Publications

Hoppenrath, M, Murray, S, Chomerat, N, Horiguchi, T & Rhodes, L 2023, Marine Benthic Dinoflagellates - their relevance for science and society, 2, Senckenberg Kleine Reihe, Germany.
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This book is the most comprehensive summary of our knowledge of benthic dinoflagellate species, including a compilation of their toxins.Dinoflagellates are important primary producers, symbionts and, at the same time, heterotrophic consumers and parasites. The species composition in benthic habitats is quite distinct from planktonic habitats. Our understanding of benthic dinoflagellate biodiversity, biogeography, toxicology and ecology has improved but is still rudimentary. Benthic harmful algal blooms have attracted increasing interest because of the impact of ciguatera poisoning, the most important food-borne disease of non-bacterial origin worldwide, which is caused by benthic dinoflagellate species. Ciguatera poisoning appears to have increased worldwide in recent years. This publication is an updated summary of the taxonomy of currently described taxa and includes morphological and for the first time molecular genetic information for species identification. It contains the most comprehensive review of benthic dinoflagellate toxins published so far. The book also describes methods of study, discusses phylogenetics and evolution, and highlights their scientific relevance as well as the health and economic impacts of benthic dinoflagellates for society.Compared to the first edition (KSR Vol. 54), 64 new species, 20 new genera and 19 new combinations are described. All chapters have been revised to reflect the latest knowledge and more than 150 new publications have been integrated. The methods section has been expanded to include light microscopy, molecular genetic methods for detection and quantification, and toxicity tests and toxin analyses. For example, a new sampling method that can also be used for quantification is described, as is the metabarcoding approach to biodiversity detection. Species descriptions have been expanded, in many cases with information on molecular identification. The chapter on toxins has been updated. The chapter Rel...

Alonzo, M & Fu, S 2023, 'Cocaine' in Encyclopedia of Forensic Sciences, Third Edition, Elsevier, pp. 573-585.
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Alonzo, M & Fu, S 2023, 'Hallucinogens' in Encyclopedia of Forensic Sciences, Third Edition, Elsevier, pp. 107-121.
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Alonzo, M & Fu, S 2023, 'New Psychoactive Substances' in Encyclopedia of Forensic Sciences, Third Edition, Elsevier, pp. 660-681.
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Frick, AA, Spindler, X & Bleay, SM 2023, 'Chemistry of Fingerprint Residue' in Encyclopedia of Forensic Sciences: Volume 1-4, Third Edition, Elsevier, The Netherlands, pp. 521-529.
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The chemical composition of fingerprint residue is complex and highly variable. Several components are susceptible to chemical modifications following deposition, which can have a significant impact on fingerprint recovery. In more recent years, interest has increased significantly in the information that can be gained from the chemical constituents of latent fingerprints, both from the perspective of fingerprint detection, and the potential to gain further intelligence from this type of evidence.

Gaiani, G, Diogène, J & Campàs, M 2023, 'Addressing Ciguatera Risk Using Biosensors for the Detection of Gambierdiscus and Ciguatoxins' in The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, Springer International Publishing, pp. 21-46.
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Jacka, L, Lindsay, J, Dowd, A & Naidu, S 2023, 'Hybrid and Flexible Learning' in Porter, DB, Campbell, C, Logan-Fleming, D & Jones, H (eds), Bringing the Australasian Technology and Practice Trends into Focus: The 2022–2023 Contextualising Horizon Report, ASCILITE.

Kelty, S, Green, N, Ribaux, O, Roux, C & Robertson, J 2023, 'Assessment of Occupational Stress' in Encyclopedia of Forensic Sciences, Third Edition, Elsevier, pp. 209-220.
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Kimonis, ER, Fleming, GE & Murrihy, RC 2023, 'Disruptive behavior disorders' in Handbook of Child and Adolescent Psychology Treatment Modules, Elsevier, pp. 205-226.
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McNevin, D & Padula, M 2023, 'Serology: Blood' in Encyclopedia of Forensic Sciences, Third Edition, Elsevier, pp. 470-483.
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Murray, ML & Murray, BR 2023, 'Phytoremediation of Agricultural Pollutants in the Tropics' in Wetlands for Remediation in the Tropics. Wetlands: Ecology, Conservation and Management, Springer, Cham, Switzerland, pp. 117-133.

Nguyen, DV, Nguyen, TT, Adha, RS, Zheng, L, Bui, XT, Ma, X & Vo, P 2023, 'Forward osmosis: Principle and applications in sustainable water and energy development' in Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering: Membrane Technology for Sustainable Water and Energy Management, Elsevier, The Netherlands, pp. 463-491.
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The global demand for freshwater is predicted to increase up to 30% by 2050. Therefore, water reuse/desalination for production of clean water and energy development are critically important. In the meantime, the forward osmosis (FO) membrane is an emerging process with the expectation of overcoming the challenges of the conventional pressure-driven membrane processes to achieve energy-efficient and sustainable water treatment. Herein this chapter introduces the theory of the forward osmosis process (definition, concept, and modeling equations for water flux, reverse solute flux prediction). Some critical factors (Temp, pH, FS, DS, CFV, configurations, etc.) affecting the performance of the FO membrane are presented systematically. In addition, the book chapter covers a summary of FO applications to the main sectors: desalination, wastewater treatment, water reuse, concentration of materials (juice, milk, algae, sludge, medicine, etc.), resource recovery (N, P, oil, heavy metals, etc.), agricultural fertigation, and energy generation. The chapter is expected to provide the readerships with a basic understanding of the FO process and its application to sustainable water and energy development.

Nienaber, C, Forbes, SL, Connor, M, Wescott, DJ, Ward, J, Steadman, DW & Colman, KL 2023, 'Forensic Taphonomy' in Encyclopedia of Forensic Sciences, Third Edition, Elsevier, pp. 700-711.
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Reimers, JR & McKemmish, LK 2023, 'Conceptual Understanding of Mixed-Valence Compounds and Its Extension to General Stereoisomerism' in Mixed-Valence Systems: Fundamentals, Synthesis, Electron Transfer, and Applications, WILEY-VCH, Germany, pp. 45-91.
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Isomerism in mixed-valence compounds is usually interpreted semi-quantitatively using the coupled harmonic oscillator model introduced by Hush. This review first considers the primary qualitative scenarios envisaged by his model: the weak-coupling regime in which non-adiabatic effects become critical, the intermediate-coupling regime typical of most chemical systems, the regime in which anharmonicity is critical, the strong-coupling regime typical of delocalized mixed-valence compounds, and the inverted regime in which reactions slow down with increasing exothermicity. In particular, different observable features, including, structural, spectroscopic, kinetic, Stark-effect, electrochemical, and spin resonance effects, are associated with each scenario. Extensions of the theory are then reviewed that facilitate applications to more general unimolecular isomerization processes. Treated uniformly, specific applications are then reviewed pertaining to traditional mixed-valence complexes including Prussian blue and the Creutz–Taube ion, primary charge separation during bacterial photosynthesis and in artificial devices, charge transport in molecular conductors, hydrogen bonding, the ammonia inversion reaction, identification of the primary feature causing the chemistry of first-row elements to differ so much from that of the later rows, and aromaticity.

Ross, PM, Scanes, E, Byrne, M, Ainsworth, TD, Donelson, JM, Foo, SA, Hutchings, P, Thiyagarajan, V & Parker, LM 2023, 'SURVIVING THE ANTHROPOCENE: THE RESILIENCE OF MARINE ANIMALS TO CLIMATE CHANGE' in Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review, Volume 61, Taylor & Francis, pp. 35-80.
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If marine organisms are to persist through the Anthropocene, they will need to be resilient, but what is resilience, and can resilience of marine organisms build within a single lifetime or over generations? The aim of this review is to evaluate the resilience capacity of marine animals in a time of unprecedented global climate change. Resilience is the capacity of an ecosystem, society, or organism to recover from stress. Marine organisms can build resilience to climate change through phenotypic plasticity or adaptation. Phenotypic plasticity involves phenotypic changes in physiology, morphology, or behaviour which improve the response of an organism in a new environment without altering their genotype. Adaptation is an evolutionary longer process, occurring over many generations and involves the selection of tolerant genotypes which shift the average phenotype within a population towards the fitness peak. Research on resilience of marine organisms has concentrated on responses to specific species and single climate change stressors. It is unknown whether phenotypic plasticity and adaptation of marine organisms including molluscs, echinoderms, polychaetes, crustaceans, corals, and fish will be rapid enough for the pace of climate change.

Roux, C & Jones, K 2023, 'Paper Analysis' in Encyclopedia of Forensic Sciences, Third Edition, Elsevier, pp. 88-99.
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Scanes, E, Shalders, TC, Coleman, MA, Champion, C, Benkendorff, K, Joyce, PWS, Middleton, J, Cunsolo, A, Harper, S, Falkenberg, LJ & Dupont, S 2023, 'Climate change and the ocean' in Oceans and Human Health: Opportunities and Impacts, pp. 265-288.
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The Earth's atmosphere is increasingly modified by human activities that are driving directional, sustained, and rapid global change. There will be a cascade of impacts on marine systems including sea level rise, storm events, ocean acidification, changes in salinity (primarily ocean freshening), and ocean warming and marine heatwaves. These global-scale changes will combine to impact human physical and mental health via changes to, for example, coastal ecosystems, infrastructure, and resources (e.g., freshwater supplies, food security and safety, medical compounds); disease transmission via mosquito-borne diseases, naturalized organisms, fecal-oral pathways; extreme conditions such as rainfall, storm surges, and flooding; pollutants, including in the air; and human displacement and migration. The impact of these global changes will depend on the local climate, nonclimate environmental conditions, and socioeconomic contexts in which they manifest. Understanding these complexities is central to managing our ocean so that we ensure human health under a future climate.

Spindler, X & Frick, AA 2023, 'Visualization of Fingerprints' in Encyclopedia of Forensic Sciences: Volume 1-4, Third Edition, Elsevier, The Netherlands, pp. 811-820.
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Visualization of latent fingerprints is carried out using a variety of optical, physical, chemical and physico-chemical methods. The technique(s) applied typically depend on the porosity of the surface (substrate), beginning with optical techniques and proceeding to more elaborate or destructive methods as necessary. While a vast range of visualization methods are currently available for routine use, constant developments are required to meet ongoing challenges including the proliferation of new surface types, availability of key reagents and the needs of jurisdictions with limited resources.

Tuch, BE, Cheng, IS, Dang, HP, Chen, H & Dargaville, TR 2023, 'Pluripotent stem cells as a therapy for type 1 diabetes' in Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science, Elsevier, pp. 363-378.
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Verma, NK, Naik, RR, Wong, BHS, Jayaraman, A, Fazil, MHUT, Lim, KY, Cheam, MS, Yuan, JCX, Ting, JKY, Mamidi, A, Lakshminarayanan, R, Lai, KO, Wong, JH, Fairley, LH, Salvatore Vincent, A, Qi, CLZ, Verma, R & Barron, AM 2023, 'Rare autoimmune and autoinflammatory neurologic disorders' in Translational Neuroimmunology, Volume 7, Elsevier, pp. 189-219.
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Ward, J & Watherston, J 2023, 'Quantitative and qualitative assessment of DNA recovered from human skeletal remains' in Forensic Genetic Approaches for Identification of Human Skeletal Remains, Elsevier, pp. 137-163.
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Ward, J, Watherston, J, Kahline, I, McMahon, TP & Edson, SM 2023, 'Genotyping and sequencing of DNA recovered from human skeletal remains using capillary electrophoresis (CE)' in Forensic Genetic Approaches for Identification of Human Skeletal Remains, Elsevier, pp. 285-323.
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Watherston, J & Ward, J 2023, 'Autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) profiling of human skeletal remains' in Forensic Genetic Approaches for Identification of Human Skeletal Remains, Elsevier, pp. 167-197.
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Wen, S, Bao, G & Jin, D 2023, 'Advanced optical properties of upconversion nanoparticles' in Encyclopedia of Nanomaterials, Elsevier, pp. 613-648.
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Zhang, J, Zhao, Y, Guo, X, Chen, C, Dong, CL, Liu, RS, Han, CP, Li, Y, Gogotsi, Y & Wang, G 2023, 'Single platinum atoms immobilized on an mxene as an efficient catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction' in MXenes: From Discovery to Applications of Two-Dimensional Metal Carbides and Nitrides, pp. 829-852.

A. Anwar, S, Srivastava, A & Zerouali, B 2023, 'On the role of land-surface hydrology schemes in simulating the daily maximum and minimum air temperatures of Australia using a regional climate model (RegCM4)', Journal of Water and Climate Change, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 989-1011.
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Abstract The present study addresses the possible effects of soil moisture changes on the simulated daily maximum and minimum air temperatures of Australia for a duration of 13 years. Therefore, the community land model version 4.5 (CLM4.5; coupled to the RegCM4) was used to represent the soil moisture and processes associated with it. The CLM4.5 has two land-surface hydrology schemes: TOPMODEL (TOP) and Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) and two simulations were conducted, namely: TOP and VIC. The results showed that VIC has lower soil moisture than TOP, leading to a decrease in vegetation transpiration, evaporation, and an increase in soil evaporation relative to TOP. However, there is no considerable difference between the two simulations compared with reanalysis products. In comparison to in-situ measurements, the RegCM4 can reasonably model the climatological annual cycle of mean air temperature (TMP) and its performance varies with the study site (e.g., RegCM4 overestimates TMP by 2.76 and 5.46 °C at Yanco and Tumbarumba, respectively). In summary, the simulated maximum and minimum air temperatures are sensitive to the physical parameterization of RegCM4 rather than variations in soil moisture. Likewise, improvements to the land-surface hydrology schemes TOP/VIC are required to better model Australia's daily maximum and minimum air temperatures.

Abbriano, RM, George, J, Kahlke, T, Commault, AS & Fabris, M 2023, 'Mobilization of a diatom mutator‐like element (MULE) transposon inactivates the uridine monophosphate synthase (UMPS) locus in Phaeodactylum tricornutum', The Plant Journal, vol. 115, no. 4, pp. 926-936.
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SUMMARYDiatoms are photosynthetic unicellular microalgae that drive global ecological phenomena in the biosphere and are emerging as sustainable feedstock for an increasing number of industrial applications. Diatoms exhibit enormous taxonomic and genetic diversity, which often results in peculiar biochemical and biological traits. Transposable elements (TEs) represent a substantial portion of diatom genomes and have been hypothesized to exert a relevant role in enriching genetic diversity and making a core contribution to genome evolution. Here, through long‐read whole‐genome sequencing, we identified a mutator‐like element (MULE) in the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and we report the direct observation of its mobilization within the course of a single laboratory experiment. Under selective conditions, this TE inactivated the uridine monophosphate synthase (UMPS) gene of P. tricornutum, one of the few endogenous genetic loci currently targeted for selectable auxotrophy for functional genetics and genome‐editing applications. We report the observation of a recently mobilized transposon in diatoms with unique features. These include the combined presence of a MULE transposase with zinc‐finger SWIM‐type domains and a diatom‐specific E3 ubiquitin ligase of the zinc‐finger UBR type, which are suggestive of a mobilization mechanism. Our findings provide new elements for the understanding of the role of TEs in diatom genome evolution and in the enrichment of intraspecific genetic variability.

Abdullah, A, Szkuta, B & Meakin, GE 2023, 'Effect of swabbing technique and duration on forensic DNA recovery', Science & Justice, vol. 63, no. 3, pp. 343-348.
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Afrose, D, Nikolic, V, Orlic, N, Mikovic, Z, Stefanovic, M, Cakic, Z, Hansbro, P, Su, P & McClements, L 2023, 'Uric acid is a promising biomarker and target of preeclampsia', Placenta, vol. 140, pp. e50-e50.
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Aharonovich, I 2023, 'Advances in Physics of Semiconductors', physica status solidi (b), vol. 260, no. 5.
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Aisbett, J, Drinkwater, EJ, Quarrie, KL & Woodcock, S 2023, 'Applying generalized funnel plots to help design statistical analyses', Statistical Papers, vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 355-364.
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AbstractResearchers across many fields routinely analyze trial data using Null Hypothesis Significance Tests with zero null and p < 0.05. To promote thoughtful statistical testing, we propose a visualization tool that highlights practically meaningful effects when calculating sample sizes. The tool re-purposes and adapts funnel plots, originally developed for meta-analyses, after generalizing them to cater for meaningful effects. As with traditional sample size calculators, researchers must nominate anticipated effect sizes and variability alongside the desired power. The advantage of our tool is that it simultaneously presents sample sizes needed to adequately power tests for equivalence, for non-inferiority and for superiority, each considered at up to three alpha levels and in positive and negative directions. The tool thus encourages researchers at the design stage to think about the type and level of test in terms of their research goals, costs of errors, meaningful effect sizes and feasible sample sizes. An R-implementation of the tool is available on-line.

Ajani, PA, Savela, H, Kahlke, T, Harrison, D, Jeffries, T, Kohli, GS, Verma, A, Laczka, O, Doblin, MA, Seymour, JR, Larsson, ME, Potts, J, Scanes, P, Gribben, PE, Harrison, L & Murray, SA 2023, 'Response of planktonic microbial assemblages to disturbance in an urban sub-tropical estuary', Water Research, vol. 243, pp. 120371-120371.
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Alamil, JMR, Xenaki, D, Manandhar, B, Paudel, KR, Hansbro, P, Oliver, B, Chellappan, DK & Dua, K 2023, 'Agarwood oil nanoemulsion attenuates production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced proinflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and IL-8 in human bronchial epithelial cells', EXCLI Journal : Experimental and Clinical Sciences, vol. 22, pp. 681-685.
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Alhamami, T, Roy, CP, Venter, H, Veltman, T, Truswell, A, Abraham, S, Sapula, SA, Carr, M, Djordjevic, SP & Trott, DJ 2023, 'Genomic profiling of Pasteurella multocida isolated from feedlot cases of bovine respiratory disease.', Vet Microbiol, vol. 283, pp. 109773-109773.
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Pasteurella multocida causes a range of diseases in many host species throughout the world, including bovine respiratory disease (BRD) which is predominantly seen in feedlot cattle. This study assessed genetic diversity among 139 P. multocida isolates obtained from post-mortem lung swabs of BRD-affected feedlot cattle in four Australian states: New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, and Victoria during 2014-2019. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used to determine capsular serogroup, lipopolysaccharide genotypes, multi-locus sequence types and phylogenetic relationships. Two capsular types (A and D), with most isolates (132/139; 95%) belonging to type A; and three lipopolysaccharide (LPS) genotypes were identified (L1 [6/139; 4.3%], L3 [124/139; 89.2%] and L6 [9/139; 6.4%)]). Multi-locus sequence types (STs) ST9, ST13, ST17, ST20, ST36, ST50, ST58, ST79, ST124, ST125, ST132, ST167, ST185, ST327, ST394, and three novel STs [ST396, ST397, and ST398] were identified, with ST394 (59/139; 42.4%) and ST79 (44/139; 32%) the most prevalent in all four states. Isolates displaying phenotypic resistance to single, dual or multiple antibiotics (macrolide, tetracycline and aminopenicillins) were predominantly ST394 (23/139; 17%). Laterally mobile elements identified in the resistant ST394 isolates included small plasmids, encoding macrolide and/or tetracycline resistance, distributed in all states; and chromosomally located integrative conjugative elements (ICEs) (4 ST394 and 1 ST125) from the same Queensland feedlot. This study highlights the genomic diversity, epidemiological relationships and AMR associations in bovine P. multocida isolates from Australia and provides insight into the unique ST prevalence compared to other major beef-producing countries.

Alharbi, KS, Javed Shaikh, MA, Imam, SS, Alshehri, S, Ghoneim, MM, Almalki, WH, Singh, SK, Kumar, D, Kumar, AP, Dua, K, Chellappan, DK, Paudel, KR & Gupta, G 2023, 'Role of Flavonoids in Management of Various Biological Targets inAlzheimer’s Disease: Evidence from Preclinical to Clinical Studies', Current Medicinal Chemistry, vol. 30, no. 18, pp. 2061-2074.
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Abstract: More than 10 million people worldwide have Alzheimer's disease (AD), a degenerative neurological illness and the most prevalent form of dementia. AD's progression in memory loss, cognitive deterioration, and behavioral changes are all symptoms. Amyloid-beta 42 (Aβ42), the hyperphosphorylated forms of microtubule-associated tau protein, and other cellular and systemic alterations are all factors that contribute to cognitive decline in AD. Rather than delivering a possible cure, present therapy strategies focus on reducing disease symptoms. It has long been suggested that various naturally occurring small molecules (plant extract products and microbiological isolates, for example) could be beneficial in preventing or treating disease. Small compounds, such as flavonoids, have attracted much interest recently due to their potential to alleviate cellular stress. Flavonoids have been proven helpful in various ways, including antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, and anti-apoptotic agents, but their mechanism remains unknown. The flavonoid therapy of Alzheimer's disease focuses on this review, which includes a comprehensive literature analysis.

Al‐Juboori, A, Zeng, HZJ, Nguyen, MAP, Ai, X, Laucht, A, Solntsev, A, Toth, M, Malaney, R & Aharonovich, I 2023, 'Quantum Key Distribution Using a Quantum Emitter in Hexagonal Boron Nitride', Advanced Quantum Technologies, vol. 6, no. 9.
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AbstractQuantum key distribution (QKD) is considered the most immediate application to be widely implemented among a variety of potential quantum technologies. QKD enables sharing secret keys between distant users by using photons as information carriers. An ongoing endeavor is to implement these protocols in practice in a robust, and compact manner so as to be efficiently deployable in a range of real‐world scenarios. Single photon sources (SPS) in solid‐state materials are prime candidates in this respect. This article demonstrates a room temperature, discrete‐variable quantum key distribution system using a bright single photon source in hexagonal‐boron nitride, operating in free‐space. Employing an easily interchangeable photon source system, keys with one million bits length, and a secret key of approximately 70000 bits, at a quantum bit error rate of 6%, with ε‐security of 10−10 are generated. This study demonstrates the first proof of concept finite‐key BB84 QKD system realized with hBN defects.

Allam, VSRR, Pavlidis, S, Liu, G, Kermani, NZ, Simpson, J, To, J, Donnelly, S, Guo, Y-K, Hansbro, PM, Phipps, S, Morand, EF, Djukanovic, R, Sterk, P, Chung, KF, Adcock, I, Harris, J & Sukkar, MB 2023, 'Macrophage migration inhibitory factor promotes glucocorticoid resistance of neutrophilic inflammation in a murine model of severe asthma.', Thorax, vol. 78, no. 7, pp. 661-673.
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BACKGROUND: Severe neutrophilic asthma is resistant to treatment with glucocorticoids. The immunomodulatory protein macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) promotes neutrophil recruitment to the lung and antagonises responses to glucocorticoids. We hypothesised that MIF promotes glucocorticoid resistance of neutrophilic inflammation in severe asthma. METHODS: We examined whether sputum MIF protein correlated with clinical and molecular characteristics of severe neutrophilic asthma in the Unbiased Biomarkers for the Prediction of Respiratory Disease Outcomes (U-BIOPRED) cohort. We also investigated whether MIF regulates neutrophilic inflammation and glucocorticoid responsiveness in a murine model of severe asthma in vivo. RESULTS: MIF protein levels positively correlated with the number of exacerbations in the previous year, sputum neutrophils and oral corticosteroid use across all U-BIOPRED subjects. Further analysis of MIF protein expression according to U-BIOPRED-defined transcriptomic-associated clusters (TACs) revealed increased MIF protein and a corresponding decrease in annexin-A1 protein in TAC2, which is most closely associated with airway neutrophilia and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In a murine model of severe asthma, treatment with the MIF antagonist ISO-1 significantly inhibited neutrophilic inflammation and increased glucocorticoid responsiveness. Coimmunoprecipitation studies using lung tissue lysates demonstrated that MIF directly interacts with and cleaves annexin-A1, potentially reducing its biological activity. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that MIF promotes glucocorticoid-resistance of neutrophilic inflammation by reducing the biological activity of annexin-A1, a potent glucocorticoid-regulated protein that inhibits neutrophil accumulation at sites of inflammation. This represents a previously unrecognised role for MIF in the regulation of inflammation and points to MIF as a potential therapeutic target for the management of sev...

Alqudah, A, AbuDalo, R, Qnais, E, Wedyan, M, Oqal, M & McClements, L 2023, 'The emerging importance of immunophilins in fibrosis development', Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, vol. 478, no. 6, pp. 1281-1291.
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AbstractImmunophilins are a family of proteins encompassing FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs) and cyclophilins (Cyps). FKBPs and Cyps exert peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) activity, which facilitates diverse protein folding assembly, or disassembly. In addition, they bind to immunosuppressant medications where FKBPs bind to tacrolimus (FK506) and rapamycin, whereas cyclophilins bind to cyclosporin. Some large immunophilins have domains other than PPIase referred to as tetratricopeptide (TPR) domain, which is involved in heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp 70) chaperone interaction. The TPR domain confers immunophilins’ pleotropic actions to mediate various physiological and biochemical processes. So far, immunophilins have been implicated to play an important role in pathophysiology of inflammation, cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. However, their importance in the development of fibrosis has not yet been elucidated. In this review we focus on the pivotal functional and mechanistic roles of different immunophilins in fibrosis establishment affecting various organs. The vast majority of the studies reported that cyclophilin A, FKBP12 and FKBP10 likely induce organ fibrosis through the calcineurin or TGF-β pathways. FKBP51 demonstrated a role in myelofibrosis development through calcineurin-dependant pathway, STAT5 or NF-κB pathways. Inhibition of these specific immunophilins has been shown to decrease the extent of fibrosis suggesting that immunophilins could be a novel promising therapeutic target to prevent or reverse fibrosis.

