Publications

Abdullah, AR, Lim, RP & Chapman, JC 1993, 'Inhibition and recovery of acetylcholinesterase in Paratya australiensis exposed to the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos', Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, vol. 2, no. 12, pp. 752-757.

Bennett, AF, Leslie, LM, Hagelberg, CR & Powers, PE 1993, 'Tropical Cyclone Prediction Using a Barotropic Model Initialized by a Generalized Inverse Method', Monthly Weather Review, vol. 121, no. 6, pp. 1714-1729.
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BENSON, C, DOOLEY, AH & RATCLIFF, G 1993, 'FUNDAMENTAL-SOLUTIONS FOR POWERS OF THE HEISENBERG SUB-LAPLACIAN', ILLINOIS JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 455-476.
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Bishop, R, Craig, DC, Dance, IG, Scudder, ML & Ung, AT 1993, 'Helical tubulate inclusion compounds', Supramolecular Chemistry, vol. 2, no. 2-3, pp. 123-131.
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Bowles, D, Flavell, D, Schell, J, Caboche, M, Komamine, A, Somerville, C, Dennis, L, Lamb, C & Willmitzer, L 1993, 'Editorial', The Plant Journal, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 905-906.
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BURN, JE, BAGNALL, DJ, METZGER, JD, DENNIS, ES & PEACOCK, WJ 1993, 'DNA METHYLATION, VERNALIZATION, AND THE INITIATION OF FLOWERING', PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, vol. 90, no. 1, pp. 287-291.
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BURN, JE, SMYTH, DR, PEACOCK, WJ & DENNIS, ES 1993, 'GENES CONFERRING LATE FLOWERING IN ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA', GENETICA, vol. 90, no. 2-3, pp. 147-155.
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Carroll, RJ & Pederson, S 1993, 'On Robustness in the Logistic Regression Model', Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 693-706.
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SUMMARY We investigate robustness in the logistic regression model. Copas has studied two forms of robust estimator: A robust-resistant estimate of Pregibon and an estimate based on a misclassification model. He concluded that robust-resistant estimates are much more biased in small samples than the usual logistic estimate is and recommends a bias-corrected version of the misclassification estimate. We show that there are other versions of robust-resistant estimates which have bias often approximately the same as and sometimes even less than the logistic estimate; these estimates belong to the Mallows class. In addition, the corrected misclassification estimate is inconsistent at the logistic model; we develop a simple consistent modification. The modified estimate is a member of the Mallows class but, unlike most robust estimates, it has an interpretable tuning constant. The results are illustrated on data sets featuring different kinds of outliers.

Carroll, RJ, Eltinge, JL & Ruppert, D 1993, 'Robust linear regression in replicated measurement error models', Statistics & Probability Letters, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 169-175.
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Carroll, RJ, Gail, MH & Lubin, JH 1993, 'Case-Control Studies with Errors in Covariates', Journal of the American Statistical Association, vol. 88, no. 421, pp. 185-185.
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Carroll, RJ, Gail, MH & Lubin, JH 1993, 'Case-Control Studies With Errors in Covariates', Journal of the American Statistical Association, vol. 88, no. 421, pp. 185-199.
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CATALANO, PJ, SCHARFSTEIN, DO, RYAN, LM, KIMMEL, CA & KIMMEL, GL 1993, 'STATISTICAL-MODEL FOR FETAL DEATH, FETAL WEIGHT, AND MALFORMATION IN DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY STUDIES', TERATOLOGY, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 281-290.
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The purpose of this paper is to present a statistical model for analyzing the joint effects of exposure on fetal death, fetal weight, and malformation in a developmental toxicity study. In addition to allowing for the usual litter effect, the model allow

CHAUDHURY, AM, LETHAM, S, CRAIG, S & DENNIS, ES 1993, 'AMP1 - A MUTANT WITH HIGH CYTOKININ LEVELS AND ALTERED EMBRYONIC PATTERN, FASTER VEGETATIVE GROWTH, CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS AND PRECOCIOUS FLOWERING', PLANT JOURNAL, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 907-916.
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Corney, BG, Colley, J, Djordjevic, SP, Whittington, R & Graham, GC 1993, 'Rapid identification of some Leptospira isolates from cattle by random amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting', Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol. 31, no. 11, pp. 2927-2932.
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We compared random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting with cross-absorption agglutination and restriction enzyme analysis for typing bovine leptospires. Using RAPD fingerprinting, we examined a number of Leptospira serovars, namely, hardjo genotypes bovis and prajitno, pomona, balcanica, tarassovi, swajizak, kremastos, australis, and zanoni, which are likely to be isolated from Australian cattle. Each serovar and genotype had a unique RAPD profile. Of 26 field isolates of Leptospira, 23 were identified as hardjo genotype bovis subtype A, 2 were identified as zanoni, and 1 was identified as pomona by RAPD fingerprinting, and their types were confirmed by cross-absorption agglutination and restriction enzyme analysis.

CORTIE, MB 1993, 'DIGITAL SEASHELLS', COMPUTERS & GRAPHICS, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 79-84.
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The spiral shells of molluscs may be simulated by suitable mathematical expressions. This paper reviews progress in this field, and describes techniques for the generation of synthetic shells. The method presented is fast enough for convenient interactiv

DENNIS, E & BOWMAN, JL 1993, 'MANIPULATING FLORAL ORGAN IDENTITY', CURRENT BIOLOGY, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 90-93.
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Devroye, L & Wand, MP 1993, 'On the effect of density shape on the performance of its kernel estimate', Statistics, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 215-233.
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We introduce a universal functional Q(f) which measures the difficulty a given density f poses to the standard kernel density estimate if one uses the optimal smoothing factor, The functional is well-defined (but possibly infinite) for all densities, regardless of their smoothness or tail properties. It is proportional to the limit of n2/5E ∫ |fn — f| where fnis the optimal kernel estimate. This paper settles some questions left unanswered in Devroye and Györfi (1985) and Hall and Wand (1988). © 1993, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.

DJORDJEVIC, S, HORNITZKY, M, ROSS, AD & WHITTINGTON, RJ 1993, 'Restriction‐endonuclease analysis of Australian isolates of Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo from cattle with agalactia and abortion', Australian Veterinary Journal, vol. 70, no. 3, pp. 98-100.
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SUMMARY Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and agarose gel electrophoresis were used to resolve restriction endonuclease digests of 20 Australian isolates of Leptospira interrogans cultured from urine samples of cattle with agalactia and abortion. The restriction endonuclease profiles of 19 isolates closely matched the profiles of L interrogans serovar hardjo subtype hardjobovis reference strains. The remaining isolate had a different restriction profile from subtype hardjobovis and subtype hardjoprajitno reference strains and was serologically identified as serovar pomona. Silver staining of polyacrylamide gels gave enhanced resolution of restriction fragments compared with the traditional method of ethidium bromide staining of agarose gels.

DOOLEY, AH & WILDBERGER, NJ 1993, 'HARMONIC-ANALYSIS AND THE GLOBAL EXPONENTIAL MAP FOR COMPACT LIE-GROUPS', FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS AND ITS APPLICATIONS, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 21-27.
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Dooley, AH, Repka, J & Wildberger, NJ 1993, 'Sums of adjoint orbits', Linear and Multilinear Algebra, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 79-101.
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We investigate a natural generalization of the problem of the description of the eigenvalues of the sum of two Hermitian matrices both of whose eigenvalues are known. We describe more generally the convolution of the invariant probability measures supported on any two adjoint orbits of a compact Lie group. Our techniques utilize the convexity results of Guillemin and Sternberg and Kirwan on the one hand, and the character formulae of Weyl and Kirillov on the other. Applications to representation theory are discussed. © 1993, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.

