-247.
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Butt, AJ, Dickson, KA, McDougall, F & Baxter, RC 2003, 'Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-5 inhibits the growth of human breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo', Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 278, no. 32, pp. 29676-29685.
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The role of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP)-5 in human breast cancer cell growth is unclear. We determined the effects of IGFBP-5 expression on the growth of human breast cancer cell lines in vivo and in vitro. Expression of IGFBP-5, both by stable transfection and adenoviral-mediated infection, was inhibitory to the growth of MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T human breast cancer cells over a 13-day period. IGFBP-5 expression resulted in a G /M cell cycle arrest and the induction of apoptosis in both cell lines, an effect that was abrogated in the presence of the broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk. IGFBP-5-induced apoptosis was associated with a transcriptional increase in expression of the proapoptotic regulator bax and decrease in the anti-apoptotic bcl-2 compared with vector controls. Secreted IGFBP-5 when added exogenously to breast cancer cells was not internalized and had no effect on cell growth or apoptosis, suggesting that IGFBP-5 may elicit its inhibitory effects via a novel, intracrine mechanism. In athymic nude mice, stable expression of IGFBP-5 significantly inhibited both the formation and growth of tumors derived from MDA-MB-231 cells. IGFBP-5-expressing tumors also had a significantly elevated level of bax mRNA and decreased levels of bcl-2 mRNA compared with vector tumors. These data suggest that IGFBP-5 is a potent growth inhibitor and proapoptotic agent in human breast cancer cells via modulation of cell cycle regulation and apoptotic mediators. 2

Caddy, J, Williams, DBG, Roodt, A & Muller, A 2003, '(1R*,5S*,6S*,7R*)-6,7-dihydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-3-one', ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE, vol. 59, pp. O1095-O1097.
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Casamento, SG, Kwok, BK, Roux, CP, Dawson, M & Doble, PA 2003, 'Optimization of the separation of organic explosives by capillary electrophoresis with artificial neural networks', Journal Of Forensic Sciences, vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 1075-1083.

Celedon, JC, Wright, RJ, Litonjua, AA, Sredl, D, Ryan, LM, Weiss, ST & Gold, DR 2003, 'Day care attendance in early life, maternal history of asthma, and asthma at 6 years', American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, vol. 167, pp. 1239-1243.
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Among children not selected on the basis of a parental history of atopy, day care attendance in early life is inversely associated with asthma at school age. We examined the relation between day care in the first year of life and asthma, recurrent wheezing, and eczema at the age of 6 years and wheezing in the first 6 years of life among 453 children with parental history of atopy followed from birth. Among all study participants, day care in the first year of life was inversely associated with eczema (odds ratio [OR] = 0.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.1-0.8). Day care attendance in early life was associated with a decreased risk of asthma (OR = 0.3, 95% CI = 0.1-0.7) and recurrent wheezing (OR = 0.3, 95% CI = 0.1-0.9) at the age of 6 years and with a decreased risk of any wheezing after the age of 4 years only among children without maternal history of asthma. Among children with maternal history of asthma, day care in early life had no protective effect on asthma or recurrent wheezing at the age of 6 years but was instead associated with an increased risk of wheezing in the first 6 years of life. Our findings suggest that maternal history of asthma influences the relation between day care-related exposures and childhood asthma.

Chaumet, PC, Rahmani, A & Bryant, GW 2003, 'Generalization of the coupled dipole method to periodic structures', Physical Review B, vol. 67, no. 16, pp. 1-5.
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We present a generalization of the coupled dipole method to the scattering of light by arbitrary periodic structures. This formulation of the coupled dipole method relies on the same direct-space discretization scheme that is widely used to study the scattering of light by finite objects. Therefore, all the knowledge acquired previously for finite systems can be transposed to the study of periodic structures.

Chaumet, PC, Rahmani, A & Bryant, GW 2003, 'Generalization of the coupled dipole method to periodic structures', Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, vol. 67, no. 16.
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We present a generalization of the coupled dipole method to the scattering of light by arbitrary periodic structures. This formulation of the coupled dipole method relies on the same direct-space discretization scheme that is widely used to study the scattering of light by finite objects. Therefore, all the knowledge acquired previously for finite systems can be transposed to the study of periodic structures. © 2003 The American Physical Society.

Chen, JC, Chang, WR, Shih, TS, Chen, CJ, Chang, WP, Dennerlein, JT, Ryan, LM & Christiani, DC 2003, 'Predictors of whole-body vibration levels among urban taxi drivers', Ergonomics, vol. 46, no. 11, pp. 1075-1090.
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To identify a set of important WBV predictors that could be used to develop a statistical instrument for exposure assessment in a large epidemiologic study, a total of 432 WBV measures were taken from a sample of 247 male drivers in Taipei City, Taiwan.

Chen, Y, Guo, YL, Su, HJ, Hsueh, Y, Smith, TJ, Ryan, LM, Lee, M, Chaor, S, Lee, JY & Christiani, DC 2003, 'Arsenic methylation and skin cancer risk in Southwestern Taiwan', Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 241-248.
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Arsenic is a known carcinogen, but data are especially lacking on the health effects of low-level exposure, and on the health significance of methylation ability. We conducted a case-control study (76 cases and 224 controls from 1996 to 1999) in southwestern Taiwan to explore the association among primary and secondary arsenic methylation index (PMI and SMI, respectively), cumulative arsenic exposure (CAE), and the risk of skin cancer. As compared with the controls, the skin cancer group reported more sun exposure (P = 0.02) and had a lower BMI (P = 0.03), as well as lower education level (P = 0.01). Skin cancer patients and controls were similar with regard to age, gender, smoking and alcohol consumption. Given a low SMI (less than or equal to5), CAE > 15 mg/L-year was associated with an increased. risk of skin cancer (OR, 7.48; 95% CI, 1.65-33.99) compared to a CAE less than or equal to2 mg/L-year. Given the same level of PMI, SMI, and CAE, men had a higher risk of skin cancer (OR, 4.04; 95% CI, 1.46-11.22) when compared to women. Subjects with low SMI and high CAE have a substantially increased risk of skin cancer. Males in all strata of arsenic exposure and methylation ability had a higher risk of skin cancer than women.

Chen, Y, Wang, G, Konstantinov, K, Ahn, J, Liu, HK & Dou, SX 2003, 'Studies of the electrochemical properties of nanosize Co3O4 oxide as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries', Journal of Metastable and Nanocrystalline Materials, vol. 15-16, pp. 625-628.
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Nanosize cobalt oxides (CoJ0 4) were synthesized by chemical decomposition of cobalt octacarbonyl (Co,(CO)g) in toluene at the low temperature of 130·C. The crystallinity and microstructure were characterized using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical properties of electrodes made of nanosized COJ04 particles were tested in Li-ion cells. The nanosized COJ04 electrode material demonstrates a stable reversible lithium storage capacity of about 460 mAhlg over 30 cycles.

Chen, Y, Wang, G, Konstantinov, K, Liu, HK & Dou, SX 2003, 'Synthesis and characterization of LiCoxMnyNi1-x-yO2 as a cathode material for secondary lithium batteries', Journal of Power Sources, vol. 119-121, pp. 184-188.
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Chen, Y, Xu, L, Guo, YL, Su, HJ, Hsueh, Y, Smith, TJ, Ryan, LM, Lee, M, Chaor, S, Lee, JY & Christiani, DC 2003, 'Genetic polymorphism in p53 codon 72 and skin cancer in Southwestern Taiwan', Journal Of Environmental Science And Health Part A-toxic/hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 201-211.
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The Pro/Pro polymorphism of p53 codon 72 has been reported to be related to bladder and lung cancer, but its relationship with skin cancer is unclear. We assessed the hypothesis that there is a relationship between the p53 codon 72, Pro/Pro polymorphism, cumulative arsenic exposure, and the risk of skin cancer in a hospital-based case-control study in southwestern Taiwan. From 1996 to 1999, 93 newly-diagnosed skin cancer patients at the National Cheng-Kung University (NCKU) Hospital and 71 community controls matched on residence were recruited in southwestern Taiwan. The genotype of p53 codon 72 (Arg/Arg, Arg/Pro, or Pro/Pro) was determined for all subjects by polymerase chain reaction-restricted fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). A questionnaire was administered to each subject for collection of demographic information, personal habits, disease history, diet information, and other relevant questions. The Pro/Pro (homozygous) genotype was more frequent in skin cancer patients (cases, 20%; controls, 12%; P = 0.37). Subjects with the susceptible genotype Pro/Pro and heterozygous (intermediate) genotype Pro/Arg had 2.18 and 0.99 times risk of skin cancer than the wild type Arg/Arg (95% confidence interval, 0.74-4.38; 95% confidence interval, 0.44-2.21), respectively. Compared with subjects with 18.5 < BMI < 23, subjects with BMI > 18.5 had 5.78 times risk of skin cancer (95% confidence interval, 1.06 to 31.36) after adjusting for other risk factors. There was no interaction between BMI and genotype, but the sample size was small. The risk of skin cancer did not significantly vary by tumor cell-type. The risk of skin cancer is increased in individuals with the Pro/Pro genotype. Larger, confirmatory studies are needed to clarify the role of constitutional polymorphisms in p53 and skin cancer risk.

Chiarella, C & Platen, E 2003, 'Introduction To Selected Proceedings From Quantitative Methods In Finance 2002', Quantitative Finance, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 0-0.
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NA

Chiarella, C, Craddock, MJ & El-Hassan, N 2003, 'An implementation of Bouchouev's method for a short time calibration of option pricing models', Computational Economics, vol. 22, no. 2-3, pp. 113-138.
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Choinski, JS, Ralph, PJ & Eamus, D 2003, 'Changes in photosynthesis during leaf expansion in Corymbia gummifera', Australian Journal Of Botany, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 111-118.
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Christian, KA, Webb, JK & Schultz, TJ 2003, 'Energetics of bluetongue lizards (Tiliqua scincoides) in a seasonal tropical environment', OECOLOGIA, vol. 136, no. 4, pp. 515-523.
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Clarke, IC, Manaka, M, Williams, PA, Pezzotti, G, Kim, YH, Ries, MD, Sugano, N, Sedel, L, Delauney, C, Ben-Nissan, B, Donaldson, T, Gustafson, GA & Green, DD 2003, 'Current status of zirconia used in total hip implants', The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - American Volume, vol. 85A, no. 4, pp. 73-84.

Colville, AE & Lim, RP 2003, 'Microscopic structure of the mantle and palps in the freshwater mussels Velesunio ambigus and Hyridella depressa (Bivalvia : Hyriidae)', Mulluscan Research, vol. 23, pp. 1-20.
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Contreras, JP, Ly, NR, Gold, DR, He, HZ, Wand, M, Weiss, ST, Perkins, DL, Platts-Mills, TAE & Finn, PW 2003, 'Allergen-induced cytokine production, atopic disease, IgE, and wheeze in children', JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY, vol. 112, no. 6, pp. 1072-1077.
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Cordingley, RL, Kohan, L, Ben-Nissan, B & Pezzotti, G 2003, 'Aluminia and zirconia bioceramics in orthopaedic applications', Journal of the Australasian Ceramic Society, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 20-28.

Cortie, MB 2003, 'New Uses For Gold In The Emerging Field Of Nanotechnology', Gold Bulletin, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 74-74.
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NA

Coull, BA, Mezzetti, M & Ryan, LM 2003, 'A Bayesian hierarchical model for risk assessment of methylmercury', Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 253-270.
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This article uses a Bayesian hierarchical model to quantify the adverse health effects associated with in-utero exposure to methylmercury. By allowing for study-to-study as well as outcome-to-outcome variability, the approach provides a useful meta-analytic tool for multi-outcome, multi-study environmental risk assessments. The analysis presented here expands on the findings of a National Academy of Sciences (NAS) committee, charged with advising the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) on an appropriate approach to conducting a risk assessment for methylmercury. The NAS committee, for which the senior author (Ryan) was a committee member, reviewed the findings from several conflicting studies and reported the results from a Bayesian hierarchical model that synthesized information across several studies and for several outcomes. Although the NAS committee did not suggest that the hierarchical model be used as the actual basis for a methylmercury risk assessment, the results from the model were used to justify and support the final recommendation that the risk analysis be based on data from a study conducted in the Faroe Islands, which had found an association between in-utero exposure to methylmercury and impaired neurological development. We consider a variety of statistical issues, but particularly sensitivity to model specification.

Cranfield, C, Wieser, HG, Al Madan, J & Dobson, J 2003, 'Preliminary evaluation of nanoscale biogenic magnetite-based ferromagnetic transduction mechanisms for mobile phone bioeffects', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOBIOSCIENCE, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 40-43.
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Cranfield, CG, Weiser, HG & Dobson, J 2003, 'Exposure of magnetic bacteria to simulated mobile phone-type RF radiation has no impact on mortality', IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOBIOSCIENCE, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 146-149.
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Crossley, M, Sintic, P, Walton, R & Reimers, JR 2003, 'Synthesis And Physical Properties Of Biquinoxalinyl Bridged Bis-Porphyrins: Models For Aspects Of Photosynthetic Reaction Centres', Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry, vol. 1, no. 15, pp. 2777-2787.
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Dalton, JP, Brindley, PJ, Knox, DP, Brady, CP, Hotez, PJ, Donnelly, SM, O'Neill, S, Mulcahy, G & Loukas, AC 2003, 'Helminth Vaccines: From Mining Genomic Information For Vaccine Targets To Systems Used For Protein Expression', International Journal For Parasitology, vol. 33, no. 5-6, pp. 621-640.
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The control of helminth diseases of people and livestock continues to rely on the widespread use of anti-helminthic drugs. However, concerns with the appearance of drug resistant parasites and the presence of pesticide residues in food and the environmen

Dalton, JP, O'Neill, S, Stack, CM, Collins, PR, Walshe, AL, Sekiya, M, Doyle, S, Mulcahy, G, Hoyle, D, Khaznadji, E, Moire, N, Brennan, GP, Mousley, A, Kreshchenko, N, Maule, AG & Donnelly, SM 2003, 'Fasciola Hepatica Cathepsin L-like Proteases: Biology, Function, And Potential In The Development Of First Generation Liver Fluke Vaccines', International Journal For Parasitology, vol. 33, no. 11, pp. 1173-1181.
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Fasciola hepatica secretes cathepsin L proteases that facilitate the penetration of the parasite through the tissues of its host, and also participate in functions such as feeding and immune evasion. The major proteases, cathepsin L1 (FheCL1) and catheps

Dang, L, Seale, JP & Qu, X 2003, 'Protein Kinase C Inhibition Reverses High-glucose-induced Expression And Secretion Of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor In Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells.', Diabetologia, vol. 46, pp. 1-1.
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NA

Davey, MS, Suggett, DJ, Geider, RJ & Taylor, AR 2003, 'Phytoplankton plasma membrane redox activity: Effect of iron limitation and interaction with photosynthesis', Journal Of Phycology, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 1132-1144.
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Phytoplankton plasma membrane electron transport activity was determined by monitoring the reduction of the impermeant artificial electron acceptor ferricyanide in a range of diatoms. The results revealed that constitutive plasma membrane electron transp

Dawson, M, Doble, PA, Beavis, AB, Li, L, Soper, R, Scolyer, RA, Uren, RF & Thompson, JF 2003, 'Antimony by ICP-MS as a marker for sentinel lymph nodes in melanoma patients', The Analyst, vol. 128, no. 3, pp. 1-6.
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A sensitive, accurate and specific method for the analysis of antimony by ICP-MS is presented as a marker of the sentinel lymph node in melanoma patients.

Dean, R, Dunlop, RA, Hume, P & Rodgers, K 2003, 'Proteolytic 'defences' and the accumulation of oxidized polypeptides in cataractogenesis and atherogenesis', Biochemical Society Symposium, vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 135-146.
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Over the last few years, it has been clearly established that normal plasma contains low levels of oxidized polypeptides, and that these accumulate in tissues during several age-related pathologies. In contrast, normal mammalian aging, contrary to conven

Dey, A, Zhu, X, Carroll, R, Turck, CW, Stein, J & Steiner, DF 2003, 'Erratum: Biological processing of the cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript precursors by prohormone convertases, PC2 and PC1/3 (The Journal of Biological Chemistry (2003) 278 (15007-15014))', Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol. 278, no. 26, p. 24242.

Djordjevic, SP, Vilei, EM & Frey, J 2003, 'Characterization of a chromosomal region of Mycoplasma sp. bovine group 7 strain PG50 encoding a glycerol trasnport locus (gtsABC)', Microbiology-uk, vol. 149, pp. 195-204.
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Mycoplasma species bovine group 7, represented by the type strain PG50, is one of six members of the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster and has been implicated in sporadic and outbreak cases of polyarthritis and mastitis in Australian dairy cattle. This study describes cloning and sequencing a 7·9 kb region of the PG50 chromosome and identification of genes involved in glycerol transport (gtsA, gtsB and gtsC) that are followed by a putative lipoprotein gene lppB and a genomic locus containing two ORFs encoding putative membrane proteins. Long range PCR using primers spanning gtsABC and downstream flanking genes, and Southern hybridization analyses using a suite of probes derived from M. mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony type (SC) strain Afadé for gtsA, gtsB and gtsC, lppB and the two downstream genes confirmed that these genes were conserved among Mycoplasma sp. bovine group 7 isolates and mycoplasmas belonging to the M. mycoides subcluster [M. mycoides subsp. mycoides SC, M. mycoides subsp. mycoides large colony type (LC) and M. mycoides subsp. capri] but were absent in mycoplasmas belonging to the Mycoplasma capricolum subcluster (M. capricolum subsp. capricolum and M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae). M. capricolum subsp. capricolum type strain California kid did not hybridize with the probe for gtsA and gave only weak or no hybridization signals with probes derived from the loci downstream of gtsABC, suggesting that this region has diverged in mycoplasmas belonging to subspecies of M. capricolum.

Doble, PA, Sandercock, PM, Du Pasquier, E, Petocz, P, Roux, CP & Dawson, M 2003, 'Classification of premium and regular gasoline by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, principal component analysis and artificial neural networks', Forensic Science International, vol. 132, no. 1, pp. 26-39.
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Detection and correct classification of gasoline is important for both arson and fuel spill investigation. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to classify premium and regular gasolines from gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GCMS) spectral data obtained from gasoline sold in Canada over one calendar year. Depending upon the dataset used for training and tests, around 8093% of the samples were correctly classified as either premium or regular gasoline using the Mahalanobis distances calculated from the principal components scores. Only 4862% of the samples were correctly classified when the premium and regular gasoline samples were divided further into their winter/summer sub-groups. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were trained to recognise premium and regular gasolines from the same GCMS data. The best-performing ANN correctly identified all samples as either a premium or regular grade. Approximately 97% of the premium and regular samples were correctly classified according to their winter or summer sub-group.

Dolferus, R, Klok, EJ, Delessert, C, Wilson, S, Ismond, KP, Good, AG, Peacock, WJ & Dennis, ES 2003, 'Enhancing the anaerobic response', ANNALS OF BOTANY, vol. 91, no. 2, pp. 111-117.
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Dooley, AH & Hamachi, T 2003, 'Markov odometer actions not of product type', ERGODIC THEORY AND DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS, vol. 23, pp. 813-829.
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Dooley, AH & Hamachi, T 2003, 'Nonsingular dynamical systems, Bratteli diagrams and Markov odometers', ISRAEL JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS, vol. 138, pp. 93-123.
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Dredge, P, Wuhrer, R & Phillips, M 2003, 'Monet's painting under the microscope', Microscopy And Microanalysis, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 139-143.
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An oil painting by Claude Monet, Port-Goulphar, Belle-Ile 1887 (collection of the Art Gallery of New South Wales), was examined to determine both the identity of the pigments used by the artist in this painting and his technique of mixing colors and laying paint on the canvas. The extremely complex construction of the painting was revealed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS), and X-ray mapping (XRM) analysis of cross sections of paint flakes excised from damaged regions of Port-Goulphar, Belle-Ile. Nine different pigments were found on the painting. Many of the identified colors were modern pigments that became available only late in the 19th century as a result of scientific advances in pigment chemistry. Although similar colors were available in a natural mineral form, they lacked the vivid color of their manufactured counterparts. The use of these new synthetic metallic oxide colors by Monet accounts for the brilliance of his paintings. In addition, a separation between successive paint layers was observed in some areas of paint chip cross sections, indicating that oil-based paint was applied to paint that had dried, and consequently, Port-Goulphar, Belle-Ile was painted over a long period of time. This observation is contrary to the general perception of Monet's technique of painting freely and quickly.

Dufresne, A, Salanoubat, M, Partensky, F, Artiguenave, F, Axmann, IM, Barbe, V, Duprat, S, Galperin, MY, Koonin, EV, Le Gall, F, Makarova, KS, Ostrowski, M, Oztas, S, Robert, C, Rogozin, IB, Scanlan, DJ, de Marsac, NT, Weissenbach, J, Wincker, P, Wolf, YI & Hess, WR 2003, 'Genome sequence of the cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus marinus SS120, a nearly minimal oxyphototrophic genome', PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, vol. 100, no. 17, pp. 10020-10025.
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Duty, SM, Silva, MJ, Barr, DB, Brock, JW, Ryan, L, Chen, ZY, Herrick, RF, Christiani, DC & Hauser, R 2003, 'Phthalate exposure and human semen parameters', EPIDEMIOLOGY, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 269-277.
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Duty, SM, Singh, NP, Silva, MJ, Barr, DB, Brock, JW, Ryan, LM, Herrick, RF, Christiani, DC & Hauser, R 2003, 'The relationship between environmental exposures to phthalates and DNA damage in human sperm using the neutral comet assay', Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. 111, no. 9, pp. 1164-1169.
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Phthalates are industrial chemicals widely used in many commercial applications. The general population is exposed to phthalates through consumer products as well as through diet and medical treatments. To determine whether environmental levels of phthalates are associated with altered DNA integrity in human sperm, we selected a population without identified sources of exposure to phthalates. One hundred sixty-eight subjects recruited from the Massachusetts General Hospital Andrology Laboratory provided a semen and a urine sample. Eight phthalate metabolites were measured in urine by using high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry; data were corrected for urine dilution by adjusting for specific gravity. The neutral single-cell microgel electrophoresis assay (comet assay) was used to measure DNA integrity in sperm. VisComet image analysis software was used to measure comet extent, a measure of total comet length (micrometers); percent DNA in tail (tail%), a measure of the proportion of total DNA present in the comet tail; and tail distributed moment (TDM), an integrated measure of length and intensity (micrometers). For an interquartile range increase in specific gravityadjusted monoethyl phthalate (MEP) level, the comet extent increased significantly by 3.6 ìm [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.746.47]; the TDM also increased 1.2 ìm (95% CI, 0.05 to 2.38) but was of borderline significance. Monobutyl, monobenzyl, monomethyl, and mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalates were not significantly associated with comet assay parameters. In conclusion, this study represents the first human data to demonstrate that urinary MEP, at environmental levels, is associated with increased DNA damage in sperm.

Edmonson, JH, Ryan, LM, Falkson, CI, Hicks, DG & Blum, RH 2003, 'Phase II study of Ifosfamide+Doxorubicin in patients with advanced synovial sarcomas (E1793): a trial of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group', Sarcoma, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 9-11.
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Purpose Because we had observed in the synovial sarcoma subgroup of a broad phase III advanced soft tissue sarcoma study a significantly greater objective regression rate from ifosfamideþdoxorubicin (88%) than from doxorubicin alone (20%) ( P¼0.02), the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) decided to further assess this two drug combination in a subsequent Phase II study. Patients Between 1994 and 1999, twelve adult patients with advanced synovial sarcomas were enrolled to receive, as their initial chemotherapy, ifosfamide 7.5 gm/m2 plus doxorubicin 60 mg/m2, given intravenously over two consecutive days every 3 weeks. Methods Each day for 2 days doxorubicin 30 mg/m2 was infused over 5 min through a running i.v., followed by ifosfamide 3750 mg/m2 over 4 h. Continuous i.v. fluid was infused at 300mL/h for 3 h on day 1, before chemotherapy was begun; then the infusion was continued at 100mL/h for a total of 3 days. Mesna 750 mg/m2 was given 15 min before ifosfamide and at 4 and 8 h after ifosfamide on days 1 and 2 of each treatment cycle. Filgrastim (G-CSF) 5 mg/kg was given subcutaneously each day for 14 days beginning on day 3 of each treatment cycle to limit the severity of neutropenia. Results Five of our 12 patients (42%) experienced partial regression of their advanced synovial sarcomas; however, this first stage result was borderline for proceeding to the second planned stage of accrual and our case accrual was quite poor. Thus, the study was closed after stage one accrual. Our patients received a median of four cycles of chemotherapy (range: 1 to 6). All patients experienced at least grade 3 neutropenia (grade 4 in nine of them), and one patient died of treatment-related sepsis following the initial cycle of chemotherapy. Median survival was 11 months.

Elder, M, McCammond, J & Meier, J 2003, 'Combinatorial conditions that imply word-hyperbolicity for 3-manifolds', Topology. An International Journal of Mathematics, vol. 42, pp. 1241-1259.
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Elder, MJ 2003, 'Patterns theory and geodesic automatic structure for a class of groups', International Journal of Algebra and Computation, vol. 13, pp. 203-230.
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Elder, MJ 2003, 'The loop shortening property and almost convexity', Geometriae Dedicata, vol. 102, pp. 1-18.
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Elliott, RJ & Hinz, J 2003, 'A method for portfolio choice', Applied Stochastic Models in Business and Industry, vol. 19, pp. 1-11.
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Ellis, JT & Pomroy, BE 2003, 'Hammondia heydorni oocysts in the faeces of a greyhound in New Zealand', New Zealand Veterinary Journal, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 38-39.
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Ellis, JT, Morrison, DJ & Reichel, MP 2003, 'Genomics and its impact on parasitology and the potential for development of new parasite control methods', DNA and Cell Biology, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 395-403.
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Exline, DL, Wallace, Kunkel, CS, Roux, CP, Lennard, CJ, Nelson, MP & Treado, P 2003, 'Forensic applications of chemical imaging: Latent fingerprint detection using visible absorption and luminescence', Journal Of Forensic Sciences, vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 1047-1053.

Fagerlind, MG, Rice, SA, Nilsson, P, Harlen, M, James, S, Charlton, T & Kjelleberg, S 2003, 'The role of regulators in the expression of quorum-sensing signals in Pseudomonas aeruginosa', JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 88-100.
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Ferguson, DJ, Belli, SI, Smith, NC & Wallach, M 2003, 'The development of the macrogamete and oocyst wall in Eimeria maxima: immuno-light and electron microscopy', International Journal For Parasitology, vol. 33, no. 12, pp. 1329-1340.
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Ferreira, LG, Yoshioka, H, Huete, A & Sano, EE 2003, 'Seasonal landscape and spectral vegetation index dynamics in the Brazilian Cerrado: An analysis within the Large-Scale Biosphere Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA)', Remote Sensing Of Environment, vol. 87, no. 4, pp. 534-550.
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The Brazilian Cerrado biome comprises a vertically structured mosaic of grassland, shrubland, and woodland physiognomies with distinct phenology patterns. In this study, we investigated the utility of spectral vegetation indices in differentiating these physiognomies and in monitoring their seasonal dynamics. We obtained high spectral resolution reflectances, during the 2000 wet and dry seasons, over the major Cerrado types at Brasilia National Park (BNP) using the light aircraft-based Modland Quick Airborne Looks (MQUALS) package, consisting of a spectroradiometer and digital camera. Site-intensive biophysical and canopy structural measurements were made simultaneously at each of the Cerrado types including Cerrado grassland, shrub Cerrado, wooded Cerrado, Cerrado woodland, and gallery forest. We analyzed the spectral reflectance signatures, their first derivative analogs, and convolved spectral vegetation indices (VI) over all the Cerrado physiognomies.

Fischer, G, Cai, Z, Reimers, JR & Wormell, P 2003, 'Singlet And Triplet Valence Excited States Of Pyrimidine', Journal Of Physical Chemistry A, vol. 107, no. 17, pp. 3093-3106.
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Forbes, SL, Keegan, J, Stuart, BH & Dent, BB 2003, 'A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the detection of adipocere in grave soils', European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, vol. 105, pp. 761-768.
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Fussell, DP, McPhedran, RC, de Sterke, CM & Asatryan, AA 2003, 'Three-dimensional local density of states in a finite two-dimensional photonic crystal composed of cylinders', Physical Review E, vol. 67, no. 4, pp. 1-4.

Fussell, DP, McPhedran, RC, Martijn de Sterke, C & Asatryan, AA 2003, 'Three-dimensional local density of states in a finite two-dimensional photonic crystal composed of cylinders', Physical Review E - Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics, vol. 67, no. 4 2, pp. 456011-456014.
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The various aspects of three-dimensional local density of states (LDOS) for a finite two-dimensional photonic crystal as a function of space and frequency were studied. The radiation dynamics was determined by LDOS. The multipole method was used for the exact calculation of the dyadic Green's function, which determined LDOS. The LDOS was suppressed by the macroporous silicon.

Gao, X, Huete, A & Didan, K 2003, 'Multisensor Comparisons and Validation of MODIS Vegetation Indices at the Semiarid Jornada Experimental Range', IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol. 41, no. 10, pp. 2368-2381.
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Vegetation indices (VIs) are one of the standard science products available from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument on the Earth Observing System (EOS) Terra platform, launched in December 1999. An important requirement of MODIS science products is that they be rigorously validated. In this study, we conducted a site-intensive MODIS VI product validation at the semiarid Jornada Experimental Range, New Mexico, an EOS Land Validation Core Site. Our validation approach involved scaling up independent fine-grained datasets, including ground and airborne radiometry, and high spatial resolution imagery [Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+)], to the coarser MODIS spatial resolutions. The MODIS VIs were evaluated with respect to their radiometric performances, the uncertainties of the compositing methodology, and their capabilities to depict seasonal variations in vegetation. The MODIS Quick Airborne Looks (MQUALS) radiometric package was found useful in up-scaling field in situ measurements to coarser spatial resolutions. Both single-day nadir-view and 16-day composited MODIS reflectances and VIs matched well with the nadir-based atmosphere-free MQUALS observations for all the land cover types found at Jornada, with the root mean squared deviations less than 0.03.