Alvarez, PR, Krix, DW, Offord, CA & Murray, BR 2023, 'Impact of extreme heatwaves and life-history traits on seed germination responses in Cumberland Plain Woodland native plant species', Australian Journal of Botany, vol. 71, no. 7, pp. 395-405.
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Context The Cumberland Plain Woodland (CPW) is a threatened ecological community that is expected to experience heatwaves of increasing intensity and frequency into the future. Given the central role that temperature plays in regulating seed germination, understanding the impacts of such heatwaves on key germination attributes is vital to identify potential impacts on plant community structure. Aims To determine the impacts of increased heatwave intensity and frequency treatments on seed germination within and across 15 native species of the CPW. We also examined the influence of interspecific variation in life-history traits on germination responses. Methods Seeds were exposed to seven heatwave treatments of increasing intensity and frequency. Life-history trait data were also collected for each species’ dormancy type, fire response traits, life form and seed mass. Key results There was evidence within the study species of a significant effect of heatwave treatment. Germination duration was prolonged for the two most extreme simulated heatwave events. Life-history traits could not explain germination responses after heatwave treatments, however, larger seeded species had quicker germination onset and shorter periods of germination over small-seeded species; and trees had lower proportions of germination than any other life form. Conclusions Increases in heatwave intensity and frequency have an impact on seed germination responses in native species of the CPW. Life-history traits could not explain germination responses across species along the heatwave gradient. Implications Projected increases in heatwave intensity and frequency are likely to impact seed germination, and thus community composition, in species from the CPW.

Ambrose, SJ, Hamidian, M & Hall, RM 2023, 'The extensively antibiotic resistant ST111 Acinetobacter baumannii isolate RBH2 carries an extensive mobile element complement of plasmids, transposons and insertion sequences.', Plasmid, vol. 128, pp. 102707-102707.
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The complete genome of RBH2, a sporadic, carbapenem resistant ST111 Acinetobacter baumannii isolate from Brisbane, Australia was determined and analysed. RBH2 is extensively resistant and the chromosome includes two transposons carrying antibiotic resistance genes, AbaR4 (oxa23 in Tn2006) and Tn7::Tn2006 (dfrA1, sat2, aadA1, oxa23). The chromosome also includes two copies of Tn6175, a transposon carrying putative copper resistance genes, and 1-17 copies of six different insertion sequences. RBH2 has six plasmids ranging in size from 6 kb - 141 kb, four carrying antibiotic resistance genes. Plasmids pRBH2-1 (aadB) and pRBH2-2 (aphA6 in TnaphA6) were found to be essentially identical to known plasmids pRAY*-v1 and pS21-1, respectively. The largest plasmids, pRBH2-5 (oxa23 in AbaR4) and pRBH2-6 (oxa23 in AbaR4::ISAba11 and sul2, tet(B), strA and strB in Tn6172) have known transfer-proficient relatives. pRBH2-5, an RP-T1 (RepAci6) plasmid, also carries a different putative copper resistance transposon related to Tn6177 found in pS21-2. The backbone of pRBH2-5 is related to those of previously described RepAci6 plasmids pAb-G7-2 and pA85-3 but has some distinctive features. Three different RepAci6 backbone types were distinguished, Type 1 (pAb-G7-2), Type 2 (pA85-3) and Type 3 (pRBH2-5 and pS21-2). pRBH2-6 is closely related to pAB3 and their backbones differ by only 5 SNPs. Plasmids pRBH2-3 and pRBH2-4 do not carry antibiotic resistance genes. pRBH2-3 does not include an identifiable rep gene and is a novel plasmid type. pRBH2-4 is of the R3-T3 type and includes segments of the larger pABTJ2 that heads this group. Other ST111 genomes carry different plasmids.

Andersson, J, Kleinheinz, D, Ramach, U, Kiesenhofer, N, Ashenden, A, Valtiner, M, Holt, S, Koeper, I, Schmidpeter, PAM & Knoll, W 2023, 'Native Function of the Bacterial Ion Channel SthK in a Sparsely Tethered Lipid Bilayer Membrane Architecture', The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol. 127, no. 16, pp. 3641-3650.
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Anwar, SA, Malcheva, K & Srivastava, A 2023, 'Estimating the potential evapotranspiration of Bulgaria using a high-resolution regional climate model', Theoretical and Applied Climatology, vol. 152, no. 3-4, pp. 1175-1188.
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Armbrecht, L, Focardi, A, Lawler, K, O’Brien, P, Leventer, A, Noble, TL, Opdyke, B, Duffy, M, Evangelinos, D, George, SC, Lieser, J, López‐Quirós, A, Post, A, Ostrowski, M, Paulsen, I & Armand, L 2023, 'From the Surface Ocean to the Seafloor: Linking Modern and Paleo‐Genetics at the Sabrina Coast, East Antarctica (IN2017_V01)', Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, vol. 128, no. 4.
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AbstractWith ongoing climate change, research into the biological changes occurring in particularly vulnerable ecosystems, such as Antarctica, is critical. The Totten Glacier region, Sabrina Coast, is currently experiencing some of the highest rates of thinning across all East Antarctica. An assessment of the microscopic organisms supporting the ecosystem of the marginal sea‐ice zone over the continental rise is important, yet there is a lack of knowledge about the diversity and distribution of these organisms throughout the water column, and their occurrence and/or preservation in the underlying sediments. Here, we provide a taxonomic overview of the modern and ancient marine bacterial and eukaryotic communities of the Totten Glacier region, using a combination of 16S and 18S rRNA amplicon sequencing (modern DNA) and shotgun metagenomics (sedimentary ancient DNA, sedaDNA). Our data show considerable differences between eukaryote and bacterial signals in the water column versus the sediments. Proteobacteria and diatoms dominate the bacterial and eukaryote composition in the upper water column, while diatoms, dinoflagellates, and haptophytes notably decrease in relative abundance with increasing water depth. Little diatom sedaDNA is preserved in the sediments, which are instead dominated by Proteobacteria and Retaria. We compare the diatom microfossil and sedaDNA record and link the weak preservation of diatom sedaDNA to DNA degradation while sinking through the water column to the seafloor. This study provides the first assessment of DNA transfer from ocean waters to sediments and an overview of the microscopic communities occurring in the climatically important Totten Glacier region.

Ashique, S, Gupta, K, Gupta, G, Mishra, N, Singh, SK, Wadhwa, S, Gulati, M, Dureja, H, Zacconi, F, Oliver, BG, Paudel, KR, Hansbro, PM, Chellappan, DK & Dua, K 2023, 'Vitamin D—A prominent immunomodulator to prevent COVID ‐19 infection', International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 13-30.
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AbstractCOVID‐19 remains a life‐threatening infectious disease worldwide. Several bio‐active agents have been tested and evaluated in an effort to contain this disease. Unfortunately, none of the therapies have been successful, owing to their safety concerns and the presence of various adverse effects. Various countries have developed vaccines as a preventive measure; however, they have not been widely accepted as effective strategies. The virus has proven to be exceedingly contagious and lethal, so finding an effective treatment strategy has been a top priority in medical research. The significance of vitamin D in influencing many components of the innate and adaptive immune systems is examined in this study. This review aims to summarize the research on the use of vitamin D for COVID‐19 treatment and prevention. Vitamin D supplementation has now become an efficient option to boost the immune response for all ages in preventing the spread of infection. Vitamin D is an immunomodulator that treats infected lung tissue by improving innate and adaptive immune responses and downregulating the inflammatory cascades. The preventive action exerted by vitamin D supplementation (at a specific dose) has been accepted by several observational research investigations and clinical trials on the avoidance of viral and acute respiratory dysfunctions. To assess the existing consensus about vitamin D supplementation as a strategy to treat and prevent the development and progression of COVID‐19 disease, this review intends to synthesize the evidence around vitamin D in relation to COVID‐19 infection.

Bai, L, Song, A, Wang, L, Lei, X, Zhang, T, Tian, H, Liu, H, Qin, X, Wang, G & Shao, G 2023, 'Enhancement of hydrogen desorption for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution on nickel-coupled graphite carbon nitride catalysts', Ionics, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 323-330.
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Bai, X, Zhang, D, Xiong, Z, Yang, S, Pei, C, Sun, B & Ni, S 2023, 'Construction of hierarchical Li3VO4/NC sponge structure for high-performance lithium storage', Electrochimica Acta, vol. 462, pp. 142807-142807.
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Bailey, RL, Jun, S, Cowan, AE, Eicher-Miller, HA, Gahche, JJ, Dwyer, JT, Hartman, TJ, Mitchell, DC, Seguin-Fowler, RA, Carroll, RJ & Tooze, JA 2023, 'Major Gaps in Understanding Dietary Supplement Use in Health and Disease', Annual Review of Nutrition, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 179-197.
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Precise dietary assessment is critical for accurate exposure classification in nutritional research, typically aimed at understanding how diet relates to health. Dietary supplement (DS) use is widespread and represents a considerable source of nutrients. However, few studies have compared the best methods to measure DSs. Our literature review on the relative validity and reproducibility of DS instruments in the United States [e.g., product inventories, questionnaires, and 24-h dietary recalls (24HR)] identified five studies that examined validity ( n = 5) and/or reproducibility ( n = 4). No gold standard reference method exists for validating DS use; thus, each study's investigators chose the reference instrument used to measure validity. Self-administered questionnaires agreed well with 24HR and inventory methods when comparing the prevalence of commonly used DSs. The inventory method captured nutrient amounts more accurately than the other methods. Reproducibility (over 3 months to 2.4 years) of prevalence of use estimates on the questionnaires was acceptable for common DSs. Given the limited body of research on measurement error in DS assessment, only tentative conclusions on these DS instruments can be drawn at present. Further research is critical to advancing knowledge in DS assessment for research and monitoring purposes.

Balzer, MJ, Hitchcock, JN, Hadwen, WL, Kobayashi, T, Westhorpe, DP, Boys, C & Mitrovic, SM 2023, 'Experimental additions of allochthonous dissolved organic matter reveal multiple trophic pathways to stimulate planktonic food webs', Freshwater Biology, vol. 68, no. 5, pp. 821-836.
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Abstract There is still considerable debate as to whether the allochthonous (terrestrial) dissolved organic matter (DOM) mobilised during large flow events plays an important role in supporting secondary production in riverine food webs. Understanding how food webs respond to large pulses of terrestrial DOM (tDOM) is important for conceptualising the relative importance of energy sources supporting food webs. A mesocosm experiment (1,000 L) using three concentrations of leachate (1, 4, 8 mg C/L and a control) made from floodplain DOM was run for 34 days in a dam filled with water from Gunbower Creek in Northern Victoria, Australia. Nutrients, phytoplankton, zooplankton and stable isotope (δ13C signatures) data were collected to examine how floodplain nutrients affected growth and community structure within the lower food web typical of an Australian lowland river. All leachate additions led to very high concentrations of zooplankton and mixotrophic algae compared to the control. Mixotrophs dominated the algal biovolume of all leachate additions until Day (D)20 and appeared to drive changes in δ13C signatures of particulate organic matter (POM) which were significantly related to changes in zooplankton δ13C signatures. tDOM additions did not significantly suppress obligate autotroph growth which also appeared important as a food source, as reflected in the δ13C signatures of zooplankton and POM after D10. These results show the ability of phytoplankton and zooplankton communities in lowland rivers to respond quickly to changes in resource availability and quality. Mixotrophs appeared to provide an important trophic link between allochthonous carbon and primary co...

Bani, SA, Patel, VK, Mehndiratta, S, Rajput, R, Kundu, RK, Singh, SK, Chellappan, DK, Kokkinis, S, De, RG, Collet, T, Paudel, KR, Hansbro, PM & Dua, K 2023, 'Dissecting the in vitro fate of plant-derived bioactive encapsulated nanoparticles in lung diseases', Food Bioscience, vol. 56, pp. 103205-103205.
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Bartels, N, Dilernia, NJ, Howlett, L & Camp, EF 2023, 'Stress event for “super corals” in Great Barrier Reef mangrove lagoon', Marine Biodiversity, vol. 53, no. 5.
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Bates, H, Zavafer, A, Szabó, M & Ralph, PJ 2023, 'The slow-phase of chlorophyll fluorescence induction curve reflects the electron transport rates of Photosystem II in vivo in Chlorella vulgaris', Journal of Applied Phycology, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 109-116.
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Becchi, S, Chieng, B, Bradfield, LA, Capellán, R, Leung, BK & Balleine, BW 2023, 'Cognitive effects of thalamostriatal degeneration are ameliorated by normalizing striatal cholinergic activity', Science Advances, vol. 9, no. 25.
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The loss of neurons in parafascicular thalamus (Pf) and their inputs to dorsomedial striatum (DMS) in Lewy body disease (LBD) and Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD) have been linked to the effects of neuroinflammation. We found that, in rats, these inputs were necessary for both the function of striatal cholinergic interneurons (CINs) and the flexible encoding of the action-outcome (AO) associations necessary for goal-directed action, producing a burst-pause pattern of CIN firing but only during the remapping elicited by a shift in AO contingency. Neuroinflammation in the Pf abolished these changes in CIN activity and goal-directed control after the shift in contingency. However, both effects were rescued by either the peripheral or the intra-DMS administration of selegiline, a monoamine oxidase B inhibitor that we found also enhances adenosine triphosphatase activity in CINs. These findings suggest a potential treatment for the cognitive deficits associated with neuroinflammation affecting the function of the Pf and related structures.

Becker, A, Lowry, MB, Fowler, AM & Taylor, MD 2023, 'Hydroacoustic surveys reveal the distribution of mid-water fish around two artificial reef designs in temperate Australia', Fisheries Research, vol. 257, pp. 106509-106509.
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Bey, E, Hughes, C, Hogg, K, Chance, R & Petrou, K 2023, 'Ocean acidification reduces iodide production by the marine diatom Chaetoceros sp. (CCMP 1690)', Marine Chemistry, vol. 257, pp. 104311-104311.
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Bhadauria, AS, Dhungana, HN, Verma, V, Woodcock, S & Rai, T 2023, 'Studying the efficacy of isolation as a control strategy and elimination of tuberculosis in India: A mathematical model', Infectious Disease Modelling, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 458-470.
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Bhaskaran, A & Wand, MP 2023, 'Dispersion parameter extension of precise generalized linear mixed model asymptotics', Statistics & Probability Letters, vol. 193, pp. 109691-109691.
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Billings, JL, Hilton, JBW, Liddell, JR, Hare, DJ & Crouch, PJ 2023, 'Fundamental Neurochemistry Review: Copper availability as a potential therapeutic target in progressive supranuclear palsy: Insight from other neurodegenerative diseases', Journal of Neurochemistry, vol. 167, no. 3, pp. 337-346.
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AbstractSince the first description of Parkinson's disease (PD) over two centuries ago, the recognition of rare types of atypical parkinsonism has introduced a spectrum of related PD‐like diseases. Among these is progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), a neurodegenerative condition that clinically differentiates through the presence of additional symptoms uncommon in PD. As with PD, the initial symptoms of PSP generally present in the sixth decade of life when the underpinning neurodegeneration is already significantly advanced. The causal trigger of neuronal cell loss in PSP is unknown and treatment options are consequently limited. However, converging lines of evidence from the distinct neurodegenerative conditions of PD and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are beginning to provide insights into potential commonalities in PSP pathology and opportunity for novel therapeutic intervention. These include accumulation of the high abundance cuproenzyme superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) in an aberrant copper‐deficient state, associated evidence for altered availability of the essential micronutrient copper, and evidence for neuroprotection using compounds that can deliver available copper to the central nervous system. Herein, we discuss the existing evidence for SOD1 pathology and copper imbalance in PSP and speculate that treatments able to provide neuroprotection through manipulation of copper availability could be applicable to the treatment of PSP.image

Boyton, I, Valenzuela, SM, Collins-Praino, LE & Care, A 2023, 'Neuronanomedicine for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease: Current progress and a guide to improve clinical translation', Brain, Behavior, and Immunity.
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Bradfield, LA, Becchi, S & Kendig, MD 2023, 'Striatal Acetylcholine and Dopamine Interactions Produce Situation-appropriate Action Selection', Current Neuropharmacology, vol. 21.
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Abstract: Individuals often learn how to perform new actions for particular outcomes against a complex background of existing action-outcome associations. As such, this new knowledge can interfere or even compete with existing knowledge, such that individuals must use internal and external cues to determine which action is appropriate to the current situation. The question thus remains as to how this problem is solved at a neural level. Research over the last decade or so has begun to determine how the brain achieves situation-appropriate action selection. Several converging lines of evidence suggest that it is achieved through the complex interactions of acetylcholine and dopamine within the striatum in a manner that relies on glutamatergic inputs from the cortex and thalamus. Here we briefly review this evidence, then relate it to several very recent findings to provide new, speculative insights regarding the precise nature of striatal acetylcholine/dopamine interaction dynamics and their relation to situation-appropriate action selection.

Brennan, LE, Kumawat, LK, Piatek, ME, Kinross, AJ, McNaughton, DA, Marchetti, L, Geraghty, C, Wynne, C, Tong, H, Kavanagh, ON, O’Sullivan, F, Hawes, CS, Gale, PA, Kavanagh, K & Elmes, RBP 2023, 'Potent antimicrobial effect induced by disruption of chloride homeostasis', Chem, vol. 9, no. 11, pp. 3138-3158.
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Brito, BP, Frost, MJ, Anantanawat, K, Jaya, F, Batterham, T, Djordjevic, SP, Chang, W-S, Holmes, EC, Darling, AE & Kirkland, PD 2023, 'Expanding the range of the respiratory infectome in Australian feedlot cattle with and without respiratory disease using metatranscriptomics.', Microbiome, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 158.
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BACKGROUND: Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the most common diseases in intensively managed cattle, often resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Although several pathogens have been isolated and extensively studied, the complete infectome of the respiratory complex consists of a more extensive range unrecognised species. Here, we used total RNA sequencing (i.e., metatranscriptomics) of nasal and nasopharyngeal swabs collected from animals with and without BRD from two cattle feedlots in Australia. RESULTS: A high abundance of bovine nidovirus, influenza D, bovine rhinitis A and bovine coronavirus was found in the samples. Additionally, we obtained the complete or near-complete genome of bovine rhinitis B, enterovirus E1, bovine viral diarrhea virus (sub-genotypes 1a and 1c) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus, and partial sequences of other viruses. A new species of paramyxovirus was also identified. Overall, the most abundant RNA virus, was the bovine nidovirus. Characterisation of bacterial species from the transcriptome revealed a high abundance and diversity of Mollicutes in BRD cases and unaffected control animals. Of the non-Mollicutes species, Histophilus somni was detected, whereas there was a low abundance of Mannheimia haemolytica. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the use of untargeted sequencing approaches to study the unrecognised range of microorganisms present in healthy or diseased animals and the need to study previously uncultured viral species that may have an important role in cattle respiratory disease. Video Abstract.

Brockbals, L, Garrett-Rickman, S, Fu, S, Ueland, M, McNevin, D & Padula, MP 2023, 'Estimating the time of human decomposition based on skeletal muscle biopsy samples utilizing an untargeted LC–MS/MS-based proteomics approach', Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, vol. 415, no. 22, pp. 5487-5498.
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AbstractAccurate estimation of the postmortem interval (PMI) is crucial in forensic medico-legal investigations to understand case circumstances (e.g. narrowing down list of missing persons or include/exclude suspects). Due to the complex decomposition chemistry, estimation of PMI remains challenging and currently often relies on the subjective visual assessment of gross morphological/taphonomic changes of a body during decomposition or entomological data. The aim of the current study was to investigate the human decomposition process up to 3 months after death and propose novel time-dependent biomarkers (peptide ratios) for the estimation of decomposition time. An untargeted liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry–based bottom-up proteomics workflow (ion mobility separated) was utilized to analyse skeletal muscle, collected repeatedly from nine body donors decomposing in an open eucalypt woodland environment in Australia. Additionally, general analytical considerations for large-scale proteomics studies for PMI determination are raised and discussed. Multiple peptide ratios (human origin) were successfully proposed (subgroups < 200 accumulated degree days (ADD), < 655 ADD and < 1535 ADD) as a first step towards generalised, objective biochemical estimation of decomposition time. Furthermore, peptide ratios for donor-specific intrinsic factors (sex and body mass) were found. Search of peptide data against a bacterial database did not yield any results most likely due to the low abundance of bacterial proteins within the collected human biopsy samples. For comprehensive time-dependent modelling, increased donor number would be necessary along with targeted confirmation of proposed peptides. Overall, the presented results provide valuable information that aid in the understanding and estimation of the human decomposition processes. Graphical Abstract

Brown, A, Lamb, E, Deo, A, Pasin, D, Liu, T, Zhang, W, Su, S & Ueland, M 2023, 'The use of novel electronic nose technology to locate missing persons for criminal investigations', iScience, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 106353-106353.
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Brown, AO, Frankham, GJ, Stuart, BH & Ueland, M 2023, 'Assessing the impact of habitat and captivity status on volatilome profiles of the illegally traded shingleback, Tiliqua rugosa', Forensic Science International: Animals and Environments, vol. 4, pp. 100071-100071.
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Brown, AO, Green, PJ, Frankham, GJ, Stuart, BH & Ueland, M 2023, 'Insights into the Effects of Violating Statistical Assumptions for Dimensionality Reduction for Chemical “-omics” Data with Multiple Explanatory Variables', ACS Omega, vol. 8, no. 24, pp. 22042-22054.
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Bubathi, V, Leslie, L, Speer, M, Hartigan, J, Wang, J & Gupta, A 2023, 'Impact of Accelerated Climate Change on Maximum Temperature Differences between Western and Coastal Sydney', Climate, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 76-76.
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The aims of this study are to assess the impacts of accelerated climate change on summer maximum temperatures since the early 1990s in the Australian city of Sydney’s eastern coastal and western inland suburbs. Western Sydney currently experiences far more intense summer (December–March) heat waves than coastal Sydney, with maximum temperatures exceeding those of coastal Sydney by up to 10 °C. Aside from increased bushfire danger, extreme temperature days pose health and socio-economic threats to western Sydney. Permutation tests of consecutive summer periods, 1962–1991 and 1992–2021, are employed to determine the differential climate change impacts on maximum summer temperatures at two locations: Sydney and Richmond, representative of eastern and western Sydney, respectively. Attribution of observed maximum summer temperature trends in Sydney and Richmond was performed using machine learning techniques applied to known Australian region oceanic and atmospheric climate drivers. It was found that there is a marked disparity in the percentage of summer days above the 95th percentile during the accelerated climate change period (1992–2021) between Richmond (+35%) and Sydney (−24%), relative to 1962–1991. The climate drivers detected as attributes were similar in both Sydney and Richmond, but, unsurprisingly, Sydney was more affected than Richmond by the oceanic climate drivers.

Buckley, T, Karanam, K, Han, H, Vo, HNP, Shukla, P, Firouzi, M & Rudolph, V 2023, 'Effect of different co-foaming agents on PFAS removal from the environment by foam fractionation', Water Research, vol. 230, pp. 119532-119532.
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Buckley, T, Vuong, T, Karanam, K, Vo, PHN, Shukla, P, Firouzi, M & Rudolph, V 2023, 'Using foam fractionation to estimate PFAS air-water interface adsorption behaviour at ng/L and µg/L concentrations', Water Research, vol. 239, pp. 120028-120028.
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Budden, KF, Gellatly, SL, Vaughan, A, Amorim, N, Horvat, JC, Hansbro, NG, Wood, DLA, Hugenholtz, P, Dennis, PG, Wark, PAB & Hansbro, PM 2023, 'Probiotic Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum Protects against Cigarette Smoke-Induced Inflammation in Mice.', Int J Mol Sci, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 252-252.
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Bifidobacterium are prominent gut commensals that produce the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) acetate, and they are often used as probiotics. Connections between the gut and the lung, termed the gut-lung axis, are regulated by the microbiome. The gut-lung axis is increasingly implicated in cigarette smoke-induced diseases, and cigarette smoke exposure has been associated with depletion of Bifidobacterium species. In this study, we assessed the impact of acetate-producing Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum (WT) and a mutant strain with an impaired acetate production capacity (MUT) on cigarette smoke-induced inflammation. The mice were treated with WT or MUT B. longum subsp. longum and exposed to cigarette smoke for 8 weeks before assessments of lung inflammation, lung tissue gene expression and cecal SCFAs were performed. Both strains of B. longum subsp. longum reduced lung inflammation, inflammatory cytokine expression and adhesion factor expression and alleviated cigarette smoke-induced depletion in caecum butyrate. Thus, the probiotic administration of B. longum subsp. longum, irrespective of its acetate-producing capacity, alleviated cigarette smoke-induced inflammation and the depletion of cecal butyrate levels.

Burke, C & Conway, Y 2023, 'Factors that influence hospital nurses’ escalation of patient care in response to their early warning score: A qualitative evidence synthesis', Journal of Clinical Nursing, vol. 32, no. 9-10, pp. 1885-1934.
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AbstractBackgroundThe Early Warning Score (EWS) is a validated tool that has improved patient outcomes internationally. This scoring system is used within the hospital setting to identify potentially deteriorating patients, thus expediting referral to appropriate medical personnel. It is increasingly recognised that there are other influencing factors along with EWS, which impact on nurses’ decisions to escalate care.AimThe aim of this review was to identify and synthesise data from qualitative studies, which examined factors influencing nurses’ escalation of care in response to patients’ EWS.MethodsThe systematic search strategy and eligibility criteria were guided by the SPIDER (Sample Phenomenon of Interest Design Evaluation Type of Research) framework. Eleven databases and five grey literature databases were searched. Titles and abstracts were independently screened in line with pre‐established inclusion and exclusion criteria using the cloud‐based platform, Rayyan. The selected studies underwent quality appraisal using CASP (Critical Appraisal Skills Programme, 2017, https://www.casp‐uk.net/casp‐toolschecklists) and subsequently synthesised using Thomas and Harden's thematic analysis approach. GRADE–CERQual (Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation–Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research) was used to assess confidence in results. The EQUATOR listed guideline ENTREQ (Tong et al., 2012, BMC Medical Research Methodology, 12) was used to synthesise and report findings.ResultsEighteen studies from seven countries including 235 nurses ...

Butterworth, NJ, Benbow, ME & Barton, PS 2023, 'The ephemeral resource patch concept', Biological Reviews, vol. 98, no. 3, pp. 697-726.
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ABSTRACTEphemeral resource patches (ERPs) – short lived resources including dung, carrion, temporary pools, rotting vegetation, decaying wood, and fungi – are found throughout every ecosystem. Their short‐lived dynamics greatly enhance ecosystem heterogeneity and have shaped the evolutionary trajectories of a wide range of organisms – from bacteria to insects and amphibians. Despite this, there has been no attempt to distinguish ERPs clearly from other resource types, to identify their shared spatiotemporal characteristics, or to articulate their broad ecological and evolutionary influences on biotic communities. Here, we define ERPs as any distinct consumable resources which (i) are homogeneous (genetically, chemically, or structurally) relative to the surrounding matrix, (ii) host a discrete multitrophic community consisting of species that cannot replicate solely in any of the surrounding matrix, and (iii) cannot maintain a balance between depletion and renewal, which in turn, prevents multiple generations of consumers/users or reaching a community equilibrium. We outline the wide range of ERPs that fit these criteria, propose 12 spatiotemporal characteristics along which ERPs can vary, and synthesise a large body of literature that relates ERP dynamics to ecological and evolutionary theory. We draw this knowledge together and present a new unifying conceptual framework that incorporates how ERPs have shaped the adaptive trajectories of organisms, the structure of ecosystems, and how they can be integrated into biodiversity management and conservation. Future research should focus on how inter‐ and intra‐resource variation occurs in nature – with a particular focus on resource × environment × genotype interactions. This will likely reveal novel adaptive strategies, aid the development of new eco‐evolutionary theory, and greatly improve our understa...