Edmonson, JH, Ryan, LM, Blum, RH, Brooks, JS, Shiraki, M, Frytak, S & Parkinson, DR 1993, 'Randomized comparison of doxorubicin alone versus ifosfamide plus doxorubicin or mitomycin, doxorubicin, and cisplatin against advanced soft tissue sarcomas.', Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol. 11, no. 7, pp. 1269-1275.
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PURPOSE This three-armed phase III study in adults with advanced soft tissue sarcomas was planned as a comparison of objective regression rates, toxicity, and survival of patients receiving doxorubicin alone, ifosfamide plus doxorubicin, and mitomycin plus doxorubicin plus cisplatin. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between December 1987 and July 1990, 279 patients with histologically confirmed sarcomas were enrolled to receive treatment A (doxorubicin 80 mg/m2), treatment B (ifosfamide 7.5 g/m2 plus doxorubicin 60 mg/m2), or treatment C (mitomycin 8 mg/m2 plus doxorubicin 40 mg/m2 plus cisplatin 60 mg/m2). RESULTS Of 262 assessable patients, 74 (29%) achieved objective tumor regression. Objective regression occurred in 20% of the 90 patients who received doxorubicin alone (complete remission [CR] rate, 2%), in 34% of the 88 who received ifosfamide plus doxorubicin (CR rate, 3%), and in 32% of the 84 who received mitomycin plus doxorubicin plus cisplatin (CR rate, 7%). With grade 3 or greater myelosuppression in 53% of group A, 80% of group B, and 55% of group C, regimen B was significantly more myelosuppressive than either regimen A or C (P = .01) with two, three, and one treatment-related deaths, respectively. Synovial sarcomas were responsive to ifosfamide plus doxorubicin, especially among patients younger than 40 years of age. CONCLUSION Ifosfamide plus doxorubicin produced a significantly higher regression rate (P = .03) than did doxorubicin alone; however, this was achieved at a level of myelosuppression significantly more intense than that produced by the single agent or by the three-drug combination. Mitomycin, doxorubicin, and cisplatin also appeared to be more active than the single agent; however, at a myelosuppression level ...

ELLIS, J, GRIFFIN, H, MORRISON, D & JOHNSON, AM 1993, 'ANALYSIS OF DINUCLEOTIDE FREQUENCY AND CODON USAGE IN THE PHYLUM APICOMPLEXA', GENE, vol. 126, no. 2, pp. 163-170.
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ELLIS, JG, TOKUHISA, JG, LLEWELLYN, DJ, BOUCHEZ, D, SINGH, K, DENNIS, ES & PEACOCK, WJ 1993, 'DOES THE OCS-ELEMENT OCCUR AS A FUNCTIONAL COMPONENT OF THE PROMOTERS OF PLANT GENES', PLANT JOURNAL, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 433-443.
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Eyles, MJ, Moir, CJ & Davey, JA 1993, 'The effects of modified atmospheres on the growth of psychrotrophic pseudomonads on a surface in a model system', International Journal of Food Microbiology, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 97-107.
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Fergusson, CL, Henderson, RA, Leitch, EC & Ishiga, H 1993, 'Lithology and structure of the Wandilla terrane, Gladstone‐Yeppoon district, central Queensland, and an overview of the Palaeozoic subduction complex of the New England Fold Belt', Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 403-414.
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The Wandilla terrane consists of, from west to east, the Doonside Formation and the Wandilla Formation. The Doonside Formation is dominated by chert and mudstone. Conodonts from a single locality (Devils Bend) indicate an age in the interval Late Silurian to Middle Devonian. The Wandilla Formation consists of mudstone with greywacke, tuff, chert and greenstone. The greywacke is dominated by volcanic detritus with sparse but persistent ooliths that suggest contemporaneity with Early Carboniferous strata of the Yarrol shelf to the west. The Wandilla terrane is structurally complex with two main deformation events. The first deformation (D1) formed widespread lenticular melange during offscraping at the toe of a subduction complex. The second deformation (D2) formed a moderately to shallowly east-dipping cleavage that typically dips less steeply than the north-northwest-trending D1 structures, and contains a down-dip elongation lineation. D2 structures were produced by the Late Permian to Triassic Hunter-Bowen Orogeny. Lithological attributes and structural styles indicate a subduction complex setting for much of the Wandilla terrane and related units farther south. New ages from chert in the subduction complex of the New England Fold Belt are mainly Early Carboniferous, consistent with a major accretionary episode in the late Early and Late Carboniferous. By analogy with the considerably better dated units of the Japanese accretionary terranes, this major period of growth may have been a result of collision of a major topographic feature with the trench (e.g. a mid-ocean ridge). © 1993 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

FINNEGAN, EJ & DENNIS, ES 1993, 'ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION BY SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY OF A PUTATIVE CYTOSINE METHYLTRANSFERASE FROM ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA', NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH, vol. 21, no. 10, pp. 2383-2388.

Finnegan, EJ, Brettell, RIS & Dennis, ES 1993, 'The role of DNA methylation in the regulation of plant gene expression', EXS, vol. 64, pp. 218-261.
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FINNEGAN, EJ, LAWRENCE, GJ, DENNIS, ES & ELLIS, JG 1993, 'BEHAVIOR OF MODIFIED AC ELEMENTS IN FLAX CALLUS AND REGENERATED PLANTS', PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 625-633.
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FOLEY, RC, GROSSMAN, C, ELLIS, JG, LLEWELLYN, DJ, DENNIS, ES, PEACOCK, WJ & SINGH, KB 1993, 'ISOLATION OF A MAIZE BZIP PROTEIN SUBFAMILY - CANDIDATES FOR THE OCS-ELEMENT TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR', PLANT JOURNAL, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 669-679.

Ford, MJ, Doering, JP, Cooper, JW, Coplan, MA & Moore, JH 1993, 'Electron impact double ionization of neon', Journal De Physique. IV : JP, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 117-123.
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Electron-impact double ionization from the valence shell of neon has been measured at an incident electron energy of 3662.5 eV. Double-coincidence (e,(3-1)e) measurements have been made between the scattered electron and each of the ejected electrons in turn, ejected energies were 10 eV and 90 eV, respectively, at ejection angles of 45, 60, 90, 120 and 135 degrees with respect to the incident electron beam. Absolute four-fold-differential cross-sections have been derived from the measured data and can be interpreted in terms of a fast, single-step, shake-off process.

FRIGO, NJ, PHILLIPS, MR & BODEEP, GE 1993, 'CLIPPING DISTORTION IN LIGHTWAVE CATV SYSTEMS - MODELS, SIMULATIONS, AND MEASUREMENTS', JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 138-146.
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We report theoretical, numerical, and experimental investigations of clipping distortion in CATV systems. After reviewing Salehs calculation of the carrier to nonlinear distortion ratio (CNLD), we extend its applicability by incorporating a more precise