Gelhausen, O, Klein, H, Phillips, M & Goldys, EM 2003, 'Electron irradiation-induced electro-migration and diffusion of defects in Mg-doped GaN', Physica Status Solidi B-basic Research, vol. 239, no. 2, pp. 310-315.
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In-plane- and depth-resolved cathodoluminescence (CL) microanalysis and spectroscopy was carried out to study the impact of electron injection on electro-migration and diffusion of native defects and residual impurities in rapidly thermally annealed (RTA) Mg-doped p-type GaN. During intense electron beam irradiation (e.g. Eb = 10 keV, Ib = 80 nA), an electric field is generated within the primary beam interaction volume. We observed the following two electric field-related effects: (i) an increased electron recombination length and a subsequent field-assisted charge spreading, which causes a dissociation of Mg-H complexes beyond the interaction volume of the primary electron beam, and ii) thermally assisted electro-migration of positively charged, mobile defects leading to the formation of deeper complexes, which are highly stable and act as nonradiative recombination pathways. Furthermore, the diffusion of electron beam-dissociated hydrogen was found to result in the passivation of Mg acceptors beyond the charge recombination volume.

Gelhausen, O, Klein, H, Phillips, M & Goldys, EM 2003, 'Low-energy electron-beam irradiation and yellow luminescence in activated Mg-doped GaN', Applied Physics Letters, vol. 83, no. 16, pp. 3293-3295.
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The effect of low-energy electron-beam irradiation (LEEBI) on native defects and residual impurities in metalorganic-vapor-phase-epitaxy-grown, lightly Mg-doped, p-type GaN was studied by temperature-resolved and excitation power density-resolved cathodoluminescence spectroscopy. Following the LEEBI treatment, the ubiquitous shallow donoracceptor-pair emission at 3.27 eV decreased, while a deeper DAP emission at ~3.1 eV dramatically increased in intensity, and a broad yellow luminescence band centered at 2.2 eV evolved. The results clearly indicate that the centers involved in the 3.27 eV transition are not stable during irradiation by low-energy electrons. Further, we report that the LEEBI-treatment not only dissociates neutral Mg-H complexes as intended, but simultaneously dissociates other hydrogenated defect complexes, giving rise to additional radiative recombination channels.

Gelhausen, O, Phillips, M & Goldys, EM 2003, 'A method to improve the light emission efficiency of Mg-doped GaN', Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, vol. 36, no. 23, pp. 2976-2979.
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Scanning cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy and imaging were used to study the effect of post-growth processing on the CL efficiency of metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy-grown Mg-doped GaN. In this work, two treatments, thermal annealing in high-purity gaseous atmospheres (N2, O2 and H2(5%)/N2) and low-energy electron beam irradiation (LEEBI), have been investigated. Post-growth annealing in a H2/N2 atmosphere followed by LEEBI leads to a significant enhancement of the free electron-to-bound Mg-acceptor (e, Mg) CL emission and a reduction of nonradiative centres involving native defects. The presented results demonstrate that the combination of post-growth annealing in a H2/N2 atmosphere and LEEBI dissociation of MgH complex acceptors significantly improves the light emitting efficiency of Mg-doped p-type GaN. Conversely, the samples annealed in a N2 or O2 atmosphere exhibit a reduced (e, Mg) emission after both annealing and LEEBI treatment.

Genger, RK, Peacock, WJ, Dennis, ES & Finnegan, EJ 2003, 'Opposing effects of reduced DNA methylation on flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana', PLANTA, vol. 216, no. 3, pp. 461-466.
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Gilmore, AM, Larkum, AWD, Salih, A, Itoh, S, Shibata, Y, Bena, C, Yamasaki, H, Papina, M & Van Woesik, R 2003, 'Simultaneous Time Resolution of the Emission Spectra of Fluorescent Proteins and Zooxanthellar Chlorophyll in Reef-building Corals', Photochemistry and Photobiology, vol. 77, no. 5, pp. 515-523.
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Light is absorbed by photosynthetic algal symbionts (i.e. zooxanthellae) and by chromophoric fluorescent proteins (FP) in reef-building coral tissue. We used a streak-camera spectrograph equipped with a pulsed, blue laser diode (50 ps, 405 nm) to simultaneously resolve the fluorescence spectra and kinetics for both the FP and the zooxanthellae. Shallow water (<9 m)-dwelling Acropora spp. and Plesiastrea versipora specimens were collected from Okinawa, Japan, and Sydney, Australia, respectively. The main FP emitted light in the blue, blue-green and green emission regions with each species exhibiting distinct color morphs and spectra. All corals showed rapidly decaying species and reciprocal rises in greener emission components indicating Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between FP populations. The energy transfer modes were around 250 ps, and the main decay modes of the acceptor FP were typically 1900-2800 ps. All zooxanthellae emitted similar spectra and kinetics with peak emission (∼683 nm) mainly from photosystem II (PSII) chlorophyll (chl) a. Compared with the FP, the PSII emission exhibited similar rise times but much faster decay times, typically around 640-760 ps. The fluorescence kinetics and excitation versus emission mapping indicated that the FP emission played only a minor role, if any, in chl excitation. We thus suggest the FP could only indirectly act to absorb, screen and scatter light to protect PSII and underlying and surrounding animal tissue from excess visible and UV light. We conclude that our time-resolved spectral analysis and simulation revealed new FP emission components that would not be easily resolved at steady state because of their relatively rapid decays due to efficient FRET. We believe the methods show promise for future studies of coral bleaching and for potentially identifying FP species for use as genetic markers and FRET partners, like the related green FP from Aequorea spp.

Gimm, O & Marsh, DJ 2003, 'Does a somatic deletion in RET clarify the sporadic nature of medullary thyroid carcinoma?', JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 381-383.
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Gladstone, W & davis, J 2003, 'Reduced survey intensity and its consequences for marine reserve selection', Biodiversity and conservation, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 1525-1536.
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There has been much interest in the potential of short-cuts in biodiversity surveys (e.g. physical surrogates, indicator groups, and lower taxonomic resolution) in systematic processes to select networks of representative marine reserves. This study tested the consequences for reserve selection of reducing survey intensity in intertidal rocky shores in southeast Australia. Using a reference data set of species'' distributions based on surveys of two replicate sites in each of 15 locations, a reduction in survey intensity was simulated by randomly eliminating the data from one of the replicate sites in each location. A complementarity-based reserve selection algorithm was used to determine the number of locations required to represent all species once in a reserve network and the irreplaceability value of locations. A reduction in survey intensity led to increases in: the size of reserve networks (of between 8 and 17%); the irreplaceability value of locations; and the number of irreplaceable locations. These changes were caused by a reduction in the observed range sizes of species in the data sets simulating a reduced survey intensity.

Gladstone, W & Schreider, M 2003, 'Effects of pruning a temperature mangrove forest on the associated assemblages of macroinvertebrates', Marine and Freshwater Research, vol. 54, pp. 683-690.
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Mangrove forests around the world are being impacted by development in adjacent land and water areas. An after-control-impact study was undertaken to assess the effects of mangrove forest pruning on the associated benthic macroinvertebrate fauna. Pruning, undertaken 5 years before our sampling period, reduced the height of the forest canopy from 5 m to 1 m. Macrobenthic assemblages were sampled in September 2000 and January 2001 from two randomly selected sites within the pruned section of forest, and two sites in each of two control locations in the same forest. Assemblage composition in the pruned and undisturbed mangrove forests was not significantly different, nor were there significant differences in variability between the two areas. Similarity matrices for assemblages based on higher taxonomic groups and molluscs were highly correlated with similarity matrices for all taxa, indicating the utility of more rapid forms of assessment in this habitat. The results suggest that although short-term impacts may have occurred, no impact on macroinvertebrate assemblages was evident 5 years after the pruning.

Gladstone, W, Krupp, F & Younis, M 2003, 'Development and management of a network of marine protected areas in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden region', Ocean & Coastal Management, vol. 46, pp. 741-761.
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Glasner, J, Liss, P, Plunkett, G, Darling, AE, Prasad, T, Rusch, M, Byrnes, A, Gilson, M, Biehl, B, Blattner, F & Perna, N 2003, 'ASAP, A Systematic Annotation Package For Community Analysis Of Genomes', Nucleic Acids Research, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 147-151.
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ASAP (a systematic annotation package for community analysis of genomes) is a relational database and web interface developed to store, update and distribute genome sequence data and functional characterization (https://asap.ahabs.wisc.edu/annotation/php

Godlewski, M, Guziewicz, E, Kopalko, K, Lusakowska, E, Dynowska, E, Godlewski, MM, Goldys, EM & Phillips, M 2003, 'Origin of white color light emission in ALE-grown ZnSe', Journal Of Luminescence, vol. 102-103, no. 1, pp. 455-459.
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We discuss light emission properties from thin films of ZnSe grown by atomic layer epitaxy on GaAs (1 0 0). White color emission is observed in photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence, due to the observation of three RGB emission bands. We demonstrate possibility of color tuning by either variation of film thickness or, in cathodoluminescence experiments, variation of an accelerating voltage.

Godlewski, MM, Ivanov, V, Goldys, EM, Phillips, M, Böttcher, T, Figge, S, Hommel, D, Czernecki, R, Prystawko, P, Leszczynski, M, Perlin, P, Grzegory, I & Porowski, S 2003, 'Cathodoluminescence profiling of InGaN-based quantum well sturctures and laser diodes - in-plane instabilities of light emission', ACTA Physica Polonica, vol. 103, no. 6, pp. 689-694.
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Golden, CM, Ryan, LM & Holmes, LB 2003, 'Chorionic villus sampling: A distinctive teratogenic effect on fingers?', Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology, vol. 67, pp. 557-562.
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BACKGROUND: An increased frequency of major limb malformations, especially terminal transverse limb defects, have been described in several studies of birth defects in children who had been exposed to the prenatal diagnosis procedure known as chorionic villus sampling (CVS). Vascular disruption has been proposed as the mechanism behind the fetal effect. We postulate that this mechanism is more likely to affect one or two middle fingers, rather than all five fingers. A recent report of the frequency of defects in any or all fingers in an unexposed control population enabled us to assess whether CVS is associated with an increased frequency of defects involving one or two fingers, as well as terminal transverse limb defects. METHODS: The frequency of limb-reduction defects affecting one or more fingers or toes, including those with constriction rings and tissue loss, in published studies of 20,236 children who had been exposed to CVS was compared with the frequency in 161,252 newborn infants who had not been exposed to CVS. Children with recognized genetic disorders were excluded. RESULTS: Several aspects of the limb deficiencies were more common in the CVS-exposed infants than in unexposed controls. The former were more likely to have: 1) any type of limb deficiency involving one or more fingers (p < .001); 2) absence/hypoplasia of two fingers (1) < .001); and 3) absence/hypoplasia of all five fingers (p = .015). The absence of the distal portion of the third finger was a distinctive type of limb-reduction defect in CVS-exposed infants. CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of deficiencies in one or two fingers, including those designated as "amniotic band deformities," are as common as terminal transverse limb defects in CVS-exposed infants, and both are much more common than in unexposed infants. The absence of the distal portion of the third finger, with tapering and stiff joints, appears to be a distinctive effect of exposure to CVS

Green, PJ 2003, 'Diversities of gifts, but the same spirit', Journal Of The Royal Statistical Society Series D-The Statistician, vol. 52, pp. 423-435.
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This address reviews the great diversity of the discipline of statistics, seeking an essential unity among its various aspects. The role of statistical modelling in underpinning the subject is stressed. To safeguard the discipline in the future, it is se

Greene, RW, Ablon, JS & Goring, JC 2003, 'A transactional model of oppositional behavior Underpinnings of the Collaborative Problem Solving Approach', Journal of Psychosomatic Research, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 67-75.
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Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) refers to a recurrent pattern of developmentally inappropriate levels of negativistic, defiant, disobedient, and hostile behavior toward authority figures. ODD is one of the most common (and debilitating) comorbid disorders within Tourette's disorder (TD). Diverse psychosocial treatment approaches have been applied to children's ODD-related behaviors. In this paper, the authors articulate a transactional developmental conceptualization of oppositional behavior and describe a cognitive-behavioral model of intervention - called Collaborative Problem Solving (CPS) - emanating from this conceptualization. The specific goals of the CPS approach are to help adults (1) understand the specific adult and child characteristics contributing to the development of a child's oppositional behavior; (2) become cognizant of three basic strategies for handling unmet expectations, including (a) imposition of adult will, (b) CPS, and (c) removing the expectation; (3) recognize the impact of each of these three approaches on parent-child interactions; and (4) become proficient, along with their children, at CPS as a means of resolving disagreements and defusing potentially conflictual situations so as to reduce oppositional episodes and improve parent-child compatibility. Summary data from an initial study documenting the effectiveness of the CPS approach (in comparison to the standard of care) are also presented. © 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Grills, AE & Ollendick, TH 2003, 'Multiple informant agreement and the anxiety disorders interview schedule for parents and children', Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 30-40.
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Objective: To examine concordance of child, parent, and consensus agreement on the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule, Child and Parent versions (ADIS-C/P), for an outpatient sample of children and adolescents and to explore moderators of those relations. Child characteristics (age, gender, social desirability), a family environment variable (conflict), and type of diagnoses (internalizing, externalizing) were systematically examined. Method: These relations were examined in 165 children and adolescents referred to a psychological clinic by family practitioners, pediatricians, schools, and mental health professionals. Participants were individually administered the ADIS-C or ADIS-P by separate clinicians, and consensus diagnoses were determined in a clinical conference. Agreements between child-parent, child-consensus, and parent-consensus were determined. Results: Poor levels of agreement were found among our informants, especially between child and parent and to some extent between child and consensus. Agreement was higher between parent and consensus, suggesting that our clinicians tended to favor parent input over child input. Although the effects were complex, characteristics of the child, family, and type of diagnosis moderated or qualified these findings Conclusions: Although discrepancies exist among our informants, our overall findings suggest important information is obtained from each informant and, when combined with certain modifying characteristics, may lead to diagnostic and treatment decisions.

Guenneau, S, Poulton, CG & Movchan, AB 2003, 'Conical propagation of electromagnetic waves through an array of cylindrical inclusions', Physica B: Condensed Matter, vol. 338, no. 1, pp. 149-152.
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This paper presents properties of electromagnetic waves propagating through a doubly periodic array of cylindrical channels in oblique incidence. A new method, based on a multipole scattering approach, has been proposed to reduce this spectral problem for partial differential equations to a certain algebraic problem of the Rayleigh-type. We also address the question of a singular perturbation induced by the conical incidence and discuss some effective properties for ferro-magnetic photonic crystal fibers in the long wavelength limit.

Guenneau, S, Poulton, CG & Movchan, AB 2003, 'Oblique propagation of electromagnetic and elastic waves for an array of cylindrical fibres', Proceedings Of The Royal Society A: Mathematical Physical And Engineering Sciences, vol. 459, no. 2037, pp. 2215-2263.
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This paper presents analysis of electromagnetic and elastodynamic waves propagating through a doubly periodic array of cylindrical channels in oblique incidence. A new method, based on a multipole scattering approach, has been proposed to reduce these spectral problems for partial differential equations to certain algebraic problems of the Rayleigh type. We obtain a formulation in terms of an eigenvalue problem that enables us to construct the high-order dispersion curves and to study both photonic and phononic band-gap structures in oblique incidence. We also address the question of a singular perturbation induced by the conical incidence and discuss some effective properties for ferromagnetic photonic crystal fibres in the long-wavelength limit.

Gunning, SJ, Chong, Y, Khalife, A, Hains, PG, Broady, KW & Nicholson, GM 2003, 'Isolation of delta-missulenatoxin-Mb1a, the major vertebrate-active spider delta-toxin from the venom of Missulena bradleyi (Actinopodidae)', Febs Letters, vol. 554, no. 1-2, pp. 211-218.
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The present study describes the isolation and pharmacological characterisation of the neurotoxin ?-missulenatoxin-Mb1a (?-MSTX-Mb1a) from the venom of the male Australian eastern mouse spider, Missulena bradleyi. This toxin was isolated using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and was subsequently shown to cause an increase in resting tension, muscle fasciculation and a decrease in indirect twitch tension in a chick biventer cervicis nerve-muscle bioassay. Interestingly, these effects were neutralised by antivenom raised against the venom of the Sydney funnel-web spider Atrax robustus. Subsequent whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology on rat dorsal root ganglion neurones revealed that ?-MSTX-Mb1a caused a reduction in peak tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive sodium current, a slowing of sodium current inactivation and a hyperpolarising shift in the voltage at half-maximal activation. In addition, ?-MSTX-Mb1a failed to affect TTX-resistant sodium currents. Subsequent Edman degradation revealed a 42-residue peptide with unusual N- and C-terminal cysteines and a cysteine triplet (Cys14-16). This toxin was highly homologous to a family of ?-atracotoxins (?-ACTX) from Australian funnel-web spiders including conservation of all eight cysteine residues. In addition to actions on sodium channel gating and kinetics to ?-ACTX, ?-MSTX-Mb1a caused significant insect toxicity at doses up to 2000 pmol/g. ?-MSTX-Mb1a therefore provides evidence of a highly conserved spider ?-toxin from a phylogenetically distinct spider family that has not undergone significant modification.

Guo, ZP, Konstantinov, K, Wang, G, Liu, HK & Dou, SX 2003, 'Preparation of orthorhombic LiMnO2 material via the solâgel process', Journal of Power Sources, vol. 119-121, pp. 221-225.
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Guo, ZP, Zhong, S, Wang, G, Liu, HK & Dou, SX 2003, 'Structure and electrochemical characteristics of LiMn0.7M0.3O2 (M=Ti, V, Zn, Mo, Co, Mg, Cr)', Journal Of Alloys And Compounds, vol. 348, pp. 231-235.
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Hamlett, AC, Ryan, LM, Serrano, P & Wolfinger, R 2003, 'Mixed models for assessing correlation in the presence of replication', Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 442-450.
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The need to assess correlation in settings where multiple measurements are available on each of the variables of interest often arises in environmental science. However, this topic is not covered in introductory statistics texts. Although several ad hoc approaches can be used, they can easily lead to invalid conclusions and to a difficult choice of an appropriate measure of the correlation. Lam et al. approached this problem by using maximum likelihood estimation in cases where the replicate measurements are linked over time, but the method requires specialized software. We reanalyze the data of Lam et al. using PROC MIXED in SAS and show how to obtain the parameter estimates of interest with just a few lines of code. We then extend Lam et al.'s method to settings where the replicate measurements are not linked. Analysis of the unlinked case is illustrated with data from a study designed to assess correlations between indoor and outdoor measurements of benzene concentration in the air.

Hardin, JW & Carroll, RJ 2003, 'Measurement Error, GLMs, and Notational Conventions', The Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 329-341.
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Hardin, JW & Carroll, RJ 2003, 'Measurement Error, GLMs, and Notational Conventions', The Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 329-341.
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Hardin, JW & Carroll, RJ 2003, 'Variance Estimation for the Instrumental Variables Approach to Measurement Error in Generalized Linear Models', The Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 342-350.
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Hardin, JW & Carroll, RJ 2003, 'Variance Estimation for the Instrumental Variables Approach to Measurement Error in Generalized Linear Models', The Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 342-350.
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Hardin, JW, Schmiediche, H & Carroll, RJ 2003, 'Instrumental Variables, Bootstrapping, and Generalized Linear Models', The Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 351-360.
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Hardin, JW, Schmiediche, H & Carroll, RJ 2003, 'Instrumental Variables, Bootstrapping, and Generalized Linear Models', The Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 351-360.
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Hardin, JW, Schmiediche, H & Carroll, RJ 2003, 'The Regression-calibration Method for Fitting Generalized Linear Models with Additive Measurement Error', The Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 361-372.
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Hardin, JW, Schmiediche, H & Carroll, RJ 2003, 'The Regression-calibration Method for Fitting Generalized Linear Models with Additive Measurement Error', The Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 361-372.
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Hardin, JW, Schmiediche, H & Carroll, RJ 2003, 'The Simulation Extrapolation Method for Fitting Generalized Linear Models with Additive Measurement Error', The Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 373-385.
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Hardin, JW, Schmiediche, H & Carroll, RJ 2003, 'The Simulation Extrapolation Method for Fitting Generalized Linear Models with Additive Measurement Error', The Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 373-385.
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Harry, L 2003, 'The precision of bacterial cell division', Today's Life Science, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 34-37.

Harry, L & Lewis, PJ 2003, 'Early Targeting of Min Proteins to the Cell Poles in Germinated Spores of Bacillus subtilis: Evidence for Division Apparatus-Independent Recruitment of Min Proteins to the Division Site', Molecular Microbiology, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 37-48.
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The earliest event in bacterial cell division is the assembly of a tubulin-like protein, FtsZ, at mid-cell to form a ring. In rod-shaped bacteria, the Min system plays an important role in division site placement by inhibiting FtsZ ring formation specifically at the polar regions of the cell. The Min system comprises MinD and MinC, which form an inhibitor complex and, in Bacillus subtilis, DivIVA, which ensures that division is inhibited only in the polar regions. All three proteins localize to the division site at mid-cell and to cell poles. Their recruitment to the division site is dependent on localization of both `early' and `late' division proteins. We have examined the temporal and spatial localization of DivIVA relative to that of FtsZ during the first and second cell division after germination and outgrowth of B. subtilis spores. We show that, although the FtsZ ring assembles at mid-cell about halfway through the cell cycle, DivIVA assembles at this site immediately before cell division and persists there during Z-ring constriction and completion of division. We also show that both DivIVA and MinD localize to the cell poles immediately upon spore germination, well before a Z ring forms at mid-cell. Furthermore, these proteins were found to be present in mature, dormant spores. These results suggest that targeting of Min proteins to division sites does not depend directly on the assembly of the division apparatus, as suggested previously, and that potential polar division sites are blocked at the earliest possible stage in the cell cycle in germinated spores as a mechanism to ensure that equal-sized daughter cells are produced upon cell division

Hauser, R, Chen, ZY, Pothier, L, Ryan, L & Altshul, L 2003, 'The relationship between human semen parameters and environmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and p,p '-DDE', ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES, vol. 111, no. 12, pp. 1505-1511.
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Hauser, R, Rice, TM, Krishha Murthy, GG, Wand, M, Lewis, D, Bledsoe, T & Paulauskis, J 2003, 'The upper airway response to pollen is enhanced by exposure to combustion particulates: A pilot human experimental challenge study', Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. 111, no. 5, pp. 676-680.
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Hauser, R, Rice, TM, Murthy, GGK, Wand, MP, Lewis, D, Bledsoe, T & Paulauskis, J 2003, 'The upper airway response to pollen is enhanced by exposure to combustion particulates: A pilot human experimental challenge study', Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. 111, no. 4, pp. 472-477.
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Although human experimental studies have shown that gaseous pollutants enhance the inflammatory response to allergens, human data on whether combustion particulates enhance the inflammatory response to allergen are limited. Therefore, we conducted a human experimental study to investigate whether combustion particulates enhance the inflammatory response to aeroallergens. "Enhancement" refers to a greater-than-additive response when combustion particulates are delivered with allergen, compared with the responses when particulates and allergen are delivered alone. Eight subjects, five atopic and three nonatopic, participated in three randomized exposure-challenge sessions at least 2 weeks apart (i.e., clean air followed by allergen, particles followed by no allergen, or particles followed by allergen). Each session consisted of nasal exposure to combustion particles (target concentration of 1.0 mg/m3) or clean air for 1 hr, followed 3 hr later by challenge with whole pollen grains or placebo. Nasal lavage was performed immediately before particle or clean air exposure, immediately after exposure, and 4, 18 and 42 hr after pollen challenge. Cell counts, differentials, and measurement of cytokines were performed on each nasal lavage. In atopic but not in nonatopic subjects, when allergen was preceded by particulates, there was a significant enhancement immediately after pollen challenge in nasal lavage leukocytes and neutrophils (29.7 × 103 cells/mL and 25.4 × 103 cells/mL, respectively). This represents a 143% and 130% enhancement, respectively. The enhanced response for interleukin-4 was 3.23 pg/mL (p = 0.06), a 395% enhancement. In atopic subjects there was evidence of an enhanced response when particulates, as compared to clean air, preceded the allergen challenge.

Hawes, I, Riis, T, Sutherland, D & Flanagan, M 2003, 'Physical constraints to aquatic plant growth in New Zealand lakes', JOURNAL OF AQUATIC PLANT MANAGEMENT, vol. 41, pp. 44-52.

Hawes, I, Sutherland, D & Hanelt, D 2003, 'The use of pulse amplitude modulated fluorometry to determine fine-scale temporal and spatial variation of in situ photosynthetic activity within an Isoetes-dominated canopy', AQUATIC BOTANY, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 1-15.
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Heath, DP & Platen, E 2003, 'Pricing of index options under a minimal market model with log-normal scaling', Quantitative Finance, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 442-450.
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Heather, AK, Fisher, E, McGrath, KC & Yue, D 2003, 'High glucose alters matrix metalloproteinase expression in two key vascular cells: potential impact on atherosclerosis in diabetes', Atherosclerosis, vol. 168, no. 2, pp. 263-269.
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Diabetes is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. Hyperglycemia is an underlying contributing factor; however, the mechanisms that mediate the vascular complications are not yet fully understood. In the present study, we provide evidence that elevated

Helfrich, M, Bommer, B, Oster, U, Klement, H, Mayer, K, Larkum, AWD & Rüdiger, W 2003, 'Chlorophylls of the c family: Absolute configuration and inhibition of NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase', Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics, vol. 1605, no. 1-3, pp. 97-103.
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Using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, the stereochemistry at C-132 of members of the chlorophyll (Chl) c family, namely Chls c1, c2, c3 and [8-vinyl]-protochlorophyllide a (Pchlide a) was determined. By comparison with spectra of known enantiomers, all Chl c members turned out to have the (R) configuration, which is in agreement with considerations drawn from chlorophyll biosynthesis. Except for a double bond in the side chain at C-17, the chemical structure of Chl c1 is identical with Pchlide a, the natural substrate of the light-dependent NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR). Thus, lack of binding to the active site due to the wrong configuration at C-132, which had been proposed previously, cannot be an explanation for inactivity of Chl c in this enzymic reaction. Our results show rather that Chl c1 is a competitive inhibitor for this enzyme, tested with Pchlide a and Zn-protopheophorbide a (Zn-Ppheide a) as substrates. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Hinz, J 2003, 'Modelling day-ahead electricity prices', Applied Mathematical Finance, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 149-161.

Hinz, J 2003, 'Optimal bid strategies for electricity auctions', Mathematical Methods of Operations Research, vol. 57, pp. 157-171.
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Hinz, J 2003, 'Optimizing a portfolio of power-producing plants', Bernoulli journal, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 659-669.

Hodgkinson, IJ, Wu, QH, De Silva, L, Arnold, M, McCall, MW & Lakhtakia, A 2003, 'Supermodes of chiral photonic filters with combined twist and layer defects', Physical Review Letters, vol. 91, no. 22.
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We consider the circularly polarized localized modes of chiral photonic structures with combined central twist and isotropic layer defects. The general filter is shown to suffer from anomalous remittance and saturation of linewidth as the thickness of the structure is increased. However, by choosing parameters that phase match the elements of the round-trip matrix of the isotropic layer defect, we demonstrate the existence of supermodes that maintain exceptional purity of polarization state and exponential decrease in linewidth as the thickness is increased. © 2003 The American Physical Society.

Hodgkinson, IJ, Wu, QH, De Silva, L, Arnold, MD, McCall, MW & Lakhtakia, A 2003, 'Supermodes of chiral photonic filters with combined twist and layer defects', Physical Review Letters, vol. 91, no. 22, pp. 1-4.
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We consider the circularly polarized localized modes of chiral photonic structures with combined central twist and isotropic layer defects. The general filter is shown to suffer from anomalous remittance and saturation of linewidth as the thickness of the structure is increased. However, by choosing parameters that phase match the elements of the round-trip matrix of the isotropic layer defect, we demonstrate the existence of supermodes that maintain exceptional purity of polarization state and exponential decrease in linewidth as the thickness is increased.

Hohnberg, D, Ralph, PJ & Jones, H 2003, 'Toxicity of the herbicide atrazine at environmental concentrations to Vallisneria Gigantea, assessed using chlorophyll fluorescence', Australasian Journal of Ecotoxicology, vol. 9, pp. 93-100.

Hong, MY, Chapkin, RS, Davidson, LA, Turner, ND, Morris, JS, Carroll, RJ & Lupton, JR 2003, 'Fish oil enhances targeted apoptosis during colon tumor initiation in part by downregulating bcl-2', NUTRITION AND CANCER-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 44-51.
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Howell, VM, Haven, CJ, Kahnoski, K, Khoo, SK, Petillo, D, Chen, J, Fleuren, GJ, Robinson, BG, Delbridge, LW, Philips, J, Nelson, AE, Krause, U, Hammje, K, Dralle, H, Hoang-Vu, C, Gimm, O, Marsh, DJ, Morreau, H & Teh, BT 2003, 'HRPT2 mutations are associated with malignancy in sporadic parathyroid tumours', JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS, vol. 40, no. 9, pp. 657-663.
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Huete, A, Miura, T & Gao, X 2003, 'Land Cover Conversion and Degradation Analyses Through Coupled Soil-Plant Biophysical Parameters Derived From Hyperspectral EO-1 Hyperion', IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 1268-1276.
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Land degradation in semiarid areas results from various factors, including climate variations and human activity, and can lead to desertification. The process of degradation results in simultaneous and complex variations of many interrelated soil and vegetation biophysical parameters, rendering it difficult to develop simple and robust remote sensing mapping and monitoring approaches. In this study, we tested the use of Earth Observing 1 (EO-1) Hyperion hyperspectral data to analyze land degradation patterns within the protected Nacunan Biosphere Reserve and surrounding areas in the Monte Desert region of Argentina. The floristically diverse vegetation communities included mesquite forest (algarrobal), creosotebush (jarillal), sand-dune (medanal), and severely degraded (peladal) sites. Various optical measures of land degradation were employed, including vegetation indexes, spectral derivatives, albedo, and spectral mixture analysis. Spectral mixture analysis provided the best characterization of the unstable and spatially variable landscape encountered at the Nacunan Biosphere Reserve. Spectral unmixing provided simultaneous measures of green vegetation, nonphotosynthetic vegetation, and soil, all of which were deemed essential in characterizing land degradation. In conjunction with multitemporal data from the more commonly employed broadband sensors, hyperspectral data can provide a powerful methodology toward understanding environmental degradation.