Butterworth, NJ, Wallman, JF, Johnston, NP, Dawson, BM, Sharp-Heward, J & McGaughran, A 2023, 'The blowfly Chrysomya latifrons inhabits fragmented rainforests, but shows no population structure', Oecologia, vol. 201, no. 3, pp. 703-719.
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AbstractClimate change and deforestation are causing rainforests to become increasingly fragmented, placing them at heightened risk of biodiversity loss. Invertebrates constitute the greatest proportion of this biodiversity, yet we lack basic knowledge of their population structure and ecology. There is a compelling need to develop our understanding of the population dynamics of a wide range of rainforest invertebrates so that we can begin to understand how rainforest fragments are connected, and how they will cope with future habitat fragmentation and climate change. Blowflies are an ideal candidate for such research because they are widespread, abundant, and can be easily collected within rainforests. We genotyped 188 blowflies (Chrysomya latifrons) from 15 isolated rainforests and found high levels of gene flow, a lack of genetic structure between rainforests, and low genetic diversity – suggesting the presence of a single large genetically depauperate population. This highlights that: (1) the blowfly Ch. latifrons inhabits a ~ 1000 km stretch of Australian rainforests, where it plays an important role as a nutrient recycler; (2) strongly dispersing flies can migrate between and connect isolated rainforests, likely carrying pollen, parasites, phoronts, and pathogens along with them; and (3) widely dispersing and abundant insects can nevertheless be genetically depauperate. There is an urgent need to better understand the relationships between habitat fragmentation, genetic diversity, and adaptive potential–especially for poorly dispersing rainforest-restricted insects, as many of these may be particularly fragmented and at highest risk of local extinction.

Bylinkin, A, Calavalle, F, Barra-Burillo, M, Kirtaev, RV, Nikulina, E, Modin, E, Janzen, E, Edgar, JH, Casanova, F, Hueso, LE, Volkov, VS, Vavassori, P, Aharonovich, I, Alonso-Gonzalez, P, Hillenbrand, R & Nikitin, AY 2023, 'Dual-Band Coupling of Phonon and Surface Plasmon Polaritons with Vibrational and Electronic Excitations in Molecules', Nano Letters, vol. 23, no. 9, pp. 3985-3993.
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Cain, AK & Hamidian, M 2023, 'Portrait of a killer: Uncovering resistance mechanisms and global spread of Acinetobacter baumannii.', PLoS Pathog, vol. 19, no. 8, pp. e1011520-e1011520.
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Antibiotic resistance is a growing global concern in the field of medicine as it renders bacterial infections difficult to treat and often more severe. Acinetobacter baumannii is a gram-negative bacterial pathogen causing a wide range of infections, including pneumonia, sepsis, urinary tract infections, and wound infections. A. baumannii has emerged as a significant healthcare-associated pathogen due to its high level of antibiotic resistance. The global spread of antibiotic-resistant strains of A. baumannii has resulted in limited treatment options, leading to increased morbidity and mortality rates, especially in vulnerable populations such as the elderly and immunocompromised individuals, as well as longer hospital stays and higher healthcare costs. Further complicating the situation, multi- and pan-drug-resistant strains of A. baumannii are becoming increasingly common, and these deadly strains are resistant to all or almost all available antibiotics. A. baumannii employs various clever strategies to develop antibiotic resistance, including horizontal transfer of resistance genes, overexpression of inherent efflux pumps that remove drugs from the cell, intrinsic mutations, combined with natural selection under antibiotic selective pressure leading to emergence of successful resistance clones. The typical multidrug resistance phenotype of A. baumannii is, therefore, an orchestrated collimation of all these mechanisms combined with the worldwide spread of 'global clones,' rendering infections caused by this pathogen challenging to control and treat. To address the escalating problem of antibiotic resistance in A. baumannii, there is a need for increased surveillance, strict infection control measures, and the development of new treatment strategies, requiring a concerted effort by healthcare professionals, researchers, and policymakers.

Calders, K, Brede, B, Newnham, G, Culvenor, D, Armston, J, Bartholomeus, H, Griebel, A, Hayward, J, Junttila, S, Lau, A, Levick, S, Morrone, R, Origo, N, Pfeifer, M, Verbesselt, J & Herold, M 2023, 'StrucNet: a global network for automated vegetation structure monitoring', Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 587-598.
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AbstractClimate change and increasing human activities are impacting ecosystems and their biodiversity. Quantitative measurements of essential biodiversity variables (EBV) and essential climate variables are used to monitor biodiversity and carbon dynamics and evaluate policy and management interventions. Ecosystem structure is at the core of EBVs and carbon stock estimation and can help to inform assessments of species and species diversity. Ecosystem structure is also used as an indirect indicator of habitat quality and expected species richness or species community composition. Spaceborne measurements can provide large‐scale insight into monitoring the structural dynamics of ecosystems, but they generally lack consistent, robust, timely and detailed information regarding their full three‐dimensional vegetation structure at local scales. Here we demonstrate the potential of high‐frequency ground‐based laser scanning to systematically monitor structural changes in vegetation. We present a proof‐of‐concept high‐temporal ecosystem structure time series of 5 years in a temperate forest using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). We also present data from automated high‐temporal laser scanning that can allow upscaling of vegetation structure scanning, overcoming the limitations of a typically opportunistic TLS measurement approach. Automated monitoring will be a critical component to build a network of field monitoring sites that can provide the required calibration data for satellite missions to effectively monitor the structural dynamics of vegetation over large areas. Within this perspective, we reflect on how this network could be designed and discuss implementation pathways.

Cannon, SE, Donner, SD, Liu, A, González Espinosa, PC, Baird, AH, Baum, JK, Bauman, AG, Beger, M, Benkwitt, CE, Birt, MJ, Chancerelle, Y, Cinner, JE, Crane, NL, Denis, V, Depczynski, M, Fadli, N, Fenner, D, Fulton, CJ, Golbuu, Y, Graham, NAJ, Guest, J, Harrison, HB, Hobbs, JA, Hoey, AS, Holmes, TH, Houk, P, Januchowski‐Hartley, FA, Jompa, J, Kuo, C, Limmon, GV, Lin, YV, McClanahan, TR, Muenzel, D, Paddack, MJ, Planes, S, Pratchett, MS, Radford, B, Reimer, JD, Richards, ZT, Ross, CL, Rulmal, J, Sommer, B, Williams, GJ & Wilson, SK 2023, 'Macroalgae exhibit diverse responses to human disturbances on coral reefs', Global Change Biology, vol. 29, no. 12, pp. 3318-3330.
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AbstractScientists and managers rely on indicator taxa such as coral and macroalgal cover to evaluate the effects of human disturbance on coral reefs, often assuming a universally positive relationship between local human disturbance and macroalgae. Despite evidence that macroalgae respond to local stressors in diverse ways, there have been few efforts to evaluate relationships between specific macroalgae taxa and local human‐driven disturbance. Using genus‐level monitoring data from 1205 sites in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, we assess whether macroalgae percent cover correlates with local human disturbance while accounting for factors that could obscure or confound relationships. Assessing macroalgae at genus level revealed that no genera were positively correlated with all human disturbance metrics. Instead, we found relationships between the division or genera of algae and specific human disturbances that were not detectable when pooling taxa into a single functional category, which is common to many analyses. The convention to use percent cover of macroalgae as an indication of local human disturbance therefore likely obscures signatures of local anthropogenic threats to reefs. Our limited understanding of relationships between human disturbance, macroalgae taxa, and their responses to human disturbances impedes the ability to diagnose and respond appropriately to these threats.

Cant, J, Reimer, JD, Sommer, B, Cook, KM, Kim, SW, Sims, CA, Mezaki, T, O'Flaherty, C, Brooks, M, Malcolm, HA, Pandolfi, JM, Salguero‐Gómez, R & Beger, M 2023, 'Coral assemblages at higher latitudes favor short‐term potential over long‐term performance', Ecology, vol. 104, no. 9.
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AbstractThe persistent exposure of coral assemblages to more variable abiotic regimes is assumed to augment their resilience to future climatic variability. Yet, while the determinants of coral population resilience across species remain unknown, we are unable to predict the winners and losers across reef ecosystems exposed to increasingly variable conditions. Using annual surveys of 3171 coral individuals across Australia and Japan (2016–2019), we explore spatial variation across the short‐ and long‐term dynamics of competitive, stress‐tolerant, and weedy assemblages to evaluate how abiotic variability mediates the structural composition of coral assemblages. We illustrate how, by promoting short‐term potential over long‐term performance, coral assemblages can reduce their vulnerability to stochastic environments. However, compared to stress‐tolerant, and weedy assemblages, competitive coral taxa display a reduced capacity for elevating their short‐term potential. Accordingly, future climatic shifts threaten the structural complexity of coral assemblages in variable environments, emulating the degradation expected across global tropical reefs.

Carter, DJ, Byrne, MK, Djordjevic, SP, Robertson, H, Labbate, M, Morgan, BS & Billington, L 2023, 'Personal Data for Public Benefit: The Regulatory Determinants of Social Licence for Technologically Enhanced Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance.', J Law Med, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 179-190.
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Technologically enhanced surveillance systems have been proposed for the task of monitoring and responding to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in both human, animal and environmental contexts. The use of these systems is in their infancy, although the advent of COVID-19 has progressed similar technologies in response to that pandemic. We conducted qualitative research to identify the Australian public's key concerns about the ethical, legal and social implications of an artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning-enhanced One Health AMR surveillance system. Our study provides preliminary evidence of public support for AI/machine learning-enhanced One Health monitoring systems for AMR, provided that three main conditions are met: personal health care data must be deidentified; data use and access must be tightly regulated under strong governance; and the system must generate high-quality, reliable analyses to guide trusted health care decision-makers.

Chakraborty, A, Paudel, KR, Wang, C, De, RG, Chellappan, DK, Hansbro, P, Samuel, CS & Dua, K 2023, 'Anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of berberine-loaded liquid crystalline nanoparticles', EXCLI Journal : Experimental and Clinical Sciences, vol. 22, pp. 1104-1108.
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Champion, C, Lawson, JR, Pardoe, J, Cruz, DO, Fowler, AM, Jaine, F, Schilling, HT & Coleman, MA 2023, 'Multi-criteria analysis for rapid vulnerability assessment of marine species to climate change', Climatic Change, vol. 176, no. 8.
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AbstractThe accelerating pace of climate-induced stress to global ecosystems threatens the sustainable management and conservation of biodiversity. To effectively respond, researchers and managers require rapid vulnerability assessment tools that can be readily implemented using diverse and existing knowledge sources. Here we demonstrate the application of multi-criteria analysis (MCA) for this purpose using a group of coastal-pelagic fishes from south-eastern Australia as a case-study. We show that MCA has the capacity to formally structure diverse knowledge sources, ranging from peer-reviewed information (which informed 29.2% of criteria among models) to expert knowledge (which informed 22.6% of criteria among models), to quantify the sensitivity of species to biophysical conditions. By integrating MCA models with spatial climate data over historical and future periods, we demonstrate the application of MCA for rapidly assessing the vulnerability of marine species to climate change. Spatial analyses revealed an apparent trend among case-study species towards increasing or stable vulnerability to projected climate change throughout the northern (i.e. equatorward) extent of the study domain and the emergence of climate refugia throughout southern (i.e. poleward) regions. Results from projections using the MCA method were consistent with past analyses of the redistribution of suitable habitat for coastal-pelagic fishes off eastern Australia under climate change. By demonstrating the value of MCA for rapidly assessing the vulnerability of marine species to climate change, we highlight the opportunity to develop user-friendly software infrastructures integrated with marine climate projection data to support the interdisciplinary application of this method.

Chan, Y, Raju, AVSR, Paudel, KR, Singh, SK, Gulati, M, Dhanasekaran, M, Gupta, PK, Jha, NK, Devkota, HP, Gupta, G, Hansbro, PM, Oliver, BGG, Chellappan, DK & Dua, K 2023, 'Nutraceuticals: unlocking newer paradigms in the mitigation of inflammatory lung diseases', Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, vol. 63, no. 19, pp. 1-31.
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Chau, K, Fleck, R, Irga, PJ, Torpy, FR, Wilkinson, SJ & Castel, A 2023, 'Hempcrete as a substrate for fungal growth under high humidity and variable temperature conditions', Construction and Building Materials, vol. 398, pp. 132373-132373.
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Bio-based alternatives for existing construction materials can be used to reduce the carbon footprint of the built environment. Hempcrete is one of these materials and is both an excellent hygric/thermal regulator and is carbon negative. However, this novel material is still incompletely researched, especially its fungal growth potential specifically within warm and humid environments. The incorporation of significant biological material within hempcrete can enable it to act as a microbial growth medium, with the corresponding potential for the release of bioaerosols. The aim of this research was thus to investigate the overall practicality of hempcrete implementation in a humid climate. To achieve this, the endogenous fungal genera on a sample of hempcrete were identified, fungal propagules aerosolized from a hempcrete sample enumerated, and a range of temperatures tested to determine their effect on fungi growth determined. Trials were performed to determine whether hempcrete can be effectively decontaminated with common materials to manage microbial growth. Under high humidity, fungal propagule emissions were high with low diversity, with potentially allergenic fungi detected. Disinfection of high fungal load hempcrete samples was able to reduce ∼94% of the fungal observations and reduce aerosolized counts to average background tropical fungal counts. The range of temperatures tested were not found to effect fungal growth, contrary to the consensus of the literature. Overall, these properties make hempcrete suited to humid areas, however, further research to investigate the potential effects of fungi on the material remains lacking.

Chen, H, Kimyon, O, Chen, R, Gunawan, C, Ramandi, HL, Canbulat, I & Saydam, S 2023, 'The effectiveness of epoxy coating for preventing microbially induced corrosion of rock bolts', IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, vol. 1124, no. 1, pp. 012097-012097.
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Abstract In the past two decades, the corrosion failures of rock reinforcement bolts in underground coal mines have been increasingly reported. Preliminary studies have shown that these failures were predominantly related to pitting and stress corrosion cracking. The analyses in affected mines indicated microbially induced corrosion (MIC) as one of the primary corrosion causes. As such, there is an urgent demand from industries to develop methods to mitigate MIC-associated failures of rock bolts in underground coal mines. This study examined epoxy coating to determine its effectiveness in preventing biofilm formation on steel surfaces and, in turn, averting MIC. The corrosion-causing bacteria were isolated and enriched from groundwater samples collected from the affected mine sites. Coated and uncoated rock bolt samples were prepared from the bolts and incubated in media in the absence and presence of the corrosion-causing bacteria. Fluorescence microscopy imaging found no evidence of bacterial biomass growth on the surface of the epoxy-coated steel surfaces after 30 days, while the non-coated surfaces were colonised by biomass. The observations suggest the potential of epoxy coating for bolt MIC prevention. Future studies to assess the applicability of epoxy coating in the underground mine environment are recommended.

Chen, Y, Gale, A, Yamamura, K, Horder, J, Condos, A, Watanabe, K, Taniguchi, T, Toth, M & Aharonovich, I 2023, 'Annealing of blue quantum emitters in carbon-doped hexagonal boron nitride', Applied Physics Letters, vol. 123, no. 4.
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Reliable methods to create quantum emitters in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) are highly sought after for scalable applications in quantum photonic devices. Specifically, recent efforts have focused on defects in hBN with a zero phonon line at 2.8 eV (436 nm). Here, we employ carbon-doped hBN crystals that were irradiated by an electron beam to generate these emitters and perform annealing treatments to investigate the stability of the emitters. We find that the blue emitters are stable up to ∼800 °C. However, upon annealing to 1000 °C, the emitters disappear, and a family of other emitters appears in the region of hBN that had been irradiated by an electron beam. Our findings contribute to the understanding of emitter species and emitter formation in hBN.

Chen, Y, Li, C, Yang, T, Ekimov, EA, Bradac, C, Ha, ST, Toth, M, Aharonovich, I & Tran, TT 2023, 'Real-Time Ratiometric Optical Nanoscale Thermometry', ACS Nano, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 2725-2736.
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Chen, Y, White, S, Ekimov, EA, Bradac, C, Toth, M, Aharonovich, I & Tran, TT 2023, 'Ultralow-Power Cryogenic Thermometry Based on Optical-Transition Broadening of a Two-Level System in Diamond', ACS Photonics, vol. 10, no. 8, pp. 2481-2487.
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Cryogenic temperatures are the prerequisite for many advanced scientific applications and technologies. The accurate determination of temperature in this range and at the submicrometer scale is, however, nontrivial. This is due to the fact that temperature reading in cryogenic conditions can be inaccurate due to optically induced heating. Here, we present an ultralow-power, optical thermometry technique that operates at cryogenic temperatures. The technique exploits the temperature-dependent linewidth broadening measured by resonant photoluminescence of a two-level system: a germanium-vacancy color center in a nanodiamond host. The proposed technique achieves a relative sensitivity of ∼20% K-1, at 5 K. This is higher than any other all-optical nanothermometry method. Additionally, it achieves such sensitivities while employing excitation powers of just a few tens of nanowatts, several orders of magnitude lower than other traditional optical thermometry protocols. To showcase the performance of the method, we demonstrate its ability to accurately read out local differences in temperatures at various target locations of a custom-made microcircuit. Our work is a step toward the advancement of nanoscale optical thermometry at cryogenic temperatures.

Chhor, M, Law, W, Pavlovic, M, Aksentijevic, D, McGrath, K & McClements, L 2023, 'Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers reflective of cardiac remodelling in diabetes mellitus: A scoping review', Diabetic Medicine, vol. 40, no. 5.
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AbstractAimsThe aim of this scoping review is to evaluate the current biomarkers used in the assessment of adverse cardiac remodelling in people with diabetes mellitus (DM) and in the diagnosis and prognosis of subsequent cardiovascular disease. We aim to discuss the biomarkers' pathophysiological roles as a reflection of the cardiac remodelling mechanisms in the presence of DM.MethodsWe performed the literature search to include studies from 2003 to 2021 using the following databases: MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane library. Articles that met our inclusion criteria were screened and appraised before being included in this review. The PRISMA guidelines for Scoping Reviews were followed.ResultsOur literature search identified a total of 43 eligible articles, which were included in this scoping review. We identified 15 different biomarkers, each described by at least two studies, that were used to determine signs of cardiac remodelling in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and people with DM. NT‐proBNP was identified as the most frequently employed biomarker in this context; however, we also identified emerging biomarkers including hs‐CRP, hs‐cTnT, and Galectin‐3.ConclusionThere is a complex relationship between DM and cardiovascular health, where more research is needed. Current biomarkers reflective of adverse cardiac remodelling in DM are often used to diagnose other CVDs, such as NT‐proBNP for heart failure. Hence there is a need for identification of specific biomarkers that can detect early signs of cardiac remodelling in the presence of DM. Further research into these biomarkers and mechanisms can deepen our understanding of their role in DM‐associated CVD and lead to better preventative th...

Clain, C, Stewart, J, Fowler, A & Diamond, S 2023, 'Reproductive biology of largehead hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus) in south-eastern Australia', Aquaculture and Fisheries, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 148-158.
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Knowledge of reproductive biology and life-history traits of populations exploited by fisheries is important for their sustainable management. We investigated the life-history traits of Trichiurus lepturus (largehead hairtail) in south-eastern Australia; a region of low exploitation for this otherwise heavily exploited circumglobal species, to investigate whether there were differences in the reproductive biology and life-history traits in the south-east Australian population compared with those in other regions. We also used histological sections to examine male and female gonads at a microscopic level. Trichiurus lepturus in south-eastern Australia had a greater maximum length (193 cm total length (TL)), matured at a larger length (108 cm TL at 50% mature) and had a spawning period (March to September, Austral winter) that was inconsistent with other regions. The overall sex ratio of 1:0.4 females: males was consistent with a female dominant sex ratio observed in other regions, particularly in larger length classes. However, females in the current study dominated samples from both estuarine and coastal habitats, as well as during the spawning and non-spawning periods, which is not consistent with the patterns found in other regions. Differences in south-eastern Australia may relate to limited fishing pressure, genetic variation, or differences in environmental factors that influence reproductive development, including temperature, trophic resources and habitat.

Clarke, RJ, Lev, B, Chennath, M, Allen, TW, Cranfield, CG, Blayney, E-L & Cornelius, F 2023, 'Involvement of alpha-subunit N-termini in the mechanism and regulation of the Na+,K+- and H+,K+-ATPases', Biophysical Journal, vol. 122, no. 3, pp. 529a-529a.
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Clover Ree, L, Chadwick, S & Moret, S 2023, 'Comparison of carbon and iron oxide based powder suspension formulations', Forensic Science International, vol. 347, pp. 111685-111685.
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Collins, S, Maestrini, L, Hui, FKC, Stuart, B & Ueland, M 2023, 'The use of generalized linear mixed models to investigate postmortem lipids in textiles', iScience, vol. 26, no. 8, pp. 107371-107371.
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Cooney, C, Sommer, B, Marzinelli, EM & Figueira, WF 2023, 'The role of microbial biofilms in range shifts of marine habitat-forming organisms', Trends in Microbiology.
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Cooper, GE, Mayall, J, Donovan, C, Haw, TJ, Budden, KF, Hansbro, NG, Blomme, EE, Maes, T, Kong, CW, Horvat, JC, Khakoo, SI, Wilkinson, TMA, Hansbro, PM & Staples, KJ 2023, 'Antiviral Responses of Tissue-resident CD49a Lung Natural KillerCells Are Dysregulated in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease', Am J Respir Crit Care Med, vol. 207, no. 5, pp. 553-565.
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RATIONALE: Tissue-resident natural killer cells have been identified in numerous organs, but little is known about their functional contribution to respiratory immunity, in particular during chronic lung diseases such as COPD. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the phenotype and antiviral responses of trNK cells in murine cigarette smoke-induced experimental COPD and in human lung parenchyma from COPD donors. METHODS: Mice were exposed to cigarette smoke for 10 weeks to induce COPD-like lung disease. Lung tissue resident NK cell phenotypes and function were analysed by flow cytometry in both murine and human disease with and without challenge with influenza A virus. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: In the mouse lung CD49a+CD49b+EOMES+ and CD49a+CD49b-EOMESlo NK cell populations had a distinct phenotype compared with CD49a- circulating NK cells. CD49a+ NK cells were more extensively altered earlier in disease onset than circulating NK cells and increased proportions of CD49a+ NK cells correlated with worsening disease in both murine and human COPD. Furthermore, the presence of lung disease delayed both circulating and tissue-resident NK cell functional responses to influenza infection. CD49a+ NK cells markedly increased their NKG2D, CD103 and CD69 expression in experimental COPD following influenza infection, and human CD49a+ NK cells were hyperactive to ex vivo influenza infection in COPD donors. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, these results demonstrate that tissue-resident NK cell function is altered in cigarette smoke-induced disease and suggests that smoke exposure may aberrantly prime tissue-resident NK cell responsiveness to viral infection. This may contribute to excess inflammation during viral exacerbations of COPD.

Courtney Jones, SK, Geange, SR, Hanea, A, Camac, J, Hemming, V, Doobov, B, Leigh, A & Nicotra, AB 2023, 'IDEAcology: An interface to streamline and facilitate efficient, rigorous expert elicitation in ecology', Methods in Ecology and Evolution, vol. 14, no. 8, pp. 2019-2028.
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Abstract Here, we demonstrate how IDEAcology aids in preparing for and implementing a structured expert elicitation using the IDEA protocol, an iterative quantitative expert elicitation framework. Expert judgement is used to inform decision‐making on environmental assessment and management when imminent decisions are required, and quantitative data are absent or uninformative. Structured elicitation protocols can help improve the final judgements derived from experts, but they can also be administratively heavy and time‐consuming, requiring manual collation of experts' estimates and rationales, construction and dissemination of summary plots for discussion and collating final estimates post‐discussion. These challenges highlight the need for a centralised portal that enables synchronous access by all contributors, real‐time structured facilitation of discussion, whether in person or online, and streamlined data management. To meet this need, we developed the IDEAcology interface (www.ideacology.com) to support data collation, summary, interactions and ultimately the deployment of structured expert elicitation using the IDEA protocol. The IDEAcology interface is designed to be a central portal for scientists and practitioners to easily implement structured expert elicitation projects, while also facilitating data management by providing a reliable and efficient way for elicitation managers to design and run an elicitation, and for experts to input, visualise and cross‐examine estimates. The key advantages that IDEAcology provides include an easy‐to‐use interface with synchronous access to a single platform, reducing logistic difficu...

Cowan, AE, Jun, S, Tooze, JA, Dodd, KW, Gahche, JJ, Eicher-Miller, HA, Guenther, PM, Dwyer, JT, Potischman, N, Bhadra, A, Carroll, RJ & Bailey, RL 2023, 'A narrative review of nutrient based indexes to assess diet quality and the proposed total nutrient index that reflects total dietary exposures', Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, vol. 63, no. 12, pp. 1722-1732.
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A priori dietary indices provide a standardized, reproducible way to evaluate adherence to dietary recommendations across different populations. Existing nutrient-based indices were developed to reflect food/beverage intake; however, given the high prevalence of dietary supplement (DS) use and its potentially large contribution to nutrient intakes for those that use them, exposure classification without accounting for DS is incomplete. The purpose of this article is to review existing nutrient-based indices and describe the development of the Total Nutrient Index (TNI), an index developed to capture usual intakes from all sources of under-consumed micronutrients among the U.S. population. The TNI assesses U.S. adults' total nutrient intakes relative to recommended nutrient standards for eight under-consumed micronutrients identified by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans: calcium, magnesium, potassium, choline, and vitamins A, C, D, E. The TNI is scored from 0 to 100 (truncated at 100). The mean TNI score of U.S. adults (≥19 y; n = 9,954) based on dietary data from NHANES 2011-2014, was 75.4; the mean score for the index ignoring DS contributions was only 69.0 (t-test; p < 0.001). The TNI extends existing measures of diet quality by including nutrient intakes from all sources and was developed for research, monitoring, and policy purposes.