FU, SL, CARVER, JA & KANEMAGUIRE, LAP 1993, 'THE USE OF [(C6H7)FE(CO)3]+ AS A RECOVERABLE PROTECTING GROUP IN PEPTIDE-SYNTHESIS', JOURNAL OF ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY, vol. 454, no. 1-2, pp. C11-C12.
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GRODSTEIN, F, GOLDMAN, MB, RYAN, L & CRAMER, DW 1993, 'RELATION OF FEMALE INFERTILITY TO CONSUMPTION OF CAFFEINATED BEVERAGES', AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, vol. 137, no. 12, pp. 1353-1360.
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GRODSTEIN, F, GOLDMAN, MB, RYAN, L & CRAMER, DW 1993, 'SELF-REPORTED USE OF PHARMACEUTICALS AND PRIMARY OVULATORY INFERTILITY', EPIDEMIOLOGY, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 151-156.
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Harry, EJ, Stewart, BJ & Wake, RG 1993, 'Characterization of mutations in divlB of Bacillus subtilis and cellular localization of the DivlB protein', Molecular Microbiology, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 611-621.
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SummaryFour temperature‐sensitive mutations in the divlB gene of Bacillus subtilis have been localized to the region corresponding to the C‐terminal half of the 263‐residue DivlB protein. Antiserum was raised to the 80%C‐terminal portion lying on one side of a putative transmembrane (hydrophobic) segment, and used to examine aspects of the nature and localization of the DivIB protein in the cell. A single DivIB species of a size equal to the full‐length protein encoded by the divIB gene was detected in wild‐type cells. Cell fractionation studies established that DivIB is associated preferentially with the cell envelope (membrane plus cell wall), with approximately 50% being released into solution upon treatment of cells with lysozyme under conditions that yield protoplasts. Of the remaining 50%, approximately half remained firmly associated with the membrane fraction. On the basis of the‘positive‐inside rule’of von Heijne (1986) it is suggested that the topology of membrane‐bound DivlB is such that the long C‐terminal portion is directed to the outside and the smaller N‐terminal portion to the inside of the cell. DivlB in protoplasts was rapidly degraded by proteinase K under conditions where there was no general proteolysis of the cytoplasmic proteins. This is consistent with its absence from the cytoplasm, and with the predicted membrane topology.Septum positioning in a divIB null mutant, which grows as filaments at temperatures of 30°C and below, was found to be normal. It appears that DivlB is needed for achieving the appropriate rate of initiation of septum formation at normal division sites. It is proposed that the C‐terminal portion of Di...

HOSSAIN, MA, MCGEE, JD, DENNIS, ES, PEACOCK, WJ & HODGES, TK 1993, 'ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF RICE PYRUVATE DECARBOXYLASE GENE', PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, vol. 102, no. 1, pp. 71-71.

Johnson, AM, Makioka, A & Ellis, JT 1993, 'A strategy for cloning a DNA polymerase gene of Toxoplasma gondii.', NATO ASI series : Series H : Cell biology., vol. 78, pp. 43-50.

KETAREN, PP, BATTERHAM, ES, WHITE, E, FARRELL, DJ & MILTHORPE, BK 1993, 'PHOSPHORUS STUDIES IN PIGS .1. AVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS REQUIREMENTS OF GROWER FINISHER PIGS', BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION, vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 249-268.
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Two experiments were conducted to determine the available P requirements of grower and grower/finisher pigs and to define the conditions for conducting a growth assay for P availability. In the first experiment, diets with four levels of calculated available P (1-4 g/kg) and four Ca:available P ratios (1.7-2.9) were used to determine the available P requirements of grower pigs. The diets were formulated by substituting the required amounts of limestone and sodium tripolyphosphate for sugar in a soya-bean meal and sugar-based diet. In addition to measuring growth responses, a range of bones were examined to determine the most suitable criteria for assessing the response to available P. There was a small quadratic response of feed intake and growth rate of the pigs to level of available P, with maximum responses occurring to approximately 3 g available P/kg (P < 0.05). There were linear depressing effects of increasing Ca: available P ratios on carcass gain and feed conversion ratio (P < 0.01) but most of these effects occurred when the ratio exceeded 2-5: 1.

Larkum, AWD & Wood, WF 1993, 'The effect of UV-B radiation on photosynthesis and respiration of phytoplankton, benthic macroalgae and seagrasses', Photosynthesis Research, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 17-23.
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Several species of marine benthic algae, four species of phytoplankton and two species of seagrass have been subjected to ultraviolet B irradiation for varying lengths of time and the effects on respiration, photosynthesis and fluorescence rise kinetics studied. No effect on respiration was found. Photosynthesis was inhibited to a variable degree in all groups of plants after irradiation over periods of up to 1 h and variable fluorescence was also inhibited in a similar way. The most sensitive plants were phytoplankton and deep-water benthic algae. Intertidal benthic algae were the least sensitive to UV-B irradiation and this may be related to adaptation, through the accumulation of UV-B screening compounds, to high light/high UV-B levels. Inhibition of variable fluorescence (Fv) of the fluorescence rise curve was a fast and sensitive indicator of UV-B damage. Two plants studied, a brown alga and a seagrass, showed very poor recovery of Fv over a period of 32 h. © 1993 Kluwer Academic Publishers.

LEFKOPOULOU, M & RYAN, L 1993, 'GLOBAL TESTS FOR MULTIPLE BINARY OUTCOMES', BIOMETRICS, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 975-988.
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The applied statistician often encounters the need to compare two or more groups with respect to more than one outcome or response. Several options are generally available, including reducing the dimension of the problem by averaging or summarizing the outcomes, using Bonferroni or other adjustments for multiple comparisons, or applying a global test based on a suitable multivariate model. For normally distributed data, it is well established that global tests tend to be significantly more sensitive than other procedures. While global tests have also been proposed for multiple binary outcomes, their properties have not been well studied nor have they been widely discussed in the context of clustered data. In this paper, we derive a class of quasi-likelihood score tests for multiple binary outcomes, and show that special cases of this class correspond to other tests that have been proposed. We discuss extensions to allow for clustered data, and compare the results to the simple approach of collapsing the data to a single binary outcome, indicating the presence or absence of at least one response. The asymptotic relative efficiencies of the tests are shown to depend not only on the correlation between the outcomes, but also on the response probabilities. Although global tests based on a multivariate model are generally recommended, our findings suggest that a test based on the collapsed data can maintain surprisingly high efficiency, especially when the outcomes of interest are rare. Data from several developmental toxicity studies illustrate our results.

LEITCH, EC, MORAND, VJ, FERGUSSON, CL, HENDERSON, RA & CARR, PF 1993, 'Accretion and post‐accretion metamorphism in subduction complex terranes of the New England Fold Belt, eastern Australia', Journal of Metamorphic Geology, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 309-318.
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Abstract Regional metamorphic rocks that form Late Palaeozoic subduction complexes in central Queensland, Australia, are products of two metamorphic episodes. Synaccretion metamorphism (M1) gave rise to prehnite‐pumpellyite and greenschist facies rocks, whereas a subsequent episode (M2) at about 250 Ma formed upper greenschist to upper amphibolite facies rocks of both intermediate‐ and low‐pressure type, probably in a compressive arc or back‐arc setting. A similar pattern can be recognized for 1000 km along the New England Fold Belt, although at several localities, where higher grade rocks are exposed, metamorphism was essentially continuous over the M1‐M2 interval, with a rapid rise in geothermal gradient at the end of accretion. Where out‐stepping of tectonic elements has occurred at long‐lived convergent margins elsewhere, similar overprinting of high‐ by lower‐pressure facies series is anticipated, complicating the tectonic interpretation of metamorphism. The discrete character of metamorphic events may be blurred where conditions giving rise to a major episode of accretion and out‐stepping are followed by the subduction of a major heat source.

LINDSEY, JC & RYAN, LM 1993, 'A 3-STATE MULTIPLICATIVE MODEL FOR RODENT TUMORIGENICITY EXPERIMENTS', APPLIED STATISTICS-JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES C, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 283-300.
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A three-state illness-death model provides a useful way to represent data from rodent tumorigenicity experiments. Some of the earliest proposals use fully parametric models based on, for example, Weibull distributional assumptions. Recently, nonparametri

Lockhart, PJ, Penny, D, Hendy, MD & Larkum, ADW 1993, 'IsProchlorothrix hollandica the best choice as a prokaryotic model for higher plant Chla/b photosynthesis?', Photosynthesis Research, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 61-68.
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We examine the issue of prochlorophyte origins and provide analyses which highlight the limitations of inferring evolutionary trees from anciently diverged sequences that have markedly different GC contents. Under these conditions we have found that current tree reconstruction methods strongly group together sequences with similar GC contents, whether or not the sequences share a common ancestor. We provide 3′psbA termini sequence for Prochloron didemni and find it does not have the 7 amino acid deletion that occurs in Chl a/b chloroplasts and Prochlorothrix hollandica. This is consistent with the recent findings of a Chl c like pigment in the light harvesting system in other prochlorophytes but apparently absent in P. hollandica. From these observations we suggest that P. hollandica is the prochlorophyte most closely related to Chl a/b containing chloroplasts and hence the most appropriate prokaryotic model for higher plant Chl a/b photosynthesis. © 1993 Kluwer Academic Publishers.