Hung, A, Nguyen, HT, Thornton, BS & Zinder, Y 2003, 'Dynamic Programming Approach to Image Segmentation and its Application to Pre-processing of Mammograms', Australian Journal of Intelligent Information Processing Systems, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 51-56.
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Images egmentationis an importent componento f imagop rocessings irce significantt ime can be savedi f a region of interest is extracted by al efficient segmentationa lgorithm. A dynamic programming image segmentation algorithnr is presented. The algorithm is applicable to images with a large matrix of gray levels of pixel values and generatesa path separatingt he object from the background.T he report of a.na pplication of the proposed algorithm to digitised mammotramsc omplementsit s description.

Hyde, GJ, Davies, DS, Cole, L & Ashford, AE 2003, 'Retention of fluorescent probes during aldehyde-free anhydrous freeze-substitution', JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY, vol. 210, pp. 125-130.
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Indsto, J, Nassif, N, Kefford, RF & Mann, GJ 2003, 'Frequent loss of heterozygosity targeting the inactive X chromosome in melanoma', Clinical Cancer Research, vol. 9, pp. 6476-6482.

Ip, K, Stuart, BH & Ray, AS 2003, 'Characterisation of weathering of Sydney sandstones in heritage building', JOurnal of Cultural Heritage, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 211-220.
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"Yellow block" sandstone, a colloquial expression used for a locally quarried variety of sandstone, has made an important contribution to the cultural and architectural heritage of Australia's largest city, Sydney. The golden colour of this dimension stone adds to the attractive appearance of a number of significant landmarks of Sydney. After almost a century of exposure, the progressive decay of the natural consolidant, which is predominantly clay, is causing deterioration of many of these sandstone buildings. While in some cases partial and total replacements have been successful in the restoration work, a proper understanding of the cause of decay of the natural consolidant is necessary if a suitable consolidant is to be developed to preserve the original blocks. This paper reports the findings of a study of the weathering behaviour of the clay matrix in "yellow block" sandstones used in some of Sydney's historic buildings. Sandstone samples were investigated by the techniques of FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and thermal analysis. The analytical results support the theory that the changes to the original kaolinite clay structure upon prolonged exposure and weathering of the sandstone blocks investigated are at least partly due to the substitution by Fe3+, for Al3+ in the octahedral sheet. (C) 2003 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.

Ismond, KP, Dolferus, R, De Pauw, M, Dennis, ES & Good, AG 2003, 'Enhanced low oxygen survival in Arabidopsis through increased metabolic flux in the fermentative pathway', PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, vol. 132, no. 3, pp. 1292-1302.
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Jermiin, LS, Ho, SYW, Ababneh, F, Robinson, J & Larkum, AWD 2003, 'Hetero: a program to simulate the evolution of DNA on a four-taxon tree.', Applied bioinformatics, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 159-163.
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We present a computer program to simulate the evolution of a nucleotide sequence on a phylogenetic tree with four tips. The program, Hetero, allows users to assign lineage-specific differences in the rate matrices used to describe the evolutionary process. It has a simple user interface and output, making it equally useful in the teaching and research of phylogenetics.

Jiang, L, Huang, Y, Hunyor, S & Dos Remedios, CG 2003, 'Cardiomyocyte apoptosis is associated with increased wall stress in chronic failing left ventricle', European Heart Journal, vol. 24, no. 8, pp. 742-751.
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Aims: We examined cardiomyocyte apoptosis in chronic heart failure (HF) and its possible link to elevated wall stress. Methods and results: Moderate HF was produced in sheep by sequential coronary microembolization. Six months later, the animals remained in a stable compensated haemodynamic state of HF. Apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in left ventricles was verified using Western blotting based on increased expression of the apoptosis-associated death receptor Fas (1.5-fold); its ligand (FasL, 2.0-fold); and an upstream protease caspase-8 (2.7-fold) as well as its active cleavage peptide, p20 (5.6-fold). Previously we have reported the elevated expression of caspase-3 in the same animal model. The occurrence of apoptotic cardiomyocytes (0.3%) was quantified by TUNEL assays. Haemodynamic analysis indicated that ventricular dilatation, without wall thickening, caused a 2-fold increase in LV wall stress which, together with LV end-diastolic pressure, was linearly correlated with expression of Fas/FasL. Immunohistochemical studies localized FasL and caspase-8 to intercalated discs, suggesting that wall stress may play a role in initiating cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Conclusion: Apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in chronic HF is associated with increased wall stress, which may be responsible for the activation of a Fas/FasL and caspase-8 interaction in the region of intercalated discs. © 2003 The European Society of Cardiology. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Johnson, CD, Balagurunathan, Y, Lu, KP, Tadesse, M, Falahatpisheh, MH, Carroll, RJ, Dougherty, ER, Afshari, CA & Ramos, KS 2003, 'Genomic profiles and predictive biological networks in oxidant-induced atherogenesis', PHYSIOLOGICAL GENOMICS, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 263-275.
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Johnson, MS, Broady, KW, Angelici, M & Johnson, AM 2003, 'The relationship between nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase (NTPase) isoform and Toxoplasma strain virulence in rat and human toxoplasmosis', Microbes and Infection, vol. 5, pp. 797-806.
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Jones, N, Kelly, M, Stoilovic, M, Lennard, CJ & Roux, CP 2003, 'The development of latent fingerprints on polymer banknotes', Journal of Forensic Identification, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 50-77.
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Polymer (plastic) banknotes have completely replaced traditional paper banknotes in Australia and New Zealand. They are also used in many other countries to varying extents. These banknotes, especially older ones and ones with aged prints, present challenges for latent fingerprint development. A preliminary study examined the effectiveness of a wide range of development techniques but none of the routine detection techniques employed were able to develop prints older than 7 days. In the present study, further research was conducted to optimize a particular development sequence. Australian polymer banknote samples were obtained from the Reserve Bank of Australia. Visual examination of the degree of wear of the printed inks was used to classify the banknotes into five wear categories. Category 1 notes were those with the least wear and category 5 notes were those notes with the most wear. The vacuum metal deposition (VMD) unit used in this research was designed and manufactured specifically for latent fingerprint development. Results show that the recommended procedure for the development of latent prints on polymer banknotes incorporates a particular sequence. The sequence involves optical examination, immediate treatment with cyanoacrylate fuming, examination of the banknote, treatment by VMD, examination and recording of developed prints using diffused reflected light, further treatment by VMD (gold and zinc), luminescent staining, and examination and recording of developed prints. The success of the procedure is affected by the wear of the individual notes. The more worn a note is the less likely good quality prints will be developed.

Jones, N, Lennard, CJ, Stoilovic, M & Roux, CP 2003, 'An evaluation of multimetal deposition II', Journal of Forensic Identification, vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 444-479.
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NA

Ju, YK, Huang, W, Jiang, L, Barden, JA & Allen, DG 2003, 'ATP modulated intracellular Ca²⁺ and firing rate through a P2Y1 purinoceptor in cane toad pacemaker cells', Journal of Physiology, vol. 552, no. 3, pp. 777-787.
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The effect of extracellular ATP (10-100 μM) on intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and firing rate has been studied in single pacemaker cells isolated from the sinus venosus of cane toads. In spontaneously firing cells, ATP initially increased peak [Ca2+]i by 43 ± 5%, increased diastolic [Ca2+]i by 20 + 3% and increased the firing rate by 58 ± 8%. These early effects were followed by a late phase in which both the peak [Ca26+]i and the firing rate declined. Adenosine, and UTP (respectively, P1- and P2Y2,4,6-selective agonists) caused no significant change in [Ca2+]i or firing rate, while αβ-methylene ATP (a P2X1,3 agonist) caused a small increase in firing rate but no changes in [Ca2+]i. In contrast the P2Y1-selective agonist 2-MesADP (1 μM) mimicked the biphasic effects of ATP and these effects were inhibited by the purinoceptor antagonists suramin and PPADS and by the P2Y1-selective antagonist MRS 2179. Immunohistochemistry established that P2Y1 purinoceptors were present on the cell surface. Western blotting analysis demonstrated that the P2Y1 antibody recognised a 57 kDa protein. After sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release was prevented with caffeine or ryanodine, ATP no longer had any effect on [Ca2+]i or firing rate. Furthermore, the SR Ca2+ store content was decreased during the late phase of 2-MesADP application. The effect of ATP was coupled to phospholipase C (PLC) activity because the PLC inhibitor U-73122 eliminated the effects of ATP. Our study shows that in toad pacemaker cells, the biphasic effects of ATP on pacemaker activity are mainly through P2Y1 purinoceptors, which are able to modulate Ca2+ release from the SR Ca2+ store.

Kahnoski, K, Khoo, SK, Nassif, N, Chen, J, Lobo, GP, Segelov, E & Teh, BT 2003, 'Alterations of the Birt-Hogg-Dube gene (BHD) in sporadic colorectal tumours', Journal of Medical Genetics, vol. 40, no. 7, pp. 511-515.
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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer diagnosed in both men and women, and the second most common cause of cancer deaths in the United States. There were approximately 150 000 new cases resulting in 57 000 deaths in 2002.1 CRC is one of the most studied cancer types and its underlying aetiology best, elucidated. Colorectal tumorigenesis involves a multistep process including genetic and epigenetic alterations of numerous CRC related genes that may act as either oncogenes or tumour suppressor genes.2-5 The majority of sporadic CRCs are characterised by deletions of large chromosomal segments, which are thought to represent the loss of wild type tumour suppressor genes.6 7 About 15% of sporadic CRCs, on the other hand, show microsatellite instability (MSI), characterised by the insertion and/or deletion of simple repeat sequences and indicative of the involvement of defective mismatch repair.

Kammann, EE & Wand, M 2003, 'Geoadditive models', Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C: Applied Statistics, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 1-18.

Kariola, R, Otway, R, Lonnqvist, KE, Raevaara, TE, Macrae, F, Vos, YJ, Kohonen-Corish, M, Hofstra, RMW & Nystrom-Lahti, M 2003, 'Two mismatch repair gene mutations found in a colon cancer patient - which one is pathogenic?', HUMAN GENETICS, vol. 112, no. 2, pp. 105-109.
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Kelly, T, Doble, P & Dawson, M 2003, 'Chiral separation of methadone, 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP) and 2-ethyl-5-methyl-3,3-diphenyl-1-pyrroline (EMDP) by capillary electrophoresis using cyclodextrin derivatives', Electrophoresis, vol. 24, no. 12-13, pp. 2106-2110.
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A stereoselective method was developed for the simultaneous determination of methadone and its two major metabolites, 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenyl-pyrrolidine (EDDP) and 2-ethyl-5-methyl-3,3-diphenyl-1-pyrroline (EMDP) by capillary electrophoresis. Five β-cyclodextrin (βCD) background electrolyte (BGE) additives were evaluated for resolution efficiency. The conditions for baseline resolution of each of the three enantiomer pairs was determined to be 1 mM heptakis-(2,6-di-O-methyl -β-cyclodextrin (DMβCD) in 100 mM phosphate at pH 2.6. This method represents the first successful method for the resolution of the six enantiomers associated with the metabolism of methadone. The utilisation of doubly coated capillaries in conjunction with βCD derivatives for a faster separation of the methadone-related enantiomers is also reported. The coated capillaries were prepared using a polycation of poly(diallyl-dimethylammonium chloride) (PDDAC) and a polyanion of dextran sulfate. Baseline resolution of the methadone enantiomers was achieved with a BGE of 8 mM (2-hydroxy propyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) in 100 mM phosphate at pH 2.6. The migration times for the stereoselective methadone separation were approximately 4 min, which represented a reduction by a factor of approximately three, compared to that attained using analogous conditions with the uncoated capillary.

Kelly, TL, Doble, PA & Dawson, M 2003, 'Chiral separation of methadone, 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrol (EDDP) and 2-ethyl-5-methyl-3,3-diphenyl-1-pyrroline (EMDP) by capillary electrophoresis using cyclodextrin derivatives', Electrophoresis, vol. 24, no. 12-13, pp. 2106-2110.
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A stereoselective method was developed for the simultaneous determination of methadone and its two major metabolites, 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP) and 2-ethyl-5-methyl-3,3-diphenyl-1-pyrroline (EMDP) by capillary electrophoresis. Five -cyclodextrin (CD) background electrolyte (BGE) additives were evaluated for resolution efficiency. The conditions for baseline resolution of each of the three enantiomer pairs was determined to be 1 mM heptakis-(2,6-di-O-methyl)--cyclodextrin (DMCD) in 100 mM phosphate at pH 2.6. This method represents the first successful method for the resolution of the six enantiomers associated with the metabolism of methadone. The utilisation of doubly coated capillaries in conjunction with CD derivatives for a faster separation of the methadone-related enantiomers is also reported. The coated capillaries were prepared using a polycation of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDAC) and a polyanion of dextran sulfate. Baseline resolution of the methadone enantiomers was achieved with a BGE of 8 mM (2-hydroxy)propyl--cyclodextrin (HPCD) in 100 mM phosphate at pH 2.6. The migration times for the stereoselective methadone separation were approximately 4 min, which represented a reduction by a factor of approximately three, compared to that attained using analogous conditions with the uncoated capillary.

Kim, I, Cohen, ND & Carroll, RJ 2003, 'Semiparametric regression splines in matched case-control studies', BIOMETRICS, vol. 59, no. 4, pp. 1158-1169.
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Kim, JK, Fillmore, JJ, Gavrilova, O, Chao, L, Higashimori, T, Choi, H, Kim, H, Yu, C, Chen, Y, Qu, X, Haluzik, M, Reitman, ML & Shulman, GI 2003, 'Differential effects of rosiglitazone on skeletal muscle and liver insulin resistance in A-ZIP/F-1 fatless mice', Diabetes, vol. 52, no. 6, pp. 1311-1318.
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Kim, JY, Hauser, R, Wand, M, Herrick, RF, Amarasiriwardena, CJ & Christiani, DC 2003, 'The association of expired nitric oxide with occupational particulate metal exposure', Environmental Research, vol. 93, no. 2, pp. 158-166.
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Kim, JY, Hauser, R, Wand, M, Herrick, RF, Houk, RS, Aeschliman, DB, Woodin, A & Christiani, DC 2003, 'Association of expired nitric oxide with urinary metal concentrations in boilermakers exposed to residual oil fly ash', American Journal of Industrial Medicine, vol. 44, no. 5, pp. 458-466.

Kim, JY, Wand, M, Hauser, R, Mukherjee, S, Herrick, RF & Christiani, DC 2003, 'Association of expired nitric oxide with occupational particulate exposure', Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. 111, no. 4, pp. 472-477.
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Kim, JY, Wand, MP, Hauser, R, Mukherjee, S, Herrick, RF & Christiani, DC 2003, 'Association of expired nitric oxide with occupational particulate exposure', Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. 111, no. 5, pp. 676-680.
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Particulate air pollution has been associated with adverse respiratory health effects. This study assessed the utility of expired nitric oxide to detect acute airway responses to metal-containing fine particulates. Using a repeated-measures study design, we investigated the association between the fractional concentration of expired nitric oxide (FENO) and exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic mass median diameter of ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) in boilermakers exposed to residual oil fly ash and metal fumes. Subjects were monitored for 5 days during boiler repair overhauls in 1999 (n = 20 or 2000 (n = 14). The Wilcoxon median baseline FENO was 10.6 ppb [95% confidence interval (CI): 9.1, 12.7] in 1999 and 7.4 ppb (95% CI: 6.7, 8.0) in 2000. The Wilcoxon median PM2.5 8-hr time-weighted average was 0.56 mg/m3 (95% CI: 0.37, 0.93) in 1999 and 0.86 mg/m3 (95% CI: 0.65, 1.07) in 2000. FENO levels during the work week were significantly lower than baseline FENO in 1999 (p < 0.001). A significant inverse exposure-response relationship between log-transformed FENO and the previous workday's PM2.5 concentration was found in 1999, after adjusting for smoking status, age, and sampling year. With each 1 mg/m3 incremental increase in PM2.5 exposure, log FENO decreased by 0.24 (95% CI: -0.38, -0.10) in 1999. The lack of an exposure-response relationship between PM2.5 exposure and FENO in 2000 could be attributable to exposure misclassification resulting from the use of respirators. In conclusion, occupational exposure to metal-containing fine particulates was associated with significant decreases in FENO in a survey of workers with limited respirator usage.

King, NJ, Heyne, D, Tonge, BJ, Mullen, P, Myerson, N, Rollings, S & Ollendick, TH 2003, 'Sexually abused children suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder: Assessment and treatment strategies', Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 2-12.
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Child sexual abuse is a highly prevalent problem that frequently occasions the onset of post-traumatic stress disorder in the victimized youngster. This selective review addresses recent advances in the assessment and treatment of sexually abused children with post-traumatic stress disorder. Firstly, we outline the diagnostic criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder and significant moderating variables in the development of post-traumatic stress disorder. Secondly, we address the clinical assessment of post-traumatic stress disorder in sexually abused children, recommending a developmentally sensitive, multi-informant approach. Thirdly, we consider a family-wide cognitive-behavioural treatment framework for sexually abused children with post-traumatic stress disorder that involves both child and non-offending caregivers. Fourthly, we examine the results of recent evaluation studies supportive of cognitive-behavioural therapy in the treatment of sexually abused children. Lastly, we consider conclusions for clinical practice and directions for future research. © 2003 Taylor & Francis.

Kipnis, V, Subar, AF, Midthune, D, Freedman, LS, Ballard-Barbash, R, Troiano, RP, Bingham, S, Schoeller, DA, Schatzkin, A & Carroll, RJ 2003, 'Structure of dietary measurement error: Results of the OPEN biomarker study', AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, vol. 158, no. 1, pp. 14-21.
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Klanten, SO, van Herwerden, L & Choat, JH 2003, 'Acquiring reef fish DNA sequences from formalin-fixed museum specimens', BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, vol. 73, no. 3, pp. 771-776.

Konstantinov, K, Wang, G, Yao, J, Liu, HK & Dou, SX 2003, 'Stoichiometry-controlled high-performance LiCoO2 electrode materials prepared by a spray solution technique', Journal of Power Sources, vol. 119-121, pp. 195-200.
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Konstantinov, K, Wang, J, Bewlay, S, Wang, G, Liu, HK, Dou, SX & Ahn, J 2003, 'Spray pyrolysis technique for fabrication of nano-sized spherical agglomerated oxide powders for batteries', Journal of Metastable and Nanocrystalline Materials, vol. 15-16, pp. 325-330.
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Application of the spray pyrolysis technique to in-situ fabrication ofnano-featured spherical oxide matcrials has been explored in this paper. Two different nano-featured single-phase materials for battery use, namely LiCOOl and PbO, were successfully prepared in spherical form. The diameters of the spheres are in the range of a few microns, generally 1-10 microns, and there is a narrow Gaussian particle size distribution. The diameter size can be controlled by the size of the spray nozzle and the concentration of the solution. The spherical agglomerates appear to consist of nano-particles, each one with dimensions of 20-50 run. The specific surface areas of these materials are several times higher than for the corresponding commercially available powders. The stoichiometry of the LiCoO, powders thus obtained was controlled by the ICP tcchnique in order to achieve the dcsired Li:Co = 1:1 ratio in the sintered materials. The materials prepared by the spray pyrolysis technique appear to be promising for battery use.

Kravtsov, YA, Apresyan, LA, Asatryan, AA, Chrzanowski, JH & Kirkiewicz, J 2003, 'Range dependent radiation leakage from thin scattering columns due to multiple small angle scatter', Optica Applicata, vol. 33, no. 2-3, pp. 293-305.
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The phenomenon of range dependent radiation leakage from thin random columns caused by small angle multiple scatter is analysed. On the basis of modified Born approximation (Ishimaru, 1978; Apresyan and Kravtsov, 1996), it is shown that extinction coefficient, describing energy leakage due to multiple scatter on large (as compared to wavelength) inhomogeneities, first increases proportionally to distance z1/2 and then saturates on the level which might significantly exceed conventional extinction coefficient, connected with large angle light scatter on small inhomogeneities. The effect might be observed in many physical systems, for example, in a tube filled with water emulsion or suspension, containing small and large particles. The phenomenon may be helpful in distinguishing the contribution of small and large inhomogeneities to total extinction.

Krishna, G, Schulte, J, Cornell, BA, Pace, RJ & Osman, PD 2003, 'Tethered bilayer membranes containing ionic reservoirs: Selectivity and conductance', Langmuir, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 2294-2305.
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Ion channels, such as gramicidin A, selectively facilitate the transport of ions across biological and synthetic membranes. The conductance properties of ion channels are frequently characterized in synthetic bilayer lipid membranes (BLMs). The instability of BLMs has seriously limited the range of applications for these structures, and tethered bilayer lipid membranes (tBLMs) have addressed the problem through tethering many of the membrane components to a solid surface. In the present study, thin gold substrates have been used to tether thiol- and disulfide-terminated membrane components to form a tBLM electrode to provide a reservoir for ions. This study reports on the ion selectivity and apparent permeability of gramicidin channels in such tethered bilayer membranes. The investigations using electrical impedance spectroscopy indicated that the magnitude of ionic conductance varies substantially in reservoirs with different chemical structures.

Lal, S & Craig, AR 2003, 'Electroencephalography And Psychological Associations With Driver Fatigue', Australian Journal Of Psychology, vol. 55, pp. 21-22.
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NA

Lal, S, Craig, AR, Boord, PR, Kirkup, L & Nguyen, HT 2003, 'Development of an algorithm for an EEG-based driver fatigue countermeasure', Journal Of Safety Research, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 321-328.
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Langdon, SM, Maynard, PJ, Robertson, J & Roux, CP 2003, 'An evaluation of the Maxcan fibre finder version 3.3 on cotton fibres', Forensic Science International, vol. 135, no. 2, pp. 137-145.
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The Maxcan fibre finder system is a product of Cox Analytical Systems, Sweden, and has been developed for the primary purpose of searching for fibres on tape lifts. This paper evaluates the ability of the Maxcan system to search for different fibre types and colours under varying conditions. The system performed effectively in most situations, although it did have problems with some search combinations that a human operator would also find difficult in a manual search. The Maxcan system has the added advantages of being objective, consistent and able to do large batch searches unattended. These attributes make it very useful where a large number of tapes need to be searched in casework and also in research where large quantities of data need to be gathered within a reasonable time.

Langtry, T, Botten, LC, Asatryan, AA & McPhedran, RC 2003, 'Monte Carlo modelling of imperfections in two-dimensional photonic crystals', Mathematics And Computers In Simulation, vol. 62, no. 3-6, pp. 385-393.
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In this paper we describe a Monte Carlo simulation of imperfections in photonic crystals, a new class of materials with optical properties that offer promise in a range of potential applications in the areas of information and communications technology. We describe the relevant physical and structural properties of these materials and outline the derivation of a theoretical model. We then present a Monte Carlo investigation of the tolerance of these materials to fabrication defects.

Langtry, T, Coupland, MP & Moore, BJ 2003, 'Mathematica in context', International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science & Technology, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 699-718.
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Langtry, TN, Asatryan, AA, Botten, LC, De Sterke, CM, McPhedran, RC & Robinson, PA 2003, 'Effects of disorder in two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguides', Physical Review E - Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics, vol. 68, no. 2 2.
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The effects of disorder on the waveguiding properties of two-dimensional photonic crystals were studied. The guide was excited by a line source parallel to the cylinders, located close to the entry of the guide. The resulting field intensity and local density of states (LDOS) were calculated using a highly accurate multipole method. Quantitative results characterizing the effects of fabrication defects for a TM-polarized field were obtained by Monte Carlo simulation.

Langtry, TN, Asatryan, AA, Botten, LC, de Sterke, CM, McPhedran, RC & Robinson, PA 2003, 'Effects of disorder in two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguides', PHYSICAL REVIEW E, vol. 68, no. 2.
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Lapine, M, Gorkunov, M & Ringhofer, KH 2003, 'Nonlinearity of a metamaterial arising from diode insertions into resonant conductive elements', Physical Review E - Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics, vol. 67, no. 6 2.
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It was demonstrated that with the help of simple electronic components, it was possible to construct a metamaterial which possesses nonlinear response. It was shown how the macroscopic properties of this material can be controlled by the characteristics of the structure elements, their arrangement, and the properties of nonlinear insertions. Thus, various processes known in nonlinear optics may be performed in the microwave range with the help of the proposed metamaterial.

Lapine, M, Gorkunov, M & Ringhofer, KH 2003, 'Nonlinearity of a metamaterial arising from diode insertions into resonant conductive elements', PHYSICAL REVIEW E, vol. 67, no. 6.
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Larkum, A, Koch, EW & Kuhl, M 2003, 'Diffusive boundary layers and photosynthesis of the epilithic algal community of coral reefs', Marine Biology, vol. 142, no. 5, pp. 1073-1082.
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The effects of mass transfer resistance due to the presence of a diffusive boundary layer on the photosynthesis of the epilithic algal community (EAC) of a coral reef were studied. Photosynthesis and respiration of the EAC of dead coral surfaces were investigated for samples from two locations: the Gulf of Aqaba, Eilat (Israel), and One Tree Reef on the Great Barrier Reef (Australia). Microsensors were used to measure O2 and pH at the EAC surface and above. Oxygen profiles in the light and dark indicated a diffusive boundary layer (DBL) thickness of 180590 ?m under moderate flow (~0.08 m s-1) and >2,000 ?m under quasi-stagnant conditions. Under light saturation the oxygen concentration at the EAC surface rose within a few minutes to 200550% air saturation levels under moderate flow and to 600700% under quasi-stagnant conditions. High maximal rates of net photosynthesis of 825 mmol O2 m-2 h-1 were calculated from measured O2 concentration gradients, and dark respiration was 1.33.3 mmol O2 m-2 h-1. From lightdark shifts, the maximal rates of gross photosynthesis at the EAC surface were calculated to be 16.5 nmol O2 cm-3 s-1. Irradiance at the onset of saturation of photosynthesis, Ek, was <100 µmol photons m-2 s-1, indicating that the EAC is a shade-adapted community. The pH increased from 8.2 in the bulk seawater to 8.9 at the EAC surface, suggesting that very little carbon in the form of CO2 occurs at the EAC surface. Thus the major source of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) must be in the form of HCO3-. Estimates of DIC fluxes across the DBL indicate that, throughout most of the daytime under in situ conditions, DIC is likely to be a major limiting factor for photosynthesis and therefore also for primary production and growth of the EAC.

Larkum, AWD 2003, 'Contributions of henrik lundegårdh.', Photosynthesis research, vol. 76, no. 1-3, pp. 105-110.
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Henrik Lundegårdh made major contributions in the field of ecology and plant physiology from 1912 to 1969. His early work at Hallands Väderö in the Kattegat pioneered quantitative approaches to plant ecology and laid the understanding of carbon dioxide exchange in natural communities which is still useful today in global carbon accounting. Very early on in this work he invented the flame photometer. In trying to understand salt respiration of plants, he started to formulate hypotheses for the relationship between respiration and ion movement, including protons, hypotheses that were forerunners to the Chemiosmotic Hypothesis of Peter Mitchell. Necessarily, this involved work on plant cytochromes. He invented several early recording spectrophotometers and made many early discoveries in the field of plant cytochromes, including the photo-oxidation of cytochrome f in photosynthesis.

Larkum, AWD, Koch, EMW & Kuhl, M 2003, 'Diffusive boundary layers and photosynthesis of the epilithic algal community of coral reefs', MARINE BIOLOGY, vol. 142, no. 6, pp. 1073-1082.
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Leigh, A & Nicotra, A 2003, 'Sexual dimorphism in reproductive allocation and water use efficiency in Maireana pyramidata (Chenopodiaceae), a dioecious, semi-arid shrub', Australian Journal Of Botany, vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 509-514.
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Sexual dimorphism in dioecious plant species is widely attributed to the differential impacts of reproduction on male v. female plants. We investigated sexual dimorphism in reproductive, morphological and physiological traits of Maireana pyramidata (Benth.) Paul G.Wilson (Chenopodiaceae), a dioecious, semi-arid shrub endemic to Australia. We estimated reproductive allocation for each sex by calculating the relative biomass allocated to flowers and fruits per gram of leaf tissue, based on one branch per sample plant. Morphological measurements included leaf mass, stem mass, specific leaf area, plant height and plant leaf area index. We also measured leaf nitrogen and chlorophyll, gas exchange and ?13C. Reproductive allocation was nine times greater in females than in males. No significant difference between the sexes in photosynthetic rate or transpiration could be detected but instantaneous water use efficiency (photosynthesis/transpiration) was significantly lower in females than in males during the fruiting period. ?13C did not differ between the sexes. The results indicate that greater reproductive allocation in females has an immediate impact on their capacity for conservative water use but does not lead to long-term differences in water use efficiency.

Leitch, EC, Fergusson, CL & Henderson, BA 2003, 'Arc to craton provenance switching in a late palaeozoic subduction complex, Wandilla ad shoalwater terranes, New England fold best, eastern Australia', Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, vol. 50, no. 6, pp. 919-929.
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The Wandilla and Shoalwater terranes of the northern New England Fold Belt are accretionary subduction complexes formed during the Carboniferous at the convergent plate boundary that extended along the eastern edge of Palaeozoic Gondwana. Sandstones from the Wandilla terrane are quartz-poor and quartz-intermediate lithic or feldspathic volcanic sandstones that were derived principally from the associated magmatic arc, whereas those of the Shoalwater terrane are quartz-rich and were sourced from a cratonic region dominated by low-grade metamorphic and granitic rocks.The location of the Shoalwater source cannot be determined unambiguously but probably was situated to the north with detritus supplied longitudinally to the convergent plate boundary. At that time arc-derived sediment was confined to the forearc basin behind an outer arc ridge, the physiographic manifestation of the accreted rocks of the Wandilla terrane. The tectonic situation may have been similar to that of the present-day Lesser Antilles subduction system where quartzose sediment carried down the Orinoco River is transported northward and incorporated into the Barbados Ridge subduction complex.