Cui, G, Konciute, MK, Ling, L, Esau, L, Raina, J-B, Han, B, Salazar, OR, Presnell, JS, Rädecker, N, Zhong, H, Menzies, J, Cleves, PA, Liew, YJ, Krediet, CJ, Sawiccy, V, Cziesielski, MJ, Guagliardo, P, Bougoure, J, Pernice, M, Hirt, H, Voolstra, CR, Weis, VM, Pringle, JR & Aranda, M 2023, 'Molecular insights into the Darwin paradox of coral reefs from the sea anemone Aiptasia', Science Advances, vol. 9, no. 11.
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Symbiotic cnidarians such as corals and anemones form highly productive and biodiverse coral reef ecosystems in nutrient-poor ocean environments, a phenomenon known as Darwin’s paradox. Resolving this paradox requires elucidating the molecular bases of efficient nutrient distribution and recycling in the cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis. Using the sea anemone Aiptasia, we show that during symbiosis, the increased availability of glucose and the presence of the algae jointly induce the coordinated up-regulation and relocalization of glucose and ammonium transporters. These molecular responses are critical to support symbiont functioning and organism-wide nitrogen assimilation through glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase–mediated amino acid biosynthesis. Our results reveal crucial aspects of the molecular mechanisms underlying nitrogen conservation and recycling in these organisms that allow them to thrive in the nitrogen-poor ocean environments.

Cummins, ML, Li, D, Ahmad, A, Bushell, R, Noormohammadi, AH, Wijesurendra, DS, Stent, A, Marenda, MS & Djordjevic, SP 2023, 'Whole Genome Sequencing of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Causing Bacterial Chondronecrosis and Osteomyelitis in Australian Poultry.', Microorganisms, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 1513-1513.
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Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) impacts animal welfare and productivity in the poultry industry worldwide, yet it has an understudied pathogenesis. While Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) are known to be one of the main causes, there is a lack of whole genome sequence data, with only a few BCO-associated APEC (APECBCO) genomes available in public databases. In this study, we conducted an analysis of 205 APECBCO genome sequences to generate new baseline phylogenomic knowledge regarding the diversity of E. coli sequence types and the presence of virulence associated genes (VAGs). Our findings revealed the following: (i) APECBCO are phylogenetically and genotypically similar to APEC that cause colibacillosis (APECcolibac), with globally disseminated APEC sequence types ST117, ST57, ST69, and ST95 being predominate; (ii) APECBCO are frequent carriers of ColV-like plasmids that carry a similar set of VAGs as those found in APECcolibac. Additionally, we performed genomic comparisons, including a genome-wide association study, with a complementary collection of geotemporally-matched genomes of APEC from multiple cases of colibacillosis (APECcolibac). Our genome-wide association study found no evidence of novel virulence loci unique to APECBCO. Overall, our data indicate that APECBCO and APECcolibac are not distinct subpopulations of APEC. Our publication of these genomes substantially increases the available collection of APECBCO genomes and provides insights for the management and treatment strategies of lameness in poultry.

Dahal, A, McNevin, D, Chikhani, M & Ward, J 2023, 'An interdisciplinary forensic approach for human remains identification and missing persons investigations', WIREs Forensic Science, vol. 5, no. 4.
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AbstractThe resolution of unidentified human remains (UHR) and long‐term missing persons (LTMP) cases is paramount for administrative, legal, and humanitarian reasons. There are various forensic profiling methods for human identification; however, their utility is dependent on several factors. First, UHR can be found in different stages of decomposition, so the availability and diversity of post‐mortem (PM) information will differ. Second, the availability and totality of the LTMP's ante‐mortem (AM) information will differ. Therefore, the suitability of existing methods will be dependent on the quality and quantity of PM and/or AM data available for comparison. Visual recognition is the simplest and quickest method, but typically not practiced or possible, owing to the altered, fragmented, or skeletonized state of UHR. Primary forensic profiling methods involve the comparison of fingerprint, dental, DNA, and medical data. Secondary forensic profiling methods from anthropology, radiology, geochemistry, and anatomy disciplines can provide supplementary evidence to support comparative identification approaches. Emerging forensic molecular technologies such as genomics, microbiomics, epigenetics, and proteomics, together with individual digital footprints from personal devices, offer new investigative leads for establishing identity. However, despite the success of these individual methods, their limitations must be considered when used in isolation. Through the development of a guiding forensic examination framework, this review endorses an interdisciplinary response to unidentified and missing persons investigations, where various forensic specialists collaboratively examine UHR using a suite of contemporary forensic profiling methods to produce multiple and/or different lines of evidence to link them effectively, efficiently, comprehensively, and systematically to LTMP.This article is categorized under:

Dang, K, Ryan, LM, Akkaya Hocagil, T, Cook, RJ, Richardson, GA, Day, NL, Coles, CD, Carmichael Olson, H, Jacobson, SW & Jacobson, JL 2023, 'Bayesian modelling of effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on child cognition based on data from multiple cohorts', Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics, vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 167-186.
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SummaryHigh levels of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) result in significant cognitive deficits in children, but the exact nature of the dose‐response relationship is less well understood. To investigate this relationship, data were assembled from six longitudinal birth cohort studies examining the effects of PAE on cognitive outcomes from early school age through adolescence. Structural equation models (SEMs) are a natural approach to consider, because of the way they conceptualise multiple observed outcomes as relating to an underlying latent variable of interest, which can then be modelled as a function of exposure and other predictors of interest. However, conventional SEMs could not be fitted in this context because slightly different outcome measures were used in the six studies. In this paper we propose a multi‐group Bayesian SEM that maps the unobserved cognition variable to a broad range of observed outcomes. The relation between these variables and PAE is then examined while controlling for potential confounders via propensity score adjustment. By examining different possible dose‐response functions, the proposed framework is used to investigate whether there is a threshold PAE level that results in minimal cognitive deficit.

Daniels, RK, Arnold, MD, Heywood, ZE, Mallinson, JB, Bones, PJ & Brown, SA 2023, 'Brainlike Networks of Nanowires and Nanoparticles: A Change of Perspective', Physical Review Applied, vol. 20, no. 3.
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The connectivity of self-assembled networks of nanowires and nanoparticles is believed to strongly influence their performance in brainlike (neuromorphic) computing applications. Here we present a new perspective on the connectivity of these networks in which their neuronlike active elements are viewed in the same way as the nodes in artificial and biological neuronal networks. We consider two-dimensional and quasi-three-dimensional networks of nanowires and percolating networks of nanoparticles and show that, from this new perspective, they all have similar small-world characteristics. Other characteristics which may impact the computational performance of the networks are also investigated, including their assortativity and the scalefree nature of the nanoparticle networks. Taken together, these results allow comparison of key network characteristics for a variety of self-assembled nanoscale networks, and provide a basis for detailed investigations of computational performance.

Datsyuk, JK, Paudel, KR, Rajput, R, Kokkinis, S, El, ST, Singh, SK, Gupta, G, Chellappan, DK, Yeung, S, Hansbro, PM, Oliver, BGG, Santos, HA, Dua, K & De, RG 2023, 'Emerging applications and prospects of NFκB decoy oligodeoxynucleotides in managing respiratory diseases', Chemico-Biological Interactions, vol. 385, pp. 110737-110737.
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de Couvreur, LA, Cobo, MJ, Kennedy, PJ & Ellis, JT 2023, 'Bibliometric analysis of parasite vaccine research from 1990 to 2019', Vaccine, vol. 41, no. 44, pp. 6468-6477.
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De, RG, Paudel, KR, Corrie, L, Mehndiratta, S, Patel, VK, Kumbhar, PS, Manjappa, AS, Disouza, J, Patravale, V, Gupta, G, Manandhar, B, Rajput, R, Robinson, AK, Reyes, R-J, Chakraborty, A, Chellappan, DK, Singh, SK, Oliver, BGG, Hansbro, PM & Dua, K 2023, 'Applications and advancements of nanoparticle-based drug delivery in alleviating lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.', Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol.
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Lung cancer (LC) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Cigarette smoking is among the main aetiologic factors for both ailments. These diseases share common pathogenetic mechanisms including inflammation, oxidative stress, and tissue remodelling. Current therapeutic approaches are limited by low efficacy and adverse effects. Consequentially, LC has a 5-year survival of < 20%, while COPD is incurable, underlining the necessity for innovative treatment strategies. Two promising emerging classes of therapy against these diseases include plant-derived molecules (phytoceuticals) and nucleic acid-based therapies. The clinical application of both is limited by issues including poor solubility, poor permeability, and, in the case of nucleic acids, susceptibility to enzymatic degradation, large size, and electrostatic charge density. Nanoparticle-based advanced drug delivery systems are currently being explored as flexible systems allowing to overcome these limitations. In this review, an updated summary of the most recent studies using nanoparticle-based advanced drug delivery systems to improve the delivery of nucleic acids and phytoceuticals for the treatment of LC and COPD is provided. This review highlights the enormous relevance of these delivery systems as tools that are set to facilitate the clinical application of novel categories of therapeutics with poor pharmacokinetic properties. This picture was generated with BioRender.

De, RG, Paudel, KR, Liu, G, Agarwal, V, MacLoughlin, R, de, JAPT, Singh, SK, Adams, J, Nammi, S, Chellappan, DK, Oliver, BGG, Hansbro, PM & Dua, K 2023, 'Berberine-loaded engineered nanoparticles attenuate TGF-β-induced remodelling in human bronchial epithelial cells', Toxicology in Vitro, vol. 92, pp. 105660-105660.
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De, RG, Paudel, KR, Raju, AVSR, Malyla, V, Subramaniyan, V, Singh, SK, Panth, N, Gupta, G, Hansbro, PM, Chellappan, DK & Dua, K 2023, 'Involvement of osteopontin, EpCAM, estrogen receptor-alpha, and carbonic anhydrase IX protein in managing lung cancer via Berberine-loaded liquid crystalline nanoparticles', Pathology - Research and Practice, pp. 154971-154971.
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Deignan, LK, Pwa, KH, Loh, AAR, Rice, SA & McDougald, D 2023, 'The microbiomes of two Singaporean corals show site-specific differentiation and variability that correlates with the seasonal monsoons', Coral Reefs, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 677-691.
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AbstractCorals host abundant microbial communities, or microbiomes, that play essential roles in the function of the coral holobiont. We examined the mucus microbiome in corals within the port of Singapore, where corals persist despite intense anthropogenic impacts. The coral mucus microbiomes of Pectinia paeonia and Platygyra sinensis at three reef sites were tracked by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing from January 2019 to January 2020. Both coral species displayed spatial and temporal differences in microbiome composition, suggesting site specificity and seasonality in microbiome composition consistent with the monsoons. The temporal shifts in relative abundance of dominant taxa were different between the two coral species. Nonetheless, Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum in both coral species and was reduced during the southwest (SW) monsoon, while Cyanobacteria and Crenarchaeota increased. The presumptive beneficial endosymbiont Endozoicomonas was only associated with corals at the reef site located the farthest from the Singapore mainland. The coral microbiomes reflected seasonal changes, while the seawater displayed distinct temporal microbial compositions and site-specific differentiation within all sampling dates. The persistence of coral reefs within the port of Singapore highlights the adaptive ability of corals to respond to stressful environments, and this study provides further evidence that a flexible microbiome could be an important part of the strategy employed by corals to remain resilient.

Devlin, C, Chadwick, S, Moret, S, Baechler, S, Raymond, J & Morelato, M 2023, 'The potential of using the forensic profiles of Australian fraudulent identity documents to assist intelligence-led policing', Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 720-730.
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Dhungana, A, Becchi, S, Leake, J, Morris, G, Avgan, N, Balleine, BW, Vissel, B & Bradfield, LA 2023, 'Goal-Directed Action Is Initially Impaired in a hAPP-J20 Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease', eneuro, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. ENEURO.0363-22.2023.
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AbstractCognitive-behavioral testing in preclinical models of Alzheimer’s disease has failed to capture deficits in goal-directed action control. Here, we provide the first comprehensive investigation of goal-directed action in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Specifically, we tested outcome devaluation performance in male and female human amyloid precursor protein (hAPP)-J20 mice. Mice were first trained to press left and right levers for pellet and sucrose outcomes, respectively (counterbalanced), over 4 d. On test, mice were prefed one of the outcomes to satiety and given a choice between levers. Devaluation performance was intact for 36-week-old wild-types of both sexes, who responded more on the valued relative to the devalued lever (Valued > Devalued). By contrast, devaluation was impaired (Valued = Devalued) for J20 mice of both sexes, and for 52-week-old male mice regardless of genotype. After additional lever press training (i.e., 8-d lever pressing in total), devaluation was intact for all mice, demonstrating that the initial deficits were not a result of a nonspecific impairment in reward processing, depression, or locomotor activity in J20 or aging mice. Follow-up analyses revealed that microglial expression in the dorsal CA1 region of the hippocampus was associated with poorer outcome devaluation performance on initial, but not later tests. Together, these data demonstrate that goal-directed action is initially impaired in J20 mice of both sexes and in aging male mice regardless of genotype, and that this impairment is related to neuroinflammation in the dorsal CA1 hippocampal region.

Dickson, K-A, Field, N, Blackman, T, Ma, Y, Xie, T, Kurangil, E, Idrees, S, Rathnayake, SNH, Mahbub, RM, Faiz, A & Marsh, DJ 2023, 'CRISPR single base-editing: in silico predictions to variant clonal cell lines', Human Molecular Genetics, vol. 32, no. 17, pp. 2704-2716.
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Abstract Engineering single base edits using CRISPR technology including specific deaminases and single-guide RNA (sgRNA) is a rapidly evolving field. Different types of base edits can be constructed, with cytidine base editors (CBEs) facilitating transition of C-to-T variants, adenine base editors (ABEs) enabling transition of A-to-G variants, C-to-G transversion base editors (CGBEs) and recently adenine transversion editors (AYBE) that create A-to-C and A-to-T variants. The base-editing machine learning algorithm BE-Hive predicts which sgRNA and base editor combinations have the strongest likelihood of achieving desired base edits. We have used BE-Hive and TP53 mutation data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) ovarian cancer cohort to predict which mutations can be engineered, or reverted to wild-type (WT) sequence, using CBEs, ABEs or CGBEs. We have developed and automated a ranking system to assist in selecting optimally designed sgRNA that considers the presence of a suitable protospacer adjacent motif (PAM), the frequency of predicted bystander edits, editing efficiency and target base change. We have generated single constructs containing ABE or CBE editing machinery, an sgRNA cloning backbone and an enhanced green fluorescent protein tag (EGFP), removing the need for co-transfection of multiple plasmids. We have tested our ranking system and new plasmid constructs to engineer the p53 mutants Y220C, R282W and R248Q into WT p53 cells and shown that these mutants cannot activate four p53 target genes, mimicking the behaviour of endogenous p53 mutations. This field will continue to rapidly progress, requiring new strategies such as we propose to ensure desired base-editing outcomes.

Dilernia, NJ, Camp, EF, Bartels, N & Suggett, DJ 2023, 'Contrasting the thermal performance of cultured coral endosymbiont photo-physiology', Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, vol. 561, pp. 151865-151865.
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Ding, Y, Zhang, S, Li, J, Sun, Y, Yin, B, Li, H, Ma, Y, Wang, Z, Ge, H, Su, D & Ma, T 2023, 'Enhanced Elastic Migration of Magnesium Cations in alpha‐Manganese Dioxide Tunnels Locally Tuned by Aluminium Substitution', Advanced Functional Materials, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 2210519-2210519.
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AbstractThe harsh conditions of large hydrated ion radius of Mg2+ cations and the strong electrostatic interaction with the host material put forward higher requirements for high‐performance aqueous magnesium ion (Mg2+) energy storage devices. Herein, substituted aluminium ions (Al3+) doped α‐MnO2 materials are prepared. The introduction of Al3+ cations adjust the local chemical environment inside the tunnel structure of α‐MnO2 and precisely regulates the diffusion behavior of inserted Mg2+ cations. The shortened oxygens’ distance and abundant oxygen defects result in a substantially enhanced elastic migration pattern of Mg2+ cations driven by strengthened electrostatic attraction, which brings the lower diffusion energy barrier, improved reaction kinetics, and adaptive volume expansion as evidenced by Climbing Image‐Nudged Elastic Band density function theory calculations coupled with experimental confirmation in X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique. As a result, this rationally designed cathode exhibits a high reversible capacity of 197.02 mAh g‐1 at 0.1 A g‐1 and stable cycle performance of 2500 cycles with 82% retention. These parameters are among the best of Mg‐ion capacitors reported to date. This study offers a detailed insight into the local tunnel structure tunning effect and opens up a new path of modification for tunnel‐type structural materials.

Doane, MP, Ostrowski, M, Brown, M, Bramucci, A, Bodrossy, L, van, DKJ, Bissett, A, Steinberg, P, Doblin, MA & Seymour, J 2023, 'Defining marine bacterioplankton community assembly rules by contrasting the importance of environmental determinants and biotic interactions.', Environ Microbiol, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 1084-1098.
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Bacterioplankton communities govern marine productivity and biogeochemical cycling, yet drivers of bacterioplankton assembly remain unclear. Here, we contrast the relative contribution of deterministic processes (environmental factors and biotic interactions) in driving temporal dynamics of bacterioplankton diversity at three different oceanographic time series locations, spanning 15° of latitude, which are each characterized by different environmental conditions and varying degrees of seasonality. Monthly surface samples (5.5 years) were analysed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. The high- and mid-latitude sites of Maria Island and Port Hacking were characterized by high and intermediate levels of environmental heterogeneity, respectively, with both alpha diversity (72%; 24% of total variation) and beta diversity (32%; 30%) patterns within bacterioplankton assemblages explained by day length, ammonium, and mixed layer depth. In contrast, North Stradbroke Island, a sub-tropical location where environmental conditions are less variable, interspecific interactions were of increased importance in structuring bacterioplankton diversity (alpha: 33%; beta: 26%) with environment only contributing 11% and 13% to predicting diversity, respectively. Our results demonstrate that bacterioplankton diversity is the result of both deterministic environmental and biotic processes and that the importance of these different deterministic processes varies, potential in response to environmental heterogeneity.

Dong, H, Qi, S, Wang, L, Chen, X, Xiao, Y, Wang, Y, Sun, B, Wang, G & Chen, S 2023, 'Conductive Polymer Coated Layered Double Hydroxide as a Novel Sulfur Reservoir for Flexible Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries', Small, vol. 19, no. 30.
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AbstractLithium‐sulfur battery (LSB) is widely regarded as the most promising next‐generation energy storage system owing to its high theoretical capacity and low cost. However, the practical application of LSBs is mainly hampered by the low electronic conductivity of the sulfur cathode and the notorious “shuttle effect”, which lead to high voltage polarization, severe over‐charge behavior, and rapid capacity decay. To address these issues, a novel sulfur reservoir is synthesized by coating polypyrrole (PPy) thin film on hollow layered double hydroxide (LDH) (PPy@LDH). After compositing with sulfur, such PPy@LDH‐S cathode shows a multi‐functional effect to reserve lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). In addition, the unique architecture provides sufficient inner space to encapsulate the volume expansion and enhances the reaction kinetics of sulfur‐based redox chemistry. Theoretical calculations have illustrated that the PPy@LDH has shown stronger chemical adsorption capability for LiPSs than those of porous carbon and LDH, preventing the shuttling of LiPSs and enhancing the nucleation affinity of liquid‐solid conversion. As a result, the PPy@LDH‐S electrode delivers a stable cycling performance and a superior rate capability. Flexible battery has demonstrated this PPy@LDH‐S electrode can work properly with treatments of bending, folding, and even twisting, paving the way for wearable devices and flexible electronics.

Donovan, C, Barnes, JL & Kim, RY 2023, 'Back to the Eosinophil: Resolvin Spatiotemporal Regulation', American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, vol. 69, no. 6, pp. 608-609.
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DOOLEY, AH & JIN, JIE 2023, 'A non-singular version of the Oseledeč ergodic theorem', Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 873-886.
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AbstractKingman’s subadditive ergodic theorem is traditionally proved in the setting of a measure-preserving invertible transformation T of a measure space $(X, \mu )$ . We use a theorem of Silva and Thieullen to extend the theorem to the setting of a not necessarily invertible transformation, which is non-singular under the assumption that $\mu $ and $\mu \circ T$ have the same null sets. Using this, we are able to produce versions of the Furstenberg–Kesten theorem and the Oseledeč ergodic theorem for products of random matrices without the assumption that the transformation is either invertible or measure-preserving.

Doré, H, Guyet, U, Leconte, J, Farrant, GK, Alric, B, Ratin, M, Ostrowski, M, Ferrieux, M, Brillet-Guéguen, L, Hoebeke, M, Siltanen, J, Le Corguillé, G, Corre, E, Wincker, P, Scanlan, DJ, Eveillard, D, Partensky, F & Garczarek, L 2023, 'Differential global distribution of marine picocyanobacteria gene clusters reveals distinct niche-related adaptive strategies', The ISME Journal, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 720-732.
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AbstractThe ever-increasing number of available microbial genomes and metagenomes provides new opportunities to investigate the links between niche partitioning and genome evolution in the ocean, especially for the abundant and ubiquitous marine picocyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus. Here, by combining metagenome analyses of the Tara Oceans dataset with comparative genomics, including phyletic patterns and genomic context of individual genes from 256 reference genomes, we show that picocyanobacterial communities thriving in different niches possess distinct gene repertoires. We also identify clusters of adjacent genes that display specific distribution patterns in the field (eCAGs) and are thus potentially involved in the same metabolic pathway and may have a key role in niche adaptation. Several eCAGs are likely involved in the uptake or incorporation of complex organic forms of nutrients, such as guanidine, cyanate, cyanide, pyrimidine, or phosphonates, which might be either directly used by cells, for example for the biosynthesis of proteins or DNA, or degraded to inorganic nitrogen and/or phosphorus forms. We also highlight the enrichment of eCAGs involved in polysaccharide capsule biosynthesis in Synechococcus populations thriving in both nitrogen- and phosphorus-depleted areas vs. low-iron (Fe) regions, suggesting that the complexes they encode may be too energy-consuming for picocyanobacteria thriving in the latter areas. In contrast, Prochlorococcus populations thriving in Fe-depleted areas specifically possess an alternative respiratory terminal oxidase, potentially involved in the reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II). Altogether, this study provides insights into how phytoplankton communities populate oceanic ecosystems, which is relevant to understanding their capacity ...

Dower, A, Mulcahy, M, Maharaj, M, Chen, H, Lim, CED, Li, Y & Sheridan, M 2023, 'Surgical Decompression for Malignant Cerebral Edema After Ischemic Stroke: Cochrane Review.', Stroke, vol. 54, no. 12, pp. e500-e502.
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Dowling, NA, Wilson, JR, Cope, JM, Dougherty, DT, Lomonico, S, Revenga, C, Snouffer, BJ, Salinas, NG, Torres‐Cañete, F, Chick, RC, Fowler, AM & Parma, AM 2023, 'The FishPath approach for fisheries management in a data‐ and capacity‐limited world', Fish and Fisheries, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 212-230.
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AbstractSuccessful fisheries management systems tend to be underpinned by harvest strategies, specifying formally agreed data collection systems, assessment approaches and management measures used to regulate fishing pressure. While harvest strategies can be effective even in data‐ and capacity‐limited (DCL) situations, their development remains challenging in such contexts. We present a process and decision‐support tool, FishPath, to guide the identification of suitable harvest strategy component options given often debilitating conditions: (i) resource limitations and lack of technical management capacity; (ii) ‘uniqueness’ of DCL fisheries; (iii) the concept of harvest strategies is unfamiliar to managers and scientists, and the universe of options is hard to navigate; and (iv) the lack of an effective participatory process to identify solutions tailored to local contexts. These conditions can lead to either management paralysis or generic solutions that may be poor fits to specific conditions. The FishPath Tool uses a diagnostic questionnaire that elicits the key characteristics and specific circumstances of a fishery. It compares these with the requirements of alternative options from an inventory of possible harvest strategy components, identifies where these requirements are met and provides customised, transparent guidance on the appropriateness of component options of a harvest strategy, specific to the fishery of interest and its governance context. The FishPath Process is a facilitated multi‐stakeholder, participatory engagement process aimed to set fisheries on the path to develop a harvest strategy. The FishPath Process and Tool combine to ensure a bottom‐up, documented, transparent, replicable and efficient process.

Drew-Smythe, JJ, Davila, YC, McLean, CM, Hingee, MC, Murray, ML, Webb, JK, Krix, DW & Murray, BR 2023, 'Community perceptions of ecosystem services and disservices linked to urban tree plantings', Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, vol. 82, pp. 127870-127870.
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Dupouy, DLM, Bolton, MS, Berry, TP, Raymond, J & Meakin, GE 2023, 'Saw marks in bone: A preliminary empirical study to inform decision making and best practice', Forensic Science International, vol. 353, pp. 111857-111857.
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Dupuy, A, Aponte-Santamaría, C, Yeheskel, A, Hortle, E, Oehlers, SH, Gräter, F, Hogg, PJ, Passam, FH & Chiu, J 2023, 'Mechano-Redox Control of Mac-1 De-Adhesion by PDI Promotes Directional Movement Under Flow', Circulation Research, vol. 132, no. 9.
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Background: Neutrophil migration is critical to the initiation and resolution of inflammation. Macrophage-1 antigen (Mac-1; CD11b/CD18, αMβ2) is a leukocyte integrin essential for firm adhesion to endothelial ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1) and migration of neutrophils in the shear forces of the circulation. PDI (protein disulfide isomerase) has been reported to influence neutrophil adhesion and migration. We aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism of PDI control of Mac-1 affinity for ICAM-1 during neutrophil migration under fluid shear. Methods: Neutrophils isolated from whole blood were perfused over microfluidic chips coated with ICAM-1. Colocalization of Mac-1 and PDI on neutrophils was visualized by fluorescently labeled antibodies and confocal microscopy. The redox state of Mac-1 disulfide bonds was mapped by differential cysteine alkylation and mass spectrometry. Wild-type or disulfide mutant Mac-1 was expressed recombinantly in Baby Hamster Kidney cells to measure ligand affinity. Mac-1 conformations were measured by conformation-specific antibodies and molecular dynamics simulations. Neutrophils crawling on immobilized ICAM-1 were measured in presence of oxidized or reduced PDI, and the effect of PDI inhibition using isoquercetin on neutrophil crawling on inflamed endothelial cells was examined. Migration indices in the X- and Y-direction were determined and the crawling speed was calculated. Results: PDI colocalized with high-affinity Mac-1 at the trailing edge of stimulated neutrophils when crawling on ICAM-1 under fluid shear. PDI cleaved 2 allosteric disulfide bonds, C169-C176 and C224-C264, in the βI domain of the β2 subunit, and cleavage of the...