LYON, BR, COUSINS, YL, LLEWELLYN, DJ & DENNIS, ES 1993, 'COTTON PLANTS TRANSFORMED WITH A BACTERIAL-DEGRADATION GENE ARE PROTECTED FROM ACCIDENTAL SPRAY DRIFT DAMAGE BY THE HERBICIDE 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID', TRANSGENIC RESEARCH, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 162-169.
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Makioka, A, Stavros, B, Ellis, JT & Johnson, AM 1993, 'Detection and characterization of DNA polymerase activity in Toxoplasma gondii', Parasitology, vol. 107, no. 2, pp. 135-139.
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A DNA polymerase activity has been detected and characterized in crude extracts from tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii. The enzyme has a sedimentation coefficient of 6.4 S, corresponding to an approximate molecular weight of 150000 assuming a globular shape. Like mammalian DNA polymerase a, the DNA polymerase of T. gondii was sensitive to N-ethylmaleimide and inhibited by high ionic strength. However, the enzyme activity was not inhibited by aphidicolin which is an inhibitor of mammalian DNA polymerases α, δ and ∊ and also cytosine-β-D-arabinofuranoside-5’-triphosphate which is an inhibitor of a polymerase. The activity was inhibited by 2,3-dideoxythymidine-5’-triphosphate which is an inhibitor of mammalian DNA polymerase β and γ. Magnesium ions (Mg2+) were absolutely required for activity and its optimal concentration was 6 mM, The optimum potassium (K+) concentration was 50 mM and a higher concentration of K+ markedly inhibited the activity. Activity was optimal at pH 8. Monoclonal antibodies against human DNA polymerase a did not bind to DNA polymerase of T. gondii. Thus the T. gondii enzyme differs from the human enzymes and may be a useful target for the design of toxoplasmacidal drugs. © 1993, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.

MAKIOKA, A, STAVROS, B, ELLIS, JT & JOHNSON, AM 1993, 'DETECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF DNA-POLYMERASE-ACTIVITY IN TOXOPLASMA-GONDII', PARASITOLOGY, vol. 107, pp. 135-139.
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A DNA polymerase activity has been detected and characterized in crude extracts from tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii. The enzyme has a sedimentation coefficient of 6.4 S, corresponding to an approximate molecular weight of 150000 assuming a globular sha

METZGER, JD, BURN, J, PEACOCK, WJ, PEREZ, P & DENNIS, ES 1993, 'PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A LATE-FLOWERING TDNA-TAGGED MUTANT OF ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA', PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, vol. 102, no. 1, pp. 132-132.

Moir, CJ, Eyles, MJ & Davey, JA 1993, 'Inhibition of pseudomonads in cottage cheese by packaging in atmospheres containing carbon dioxide', Food Microbiology, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 345-351.
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Nassif, NT, Mackinlay, AG & Thompson, EOP 1993, 'PCR amplification of partial mRNA sequences encoding the α- and β-globin chains of the bivalve mollusc Anadara trapezia: Correction of the C-terminal amino acid sequence of the α-chain', Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry, vol. 105, no. 2, pp. 283-287.
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O'MEARA, TJ, EGERTON, JR & RAADSMA, HW 1993, 'Recombinant vaccines against ovine footrot', Immunology & Cell Biology, vol. 71, no. 5, pp. 473-488.
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SummaryFor the past 20 years footrot vaccines have evolved from simple bacterins to highly specific recombinant DNA (rDNA) fimbrial vaccines. The development of these vaccines has left a trail of discoveries, challenges and solutions; these processes continue as we move closer to understanding the requirements of a footrot vaccine. The initial whole cell vaccines were unsuccessful due to the short duration of immunity and incorporation of limited serotypes. A multistrain vaccine eliminated the problem of serotype inclusion, although the duration of immunity in many cases is still inadequate. The proteases of Dichelobacter nodosus appear to be cross protective; however, little is known of their ability to protect sheep against footrot. The major protective immunogen is the bacterial fimbriae, which also forms the basis for the K‐agglutination serotyping system. K‐agglutinin titre correlates directly with resistance to challenge. The protective fimbrial epitope is conformationally dependent, suggesting little advantage in the development of synthetic peptide vaccines. To enhance the efficiency of vaccine production D. nodosus fimbrial genes were eventually cloned and successfully expressed in Ps. aeruginosa. Monovalent vaccines based on recombinant fimbriae are omnipotent, inducing high levels of agglutinins and long lasting immunity. In multivalent vaccines, on the other hand, incorporation of each additional serogroup into the vaccine results in reduced efficacy both in terms of reduced K‐agglutinin titres and reduced protection following challenge. The least effective are multivalent formulations representing all major serogroups. In addition, considerable genetic variation has been observed in the ability of sheep to respond optimally to each serogroup in a multivalent vaccine. Results show that the limitation of the sheep to mount an effe...

PALEY, AV, RADCHIK, AV & SMITH, GB 1993, 'QUASI-STATIC OPTICAL-RESPONSE OF PAIRS OF TOUCHING SPHERES WITH ARBITRARY DIELECTRIC PERMEABILITY', JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, vol. 73, no. 7, pp. 3446-3453.
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The problem of polarization of two touching spherical particles, of any complex dielectric constant, immersed in a uniform external electric field is solved exactly in the tangent-sphere frame. A straightforward integral over the continuum of eigenstates

Post, A & Larkum, AWD 1993, 'UV-absorbing pigments, photosynthesis and UV exposure in Antarctica: comparison of terrestrial and marine algae', Aquatic Botany, vol. 45, no. 2-3, pp. 231-243.
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Since Antarctic plants experience a wide range of ultraviolet (UV) exposure, the pigment content of Antarctic algae (Palmaria decipiens (Reinsch) Ricker, Enteromorpha bulbosa (Suhr) Montagne, Prasiola crispa (Lightf.) Kütz. sp. antarctica (Kützing) Knebel) was monitored over a year. In summer the mature form of the marine rhodophyte Palmaria contains a range of UV-absorbing pigments in high concentration providing a broad absorbance with a maximum at 337 nm. Juvenile fronds develop through winter with smaller absorbance maxima at 322 nm, 309 nm and 295 nm. The terrestrial chlorophyte Prasiola crispa contains a single UV-absorbing pigment with a maximum at 325 nm. Compared with other green algae, including the marine Enteromorpha, the UV-absorbing pigment in Prasiola is present in high concentrations. Variations in the level of UV-absorbance relative to chlorophyll in Prasiola, appear to correspond with varying UV exposure. To test this, Prasiola was maintained with an enhanced ratio of UV-B to visible light to simulate the effects of stratospheric ozone depletion. After 4 weeks the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rates were reduced in the presence of enhanced UV-B light, but the ratio of UV-absorbing pigments to chlorophyll was unchanged. This suggests that even for Antarctic algae, that contain high levels of UV-absorbing pigments, exposure to sunlight with an increased ratio of UV-B to visible light is stressful. © 1993.