Lenzen, M, Murray, SA, Korte, B & Dey, CJ 2003, 'Environmental impact assessment including indirect effects - a case study using input - output analysis', Environmental Impact Assessment Review, vol. 23, pp. 263-282.

Leslie, LM & Speer, MS 2003, 'Comment on modelling a coastal ridging event over south-eastern Australia', METEOROLOGICAL APPLICATIONS, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 293-294.
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Leslie, LM & Speer, MS 2003, 'Prediction of extreme rainfall for the Coffs Harbour catchment', AUSTRALIAN METEOROLOGICAL MAGAZINE, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 95-100.

Levey, FC, Cortie, MB & Cornish, LA 2003, 'Determination of the 76 wt.% Au section of the Al-Au-Cu phase diagram', Journal Of Alloys And Compounds, vol. 354, no. 1-2, pp. 171-180.
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The substitution of Al for Cu along the 76 wt.% Au section of the Al-Au-Cu system causes the phase of the Au-Cu edge to be successively replaced by a ternary electron compound, a ternary extension of the Cu-Al electron compound, designated here as ', and finally the compound AuAl2. A vertical section of this part of the phase diagram has been determined and is presented here, and the relationships between the phases explored. It is considered likely that the section contains the peritectic reactions L+-> and L+'->. Both the and the phases form ordered phases at lower temperatures.

Li, L, Gu, H & Chen, J 2003, 'Insertion heuristic algorithm in complex PDPTW problem', Jisuanji Gongcheng/Computer Engineering, vol. 29, no. 16, p. 65.

Li, Y, Ryan, L, Bellamy, S & Satten, GA 2003, 'Inference on clustered survival data using imputed frailties', JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND GRAPHICAL STATISTICS, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 640-662.
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Li, Y, Ryan, LM, Bellamy, S & Satten, GA 2003, 'Inference on clustered survival data using imputed frailties', Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 1-24.
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This article proposes a new method for fitting frailty models to clustered survival data that is intermediate between the fully parametric and nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation approaches. A parametric form is assumed for the baseline hazard, but only for the purpose of imputing the unobserved frailties. The regression coefficients are then estimated by solving an estimating equation that is the average of the partial likelihood score with respect to the conditional distribution of frailties given the observed data. We prove consistency and asymptotic normality of the resulting estimators and give associated closed-form estimators of their variance. The algorithm is easy to implement and reduces to the ordinary Cox partial likelihood approach when the frailties have a degenerate distribution. Simulations indicate high efficiency and robustness of the resulting estimates. We apply our new approach to a study with clustered survival data on asthma in children in east Boston.

Liang, H, Wu, HL & Carroll, RJ 2003, 'The relationship between virologic and immunologic responses in AIDS clinical research using mixed-effects varying-coefficient models with measurement error', BIOSTATISTICS, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 297-312.
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Lindsay, MJ, Wang, G & Liu, HK 2003, 'Al-based anode materials for Li-ion batteries', Journal of Power Sources, vol. 119-121, pp. 84-87.
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Littleton, HL & Ollendick, T 2003, 'Negative body image and disordered eating behavior in children and adolescents: What places youth at risk and how can these problems be prevented?', CLINICAL CHILD AND FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 51-66.
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Liu, GJ, Simpson, AM, Swan, MA, Tao, C, Tuch, BE, Crawford, RM, Jovanovic, A & Martin, DK 2003, 'ATP-sensitive potassium channels induced in liver cells after transfection with insulin cDNA and the GLUT 2 transporter regulate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.', The FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, vol. 17, no. 12, pp. 1682-1684.
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As part of our research into the liver-directed gene therapy of Type I diabetes, we have engineered a human hepatoma cell line (HEPG2ins/g cells) to store and secrete insulin to a glucose stimulus. The aim of the present study was to determine whether HEPG2ins/g cells respond to glucose via signaling pathways that depend on ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP). Using patch-clamp electrophysiology with symmetrical KCl solutions, the single-channel conductance of KATP was 61pS. KATP was inhibited by ATP (1 mM) or cAMP (50 microM) applied to the cytosolic side of the membrane. Single KATP channels and macroscopic whole-cell currents were inhibited by glucose (20 mM) and glibenclamide (20 microM) and were activated by diazoxide (150 microM). Immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis confirmed the presence of Kir6.2 KATP channel subunit protein in HEPG2ins/g and HEPG2ins cells. Using radioimmunoassay techniques, we report that exposure of the cells to tolbutamide (100 microM) resulted in an increase in insulin secretion from 0.3 +/- 0.05 to 1.8 +/- 0.2 pmol insulin/10(6) cells and glibenclamide (20 microM) from 0.4 +/- 0.06 to 2.1 +/- 0.3 (n=4), similar to what is seen on glucose (20 mM) stimulation. Diazoxide (150 microM) completely inhibited glucose-stimulated insulin release. Glucose 20 mM and glibenclamide 100 microM increased intracellular Ca2+ level in the HEPG2ins/g cells. However, glucose 20 mM did not stimulate a rise in intracellular Ca2+ in the un-transfected parent cell-line HEPG2. We used confocal microscopy to confirm that glucose (20 mM) stimulated the release of insulin from the fluorescently labeled secretion granules in the cells. Furthermore, glibenclamide (20 microM) also stimulated the release of insulin from fluorescently labeled secretion granules, and diazoxide (150 microM) blocked that stimulated release of insulin. Our results suggest that HEPG2ins/g cells respond to glucose via signaling pathways that depend on KATP, similar to a norm...

Liu, GJ, Simpson, AM, Swan, MA, Tao, CZ, Tuch, BE, Crawford, RM, Jovanovic, A & Martin, DK 2003, 'ATP-sensitive potassium channels induced in liver cells after transfection with insulin cDNA and the GLUT2 transporter regulate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion', Faseb Journal, vol. 17, no. 10, pp. 1-21.
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Liu, J, Zhou, X & Yu, Q 2003, 'Numerical analysis of the source-sink alternation of composite global warming potential of the paddy ecosystem in the Yangtze Delta', Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 385-396.
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By coupling the biogeochemical model With plant ecological model, a model Was established to reveal the principle of the composite global warming potential transformation in the paddy ecosystem. Validation of the model with the observed data indicated that,the model can simulate both the crop growth processes and emissions of CH4, and N2O accurately. Some numerical analyses were made to identify the impacts of different fertilizer application on assimilation Of CO2 and emissions of CH4 and N2O, and the transformation principle of the composite global warming potential. Based on the results of the numerical analysis, the source-sink alternation of composite global warming potential in the paddy ecosystem was discovered, and some new conceptions of fertilizer index such as maximum-sink fertilizer, zero-emission fertilizer are put forward in this paper. The fertilizer scheme for Yangtze Delta was proposed to provide the important scientific basis for a sustainable agriculture in this region.

Liu, J, Zhou, X & Yu, Q 2003, 'Numerical simulation of the influence of O3, CO2 and spectrum variation on the photosynthesis of crop canopy', Acta Meteorologica Sinica, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 428-439.
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Coupled the photosynthesis with transpiration and adjustment of stoma, a dynamic ecological model for simulating the canopy photosynthesis of winter wheat was established by scaling up from the biochemical scale to canopy scale, in which the effects of O3, CO2 and solar spectrum on crop photosynthesis were fully considered. Validation of the model against the data measured with CI-301PS portable photosynthesis analyzer showed that the leaf photosynthesis model passed the correlation significance test and had a fairly high accuracy. Numerical analysis showed that the canopy photosynthesis rate would be reduced by 29% if the O3 concentration increases from 0 ppbv to 200 ppbv, whereas the canopy photosynthesis rate would increase by about 37% while the CO2 concentration increases from 330 ppmv to 660 ppmv, and the canopy photosynthesis rate would be reduced by 27% or so under the condition that the spectrum coefficient changed from 0. 5 to 0. 4. If the O3 concentration reached 200 ppbv at noon on the typical sunny day with higher radiation, the canopy photosynthesis will be reduced slightly in the suburb area where the pollution is serious and the photochemical fog is easy to be formed, contrast with that in the clear region and regardless of the climate change, due to the fact that the positive effect of CO2 on crop photosynthesis can not compensate the negative effect Of O3 on crop photosynthesis. The canopy photosynthesis will be reduced by 35% or so than the BASE value at present, when the spectrum of photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) reduces to 0. 4 or so.

Liu, S, Leslie, L, Speer, M, Bunker, R & Morison, R 2003, 'Approaching realistic soil moisture status with an improved mesoscale numerical weather prediction model', IAHS-AISH Publication, no. 282, pp. 315-320.
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An advanced soil moisture scheme (Richards) is coupled to a high resolution numerical weather prediction model (HIRES) replacing the original Force-Restore scheme and changing other related processes. The new scheme now provides HIRES with an upper and lower bound for soil moisture through a process of checking model precipitation that is used to calculate soil moisture. A comparison of HIRES model results is presented using the new and original soil moisture schemes applied to the Goulburn River catchment in southeastern Australia. It is shown that precipitation is the most important factor to be considered before introducing an advanced scheme to correctly simulate soil moisture. It is also shown that, based on the correct precipitation input, the Richards scheme provides a more realistic soil moisture profile. Improving model soil moisture will ultimately provide better estimates of forest fire danger indices used as guidance by weather forecasters in assessing bushfire risk.

Lohstroh, PN, Chen, J, Ba, J, Ryan, LM, Xu, X, Overstreet, JW & Lasley, BL 2003, 'Bone resorption is affected by follicular phase length in female rotating shift workers.', Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. 111, no. 4, pp. 618-622.
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Stressors as subtle as night work or shift work can lead to irregular menstrual cycles, and changes in reproductive hormone profiles can adversely affect bone health. This study was conducted to determine if stresses associated with the disruption of regular work schedule can induce alterations in ovarian function which, in turn, are associated with transient bone resorption. Urine samples from 12 rotating shift workers from a textile mill in Anqing, China, were collected in 1996-1998 during pairs of sequential menstrual cycles, of which one was longer than the other (28.4 vs. 37.4 days). Longer cycles were characterized by a prolonged follicular phase. Work schedules during the luteal-follicular phase transition (LFPT) preceding each of the two cycles were evaluated. All but one of the shorter cycles were associated with regular, forward phase work shift progression during the preceding LFPT. In contrast, five longer cycles were preceded by a work shift interrupted either by an irregular shift or a number of "off days." Urinary follicle-stimulating hormone levels were reduced in the LFPT preceding longer cycles compared with those in the LFPT preceding shorter cycles. There was greater bone resorption in the follicular phase of longer cycles than in that of shorter cycles, as measured by urinary deoxypyridinoline. These data confirm reports that changes in work shift can lead to irregularity in menstrual cycle length. In addition, these data indicate that there may be an association between accelerated bone resorption in menstrual cycles and changes of regularity in work schedule during the preceding LFPT.

Lutherborrow, M, Simpson, AM & Tuch, BE 2003, 'Microarray Analysis Of A Beta Cell Surrogate: The Insulin Producing Liver Cell Line Hep G2ins/g', Journal Of Gene Medicine, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 1-2.
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Macfarlane, GR, Pulkownik, A & Burchett, M 2003, 'Accumulation and distribution of heavy metals in the grey mangrove, Avicennia marina (Forsk.)Vierh.: biological indication potential', Environmental Pollution, vol. 123, no. 1, pp. 139-151.
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Macinnis-Ng, CM & Ralph, PJ 2003, 'In situ impact of petrochemicals on the photosynthesis of the seagrass Zostera capricorni', Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 46, no. 11, pp. 1395-1407.
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Macinnis-Ng, CM & Ralph, PJ 2003, 'Short-term response and recovery of Zostera capricorni photosynthesis after herbicide exposure', Aquatic Botany, vol. 76, no. 1, pp. 1-15.
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Maharaj, F, McDonagh, AM, Scudder, M, Craig, DC & Dance, I 2003, 'Crystal packing principles for ferrocenyl groups linked by polyyne chains: dimorphism of Fc-C4-Fc', CrystEngComm, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 305-309.
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The crystal structure and packing of a new dimorph ( 2B) of 1,4-diferrocenyl-1,3-butadiyne (Fc-C4-Fc, 2) is described and analysed, and compared with the different crystal packing of dimorph 2A. This analysis is made in the context of the polymorphic crystal packing of ferrocene ( 1), and the crystal packing of 1,8-diferrocenyl-octatetrayne, Fc-C4-Fc. In 2B the packing is layered, allowing the Fc groups to be organised in approximately square arrays of well-developed edge-to-face (EF) motifs, very similar to the arrangement in the monoclinic and triclinic polymorphs of ferrocene. The C4 chains are sandwiched between the Fc layers in 2B. The same molecule in 2A is packed with some offset-face-to-face (OFF) motifs between Fc groups, and with a motif in which C4 chains occupy the grooves between cyclopentadienyl rings of Fc. In FcC8Fc the packing is dominated by the C8 chains, surrounded by six molecules, two of which present cyclopentadienyl faces to the C8 chain, and four present the groove in the ferrocenyl group, with no EF or OFF motifs. In this progression of structure types and intermolecular motifs for molecules Fc-Cn-Fc, the members with C4 occur at the transition between the ferrocenyl dominant intermolecular motifs and the Cn chain dominant features. Dimorph 2A is like the longer chain structure, while 2B is like ferrocene.

Mallinckrodt, CH, Clark, WS, Carroll, RJ & Molenberghs, G 2003, 'Assessing response profiles from incomplete longitudinal clinical trial data under regulatory considerations', Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 179-190.
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Treatment effects are often evaluated by comparing change over time in outcome measures. However, valid analyses of longitudinal data can be problematic, particularly when some data are missing for reasons related to the outcome. In choosing the primary analysis for confirmatory clinical trials, regulatory agencies have for decades favored the last observation carried forward (LOCF) approach for imputing missing values. Many advances in statistical methodology, and also in our ability to implement those methods, have been made in recent years. The characteristics of data from acute phase clinical trials can be exploited to develop an appropriate analysis for assessing response profiles in a regulatory setting. These data characteristics and regulatory considerations will be reviewed. Approaches for handling missing data are compared along with options for modeling time effects and correlations between repeated measurements. Theory and empirical evidence are utilized to support the proposal that likelihood-based mixed-effects model repeated measures (MMRM) approaches, based on the missing at random assumption, provide superior control of Type I and Type II errors when compared with the traditional LOCF approach, which is based on the more restrictive missing completely at random assumption. It is further reasoned that in acute phase clinical trials, unstructured modeling of time trends and within-subject error correlations may be preferred.

Mallinckrodt, CH, Sanger, TM, Dubé, S, DeBrota, DJ, Molenberghs, G, Carroll, RJ, Potter, WZ & Tollefson, GD 2003, 'Assessing and interpreting treatment effects in longitudinal clinical trials with missing data', Biological Psychiatry, vol. 53, no. 8, pp. 754-760.
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Treatment effects are often evaluated by comparing change over time in outcome measures; however, valid analyses of longitudinal data can be problematic, particularly if some data are missing. For decades, the last observation carried forward (LOCF) approach has been a common method of handling missing data. Considerable advances in statistical methodology and our ability to implement those methods have been made in recent years. Thus, it is appropriate to reconsider analytic approaches for longitudinal data. This review examines the following from a clinical perspective: 1) the characteristics of missing data that influence analytic choices; 2) the attributes of common methods of handling missing data; and 3) the use of the data characteristics and the attributes of the various methods, along with empirical evidence, to develop a robust approach for the analysis and interpretation of data from longitudinal clinical trials. We propose that, in many settings, the primary efficacy analysis should use a repeated measures, likelihood-based, mixed-effects modeling approach, with LOCF used as a secondary, composite measure of efficacy, safety, and tolerability. We illustrate how repeated-measures analyses can be used to enhance decision-making, and we review the caveats that remain regarding the use of LOCF as a composite measure. © 2003 Society of Biological Psychiatry.

Marsh, DJ, Theodosopoulos, G, Martin-Schulte, K, Richardson, AL, Philips, J, Roher, HD, Delbridge, L & Robinson, BG 2003, 'Genome-wide copy number imbalances identified in familial and sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma', JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM, vol. 88, no. 4, pp. 1866-1872.
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Marsh, DJ, Theodosopoulos, G, Martin-Schulte, K, Richardson, AL, Philips, J, Röher, HD, Delbridge, L & Robinson, BG 2003, 'Genome-wide copy number imbalances identified in familial and sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma', Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, vol. 88, no. 4, pp. 1866-1872.
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Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a malignant tumor of the calcitonin-secreting parafollicular C cells of the thyroid occurring sporadically and as a component of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2/familial medullary thyroid carcinoma syndrome. The primary genetic cause of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 is germline mutation of the RET protooncogene. Somatic point mutations in RET also occur in sporadic MTC. Although RET mutation is likely sufficient to cause C-cell hyperplasia, the precursor lesion to MTC, tumor progression is thought to be due to clonal expansion caused by the accumulation of somatic events. Using the genome-scanning technique comparative genomic hybridization, we identified chromosomal imbalances that occur in MTC including deletions of chromosomes 1p, 3q26.3-q27, 4, 9q13-q22, 13q, and 22q and amplifications of chromosome 19. These regions house known tumor suppressor genes as well as genes encoding subunits of the multicomponent complex of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked proteins (glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family receptors α-2-4) and their ligands glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, neurturin, persephin, and artemin that facilitate RET dimerization and downstream signaling. Chromosomal imbalances in the MTC cell line TT were largely identical to those identified in primary MTC tumors, consolidating its use as a model for studying MTC.

Massonnet, G, Buzzini, P, Jochem, G, Staube, M, Coyle, T, Roux, CP, Thomas, J & Leijenhorst, H 2003, 'Evaluation Of Raman Spectroscopy For The Analysis Of Coloured Fibres: A Collaborative Study', Forensic Science International, vol. 136, pp. 124-124.
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Matic, JN, Wilton, JL, Towers, RJ, Scarman, AL, Minion, FC, Walker, MJ & Djordjevic, SP 2003, 'The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae contains a novel lipoyl domain arrangement', GENE, vol. 319, pp. 99-106.
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Matic, JN, Wilton, JL, Towers, RJ, Scarmann, AL, Minion, F, Walker, M & Djordjevic, SP 2003, 'The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae contains a novel lipoyl domain arrangement', Gene, vol. 319, pp. 99-106.
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The genes encoding the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex (pdhA, pdhB, pdhC and pdhD) from Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae have been cloned and sequenced. The genes are arranged into two operons, designated pdhAB and pdhCD, which are not found together in the chromosome. The pdhA, pdhB, pdhC and pdhD genes encode proteins of predicted molecular masses of 44.2 kDa (pyruvate dehydrogenase major subunit; E1?), 36.6 kDa (pyruvate dehydrogenase minor subunit; E1?), 33.1 kDa (dihydrolipoyl acetyltransferase; E2) and 66.3 kDa (dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase; E3), respectively. Sequence analysis of the pdhCD operon revealed the presence of a lipoyl-binding domain in pdhD but not in pdhC. The lipoyl domain is believed to act as a swinging arm that spans the gaps between the catalytic domains of each of the subunits. Portions of the N-terminal regions of pdhA and pdhD were expressed as 6×His-tag fusion proteins in Escherichia coli and purified by nickel affinity chromatography. The purified proteins were used to raise antibodies in rabbits, and Western blot analysis was performed with the polyclonal rabbit antiserum. Both the pdhA and pdhD genes were expressed among various strains of M. hyopneumoniae as well as the porcine mycoplasmas, Mycoplasma hyorhinis and Mycoplasma flocculare. Southern hybridisation analysis using probes from pdhA and pdhD detected one copy of each gene in the chromosome of M. hyopneumoniae. Since previous studies have shown pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in M. hyopneumoniae [J. Gen. Microbiol. 134 (1988) 791], it appears likely that a functional lipoyl-binding domain in the N terminus of PdhC is not an absolute prerequisite for pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme activity. We hypothesise that the lipoyl-binding domain of PdhD is performing the enzymatic function normally attributed to the PdhC lipoyl-binding domain in other organisms.

McArthur, JD, West, NP, Cole, JN, Jungnitz, H, Guzman, CA, Chin, J, Lehrbach, P, Djordjevic, SP & Walker, M 2003, 'An aromatic amino acid auxotrophic mutant of Bordetella bronchiseptica is attenuated and immunogenic in a mouse model of infection', FEMS Microbiology Letters, vol. 221, pp. 7-16.
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We have constructed an aromatic amino acid auxotrophic mutant of Bordetella bronchiseptica, harbouring mutations in aroA and trpE to investigate the use of such a strain as a live-attenuated vaccine. B. bronchiseptica aroA trpE was unable to grow in minimal medium without aromatic supplementation. Compared to the parental wild-type strain, the mutant displayed significantly reduced abilities to invade and survive within the mouse macrophage-like cell line J774A.1 in vitro and in the murine respiratory tract following experimental intranasal infection. Mice vaccinated with B. bronchiseptica aroA trpE displayed significant dose-dependent increases in B. bronchiseptica-specific antibody responses, and exhibited increases in the number of B. bronchiseptica-reactive spleen cells in lymphoproliferation assays. Immunised animals were protected against lung colonisation after challenge with the wild-type parental strain. With such a broad host range displayed by B. bronchiseptica, the attenuated strain constructed in this study may not only be used for the prevention of B. bronchiseptica-associated disease, but also for the potential delivery of heterologous antigen.

McClean, MA, Matheson, MJ, McKay, K, Johnson, PRA, Rynell, AC, Ammit, AJ, Black, JL & Berend, N 2003, 'Low lung volume alters contractile properties of airway smooth muscle in sheep', EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 50-56.
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McDonagh, AM, Clays, K, Persoons, A, Asselberghs, I, Ward, MD & McCleverty, JA 2003, 'In situ reversible electrochemical switching of the molecular first hyperpolarizability', Chemical Physics Letters, vol. 368, no. 3-4, pp. 408-411.
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In situ reversible electrochemical switching of the molecular second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) polarizability, or first hyperpolarizability, has been implemented in a specially designed cell. The redox-switchable NLO chromophore is based on the octamethylferrocene/octamethylferrocenium redox system as electron-donor (D) group, in conjunction with nitrothiophene as the electron-acceptor (A) group and ethenyl as the ?-conjugation bridge. This D?A chromophore has been shown to exhibit reversible redox switching of its linear and nonlinear optical properties. The importance and potential of this electrochemical switching of the first hyperpolarizability is discussed in the context of current and future applications of second-order NLO effects.

McDonagh, AM, Powell, CE, Morrall, JP, Cifuentes, MP & Humphrey, MG 2003, 'Convergent synthesis of alkynylbis(bidentate phosphine)ruthenium dendrimers', Organometallics, vol. 22, no. 7, pp. 1402-1413.
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The "first-generation" alkynylruthenium dendrimers 1,3,5-C6H3(4-CCC6H4CC-trans-[Ru(dppe)2]CC-3,5-C6H3{4-CCC6H4CC-trans-[Ru(4-CCC6H4R)(dppe)2]}2)3 [R = H (19), NO2 (20)], containing nine dialkynylruthenium centers, have been prepared by convergent synthesis. Reaction of 3 equiv of 1-iodo-4-trimethylsilylethynylbenzene with triethynylbenzene, under Sonogashira coupling conditions, followed by deprotection with tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride affords 1,3,5-C6H3(4-CCC6H4CCH)3 (2), which is reacted with cis-[RuCl2(L)2] (L = dppe, dppm) to afford the octopolar, triruthenium dendritic cores 1,3,5-C6H3{4-CCC6H4CC-trans-[RuCl(L)2]}3 [L = dppe (5), L = dppm (6)] via the vinylidene intermediates [1,3,5-C6H3{4-CCC6H4CH=C-trans-[RuCl(L)2]}3](PF6)3 [L = dppe (3), L = dppm (4)]. Reaction of 5 with terminal alkynes 4-HCCC6H4R (R = H, NO2, NEt2) affords a series of related dialkynylruthenium zero-generation dendrimers 1,3,5-C6H3{4-CCC6H4CC-trans-[Ru(4-CCC6H4R)(dppe)2]}3 [R = H (7), NO2 (8), NEt2 (9)]. Reaction of 3 equiv of trans-[Ru(4-CCC6H4CCH)(CCPh)(dppe)2] with 1,3,5-triiodobenzene under Sonogashira coupling conditions also affords 7, together with the homo-coupled trans,trans-[(dppe)2(PhCC)Ru(4,4'-CCC6H4CCCCC6H4CC)Ru(CCPh)(dppe)2]. The first-generation dendrimers 19 and 20 are prepared by coupling core 5 with the dendrons 1-(HCC)C6H3-3,5-{4-CCC6H4CC-trans-[Ru(4-CCC6H4R)(dppe)2]}2 [R = H (17), NO2 (18)].

McDougald, D, Srinivasan, S, Rice, SA & Kjelleberg, S 2003, 'Signal-mediated cross-talk regulates stress adaptation in Vibrio species', MICROBIOLOGY-SGM, vol. 149, pp. 1923-1933.
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McDougald, D, Srinivasan, S, Rice, SA & Kjelleberg, S 2003, 'Signal-mediated cross-talk regulates stress adaptation in Vibrio species', Microbiology, vol. 149, no. 7, pp. 1923-1933.
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Quorum sensing systems serve as a means of 'census taking' of conspecific and non-conspecific bacteria in the near vicinity. The acylated homoserine lactone (AHL) quorum sensing system has been proposed to be primarily an intra-specific communication system, while the AI-2 autoinducer signalling system is proposed to be an interspecific communication system. Here it is shown that AI-2-like signalling in two marine Vibrio species, Vibrio vulnificus and 'Vibrio angustum' S14, induces the core response phenotypes of starvation adaptation and stress resistance, and that a signal antagonist can competitively inhibit these phenotypes. Furthermore, the signals produced by a range of Vibrio species have the ability to induce these phenotypes in V. vulnificus and 'V. angustum' S14, indicating that, at least in Vibrio species, AI-2-like signalling systems function as interspecies communication systems capable of 'cross-talk' and of regulating environmentally relevant phenotypes.

McGrath, KCY, Sader, MA, Nakhla, S, Handelsman, DJ, Celermajer, DS & Death, AK 2003, 'Androgen exposure increases human monocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium via Up-regulation of VCAM-1 expression in a gender specific manner', Heart, Lung and Circulation, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. A47-A47.
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McKee, BA, Djordjevic, SP, Goodman, RD & Hornitzky, MA 2003, 'The detection of Melissococcus pluton in honey bees (Apis mellifera) and their products using a hemi-nested PCR', Apidologie, vol. 34, pp. 19-27.
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A hemi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was further developed for the detection of Melissococcus pluton in adult bees and honey bee products. A chloroform:isoamyl alcohol DNA extraction method was used to provide template from 154 samples of adult bee tissues, honey, pollen, whole larvae and comb cells. All 36 honey bee samples tested from a diseased colony were shown to contain M. pluton and sub-clinical infections were detected in adult bee tissues, larvae and honey (49/98; 50.0%) collected from all 9 healthy colonies from areas where EFB was endemic. All 20 adult bee tissue samples from a healthy colony from Western Australia where EFB has never been reported were negative. Of 80 bulk honey samples from six Australian states, 55 of 80 (68.8%) samples were shown to contain M. pluton whereas culture techniques detected M. pluton in 22 of 80 (27.5%) of these samples. M. pluton was detected in honey from all Australian states except Western Australia.

McPhedran, RC, Nicorovici, NA, McKenzie, DR, Rouse, GW, Botten, LC, Welch, V, Parker, AR, Wohlgennant, M & Vardeny, ZV 2003, 'Structural colours through photonic crystals', Physica B: Condensed Matter, vol. 338, no. 1-4, pp. 182-185.
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We discuss two examples of living creatures using photonic crystals to achieve iridescent colouration. The first is the sea mouse (Aphroditidae, Polychaeta), which has a hexagonal close packed structure of holes in its spines and lower-body felt, while the second is the jelly fish Bolinopsis infundibulum, which has an oblique array of high index inclusions in its antennae. We show by measurements and optical calculations that both creatures can achieve strong colours despite having access only to weak refractive index contrast.

Mellman, TA, Clark, RE & Peacock, WJ 2003, 'Prescribing Patterns for Patients with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder', Psychiatric Services, vol. 54, no. 12, pp. 1618-1621.
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Objective: The little information available about prescribing patterns for persons with posttraumatic stress disorder comes from male combat-veteran populations treated through programs of the Department of Veterans Affairs. The objective of this study was to comprehensively evaluate prescribing patterns for persons with a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a community-based nonveteran sample in which women were well represented. Methods: Prescription claims paid in December 1999 for New Hampshire Medicaid recipients with diagnostic codes for PTSD were analyzed. Frequencies of prescriptions for categories of medication were compared between patients with PTSD (N=165) and patients with major depression alone (N=2,208) and those with major depression co-occurring with PTSD (N=171). Results: The patients with PTSD were predominantly women who were receiving services at community mental health centers. Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors were more frequently prescribed for major depression (32 percent of cases) than for PTSD (23 percent). Other novel anti-depressants were more frequently prescribed for major depression co-occurring with PTSD (25 percent of cases) than for major depression alone (18 percent). Atypical antipsychotic medications were more frequently prescribed for PTSD (17 percent of cases) and for major depression co-occurring with PTSD (20 percent) than for major depression alone (9 percent). Benzodiazepines and related hypnotics, trazodone, and mood stabilizers were more frequently prescribed for major depression co-occurring with PTSD than for major depression alone. Conclusions: The findings suggest that many outpatients who have PTSD are treated aggressively with medication, particularly when PTSD co-occurs with major depression, and that there are discrepancies between actual prescribing patterns and prescribing guidelines.