Dureja, H, solanki, N, Gupta, G, Chellappan, DK, Singh, SK, Gulati, M, Paudel, KR, Hansbro, PM, Dua, K, Bhan, S & saini, M 2023, 'Boswellic Acids: A Critical Appraisal of Their Therapeutic and Nutritional Benefits in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases', Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets, vol. 23.
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Background:In the last few decades, it has been largely perceived that the factors affecting the immune system and its varying pathways lead to the pathological progression of inflammation and inflammatory conditions. Chronic inflammation also contributes to common diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, cancer, chronic renal inflammatory disease, non-alcoholic fatty hepatic disease, autoimmune diseases and neurodegenerative diseases.Objective:Interestingly, plant sources and secondary metabolites from plants have been increasingly employed in managing acute and chronic inflammatory diseases for centuries. Boswellic acids are pentacyclic triterpenoidal moieties obtained from the oleo gum resin of different Boswellia species.Methods:Detailed data was collected revealing the anti-inflammatory potential of Boswellic acids through various databases.Result:These are pharmacologically active agents that possess promising anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, antirheumatic, anti-diarrheal, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-asthmatic, anti-cancer, and anti-microbial effects.Conclusion:Boswellic acids have been in use since ancient times primarily to treat acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. This review discusses the various mechanisms underlying the inflammatory process and the necessity of such natural products as a medication to treat inflammatory diseases. In addition, a discussion has also been extended to understand the primary targets involved in inflammation. The review further explores the therapeutic potential of boswellic acids in chronic inflammatory diseases by analyzing numerous reported scientific studies.

Egwunye, J, Cardoso, BR, Braat, S, Ha, T, Hanieh, S, Hare, D, Duan, AX, Doronila, A, Tran, T, Tuan, T, Fisher, J & Biggs, B-A 2023, 'The role of fingernail selenium in the association between arsenic, lead and mercury and child development in rural Vietnam: a cross-sectional analysis', British Journal of Nutrition, vol. 129, no. 9, pp. 1589-1597.
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AbstractAs, Pb and Hg are common environmental contaminants in low- and middle-income countries. We investigated the association between child toxicant exposure and growth and development and determined if this association was mitigated by Se concentration. Toxicant concentrations in fingernail samples, anthropometry and Bayley’s Scales of Infant Development, 3rd edition domains were assessed in 36-month-old children whose mothers had been part of a randomised controlled trial in rural Vietnam. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to estimate the effect of toxicant exposure on clinical outcomes with adjustments for potential confounders and interaction with fingernail Se concentration. We analysed 658 children who had data for at least one physical or developmental outcome, and at least one toxicant measurement, and each of the covariates. Fingernail As concentration was negatively associated with language (estimate per 10 % increase in As: −0·19, 95 % CI: (–0·32, −0·05)). Pb was negatively associated with cognition (estimate per 10 % increase in Pb: −0·08 (–0·15, −0·02)), language (estimate per 10 % increase in Pb: −0·18 (–0·28, −0·10)) and motor skills (estimate per 10 % increase in Pb: −0·12 (–0·24, 0·00)). Hg was negatively associated with cognition (estimate per 10 % increase in Hg: −0·48, (–0·72, −0·23)) and language (estimate per 10 % increase in Hg −0·51, (–0·88, −0·13)) when Se concentration was set at zero in the model. As Se concentration increased, the negative associations between Hg and both cognition and language scores were attenuated. There was no association between toxicant concentration and growth. As, Pb and Hg concentrations in fingernails of 3-year-old children were associated with lower child development scores. The negative association between Hg and neurological development was reduced in magnitude with increasing Se concentration. Se status should be considered when assessing heavy metal toxi...

Elankumuran, P, Browning, GF, Marenda, MS, Kidsley, A, Osman, M, Haenni, M, Johnson, JR, Trott, DJ, Reid, CJ & Djordjevic, SP 2023, 'Identification of genes influencing the evolution of Escherichia coli ST372 in dogs and humans.', Microb Genom, vol. 9, no. 2, p. mgen000930.
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ST372 are widely reported as the major Escherichia coli sequence type in dogs globally. They are also a sporadic cause of extraintestinal infections in humans. Despite this, it is unknown whether ST372 strains from dogs and humans represent shared or distinct populations. Furthermore, little is known about genomic traits that might explain the prominence of ST372 in dogs or presence in humans. To address this, we applied a variety of bioinformatics analyses to a global collection of 407 ST372 E. coli whole-genome sequences to characterize their epidemiological features, population structure and associated accessory genomes. We confirm that dogs are the dominant host of ST372 and that clusters within the population structure exhibit distinctive O:H types. One phylogenetic cluster, 'cluster M', comprised almost half of the sequences and showed the divergence of two human-restricted clades that carried different O:H types to the remainder of the cluster. We also present evidence supporting transmission between dogs and humans within different clusters of the phylogeny, including M. We show that multiple acquisitions of the pdu propanediol utilization operon have occurred in clusters dominated by isolates of canine source, possibly linked to diet, whereas loss of the pdu operon and acquisition of K antigen virulence genes characterize human-restricted lineages.

Elder, M & Piggott, A 2023, 'On groups presented by inverse-closed finite confluent length-reducing rewriting systems', Journal of Algebra, vol. 627, pp. 106-131.
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Elder, M, Piggott, A & Townsend, K 2023, 'On k-geodetic graphs and groups', International Journal of Algebra and Computation, vol. 33, no. 06, pp. 1169-1182.
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We call a graph k-geodetic, for some [Formula: see text], if it is connected and between any two vertices there are at most k geodesics. It is shown that any hyperbolic group with a k-geodetic Cayley graph is virtually-free. Furthermore, in such a group the centralizer of any infinite order element is an infinite cyclic group. These results were known previously only in the case that [Formula: see text]. A key tool used to develop the theorem is a new graph theoretic result concerning “ladder-like structures” in a k-geodetic graph.

Elder, M, Piggott, A & Townsend, K 2023, 'On k-geodetic graphs and groups', International Journal of Algebra and Computation.
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We call a graph k-geodetic, for some k≥1, if it is connected and between any two vertices there are at most k geodesics. It is shown that any hyperbolic group with a k-geodetic Cayley graph is virtually-free. Furthermore, in such a group the centraliser of any infinite order element is an infinite cyclic group. These results were known previously only in the case that k=1. A key tool used to develop the theorem is a new graph theoretic result concerning ``ladder-like structures'' in a k-geodetic graph.

Ellis, JT & Reichel, MP 2023, 'Twitter trends in #Parasitology determined by text mining and topic modelling', Current Research in Parasitology & Vector-Borne Diseases, vol. 4, pp. 100138-100138.
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Elrahoumi, R, Zhu, L, Wagner, E, Maudez, W, Benvenuti, G, Phillips, MR & Ton-That, C 2023, 'Doping-induced Ti3+ state and oxygen vacancies in TiO2: A single-chip combinatorial investigation', Materials Chemistry and Physics, vol. 308, pp. 128283-128283.
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Fairley, LH, Das, S, Dharwal, V, Amorim, N, Hegarty, KJ, Wadhwa, R, Mounika, G & Hansbro, PM 2023, 'Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants as a Therapeutic Strategy for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.', Antioxidants (Basel), vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 973-973.
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Oxidative stress is a major hallmark of COPD, contributing to inflammatory signaling, corticosteroid resistance, DNA damage, and accelerated lung aging and cellular senescence. Evidence suggests that oxidative damage is not solely due to exogenous exposure to inhaled irritants, but also endogenous sources of oxidants in the form of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondria, the major producers of ROS, exhibit impaired structure and function in COPD, resulting in reduced oxidative capacity and excessive ROS production. Antioxidants have been shown to protect against ROS-induced oxidative damage in COPD, by reducing ROS levels, reducing inflammation, and protecting against the development of emphysema. However, currently available antioxidants are not routinely used in the management of COPD, suggesting the need for more effective antioxidant agents. In recent years, a number of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant (MTA) compounds have been developed that are capable of crossing the mitochondria lipid bilayer, offering a more targeted approach to reducing ROS at its source. In particular, MTAs have been shown to illicit greater protective effects compared to non-targeted, cellular antioxidants by further reducing apoptosis and offering greater protection against mtDNA damage, suggesting they are promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of COPD. Here, we review evidence for the therapeutic potential of MTAs as a treatment for chronic lung disease and discuss current challenges and future directions.

Fairley, LH, Lai, KO, Wong, JH, Chong, WJ, Vincent, AS, D’Agostino, G, Wu, X, Naik, RR, Jayaraman, A, Langley, SR, Ruedl, C & Barron, AM 2023, 'Mitochondrial control of microglial phagocytosis by the translocator protein and hexokinase 2 in Alzheimer’s disease', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 120, no. 8.
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Microglial phagocytosis is an energetically demanding process that plays a critical role in the removal of toxic protein aggregates in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recent evidence indicates that a switch in energy production from mitochondrial respiration to glycolysis disrupts this important protective microglial function and may provide therapeutic targets for AD. Here, we demonstrate that the translocator protein (TSPO) and a member of its mitochondrial complex, hexokinase-2 (HK), play critical roles in microglial respiratory-glycolytic metabolism and phagocytosis. Pharmacological and genetic loss-of-function experiments showed that TSPO is critical for microglial respiratory metabolism and energy supply for phagocytosis, and its expression is enriched in phagocytic microglia of AD mice. Meanwhile, HK controlled glycolytic metabolism and phagocytosis via mitochondrial binding or displacement. In cultured microglia, TSPO deletion impaired mitochondrial respiration and increased mitochondrial recruitment of HK, inducing a switch to glycolysis and reducing phagocytosis. To determine the functional significance of mitochondrial HK recruitment, we developed an optogenetic tool for reversible control of HK localization. Displacement of mitochondrial HK inhibited glycolysis and improved phagocytosis in TSPO-knockout microglia. Mitochondrial HK recruitment also coordinated the inflammatory switch to glycolysis that occurs in response to lipopolysaccharide in normal microglia. Interestingly, cytosolic HK increased phagocytosis independent of its metabolic activity, indicating an immune signaling function. Alzheimer’s beta amyloid drastically stimulated mitochondrial HK recruitment in cultured microglia, which may contribute to microglial dysfunction in AD. Thus, targeting mitochondrial HK may offer an immunotherapeutic approach to promote phagocytic microglial function in AD.

Faiz, A, Mahbub, RM, Boedijono, FS, Tomassen, MI, Kooistra, W, Timens, W, Nawijn, M, Hansbro, PM, Johansen, MD, Pouwels, SD, Heijink, IH, Massip, F, de, BMS, Schwarz, RF, Adcock, IM, Chung, KF, van, DDA, Hiemstra, PS, Goulaouic, H, Xing, H, Abdulai, R, de, RE, Cunoosamy, D, Harel, S, Lederer, D, Nivens, MC, Wark, PA, Kerstjens, HAM, Hylkema, MN, Brandsma, C-A, van, DBM & Cambridge, LCEDP 2023, 'IL-33 Expression Is Lower in Current Smokers at Both Transcriptomic and Protein Level.', Am J Respir Crit Care Med.
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INTRODUCTION: IL-33 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of asthma and COPD. A recent clinical trial using the anti-IL33 antibody showed a reduction in exacerbation and improved lung function in ex-smokers but not current smokers with COPD. In this study, we aimed to understand the effects of smoking status on IL-33. METHODS: We investigated the association of smoking status with the level of gene expression of IL33 in the airways in eight independent transcriptomic studies of lung airways. Additionally, we performed western blot and immunohistochemistry for IL-33 in lung tissue to assess protein levels. RESULTS: Across the bulk RNA-sequencing datasets, IL-33 gene expression and its signaling pathway were significantly lower in current- compared to ex- or never-smokers and increased upon smoking cessation (p<0.05). Single-cell sequencing showed that IL-33 is predominantly expressed in resting basal epithelial cells and decreases during the differentiation process triggered by smoke exposure. We also found a higher transitioning of this cellular sub-population into a more differentiated cell type during chronic smoking, potentially driving the reduction of IL-33. Protein analysis demonstrated lower IL-33 levels in lung tissue from COPD current- compared to ex-smokers and a lower proportion of IL-33 positive basal cells in current versus ex-smoking controls. CONCLUSION: We provide strong evidence that cigarette smoke leads to an overall reduction in IL33 expression in both transcriptomic and protein level and this may be due to the decrease in resting basal cells. Together, these findings may explain the clinical observation that a recent antibody-based anti-IL-33 treatment is more effective in ex- than current smokers with COPD. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Faiz, A, Pavlidis, S, Kuo, C-H, Rowe, A, Hiemstra, PS, Timens, W, Berg, M, Wisman, M, Guo, Y-K, Djukanović, R, Sterk, P, Meyer, KB, Nawijn, MC, Adcock, I, Chung, KF & van den Berge, M 2023, 'Th2 high and mast cell gene signatures are associated with corticosteroid sensitivity in COPD', Thorax, vol. 78, no. 4, pp. 335-343.
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RationaleSevere asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) share common pathophysiological traits such as relative corticosteroid insensitivity. We recently published three transcriptome-associated clusters (TACs) using hierarchical analysis of the sputum transcriptome in asthmatics from the Unbiased Biomarkers for the Prediction of Respiratory Disease Outcomes (U-BIOPRED) cohort comprising one Th2-high inflammatory signature (TAC1) and two Th2-low signatures (TAC2 and TAC3).ObjectiveWe examined whether gene expression signatures obtained in asthma can be used to identify the subgroup of patients with COPD with steroid sensitivity.MethodsUsing gene set variation analysis, we examined the distribution and enrichment scores (ES) of the 3 TACs in the transcriptome of bronchial biopsies from 46 patients who participated in the Groningen Leiden Universities Corticosteroids in Obstructive Lung Disease COPD study that received 30 months of treatment with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) with and without an added long-acting β-agonist (LABA). The identified signatures were then associated with longitudinal clinical variables after treatment. Differential gene expression and cellular convolution were used to define key regulated genes and cell types.Measurements and main resultsBronchial biopsies in patients with COPD at baseline showed a wide range of expression of the 3 TAC signatures. After ICS±LABA treatment, the ES of TAC1 was significantly reduced at 30 months, but those of TAC2 and TAC3 were unaffected. A corticosteroid-sensitive TAC1 signature was developed from the TAC1 ICS-responsive genes. This signature consisted of mast cell-specific genes identified by single-cell RNA-sequencing and positively correlated with bronchial b...

Fang, G, Chen, Y, Lu, H & Jin, D 2023, 'Advances in Spheroids and Organoids on a Chip', Advanced Functional Materials, vol. 33, no. 19, pp. 2215043-2215043.
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AbstractMulticellular spheroids and organoids are promising in vitro 3D models in personalized medicine and drug screening. They replicate the structural and functional characteristics of human organs in vivo. Microfluidic technology and micro‐nano fabrication can fulfill the high requirement of the engineering approach in the growing research interest in spheroids and organoids. In this review, spheroids and organoids are comparatively introduced. Then it is illustrated how spheroids‐ and organoids‐on‐a‐chip technology facilitates their establishment, expansion, and application through spatial‐temporal control, mechanical cues modeling, high‐throughput analysis, co‐culture, multi‐tissue interactions, biosensing, and bioimaging integration. The potential opportunities and challenges in developing spheroids‐ and organoids‐on‐a‐chip technology are finally outlooked.

Fang, H, Chen, C-H, Hwang, F-J, Chang, C-C & Chang, C-C 2023, 'Metro Station functional clustering and dual-view recurrent graph convolutional network for metro passenger flow prediction', Expert Systems with Applications, pp. 122550-122550.
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Fang, H, Liu, Y, Chen, C-H & Hwang, F-J 2023, 'Travel Time Prediction Method Based on Spatial-Feature-based Hierarchical Clustering and Deep Multi-input Gated Recurrent Unit', ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 1-21.
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Accurate travel time prediction (TTP) is a significant aspect in the intelligent transportation system (ITS) . Travel times of certain road segments explicitly reflect the traffic conditions of those sections. Effective TTP of road segments is instrumental in route planning, traffic control, and traffic management. However, the accuracy of TTP is greatly affected by the intricate topological structure of traffic network and the dynamics of traffic flow over time. This paper develops a TTP method based on the spatial-feature-based hierarchical clustering (SFHC) and deep multi-input gated recurrent unit (DMGRU) . The proposed two-stage method is capable of capturing the spatial-temporal features of traffic network. Specifically, the SFHC divides the road segments into several clusters having similar traffic features, and then the clustered data is fed into the DMGRU for TTP. Our experiments conducted on the practical dataset demonstrate that the designed prediction method can achieve the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 3.3109% and mean absolute error (MAE) of 2.5658, which outperform various combinations of baseline clustering algorithms and prediction models.

Farahmandi, F, Srivastava, A, Di Natale, G & Tehranipoor, M 2023, 'Introduction to the Special Issue on CAD for Security: Pre-silicon Security Sign-off Solutions Through Design Cycle', ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 1-4.
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This introduction welcomes all readers to this ACM JETC special issue on CAD for Security: Pre-silicon Security Sign-off Solutions Through Design Cycle. The articles published in this special issue reflect how computer-aided design (CAD) tools are developed to expand the notion of automated security verification throughout the system-on-chip (SoC) design cycle. This special issue aims to demonstrate how the semiconductor industry must look for security-oriented metrics and evaluation as part of automatic CAD solution development to aid analysis, identifying, root-causing, and mitigating SoC security problems. Throughout this introductory note, we first represent the need for such a security-oriented sign-off solution for the ASIC design flow, then it is followed by providing an overview of the articles published in this special issue and how they address such requirements.

Farahmandjou, M, Lai, W, Safaei, J, Wang, S, Huang, Z, Marlton, F, Ruan, J, Sun, B, Gao, H, Ostrikov, KK, Notten, PHL & Wang, G 2023, 'Boosting the Electrochemical Performance of Lithium‐Rich Cathodes by Oxygen Vacancy Engineering', Batteries & Supercaps, vol. 6, no. 7.
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AbstractThe challenges of voltage decay and irreversible oxygen release for lithium‐rich layered oxide cathode materials have hindered their commercial application despite their high energy density and low cost. Herein, a facile post‐annealing strategy is developed to pre‐introduce oxygen vacancies (OVs) into Li1.2Mn0.457Ni0.229Co0.114O2 cathode materials. The induced OVs modify the local Mn coordination environments, enhance structural stability, and suppress oxygen release. The modified cathode exhibits a discharge capacity of 224.1 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C after 100 cycles with 97.7 % capacity retention. Even at 2 C, excellent capacity retention of 93.3 % after 300 cycles can be achieved. In situ and ex situ X‐ray diffraction are used to elucidate the reaction mechanisms and crystal structure during cycling tests. Ex situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the suppressed oxygen release, enhanced oxygen vacancies and reduced cathode‐electrolyte interfacial layer after cycling for the post‐annealed cathode. Our results show that the presence of oxygen vacancies through thermal expansion diminishes the phase transitions in cathode materials during the heating process. These findings contribute to developing next‐generation Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) by oxygen vacancy engineering for new cathode materials with improved electrochemical performances.

Fares, M, Wu, X, McNaughton, DA, Gilchrist, AM, Lewis, W, Keller, PA, Arias-Betancur, A, Fontova, P, Pérez-Tomás, R & Gale, PA 2023, 'A potent fluorescent transmembrane HCl transporter perturbs cellular pH and promotes cancer cell death.', Org Biomol Chem, vol. 21, no. 12, pp. 2509-2515.
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A series of fluorescent coumarin bis-ureas 1-4 have been synthesised, and their anion transport properties studied. The compounds function as highly potent HCl co-transport agents in lipid bilayer membranes. Single crystal X-ray diffraction of compound 1 showed antiparallel stacking of the coumarin rings, stabilised by hydrogen bonds. Binding studies, using 1H-NMR titration, showed moderate chloride binding in DMSO-d6/0.5% with 1 : 1 binding mode (for transporter 1) and 1 : 2 binding mode (host: guest, for transporters 2-4). We examined the cytotoxicity of compounds 1-4 against three cancer cell lines, lung adenocarcinoma (A549), colon adenocarcinoma (SW620) and breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7). The most lipophilic transporter, 4 showed a cytotoxic effect against all three cancer cell lines. Cellular fluorescence studies showed compound 4 crossed the plasma membrane and localised in the cytoplasm after a short time. Interestingly, compound 4, lacking any lysosome targeting groups, was co-localised with LysoTracker Red at 4 and 8 h in the lysosome. Cellular anion transport of compound 4 was assessed by measuring intracellular pH and showed a decrease in cellular pH, which may be due to the capacity of transporter 4 to co-transport HCl across biological membranes, as evidenced by the liposomal studies.

Feng, Z, Zhu, R, Chen, F, Zhu, Y, Zhou, Y, Guan, P, Kuo, Y-C, Fan, J, Wan, T, Li, M, Han, Z, Su, D & Chu, D 2023, 'Recent advances in water-induced electricity generation based on 2D materials: A review', Journal of Materials Research, vol. 38, no. 7, pp. 1757-1779.
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Fergusson, K & Platen, E 2023, 'Less-expensive long-term annuities linked to mortality, cash and equity', Annals of Actuarial Science, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 170-207.
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AbstractThis paper proposes a shift in the valuation and production of long-term annuities, away from the classical risk-neutral methodology towards a methodology using the real-world probability measure. The proposed production method is applied to three examples of annuity products, one having annual payments linked to a mortality index and the savings account and the others having annual payments linked to a mortality index and an equity index with a guarantee that is linked to the same mortality index and the savings account. Out-of-sample hedge simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed less-expensive production method. In contrast to classical risk-neutral production, which revolves around the savings account as reference unit, the long-term best-performing portfolio, the numéraire portfolio of the equity market, is employed as the fundamental reference unit in the production of the annuity. The numéraire portfolio is the strictly positive, tradable portfolio that when used as denominator or benchmark makes all benchmarked non-negative portfolios supermartingales. Under real-world valuation, the initial benchmarked value of a benchmarked contingent claim equals its real-world conditional expectation. The proposed real-world valuation and production can lead to significantly lower values of long-term annuities and their less-expensive production than suggested by the risk-neutral approach.

Fiedler, S, Ton-That, C & Phillips, MR 2023, 'Defect-free ZnO nanorods with high angular distribution for enhanced excitonic emission', Journal of Materials Research, vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 2145-2155.
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AbstractLow-temperature hydrothermal growth has emerged as a popular method for the fabrication of ZnO nanorods (NRs), increasing the functionality and utility of ZnO-based devices. In this work, we study the influence of growth time, temperature and seed layer on the dimensions and angular distribution of ZnO NRs. High-quality NRs with a crisscrossed 60° angular distribution have been grown with a 20–60 nm diameter and 600 nm length. We show that, within the ideal range of growth parameters, the growth time and temperature have no controllable influence on NR diameter and length, while the deposition method and size of the pre-growth deposited ZnO seeds affects diameter and NR angular alignment. We demonstrate advantages of using crisscross-aligned NRs over planar ZnO for the enhancement of ZnO excitonic emission by optical coupling with gold nanoparticles. These results can be readily adapted for applications that involve surface coating-mediated enhancement of both light emission and injection. Graphical abstract

Firme, GF, Hughes, DJ, Laiolo, L, Roughan, M, Suthers, IM & Doblin, MA 2023, 'Contrasting phytoplankton composition and primary productivity in multiple mesoscale eddies along the East Australian coast', Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, vol. 193, pp. 103952-103952.
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Fisher, NL, Halsey, KH, Suggett, DJ, Pombrol, M, Ralph, PJ, Lutz, A, Sogin, EM, Raina, J-B & Matthews, JL 2023, 'Light-dependent metabolic shifts in the model diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana', Algal Research, vol. 74, pp. 103172-103172.
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Fitschen, LJ, Newing, TP, Johnston, NP, Bell, CE & Tolun, G 2023, 'Half a Century After Their Discovery: Structural Insights into Exonuclease and Annealase Proteins Catalyzing Recombineering', Engineering Microbiology, pp. 100120-100120.
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Fleming, CL, Golzan, M, Gunawan, C & McGrath, KC 2023, 'Systematic and Bibliometric Analysis of Magnetite Nanoparticles and Their Applications in (Biomedical) Research', Global Challenges, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 2200009-2200009.
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AbstractRecent reports show air pollutant magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Considering various field applications of MNPs because of developments in nanotechnology, the aim of this study is to identify major trends and data gaps in research on magnetite to allow for relevant environmental and health risk assessment. Herein, a bibliometric and systematic analysis of the published magnetite literature (n = 31 567) between 1990 to 2020 is completed. Following appraisal, publications (n = 244) are grouped into four time periods with the main research theme identified for each as 1990–1997 “oxides,” 1998–2005 “ferric oxide,” 2006–2013 “pathology,” and 2014–2020 “animal model.” Magnetite formation and catalytic activity dominate the first two time periods, with the last two focusing on the exploitation of nanoparticle engineering. Japan and China have the highest number of citations for articles published. Longitudinal analysis indicates that magnetite research for the past 30 years shifted from environmental and industrial applications, to biomedical and its potential toxic effects. Therefore, whilst this study presents the research profile of different countries, the development in research on MNPs, it also reveals that further studies on the effects of MNPs on human health is much needed.