QI, J, HUETE, AR, MORAN, MS, CHEHBOUNI, A & JACKSON, RD 1993, 'INTERPRETATION OF VEGETATION INDEXES DERIVED FROM MULTITEMPORAL SPOT IMAGES', REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 89-101.
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A temporal sequence of 15 SPOT HRV images and low altitude aircraft reflectance data were obtained over soil and cotton fields at the Maricopa Agricultural Center, Arizona from April to October 1989. The SPOT data included different view angles (- 28° - + 24°) while the aircraft data were obtained with a nadir-viewing radiometer equipped with SPOT filters. View angle/direction, atmosphere, and soil influences on individual band and vegetation indices were observed in the SPOT data. The relative magnitude among the three influences was dependent on surface conditions, varied with canopy growth, and was different for red and near-infrared (NIR) reflectances and vegetation indices (VIs). View angle effects were most pronounced in red and NIR reflectance data and were secondary with the use of VIs. View angle variations, and to some extent soil variations, influenced VI responses from partial canopies while relative atmospheric influences became most dominant at higher densities of vegetation. The results suggest that the current compositing routine for temporal vegetation index imagery may not be entirely adequate. © 1993.

RABINOWITZ, D & RYAN, L 1993, 'LOWER CONFIDENCE-BOUNDS FOR TIME TO CURE', BIOMETRIKA, vol. 80, no. 3, pp. 681-687.
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SUMMARY: Clinicians often wish to know if and when patients with cancer or other life-threatening diseases can be considered cured. Although some parametric approaches are available, no nonparametric methods exist for treating this question. Here, a nonparametric procedure based on the definition that cure occurs when the hazard for death among patients is no longer greater than the hazard among subjects in the general population with similar age and demographic characteristics is developed. It is argued that the use of a fully nonparametric approach cannot lead to a nontrivial upper confidence bound for time to cure, and an approach to computing lower confidence bounds for time to cure is developed and applied to data from a clinical trial in colorectal cancer. © 1993 Biometrika Trust.

RADCHIK, AV, SMITH, GB & REUBEN, AJ 1993, 'QUASI-STATIC OPTICAL-RESPONSE OF SEPARATE, TOUCHING, AND INTERSECTING CYLINDER PAIRS (PHYS REVIEW B, VOL 46, PG 6115, 1992)', PHYSICAL REVIEW B, vol. 47, no. 5, pp. 2952-2952.
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RAFTOS, DA & RAISON, RL 1993, 'THE ECHINOID IMMUNE-SYSTEM REVISITED', IMMUNOLOGY TODAY, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 92-93.
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RAMSLAND, PA, TANGYE, SG & RAISON, RL 1993, 'AG BINDING-PROPERTIES OF A STRUCTURALLY DEFINED HUMAN-IGM CRYOGLOBULIN', JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY, vol. 0, pp. 92-92.
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REDDACLIFF, GL, PARKER, SJ, DUBEY, JP, NICHOLLS, PJ, JOHNSON, AM & COOPER, DW 1993, 'An attempt to prevent acute toxoplasmosis in macropods by vaccination with Hammondia hammondi', Australian Veterinary Journal, vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 33-35.
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REIMERS, JR & HUSH, NS 1993, 'HOLE, ELECTRON AND ENERGY-TRANSFER THROUGH BRIDGED SYSTEMS .8. SOLITON MOLECULAR SWITCHING IN SYMMETRY-BROKEN BROOKER (POLYMETHINECYANINE) CATIONS', CHEMICAL PHYSICS, vol. 176, no. 2-3, pp. 407-420.
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Reimers, JR, Craw, JS & Hush, NS 1993, 'Relation between predicted soliton charge-density wave structure of odd polyene anions and ¹³C NMR chemical shifts', Journal of Physical Chemistry, vol. 97, no. 11, pp. 2778-2787.
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The charge-density wave and geometric soliton structures of α,ω-diphenyl odd polyene ions (C6H5)2(CH)2n+1- with chain length 2n + 1 = 1-21, 29, 31, and 41 are calculated using AM1. Qualitatively, the effects of a phenyl end group on a polyene chain are predicted to be similar to the effects of extending the chain by three CH units. Hence, phenyl substitution is not expected to affect the properties of an infinite chain; the predicted geometric soliton bond-length alternation is Δri = 0.095 ± 0.002 Å and half-width is l = 7.0 ± 0.2 while the entire net ionic charge is localized on the soliton whose charge-density-wave half-width is l = 9.1 ± 0.3. For the shorter ions, experimental estimates of the charge-density-wave properties are made assuming various 13C NMR atomic chemical shift to atomic charge correlations. Use of the O'Brien postulate, according to which individual charges and shifts correlate in the same way as do their averages, is shown to be suspect by the AM1 calculations and predicts l = 13 ± 1.5; other correlations which relate the observed chemical shifts to AMI charges predict that l could be as low as 7. It is demonstrated that it is important not to consider individual atomic charges and chemical shifts, which are affected by the problems associated with determining CC bond polarizations (or bond ionicities), but rather to combine atomic charges into average bond charges and atomic chemical shifts into average bond chemical shifts. Given this, the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger soliton model is shown to provide an excellent description of the deduced charge-density wave. © 1993 American Chemical Society.

REIMERS, JR, CRAW, JS & HUSH, NS 1993, 'SOLITONS IN FINITE AND INFINITE LENGTH NEGATIVE-DEFECT TRANSPOLYACETYLENE AND THE CORRESPONDING BROOKER (POLYMETHINECYANINE) CATIONS .3. RELATION BETWEEN PREDICTED SOLITON CHARGE-DENSITY WAVE STRUCTURE OF ODD POLYENE ANIONS AND C-13 NMR CHEMICAL-SHIFTS', JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, vol. 97, no. 11, pp. 2778-2787.
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REIMERS, JR, CRAW, JS, WONG, A, BACSKAY, GB & HUSH, NS 1993, 'COMPARISON OF SOLITON GEOMETRY AND CHARGE-DENSITY-WAVE STRUCTURE, AND BAND-GAPS, BETWEEN ODD POLYENE AND SYMMETRICAL POLYMETHINE CYANINE (BROOKER) IONS AND T-POLYACETYLENE-SCF AND MODEL HAMILTONIAN APPROACHES WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR MOLECULAR WIRES AND SWITCHES', MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SECTION A-MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS, vol. 234, pp. 51-57.
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REUBEN, AJ, RADCHIK, AV & SMITH, GB 1993, 'THE POLARIZABILITY OF CHAINS OF TOUCHING CYLINDER PAIRS', JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND GENERAL, vol. 26, no. 8, pp. 2021-2036.
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By solving the Laplace equation in an appropriate coordinate frame, simple expressions have been derived for the polarizability per unit area of infinitely long chains of touching pairs of cylinders. The method used presupposes no restrictions on the val

Rice, SA, Bieber, J, Chun, JY, Stacey, G & Lampson, BC 1993, 'Diversity of retron elements in a population of rhizobia and other gram-negative bacteria', Journal of Bacteriology, vol. 175, no. 13, pp. 4250-4254.
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Genetic elements called retrons reside on the chromosome of Escherichia coli and the myxobacteria and represent the first reverse transcriptase-encoding element to be found in a prokaryotic cell. All known retrons produce a functionally obscure RNA-DNA satellite molecule called multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA). We report here the presence of msDNA-producing retron elements in a number of new bacterial groups, including strains of the genera Proteus, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Nannocystis, Rhizobium, and Bradyrhizobium. Among a population of 63 rhizobia strains, only 16% contain a retron element. The rhizobia retrons appear to be heterogeneous in nucleotide sequence and show little similarity to previously studied retrons of E. coli and the myxobacteria.