Mezzetti, M, Ibrahim, JG, Bois, FY, Ryan, LM, Ngo, L & Smith, TJ 2003, 'A Bayesian compartmental model for the evaluation of 1,3-butadiene metabolism', Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C: Applied Statistics, vol. 52, pp. 291-305.
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We propose a Bayesian model for physiologically based pharmacokinetics of 1,3-butadiene (BD). BD is classified as a suspected human carcinogen and exposure to it is common, especially through cigarette smoke as well as in urban settings. The main aim of the methodology and analysis that are presented here is to quantify variability in the rates of BD metabolism by human subjects. A three-compartmental model is described, together with informative prior distributions for the population parameters, all of which represent real physiological variables. The model is described in detail along with the meanings and interpretations of the associated parameters. A four-compartment model is also given for comparison. Markov chain Monte Carlo methods are described for fitting the model proposed. The model is fitted to toxicokinetic data obtained from 133 healthy subjects (males and females) from the four major racial groups in the USA, with ages ranging from 19 to 62 years. Subjects were exposed to 2 parts per million of BD for 20 min through a face mask by using a computer-controlled exposure and respiratory monitoring system. Stratification by ethnic group results in major changes in the physiological parameters. Sex and age were also tested but not found to have a significant effect.

Mi, D, Chen, M, Lin, S, Lince, M, Larkum, AWD & Blankenship, RE 2003, 'Excitation dynamics in the core antenna in the photosystem I reaction center of the chlorophyll d-containing photosynthetic prokaryote acaryochloris marina', Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol. 107, no. 6, pp. 1452-1457.
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Transient absorption difference spectroscopy on the picosecond time scale was used to study the ultrafast excitation dynamics in the photosystem I core antenna in Acaryochloris marina, a newly discovered marine oxygenic photosynthetic prokaryote that contains chlorophyll d as its major photopigment. Photosystem I particles were isolated using a detergent treatment of the thylakoid membranes and sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation. Steady-state fluorescence measurements at both room temperature and 77 K as well as ultrafast transient absorbance and fluorescence measurements were carried out on photosystem I. For ultrafast transient absorbance measurements, the sample was excited at 720, 740, and 75 nm with either high or low excitation energy. In each case, after a rapid (subpicosecond) energy transfer, the excitation energy resided on pigments absorbing at 710 nm. A kinetic component of about 40 ps and a nondecaying component on the order of nanoseconds were resolved. The 40-ps component was assigned to the trapping of excitation energy into the reaction center. The trapping time was confirmed by time-resolved fluorescence measurements. The 40-ps trapping time, because of the formation of a charge-separated state in the reaction center, is nearly excitation wavelength-independent. Narrow spectral-band excitations (5-nm fwhm) at 690, 720, 730, and 740 nm were used to excite different pools of the photosystem I core antenna selectivity. The initial special changes show a strong excitation wavelength dependence. An exceptionally broad, prompt bleaching, spanning from 700 to 740 nm, was induced when excitation was directly into the primary electron donor, P740, suggesting the existence of an excitonic coupling between a group of pigments, most likely the reaction center cofactors. A 2-3-ps energy equilibration process was also observed, similar to that observed in other cyanobacterial photosystem I. No evidence was found for a pool of long-wavelength antenna pigment...

Migocki, M & Harry, L 2003, 'Splitting up: a time and place for it in bacteria', Australian Biochemist, vol. April.

Mikajlo, EA & Ford, M 2003, 'Energy and momentum resolved band structure of K2O: electron momentum spectroscopy and linear combination of atomic orbitals calculation', Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, vol. 15, no. 41, pp. 6955-6968.
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This paper details an experimental and theoretical investigation into the electronic structure of the highly ionic, alkali oxide, potassium oxide (K2O). The experiments were carried out using the relatively new technique of electron momentum spectroscopy. This is an electron impact technique that is capable of measuring the electron intensity distribution as a function of energy and momentum. Calculations were performed within the linear combination of atomic orbitals approximation using both HartreeFock and density functional theory formalisms. We have been able to map the band dispersions and intensities in the oxygen valence bands and potassium 3p and 3s bands for the first time. Overlap of the O 2s and K 3p binding energy peaks makes it difficult to extract the band gaps involving either of these bands. The O 2p and K 3s peaks are resolved, however, and we observe a gap of 30.4 ± 0.2 eV. This value is reproduced by the PBE0 calculation. Intensities within the s bands are reproduced well by all our calculations, whereas the observed p bands show anomalous intensity at the ?-point, which is not present in any of the calculations.

Mikajlo, EA, Nixon, KL & Ford, M 2003, 'Electron momentum spectroscopy and linear combination of atomic orbitals calculation of bulk Na2O', Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, vol. 15, no. 13, pp. 2155-2168.
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This paper presents an experimental measurement of the electronic structure of Na2O in the solid phase using electron momentum spectroscopy and compares the results with ab initio calculations performed within the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) approximation. While HartreeFock (HF) can reproduce elastic properties we find it overestimates splitting of the oxygen valence bands by around 30% and the width of the O 2p band by a factor of 2. Our experimental values are 15.85 ± 0.2 and 0.6 ± 0.2 eV for these two quantities, respectively. Density functional methods are significantly better, with the hybrid functional PBE0 predicting the oxygen bandgap to within the experimental error. PBE0 also gives the best estimate of the Na core level energies. In contrast, HF performs best for the splitting between the oxygen and sodium bands. Our experimental values of 32.85 ± 0.2 and 27.45 ± 0.2 eV for the Na 2pNa 2s and O 2pNa 2p splittings agree well with previous measurements. Distribution of electron density both within the bands and between the bands is not reproduced by any of the computational methods employed.

Milev, AS, Kannangara, GK & Ben-Nissan, B 2003, 'Morphological stability of hydroxyapatite precursor', Materials Letters, vol. 57, no. 13-14, pp. 1960-1965.
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Mitakakis, T, O'meara, T & Tovey, E 2003, 'The effect of sunlight on allergen release from spores of the fungus Alternaria', Grana, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 43-46.
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Mitrovic, S, Howden, CG, Bowling, LC & Buckney, RT 2003, 'Unusual allometry between in situ growth of freshwater phytoplankton under static and fluctuating light environments: possible implications for dominance', Journal Of Plankton Research, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 517-526.
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Mitrovic, S, Oliver, RL, Rees, C, Bowling, LC & Buckney, RT 2003, 'Critical flow velocities for the growth and dominance of Anabaena circinalis in some turbid freshwater rivers', Freshwater Biology, vol. 48, pp. 164-174.
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Mohammed, OB, Davies Russell, A, Hussein, HS, Daszak, P & Ellis, JT 2003, 'Hammondia Heydorni from the Arabian mountain gazelle and red fox in Saudi Arabia', Journal of Parasitology, vol. 89, no. 3, pp. 535-539.
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Moore, CM, Suggett, DJ, Holligan, PM, Sharples, J, Abraham, ER, Lucas, MI, Rippeth, T, Fisher, NR, Simpson, JH & Hydes, D 2003, 'Physical controls on phytoplankton physiology and production at a shelf sea front: a fast repetition-rate fluorometer based field study', Marine Ecology Progress Series, vol. 259, pp. 29-45.
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Observations of phytoplankton physiology collected using a fast repetition-rate fluorometer (FRRF) in the vicinity of a shelf-sea tidal-mixing front are presented. These data are combined with more traditional 14C-based measurements and observations of environmental parameters, including estimates of turbulent dissipation rates, in order to investigate the influence of physical forcing on the productivity of the system. Low nutrient concentrations on the stratified side of the front result in a reduction of photosynthetic efficiency. Conversely, the high degree of vertical mixing on the mixed side of the front constrains the ability of phytoplankton to adjust their photosynthetic apparatus to the ambient irradiance field. Redistribution of phytoplankton biomass and variations in physiological parameters also result from the spring-neap tidal cycle. FRRF- and 14C-derived physiological measurements are compared in the context of environmental gradients in the region. A strong correlation was found between independently measured functional absorption cross-sections (sPSII) and maximal photosynthetic rates (P*max). Such a relationship was unlikely to have been causative and may have resulted from shifts in the balance between light-harvesting and carbon fixation across the front. The association of changes in P*max with variations in sPSII provided the basis for the development of an empirical model, specific to the system and time of study, which utilised FRRF data to extrapolate between primary productivity rates measured at fixed sites. When applied to high resolution cross-frontal data, the model suggested small-scale variations in productivity related to both spatial and temporal physical forcing including the spring-neap cycle.

Morris, JS, Vannucci, M, Brown, PJ & Carroll, RJ 2003, 'Wavelet-based nonparametric modeling of hierarchical functions in colon carcinogenesis', JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION, vol. 98, no. 463, pp. 573-583.
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Morris, JS, Vannucci, M, Brown, PJ & Carroll, RJ 2003, 'Wavelet-based nonparametric modeling of hierarchical functions in colon carcinogenesis - Rejoinder', JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION, vol. 98, no. 463, pp. 591-597.
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Morrison, DJ & Ellis, JT 2003, 'The design and analysis of microarray experiments: applications in parasitology', DNA and Cell Biology, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 357-394.
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Mountfort, DO, Kaspar, HF, Asher, RA & Sutherland, D 2003, 'Influences of pond geochemistry, temperature, and freeze-thaw on terminal anaerobic processes occurring in sediments of six ponds of the McMurdo Ice Shelf, near Bratina Island, Antarctica', APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, vol. 69, no. 1, pp. 583-592.
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Mungkornasawakul, P, Pyne, SG, Jatisatienr, A, Supyen, D, Lie, W, Ung, AT, Skelton, BW & White, AH 2003, 'Stemocurtisine, the First Pyrido[1,2-a]azapine Stemona Alkaloid', Journal of Natural Products, vol. 66, no. 7, pp. 980-982.
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A new pentacyclic stemona alkaloid, stemocurtisine (2), with a novel pyrido[1,2-a]azapine A,B-ring system, has been isolated from a root extract of Stemona curtisii. The structure and relative stereochemistry was determined by spectral data interpretation and X-ray crystallography

Mungkornasawakul, P, Pyne, SG, Jatisatienr, A, Supyen, D, Lie, W, Ung, AT, Skelton, BW & White, AH 2003, 'Stemocurtisine, the First Pyrido[1,2-a]azapineStemonaAlkaloid.', Journal of Natural Products, vol. 66, no. 10, pp. 1404-1404.
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Muris, P, Bodden, D, Merckelbach, H, Ollendick, TH & King, N 2003, 'Fear of the beast: A prospective study on the effects of negative information on childhood fear', Behaviour Research and Therapy, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 195-208.
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The current study examined the effects of negative information on the enhancement of childhood fear. A large group of normal primary school children aged between 4 and 12 years (N=285) received either negative or positive information about an unknown, doglike animal, called 'the beast'. Children's fears were assessed at three points in time: before, directly after, and one week after the information about the beast was provided (i.e., pre-, post- and follow-up assessment). Results showed that type of information changed children's fear of the beast in the predicted direction with negative information increasing fear levels and positive information decreasing fear levels. This was not only the case directly after the experimental manipulation but also at one week follow-up. Furthermore, fear of the beast appeared to generalize, that is, children who became more fearful of the beast after receiving negative information, also became more apprehensive of other dogs and predators. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Murray, B 2003, 'Reproductive characteristics of Road-verge and Reserve-interior populations of Exocarpos cupressiformis Labill (Santalaceae)', The Victorian Naturalist, vol. 120, no. 1, pp. 10-14.

Murray, B & Leishman, MR 2003, 'On the relationship between seed mass and species abundance in plant communities', OIKOS, vol. 101, no. 3, pp. 643-645.
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Murray, B, Brown, AH & Grace, JP 2003, 'Geographic gradients in seed size among and within perennial Australian Glycine species', Australian Journal Of Botany, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 47-56.
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Murray, B, Zeppel, MJ, Hose, GC & Eamus, D 2003, 'Groundwater-dependent ecosystems in Australia: it's more than just water for rivers', Ecological Management & Restoration, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 110-113.
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Nicholson, GM & Graudins, A 2003, 'Antivenoms for treatment of spider envenomation', Journal of Toxicology, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 35-59.
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Nieuwenburg, P, Clarke, R, Cai, Z, Chen, M, Larkum, A, Cabral, N, Ghiggino, K & Reimers, JR 2003, 'Examination Of The Photophysical Processes Of Chlorophyll D Leading To A Clarification Of Proposed Uphill Energy Transfer Processes In Cells Of Acaryochloris Marina', Photochemistry And Photobiology, vol. 77, no. 6, pp. 628-637.
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Nouwens, A, Whitchurch, CB, Walsh, B, Schweizer, HP & Cordwell, SJ 2003, 'Proteome Analysis Of Extracellular Proteins Regulated By The Las And Rhl Quorum Sensing Systems In Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Pao1', Microbiology, vol. 149, pp. 1311-1322.
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The las and rhl quorum sensing (QS) systems regulate the expression of several genes in response to cell density changes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Many of these genes encode surface-associated or secreted virulence factors. Proteins from stationary phas

Novikov, A 2003, 'Martingales and first-exit times for the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process with jumps', Theory of Probability and its Applications, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 340-358.

Novikov, A, Frishling, V & Kordzakhia, N 2003, 'Time-dependent barrier options and boundary crossing probabilities', Georgian Mathematical Journal, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 325-334.

Nurtjahja-Tjendraputra, E, Ammit, AJ, Roufogalis, BD, Tran, VH & Duke, CC 2003, 'Effective anti-platelet and COX-1 enzyme inhibitors from pungent constituents of ginger', THROMBOSIS RESEARCH, vol. 111, no. 4-5, pp. 259-265.
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Och, DJ, Leitch, EC, Caprarelli, G & Watanabe, T 2003, 'Blueschist and eclogite in tectonic melange, Port Macquarie, New South Wales, Australia', Mineralogical Magazine, vol. 67, no. 4, pp. 609-624.
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The Rocky Beach Metamorphic Melange contains metre-scale phacoids of high-P low-T metamorphic rocks embedded in chlorite-actinolite schist. The phacoids include eclogite, glaucophane schist and omphacitite and provide evidence for four episodes of metamorphism with mineral assemblages: M1 = actinolite-glaucophane-titanite-apatite, M2 = almandine-omphacite-lawsonite ± quartz, M3 = phengiteglaucophane-K-feldspar-quartz, and M4 = chlorite-actinolite-calcite-quartz-titanite-white mica ± albite ± talc. M1-M3 occurred at a Neoproterozoic-Early Palaeozoic convergent plate boundary close to the eastern margin of Gondwana. Peak metamorphic conditions were attained during the static phase M2, with temperatures of ~560ºC and pressures in excess of 1.8 GPa, equivalent to a depth of burial of at least 54 km.

Ogura, Y, Ogasawara, N, Harry, L & Moriya, S 2003, 'Increasing the ratio of Soj to SpoOJ levels promotes replication initiation in Bacillus subtilis', Journal Of Bacteriology, vol. 185, no. 21, pp. 6316-6324.
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The ParA and ParB protein families are well conserved in bacteria. However, their functions are still unclear. In Bacillus subtilis, Soj and Spo0J are members of these two protein families, respectively. A previous report revealed that replication initiated early and asynchronously in spo0J null mutant cells, as determined by flow cytometry. In this study, we examined the cause of this promotion of replication initiation. Deletion of both the soj and spo0J genes restored the frequency of replication initiation to almost the wild-type level, suggesting that production of Soj in the absence of Spo0J leads to early and asynchronous initiation of replication. Consistent with this suggestion, overproduction of Soj in wild-type cells had the same effect on replication initiation as in the spo0J null mutant, and overproduction of both Soj and Spo0J did not. These results indicate that when the ratio of Soj to Spo0J increases, Soj interferes with tight control of replication initiation and causes early and asynchronous initiation. Whereas replication initiation also occurred significantly earlier in the two spo0J mutants, spo0J14 and spo0J17, it occurred only slightly early in the sojK16Q mutant and was delayed in the sojG12V mutant. Although Soj localized to nucleoids in the spo0J mutants, the two Soj mutant proteins were distributed throughout the cell or localized to cell poles. Thus, interestingly, the promotion of replication initiation seems to correlate with localization of Soj to nucleoids. This may suggest that Soj inhibits transcription of some cell cycle genes and leads to early and asynchronous initiation of replication. In wild-type cells Spo0J counteracts this Soj function.

Okuno, S, Ryan, LM, Edmonson, J, Priebat, D & Blum, R 2003, 'Phase Ii Trial Of Gemcitabine In Patients With Advanced Sarcomas (e1797) - A Trial Of The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group', Cancer, vol. 97, no. 8, pp. 1969-1973.
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BACKGROUND. The current study was conducted to evaluate the antitumor activity 2 and toxicity of gemcitabine in patients with advanced sarcoma. METHODS. Twenty-five patients with advanced sarcomas, who previously were untreated for metastatic disease, we

Ollendick, TH, Seligman, LD, Goza, AB, Byrd, DA & Singh, K 2003, 'Anxiety and depression in children and adolescents: A factor-analytic examination of the tripartite model', Journal of Child and Family Studies, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 157-170.
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The tripartite model of Clark and Watson (1981) suggests that the oft-observed covariation between anxiety and depression can best be understood by examining three related yet distinct constructs: negative affectivity, positive affectivity, and elevated physiological arousal. In the present study, 510 boys and girls in the 4th, 7th, and 10th grades completed the Children's Depression Inventory and the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to determine the goodness of fit of single-factor (i.e., negative affectivity), two-factor (i.e., anxiety and depression), and three-factor models (i.e., negative affectivity, positive affectivity, and physiological arousal). Analyses were conducted by examining each of the models in the whole sample first and then separately for boys and girls and for fourth, seventh, and tenth grade youths. Results failed to support the tripartite theory; rather, the findings supported a two-factor model in all cases. These factors represented the general constructs of anxiety and depression, and these factors remained significantly interrelated. Consistent with previous findings, the strength of these relations was stronger for boys than girls and for children than adolescents.

Paulsen, IT, Banerjei, L, Myers, GSA, Nelson, KE, Seshadri, R, Read, TD, Fouts, DE, Eisen, JA, Gill, SR, Heidelberg, JF, Tettelin, H, Dodson, RJ, Umayam, L, Brinkac, L, Beanan, M, Daugherty, S, DeBoy, RT, Durkin, S, Kolonay, J, Madupu, R, Nelson, W, Vamathevan, J, Tran, B, Upton, J, Hansen, T, Shetty, J, Khouri, H, Utterback, T, Radune, D, Ketchum, KA, Dougherty, BA & Fraser, CM 2003, 'Role of mobile DNA in the evolution of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis', SCIENCE, vol. 299, no. 5615, pp. 2071-2074.
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Payne, GL, Roux, CP, Lennard, CJ, Comber, B & Exline, DL 2003, 'Applications Of Chemical Imaging To The Detection Of Latent Fingerprints', Forensic Science International, vol. 136, pp. 131-131.
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Phillips, M, Telg, H, Kucheyev, SO, Gelhausen, O & Toth, M 2003, 'Cathodoluminescence efficiency dependence on excitation density in n-type gallium nitride', Microscopy And Microanalysis, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 144-151.
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Cathodoluminescence (CL) spectra from silicon doped and undoped wurtzite n-type GaN have been measured in a SEM under a wide range of electron beam excitation conditions, which include accelerating voltage, beam current, magnification, beam diameter, and specimen temperature. The CL intensity dependence on excitation density was analyzed using a power-law model (ICL [is proportional to] Jm) for each of the observed CL bands in this material. The yellow luminescence band present in both silicon and undoped GaN exhibits a close to cube root (m = 0.33) dependence on electron beam excitation at both 77 K and 300 K. However, the blue (at 300 K) and donor-acceptor pair (at 77 K) emission peaks observed in undoped GaN follow power laws with exponents of m = 1 and m = 0.5, respectively. As expected from its excitonic character, the near band edge emission intensity depends linearly (m = 1) in silicon doped GaN and superlinearly (m = 1.2) in undoped GaN on the electron beam current. Results show that the intensities of the CL bands are highly dependent not only on the defect concentration but also on the electron-hole pair density and injection rate. Furthermore, the size of the focussed electron beam was found to have a considerable effect on the relative intensities of the CL emission peaks. Hence SEM parameters such as the objective lens aperture size, astigmatism, and the condenser lens setting must also be considered when assessing CL data based on intensity measurements from this material.

Platen, E & Stahl, G 2003, 'A structure for general and specific market risk', Computational Statistics, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 355-373.

Powell, CE, Cifuentes, MP, McDonagh, AM, Hurst, SK, Lucas, NT, delfs, C, Stranger, R, Humphrey, MG, Houbrechts, S, Asselberghs, I, Persoons, A & Hockless, D 2003, 'Organometallic complexes for nonlinear optics. Part 27. Syntheses and optical properties of Some Iron, Ruthenium and Osmium Alkynyl Complexes', Inorganica Chimica Acta, vol. 352, no. 6, pp. 9-18.
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The syntheses of the alkynyl complexes M(4-C6-point triple bond; length half of m-dashCC6H4NO2)(dppe)(?-C5H5) [M=Fe (1), Ru (2), Os (3)], Os(4-C6-point triple bond; length half of m-dashCC6H4NO2)(PPh3)2(?-C5H5) (4) and Ru(4-C6-point triple bond; length half of m-dashCC6H4NO2)(CO)2(?-C5H5) (5) are reported. Structural studies reveal a decrease in Ru---C(1) distance on proceeding from 5 to 2, consistent with greater back-donation of electron density to the alkynyl ligand from the more electron-rich metal center in 2. Electrochemical data show that the MII/III couple for the dicarbonyl complex 5 is at a significantly more positive potential than that of the related diphosphine complex 2, consistent with ligand variation modifying the electron richness and hence donor strength of the metal center. Time-dependent density functional calculations on model complexes M(4-C6-point triple bond; length half of m-dashCC6H4NO2)(PH3)2(?-C5H5) (M=Fe, Ru, Os) have been employed to assign the intense low-energy optical transition in these complexes as MLCT in character, the higher energy band being phenylphenyl* in nature. Molecular quadratic optical nonlinearities have been measured using the hyper-Rayleigh scattering procedure at 1064 nm. ? values vary as Fe?Ru?Os for metal variation and CO

Pringle, RM, Webb, JK & Shine, R 2003, 'Canopy structure, microclimate, and habitat selection by a nocturnal snake, Hoplocephalus bungaroides', Ecology, vol. 84, no. 10, pp. 2668-2679.
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Forest structure strongly influences ambient environmental conditions such as light and temperature, but most studies on habitat selection by mobile organisms have either ignored canopy structure or treated it as a dichotomous variable (e.g., "shady" or "sunny"). Furthermore, the predominance of active diurnal species as model organisms in such studies has left many unanswered questions about the importance of vegetation-related variables for nocturnal and sedentary species (e.g., what does "shade" mean to an organism that moves at night and sits in a cave all day?). We used hemispherical photography to quantify canopy structure and examine its role in determining the thermal microenvironments available to a rock-dwelling nocturnal snake (Hoplocephalus bungaroides) across two different spatial scales. The narrow plateaus inhabited by the snakes in southeastern Australia are highly heterogeneous with respect to vegetation: east-facing aspects are densely covered whereas west-facing aspects are patchy mosaics. We found that temperatures of potential retreat sites increased with increasing canopy openness, but the definitive determinant of retreat-site temperature was incident radiation intensity, which depended upon the location of canopy gaps relative to the sun path. This factor restricted the snakes to west-facing cliff tops, and there only to an optimal subset of rocks that received adequate irradiance. Moreover, thermal regimes of retreat sites displayed higher maxima and were evening shifted relative to randomly sampled rocks in the same area. Our results suggest that thermally suitable retreat sites are a limiting resource, and that local increases in vegetation density might contribute to the decline of this endangered species.

Prins, PJM & Ollendick, TH 2003, 'Cognitive change and enhanced coping: Missing mediational links in cognitive behavior therapy with anxiety-disordered children', Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 87-105.
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In this review, we examine the recent cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) outcome literature with anxiety-disordered children and, specifically, explore the status of cognitive change and increased coping ability as (1) specific treatment effects, and (2) possible mediators of the efficacy of CBT. In the past decade, the number of controlled CBT studies with clinically diagnosed anxiety-disordered children has increased substantially. CBT arms to restructure distorted or maladaptive cognitions and teach the anxious child to effectively use diverse coping strategies. Our review shows that in recent CBT research with anxiety-disordered children the use of domain-specific measures like cognitive and coping measures is, unfortunately, not common practice. Furthermore, only one study examined the issue of treatment mediation. Generally, recent CBT research has not been designed to test mediational issues and does not clarify whether cognitive change and enhanced coping - the presumed central components of CBT - are in fact responsible for its efficacy. Implications for the direction of future CBT research with anxiety-disordered children are discussed.

Pritchard, TR, Lee, RS, Ajani, PA, Rendell, PS, Black, K & Koop, K 2003, 'Phytoplankton responses to nutrient sources in coastal waters off southeastern Australia', Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management, vol. 6, no. 2 SPEC. ISS., pp. 105-117.
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Reports of visible algal blooms have increased in New South Wales (NSW) coastal waters since 1990. Our three-year, multi-disciplinary study assessed the relative importance of natural and anthropogenic nutrients on the development of phytoplankton blooms in the waters between Port Stephens and Jervis Bay. The hinterland of this region accommodates 85% of the population of the 6.5 million inhabitants of New South Wales, Australia. Three deepwater outfalls represented the principal, continuous, anthropogenic nutrient source with nitrogen mainly in the bioavailable form of ammonia. Sewage effiuent typically remained submerged especially during the spring-summer period when algal blooms occur most frequently. On average, coastal catchments contributed relatively small loads of nutrients except during major fiood events because extensive estuaries tend to buffer nutrient fluxes to the ocean. Episodic slope water intrusions were the principal source of nitrogen (nitrate) to coastal waters especially during spring and summer. Phytoplankton blooms appeared to occur in response to slope water intrusions irrespective of proximity to other major nutrient sources. A new understanding of mechanisms of slope water intrusion emerged from model simulations and direct observations. A major upwelling event in January 1998, towards the end of the 1997/98 El Niño period, demonstrated the importance of large scale slope water intrusions on the development of algal blooms. Although natural upwelling/uplifting was found to be the principal driver for major algal blooms, it is possible that more subtle impacts of anthropogenic nutrients may be masked by 'natural' variability including that due to the El Niño Southern Oscillation.

Purkerson, DG, Doblin, MA, Bollens, SM, Luoma, SN & Cutter, GA 2003, 'Selenium in San Francisco Bay zooplankton: Potential effects of hydrodynamics and food web interactions', Estuaries, vol. 26, no. 4A, pp. 956-969.
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The potential toxicity of elevated selenium (Se) concentrations in aquatic ecosystems has stimulated efforts to measure Se concentrations in benthos, nekton, and waterfowl in San Francisco Bay (SF Bay). In September 1998, we initiated a 14 mo field study to determine the concentration of Se in SF Bay zooplankton, which play a major role in the Bay food web, but which have not previously been studied with respect to Se. Monthly vertical plankton tows were collected at several stations throughout SF Bay, and zooplankton were separated into two operationally defined size classes for Se analyses: 73-2,000 mum, and greater than or equal to2,000 mum. Selenium values ranged 1.02-6.07 mug Se g(-1) dry weight. No spatial differences in zooplankton Se concentrations were found. However, there were inter- and intra-annual differences. Zooplankton Se concentrations were enriched in the North Bay in Fall 1999 when compared to other seasons and locations within and outside SF Bay. The abundance and biovolume of the zooplankton community varied spatially between stations, but not seasonally within each station. Smaller herbivorous-omnivorous zooplankton had higher Se concentrations than larger omnivorous-carnivorous zooplankton. Selenium concentrations in zooplankton were negatively correlated with the proportion of total copepod biovolume comprising the large carnivorous copepod Tortanus dextrilobatus, but positively correlated with the proportion of copepod biovolume comprising smaller copepods of the family Oithonidae, suggesting an important role of trophic level and size in regulating zooplankton Se concentrations.

Qu, X, Dang, L & Seale, JP 2003, 'Inhibitory effect of hypocrellin A on protein kinase C in liver and skeletal muscle of obese zucker rats', The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 871-878.
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Ramachandran, V, Brett, K, Hornitzky, MA, Dowton, M, Bettelheim, KA, Walker, M & Djordjevic, SP 2003, 'Distribution of Intimin subtypes among Escherichia coli isolates fro ruminant and human sources', Journal Of Clinical Microbiology, vol. 41, no. 11, pp. 5022-5032.
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The intimin gene eae, located within the locus of enterocyte effacement pathogenicity island, distinguishes enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and some Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) strains from all other pathotypes of diarrheagenic E. coli. EPEC is a leading cause of infantile diarrhea in developing countries, and intimin-positive STEC isolates are typically associated with life-threatening diseases such as hemolyticuremic syndrome and hemorrhagic colitis.