Fowler, AM, Dowling, NA, Lyle, JM, Alós, J, Anderson, LE, Cooke, SJ, Danylchuk, AJ, Ferter, K, Folpp, H, Hutt, C, Hyder, K, Lew, DK, Lowry, MB, Lynch, TP, Meadows, N, Mugerza, E, Nedreaas, K, Garrone‐Neto, D, Ochwada‐Doyle, FA, Potts, W, Records, D, Steinback, S, Strehlow, HV, Tracey, SR, Travis, MD, Tsuboi, J, Vølstad, JH & Chick, RC 2023, 'Toward sustainable harvest strategies for marine fisheries that include recreational fishing', Fish and Fisheries, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 1003-1019.
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AbstractRecreational fishing (RF) is a large yet undervalued component of fisheries globally. While progress has been made in monitoring, assessing, and managing the sector in isolation, integration of RF into the management of multi‐sector fisheries has been limited, particularly relative to the commercial sector. This marginalises recreational fishers and reduces the likelihood of achieving the sector's objectives and, more broadly, achieving fisheries sustainability. We examined the nature and extent of RF inclusion in harvest strategies (HSs) for marine fisheries across 15 regions in 11 nations to define the gap in inclusion that has developed between sectors. We focused on high‐income nations with a high level of RF governance and used a questionnaire to elicit expert knowledge on HSs due to the paucity of published documents. In total, 339 HSs were considered. We found that RF inclusion in HSs was more similar to the small‐scale sector (i.e., artisanal, cultural, or subsistence) than the commercial sector, with explicit operational objectives, data collection, performance indicators, reference points, and management controls lacking in many regions. Where specified, RF objectives focused on sustainability, economic value and catch allocation rather than directly relating to the recreational fishing experience. Conflicts with other sectors included competition with the commercial sector for limited resources, highlighting the importance of equitable resource allocation policies alongside HSs. We propose that RF be explicitly incorporated into HSs to ensure fisheries are ecologically, economically, and socially sustainable, and we recommend that fisheries organisations urgently review HSs for marine fisheries with a recreational component to close the harvest strategy gap among sectors.

Froehlich, CYM, Klanten, OS, Hing, ML, Dowton, M & Wong, MYL 2023, 'Delayed recovery and host specialization may spell disaster for coral‐fish mutualism', Ecology and Evolution, vol. 13, no. 6.
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AbstractMutualisms are prevalent in many ecosystems, yet little is known about how symbioses are affected by ecological pressures. Here, we show delayed recovery for 13 coral‐dwelling goby fishes (genus Gobiodon) compared with their host Acropora corals following four consecutive cyclones and heatwaves. While corals became twice as abundant in 3 years postdisturbances, gobies were only half as abundant relative to predisturbances and half of the goby species disappeared. Although gobies primarily occupied one coral species in greater abundance predisturbances, surviving goby species shifted hosts to newly abundant coral species when their previously occupied hosts became rare postdisturbances. As host specialization is key for goby fitness, shifting hosts may have negative fitness consequences for gobies and corals alike and affect their survival in response to environmental changes. Our study is an early sign that mutualistic partners may not recover similarly from multiple disturbances, and that goby host plasticity, while potentially detrimental, may be the only possibility for early recovery.

Fu, S, Shi, W, Luo, T, He, Y, Zhou, L, Yang, J, Yang, Z, Liu, J, Liu, X, Guo, Z, Yang, C, Liu, C, Huang, Z-L, Ries, J, Zhang, M, Xi, P, Jin, D & Li, Y 2023, 'Field-dependent deep learning enables high-throughput whole-cell 3D super-resolution imaging', Nature Methods, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 459-468.
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Gale, A, Scognamiglio, D, Zhigulin, I, Whitefield, B, Kianinia, M, Aharonovich, I & Toth, M 2023, 'Manipulating the Charge State of Spin Defects in Hexagonal Boron Nitride', Nano Letters, vol. 23, no. 13, pp. 6141-6147.
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Gallagher, CI, Frangos, ZJ, Sheipouri, D, Shimmon, S, Duman, M-N, Jayakumar, S, Cioffi, CL, Rawling, T & Vandenberg, RJ 2023, 'Novel Phenylene Lipids That Are Positive Allosteric Modulators of Glycine Receptors and Inhibitors of Glycine Transporter 2', ACS Chemical Neuroscience, vol. 14, no. 15, pp. 2634-2647.
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GBD, CRDC 2023, 'Global burden of chronic respiratory diseases and risk factors, 1990-2019: an update from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.', EClinicalMedicine, vol. 59, pp. 101936-101936.
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BACKGROUND: Updated data on chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) are vital in their prevention, control, and treatment in the path to achieving the third UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a one-third reduction in premature mortality from non-communicable diseases by 2030. We provided global, regional, and national estimates of the burden of CRDs and their attributable risks from 1990 to 2019. METHODS: Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we estimated mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), prevalence, and incidence of CRDs, i.e. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pneumoconiosis, interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis, and other CRDs, from 1990 to 2019 by sex, age, region, and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) in 204 countries and territories. Deaths and DALYs from CRDs attributable to each risk factor were estimated according to relative risks, risk exposure, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level input. FINDINGS: In 2019, CRDs were the third leading cause of death responsible for 4.0 million deaths (95% uncertainty interval 3.6-4.3) with a prevalence of 454.6 million cases (417.4-499.1) globally. While the total deaths and prevalence of CRDs have increased by 28.5% and 39.8%, the age-standardised rates have dropped by 41.7% and 16.9% from 1990 to 2019, respectively. COPD, with 212.3 million (200.4-225.1) prevalent cases, was the primary cause of deaths from CRDs, accounting for 3.3 million (2.9-3.6) deaths. With 262.4 million (224.1-309.5) prevalent cases, asthma had the highest prevalence among CRDs. The age-standardised rates of all burden measures of COPD, asthma, and pneumoconiosis have reduced globally from 1990 to 2019. Nevertheless, the age-standardised rates of incidence and prevalence of interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis have increased throughout this period. Low- and lo...

Gera, T, Chen, L, Eisfeld, A, Reimers, JR, Taffet, EJ & Raccah, DIGB 2023, 'Simulating optical linear absorption for mesoscale molecular aggregates: An adaptive hierarchy of pure states approach', The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol. 158, no. 17.
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In this paper, we present dyadic adaptive HOPS (DadHOPS), a new method for calculating linear absorption spectra for large molecular aggregates. This method combines the adaptive HOPS (adHOPS) framework, which uses locality to improve computational scaling, with the dyadic HOPS method previously developed to calculate linear and nonlinear spectroscopic signals. To construct a local representation of dyadic HOPS, we introduce an initial state decomposition that reconstructs the linear absorption spectra from a sum over locally excited initial conditions. We demonstrate the sum over initial conditions can be efficiently Monte Carlo sampled and that the corresponding calculations achieve size-invariant [i.e., O(1)] scaling for sufficiently large aggregates while trivially incorporating static disorder in the Hamiltonian. We present calculations on the photosystem I core complex to explore the behavior of the initial state decomposition in complex molecular aggregates as well as proof-of-concept DadHOPS calculations on an artificial molecular aggregate inspired by perylene bis-imide to demonstrate the size-invariance of the method.

Gertner, DS, Bishop, DP & Padula, MP 2023, 'Optimization of chromatographic buffer conditions for the simultaneous analysis of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol phosphate species in canola', Journal of Separation Science, vol. 46, no. 16.
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The phosphatidylinositols and phosphatidylinositol phosphates are a set of closely related lipids known to influence various cellular functions. Irregular distributions of these molecules have been correlated with the development and progression of multiple diseases, including Alzheimer's, bipolar disorder, and various cancers. As a result, there is continued interest regarding the speciation of these compounds, with specific consideration on how their distribution may differ between healthy and diseased tissue. The comprehensive analysis of these compounds is challenging due to their varied and unique chemical characteristics, and current generalized lipidomics methods have proven unsuitable for phosphatidylinositol analysis and remain incapable of phosphatidylinositol phosphate analysis. Here we improved upon current methods by enabling the sensitive and simultaneous analysis of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol phosphate species, whilst enhancing their characterization through chromatographic resolution between isomeric species. A 1 mM ammonium bicarbonate and ammonia buffer was determined optimal for this goal, enabling the identification of 148 phosphatidylinositide species, including 23 lyso‐phosphatidylinositols, 51 phosphatidylinositols, 59 oxidized‐phosphatidylinositols, and 15 phosphatidylinositol phosphates. As a result of this analysis, four distinct canola cultivars were differentiated based exclusively on their unique phosphatidylinositide‐lipidome, indicating analyses of this type may be of use when considering the development and progression of the disease through lipidomic profiles.

Gertner, DS, Violi, JP, Bishop, DP & Padula, MP 2023, 'Lipid Spectrum Generator: A Simple Script for the Generation of Accurate In Silico Lipid Fragmentation Spectra', Analytical Chemistry, vol. 95, no. 5, pp. 2909-2916.
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Ghorbanpour, S, Richards, C, Cole, L, McGrath, K, Warkiani, ME & McClements, L 2023, 'New 3D multicellular models of placental tissue for studying important mechanisms of preeclampsia', Placenta, vol. 140, pp. e6-e6.
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Ghorbanpour, SM, Richards, C, Pienaar, D, Sesperez, K, Aboulkheyr Es., H, Nikolic, VN, Karadzov Orlic, N, Mikovic, Z, Stefanovic, M, Cakic, Z, Alqudah, A, Cole, L, Gorrie, C, McGrath, K, Kavurma, MM, Ebrahimi Warkiani, M & McClements, L 2023, 'A placenta-on-a-chip model to determine the regulation of FKBPL and galectin-3 in preeclampsia', Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, vol. 80, no. 2.
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AbstractPreeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific cardiovascular disorder, involving significant maternal endothelial dysfunction. Although inappropriate placentation due to aberrant angiogenesis, inflammation and shallow trophoblast invasion are the root causes of preeclampsia, pathogenic mechanisms are poorly understood, particularly in early pregnancy. Here, we first confirm the abnormal expression of important vascular and inflammatory proteins, FK506-binding protein-like (FKBPL) and galectin-3 (Gal-3), in human plasma and placental tissues from women with preeclampsia and normotensive controls. We then employ a three-dimensional microfluidic placental model incorporating human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and a first trimester trophoblast cell line (ACH-3P) to investigate FKBPL and Gal-3 signaling in inflammatory conditions. In human samples, both circulating (n = 17 controls; n = 30 preeclampsia) and placental (n ≥ 6) FKBPL and Gal-3 levels were increased in preeclampsia compared to controls (plasma: FKBPL, p < 0.0001; Gal-3, p < 0.01; placenta: FKBPL, p < 0.05; Gal-3, p < 0.01), indicative of vascular dysfunction in preeclampsia. In our placenta-on-a-chip model, we show that endothelial cells are critical for trophoblast-mediated migration and that trophoblasts effectively remodel endothelial vascular networks. Inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor-α (10 ng/mL) modulates both FKBPL and Gal-3 signaling in conjunction with trophoblast migration and impairs vascular network formation (p < 0.005). Our placenta-on-a-chip recapitulates aspects of inappropriate placental development and vascular dysfunction in preeclampsia.

Gilchrist, AM, Wu, X, Hawkins, BA, Hibbs, DE & Gale, PA 2023, 'Fluorinated tetrapodal anion transporters', iScience, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 105988-105988.
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Gladding, JM, Bradfield, LA & Kendig, MD 2023, 'Diet and obesity effects on cue-driven food-seeking: insights from studies of Pavlovian-instrumental transfer in rodents and humans.', Front Behav Neurosci, vol. 17, p. 1199887.
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Our modern environment is said to be obesogenic, promoting the consumption of calorically dense foods and reducing energy expenditure. One factor thought to drive excess energy intake is the abundance of cues signaling the availability of highly palatable foods. Indeed, these cues exert powerful influences over food-related decision-making. Although obesity is associated with changes to several cognitive domains, the specific role of cues in producing this shift and on decision-making more generally, remains poorly understood. Here we review the literature examining how obesity and palatable diets affect the ability of Pavlovian cues to influence instrumental food-seeking behaviors by examining rodent and human studies incorporating Pavlovian-instrumental transfer (PIT) protocols. There are two types of PIT: (a) general PIT that tests whether cues can energize actions elicited in the pursuit of food generally, and (b) specific PIT which tests whether cues can elicit an action that earns a specific food outcome when faced with a choice. Both types of PIT have been shown to be vulnerable to alterations as a result of changes to diet and obesity. However, effects appear to be driven less by increases in body fat and more by palatable diet exposure per se. We discuss the limitations and implications of the current findings. The challenges for future research are to uncover the mechanisms underlying these alterations to PIT, which appear unrelated to excess weight itself, and to better model the complex determinants of food choice in humans.

Gladding, JM, Lingawi, NW, Leung, BK, Kendig, MD, Chieng, BC & Laurent, V 2023, 'High fat diet allows food-predictive stimuli to energize action performance in the absence of hunger, without distorting insulin signaling on accumbal cholinergic interneurons', Appetite, vol. 188, pp. 106769-106769.
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Gloag, L, Poerwoprajitno, AR, Cheong, S, Ramadhan, ZR, Adschiri, T, Gooding, JJ & Tilley, RD 2023, 'Synthesis of hierarchical metal nanostructures with high electrocatalytic surface areas', Science Advances, vol. 9, no. 2.
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3D interconnected structures can be made with molecular precision or with micrometer size. However, there is no strategy to synthesize 3D structures with dimensions on the scale of tens of nanometers, where many unique properties exist. Here, we bridge this gap by building up nanosized gold cores and nickel branches that are directly connected to create hierarchical nanostructures. The key to this approach is combining cubic crystal–structured cores with hexagonal crystal–structured branches in multiple steps. The dimensions and 3D morphology can be controlled by tuning at each synthetic step. These materials have high surface area, high conductivity, and surfaces that can be chemically modified, which are properties that make them ideal electrocatalyst supports. We illustrate the effectiveness of the 3D nanostructures as electrocatalyst supports by coating with nickel-iron oxyhydroxide to achieve high activity and stability for oxygen evolution reaction. This work introduces a synthetic concept to produce a new type of high-performing electrocatalyst support.

Goh, YF, Røder, HL, Chan, SH, Ismail, MH, Madsen, JS, Lee, KWK, Sørensen, SJ, Givskov, M, Burmølle, M, Rice, SA & McDougald, D 2023, 'Associational Resistance to Predation by Protists in a Mixed Species Biofilm.', Appl Environ Microbiol, vol. 89, no. 2, p. e0174122.
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Mixed species biofilms exhibit increased tolerance to numerous stresses compared to single species biofilms. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of grazing by the heterotrophic protist, Tetrahymena pyriformis, on a mixed species biofilm consisting of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas protegens, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Protozoan grazing significantly reduced the single species K. pneumoniae biofilm, and the single species P. protegens biofilm was also sensitive to grazing. In contrast, P. aeruginosa biofilms were resistant to predation. This resistance protected the otherwise sensitive members of the mixed species biofilm consortium. Rhamnolipids produced by P. aeruginosa were shown to be the primary toxic factor for T. pyriformis. However, a rhamnolipid-deficient mutant of P. aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa ΔrhlAB) maintained grazing resistance in the biofilm, suggesting the presence of at least one additional protective mechanism. P. aeruginosa with a deleted gene encoding the type III secretion system also resisted grazing. A transposon library was generated in the ΔrhlAB mutant to identify the additional factor involved in community biofilm protection. Results indicated that the Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal (PQS), a quorum sensing signaling molecule, was likely responsible for this effect. We confirmed this observation by showing that double mutants of ΔrhlAB and genes in the PQS biosynthetic operon lost grazing protection. We also showed that PQS was directly toxic to T. pyriformis. This study demonstrates that residing in a mixed species biofilm can be an advantageous strategy for grazing sensitive bacterial species, as P. aeruginosa confers community protection from protozoan grazing through multiple mechanisms. IMPORTANCE Biofilms have been shown to protect bacterial cells from predation by protists. Biofilm studies have traditionally used single species systems, which have provided information on the mechanisms and regulation of biofi...

Gondard, M, Lane, M, Barratt, J, Talundzic, E & Qvarnstrom, Y 2023, 'Simultaneous targeted amplicon deep sequencing and library preparation for a time and cost-effective universal parasite diagnostic sequencing approach.', Parasitol Res, vol. 122, no. 12, pp. 3243-3256.
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We recently described a targeted amplicon deep sequencing (TADS) strategy that utilizes a nested PCR targeting the 18S rDNA gene of blood-borne parasites. The assay facilitates selective digestion of host DNA by targeting enzyme restriction sites present in vertebrates but absent in parasites. This enriching of parasite-derived amplicon drastically reduces the proportion of host-derived reads during sequencing and results in the sensitive detection of several clinically important blood parasites including Plasmodium spp., Babesia spp., kinetoplastids, and filarial nematodes. Despite these promising results, high costs and the laborious nature of metagenomics sequencing are prohibitive to the routine use of this assay in most laboratories. We describe and evaluate a new metagenomic approach that utilizes a set of primers modified from our original assay that incorporates Illumina barcodes and adapters during the PCR steps. This modification makes amplicons immediately compatible with sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq platform, removing the need for a separate library preparation, which is expensive and time-consuming. We compared this modified assay to our previous nested TADS assay in terms of preparation speed, limit of detection (LOD), and cost. Our modifications reduced assay turnaround times from 7 to 5 days. The cost decreased from approximately $40 per sample to $11 per sample. The modified assay displayed comparable performance in the detection and differentiation of human-infecting Plasmodium spp., Babesia spp., kinetoplastids, and filarial nematodes in clinical samples. The LOD of this modified approach was determined for malaria parasites and remained similar to that previously reported for our earlier assay (0.58 Plasmodium falciparum parasites/µL of blood). These modifications markedly reduced costs and turnaround times, making the assay more amenable to routine diagnostic applications.

Gong, X-W, Leigh, A, Guo, J-J, Fang, L-D & Hao, G-Y 2023, 'Sand dune shrub species prioritize hydraulic integrity over transpirational cooling during an experimental heatwave', Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, vol. 336, pp. 109483-109483.
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Goodswen, SJ, Kennedy, PJ & Ellis, JT 2023, 'A guide to current methodology and usage of reverse vaccinology towards in silico vaccine discovery.', FEMS Microbiol Rev, vol. 47, no. 2, p. fuad004.
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Reverse vaccinology (RV) was described at its inception in 2000 as an in silico process that starts from the genomic sequence of the pathogen and ends with a list of potential protein and/or peptide candidates to be experimentally validated for vaccine development. Twenty-two years later, this process has evolved from a few steps entailing a handful of bioinformatics tools to a multitude of steps with a plethora of tools. Other in silico related processes with overlapping workflow steps have also emerged with terms such as subtractive proteomics, computational vaccinology, and immunoinformatics. From the perspective of a new RV practitioner, determining the appropriate workflow steps and bioinformatics tools can be a time consuming and overwhelming task, given the number of choices. This review presents the current understanding of RV and its usage in the research community as determined by a comprehensive survey of scientific papers published in the last seven years. We believe the current mainstream workflow steps and tools presented here will be a valuable guideline for all researchers wanting to apply an up-to-date in silico vaccine discovery process.

Goodswen, SJ, Kennedy, PJ & Ellis, JT 2023, 'A state-of-the-art methodology for high-throughput in silico vaccine discovery against protozoan parasites and exemplified with discovered candidates for Toxoplasma gondii.', Sci Rep, vol. 13, no. 1, p. 8243.
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Vaccine discovery against eukaryotic parasites is not trivial as highlighted by the limited number of known vaccines compared to the number of protozoal diseases that need one. Only three of 17 priority diseases have commercial vaccines. Live and attenuated vaccines have proved to be more effective than subunit vaccines but adversely pose more unacceptable risks. One promising approach for subunit vaccines is in silico vaccine discovery, which predicts protein vaccine candidates given thousands of target organism protein sequences. This approach, nonetheless, is an overarching concept with no standardised guidebook on implementation. No known subunit vaccines against protozoan parasites exist as a result of this approach, and consequently none to emulate. The study goal was to combine current in silico discovery knowledge specific to protozoan parasites and develop a workflow representing a state-of-the-art approach. This approach reflectively integrates a parasite's biology, a host's immune system defences, and importantly, bioinformatics programs needed to predict vaccine candidates. To demonstrate the workflow effectiveness, every Toxoplasma gondii protein was ranked in its capacity to provide long-term protective immunity. Although testing in animal models is required to validate these predictions, most of the top ranked candidates are supported by publications reinforcing our confidence in the approach.

Goulden, T, Bodachivskyi, I, Padula, MP & Williams, DBG 2023, 'Concentrated ionic liquids for proteomics: Caveat emptor!', International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, vol. 253, pp. 127438-127438.
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Gow, I, Smith, N, Stark, D & Ellis, J 2023, 'Molecular Detection of Neglected Tropical Diseases: The Case for Automated Near–Point-of-Care Diagnosis of Leishmaniasis', The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, vol. 108, no. 1, pp. 2-6.
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ABSTRACT. Neglected tropical diseases affect those in poorer nations disproportionately across the globe. One example of these, leishmaniasis, is a debilitating and potentially fatal parasitic infection. Molecular detection of this disease can provide accurate and fast diagnosis, and with near point-of-care technologies, detection can be provided in many health-care settings. Traditionally, the perceived limitations to such detection methods have hindered their provision to resource-limited nations, but new technologies and techniques are helping to overcome these perceptions. The current pandemic offers an opportunity to maintain and develop further advances, ensuring molecular diagnostics are accessible to all.

Gray, JM, Leys, JF, Yang, X & Zhang, M 2023, 'Monitoring of sustainable land management using remotely sensed vegetation cover and variable tolerable soil erosion targets across New South Wales, Australia', Soil Use and Management, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 849-866.
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AbstractThe monitoring of land management practices is vital for the protection of soil resource and the environment. Here, we present a new approach to monitor sustainable land management using widely available remotely sensed data, such as MODIS fractional vegetation cover data. The method is based on the concept of maintaining sufficient vegetation cover to prevent hillslope water erosion beyond tolerable soil erosion targets. The targets were based on long‐term natural erosion rates plus a small constant and are spatially and temporally variable, not static as in most reported studies to date. Where vegetation cover is more than that required to prevent nontolerable erosion under normal conditions for that calendar month, the site (pixel) is deemed to be managed sustainably. Monthly indices are then combined to form a yearly sustainable land management index (SLMI), presented as raster maps with a spatial resolution of 100 m. We explored this new method through case studies over New South Wales (NSW), Australia, over the period 2010 to 2021, with a particular examination of 2020. Results were further stratified by land uses and natural resource management regions, which revealed useful data and trends. The method is offered as an example of the potential use of readily available vegetation cover data to quantitatively assess and monitor levels of sustainable land management across landscapes. We believe it overcomes the limitations of previous methods to monitor vegetation cover and land management from remote‐sensed data alone. Other users are encouraged to adapt the broad approach to meet local requirements.

Griebel, A, Boer, MM, Blackman, C, Choat, B, Ellsworth, DS, Madden, P, Medlyn, B, Resco de Dios, V, Wujeska‐Klause, A, Yebra, M, Younes Cardenas, N & Nolan, RH 2023, 'Specific leaf area and vapour pressure deficit control live fuel moisture content', Functional Ecology, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 719-731.
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Abstract The live fuel moisture content (LFMC) is an important precondition for wildfire activity, yet it remains challenging to predict LFMC due to the dynamic interplay between atmospheric and hydrological conditions that determine the plant's access to, and loss of water. We monitored LFMC and a range of plant water‐use traits (predawn and midday leaf water potentials [Ψleaf]), leaf traits (specific leaf area [SLA]), hydrological status (soil water content [SWC] in the shallow layer and full profile) and atmospheric variables (air temperature, vapour pressure deficit [VPD], CO2 concentrations) in a mature eucalypt woodland at the Eucalyptus Free‐Air CO2 Enrichment (EucFACE) facility during a drought. We combined plant traits, hydrological status and atmospheric variables into a biophysical model to predict LFMC dynamics, and compared these with predictions of LFMC based on a satellite model and established relationships between Ψleaf and LFMC from pressure–volume curves. Predawn Ψleaf could be well predicted from changes in SWC, but variation in midday Ψleaf and LFMC were more responsive to atmospheric than hydrological variables. The biophysical model explained up to 89% of variability in LFMC and outperformed established approaches to predict LFMC. SLA was the single most important variable to predict LFMC, followed by VPD, which explained 33% of the remaining variability in LFMC. Our study demonstrates that the co‐variation of plant traits and atmospheric and hydrological conditions affect LFMC during drought, suggesting a new way forward...

Gu, H, Lam, HC, Pham, TTT & Zinder, Y 2023, 'Heuristics and meta-heuristic to solve the ROADEF/EURO challenge 2020 maintenance planning problem', Journal of Heuristics, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 139-175.
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Guan, P, Min, J, Chen, F, Zhang, S, Hu, L, Ma, Z, Han, Z, Zhou, L, Jia, H, Liu, Y, Sharma, N, Su, D, Hart, JN, Wan, T & Chu, D 2023, 'Enhancing the Electrochemical Properties of Nickel-Rich Cathode by Surface Coating with Defect-Rich Strontium Titanate', ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, vol. 15, no. 24, pp. 29308-29320.
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Guan, P, Min, J, Chen, F, Zhang, S, Zhu, Y, Liu, C, Hu, Y, Wan, T, Li, M, Liu, Y, Su, D, Hart, JN, Li, Z & Chu, D 2023, 'Dual-modification of Ni-rich cathode materials through strontium titanate coating and thermal treatment', Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol. 652, pp. 1184-1196.
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Gull, N, Arshad, F, Naikoo, GA, Hassan, IU, Pedram, MZ, Ahmad, A, Aljabali, AAA, Mishra, V, Satija, S, Charbe, N, Negi, P, Goyal, R, Serrano-Aroca, Á, Al Zoubi, MS, El-Tanani, M & Tambuwala, MM 2023, 'Recent Advances in Anticancer Activity of Novel Plant Extracts and Compounds from Curcuma longa in Hepatocellular Carcinoma', Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 368-390.
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Abstract Purpose Among all forms of cancers, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. There are several treatment options for HCC ranging from loco-regional therapy to surgical treatment. Yet, there is high morbidity and mortality. Recent research focus has shifted towards more effective and less toxic cancer treatment options. Curcumin, the active ingredient in the Curcuma longa plant, has gained widespread attention in recent years because of its multifunctional properties as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer agent. Methods A systematic search of PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar was performed for studies reporting incidence of HCC, risk factors associated with cirrhosis and experimental use of curcumin as an anti-cancer agent. Results This review exclusively encompasses the anti-cancer properties of curcumin in HCC globally and it’s postulated molecular targets of curcumin when used against liver cancers. Conclusions This review is concluded by presenting the current challenges and future perspectives of novel plant extracts derived from C. longa and the treatment options against cancers.