Rice, SA, Lam, V & Knipe, DM 1993, 'The acidic amino-terminal region of herpes simplex virus type 1 alpha protein ICP27 is required for an essential lytic function', Journal of Virology, vol. 67, no. 4, pp. 1778-1787.
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The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) alpha protein ICP27 regulates the transition between the delayed-early and late phases of the viral infection. Previous genetic analyses have suggested that the important functional domains of ICP27 map to its carboxyl-terminal half. One striking feature of the primary sequence of ICP27, however, is an extremely acidic region near its amino terminus. To determine whether this region is required for ICP27 function, we deleted the sequences in the ICP27 gene which encode it (codons 12 through 63). In transient expression assays, the deletion mutant was unable to efficiently repress the expression of a cotransfected reporter gene or to efficiently complement the growth of d27-1, an HSV-1 ICP27 null mutant. These results suggested that the acidic region of ICP27 is involved in a regulatory function required for lytic growth. To test this possibility further, we introduced the mutant allele into the HSV-1 genome by marker transfer. Two independently derived isolates of the mutant virus, designated d1-2a and d1-2b, were recovered and analyzed. Both isolates were defective for growth in Vero cells, exhibiting a 100-fold reduction in virus yield compared with the wild-type infection. Vero cells infected with the d1-2 isolates showed a three- to eightfold reduction in viral DNA replication, a moderate reduction in the expression of viral gamma genes, and a delay in the repression of beta genes. The phenotype of the d1-2 isolates differs substantially from the phenotypes of previously isolated ICP27 mutants, which show much more severe defects in viral gene expression. Our results demonstrate that the amino-terminal half of ICP27 participates in its regulatory activities in both infected and transfected cells.

ROHDE, K, HEFFORD, C, ELLIS, JT, BAVERSTOCK, PR, JOHNSON, AM, WATSON, NA & DITTMANN, S 1993, 'CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE PHYLOGENY OF PLATYHELMINTHES BASED ON PARTIAL SEQUENCING OF 18S RIBOSOMAL DNA', INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 705-724.
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Partial sequencing of the 18S ribosomal DNA gene of one nemertean and 13 free-living and parasitic Platyhelminthes (556 nucleotides), and of one nemertean and 20 Platyhelminthes (556 nucleotides) was used to test several hypotheses concerning the phyloge

Rosenthal, AK, Mccarty, BA, Cheung, HS & Ryan, M 1993, 'A comparison of the effect of transforming growth factor β1 on pyrophosphate elaboration from various articular tissues', Arthritis & Rheumatism, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 539-542.
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AbstractObjective. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) on inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) elaboration from articular tissues to better understand the pathophysiology of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystal deposition in the joint.Methods. PPi was measured in the media of adult porcine articular tissue in organ culture and monolayer cultures.Results. TGF/β1 strongly stimulated PPi elaboration by porcine fibrocartilage and hyaline cartilage. It modestly increased PPi elaboration by ligament, and had no effect on PPi elaborated by synovium. Of all cell types tested in cell culture, only chondrocytes responded to TGF/β1 by significantly increasing PPi elaboration.Conclusion. TGF/β1 stimulates PPi elaboration from hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, and ligament, indicating that there is in situ CPPD crystal formation in these tissues. The ability of tissues to respond to TGFβ1 by increasing PPi elaboration correlates with the prevalence of CPPD crystal deposition found clinically. The unique response of chondrocyte monolayers to TGF/β1 reinforces the key role of the chondrocyte in PPi elaboration in the joint. These findings support an etiologic role for responsiveness to TGFβ1 in CPPD disease.

RYAN, L 1993, 'USING HISTORICAL CONTROLS IN THE ANALYSIS OF DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY DATA', BIOMETRICS, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 1126-1135.
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Historical control data can often aid in the interpretation of the results from laboratory dose-response experiments. For example, formal statistical methods for using historical data are well established for carcinogenicity studies. In that case, a score test derived from a beta-binomial model yields a simple modification of the standard Cochran-Armitage test for trend. However, this test cannot be used for developmental toxicity studies since it does not allow for the additional correlation structure induced by the presence of litter effects. In this paper, quasi-likelihood methods are used to incorporate historical control information into a trend test for the types of correlated binary outcomes that typically arise in developmental toxicity studies. The proposed test is asymptotically equivalent to the beta-binomial score test in the special case when all the litter sizes are equal to 1. Malformation data from a series of developmental toxicity studies illustrate the results.

RYAN, L, KRAMAR, A & BORDEN, E 1993, 'PROGNOSTIC FACTORS IN METASTATIC MELANOMA', CANCER, vol. 71, no. 10, pp. 2995-3005.
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RYAN, P, HURLEY, SF, JOHNSON, AM, SALZBERG, M, LEE, MW, NORTH, JB, McNEIL, JJ & McMICHAEL, AJ 1993, 'Tumours of the Brain and Presence of Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii', International Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 412-419.
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The possible association between prior infection with the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii and development of brain tumours was investigated as part of two Australian population-based case-control studies of adult brain tumours. One study, based in Adelaide, South Australia, collected blood from 73 subjects with glioma, 53 subjects with meningioma and 348 controls. The other study, based in Melbourne, Victoria, collected blood from 44 subjects with glioma and 67 controls. All tumours had been verified histologically. IgG antibodies to T. gondii ware measured using Enzyme Unked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) techniques. In both the centre-specific and combined analyses, there was no difference between subjects with glioma and controls in the prevalence of antibody test-positivity (35% test-positive in glioma versus 33% in controls, age-, sex- and centre-adjusted odds ratio (OR)=1.00, 95% confidence interval (Cl): 0.64-1.56). In the Adelaide study, there was a statistically significant increased risk of meningioma associated with antibody test-positivity (47% test-positive in meningloma versus 31% in controls, P=0.02, adjusted OR=2.09, 95% Cl: 1.14-3.83). Our results do not support the hypothesis that antibody positivity to T. gondii is a risk factor for glioma, but suggest that it might be associated with meningioma. © 1992 International Epidemiological Association.

SAUNDERS, BM, LIU, Z, ZHAN, Y & CHEERS, C 1993, 'Interleukin‐6 production during chronic experimental infection', Immunology & Cell Biology, vol. 71, no. 4, pp. 275-280.
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SummaryThe appearance of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) in serum of mice was monitored during the course of chronic infection with either Brucella abortus vaccine strain 19 or a virulent Mycobacterium avium Complex (MAC) isolate. Serum IL‐6 during brucella infection was higher than during infection with MAC, despite similar numbers of bacteria. Furthermore, IL‐6 titres decreased after the peak of infection, falling to baseline levels before these chronic infections were eradicated. The ability of peritoneal cells or spleen cell suspensions to produce IL‐6 under either specific or non‐specific stimulus was greatly enhanced by infection. While production of IL‐6 by these cultures was apparently mostly independent of T cells, T cells from infected mice could produce an lL‐6 response. Thus CD4+ T lymphocytes prepared from mice which had recovered from B. abortus infection, cultured with antigen and antigen presenting cells, resulted in IL‐6 production, which was not observed in similarly cultured CD8+ T cells, indicating a role for T cells.

Sepanski, JH & Carroll, RJ 1993, 'Semiparametric quasilikelihood and variance function estimation in measurement error models', Journal of Econometrics, vol. 58, no. 1-2, pp. 223-256.
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SHAN, L, GUDDAT, LW, RAISON, RL & EDMUNDSON, AB 1993, 'CRYSTALLIZATION OF AN FV FRAGMENT FROM A HUMAN-IGM CRYOGLOBULIN BY A MICROSEEDING TECHNIQUE', JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH, vol. 126, no. 2-3, pp. 229-244.
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In contrast to many fragments of human IgM immunoglobulins, V(L)-V(H) heterodimer (Fv) from a patient (Pot) with macroglobulinemia produces large single crystals in relatively short periods of time (days). It was therefore convenient to segregate the cry

Simpson, AM, Iland, H, Clarke, RA, Burn, AL & Tuch, BE 1993, 'Transformation of pituitary and fibroblast cell lines using human insulin c-DNA and a dexamethasone-inducible promoter.', Transplant Proc, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 2915-2916.

SOUTHERTON, SG, STRAUSS, SH, OLIVE, MR & DENNIS, ES 1993, 'CLONING OF THE FLORAL HOMEOTIC GENE HOMOLOG OF LEAFY FLORICAULA IN EUCALYPTUS-GLOBULUS', JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY, pp. 24-24.