Read, TD, Myers, GSA, Brunham, RC, Nelson, WC, Paulsen, IT, Heidelberg, J, Holtzapple, E, Khouri, H, Federova, NB, Carty, HA, Umayam, LA, Haft, DH, Peterson, J, Beanan, MJ, White, O, Salzberg, SL, Hsia, RC, McClarty, G, Rank, RG, Bavoil, PM & Fraser, CM 2003, 'Genome sequence of Chlamydophila caviae (Chlamydia psittaci GPIC): examining the role of niche-specific genes in the evolution of the Chlamydiaceae', NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH, vol. 31, no. 8, pp. 2134-2147.
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Reimers, JR & Hush, N 2003, 'Modeling The Bacterial Photosynthetic Reaction Center. Vii. Full Simulation Of The Intervalence Hole-Transfer Absorption Spectrum Of The Special-Pair Radical Cation', Journal Of Chemical Physics, vol. 119, no. 6, pp. 3262-3277.
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Reimers, JR, Cai, Z, Bilic, A & Hush, N 2003, 'The Appropriateness Of Density-Functional Theory For The Calculation Of Molecular Electronics Properties', MOLECULAR ELECTRONICS III, vol. 1006, pp. 235-251.
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Reimers, JR, Shapley, W & Hush, N 2003, 'Modelling The Bacterial Photosynthetic Reaction Center. V. Assignment Of The Electronic Transition Observed At 2200 Cm(-1) In The Special-Pair Radical-Cation As A Second-Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital To Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital Transit', Journal Of Chemical Physics, vol. 119, no. 6, pp. 3240-3248.
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Reimers, JR, Shapley, W, Rendell, A & Hush, N 2003, 'Modelling The Bacterial Photosynthetic Reaction Center. Vi. Use Of Density-Functional Theory To Determine The Nature Of The Vibronic Coupling Between The Four Lowest-Energy Electronic States Of The Special-Pair Radical Cation', Journal Of Chemical Physics, vol. 119, no. 6, pp. 3249-3261.
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Reynolds, PA, McGillivray, DJ, Gilbert, EP, Holt, SA, Henderson, MJ & White, JW 2003, 'Neutron and X-ray reflectivity from polyisobutylene-based amphiphiles at the air-water interface', LANGMUIR, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 752-761.
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Ritchie, AJ, Yam, AOW, Tanabe, KM, Rice, SA & Cooley, MA 2003, 'Modification of in vivo and in vitro T- and B-cell-mediated immune responses by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum-sensing molecule n-(3-oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone', Infection and Immunity, vol. 71, no. 8, pp. 4421-4431.
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N-3-(oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (OdDHL), a quorum-sensing molecule of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the organism through its control of virulence factor expression. Several reports have suggested that OdDHL can also directly modulate host immune responses. However, the nature of the modulation is controversial, with different reports suggesting promotion of either humoral (Th2-mediated) or inflammatory (Th1-mediated) responses. This report describes a series of studies which demonstrate for the first time that in vivo administration of OdDHL can modulate the course of an antibody response, with an increase in ovalbumin (OVA)-specific immunogloblulin G1 (IgG1) but not IgG2a in OdDHL-treated OVA-immunized BALB/c mice compared to levels for controls. In vitro stimulation of lymphocytes from both Th1-biased C57B1/6 and T-cell receptor transgenic mice and Th2-biased BALB/c mice in the presence of OdDHL demonstrated that OdDHL inhibits in vitro cytokine production in response to both mitogen and antigen, with gamma interferon (IFN-γ) tending to be more inhibited than interleukin-4 (IL-4). In vitro mitogen or antigen restimulation of cells from mice treated with OdDHL in vivo shows effects on cytokine production which depend on the underlying immune bias of the mouse strain used, with a relative increase of IFN-γ in Th1-biased C57B1/6 mice and a relative increase of IL-4 in Th2-biased BALB/c mice. Thus, the mode of action of OdDHL on T-cell cytokine production is likely to be a relatively nonspecific one which accentuates an underlying immune response bias rather than one which specifically targets either Th1 or Th2 responses.

Ritchie, AJ, Yam, AOW, Tanabe, KM, Rice, SA & Cooley, MA 2003, 'Modification of in vivo and in vitro T- and B-cell-mediated immune responses by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum-sensing molecule N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone', INFECTION AND IMMUNITY, vol. 71, no. 8, pp. 4421-4431.
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Robert, C, Meng, X, Moller, J, Rosenthal, J, Jennison, C, Hurn, M, Al-awadhi, F, Mccullagh, P, Andrieu, C, Doucet, A, Dellaportas, P, Papageorgiou, I, Ehlers, R, Erosheva, E, Fienberg, S, Forster, J, Gill, R, Friel, N, Green, PJ & Hastie, D 2003, 'Efficient Construction Of Reversible Jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo Proposal Distributions - Discussion On The Paper By Brooks, Giudici And Roberts', Journal Of The Royal Statistical Society Series B-Statistical Methodology, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 3-55.
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Robert, CP, Meng, XL, Møller, J, Rosenthal, JS, Jennison, C, Hurn, MA, Al-Awadhi, F, McCullagh, P, Andrieu, C, Doucet, A, Dellaportas, P, Papageorgiou, I, Ehlers, RS, Erosheva, EA, Fienberg, SE, Forster, JJ, Gill, RC, Friel, N, Green, P, Hastie, D, King, R, Künsch, HR, Lazar, NA & Osinski, C 2003, 'Discussion on the paper by Brooks, Giudici and Roberts', Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B: Statistical Methodology, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 39-55.
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Roche, N, Stirling, RG, Lim, S, Oliver, BG & Chung, KF 2003, 'Regulation of protease-activated receptor-I in mononuclear cells by neutrophil proteases', RESPIRATORY MEDICINE, vol. 97, no. 3, pp. 228-233.
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Roche, N, Stirling, RG, Lim, S, Oliver, BG, Oates, T, Jazrawi, E, Caramori, G & Chung, KF 2003, 'Effect of acute and chronic inflammatory stimuli on expression of proteaseactivated receptors 1 and 2 in alveolar macrophages', JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY, vol. 111, no. 2, pp. 367-373.
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Rodgers, K & Dean, R 2003, 'Assessment of proteasome activity in cell lysates and tissue homogenates using peptide substrates', International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 716-727.
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The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is a major route of degradation of cell proteins. It also plays an essential role in maintaining cell homeostasis by degrading many rate-limiting enzymes and critical regulatory proteins. Alterations in proteasome activit

Ronnenberg, AG, Wang, X, Xing, H, Chen, C, Chen, D, Guang, W, Guang, A, Wang, L, Ryan, LM & Xu, X 2003, 'Low preconception body mass index is associated with birth outcome in a prospective cohort of Chinese women', The Journal of Nutrition, vol. 133, no. 11, pp. 3449-3455.
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Low maternal prepregnancy BMI is associated with adverse birth outcomes, but the BMI at which risk increases is not well defined. We assessed whether the relationship between prepregnancy BMI and birth outcomes is influenced by the extent to which mothers were underweight in a prospective study in Anhui, China. The women (n = 575) were 20-34 y old, married, nulliparous and nonsmokers. All measures of infant growth increased with increasing maternal BMI until a plateau was reached at a BMI of 22-23 kg/m(2). Infants born to the 27% of women who were severely underweight before pregnancy (BMI less than or equal to 18.5 kg/m(2)) were at increased risk for fetal growth deficits associated with infant morbidity. Compared with a normal BMI, being severely underweight was associated with mean (+/- SEM) reductions of 219 +/- 40 g in infant birthweight and 6.7 +/- 1.3% in the birthweight ratio and an 80% increase in risk of intrauterine growth restriction [odds ratio (OR) 1.8; 95% Cl: 1.0, 3.3; P = 0.05]. Being severely underweight was also associated with smaller infant head circumference and lower ponderal index. Being moderately underweight (18.5 < BMI < 19.8 kg/m(2)) was not significantly associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Gestational age and risk of preterm birth were not associated with maternal BMI. More than half of the women in this study were underweight before pregnancy. Although being moderately underweight was not associated with increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, being severely underweight was an important risk factor for reduced fetal growth.

Roy, J, Lin, X & Ryan, LM 2003, 'Scaled marginal models for multiple continuous outcomes', Biostatistics, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 371-383.
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In studies that involve multivariate outcomes it is often of interest to test for a common exposure effect. For example, our research is motivated by a study of neurocognitive performance in a cohort of HIV-infected women. The goal is to determine whethe

Ruggles, JL, Gilbert, EP, Holt, SA, Reynolds, PA & White, JW 2003, 'Expanded mesoporous silicate films grown at the air-water interface by addition of hydrocarbons', LANGMUIR, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 793-800.
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Runcie, JW, Ritchie, RJ & Larkum, AWD 2003, 'Uptake kinetics and assimilation of inorganic nitrogen by Catenella nipae and Ulva lactuca', Aquatic Botany, vol. 76, no. 2, pp. 155-174.
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The kinetics of NH4+, the assimilation of NH4+ and nitrate uptake by Catenella nipae (Rhodophyta) were compared with Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta). Both algal species demonstrated saturable NH4+ and nitrate uptake kinetics. Uptake of NH3 by simple diffusion across the plasmalemma could not account for the observed saturation uptake kinetics of ammonia-N (NH3 + NH4+), so NH4+ was the chemical form being taken up by the transport systems of the cells. Although the Vmax of NH4+ uptake by C. nipae and U. lactuca was high (≈550 and 450 μmol g-1 DW h-1, respectively), the Km for U. lactuca (≈85 μM) was much lower than that for C. nipae (≈692 μM). The Km and Vmax values for nitrate uptake were much lower than for NH4+ for both C. nipae (Km ≈ 5 μM; Vmax ≈ 8.3 μmol g-1 DW h-1) and U. lactuca (Km ≈ 34 μM; Vmax ≈ 116 -mol g-1 DW h-1). Over the incubation times used (up to 28 min) there was no apparent induction of nitrate transport in either species. There was no evidence for induction of NH4+ transport in C. nipae but incubation time did affect the kinetics of NH4+ uptake in U. lactuca. At high concentrations of NH4+, U. lactuca rapidly assimilated it into organic N with limited build-up of intracellular NH4+ whereas C. nipae accumulated large amounts of NH4+ because uptake of NH4+ overtook the rate of assimilation. The effects of species-specific differences and experimental design on uptake-kinetic estimates are discussed in the light of the results of this other comparable studies. C. nipae is promising as a bioindicator species of the N-status of estuaries but U. lactuca changes its N-status too quickly for it to be a useful bioindicator of environmental conditions. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Ryan, LM 2003, 'Epidemiologically based environmental risk assessment', Statistical Science, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 466-480.
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Environmental health research aims to discover and understand the links between environmental exposure and disease and to inform the regulatory community so that society can be protected against cancer, birth defects and other adverse health effects associated with chemical, industrial and other exposures. Statistical science has a critical role to play in terms of providing the appropriate tools to design and analyze the studies needed to address the questions of interest, as well as quantifying risks and characterizing uncertainty. Recent years have seen some dramatic changes in the way that environmental risk assessment is accomplished. One such change is a move away from a traditional reliance on toxicological studies in animals to incorporate more epidemiological data. This shift has been facilitated by scientific advances that now allow researchers to accurately characterize human exposures in a variety of settings, as well as to measure genetic and other biomarkers that reflect subtle health effects and variations in susceptibility. This article will use a high profile case study to highlight some of the challenging statistical issues arising from this shifting emphasis from animal based toxicology to environmental epidemiology in the risk assessment world. Among the topics to be discussed are the uses of biologically based models and biomarkers, as well as the role of Bayesian methods to characterize uncertainty due to population heterogeneity, unmeasured confounders, exposure measurement error and model uncertainty.

Ryan, LM, Chen, Y, Su, HJ, Guo, YL, Hsueh, Y, Smith, TJ, Lee, M & Christiani, DC 2003, 'Arsenic methylation and bladder cancer risk in Taiwan', Cancer Causes & Control, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 303-310.
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Objective: The mechanism of arsenic detoxification in humans remains unclear. Data are especially lacking for low-level arsenic exposure. We hypothesize that arsenic methylation ability, defined as the ratios of monomethylarsonic acid (MMA(V))/inorganic

Sader, MA, McGrath, KCY, Handelsman, DJ, Celermajer, DS & Death, AK 2003, 'Leukocyte androgen receptor expression in mice and men; Gender and hormonal regulation, and implications for atherosclerosis', Heart, Lung and Circulation, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. A39-A40.
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Santos, DM, Rijo, J, Jacobs, M, Dennis, ES & Dolferus, R 2003, 'Approaches for the isolation of Arabidopsis adh1 regulatory mutants using allyl alcohol selection', RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, vol. 50, no. 6, pp. 762-773.
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Sashin, VA, Bolorizadeh, MA, Kheifets, AS & Ford, M 2003, 'Electronic band structure of beryllium oxide', Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, vol. 15, no. 21, pp. 3567-3581.
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The energymomentum resolved valence band structure of beryllium oxide has been measured by electron momentum spectroscopy (EMS). Band dispersions, bandwidths and intervalence bandgap, electron momentum density (EMD) and density of occupied states have been extracted from the EMS data. The experimental results are compared with band structure calculations performed within the full potential linear muffin-tin orbital approximation. Our experimental bandwidths of 2.1 ± 0.2 and 4.8 ± 0.3 eV for the oxygen s and p bands, respectively, are in accord with theoretical predictions, as is the s-band EMD after background subtraction. Contrary to the calculations, however, the measured p-band EMD shows large intensity at the ? point. The measured full valence bandwidth of 19.4 ± 0.3 eV is at least 1.4 eV larger than the theory. The experiment also finds a significantly higher value for the p-to-s-band EMD ratio in a broad momentum range compared to the theory.

Saunders, BM, Fernando, SL, Sluyter, R, Britton, WJ & Wiley, JS 2003, 'A loss-of-function polymorphism in the human P2X(7) receptor abolishes ATP-mediated killing of mycobacteria', JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, vol. 171, no. 10, pp. 5442-5446.
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Scaccia, L & Green, PJ 2003, 'Bayesian growth curves using normal mixtures with nonparametric weights', Journal Of Computational And Graphical Statistics, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 308-331.
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Reference growth curves estimate the distribution of a measurement as it changes according to some covariate, often age. We present a new methodology to estimate growth curves based on mixture models and splines. We model the distribution of the measurem

Scarpa, A & Ollendick, TH 2003, 'Community violence exposure in a young adult sample: III. Psychophysiology and victimization interact to affect risk for aggression', Journal of Community Psychology, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 321-338.
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An initial study of young adults with high and low exposure to community violence found that aggression was related to increased baseline heart rate variability (HRV), reduced baseline heart rate (HR), and increased poststressor cortisol level. Based upon previous research on biosocial interactions, this study tested specific predictions that the cardiovascular-aggression link would be found only in nonvictims and the cortisol-aggression link only in victims. Forty-seven victims and nonvictims completed self-reports of aggression and two Stressor tasks. Results supported the hypotheses for HRV and cortisol. However, reduced HR was associated with aggression in both victims and nonvictims, and its variance was explained by increased HRV. Findings support biosocial theories of violence and are discussed in terms of vagally mediated HR underarousal and emotion dysregulation in antisocial populations. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Schatzkin, A, Kipnis, V, Carroll, RJ, Midthune, D, Subar, AF, Bingham, S, Schoeller, DA, Troiano, RP & Freedman, LS 2003, 'A comparison of a food frequency questionnaire with a 24-hour recall for use in an epidemiological cohort study: results from the biomarker-based Observing Protein and Energy Nutrition (OPEN) study', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 1054-1062.
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Schelm, S & Smith, G 2003, 'Dilute LaB6 nanoparticles in polymer as optimized clear solar control glazing', Applied Physics Letters, vol. 82, no. 24, pp. 4346-4348.
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Window samples with a LaB6 nanoparticle-doped polymer laminate were tested for their performances in the reduction of solar heat gain. The near-infrared absorption, caused by the excitation of surface plasmons, was modeled using an average ellipsoid approach, including a size-induced broadening of the Drude part of the dielectric function. The resonance positions are well reproduced by this method and the size effect broadens the bulk resonance to an extent observed in the sample spectra. Additional broadening and spectral features observed in the absorption of the samples are attributed to shape and orientation effects.

Shao, Y, Yang, Y, Wang, J, Song, Z, Leslie, LM, Dong, C, Zhang, Z, Lin, Z, Kanai, Y, Yabuki, S & Chun, Y 2003, 'Northeast Asian dust storms: Real-time numerical prediction and validation', Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol. 108, no. 22.
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This study is concerned with the quantitative prediction of dust storms in real time. An integrated wind erosion modeling system is used for 24-, 48-, and 72-hour forecasts of northeast Asian dust events for March and April 2002. The predictions are validated with synoptic records from the meteorological network and dust concentration measurements at 12 stations in China, Japan, and Korea. The predicted spatial patterns and temporal evolutions of dust events and the predicted near-surface dust concentrations are found to agree well with the observations. The validation confirms the capacity of the modeling system in quantitative forecasting of dust events in real time. On the basis of the predictions, dust activities in northeast Asia are examined using quantities such as dust emission, deposition, and load. During an individual dust episode, dust sources and intensities vary in space and time, but on average the Gobi Desert, the Hexi (Yellow River West) Corridor, the Chaidam Basin, the Tulufan Basin, and the fringes of the Talimu and Zhunge'er Basins are identified to be the main source regions. The Gobi Desert is the strongest dust source, where the maximum dust emission reaches 5000 μg m-2 s-1 and the net dust emission reaches 16 t km-2 d-1 in March and April 2002. Net dust deposition covers a large area, with the Loess Plateau receiving about 1.6 to 4.3 t km-2 d-1. A zone of high dust load exists along the northern boundary of the Tibet Plateau, with a maximum of around 2 t km-2 situated over the Gobi Desert. The total dust emission, total dust deposition, and total dust load for the domain of the simulation are estimated. The average (maximum) total dust emission is 11.5 × 106 (65.7 × 106) t d-1, the average (maximum) total dust deposition is 10.8 × 106 (51.4 × 106 ) t d-1, and the average (maximum) total dust load is 5.5 × 106 (15.9 × 106) t. Copyright 2003 by the American Geophysical Union.

Shao, YP, Yang, Y, Wang, JJ, Song, ZX, Leslie, LM, Dong, CH, Zhang, ZH, Lin, ZH, Kanai, Y, Yabuki, S & Chun, YS 2003, 'Northeast Asian dust storms: Real-time numerical prediction and validation', JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES, vol. 108, no. D22.
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Shapter, J, Hale, PS, Maddox, LM, Ford, M & Waclawik, ER 2003, 'Teaching undergraduate nanotechnology', World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 299-302.

Shen, BJ, Shimmon, S, Smith, MM & Ghosh, P 2003, 'Biosensor analysis of the molecular interactions of pentosan polysulfate and of sulfated glycosaminoglycans with immobilized elastase, hyaluronidase and lysozyme using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology', JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 83-93.
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Shields, AJ, Stevenson, RM, Thompson, RM, Ward, MB, Yuan, Z, Kardynal, BE, See, P, Farrer, I, Lobo, C, Cooper, K & Ritchie, DA 2003, 'Self-assembled quantum dots as a source of single photons and photon pairs', Physica Status Solidi (B) Basic Research, vol. 238, pp. 353-359.

Shinozaki, K & Dennis, ES 2003, 'Cell signalling and gene regulation - Global analyses of signal transduction and gene expression profiles - Editorial overview', CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 405-409.
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Simon, P, Thomas, P, Okuliar, J & Ray, AS 2003, 'An incremental integral isoconversional method - Determination of activation parameters', Journal Of Thermal Analysis And Calorimetry, vol. 72, no. 3, pp. 867-874.
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An incremental integral isoconversional method for the determination of activation energy as a function of the extent of conversion is presented. The method is based on the treatment of experimental data without their transformation so that the resulting values of activation parameters should not be biased. The method was tested for recovering the activation energies from simulated data and employed for the treatment of experimental data of the NiS recrystallisation.

Simpson, AM, Elgundi, Z, Tao, CZ, Swan, MA & Winch, D 2003, 'Insulin Trafficking In A Glucose-responsive Human Liver Cell Line-huh7-egfpins', Journal Of Gene Medicine, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 1-1.
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NA

Siverajah, S, Ryce, C, Morrison, DJ & Ellis, JT 2003, 'Characterization of an alpha tubulin gene sequence from Neospora caninum and Hammondia heydorni, and their comparison to homologous genes from Apicomplexa', Parasitology, vol. 126, pp. 561-569.
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Smith, G, Gentle, AR, Swift, PD, Earp, AA & Mronga, N 2003, 'Coloured paints based on coated flakes of metal as the pigment, for enhanced solar reflectance and cooler interiors: description and theory', Solar Energy Materials And Solar Cells, vol. 79, no. 2, pp. 163-177.
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Smith, G, Gentle, AR, Swift, PD, Earp, AA & Mronga, N 2003, 'Coloured paints based on iron oxide and silicon oxide coated flakes of aluminium as the pigment, for energy efficient paint: optical and thermal experiments', Solar Energy Materials And Solar Cells, vol. 79, no. 2, pp. 179-197.
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Smith, G, Jonsson, JC & Franklin, J 2003, 'Spectral and global diffuse properties of high-performance translucent polymer sheets for energy efficient lighting and skylights', Applied Optics, vol. 42, no. 19, pp. 3981-3991.
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A visible and near-IR spectral study is presented for a translucent smooth polymer sheet in which dopant particles are clear polymer with a refractive index close to that of the clear polymer host. Diffuse, specular, and total reflectance and transmittance and absorptance as a function of sheet thickness and dopant levels approach ideal behavior for lighting applications. A fourth optical parameter, side loss ST, is introduced to fully account for the measured data. This covers radiation that is trapped by total internal reflection (TIR) and travels sideways sufficiently far, including to the sheets edges, to miss detection on exit. ST has a strong spectral character, whereas total T and R spectra closely follow the spectrally flat wavelength dependence of the undoped clear sheet. Three distinct regimes are identified for the behavior with wavelength of the specular and diffuse components and are linked to rear surface TIR and side loss

Smith, GH, Botten, LC, McPhedran, RC & Nicorovici, NA 2003, 'Cylinder gratings in conical incidence with applications to woodpile structures', Physical Review E, vol. 67, no. 5, pp. 1-10.
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We use our previous formulation for cylinder gratings in conical incidence to discuss the photonic band gap properties of woodpile structures. We study scattering matrices and Bloch modes of the woodpile, and use these toinvestigate the dependence of the optical properties on the number of layers. We give data on reflectance, transmittance and absorptance of metallic woodpiles as a function of wavelength and number of layers, using both the measured optical constants of tungsten and using a perfect conductivity idealization to characterize the metal. For semi-infinite metallic woodpiles, we show that polarization of the incident field is important, highlighting the role played by surface effects as opposed to lattice effects.

Smith, GH, Botten, LC, McPhedran, RC & Nicorovici, NA 2003, 'Cylinder gratings in conical incidence with applications to woodpile structures', Physical Review E - Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics, vol. 67, no. 5 2.
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A theoretical account of the woodpile photonic crystal, including the derivation of explicit analytic expression for the reflectance, transmittance, and absorptance of a structure with either a finite or an infinite number of layers was given. In the case of a finite structure, it was shown how the transmittance, reflectance, and absorptance for a given number of layers depends on the eigenvalues and Bloch coefficients of the layer transfer matrix T. The treatment enables to analyze both dielectric and metallic woodpiles, including the case of perfect conductivity, where in the metallic case the measured values of optical constants were used.

Solina, DM, Cheary, RW, Swift, PD & McCredie, G 2003, 'The fabrication of stable platinum-silicon oxide multilayers for X-ray mirrors', Thin Solid Films, vol. 423, no. 1, pp. 1-12.
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An investigation has been carried out to determine the conditions required for the fabrication of stable SiO2Pt multilayers using DC-magnetron sputtering for the Pt and RF-magnetron sputtering for the SiO2. As a preliminary investigation, single layers of Pt on SiO2 were analysed by X-ray reflectivity (XRR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to develop a model of the PtSiO2 interface layer. The results indicated that a distinct interface layer develops as a Pt silicate approximately 6 Å thick. SiO2Pt multilayers fabricated with a period d>65 Å using pure argon as the sputtering gas, display X-ray reflectivity patterns which can be accurately characterised by a repeating bilayer model. When d<65 Å the multilayer becomes unstable upon exposure to air. Additional peaks develop in the XRR pattern which increase in magnitude with time. These peaks arise from the expansion of the SiO2 layers in the multilayer starting from the top bilayer and gradually working through the multilayer. In the as-prepared specimens the SiO2 layers are incompletely oxidised and have a composition SiOx (x<2) and, on exposure to air, oxygen diffuses through the multilayer surface converting the SiOx to SiO2. By introducing a small partial pressure of oxygen into the sputtering gas during deposition, multilayers with d<65 Å remained stable on exposure to air. Under these conditions the density of the platinum layers determined from XRR measurements was reduced by approximately 25%. XPS showed that the platinum layer contained bonded oxygen in the form of platinum oxide PtOx (x<1). SiO2/PtOx multilayers have been fabricated with periods down to 13 Å, but the intensity of the first order peak drops off dramatically once the thickness of the PtOx layer is less that 1012 Å.

Soule, DBBJ, Dorsett, HE & Ford, M 2003, 'The electronic structure of Be and BeO: benchmark EMS measurements and LCAO calculations', Journal Of Physics And Chemistry Of Solids, vol. 64, no. 3, pp. 495-505.
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The electronic band structures of Be and BeO have been measured by transmission electron momentum spectroscopy (EMS). The low atomic number of beryllium and the use of ultrathin solid films in these experiments reduce the probability of electron multiple scattering within the sample, resulting in very clean `benchmark measurements for the EMS technique. Experimental data are compared to tight-binding (LCAO) electronic structure calculations using HartreeFock , and local density (LDA-VWN), gradient corrected (PBE) and hybrid (PBE0) density functional theory. Overall, DFT calculations reproduce the EMS data for metallic Be reasonably well. PBE predictions for the valence bandwidth of Be are in excellent agreement with EMS data, provided the calculations employ a large basis set augmented with diffuse functions. For BeO, PBE calculations using a moderately sized basis set are in reasonable agreement with experiment, slightly underestimating the valence bandgap and overestimating the O(2s) and O(2p) bandwidths. The calculations also underestimate the EMS intensity of the O(2p) band around the ?-point. Simulation of the effects of multiple scattering in the calculated oxide bandstructures do not explain these systematic differences.

Speer, MS, Leslie, LM & Qi, L 2003, 'Numerical prediction of severe convection: comparison with operational forecasts', METEOROLOGICAL APPLICATIONS, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 11-19.
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Stark, PC, Burge, HA, Ryan, LM, Milton, DK & Gold, DR 2003, 'Fungal levels in the home and lower respiratory tract illnesses in the first year of life', American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, vol. 168, no. 2, pp. 232-237.
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The association between home dampness and lower respiratory symptoms in children has been well documented. Whether fungal exposures contribute to this association is uncertain. In a prospective birth cohort of 499 children of parents with asthma/allergies, we examined in-home fungal concentrations as predictors of lower respiratory illnesses (LRI) (croup, pneumonia, bronchitis, and bronchiolitis) in the first year. In multivariate analyses, we found a significant increased relative risk (RR) between LRI and high levels (more than the 90th percentile) of airborne Penicillium (RR = 1.73, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23, 2.43), dust-borne Clodosporium (RR = 1.52; Cl, 1.02, 2.25), Zygornycetes (RR = 1.96; CI, 1.35, 2.83), and Alternaria (RR = 1.51; CI, 1.00, 2.28), after controlling for sex, presence of water damage or visible mold/mildew, born in winter, breastfeeding, and being exposed to other children through siblings. In a multivariate analysis, the RR of LRI was elevated in households with any fungal level at more than the 90th percentile (RR = 1.86; CI, 1.21, 2.88). Exposure to high fungal levels increased the risk of LRI in infancy, even for infants with nonwheezing LRI. Actual mechanisms remain unknown, but fungi and their components (glucans, mycotoxins, and proteins) may increase the risk of LRI by acting as irritants or through increasing susceptibility to infection.

Stauber, A & Booth, DJ 2003, 'Allometry in the Bearded Dragon Pogona barbata (Sauria:Agamidae) : Sex and Geographic differences', Australian Zoologist, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 238-245.

Stopar, D, Cerne, A, Zigman, M, Poljsak-Prijatelj, M & Turk, V 2003, 'Viral abundance and a high proportion of lysogens suggest that viruses are important members of the microbial community in the Gulf of Trieste', MICROBIAL ECOLOGY, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 249-256.
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Suggett, DJ, Oxborough, K, Baker, N, Macintyre, H, Kana, T & Geider, R 2003, 'Fast Repetition Rate And Pulse Amplitude Modulation Chlorophyll A Fluorescence Measurements For Assessment Of Photosynthetic Electron Transport In Marine Phytoplankton', European Journal Of Phycology, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 371-384.
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Pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) and fast repetition rate (FRR) fluorescence are currently used to estimate photosynthetic quantum yields and photosynthetic rates in aquatic systems. Here we compare simultaneous measurements of the photochemical efficien

Swift, PD & Smith, G 2003, 'Color considerations in fluorescent solar concentrator stacks', Applied Optics, vol. 42, no. 25, pp. 5112-5117.
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We present modeled results of the luminous and color outputs of a three-layer stack of fluorescent planar concentrators (FPCs). FPCs have the potential to provide sufficient luminous output to illuminate moderate-sized rooms for reasonably-sized collecting areas. It is of course necessary not only that the lumens be sufficient, but also that the light be sufficiently white as to be comfortable. Modeling shows that by use of a stack of three FPCs, one each of violet, green, and red, it is possible to achieve good color rendering and sufficient lighting levels for room illumination

Swift, PD, Solina, DM, Cheary, RW & McCredie, G 2003, 'Investigation of the interfacial structure of ultra-thin platinum film deposited by cathodic-arc', Thin Solid Films, vol. 440, no. 1-2, pp. 117-122.
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Ultra-thin films are of interest in the production of X-ray mirrors that use a multilayer structure. The most commonly used deposition techniques are dc magnetron sputtering and electron beam evaporation; this paper presents results of cathodicarc deposition. Ultra thin films of platinum with nominal thicknesses in the range 1565 Å were deposited on silicon substrates and the film structure investigated using X-ray reflectivity and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It has been found that the structure of the deposited films consists of three layersthe platinum film, a silicon oxide layer and a platinum silicide layer. In contrast to dc magnetron and electron beam deposited films, the silicide layer of cathodicarc deposited films have a higher density and greater thickness, which is attributed to the higher energy process of this deposition technique. These attributes of the cathodicarc deposited films suggest that the deposition technique is not suitable for production of mirrors of materials that react with each other, but for materials that do not the deposition technique is potentially more favourable than that of e-beam and magnetron sputtering.