Gunton, H, Fowler, AM, Miller, ME, Booth, DJ & Stewart, J 2023, 'The utility of otolith-based methods for discriminating stock structure of the fishery important monacanthid, Nelusetta ayraud, over an intermediate scale', Fisheries Research, vol. 264, pp. 106715-106715.
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Guo, C, Chen, C-H, Chang, C-C, Hwang, F-J & Chang, C-C 2023, 'De-Correlation Neural Network for Synchronous Implementation of Estimation and Secrecy', IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 165-169.
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Guo, C, Chen, C-H, Hwang, F-J, Chang, C-C & Chang, C-C 2023, 'Fast Spatiotemporal Learning Framework for Traffic Flow Forecasting', IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 24, no. 8, pp. 8606-8616.
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Guo, C, Chen, C-H, Hwang, F-J, Chang, C-C & Chang, C-C 2023, 'Multi-View Spatiotemporal Learning for Traffic Forecasting', Information Sciences, pp. 119868-119868.
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Haider, MN, Khan, AZ, Usman, M, Balakrishnan, D, Javed, MR, Malik, S, Liu, C-G, Mehmood, MA & Ashraf, GA 2023, 'Impact of seasons and wastewater cultivation on the biomass and biodiesel production by the Plectonema terebrans BERC10 as a candidate for a multiproduct algal biorefinery', Fuel, vol. 332, pp. 125987-125987.
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Cyanobacteria offer efficient resource recovery and biotransformation of the wastewater-derived nutrients into valuable bioproducts. However, to achieve commercial robustness, the cultivation potential of the strain must be evaluated under outdoor conditions. The present study evaluated the potential of a filamentous cyanobacterium Plectonema terebrans BERC10 for resource recovery, wastewater treatment, and biomass production for the whole year using an outdoor open-pond cultivation system. The seasonal and nutrient variations had a strong impact on metabolites and biomass production. Accordingly, the maximum biomass production of 1.9 g/L was produced during the summer season (34–42 °C) while 1.7 g/L, 1.554 g/L, and 1.526 g/L biomass was produced during spring, fall, and winter, respectively. The strain adjusted the pH of the wastewater from 7.5 to 11, offering contamination-free cultivation with easier floatation-based harvesting due to its filamentous nature. Besides, wastewater-based outdoor cultivation diverted the metabolic fluxes towards lipid biosynthesis where it accumulated 50–63 % lipids throughout the year. In addition, a maximum of 21 % carbohydrate content was observed during the summer season, while 9.2 %, 13.11 %, and 17 % were measured in the winter, spring, and fall seasons, respectively. The 16–27 % protein content was achieved throughout the year which was shown to be correlated with the varying nitrogen concentration during different seasons. The biomass produced during all four seasons was separately subjected to cascading processing to make the process cost-effective, and 60 % lipids and 25 % proteins were recovered while the residual biomass contained fermentable carbohydrates. Moreover, the strain showed a promising wastewater treatment potential by lowering the total nitrogen by 90 %, total phosphorus by 99 %, total dissolved solids by 70 %, COD by 80 %, and BOD by 85 %. In conclusion, it exhibited remarkable adaptability to the fluctuati...

Haifer, C, Luu, LDW, Paramsothy, S, Borody, TJ, Leong, RW & Kaakoush, NO 2023, 'Microbial determinants of effective donors in faecal microbiota transplantation for UC', Gut, vol. 72, no. 1, pp. 90-100.
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ObjectiveFaecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has variable efficacy in treating UC. Recently, oral lyophilised FMT was found to induce remission in patients with UC, with one donor having 100% efficacy compared with a second donor (36% efficacy). We characterised differences in the gut microbiota of these two donors with the aim of improving FMT donor selection.DesignFaecal samples from the two donors were collected over a period of 44 (donor 1) or 70 (donor 2) weeks. The microbiome and metabolome were profiled using shotgun metagenomics and untargeted metabolomicsResultsGut microbiome long-term stability was highly evident in the effective donor. Donor microbiota species evenness was a robust feature associated with clinical efficacy across two clinical trials of FMT in UC, leading to increased donor species engraftment in patients. Alpha diversity and beta diversity of donor gut microbiotas significantly differed. 90 bacterial species and one archaeon were differentially abundant between donors, 44 of which were >0.1% in relative abundance. 17/44 species were enriched in the effective donor, 11 of which (64.7%) were assembled into high-quality genomes that were prevalent (≥75% samples) in that donor, and six showed evidence of engraftment in patients. Taxonomic differences between donors translated to substantial microbial functional differences that were validated using metabolomics.ConclusionDonor microbiota stability and species evenness were identified as novel metrics that were associated with therapeutic efficacy in UC, beyond individual microbial species or metabolites. These metrics may represent community resilience that translates to better engraftment in the host.Trial regist...

Han, N, Zhang, W, Guo, W, Pan, H, Jiang, B, Xing, L, Tian, H, Wang, G, Zhang, X & Fransaer, J 2023, 'Designing Oxide Catalysts for Oxygen Electrocatalysis: Insights from Mechanism to Application', Nano-Micro Letters, vol. 15, no. 1.
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AbstractThe electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are fundamental processes in a range of energy conversion devices such as fuel cells and metal–air batteries. ORR and OER both have significant activation barriers, which severely limit the overall performance of energy conversion devices that utilize ORR/OER. Meanwhile, ORR is another very important electrochemical reaction involving oxygen that has been widely investigated. ORR occurs in aqueous solutions via two pathways: the direct 4-electron reduction or 2-electron reduction pathways from O2 to water (H2O) or from O2 to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Noble metal electrocatalysts are often used to catalyze OER and ORR, despite the fact that noble metal electrocatalysts have certain intrinsic limitations, such as low storage. Thus, it is urgent to develop more active and stable low-cost electrocatalysts, especially for severe environments (e.g., acidic media). Theoretically, an ideal oxygen electrocatalyst should provide adequate binding to oxygen species. Transition metals not belonging to the platinum group metal-based oxides are a low-cost substance that could give a d orbital for oxygen species binding. As a result, transition metal oxides are regarded as a substitute for typical precious metal oxygen electrocatalysts. However, the development of oxide catalysts for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions still faces significant challenges, e.g., catalytic activity, stability, cost, and reaction mechanism. We discuss the fundamental principles underlying the design of oxide catalysts, including the influence of crystal structure, and electronic structure on their performance. We also discuss the challenges associated with developing oxide catalysts and the potential strategies to overcome these challenges.

Han, W, Hu, J, Su, H, Zhang, Q, Sun, B & Fan, L 2023, 'Self-supported Ni2P nanoarrays as efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction', Materials Letters, vol. 351, pp. 134998-134998.
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Hanna, T, Chadwick, S & Moret, S 2023, 'Fingermark quality assessment, a transversal study of subjective quality scales', Forensic Science International, vol. 350, pp. 111783-111783.
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Hansbro, P 2023, 'Omics technologies to study virus infection and chronic lung diseases.', Respirology, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 403-403.
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Harris, RJ, Bryant, C, Coleman, MA, Leigh, A, Briceño, VF, Arnold, PA & Nicotra, AB 2023, 'A novel and high‐throughput approach to assess photosynthetic thermal tolerance of kelp using chlorophyll α fluorometry', Journal of Phycology, vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 179-192.
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Foundation seaweed species are experiencing widespread declines and localized extinctions due to increased instability of sea surface temperature. Characterizing temperature thresholds are useful for predicting patterns of change and identifying species most vulnerable to extremes. Existing methods for characterizing seaweed thermal tolerance produce diverse metrics and are often time‐consuming, making comparisons between species and techniques difficult, hindering insight into global patterns of change. Using three kelp species, we adapted a high‐throughput method – previously used in terrestrial plant thermal biology – for use on kelps. This method employs temperature‐dependent fluorescence (T–F0) curves under heating or cooling regimes to determine the critical temperature (Tcrit) of photosystem II (PSII), i.e., the breakpoint between slow and fast rise fluorescence response to changing temperature, enabling rapid assays of photosynthetic thermal tolerance using a standardized metric. This method enables characterization of Tcrit for up to 48 samples per two‐hour assay, demonstrating the capacity of T–F0 curves for high‐throughput assays of thermal tolerance. Temperature‐dependent fluorescence curves and their derived metric, Tcrit, may offer a timely and powerful new method for the field of phycology, enabling characterization and comparison of photosynthetic thermal tolerance of seaweeds across many populations, species, and biomes.

Hasoon, MF, Jarocki, VM, Mohammed, MH, Djordjevic, SP, Yip, HYE, Carr, M, Khabiri, A, Azari, AA, Amanollahi, R, Jozani, RJ, Carracher, B, Mollinger, J, Deutscher, AT, Hemmatzadeh, F & Trott, DJ 2023, 'Antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular characteristics of Mycoplasma bovis isolated from cases of bovine respiratory disease in Australian feedlot cattle', Veterinary Microbiology, vol. 283, pp. 109779-109779.
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Hassler, GW, Magee, AF, Zhang, Z, Baele, G, Lemey, P, Ji, X, Fourment, M & Suchard, MA 2023, 'Data Integration in Bayesian Phylogenetics', Annual Review of Statistics and Its Application, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 353-377.
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Researchers studying the evolution of viral pathogens and other organisms increasingly encounter and use large and complex data sets from multiple different sources. Statistical research in Bayesian phylogenetics has risen to this challenge. Researchers use phylogenetics not only to reconstruct the evolutionary history of a group of organisms, but also to understand the processes that guide its evolution and spread through space and time. To this end, it is now the norm to integrate numerous sources of data. For example, epidemiologists studying the spread of a virus through a region incorporate data including genetic sequences (e.g., DNA), time, location (both continuous and discrete), and environmental covariates (e.g., social connectivity between regions) into a coherent statistical model. Evolutionary biologists routinely do the same with genetic sequences, location, time, fossil and modern phenotypes, and ecological covariates. These complex, hierarchical models readily accommodate both discrete and continuous data and have enormous combined discrete/continuous parameter spaces including, at a minimum, phylogenetic tree topologies and branch lengths. The increasedsize and complexity of these statistical models have spurred advances in computational methods to make them tractable. We discuss both the modeling and computational advances, as well as unsolved problems and areas of active research.

Haydon, TD, Matthews, JL, Seymour, JR, Raina, J-B, Seymour, JE, Chartrand, K, Camp, EF & Suggett, DJ 2023, 'Metabolomic signatures of corals thriving across extreme reef habitats reveal strategies of heat stress tolerance', Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol. 290, no. 1992.
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Anthropogenic stressors continue to escalate worldwide, driving unprecedented declines in reef environmental conditions and coral health. One approach to better understand how corals can function in the future is to examine coral populations that thrive within present day naturally extreme habitats. We applied untargeted metabolomics (gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS)) to contrast metabolite profiles of Pocillopora acuta colonies from hot, acidic and deoxygenated mangrove environments versus those from adjacent reefs. Under ambient temperatures, P. acuta predominantly associated with endosymbionts of the genera Cladocopium (reef) or Durusdinium (mangrove), exhibiting elevated metabolism in mangrove through energy-generating and biosynthesis pathways compared to reef populations. Under transient heat stress, P. acuta endosymbiont associations were unchanged. Reef corals bleached and exhibited extensive shifts in symbiont metabolic profiles (whereas host metabolite profiles were unchanged). By contrast, mangrove populations did not bleach and solely the host metabolite profiles were altered, including cellular responses in inter-partner signalling, antioxidant capacity and energy storage. Thus mangrove P. acuta populations resist periodically high-temperature exposure via association with thermally tolerant endosymbionts coupled with host metabolic plasticity. Our findings highlight specific metabolites that may be biomarkers of heat tolerance, providing novel insight into adaptive coral resilience to elevated temperatures.

He, Q, Liu, DL, Wang, B, Cowie, A, Simmons, A, Waters, C, Li, L, Feng, P, Li, Y, Voil, PD, Huete, A & Yu, Q 2023, 'Modelling interactions between cowpea cover crops and residue retention in Australian dryland cropping systems under climate change', Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol. 353, pp. 108536-108536.
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Healey, AJ, Scholten, SC, Yang, T, Scott, JA, Abrahams, GJ, Robertson, IO, Hou, XF, Guo, YF, Rahman, S, Lu, Y, Kianinia, M, Aharonovich, I & Tetienne, J-P 2023, 'Quantum microscopy with van der Waals heterostructures', Nature Physics, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 87-91.
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Heng, WS, Jadhav, SR, Ueland, M & Shellie, RA 2023, 'Rapid detection of Escherichia coli in dairy milk using static headspace-comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography', Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, vol. 415, no. 13, pp. 2535-2545.
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Henry, JA, Szereday, S, Lynn, CK, Suggett, DJ, Camp, EF & Patterson, JT 2023, 'Using relative return‐on‐effort scoring to evaluate a novel coral nursery in Malaysia', Restoration Ecology, vol. 31, no. 3.
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Coral reefs in Malaysia have been degraded by environmental and anthropogenic stressors, and enthusiasm for coral propagation aimed at site restoration is rapidly growing as a local management tool. However, coral propagation activities in the region are in their infancy and little data currently exists to guide and inform effective practices. We therefore established the first multi‐taxa coral tree nursery (6 species and 300 fragments) in Malaysia and tracked survival and growth to determine the relative return‐on‐effort (RRE) over an approximately 14‐month monitoring period. We observed differences in growth and survival among six coral species and were successful at benchmarking results against coral restoration operations globally and in the East Asian Seas region. Major findings include (1) overall ranges in species level survivorship of 34–94% and specific growth rate of 0.14–0.29%/day, leading to variable RRE scores among species, (2) variable growth rates among coral species based on seasonal changes in environmental conditions, (3) similar RRE scores to other nursery locations worldwide, which suggests effective practice, and (4) calculation of RRE scores for species not previously reported in nursery culture (Acropora florida, A. hoeksemai, and Echinopora horrida). Ultimately, our study supports previous findings that RRE is an effective technique for comparing coral nursery performance and offers valuable insight to guide future restoration activities in Malaysia.

Herdean, A, Hall, C, Hughes, DJ, Kuzhiumparambil, U, Diocaretz, BC & Ralph, PJ 2023, 'Temperature mapping of non-photochemical quenching in Chlorella vulgaris', Photosynthesis Research, vol. 155, no. 2, pp. 191-202.
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AbstractLight intensity and temperature independently impact all parts of the photosynthetic machinery in plants and algae. Yet to date, the vast majority of pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements have been performed at well-defined light intensities, but rarely at well-defined temperatures. In this work, we show that PAM measurements performed at various temperatures produce vastly different results in the chlorophyte Chlorella vulgaris. Using a recently developed Phenoplate technique to map quantum yield of Photosystem II (Y(II)) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) as a function of temperature, we show that the fast-relaxing NPQ follows an inverse normal distribution with respect to temperature and appears insensitive to previous temperature acclimation. The slow-relaxing or residual NPQ after 5 minutes of dark recovery follows a normal distribution similar to Y(II) but with a peak in the higher temperature range. Surprisingly, higher slow- and fast-relaxing NPQ values were observed in high-light relative to low-light acclimated cultures. Y(II) values peaked at the adaptation temperature regardless of temperature or light acclimation. Our novel findings show the complete temperature working spectrum of Y(II) and how excess energy quenching is managed across a wide range of temperatures in the model microalgal species C. vulgaris. Finally, we draw attention to the fact that the effect of the temperature component in PAM measurements has been wildly underestimated, and results from experiments at room temperature can be misleading.

Hong, KS, Lim, H-J, Lee, DH, Bae, I-H, Jeong, K-Y, Becher, C, Kim, S & Aharonovich, I 2023, 'Toward the Realization of Single-Photon Sources for Radiometry Applications at Room Temperature', IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 72, pp. 1-7.
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Hoque, MM, Espinoza-Vergara, G & McDougald, D 2023, 'Protozoan predation as a driver of diversity and virulence in bacterial biofilms', FEMS Microbiology Reviews, vol. 47, no. 4.
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Abstract Protozoa are eukaryotic organisms that play a crucial role in nutrient cycling and maintaining balance in the food web. Predation, symbiosis and parasitism are three types of interactions between protozoa and bacteria. However, not all bacterial species are equally susceptible to protozoan predation as many are capable of defending against predation in numerous ways and may even establish either a symbiotic or parasitic life-style. Biofilm formation is one such mechanism by which bacteria can survive predation. Structural and chemical components of biofilms enhance resistance to predation compared to their planktonic counterparts. Predation on biofilms gives rise to phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity in prey that leads to trade-offs in virulence in other eukaryotes. Recent advances, using molecular and genomics techniques, allow us to generate new information about the interactions of protozoa and biofilms of prey bacteria. This review presents the current state of the field on impacts of protozoan predation on biofilms. We provide an overview of newly gathered insights into (i) molecular mechanisms of predation resistance in biofilms, (ii) phenotypic and genetic diversification of prey bacteria, and (iii) evolution of virulence as a consequence of protozoan predation on biofilms.

Hoque, MM, Noorian, P, Espinoza-Vergara, G, Adhikary, S, To, J, Rice, SA & McDougald, D 2023, 'Increased iron utilization and oxidative stress tolerance in a Vibrio cholerae flrA mutant confers resistance to amoeba predation', Applied and Environmental Microbiology, p. e0109523.
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ABSTRACT The flagellar transcriptional regulator flrA initiates the regulatory cascade of flagellum synthesis in Vibrio cholerae . Previously, we observed an increase in sub-populations of V. cholerae carrying mutations in the flrA gene during long-term co-adaptation with the amoeba host Acanthamoeba castellanii . The flrA mutants exhibit increased growth and intracellular survival in the amoeba host but the molecular mechanisms were unknown. Using an in-frame deletion of flrA, here we show that the absence of flrA increases pathogen growth and induces a distinct V. cholerae transcriptomic signature during amoeba predation. Transcriptome analysis of a flrA mutant in A. castellanii revealed that several genes involved in iron acquisition and amino acid biosynthesis are highly up-regulated compared to the wild-type strain. Furthermore, we show that iron availability is crucial for the survival of V. cholerae in amoeba. We also report that V. cholerae KatB and KatG catalases confer an increased tolerance to oxidative stress. We conclude that the increased survival of the flrA mutant in amoeba is due to a combination of factors, including resistance to oxidative stress and an increased capacity to util...

Hossain, KR, Turkewitz, DR, Holt, SA, Le Brun, AP & Valenzuela, SM 2023, 'Sterol Structural Features’ Impact on the Spontaneous Membrane Insertion of CLIC1 into Artificial Lipid Membranes', Langmuir, vol. 39, no. 9, pp. 3286-3300.
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Howlett, L, Camp, EF, Edmondson, J, Hosp, R, Taylor, B, Coulthard, P & Suggett, DJ 2023, 'Active coral propagation outcomes on coral communities at high-value Great Barrier Reef tourism sites', Biological Conservation, vol. 279, pp. 109930-109930.
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Huang, X, Li, F, Wang, Y, Jia, X, Jia, N, Xiao, F, Sun, C, Fu, J, Chen, M, Cui, X, Qu, D, Wai Luu, LD, Tai, J & Li, J 2023, 'Multi-omics analysis reveals underlying host responses in pediatric respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia', iScience, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 106329-106329.
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Huang, Y, Du, Z, Bao, G, Fang, G, Cappadona, M, McClements, L, Tuch, BE, Lu, H & Xu, X 2023, 'Smart Drug-Delivery System of Upconversion Nanoparticles Coated with Mesoporous Silica for Controlled Release.', Pharmaceutics, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 89-89.
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Drug-delivery vehicles have garnered immense interest in recent years due to unparalleled progress made in material science and nanomedicine. However, the development of stimuli-responsive devices with controllable drug-release systems (DRSs) is still in its nascent stage. In this paper, we designed a two-way controlled drug-release system that can be promoted and prolonged, using the external stimulation of near-infrared light (NIR) and protein coating. A hierarchical nanostructure was fabricated using upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs)-mesoporous silica as the core-shell structure with protein lysozyme coating. The mesoporous silica shell provides abundant pores for the loading of drug molecules and a specific type of photosensitive molecules. The morphology and the physical properties of the nanostructures were thoroughly characterized. The results exhibited the uniform core-shell nanostructures of ~four UCNPs encapsulated in one mesoporous silica nanoparticle. The core-shell nanoparticles were in the spherical shape with an average size of 200 nm, average surface area of 446.54 m2/g, and pore size of 4.6 nm. Using doxorubicin (DOX), a chemotherapy agent as the drug model, we demonstrated that a novel DRS with capacity of smart modulation to promote or inhibit the drug release under NIR light and protein coating, respectively. Further, we demonstrated the therapeutic effect of the designed DRSs using breast cancer cells. The reported novel controlled DRS with dual functionality could have a promising potential for chemotherapy treatment of solid cancers.

Huang, Z, Farahmandjou, M, Marlton, F, Guo, X, Gao, H, Sun, B & Wang, G 2023, 'Surface and structure engineering of MXenes for rechargeable batteries beyond lithium', Journal of Materiomics.
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Huang, Z, Jaumaux, P, Sun, B, Guo, X, Zhou, D, Shanmukaraj, D, Armand, M, Rojo, T & Wang, G 2023, 'High-Energy Room-Temperature Sodium–Sulfur and Sodium–Selenium Batteries for Sustainable Energy Storage', Electrochemical Energy Reviews, vol. 6, no. 1.
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AbstractRechargeable room-temperature sodium–sulfur (Na–S) and sodium–selenium (Na–Se) batteries are gaining extensive attention for potential large-scale energy storage applications owing to their low cost and high theoretical energy density. Optimization of electrode materials and investigation of mechanisms are essential to achieve high energy density and long-term cycling stability of Na–S(Se) batteries. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the recent progress in Na–S(Se) batteries. We elucidate the Na storage mechanisms and improvement strategies for battery performance. In particular, we discuss the advances in the development of battery components, including high-performance sulfur cathodes, optimized electrolytes, advanced Na metal anodes and modified separators. Combined with current research achievements, this review outlines remaining challenges and clear research directions for the future development of practical high-performance Na–S(Se) batteries. Graphic Abstract

Huang, Z, Wang, S, Guo, X, Safaei, J, Lei, Y, Lai, W, Zhang, X, Sun, B, Shanmukaraj, D, Armand, M, Rojo, T & Wang, G 2023, 'A Hierarchical Hybrid MXenes Interlayer with Triple Function for Room‐Temperature Sodium‐Sulfur Batteries', Advanced Materials Technologies, vol. 8, no. 14.
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AbstractRoom temperature sodium sulfur (RT Na‐S) batteries with high theoretical energy density and low cost have recently gained extensive attention for potential large‐scale energy storage applications. However, the shuttle effect of sodium polysulfides is still the main challenge that leads to poor cycling stability, which hinders the practical application of RT Na‐S batteries. Herein, a multifunctional hybrid MXene interlayer is designed to stabilize the cycling performance of RT Na‐S batteries. The hybrid MXene interlayer comprises a large‐sized Ti3C2Tx nanosheets inner layer followed by a small‐sized Mo2Ti2C3Tx nanoflake outer layer on the surface of the glass fiber (GF) separator. The large‐sized Ti3C2Tx nanosheet inner layer provides an effective physical block and chemical confinement for the soluble polysulfides. The small‐sized Mo2Ti2C3Tx outer layer offers an excellent polysulfide trapping capability and accelerates the reaction kinetics of polysulfide conversion, due to its superior electronic conductivity, large specific surface area, and Mo‐rich catalytic surfaces. As a result, RT Na‐S batteries with this hybrid MXene interlayer modified glass fiber separator deliver a stable cycling performance over 200 cycles at 1 C with an enhanced capacity retention of 71%. This unique structure design provides a novel strategy to develop 2D material‐based functional interlayer for high‐performance metal‐sulfur batteries.

Idrees, S 2023, 'Expression of targets of the RNA-binding protein AUF-1 in human airway epithelium indicates its role in cellular senescence and inflammation', Frontiers in Immunology, vol. 14, p. 1192028.
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INTRODUCTION: The RNA-binding protein AU-rich-element factor-1 (AUF-1) participates to posttranscriptional regulation of genes involved in inflammation and cellular senescence, two pathogenic mechanisms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Decreased AUF-1 expression was described in bronchiolar epithelium of COPD patients versus controls and in vitro cytokine- and cigarette smoke-challenged human airway epithelial cells, prompting the identification of epithelial AUF-1-targeted transcripts and function, and investigation on the mechanism of its loss. RESULTS: RNA immunoprecipitation-sequencing (RIP-Seq) identified, in the human airway epithelial cell line BEAS-2B, 494 AUF-1-bound mRNAs enriched in their 3'-untranslated regions for a Guanine-Cytosine (GC)-rich binding motif. AUF-1 association with selected transcripts and with a synthetic GC-rich motif were validated by biotin pulldown. AUF-1-targets' steady-state levels were equally affected by partial or near-total AUF-1 loss induced by cytomix (TNFα/IL1β/IFNγ/10 nM each) and siRNA, respectively, with differential transcript decay rates. Cytomix-mediated decrease in AUF-1 levels in BEAS-2B and primary human small-airways epithelium (HSAEC) was replicated by treatment with the senescence- inducer compound etoposide and associated with readouts of cell-cycle arrest, increase in lysosomal damage and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors, and with AUF-1 transfer in extracellular vesicles, detected by transmission electron microscopy and immunoblotting. Extensive in-silico and genome ontology analysis found, consistent with AUF-1 functions, enriched RIP-Seq-derived AUF-1-targets in COPD-related pathways involved in inflammation, senescence, gene regulation and also in the public SASP proteome atlas; AUF-1 target signature was also significantly represented in multiple transcriptomic COPD databases generated from primary HSAEC, from lung tissue and from single-cell RNA-sequenci...

Idrees, S, Paudel, KR, Sadaf, T & Hansbro, P 2023, 'How different viruses perturb host cellular machinery via short linear motifs', EXCLI Journal : Experimental and Clinical Sciences, vol. 22, pp. 1113-1128.
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The virus interacts with its hosts by developing protein-protein interactions. Most viruses employ protein interactions to imitate the host protein: A viral protein with the same amino acid sequence or structure as the host protein attaches to the host protein's binding partner and interferes with the host protein's pathways. Being opportunistic, viruses have evolved to manipulate host cellular mechanisms by mimicking short linear motifs. In this review, we shed light on the current understanding of mimicry via short linear motifs and focus on viral mimicry by genetically different viral subtypes by providing recent examples of mimicry evidence and how high-throughput methods can be a reliable source to study SLiM-mediated viral mimicry.