TANGYE, SG, WESTON, KM & RAISON, RL 1993, 'IN-VITRO INDUCTION OF PROLIFERATION AND IG CLASS SWITCH IN B-CLL CELLS', JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY, vol. 0, pp. 77-77.
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Ung, AT, Bishop, R, Craig, DC, Dance, I & Scudder, ML 1993, 'Helical Tubulate Inclusion Compounds of Ferrocene and Squalene', Journal of Inclusion Phenomena and Molecular Recognition in Chemistry, vol. 2, pp. 123-131.

UNG, AT, BISHOP, R, CRAIG, DC, DANCE, IG & SCUDDER, ML 1993, 'CRYSTAL ENGINEERING - HELICAL TUBULAND DIOL PHENOL COCRYSTALS', JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 322-323.
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UNG, AT, BISHOP, R, CRAIG, DC, DANCE, IG & SCUDDER, ML 1993, 'PREDICTION AND STRUCTURE OF POLYMORPHIC LATTICE INCLUSION-COMPOUNDS OF 2,7-DIMETHYLTRICYCLO[4.3.1.0(3,8)]UNDECANE-SYN-2,SYN-7-DIOL', TETRAHEDRON, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 639-648.
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The host molecule 2,7-drmethylmcyclo[4 3 1 03~a]undecane-syn-2,rysyn-7-diol 1 is known to fotm two d&rent structural types of latuce mcluaon compound dependent on the guest molecule chosen Guests, mcludmg 1,Zdlchlorobenzene 2, have now been predicted which result in the formation of both lattice types according to the crystallisation conditions employed. Crvstal structures of the ellpsoidal clathrate type. (Racemic-1)4.( 1.2- chlorobenzene), space group I41/acd; and the helical tubulate hype `(Resolved-1)3 (1,2-Dichlorobenzene), space group P3121 are presented The latter polymorph 1s transformed into the former on heating in a sealed system

UNG, AT, BISHOP, R, CRAIG, DC, DANCE, IG, RAE, AD & SCUDDER, ML 1993, 'HELICAL TUBULATE INCLUSION-COMPOUNDS OF FERROCENE AND SQUALENE', JOURNAL OF INCLUSION PHENOMENA AND MOLECULAR RECOGNITION IN CHEMISTRY, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 385-398.
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The inclusion compounds of 2,8-dimethyltricyclo[5.3.1.13,9]dodecane-syn-2, syn-8-diol, 3, with ferrocene and with squalene have been prepared. The crystal structures of these helical tubulate compounds: (3)3·(ferrocene)0.75 [P3121, a=b=13.7480(6), c=7.0312(5) Å, Z=1, R=0.038] and (3)3·(squalene)0.23 [P3121, a=b=13.677(1), c=7.0533(9) Å, Z=1, R=0.042] are described. © 1993 Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Wand, MP & Devroye, L 1993, 'How easy is a given density to estimate?', Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 311-323.
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Wand, MP & Jones, MC 1993, 'Comparison of Smoothing Parameterizations in Bivariate Kernel Density Estimation', Journal of the American Statistical Association, vol. 88, no. 422, pp. 520-520.
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Wand, MP & Jones, MC 1993, 'Comparison of Smoothing Parameterizations in Bivariate Kernel Density Estimation', Journal of the American Statistical Association, vol. 88, no. 422, pp. 520-528.
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The basic kernel density estimator in one dimension has a single smoothing parameter, usually referred to as the bandwidth. For higher dimensions, however, there are several options for smoothing parameterization of the kernel estimator. For the bivariate case, there can be between one and three independent smoothing parameters in the estimator, which leads to a flexibility versus complexity trade-off when using this estimator in practice. In this article the performances of the different possible smoothing parameterizations are compared, using both the asymptotic and exact mean integrated squared error. Our results show that it is important to have independent smoothing parameters for each of the coordinate directions. Although this is enough for many situations, for densities with high amounts of curvature in directions different to those of the coordinate axes, substantial gains can be made by allowing the kernel mass to have arbitrary orientations. The “sphering” approaches to choosing this orientation are shown to be detrimental in general, however. © 1993 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

WANG, CY & CARROLL, RJ 1993, 'On robust estimation in logistic case-control studies', Biometrika, vol. 80, no. 1, pp. 237-241.
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WEBB, JK & SHINE, R 1993, 'PREY-SIZE SELECTION, GAPE LIMITATION AND PREDATOR VULNERABILITY IN AUSTRALIAN BLINDSNAKES (TYPHLOPIDAE)', ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 1117-1126.
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Blindsnakes, Ramphotyphlops nigrescens, are small wormlike fossorial snakes that feed principally on the larvae and pupae of ants. Examination of stomach contents showed that larger blindsnakes consumed larger prey items than, and different prey species from, smaller blindsnakes. Only the largest snakes consumed brood of the large and formidable 'bulldog ants', Myrmecia. Three hypotheses for the causal basis of this size-related shift in dietary habits were tested. Observations on captive snakes suggested that they are gape-limited predators, and the prey items eaten by small snakes in the field are as large as they could physically ingest in the laboratory. Hence, the absence of large prey items from small snakes may be due simply to gape-limitation. However, medium-sized blindsnakes were capable of ingesting items larger than those that they take in the field. The absence of Myrmecia in the diets of these snakes is not due to prey choice (Myrmecia were readily eaten in the laboratory) or to an inability to locate or follow pheromonal trails of this ant genus, because all size classes of blindsnakes readily followed Myrmecia trails in the laboratory. Instead, the absence of Myrmecia from the diets of smaller snakes is probably due to the snakes' size-dependent vulnerability to nest defence by the bulldog ants. In laboratory encounters, Myrmecia workers were able to bite and sting (and eventually kill) small blindsnakes, but larger snakes were relatively invulnerable to attack. © 1993 Academic Press, Inc.

WESTON, KM, TANGYE, SG & RAISON, RL 1993, 'HUMAN POLYREACTIVE IGM BINDS MOUSE IGG LIGHT-CHAIN IN A CONFORMATIONALLY DEPENDENT INTERACTION', JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY, vol. 0, pp. 92-92.
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ZENG, J, CRAW, JS, HUSH, NS & REIMERS, JR 1993, 'MEDIUM EFFECTS ON MOLECULAR AND IONIC ELECTRONIC-SPECTRA - APPLICATION TO THE LOWEST 1(N, PI-ASTERISK) STATE OF DILUTE PYRIDINE IN WATER', CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS, vol. 206, no. 1-4, pp. 323-328.
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ZENG, J, CRAW, JS, HUSH, NS & REIMERS, JR 1993, 'SOLVENT EFFECTS ON MOLECULAR-SPECTRA .1. NORMAL-PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS OF THE STRUCTURE OF DILUTE PYRIMIDINE IN WATER', JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS, vol. 99, no. 3, pp. 1482-1495.
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ZENG, J, HUSH, NS & REIMERS, JR 1993, 'ENTHALPY OF HYDRATION AND PARTIAL MOLAR SPECIFIC VOLUME AS CRITERIA FOR EVALUATION OF INTERMOLECULAR POTENTIALS - NPT-ENSEMBLE MONTE-CARLO CALCULATIONS FOR DILUTE NEON IN WATER', CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS, vol. 206, no. 1-4, pp. 318-322.
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ZENG, J, HUSH, NS & REIMERS, JR 1993, 'SOLVENT EFFECTS ON MOLECULAR-SPECTRA .2. SIMULATIONS OF HYDRATED CLUSTERS AND DILUTE-SOLUTIONS OF PYRIMIDINE IN ITS LOWEST (N,PI-ASTERISK) SINGLET EXCITED-STATE', JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS, vol. 99, no. 3, pp. 1496-1507.
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ZENG, J, HUSH, NS & REIMERS, JR 1993, 'SOLVENT EFFECTS ON MOLECULAR-SPECTRA .3. ABSORPTION TO AND EMISSION FROM THE LOWEST SINGLET (N,PI-ASTERISK) STATE OF DILUTE PYRIMIDINE IN WATER', JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS, vol. 99, no. 3, pp. 1508-1521.
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BELL, JM, SMITH, GB, GREEN, DC, BARCZYNSKA, J, EVANS, L, MACDONALD, KA, VOELKEL, G, WEST, BO & SPICCIA, L 1970, 'ASSESSMENT OF ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES BASED ON SOL-GEL DEPOSITED FILMS', OPTICAL MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION XII, Conference on Optical Materials Technology for Energy Efficiency and Solar Energy Conversion 12, SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, SAN DIEGO, CA, pp. 132-142.
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BLUM, RH, EDMONSON, J, RYAN, L & PELLETIER, L 1970, 'EFFICACY OF IFOSFAMIDE IN COMBINATION WITH DOXORUBICIN FOR THE TREATMENT OF METASTATIC SOFT-TISSUE SARCOMA', CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY AND PHARMACOLOGY, SATELLITE SYMP ON IFOSFAMIDE IN THE TREATMENT OF SARCOMAS, AT THE 6TH EUROPEAN CONF ON CLINICAL ONCOLOGY AND CANCER NURSING, SPRINGER VERLAG, FLORENCE, ITALY, pp. S238-S240.