Tadege, M, Sheldon, CC, Helliwell, CA, Upadhyaya, NM, Dennis, ES & Peacock, WJ 2003, 'Reciprocal control of flowering time by OsSOC1 in transgenic Arabidopsis and by FLC in transgenic rice', PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL, vol. 1, no. 5, pp. 361-369.
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Thomas, J, Buzzini, P, Massonnet, G & Roux, CP 2003, 'Raman Spectroscopy Vs. Current Fibre Examination Techniques', Forensic Science International, vol. 136, pp. 118-118.
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NA

Thomas, J, Buzzini, P, Roux, CP & Reedy, BJ 2003, 'A Further Look At Raman Spectroscopy For The Forensic Examination Of Fibres', Forensic Science International, vol. 136, pp. 125-125.
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NA

Thomas, J, Roux, CP, Reedy, BJ & Robertson, J 2003, 'Raman Spectroscopy Of Environmentally Degraded Fibre Samples', Forensic Science International, vol. 136, pp. 118-119.
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NA

Thomas, P & Stuart, BH 2003, 'DSC characterisation of compression moulded PEEK-PTFE plaques', Journal Of Thermal Analysis And Calorimetry, vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 675-679.
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Compression moulded plaques of a range of poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK)- poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) blends (100, 92, 48, 29, 9.5 and 0 mass% PEEK) have been characterised using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide angle X-ray crystallography (WAXD). A shift in the melting peak of the PEEK phase from 347 to 358°C was observed with increasing proportion of PTFE in the blend. A narrowing of the melting range was also observed. Correspondingly, WAXD measurements showed a reduction in the d-spacings. The observed changes in morphology are rationalised in terms of a higher degree of order imparted on the PEEK crystalline phase by the transmission of an applied 'hydrostatic' pressure by the presence of the PTFE.

Thomas, P, Hirschausen, D, White, RE, Guerbois, JL & Ray, AS 2003, 'Characterisation of the oxidation products of pyrite by thermogravimetric and evolved gas analysis', Journal Of Thermal Analysis And Calorimetry, vol. 72, no. 3, pp. 769-776.
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Museum specimens of pyrite are known to undergo oxidation even during storage. Characterisation of the oxidation products is however not always simple due to amorphous character and varying degrees of hydration of the oxidation products. This paper presents an alternative approach to the characterisation of oxidation products by identifying their presence from their characteristic thermal decomposition processes using thermogravimetric and evolved gas analysis. Four pyrite specimens were characterised with varying degrees of oxidation. Iron(II) and iron(III) sulphates were also characterised for comparative purposes. The degradation products were observed to correlate well with the presence of iron(II) sulphate even though there was found to be some discrepancy in the higher temperature decomposition reactions.

Thomas, P, Simon, P & Ray, AS 2003, 'The effect of thermal history on the morphology of nickel sulphide', Journal Of Thermal Analysis And Calorimetry, vol. 72, no. 3, pp. 801-809.
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The DSC characterisation of the morphology of the metastable a phase of stoichiometric nickel sulphide was carried out using two calorimeters; a TA Instruments 2920 MDSC and a Perkin Elmer DSC-7, and two quenching histories. Based on these quenching histories, significant differences were observed in the heat flow curves, including the observation of a second exothermic peak which is tentatively assigned to be a metastable phase to metastable phase transformation. The kinetic constants for the a to b recrystallisation were determined as a function of degree of conversion using a mechanism free isoconversional model. Variations in the values of the kinetic constants were also ascribed to the quenching histories. Although the differences in morphology observed were ascribed to the processing history, the shift in the position of the a to b recrystallisation peak was partially attributed to the thermal resistances of the instruments used.

Thompson, LS, Webb, JS, Rice, SA & Kjelleberg, S 2003, 'The alternative sigma factor RpoN regulates the quorum sensing gene rhlI in Pseudomonas aeruginosa', FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS, vol. 220, no. 2, pp. 187-195.
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Ton-That, C, Shard, AG, Egger, S, Dhanak, VR & Welland, ME 2003, 'Modulations of valence-band photoemission spectrum from C60 monolayers on Ag(111)', Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, vol. 67, no. 15, pp. 1554151-1554156.
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The photon-energy dependences of valence-band photoemission spectra have been investigated for monolayer, submonolayer, and multilayer C60 films on Ag(111). The intensity ratios of the highest and next-highest occupied molecular orbitals (the HOMO and NHOMO) of the films are found to oscillate with the same period as the incident photon energy is varied, but the amplitude of the oscillation is smaller with lower film coverage. Since the characteristics of the molecular orbitals of C60 in the monolayers are considerably different from those of the thick film due to the charge-transfer interaction between the metallic surface and the molecule the observation opposes the proposal in which the oscillation is entirely dependent on the nature of the empty and occupied states involved in the photoemission process. The results instead support the photoelectron interference model by Hasegawa et al. [Phys. Rev. B 58, 4927 (1998)]. Variation of the oscillation amplitude with C60 coverage is explained in terms of hybridization of the HOMO and NHOMO with the surface, Depositing C60 onto Ag(111) held at a high temperature produces a single-phase (2√3 × 2√3) R30° C60 monolayer. Angle-resolved photoemission experiments reveal changes in the relative intensities of the two bands with the azimuth-emission angle, measured with respect to the symmetry axes of the ordered monolayer. The intensity modulation is due to anisotropic scattering of photoelectrons along various molecular axes.

Ton-That, C, Shard, AG, Egger, S, Dhanak, VR & Welland, ME 2003, 'Modulations of valence-band photoemission spectrum from C-60 monolayers on Ag(111)', Physical Review B, vol. 67, no. 15, pp. 1-6.
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The photon-energy dependences of valence-band photoemission spectra have been investigated for monolayer, submonolayer, and multilayer C60 films on Ag(111). The intensity ratios of the highest and next-highest occupied molecular orbitals (the HOMO and NHOMO) of the films are found to oscillate with the same period as the incident photon energy is varied, but the amplitude of the oscillation is smaller with lower film coverage. Since the characteristics of the molecular orbitals of C60 in the monolayers are considerably different from those of the thick film due to the charge-transfer interaction between the metallic surface and the molecule the observation opposes the proposal in which the oscillation is entirely dependent on the nature of the empty and occupied states involved in the photoemission process. The results instead support the photoelectron interference model by Hasegawa et al. [Phys. Rev. B 58, 4927 (1998)]. Variation of the oscillation amplitude with C60 coverage is explained in terms of hybridization of the HOMO and NHOMO with the surface. Depositing C60 onto Ag(111) held at a high temperature produces a single-phase (2sqrt[3]×2sqrt[3]) R30° C60 monolayer. Angle-resolved photoemission experiments reveal changes in the relative intensities of the two bands with the azimuth-emission angle, measured with respect to the symmetry axes of the ordered monolayer. The intensity modulation is due to anisotropic scattering of photoelectrons along various molecular axes.

Ton-That, C, Shard, AG, Egger, S, Dhanak, VR, Taninaka, A, Shinohara, H & Welland, ME 2003, 'Orientation and constraints of endohedral lanthanum in La@C82 molecules adsorbed on Cu(111)', Physical Review B, vol. 68, no. 4, pp. 1-6.
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The orientation of the endohedral La atom in La@C82 adsorbed on Cu(111) has been determined using the normal-incidence x-ray standing wave (NIXSW) technique. The NIXSW measurements were carried out using both the normal ?111? and 70.5° off-normal ?1¯11? Bragg reflections. The La ?1¯11? profiles of the La@C82 monolayer and submonolayers are found to be similar to the ?111? profile of the multilayer, while the ?111? profiles of the monolayer and submonolayers are distinctly different with much lower peak height. This indicates significant ordering of the La atoms in the monolayers with respect to height above the Cu surface but little lateral ordering. The results of curve fits to the monolayer profiles show that the La atoms are regionally located at 1.62 (±0.77) Å above an extended scattering plane from the crystal. Cooling the monolayers to a temperature of 170 K increases ordering of the La atoms with respect to height above the surface. The NIXSW results demonstrate that the endohedral molecules adopt a restricted orientation upon adsorbing on the surface and the La atom resides on either the upper or lower half of the cage. Theoretical calculations show that the most stable La positions are located in the top half of the fullerene cage, which supports the La upper configuration. The results are explained in terms of electrostatic interactions between the endohedral atom, the fullerene cage, and the substrate.

Ton-That, C, Shard, AG, Egger, S, Taninaka, A, Shinohara, H & Welland, ME 2003, 'Structural and electronic properties of ordered La@C-82 films on Si(111)', SURFACE SCIENCE, vol. 522, no. 1-3, pp. L15-L20.
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Ton-That, C, Shard, G, Egger, S, Dhanak, R, Taninaka, A, Shinohara, H & Welland, E 2003, 'Orientation and constraints of endohedral lanthanum in La @C82 molecules adsorbed on Cu(111)', Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, vol. 68, no. 4.
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The orientation of the endohedral La atom in La@C82 adsorbed on Cu(111) has been determined using the normal-incidence x-ray standing wave (NIXSW) technique. The NIXSW measurements were carried out using both the normal 〈111〉 and 70.5° off-normal 〈1¯11〉 Bragg reflections. The La 〈1¯11〉 profiles of the La @C82 monolayer and submonolayers are found to be similar to the 〈111〉 profile of the multilayer, while the 〈111〉 profiles of the monolayer and submonolayers are distinctly different with much lower peak height. This indicates significant ordering of the La atoms in the monolayers with respect to height above the Cu surface but little lateral ordering. The results of curve fits to the monolayer profiles show that the La atoms are regionally located at 1.62 (±0.77) Å above an extended scattering plane from the crystal. Cooling the monolayers to a temperature of 170 K increases ordering of the La atoms with respect to height above the surface. The NIXSW results demonstrate that the endohedral molecules adopt a restricted orientation upon adsorbing on the surface and the La atom resides on either the upper or lower half of the cage. Theoretical calculations show that the most stable La positions are located in the top half of the fullerene cage, which supports the La upper configuration. The results are explained in terms of electrostatic interactions between the endohedral atom, the fullerene cage, and the substrate. © 2003 The American Physical Society.

Toth, M, Thiel, BL & Donald, AM 2003, 'Interpretation of secondary electron images obtained using a low vacuum SEM', Ultramicroscopy, vol. 94, pp. 71-87.
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Trevaskis, B, Bagnall, DJ, Ellis, MH, Peacock, WJ & Dennis, ES 2003, 'MADS box genes control vernalization-induced flowering in cereals', PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, vol. 100, no. 22, pp. 13099-13104.
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Tuch, BE, Szymanska, B, Yao, M, Tabiin, MT, Gross, DJ, Holman, S, Swan, MA, Humphrey, R, Marshall, GM & Simpson, AM 2003, 'Function of a genetically modified human liver cell line that stores, processes and secretes insulin', Gene Therapy, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 490-503.
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Upston, JM & Booth, DJ 2003, 'Settlement and density of juvenile fish assemblages in natural, Zostera capricorni (Zosteraceae) and artificial seagrass beds', Environmental Biology Of Fishes, vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 91-97.
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Van Reyk, DM, Gillies, MC & Davies, MJ 2003, 'The retina: oxidative stress and diabetes', Redox Report, vol. 8, pp. 187-192.
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Vivian, JP, Hastings, AF, Duggin, IG, Wake, RG, Wilce, MJ & Wilce, JA 2003, 'The impact of single cysteine residue mutations on the replication terminator protein', Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communication, vol. 310, no. 4, pp. 1096-1103.
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We report the structural and biophysical consequences of cysteine substitutions in the DNA-binding replication terminator protein (RTP) of Bacillus subtilis, that resulted in an optimised RTP mutant suitable for structural studies. The cysteine residue 110 was replaced with alanine, valine or serine. Protein secondary structure and stability (using circular dichroism spectropolarimetry), self-association (using analytical ultracentrifugation), and DNA-binding measurements revealed RTP.C110S to be the most similar mutant to wild-type RTP. The C110A and C110V.RTP mutants were less soluble, less stable and showed lower DNA-binding affinity. The structure of RTP.C110S, solved to 2.5AA resolution using crystallographic methods, showed no major structural perturbation due to the mutation. Heteronuclear NMR spectroscopic studies revealed subtle differences in the electronic environment about the site of mutation. The study demonstrates the suitability of serine as a substitute for cysteine in RTP and the high sensitivity of protein behaviour to single amino acid substitutions.

Walsh, CT, Pease, BC & Booth, DJ 2003, 'Sexual dimorphism and gonadal development of the Australian longfinned river eel', Journal Of Fish Biology, vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 137-152.
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Wand, M 2003, 'Smoothing and mixed models', Computational Statistics, vol. 18, pp. 223-249.

Wang, G, Ahn, J, Yao, J, Lindsay, M, Liu, HK & Dou, SX 2003, 'Preparation and characterization of carbon nanotubes for energy storage', Journal of Power Sources, vol. 119-121, pp. 16-23.
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Wang, G, Bewlay, S, Yao, J, Chen, Y, Guo, ZP, Liu, HK & Dou, SX 2003, 'Multiple-ion-doped lithium nickel oxides as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries', Journal of Power Sources, vol. 119-121, pp. 189-194.
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Wang, G, Bradhurst, DH, Dou, SX & Liu, RS 2003, 'LiTi2(PO4)3 with NASICON-type structure as lithium-storage materials', Journal of Power Sources, vol. 124, pp. 231-236.
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Wang, ZX, Liu, C & Huete, A 2003, 'From AVHRR-NDVI to MODIS-EVI: Advances in vegetation index research', Acta Ecologica Sinica, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 979-987.
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NA

Waters, RL, Mitchell, JG & Seymour, JR 2003, 'Geostatistical characterisation of centimetre-scale spatial structure of in vivo fluorescence', Marine Ecology Progress Series, vol. 251.

Webb, JK, Brook, BW & Shine, R 2003, 'Does foraging mode influence life history traits? A comparative study of growth, maturation and survival of two species of sympatric snakes from south-eastern Australia', Austral Ecology, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 601-610.
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Theory predicts that compared with active searchers, ambush foragers should have lower rates of energy intake, slower growth, and higher survival rates. We tested these predictions with data on two species of sympatric, saurophagous, small-bodied, viviparous elapid snakes: the broad-headed snake, Hoplocephalus bungaroides, and the small-eyed snake, Rhinoplocephalus nigrescens. Demographic parameters and growth curves for both species were estimated from a long-term (9 years) mark-recapture study in Morton National Park, south-eastern Australia. The ambush predator (H. bungaroides) displayed slower juvenile growth and later maturation (5 years for males, 6 years for females) than did the active forager (R. nigrescens, 3 years). Litter sizes were similar in both species, but reproductive frequency was higher in R. nigrescens (90-100%) than in H. bungaroides (50%). Juvenile survival was lower in the active searcher (31%) than in the ambush forager (55%), but adult survivorship was similar (74% vs 82%). Our results support the hypothesis that ambush foragers display 'slow' life history traits, but additional phylogenetically independent comparisons are needed to evaluate the generality of this pattern.

Wei, J, Goldberg, M, Burland, V, Venkatesan, M, Deng, W, Fournier, G, Mayhew, G, Plunkett, G, Rose, D, Darling, AE, Mau, B, Perna, N, Payne, S, Runyen-janecky, L, Zhou, S, Schwartz, D & Blattner, F 2003, 'Complete Genome Sequence And Comparative Genomics Of Shigella Flexneri Serotype 2a Strain 2457T', Infection And Immunity, vol. 71, no. 5, pp. 2775-2786.
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We determined the complete genome sequence of Shigella flexneri serotype 2a strain 2457T (4,599,354 bp). Shigella species cause >1 million deaths per year from dysentery and diarrhea and have a lifestyle that is markedly different from those of closely r

Wei, J, Goldberg, MB, Burland, V, Venkatesan, MM, Deng, W, Fournier, G, Mayhew, GF, Plunkett, G, Rose, DJ, Darling, A, Mau, B, Perna, NT, Payne, SM, Runyen-Janecky, LJ, Zhou, S, Schwartz, DC & Blattner, FR 2003, 'Erratum: Complete genome sequence and comparative genomics of Shigella flexneri serotype 2a strain 2457T (Infection and Immunity (2003) 71:5 (2775-2786))', Infection and Immunity, vol. 71, no. 7, p. 4223.
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Wheatley, M, McDonagh, AM, Brungs, M, Chaplin, R & Sizgek, R 2003, 'A study of reverse bias in a dye sensitised photoelectrochemical device', SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS and SOLAR CELLS, vol. 76, no. 2, pp. 175-181.
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A dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar subjected to reverse bias of800 mV showed no measurable loss in performance. However, at 2000 mV, a dramatic and irreversible reduction in the cells performance is observed. Raman spectroscopy experiments suggested that no desorption ofthe photosensitising dye occurred. Spectroelectrochemical experiments revealed that an irreversible loss ofintensity in the metal to ligand charge transfer band at 540nm occurred. In practical terms, these results indicate that cells which are incorrectly connected to an array ofcells or a system failure where potentials greater than 1500mV are present, may be irreversibly damaged.

Whitchurch, CB 2003, 'FimX, A Multidomain Protein Connecting Environmental Signals To Twitching Motility In Pseudomonas Aeruginosa', Journal Of Bacteriology, vol. 185, no. 24, pp. 7068-7076.
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Twitching motility is a form of surface translocation mediated by the extension, tethering, and retraction of type IV pili. Three independent Tn5-B21 mutations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with reduced twitching motility were identified in a new locus which

White, TP, Botten, LC, McPhedran, RC & de Sterke, CM 2003, 'Ultracompact resonant filters in photonic crystals', Optics Letters, vol. 28, no. 24, pp. 2452-2454.
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A novel design for an ultracompact, high-Q notch-rejection filter is presented, and an analytic expression for the transmission properties is derived. This folded directional coupler shares the properties of a FabryPerot resonator and a directional coupler. We compare and contrast the device to high-Q FabryPerot cavities in photonic crystal waveguides.

White, TP, Kuhlmey, BT, McPhedran, RC, Maystre, D, Renversez, G, De Sterke, CM & Botten, LC 2003, 'Multipole method for microstructured optical fibers. Iota. Formulation (vol 19, pg 2322, 2002)', JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS, vol. 20, no. 7, pp. 1581-1581.
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White, TP, Kuhlmey, BT, McPhedran, RC, Maystre, D, Renversez, G, Martijn de Sterke, C & Botten, LC 2003, 'Erratum: Multipole method for microstructured optical fibers. I. Formulation (Journal of the Optical Society of America B - Optical Physics (2002) 19 (2322-2330))', Journal of the Optical Society of America B: Optical Physics, vol. 20, no. 7, p. 1581.
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Williams, DBG, Caddy, J & Blann, K 2003, 'Fragmentation and cleavage reactions mediated by samarium iodide. Part 2: alpha- and beta-elimination reactions of c-x substrates', ORGANIC PREPARATIONS AND PROCEDURES INTERNATIONAL, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 307-+.

Witcombe, DM, Belli, SI, Wallach, M & Smith, NC 2003, 'Molecular characterisation of EmTFP250: a novel member of the TRAP protein family in Eimeria maxima', International Journal For Parasitology, vol. 33, no. 7, pp. 691-702.
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Xiao, LH, Liu, R, Craig, DC & Baker, T 2003, 'Complexes of a new N3S2 macrocycle: Synthesis, structure and electrospray mass spectrometry', Journal Of Coordination Chemistry, vol. 56, no. 11, pp. 923-932.
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The silver(I) complex of a 15-membered macrocyclic ligand with an N3S2 donor set (L1) has been prepared by the reaction of 2,6-diacetylpyridine with 1,8-diamino-3,6-dithiaoctane in the presence of silver(I) ions. A reduced form (L2) of the ligand, in which the imine groups are converted to amines, was prepared by the reduction of the silver(I) complex by sodium borohydride. The ligand L2 has been characterised by various spectroscopic techniques and the copper(II) complex has been prepared. The metal complexes of L1 and L2 have been characterised by electrospray mass spectrometry and UV-visible spectroscopy. The copper(II) complex of L1 has been synthesised from [AgL1]+ via metal exchange. [CuL1](ClO4)2 crystallises in the orthorhombic space group Pna21 with a = 14.374(5) Aring, b = 12.947(3) Aring, c = 11.824(3) Aring with Z = 4. The geometry about the metal centre approximates trigonal bipyramidal with the pyridinyl nitrogen and the sulfur donors in the equatorial positions and the imine nitrogen donors in the axial positions. Metal ion exchange and the relative stabilities of metal complexes of the macrocyclic ligands were studied by electrospray mass spectrometry.

Xiao, ZJ, Linton, OB, Carroll, RJ & Mammen, E 2003, 'More efficient local polynomial estimation in nonparametric regression with autocorrelated errors', JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION, vol. 98, no. 464, pp. 980-992.
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Yao, J, Wang, G, Ahn, J, Liu, H & Dou, SX 2003, 'Electrochemical studies of graphitized mesocarbon microbeads as an anode in lithium-ion cells', Journal of Power Sources, vol. 114, pp. 292-297.
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Yatsunenko, S, Khachapuridze, A, Ivanov, V, Godlewski, MM, Khoi, L, Golacki, Z, Karczewski, G, Goldys, EM, Phillips, M, Klar, PJ & Heimbrodt, W 2003, 'Spin dependent interactions of free carriers and manganese ions in nanostructures of wide band gap II-Mn-VI semiconductors - mechanism of lifetime reduction', ACTA Physica Polonica, vol. 103, no. 6, pp. 643-648.
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Based on the results of optically detected magnetic resonance and time-resolved investigations we relate the observed lifetime shortening of intra-shell Mn2+ emission to spin dependent magnetic interactions between localized spins of Mn2+ ions and spins/magnetic moments of free carriers. We show that this mechanism is active in both bulk and in low dimensional structures, such as quantum wells, quantum dots, and nanostructures.

Yeap, BY, Catalano, PJ, Ryan, LM & Davidian, M 2003, 'Robust two-stage approach to repeated measurements analysis of chronic ozone exposure in rats', Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 438-454.
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A robust two-stage approach is used to reanalyze the repeated measurements from an experiment of airway responsiveness in rats randomized to long-term exposure at four ozone doses. The concentration-response data generated for each rat may be represented as a hierarchical nonlinear model encompasing the sources of variation within and between individual profile for each rat, the conditional modeling approach can assess the adequacy of an assumed mean model, a fundamental advantage not intrinsic to marginal techniques. The two-stage population inference is based on the estimated individual parameters, thus maintaining an intuitive appeal to the toxicologists who traditionally have fitted a separate curve for each animal and then applied ANOVA to the summary statistics. However, we formally adjust the standard errors for the extra variability due to the initial estimation of the individual parameters and also allow for their within-rat correlation. The robust two-stage method appropriately down weights the a berrant responses arising sporadically within individualsand, more importantly, the rats which may be outlying relative to the usual population variation. The true effect of chronic ozone exposure, including a significant gender interaction, may be masked by a few rats which exert undue influence on the population estimates in a nonrobust analysis.

Yoshioka, H, Miura, T & Huete, A 2003, 'An Isoline-Based Translation Technique of Spectral Vegetation Index Using EO-1 Hyperion Data', IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 1363-1372.
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The availability of similar satellite data products from multiple sensors has focused much attention on the issue of continuity across satellite data products from past, current, and future sensors. Hyperspectral datasets acquired over a variety of land cover types are extremely useful in attempting to resolve spectral differences in the global datasets from different sensors. The datasets from the Earth Observing 1 (EO-1) Hyperion sensor are very suitable for this purpose, as is airborne hyperspectral data. In this paper, we examine the possibility of translating vegetation index (VI) data between two sensors by using imagery from the Hyperion sensor and utilizing the vegetation isoline concept. The objectives of this paper are to introduce and test a VI translation technique, focused on the spectral differences associated with sensor spectral bandpass filters. The translation of global VI datasets from one sensor to another requires a methodology applicable over various land cover types and throughout the wide ranges in VI values. To meet these requirements, a technique is proposed that utilizes adjustable translation coefficients, based on an estimation of the leaf area index value relative to a numerical canopy model. The theoretical basis of the proposed translation algorithm is explained in terms of the vegetation isoline concept. Its performance was tested through a numerical experiment with a Hyperion image, focusing on the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) as a representative vegetation index. The results indicate the potential of the isoline-based translation technique for stable translation throughout wide ranges of NDVI values.

Zaslawski, CJ 2003, 'Clinical Reasoning in traditional Chinese medicine: implications for clinical research', Clinical Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine, vol. 4, pp. 94-101.
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The diagnostic processes of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) are fundamental to the practice of acupuncture. A review was conducted of some central issues underlying pattern differentiation and the integration of the TCM diagnostic system into acupuncture research. Problems with diagnostic reliability and the implications for clinical trials are discussed. Future research should include diagnostic reliability studies and the development of strategies for improving diagnostic reliability within acupuncture clinical trials.

Zaslawski, CJ, Cobbin, DM, Lidums, E & Petocz, P 2003, 'The impact of site specificity and needle manipulation on changes to pain pressure threshold following manual acupuncture: a controlled study', Complementary Therapies In Medicine, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 11-21.
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Zeppel, MJ, Murray, B & Eamus, D 2003, 'The potential impact of dryland salinity on the threatened flora and fauna of New South Wales', Ecological Management & Restoration, vol. 4 (Sup.), pp. 53-59.
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Zhang, X, Friedl, MA, Schaaf, CB, Strahler, AH, Hodges, JC, Gao, F, Reed, BC & Huete, A 2003, 'Monitoring vegetation phenology using MODIS', Remote Sensing Of Environment, vol. 84, no. 3, pp. 471-475.
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Accurate measurements of regional to global scale vegetation dynamics (phenology) are required to improve models and understanding of inter-annual variability in terrestrial ecosystem carbon exchange and climate-biosphere interactions. Since the mid-1980s, satellite data have been used to study these processes. In this paper, a new methodology to monitor global vegetation phenology from time series of satellite data is presented. The method uses series of piecewise logistic functions, which are fit to remotely sensed vegetation index (VI) data, to represent intra-annual vegetation dynamics. Using this approach, transition dates for vegetation activity within annual time series of VI data can be determined from satellite data. The method allows vegetation dynamics to be monitored at large scales in a fashion that it is ecologically meaningful and does not require pre-smoothing of data or the use of user-defined thresholds. Preliminary results based on an annual time series of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data for the northeastern United States demonstrate that the method is able to monitor vegetation phenology with good success.

Zhou, X, Waite, KA, Pilarski, R, Hampel, H, Fernandez, MJ, Bos, C, Dasouki, M, Feldman, GL, Greenberg, LA, Ivanovich, J, Matloff, E, Patterson, A, Pierpont, ME, Russo, D, Nassif, N & Eng, C 2003, 'Germline PTEN promoter mutations and deletions in Cowden/Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome result in aberrant PTEN protein and dysregulation of the phosphoinositol-3-kinase/Akt pathway', American Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 73, no. 2, pp. 404-411.
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Germline intragenic mutations in PTEN are associated with 80% of patients with Cowden syndrome (CS) and 60% of patients with Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome (BRRS). The underlying genetic causes remain to be determined in a considerable proportion of classic CS and BRRS without a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)detectable PTEN mutation. We hypothesized that gross gene deletions and mutations in the PTEN promoter might alternatively account for a subset of apparently mutation-negative patients with CS and BRRS. Using real time and multiplex PCR techniques, we identified three germline hemizygous PTEN deletions in 122 apparently mutationnegative patients with classic CS (N=95) or BRRS (N=27). Fine mapping suggested that one deletion encompassed the whole gene and the other two included exon 1 and encompassed exons 1-5 of PTEN, respectively. Two patients with the deletion were diagnosed with BRRS, and one patient with the deletion was diagnosed with BRRS/CS overlap (features of both).

Zhou, XP, Marsh, DJ, Morrison, CD, Chaudhury, AR, Maxwell, M, Reifenberger, G & Eng, C 2003, 'Germline inactivation of PTEN and dysregulation of the phosphoinositol-3-kinase/Akt pathway cause human Lhermitte-Duclos disease in adults', AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS, vol. 73, no. 5, pp. 1191-1198.
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Zhu, QH, Hoque, MS, Dennis, ES & Upadhyaya, NM 2003, 'Ds tagging of BRANCHED FLORETLESS 1 (BFL1) that mediates the transition from spikelet to floret meristem in rice (Oryza sativa L)', BMC Plant Biology, vol. 3.
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Background: The genetics of spikelet formation, a feature unique to grasses such as rice and maize, is yet to be fully understood, although a number of meristem and organ identity mutants have been isolated and investigated in Arabidopsis and maize. Using a two-element Ac/Ds transposon tagging system we have isolated a rice mutant, designated branched floretless 1 (bfl1) which is defective in the transition from spikelet meristem to floret meristem. Results: The bfl1 mutant shows normal differentiation of the primary rachis-branches leading to initial spikelet meristem (bract-like structure equivalent to rudimentary glumes) formation but fails to develop empty glumes and florets. Instead, axillary meristems in the bract-like structure produce sequential alternate branching, thus resulting in a coral shaped morphology of the branches in the developing panicle. The bfl1 mutant harbours a single Ds insertion in the upstream region of the BFL1 gene on chromosome 7 corresponding to PAC clone P0625E02 (GenBank Acc No. AP004570). RT-PCR analyses revealed a drastic reduction of BFL1 transcript levels in the bfl1 mutant compared to that in the wild-type. In each of the normal panicle-bearing progeny plants, from occasional revertant seeds of the vegetatively-propagated mutant plant, Ds was shown to be excised from the bfl1 locus. BFL1 contains an EREBP/AP2 domain and is most likely an ortholog of the maize transcription factor gene BRANCHED SILKLESS1 (BD1). Conclusions: bfl1 is a Ds-tagged rice mutant defective in the transition from spikelet meristem (SM) to floret meristem (FM). BFL1 is most probably a rice ortholog of the maize ERF (EREBP/AP2) transcription factor gene BD1. Based on the similarities in mutant phenotypes bfl1 is likely to be an allele of the previously reported frizzy panicle locus. © 2003 Zhu et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Zinder, Y 2003, 'An iterative algorithm for scheduling UET tasks with due dates and release times', European Journal Of Operational Research, vol. 149, no. 2, pp. 404-416.
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Asatryan, AA, Botten, LC, White, TP, de Sterke, CM, McPhedran, RC & Langtry, T 2003, 'Modelling of complex waveguides structures embedded in photonic crystals', COIN/ACOFT 2003. Proceedings on the Optical Internet and Optical Fibre Technology, Conference on the Optical Internet/Australian Conference on Optical Fibre Technology 2003, COIN/ACOFT 2003, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 145-148.

Ben-Nissan, B, Sher, D & Walsh, W 2003, 'Key Engineering Materials: Preface', Key Engineering Materials.