BOOTCOV, MR, POR, SB, ROBBINS, JM, VALENZUELA, S & BREIT, SN 1970, 'THE ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION GENE', JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY, FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL, ISI:A1993ME18500478, pp. 113-113.
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COCHRANE, G, ZHENG, ZT & SMITH, GB 1970, 'OPTIMIZATION OF THE ELECTRICAL AND OPTICAL-PROPERTIES OF ITO LAYERS DEPOSITED BY MAGNETRON SPUTTERING', OPTICAL MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION XII, Conference on Optical Materials Technology for Energy Efficiency and Solar Energy Conversion 12, SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, SAN DIEGO, CA, pp. 68-74.
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DENNIS, ES, MILLAR, A, DOLFERUS, R, OLIVE, M, DEBRUXELLES, G & PEACOCK, WJ 1970, 'MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF THE RESPONSE TO ANAEROBIC STRESS', ADAPTATION OF FOOD CROPS TO TEMPERATURE AND WATER STRESS, International Symposium on Adaptation of Food Crops to Temperature and Water Stress, ASIAN VEGETABLE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT CTR, TAIPEI, TAIWAN, pp. 59-67.

FORD, MJ, DOERING, JP, COOPER, JW, COPLAN, MA & MOORE, JH 1970, 'ELECTRON-IMPACT DOUBLE-IONIZATION OF NEON', JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE IV, International Symposium on (e, 2e) Collisions, Double Photoionization and Related Processes - (e, 2e) 93, Official Satellite of the 18th ICPEAC, EDITIONS PHYSIQUE, PARIS, FRANCE, pp. 117-123.
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Moran, MS, Weitz, MA, Vidal, A, Goodrich, DC, Amed, SA, Ammon, DS, Batchily, K, Blanford, J, Clarke, TR, Eastman, L, Fox, D, Gellman, D, Hodshon-Yates, M, Hendy, H, Huete, AR, Keefer, T, KieseIl, K, Lane, L, Rahman, AF, Sorooshian, S, Troufleau, D & Washburn, I 1970, 'Evaluating Energy Balance Of Semiarid Rangeland From Combined Optical-microwave Remote Sensing', Proceedings of IEEE Topical Symposium on Combined Optical, Microwave, Earth and Atmosphere Sensing, IEEE Topical Symposium on Combined Optical, Microwave, Earth and Atmosphere Sensing, IEEE, pp. 82-85.
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Post, DF, Bryant, RB, Batchily, AK, Huete, AR, Levine, SJ, Mays, MD & Escadafal, R 1970, 'Correlations Between Field and Laboratory Measurements of Soil Color', SOIL COLOR, SYMP ON SOIL COLOR, Soil Science Society of America, SAN ANTONIO, TX, pp. 35-49.
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Qi, J, Kerr, Y, Huete, AR, Sorooshian, S & Dedieu, G 1970, 'Retrieval Of Surface Physical Parameters With AVHRR And SMMR Over Africa', Proceedings of IEEE Topical Symposium on Combined Optical, Microwave, Earth and Atmosphere Sensing, IEEE Topical Symposium on Combined Optical, Microwave, Earth and Atmosphere Sensing, IEEE, pp. 96-99.
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© 1993 IEEE. It is well established that optical remote sensing can be used to retrieve surface vegetation information provided that the atmosphere is sufficiently clcar and cloud free. Passive microwave remote sensing has been successfully used for extracting information on surface soil moisture provided that information on vegetation characteristics is known. In this study, we merge the two sources of information to characterize the soil and vegetation surface / atmosphere interface. The technique utilizes the information contained in two microwavc frequencies as well as visible and near-infrared wavebands to cxtract both soil moisture and vegetation characteristics. It relates the microwave polarization ratios to vegetation indices derived from optical remote sensors through a theoretical radiative transfer model. The method was applied in a regional scale context, over a diverse range of biomes along a 60°, African transect for the year 1986. The sensors used included the Nimbus-7 Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) and the NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). The synergistic use of the two sensors allowed for the retrieval of soil moisture, vegetation cover. In this paper, we will describe the method and results, together with discussions on the potentials and limitations of this synergistic relationship involving the optical and microwave remote sensing.

Rajaai, SM, Herbert, TJ, Milthorpe, BK & Schindhelm, K 1970, 'Design of an ulna head prosthesis', Proceedings of the 15th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Societ, 15th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Societ, IEEE, pp. 1099-1100.
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Pathological conditions of the ulna head normally cause its instability and result in pain, weakness and limitation of movement of the wrist. In many cases excision of the ulna head is unavoidable, but excision alone may not be adequate and can cause further derangement of wrist performance. Therefore, need exists in some cases to replace the ulna head with an appropriate prosthesis. Existing ulna head prostheses have proven inadequate. The aim of this study was to establish a design for the potential development of an ulna head prosthesis. The dimensions of 100 ulnae have been recorded and classified and are the basis for design and sizing of the prosthesis. Only three prosthetic sizes are required clinically. A stress analysis has been performed for the head and stem of the prosthesis and has demonstrated adequate mechanical strength for the clinical application. The materials of construction selected for the stress analysis are alumina for the head and Ti-6Al-4V for the stem of the prosthesis.

RYAN, L 1970, 'POTENCY MEASURES FOR DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY', ENVIRONMETRICS, International Conference on Environmental Biometrics, JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD, UNIV SYDNEY, WOMENS COLL, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA, pp. 507-518.
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SMITH, GB, NG, MW, REUBEN, AJ, RADCHIK, AV & DLIGATCH, S 1970, 'FINE-TUNING THE SPECTRAL RESPONSE OF METAL-INSULATOR COMPOSITES FOR SPECIFIC SOLAR APPLICATIONS', OPTICAL MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION XII, Conference on Optical Materials Technology for Energy Efficiency and Solar Energy Conversion 12, SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, SAN DIEGO, CA, pp. 58-67.
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VALENZUELA, S, POR, SB, ROBBINS, JM & BREIT, SN 1970, 'SUBTRACTION CLONING OF A NOVEL ACTIVATION GENE IN U937 CELLS', JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY, FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL, ISI:A1993ME18500495, pp. 116-116.
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Murray, B 1993, 'Dietary Patterns in Two Species of Australian Desert Rodents: Notomys alexis and Pseudomys hermannsburgensis (Muridae)'.