Bernard, MH, Sidhu, S, Berger, N, Peix, JL, Marsh, DJ, Robinson, BG, Gaston, V, Le Bouc, Y & Gicquel, C 2003, 'A case report in favor of a multistep adrenocortical tumorigenesis', JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM, ENDOCRINE SOC, pp. 998-1001.
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Botten, LC, Asatryan, AA, Langtry, TN, White, TP, De Sterke, CM & McPhedran, RC 2003, 'An analytic treatment of propagation in straight and bent photonic crystal waveguides', OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics Series, pp. 1021-1022.
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A semi-analytic model is developed for coupling and guiding in nano-structured waveguides embedded in two-dimensional photonic crystals. The method, based on Bloch modes and generalized Fresnel coefficients, is applied to waveguide junctions and bends. © 2003 Optical Society of America.

Carroll, RJ 2003, 'Variances are not always nuisance parameters', BIOMETRICS, WILEY, pp. 211-220.
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Chaumet, PC, Rahmani, A & Nieto-Vesperinas, M 2003, 'Selective manipulation of nano-objects using optical forces', Conference on Quantum Electronics and Laser Science (QELS) - Technical Digest Series.
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An experimental scheme in which the tungsten probe of an apertureless near-field microscope which is used to trap and manipulate selectively nanoparticles above a substrate is presented. Since the particles are not in a liquid environment, there is no Brownian motion and the apertureless probe can be used as a near-field optical probe to localize and select the particles. As such, the particles are illuminated by two counterpropagating evanescent waves created by total internal reflection at the substrate/air interface.

Chiarella, C, Nikitopoulos Sklibosios, C & Schlogl, E 2003, 'A Markovian defaultable term structure model with state dependent volatilities', Quantitative Methods in Finance 2003 Conference, Quantitative Methods in Finance 2003 Conference, --, Sydney, Australia.

Chiarella, C, Schlogl, E & Nikitopoulos Sklibosios, C 2003, 'A Markovian defaultable term structure model with state dependent volatilities', CREDIT 2003 Conference on Dependence Modelling for Credit Portfolios, --, Venice, Italy.

Chong, Y, Khalife, A, Hains, PG, Broady, KW & Nicholson, GM 2003, 'Isolation and characterisation of a novel insect selective neurotoxin from the venom of the female Australian eastern mouse spider (Missulena bradleyi)', 14th World Congress on Animal, Plant and Microbial Toxins, Adelaide.

Clarke, IC, Green, DD, Pezzotti, G, Sakakura, S & Ben-Nissan, B 2003, 'The bio-lubrication phenomena (proteins) may control the wear performance of zirconia hip joints', Bioceramics: Materials and Applications IV, 105th Annual Meeting of the American Ceramic Society, The American Ceramic Society, Nashvile, USA, pp. 155-167.

Clarke, IC, Pezzotti, G, Sakakura, S & Ben-Nissan, B 2003, 'Bio-lubrication phenomena affect residual stresses and phases of zirconia implants', Bioceramics 15, Bioceramics 15, Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Sydney, Australia, pp. 781-784.

Cortie, MB 2003, 'Conference report: Nano tech + future 2003 Chiba, Japan, February '03', Gold Bulletin, pp. 59-62.
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de Sterke, CM, Botten, LC, White, TP, McPhedran, RC, Asatryan, AA & Langtry, T 2003, 'Photonic bandgap effects as a basis for novel compact devices', COIN/ACOFT 2003. Conference Proceedings on the Optical Internet and Optical Fibre Technology, Conference on the Optical Internet / Australian Conference on Optical Fibre Technology 2003, COIN/ACOFT 2003, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 133-136.

Ekanayake, SR, Rodanski, B, Cortie, MB & Ford, M 2003, 'Quantum electrical characterisatic of nanocapacitors', 2003 Third IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology, IEEE-Nano 2003, IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology, IEEE, San Franscisco, USA, pp. 756-759.
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Current integrated circuit miniaturization will soon require device sizes at atomic scale. Recent work has proposed many Coulomb blockade, and tunneling devices as active devices. However, among passive components, capacitors are extremely critical circuit elements in all electronic circuits with wide range applications. In this work, we present the operational criteria that will govern the feasibility of nanocapacitors for future nanoelectronic circuits.

Flynn, K, Roux, C, Maynard, P, Du Pasquier, E, Lennard, C & Stoilovic, M 2003, 'The evaluation of spray reagents for the detection of latent fingerprints at the crime scene', FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL, 3rd European-Academy-of-Forensic-Science Meeting, ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD, ISTANBUL, TURKEY, pp. 132-133.

Fussell, DP, McPhedran, RC, De Martijn Sterke, C & Asatryan, AA 2003, 'Three-dimensional local density of states in a finite two-dimensional photonic crystal composed of cylinders', OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics Series, pp. 591-592.
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The three-dimensional local density of states (3D-LDOS), which determines the emission properties of a point-like source, is presented for a finite two-dimensional photonic crystal (2D-PC), using the practical example of macroporous silicon. © 2002 Optical Society of America.

Gunning, SJ, Chong, Y, Khalife, A, Hains, PG, Broady, KW & Nicholson, GM 2003, 'Discovery of a novel sodium channel neurotoxin delta-missulenatoxin Mb1a from the venom of the Eastern mouse spider Missulena bradleyi', 14th World Congress on Animal, Plant and Microbial Toxins, Adelaide.

Gunning, SJ, Maggio, FJ, King, GK & Nicholson, GM 2003, 'Do insecticidal J-atracotoxins target insect potassium channels?', 14th World Congress on Animal, Plant and Microbial Toxins, Adelaide.

Hayes, JL, Wen, S, Yang, Q, Hains, PG, Broady, KW & Nicholson, GM 2003, 'Isolation and characterisation of an insect selective neurotoxin omega-atracotoxin-Ar1a from the venom of the female Sydney funnel web spider, Atrax robustus.', 14th World Congress on Animal, Plant and Microbial Toxins, Adelaide.

Heath, DP & Platen, E 2003, 'Pricing of index options under a minimal market model with lognormal scaling', Workshop on Mathematical Finance, Workshop on Mathematical Finance, --, St Johns, Canada.

Hodgkinson, IJ, Wu, QH, De Silva, L & Arnold, MD 2003, 'Chiral Supercavities', Proceedings of SPIE 5218, Complex Mediums IV: Beyond Linear Isotropic Dielectrics, SPIE, San Diego, USA, pp. 40-50.

Holt, SA, Ruggles, JL, Reynolds, PA & White, JW 1970, 'Structural development of silicated films self-assembled at the air-water interface', PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER, 7th International Conference on Surface X-Ray and Neutron Scattering (7SXNS), ELSEVIER, LAKE TAHOE, CA, pp. 193-203.
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Innes, JK, Vago, R & Ben-Nissan, B 2002, 'Hydrothermal conversion and sol-gel coating of Red Sea coral', Bioceramics 15, Bioceramics 15, Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Sydney, Australia, pp. 43-46.

Jonsson, JC, Roos, A & Smith, G 2003, 'Light trapping in translucent samples and its effect on the hemispherical transmittance obtained by an integrating sphere', Proceedings of the SPIE. Optical Diagnostic Methods for Inorganic Meterials III, Optical Diagnostic Methods for Inorganic Materials III, International Society for Optical Engineering, San Diego CA, USA, pp. 91-100.
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When a beam of light is incident on a translucent sample, a significant fraction of the light is scattered at high angles. Some of this scattered light may be trapped inside the substrate through multiple reflections and total internal reflection, similar to light coupling into an optical fiber. The trapping depends on factors such as the surface roughness of the external surfaces and/or the size and distribution of scattering particles inside the sample. The scattered light may thus escape out of the sample at a shifted position relative to the incident beam. This leads to port losses in an integrating sphere. The detected signal from the light entering the sphere then underestimates the hemispherical transmittance. In this paper the signal versus lateral position has been measured in an attempt to estimate the error and to find an extrapolation procedure for the correct transmittance value. The lateral measurements were carried out by moving a detector behind the sample, a procedure carried out at several angles of incidence. Different illumination methods have also been studied both theoretically and experimentally to further investigate what effect light trapping can have when characterising scattering samples.

Kaurivi, JZU, Huete, AR & Didan, K 2003, 'Multitemporal MODIS-EVI relationships with precipitation and temperature at the Santa Rita experimental range', SANTA RITA EXPERIMENTAL RANGE: 100 YEARS (1903 TO 2003) OF ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND CONTRIBUTIONS, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, Conference on Santa Rita Experimental Range, US DEPT AGR, FOREST SERV ROCKY MT FOREST & RANGE EXPTL STN, Tucson, AZ, pp. 121-124.

Lal, S & Craig, A 2003, 'Towards a countermeasure device to detect fatigue in drivers', Proceedings - Conference of the Australian Road Research Board, pp. 25-32.
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Fatigue affects the drivers' ability to continue driving safely. Therefore, on-line monitoring of physiological signals while driving provides the possibility of detecting fatigue in real time. The EEG signal has been found to be the most predictive and reliable indicator. However, little evidence exists on implementing EEG into a fatigue countermeasure device. The aims were to utilise EEG changes during fatigue for development of fatigue countermeasure software and to test the ability of such software in detecting fatigue. EEG was obtained in twenty truck drivers during a driver simulator task till subjects fatigued. Changes found in delta, theta, alpha and beta activity were used to develop algorithms for the software. The software was designed to detect an alert state and early, medium and extreme levels of fatigue. The software was tested in off-line mode in a group often truck drivers. The software was capable of detecting fatigue accurately in all ten subjects. The percentage of time the subjects were detected to be in a fatigue state was significantly different to the alert phase (p<0.01). For 40% of the total driving time subjects were alert and for 60% of the time, the software detected one of the three fatigue states. In on-line analysis the software could alert the three stages of fatigue. The software could detect fatigue accurately. This is the first countermeasure software that can detect fatigue based on EEG changes in all bands. Future field research is required with the fatigue software to produce a robust and reliable fatigue countermeasure system.

Lal, S & Craig, AR 2003, 'Description and assessment of algorithm for detecting fatigue levels from the EEG of drivers', Proceedings of the World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering 2003, World Congress on Medical & Biomedical Engineering, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1-5.

Lal, S & Craig, AR 2003, 'Towards a countermeasure device to detect fatigue in drivers', Proceedings of the 21st ARRB and 11th REAAA Conference, ARRB and 11th REAAA Conference, ARRB Transport Research Ltd, Cairns, Australia, pp. 1-6.

Langtry, T, Botten, LC, Asatryan, AA, Byrne, MA, Bourgeois, A & McPhedran, RC 2003, 'Computational modelling of photonic crystals', Proceedings of the APAC Conference and Exhibition on Advanced Computing, Grid Application and eResearch, Conference and Exhibition on Advanced Computing, Grid Application and eResearch, Australian Partnership for Advanced Computing (APAC, Gold Coast, Australia, pp. 1-19.

Lewis, JH & Fu, S 2003, 'Use of the CEDIA 6-acetylmorphine assay as a 20 confirmation technique following GC/MS in medico-legal opiate screening', THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING, 8th International Congress of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology, LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, BASEL, SWITZERLAND, pp. 491-491.

Mahayni, AB & Schlogl, E 2003, 'The risk management of power options embedded in life-insurance products', 20th AFFI International Conference, AFFI International Conference, The Association Francaise de Finance, Lyon, France, pp. 1-27.

Mikajlo, EA, Sashin, VA, Nixon, KL, Soule, DBBJ, Dorsett, HE & Ford, M 2003, 'Band sturctures of the group I and group II oxides: using EMS measurements as a test of theoretical models', Proceedings of the 27th Annual A&NZIP Condenced Matter and Materials Meeting, Annual Australia and New Zealand Institute of Physics COndenced Matter and Materials Meeting, Australian Institute of Physics, Wagga Wagga, Australia, pp. 1-3.

Milev, AS, Kannangara, GK & Ben-Nissan, B 2002, 'Morphological stability of plate-like hydroxyapatite', Bioceramics 15, Bioceramics 15, Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Sydney, Australia, pp. 481-484.

Morris, JS, Wang, N, Lupton, JR, Chapkin, RS, Turner, ND, Hong, MY & Carroll, RJ 2000, 'Understanding the relationship between carcinogen-induced DNA adduct levels in distal and proximal regions of the colon', MATHEMATICAL MODELING IN NUTRITION AND THE HEALTH SCIENCES, 7th Conference on Mathematical Modeling in Nutrition and the Health Sciences, KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL, Penn State Univ, Univ Pk, PA, pp. 105-116.

O'Brien, JL, Pryde, GJ, White, AG, Ralph, TC, Bell, TB, Langford, NK & Milburn, GJ 2003, 'Construction of a non-deterministic 2-photon CNOT gate', Conference on Quantum Electronics and Laser Science (QELS) - Technical Digest Series.
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The building blocks of the two-photon CNOT were demonstrated. In particular, extensive studies to maximize the brightness and mode quality of downconversion sources and coupling of these photons into single mode fibers have enabled to investigate the high-visibility non-classical interference effects central to the successful operation of the gate. This paper investigates on simple quantum algorithms and describes a simple technique for increasing the detection efficiency of th single photon counting modules.

Peacock, WJ 1970, 'Gene technology for food security and sustainable agriculture', BIOTECHNOLOGY IN SUSTAINABLE BIODIVERSITY AND FOOD SECURITY, International Conference on Biotechnology and Biodiversity, SCIENCE PUBLISHERS INC, Kathmandu, NEPAL, pp. 1-7.

Platen, E 1970, 'A benchmark framework for financial markets', Conference of Stochastic Processes and Mathematical Finance, Conference of Stochastic Processes and Mathematical Finance, --, Kyoto, Japan.

Platen, E 2003, 'A class of complete benchmark models', 2nd National Symposium on Financial Mathematics, 2nd National Symposium on Financial Mathematics, --, Sydney.

Platen, E 2003, 'An incomplete benchmark model', AMS-SIAM Mathematical Finance Conference, AMS-SIAM Mathematical Finance Conference, --, Salt Lake City, USA.

Platen, E 1970, 'Modeling the volatility and expected value of a diversified world index', Quantitative Methods in Finance 2003 Conference, Quantitative Methods in Finance, --, Sydney.

Platen, E 2003, 'The two-factor interest rate term structure minimal market model', Japanese Association Financial Econometrics and Engineering Meeting, Japanese Association Financial Econometrics and Engineering Meeting, --, Tokyo, Japan.

Poulton, CG, Guenneau, S, Nicolet, A & Movchan, AB 2002, 'Transverse propagating waves in perturbed periodic structures', Solid Mechanics and its Applications vol 113: IUTAM Symposium on Asymptotics, Singularities and Homogenisation in Problems of Mechanics, IUTAM Symposia series, Kluwer, Liverpool, UK, pp. 147-158.
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We present here an analysis of electromagnetic waves propagating through a doubly periodic array of inclusions which are not necessarily circular. A small perturbation to a circular boundary is introduced, and this can be used to derive the e ective boundary conditions for the perturbed inclusion. We examine the e ect of this perturbation on the dispersion curves for the material, and compare this with a finite element modelling of the perturbed structure.

Pryde, GJ, O'Brien, JLO, White, AG, Ralph, TC, Bell, TB, Langford, NK & Milburn, GJ 2003, 'Experimental linear optics controlled-NOT gates', 2003 European Quantum Electronics Conference, EQEC 2003, p. 385.
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Elements of the coincidence-CNOT (controlled-NOT) are experimentally demonstrated, which includes a bright photon source with good spatial mode quality; nonclassical interferometry; improved photon detection; and tomographic analysis. The logical circuit of the coincidence-CNOT is described in the paper.

Reimers, J, Picconatto, C, Ellenbogen, J & Shashidhar, R 2003, 'Molecular electronics III: Preface', Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.
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Richards, RW, Sarica, J, Webster, JRP & Holt, SA 2002, 'Direct determination by neutron reflectometry of the distribution of hydrophobically end capped polyethylene oxide at the air/water interface', LANGMUIR, Conference on Advances in the Study of Interfaes with Neutron Reflection, AMER CHEMICAL SOC, GRENOBLE, FRANCE, pp. 7768-7777.
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Salih, A, Cox, G & Larkum, AW 2003, 'Cellular organization & spectral diversity of GFP-like proteins in live coral cells studied by single & multi-photon imaging & microspectroscopy', Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, pp. 194-200.
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Tissues of many marine invertebrates of class Anthozoa contain intensely fluorescent or brightly coloured pigments. These pigments belong to a family of photoactive proteins closely related to Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), and their emissions range from blue to red wavelengths. The great diversity of these pigments has only recently been realised. To investigate the role of these proteins in corals, we have performed an in vivo fluorescent pigment (FP) spectral and cellular distribution analyses in live coral cells using single and multi-photon laser scanning imaging and microspectroscopy. These analyses revealed that even single colour corals contain spectroscopically heterogeneous pigment mixtures, with 2-5 major colour types in the same area of tissue. They were typically arranged in step-wise light emission energy gradients (e.g. blue, green, yellow, red). The successive overlapping emission-excitation spectral profiles of differently coloured FPs suggested that they were suited for sequential energy coupling. Traces of red FPs (emission = 570-660 nm) were present, even in non-red corals. We confirmed that radiative energy transfer could occur between separate granules of blue and green FPs and that energy transfer was inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Multi-photon micro-spectrofluorometric analysis gave significantly improved spectral resolution by restricting FP excitation to a single point in the focal plane of the sample. Pigment heterogeneity at small scales within granules suggested that fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) might be occurring, and we confirmed that this was the case. Thus, energy transfer can take place both radiatively and by FRET, probably functioning in photoprotection by dissipation of excessive solar radiation.

Schelm, S, Smith, G, Wei, G, Vella, A, Wieczorek, L, Muller, KH & Raguse, B 2003, 'Optical properties of DNCE self-assembled gold nanoparticle layers with organic linker molecules', Proceedings of the SPIE. Plasmonics: Metallic Nanostructures and Their Optical Properties, Plasmonics: Metallic Nanostructures and their Optical Properties, Internationa Society for Optical Engineering, San Diego CA, USA, pp. 59-65.

Schlogl, E 2003, 'The risk management of minimum return guarantees', Quantitative Methods in Finance 2003 Conference, Quantitative Methods in Finance 2003 Conference, --, Sydney.

Schlogl, E & Kazakov, V 2003, 'Implied volatilities, implied correlations, implied distributions: Information contained in options prices', 2nd National Symposium on Financial Markets, 2nd National Symposium on Financial Markets, --, Sydney.

Schlogl, E & Mahayni, AB 2003, 'The risk management of minimum return guarantees: Retirement provision in scary markets', 11th Australian Colloquium of Superannuation Researchers, 11th Australian Colloquium of Superannuation Researchers, --, Sydney.

Servant, J, Guenneau, S, Movchan, AB & Poulton, CG 2002, 'Vibrations of a circular cylinder in oblique incidence revisited', Solid Mechanics and its Applications vol 113: IUTAM Symposium on Asymptotics, Singularities and Homogenisation in Problems of Mechanics, IUTAM Symposia series, Kluwer, Liverpool, United Kingdom, pp. 95-104.
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In this paper, we analyse the propagation of elastodynamic waves in a circular cylinder in the case of oblique incidence. We use a scattering matrix approach and derive an algebraic linear system which allows us to get a complete picture of the dispersion curves. This derivation is of the foremost importance, since it provides the right form for the algebraic system associated to a singular cylinder, basis of its generalisation to a doubly periodic array of circular cylinders

Smith, GH, Botten, LC, McPhedran, RC & Nicorovici, NA 2003, 'A comparison between two types of 3D photonic crystals', EMAC 2003 Proceedings, Engineering Mathemactis and Applications Conference, Engineering Mathemactis Group, ANZIAM, Australia, Sydney, Australia, pp. 271-275.

Smith, GH, Botten, LC, McPhedran, RC & Nicorovici, NA 2003, 'Photonic bandgaps in metallic woodpile structures', OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics Series, pp. 1019-1020.
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We investigate the transmission and band structure properties of all-metallic photonic crystals in woodpile configurations. In particular, we quantify the decay of the transmittance in finite layer crystals by relating it to the Bloch factor. © 2002 Optical Society of America.

Spence, A & Poulton, CG 2002, 'Inverse iteration for nonlinear eigenvalue problems in electromagnetic scattering', Solid Mechanics and its Applications vol 113: IUTAM Symposium on Asymptotics, Singularities and Homogenisation in Problems of Mechanics, IUTAM Symposia series, Kluwer, Liverpool, UK, pp. 585-594.
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We present an extension of the well-known method of 'inverse iteration' for the standard eigenvalue problem to the nonlinear problem of finding dispersion relations for electromagnetic waves moving through a doublyperiodic structure. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the performance of the technique. A further improvement is described that allows an e cient path following algorithm where a curve of solutions is computed in (?, Kbloch) space. We present dispersion relations calculated via this new method and compare the efficiency of this algorithm with that of more traditional methods.

Stevenson, RM, Yuan, ZL, Ward, MB, Thompson, RM, See, P, Kardynal, BE, Shields, AJ, Farrer, I, Lobo, CJ, Cooper, K & Ritchie, DA 2002, 'Generation of single photons and photon pairs using quantum dots', QUANTUM COMMUNICATION, MEASUREMENT AND COMPUTING, PROCEEDINGS, 6th International Conference on Quantum Communication, Measurement and Computing (QCMC 02), RINTON PRESS, INC, MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MA, pp. 532-535.

Stitt, J, Phillips, M, Brandi, J & Roux, C 2003, 'The examination of line crossings by environmental scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy', FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL, 3rd European-Academy-of-Forensic-Science Meeting, ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD, ISTANBUL, TURKEY, pp. 81-81.

Thomas, J, Buzzini, P & Roux, CP 2003, 'Optimisation Of Laser Wavelength For The Raman Analysis Of Fibres', Forensic Science International, 3rd European-Academy-of-Forensic-Science Meeting, Elsevier Inc, ISI:000185538200256, pp. 117-118.
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NA

Tomkin, DF, Muir, JG & Cortie, MB 2003, 'Customized Sustainable Housing', Sustainable Innovation 03, Sustainable Innovation 03, Stockholm, Sweden.

Tomkin, DF, Muir, JG, Cortie, MB, Masens, C & Smith, G 2003, 'The Nanohouse- Australian initiative to develop the home of the future', Nanotechnology, Nanotechnology, Nanotechnology, Scotland.
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Conference presentation

Van Reyk, DM, Brown, AJ, Hult'en, LM, Hart, PH, Dean, RT & Jessup, W 2002, 'Lipoprotein-delivered oxysterols do not stimulate cytokine production in macrophage foam cells at pathophysiologically relevant levels', CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY, Joint Symposium of the Australian-Athersclerosis-Society/Australian-Vascular-Biology-Society, BLACKWELL PUBLISHING ASIA, MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA, pp. A18-A18.

Wang, G, Yao, J, Liu, HK, Dou, SX & Ahn, J 2002, 'Nanosized tin microencapsulated graphite as the anode in lithium ion cells', METASTABLE, MECHANICALLY ALLOYED AND NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS: 9th International Symposium on Metastable, Mechanically Alloyed and Nanocrystalline Materials (ISMANAM-2002), 9th International Symposium on Metastable, Mechanically Alloyed and Nanocrystalline Materials (ISMANAM-2002), Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Seoul, South Korea, pp. 739-744.
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Microencapsulating nanosized Sn particles in graphite developed a series of new anode composite materials for lithium-ion batteries. The nanosized Sn particles are homogeneously dispersed in graphite matrix via in situ chemical reduction. The tin-graphite composite showed a great improvement in lithium storage capacity. Since Sn is an active element to lithium, Sn can react with lithium to form Li4.4Sn alloys, with an accompanying 400 % volume increase. The ductile graphite. matrix provides a perfect buffer layer to absorb such volume expansion. Therefore, the integrity of the composite electrode is preserved during lithium insertion and extraction. The reaction process of lithium insertion and extraction into the graphite structure, and lithium alloying with tin has been identified by cyclic voltammetry measurement. The new tin-graphite composites provide a new. type of anode materials for lithium-ion, batteries with increased capacity.

Wassmer, SC, Coltel, N, Combes, V & Grau, GE 2003, 'Pathogenesis of cerebral malaria: Facts and hypotheses', Medecine Tropicale, pp. 254-257.
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Cerebral malaria (CM) is one of the most serious complications of Plasmodium falciparum infection. It is characterized by sequestration of parasitized red blood cells (PRBC) in cerebral capillaries and venules. Although the exact cause of CM remains unclear, current evidence has clearly implicated metabolic disturbances and host immune responses. Studies on mouse CM models suggest the involvement of host cells and in particular platelets. These results led us to study the role of platelets in human CM. Our findings demonstrated that significantly greater accumulation of platelets occurred in capillaries and venules of Malawian patients who died from CM than from other diseases. We also assessed the role of platelets in cytoadherence of PRBCs using PRBC adhering only on CD36, platelets and endothelial cells (EC) constitutively devoid of CD36. Cultures using the three components showed that platelets played a role in inducing cytoadherence of PRBC on EC via a cellular bridging resistant to physiological flow conditions. Having established the link between platelets and sequestration, the next step will be to examine the link between platelets and CM. A combination of approaches from different disciplines will be needed to gain further insight into the mechanisms underlying the complications of malaria.

Wassmer, SC, Combes, V & Grau, GE 2002, 'Pathophysiology of cerebral malaria role of host cells in the modulation of cytoadhesion', NEUROENDOCRINE AND NEURAL REGULATION OF AUTOIMMUNE AND INFLAMMATORY DISEASE: MOLECULAR, SYSTEMS, AND CLINICAL INSIGHTS, 5th International Congress of the International-Society-for-Neuroimmunomodulation, NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES, MONTPELLIER, FRANCE, pp. 30-38.
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Wei, T, Ruys, A & Milthorpe, B 2002, 'Hydroxyapatite-zirconia functionally graded bioceramics prepared by hot isostatic pressing', BIOCERAMICS 15, 15th International Symposium on Ceramics in Medicine, TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD, UNIV TECHNOL, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA, pp. 591-594.
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White, TP, Botten, LC, De Sterke, CM, McPhedran, RC, Asatryan, AA & Langtry, TN 2003, 'Ultra-compact devices in photonic crystals: Optical behaviour and semi-analytic models', LEOS Summer Topical Meeting, pp. 17-18.
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© 2003 IEEE. An efficient and powerful method recently developed for calculating the transmission properties of photonic crystal waveguides to design an ultra-compact optical device that combines mode coupling in parallel waveguides and Fabry-Perot effects to reduce the coupling length and create a sharp spectral response. The general approach for joining multiple PC waveguide structures can be applied to study many different optical devices and coupling problems.

Williams, PA, Clarke, IC, Pezzotti, G, Green, DD & Ben-Nissan, B 2002, 'Water-lubrication effects on zirconia debris production in hip-joint simulators', Bioceramics 15, Bioceramics 15, Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Sydney, Australia, pp. 835-838.

Wilson, HI & Nicholson, GM 2003, 'Characteristics of the venom of Australian urodacid and buthid scorpions: venom production, composition and toxicity', 14th World Congress on Animal, Plant and Microbial Toxins, Adelaide.

Wilson, HI, Hains, PG & Nicholson, GM 2003, 'The venom of Australian Urodacus scorpions (Arachnidae: Scorpiones: Urodacidae) contains a novel class of insect selective sodium channel blocking toxins', 14th World Congress on Animal, Plant and Microbial Toxins, Adelaide.

Choy, S, Dun, T & Schlogl, E 2003, 'Correlating market models (QFRC paper #105)'.

Craddock, MJ & Platen, E 2003, 'Symmetric group methods for fundamental solution and characteristics functions (QFRC paper #90)'.

Craddock, MJ & Platen, E 2003, 'Symmetry group methods for fundamental solutions and characteristic functions', Research Paper Series, Quantitative Finance Research Centre, University of Technology, Sydney.
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Research Paper Number: 90 Abstract: This paper uses Lie symmetry group methods to analyse a class of partial differential equations of he form It is shown that when the drift function f is a solution of a family of Ricatti equations, then symmetry techniques can be used to find the characteristic functions and transition densities of the corresponding diffusion processes.

Heath, DP & Platen, E 2003, 'Pricing of index options under a minimal market model with lognormal scaling (QFRC paper #101)', Journal of macroeconomics.

Kelly, L, Platen, E & Sorensen, M 2003, 'Estimation for discretely observed diffusions using transform functions (QFRC paper #96)'.

Mahayni, AB & Schlogl, E 2003, 'The risk management of minimum return guarantees (QFRC paper #102)'.

Platen, E 2003, 'A benchmark framework for risk management (QFRC paper #113)'.

Platen, E 2003, 'An alternative interest rate term structure model (QFRC paper #97)'.

Platen, E 2003, 'Diversified portfolios in a benchmark framework', Research Paper Series, Quantitative Finance Research Centre, University of Technology, Sydney.
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Research Paper Number: 87 Abstract: This paper considers diversified portfolios in a benchmark framework. A new limit theorem for the approximation of the benchmark, which is the growth optimal portfolio, is obtained. In a diverse market it is shown that there exist approximations for the benchmark that are independent of model specifications. This leads to a robust modeling, calibration and risk management framework. For diversified portfolios with a large number of securities the limit theorem provides significant reductions in the complexity of quantitative applications as statistical inference and Value at Risk calculations.

Platen, E 2003, 'Modeling the volatility and expected value of a diversified world index (QFRC paper #103)'.

Platen, E 2003, 'Pricing and hedging for incomplete jump diffusion benchmark models (QFRC paper #110)'.

Platen, E & Stahl, G 2003, 'A structure for general and specific market risk (QFRC paper #91)'.

Platen, E & West, J 2003, 'Fair Pricing of Weather Derivatives'.
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This paper proposes a consistent benchmark approach to price weather derivatives. The growth optimal portfolio to price weather derivatives. The growth optimal portfolio is used as numeraire such that all benchmarked fair price processes are martingales. No measure transformation is needed for fair pricing. Since weather derivatives are traded in an incomplete market setting, standard hedging based pricing methods cannot be applied. For weather derivative payoffs that are independent from the value of the growth optimal portfolio it is shown that the classical actuarial pricing methodology is a particular case of the fair pricing concept. A discrete time model is constructed to approximate historical weather characteristics assuming Gaussian residuals. For particular weather derivatives their fair prices are derived.

Platen, E & West, JM 2003, 'Fair pricing of weather derivatives (QFRC paper #106)'.