Ikram, M & Mahmud, MAP 2023, 'Advanced triboelectric nanogenerator-driven drug delivery systems for targeted therapies', Drug Delivery and Translational Research, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 54-78.
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Ikram, M, Ilyas, B, Haider, A, Haider, J, Ul‐Hamid, A, Shahzadi, A, Goumri‐Said, S, Kanoun, MB, Nabgan, W & Mahmood, A 2023, 'Fabrication of La‐Doped MoS₂ Nanosheets with Tuned Bandgap for Dye Degradation and Antimicrobial Activities, Experimental and Computational Investigations', Advanced Materials Interfaces, vol. 10, no. 14.
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AbstractThe development of efficient catalysts with a large number of active sites, tunable bandgap, and large surface area has been very challenging. In addition, a significant bottleneck in the application of catalysts for water treatment is their dissolution under extreme conditions, such as highly acidic or highly alkaline conditions that lead to poor application of the reported materials in real‐world applications. In this study, the lanthanum (La)‐doped molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets are reported for efficient breakdown of toxic pollutants from wastewater under a wide pH range from strongly alkaline to strongly acidic solutions. The La‐MoS2 nanosheets (NSs) are prepared by a facile hydrothermal approach using a two‐step methodology. A redshift is observed upon La doping, indicating that the bandgap is lowered after La doping in MoS2. The changes in bandgap and electronic structure are further investigated using the density functional theory (DFT), which reveal that doping of La introduces new states within the bandgap region, allowing for further induced energy transitions. The La‐MoS2, having a doping concentration of 2%, exhibits the highest catalytic activity against methylene blue (MB) in neutral, acidic, and alkaline solutions, as well as substantial inhibitory activity for bacterial strains such as Escherichia coli (E. coli). In summary, the modified catalyst provides a pathway to design highly efficient catalysts for all pH range water treatment as well as good activity against microbes.

Irga, P, Fleck, R, Wooster, E, Rojahn, J, Torpy, F & Irga, P 2023, 'Biosolar green roofs – achieving biodiversity outcomes and solar power on the same roof, at the same time', Research Matters Newsletter of the Australian Flora Foundation, vol. 38, pp. 2-8.
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Urban green spaces, such as parks and vegetation along roadsides, are readily recognisable examples of ecologically significant urban green areas. However, with growing human populations and limited space in cities, there is a rising trend for the adoption of space-efficient green solutions such as green roofs and green walls. While the ecological importance of residential and roadside vegetation is acknowledged in terms of supporting biodiversity, the impact of urban green roofs on biodiversity is still not well understood. Additionally, green roofs play a role in regulating urban ambient temperatures, thereby enhancing the efficiency of solar panels by creating favourable conditions for energy production. There is a compelling correlation between the performance of photovoltaic panels (PV) and the negative impacts of rising ambient temperatures in their vicinity. What may come as a surprise to some is that as surfaces of solar panels heat up beyond 25°C, panel efficiency decreases. Green roofs have the potential to lower ambient temperatures around solar panels through evapotranspiration, thereby maximising the power output of PV systems.

Irga, P, Wooster, E, Torpy, F, Rojahn, J & Fleck, R 2023, 'A green roof or rooftop solar? You can combine them in a biosolar roof, boosting both biodiversity and power output'.
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Growing city populations and limited space are driving the adoption of green roofs and green walls covered with living plants. As well as boosting biodiversity, green roofs could play another unexpectedly valuable role by increasing the electricity output of solar panels.As solar panels heat up beyond 25℃, their efficiency decreases markedly. Green roofs moderate rooftop temperatures. So we wanted to find out: could green roofs help with the problem of heat reducing the output of solar panels?Our research compared a “biosolar” green roof – one that combines a solar system with a green roof – and a comparable conventional roof with an equivalent solar system. We measured the impacts on biodiversity and solar output, as well as how the plants coped with having panels installed above them.The green roof supported much more biodiversity, as one might expect. By reducing average maximum temperatures by about 8℃, it increased solar generation by as much as 107% during peak periods. And while some plant species outperformed others, the vegetation flourished.

Ishida, H, John, U, Murray, SA, Bhattacharya, D & Chan, CX 2023, 'Developing model systems for dinoflagellates in the post‐genomic era', Journal of Phycology, vol. 59, no. 5, pp. 799-808.
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AbstractDinoflagellates are a diverse group of eukaryotic microbes that are ubiquitous in aquatic environments. Largely photosynthetic, they encompass symbiotic, parasitic, and free‐living lineages with a broad spectrum of trophism. Many free‐living taxa can produce bioactive secondary metabolites such as biotoxins, some of which cause harmful algal blooms. In contrast, most symbiotic species are crucial for sustaining coral reef health. The year 2023 marked a decade since the first genome data of dinoflagellates became available. The growing genome‐scale resources for these taxa are highlighting their remarkable evolutionary and genomic complexities. Here, we discuss the prospect of developing dinoflagellate models using the criteria of accessibility, tractability, resources, research support, and promise. Moving forward in the post‐genomic era, we argue for the development of fit‐to‐purpose models that tailor to specific biological contexts, and that a one‐size‐fits‐all model is inadequate for encapsulating the complex biology, ecology, and evolutionary history of dinoflagellates.

Jacobson, DK, Peterson, AC, Qvarnstrom, Y & Barratt, JLN 2023, 'Novel insights on the genetic population structure of human-infecting Cyclospora spp. and evidence for rapid subtype selection among isolates from the USA.', Curr Res Parasitol Vector Borne Dis, vol. 4, p. 100145.
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Human-infecting Cyclospora was recently characterized as three species, two of which (C. cayetanensis and C. ashfordi) are currently responsible for all known human infections in the USA, yet much remains unknown about the genetic structure within these two species. Here, we investigate Cyclospora genotyping data from 2018 through 2022 to ascertain if there are temporal patterns in the genetic structure of Cyclospora parasites that cause infections in US residents from year to year. First, we investigate three levels of genetic characterization: species, subpopulation, and strain, to elucidate annual trends in Cyclospora infections. Next, we determine if shifts in genetic diversity can be linked to any of the eight loci used in our Cyclospora genotyping approach. We observed fluctuations in the abundance of Cyclospora types at the species and subpopulation levels, but no significant temporal trends were identified; however, we found recurrent and sporadic strains within both C. ashfordi and C. cayetanensis. We also uncovered major shifts in the mitochondrial genotypes in both species, where there was a universal increase in abundance of a specific mitochondrial genotype that was relatively abundant in 2018 but reached near fixation (was observed in over 96% of isolates) in C. ashfordi by 2022. Similarly, this allele jumped from 29% to 82% relative abundance of isolates belonging to C. cayetanensis. Overall, our analysis uncovers previously unknown temporal-genetic patterns in US Cyclospora types from 2018 through 2022 and is an important step to presenting a clearer picture of the factors influencing cyclosporiasis outbreaks in the USA.

Jain, SK, Syed, N, Balendhran, S, Abbas, SAT, Ako, RT, Low, MX, Lobo, C, Zavabeti, A, Murdoch, BJ, Gupta, G, Bhaskaran, M, Crozier, KB, Russo, SP, Daeneke, T & Walia, S 2023, 'Atomically Thin Gallium Nitride for High‐Performance Photodetection', Advanced Optical Materials, vol. 11, no. 15.
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AbstractGallium nitride (GaN) technology has matured and commercialised for optoelectronic devices in the ultraviolet (UV) spectrum over the last few decades. Simultaneously, atomically thin materials with unique features have emerged as contenders for device miniaturization. However, the lack of successful techniques to produce ultra‐thin GaN prevents access to these new predicted properties. Here, this important gap is addressed by printing millimeter‐large ultra‐thin GaN nanosheets (NS) (≈1.4 nm) using a simple two‐step process that simultaneously introduces nitrogen point defects. This extends the photoelectrical spectral response from UV (280 nm) to near infrared (NIR) (1080 nm). The GaN‐based photodetectors display excellent figures of merit, having a responsivity (2.72 × 104 A W−1) up to four orders of magnitude higher than the commercial photodetectors at room temperature, despite being 102–103 times thinner. The photodetectors exhibit fast switching, with rise and decay time in the range of microseconds. The state‐of‐the‐art device performance originates from the ultra‐thin nature of GaN NS coupled with nitrogen point vacancies in the synthesis process. This work presents the opportunity to significantly expand the reach of GaN semiconductor technology and may lead to applications in high‐performance miniaturized imaging systems, spectroscopy, communication, and integrated optoelectronic circuits.

Jang, A, Lee, J, Donahue, C, Coggin-Carr, D, Cummings, M, Trinh, K, Lee, MS, Wieland, S, Zaslawski, C, Prokop, L & Shin, JS 2023, 'Perspectives and Ideas to Advance Integrative Medicine and Healthcare: Proceedings of the 4th Annual Jaseng Academic Conference', Perspectives on Integrative Medicine, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 190-194.
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The 4^th Annual Jaseng Academic conference (August 13, 2023) in Seoul, South Korea, was a pivotal event in the realm of integrative medicine. Cohosted by Jaseng Hospital of Korean Medicine and Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, over 500 professionals including Korean medicine doctors, medical doctors, doctors of osteopathic medicine, acupuncturists, researchers, and students gathered at the conference. The theme, “Perspectives on Integrative Medicine,” marked a departure from previous conference themes and embraced a multidisciplinary approach to healthcare. The event highlighted the importance of holistic patient care and cross-disciplinary collaboration within healthcare. It offered a comprehensive overview of the current state of integrative medicine approaches in manual medicine, evidence-based acupuncture treatment, and acupuncture research. The Annual Jaseng Academic conference continues to serve as a platform for healthcare professionals to exchange ideas and perspectives, and bridges the gap between diverse medical systems to promote improved patient outcome and wellbeing.

Jaumaux, P, Wang, S, Zhao, S, Sun, B & Wang, G 2023, 'Electrolyte Solvation Structure Design for High Voltage Zinc‐Based Hybrid Batteries', ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS, vol. 6, no. 4.
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Zinc (Zn) metal anodes have enticed substantial curiosity for large‐scale energy storage owing to inherent safety, high specific and volumetric energy capacities of Zn metal anodes. However, the aqueous electrolyte traditionally employed in Zn batteries suffers severe decomposition due to the narrow voltage stability window. Herein, we introduce N‐methylformamide (NMF) as an organic solvent and modulate the solvation structure to obtain a stable organic/aqueous hybrid electrolyte for high‐voltage Zn batteries. NMF is not only extremely stable against Zn metal anodes but also reduces the free water molecule availability by creating numerous hydrogen bonds, thereby accommodating high‐voltage Zn‖LiMn2O4 batteries. The introduction of NMF prevented hydrogen evolution reaction and promoted the creation of an F‐rich solid electrolyte interphase, which in turn hampered dendrite growth on Zn anodes. The Zn‖LiMn2O4 full cells delivered a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.7% over 400 cycles.

Jelocnik, M, White, RT, Clune, T, O’Connell, J, Foxwell, J, Hair, S, Besier, S, Tom, L, Phillips, N, Robbins, A, Bogema, D, Vaz, PK, Legione, AR, Jenkins, C & Jacobson, C 2023, 'Molecular characterisation of the Australian and New Zealand livestock Chlamydia pecorum strains confirms novel but clonal ST23 in association with ovine foetal loss', Veterinary Microbiology, vol. 283, pp. 109774-109774.
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Jha, SK, Imran, M, Jha, LA, Hasan, N, Panthi, VK, Paudel, KR, Almalki, WH, Mohammed, Y & Kesharwani, P 2023, 'Current progress in pharmacokinetic studies of vaccines: Impact of carrier, ADME and its modulation on immune responses', Environmental Research, vol. 236, pp. 116823-116823.
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Jiang, T, Li, X, Li, T, Lin, G, Liu, H, Jin, D & Jiang, L 2023, 'Ultra‐Fast Wetting of the Fresh Popcorn', Advanced Functional Materials, vol. 33, no. 14, pp. 2213036-2213036.
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AbstractWithout chewing, the fresh popcorn dissolves immediately upon being put in the mouth. Such good taste decay dramatically with increasing the exposure time in air, especially in humid air. However, the involving mechanism of the saliva wetting the popcorn remains unclear. Here, it is revealed that the ultra‐fast wetting property of the fresh popcorn is the key for its good taste. For the fresh popcorn, the unique 3D throughout micro‐porous structure facilitates capillary flows both in‐plane and off‐plane at micro‐/nano‐ scale, and the water‐soluble crystalized starch further prompts the water spreading, which cooperatively leads to an immediate structural collapse. The unique ultra‐fast wetting of the fresh popcorn is therefore featured as the wetting with dissolving. After cooling down, the crystalized starch changes gradually into an insoluble amorphous state by absorbing water molecule, as is confirmed by the in situ XRD and infrared spectroscopy. As a result, the ultra‐fast wetting decays drastically with prolonging the in‐air exposure time, as well as the taste, which makes immediate cooking vital for the good taste. It is demonstrated that heating can partially restore the ultra‐fast wetting. It is envisioned that the result will inspire the innovative micro‐fabrication of various starch food by engineering the starch crystalline structure.

Johnson, L, Lei, P, Waters, L, Padula, MP & Marks, DC 2023, 'Identification of platelet subpopulations in cryopreserved platelet components using multi-colour imaging flow cytometry.', Sci Rep, vol. 13, no. 1, p. 1221.
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Cryopreservation of platelets, at  - 80 °C with 5-6% DMSO, results in externalisation of phosphatidylserine and the formation of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which may mediate their procoagulant function. The phenotypic features of procoagulant platelets overlap with other platelet subpopulations. The aim of this study was to define the phenotype of in vitro generated platelet subpopulations, and subsequently identify the subpopulations present in cryopreserved components. Fresh platelet components (n = 6 in each group) were either unstimulated as a source of resting platelets; or stimulated with thrombin and collagen to generate a mixture of aggregatory and procoagulant platelets; calcium ionophore (A23187) to generate procoagulant platelets; or ABT-737 to generate apoptotic platelets. Platelet components (n = 6) were cryopreserved with DMSO, thawed and resuspended in a unit of thawed plasma. Multi-colour panels of fluorescent antibodies and dyes were used to identify the features of subpopulations by imaging flow cytometry. A combination of annexin-V (AnnV), CD42b, and either PAC1 or CD62P was able to distinguish the four subpopulations. Cryopreserved platelets contained procoagulant platelets (AnnV+/PAC1-/CD42b+/CD62P+) and a novel population (AnnV+/PAC1-/CD42b+/CD62P-) that did not align with the phenotype of aggregatory (AnnV-/PAC1+/CD42b+/CD62P+) or apoptotic (AnnV+/PAC1-/CD42b-/CD62P-) subpopulations. These data suggests that the enhanced haemostatic potential of cryopreserved platelets may be due to the cryo-induced development of procoagulant platelets, and that additional subpopulations may exist.

Johnston, NP, Piwczyński, M, Trzeciak, P, Walczak, K & Szpila, K 2023, 'Integration of mitogenomic and morphological data disentangles the systematics of Pollenia and establishes a revised phylogenetic hypothesis for the Polleniidae', Systematic Entomology, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 296-315.
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AbstractThe Polleniidae (Diptera) are a family of flies best known for species of the genus Pollenia, which overwinter inside human dwellings. Previously divided across the Calliphoridae, Tachinidae and Rhinophoridae, the polleniid genera have only recently been united. Several studies have utilized molecular data to analyse polleniid phylogenetic relationships, although all have suffered from low taxon sampling or insufficient phylogenetic signal in molecular markers. To alleviate these problems, we utilized two automated organellar genome extraction software, GetOrganelle and MitoFinder, to assemble mitogenomes from genome skimming data from 22 representatives of the polleniid genera: Dexopollenia, Melanodexia, Morinia, Pollenia and Xanthotryxus. From these analyses, we provide 14 new mitogenomes for the Polleniidae and perform phylogenetic analyses of 13 protein‐coding mitochondrial genes using both maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. Subfamilial phylogenetic relationships within the Polleniidae are interrogated and Pollenia is found to form a monophyletic clade sister to Melanodexia, Morinia and Dexopollenia, providing no evidence for the synonymisation of any of these genera. Our topology conflicts with previous morphology‐based cladistic interpretations, with the amentaria, griseotomentosa, semicinerea and viatica species‐groups resolving as non‐monophyletic. We provide support for our topology through analysis of adult morphology and male and female terminalia, while identifying new diagnostic characters for some of the clades of the Pollenia. To test the validity of the current diagnostic morphology in the Polleniidae, newly...

Jones, C, Xavier, J, Vartabi Kashanian, S, Nguyen, M, Aharonovich, I & Vollmer, F 2023, 'Time-dependent Mandel Q parameter analysis for a hexagonal boron nitride single photon source', Optics Express, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 10794-10794.
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The time-dependent Mandel Q parameter, Q(T), provides a measure of photon number variance for a light source as a function of integration time. Here, we use Q(T) to characterise single photon emission from a quantum emitter in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). Under pulsed excitation a negative Q parameter was measured, indicating photon antibunching at an integration time of 100 ns. For larger integration times Q is positive and the photon statistics become super-Poissonian, and we show by comparison with a Monte Carlo simulation for a three-level emitter that this is consistent with the effect of a metastable shelving state. Looking towards technological applications for hBN single photon sources, we propose that Q(T) provides valuable information on the intensity stability of single photon emission. This is useful in addition to the commonly used g(2)(τ) function for the complete characterisation of a hBN emitter.

JOSHUA, S, NASSIF, NT & SIMPSON, AM 2023, '903-P: Correlation of Gene Expression and Cellular Pathways in Insulin-Expressing Mouse Liver Cells Transduced with an Integrating Adeno-associated Viral Vector (AAV)', Diabetes, vol. 72, no. Supplement_1.
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Gene therapy is being considered as a treatment/cure for type 1 diabetes (T1D). Previously we used a clinically-applicable AAV to deliver furin cleavable insulin (INS-FUR) to the livers of diabetic non-obese diabetic mice. The traditional AAV8 that allows predominantly episomal expression, and the hybrid AAV8/piggyBac that results in transgene integration into the host genome were used. Euglycaemia was achieved in mice (n=4) that received AAV8/piggyBac-INS-FUR, but not in mice that received AAV8-INS-FUR. In the current study global transcriptomic profiling was carried out, by total RNA sequencing, to compare the key pathways modulated in hepatocytes that reversed diabetes with those that did not. Using Qiagen CLC Workbench, significant genes were identified based on fold change expression cut offs of, and a false discovery rate p-value of &lt;0.05. Selected genes were mapped onto the various cellular pathways using Qiagen Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software to determine trends in pathway activation/ inactivation related to the altered gene expression. IPA analysis showed that the canonical pathways identified between the treatments remained largely the same, however their downstream biological processes differed. Key canonical pathways identified include pathways related to insulin signalling, glucose and lipid metabolism. Key pathway players identified as significantly altered in the comparative treatments included insulin, major histocompatibility complex class I, A, glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1 and insulin like growth factor binding protein 1. The profile of AAV8/piggyBac-INS-FUR transduced mouse livers resembled that of a normal liver compared to livers transduced with AAV8-INS-FUR. This study confirms the correlation of transcriptomic data mapping and has identified differences in the cellular effects of both vector systems used to deliver INS-FUR for T1D treatment.

Kang, JWM, Keay, KA, Kendig, MD, Corbit, LH & Mor, D 2023, 'Serotonin and Dopamine Show Different Response Profiles to Acute Stress in the Nucleus Accumbens and Medial Prefrontal Cortex of Rats with Neuropathic Pain.', Neurochem Res, vol. 48, no. 7, pp. 2265-2280.
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The ability to adaptively guide behaviour requires the integration of external information with internal motivational factors. Decision-making capabilities can be impaired by acute stress and is often exacerbated by chronic pain. Chronic neuropathic pain patients often present with cognitive dysfunction, including impaired decision-making. The mechanisms underlying these changes are not well understood but may include altered monoaminergic transmission in the brain. In this study we investigated the relationships between dopamine, serotonin, and their metabolites in key brain regions that regulate motivated behaviour and decision-making. The neurochemical profiles of the medial prefrontal cortex, orbital prefrontal cortex, and nucleus accumbens were analysed using HPLC in rats that received a chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the right sciatic nerve and an acute stress (15-min restraint), prior to an outcome devaluation task. CCI alone significantly decreased dopamine but not serotonin concentrations in the medial prefrontal cortex. By contrast, restraint stress acutely increased dopamine in the medial prefrontal cortex, and the nucleus accumbens; and increased serotonin in the medial prefrontal cortex 2 h later. The sustained dopaminergic and serotonergic responses to acute stress highlight the importance of an animal's ability to mount an effective coping response. In addition, these data suggest that the impact of nerve injury and acute stress on outcome-devaluation occurs independently of dopaminergic and serotonergic transmission in the medial prefrontal cortex, orbital prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens of rats.

Kang, Y, Xu, J, Meng, L, Su, Y, Fang, H, Liu, J, Cheng, YY, Jiang, D, Nie, Y & Song, K 2023, '3D bioprinting of dECM/Gel/QCS/nHAp hybrid scaffolds laden with mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes to improve angiogenesis and osteogenesis', Biofabrication, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 024103-024103.
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Abstract Craniofacial bone regeneration is a coupled process of angiogenesis and osteogenesis, which, associated with infection, still remains a challenge in bone defects after trauma or tumor resection. 3D tissue engineering scaffolds with multifunctional-therapeutic properties can offer many advantages for the angiogenesis and osteogenesis of infected bone defects. Hence, in the present study, a microchannel networks-enriched 3D hybrid scaffold composed of decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM), gelatin (Gel), quaterinized chitosan (QCS) and nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp) (dGQH) was fabricated by an extrusion 3D bioprinting technology. And enlightened by the characteristics of natural bone microstructure and the demands of vascularized bone regeneration, the exosomes (Exos) isolated from human adipose derived stem cells as angiogenic and osteogenic factors were then co-loaded into the desired dGQH20 hybrid scaffold based on an electrostatic interaction. The results of the hybrid scaffolds performance characterization showed that these hybrid scaffolds exhibited an interconnected pore structure and appropriate degradability (>61% after 8 weeks of treatment), and the dGQH20 hybrid scaffold displayed the highest porosity (83.93 ± 7.38%) and mechanical properties (tensile modulus: 62.68 ± 10.29 MPa, compressive modulus: 16.22 ± 3.61 MPa) among the dGQH hybrid scaffolds. Moreover, the dGQH20 hybrid scaffold presented good antibacterial activities (against 94.90 ± 2.44% of Escherichia coli and 95.41 ± 2.65% of Staphylococcus aureus, respectively) as well as excellent hemocompatibility and biocompatibility. Furthermore, the results of applying the Exos to the dGQH20 hybrid scaffold showed that the Exo promoted the cell attachment and proliferation on the scaffold, and also...

Kannaujiya, VK, De, RG, Paudel, KR, Manandhar, B, Chellappan, DK, Singh, SK, MacLoughlin, R, Gupta, G, Xenaki, D, Kumar, P, Hansbro, PM, Oliver, BGG, Wich, PR & Dua, K 2023, 'Anticancer activity of NFκB decoy oligonucleotide-loaded nanoparticles against human lung cancer', Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, vol. 82, pp. 104328-104328.
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Kapellos, TS, Baßler, K, Fujii, W, Nalkurthi, C, Schaar, AC, Bonaguro, L, Pecht, T, Galvao, I, Agrawal, S, Saglam, A, Dudkin, E, Frishberg, A, de, DE, Horne, A, Donovan, C, Kim, RY, Gallego-Ortega, D, Gillett, TE, Ansari, M, Schulte-Schrepping, J, Offermann, N, Antignano, I, Sivri, B, Lu, W, Eapen, MS, van, UM, Osei-Sarpong, C, van, DBM, Donker, HC, Groen, HJM, Sohal, SS, Klein, J, Schreiber, T, Feißt, A, Yildirim, A, Schiller, HB, Nawijn, MC, Becker, M, Händler, K, Beyer, M, Capasso, M, Ulas, T, Hasenauer, J, Pizarro, C, Theis, FJ, Hansbro, PM, Skowasch, D & Schultze, JL 2023, 'Systemic alterations in neutrophils and their precursors in early-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.', Cell Rep, vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 112525-112525.
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Systemic inflammation is established as part of late-stage severe lung disease, but molecular, functional, and phenotypic changes in peripheral immune cells in early disease stages remain ill defined. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major respiratory disease characterized by small-airway inflammation, emphysema, and severe breathing difficulties. Using single-cell analyses we demonstrate that blood neutrophils are already increased in early-stage COPD, and changes in molecular and functional neutrophil states correlate with lung function decline. Assessing neutrophils and their bone marrow precursors in a murine cigarette smoke exposure model identified similar molecular changes in blood neutrophils and precursor populations that also occur in the blood and lung. Our study shows that systemic molecular alterations in neutrophils and their precursors are part of early-stage COPD, a finding to be further explored for potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers for early diagnosis and patient stratification.

Kargi, C, Dehollain, JP, Sieberer, LM, Henriques, F, Olsacher, T, Hauke, P, Heyl, M, Zoller, P & Langford, NK 2023, 'Quantum Chaos and Universal Trotterisation Behaviours in Digital Quantum Simulations', Quantum.
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Keen, B, Cawley, A, Reedy, B, Noble, G, Loy, J & Fu, S 2023, '3-Methoxytyrosine as an indicator of dopaminergic manipulation in equine plasma', Journal of Chromatography B, vol. 1220, pp. 123652-123652.
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Kendig, MD, Hasebe, K, Tajaddini, A, Kaakoush, NO, Westbrook, RF & Morris, MJ 2023, 'The Benefits of Switching to a Healthy Diet on Metabolic, Cognitive, and Gut Microbiome Parameters Are Preserved in Adult Rat Offspring of Mothers Fed a High‐Fat, High‐Sugar Diet', Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 2200318-2200318.
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ScopeMaternal obesity increases the risk of health complications in children, highlighting the need for effective interventions. A rat model of maternal obesity to examine whether a diet switch intervention could reverse the adverse effects of an unhealthy postweaning diet is used.Methods and resultsMale and female offspring born to dams fed standard chow or a high‐fat, high‐sugar “cafeteria” (Caf) diet are weaned onto chow or Caf diets until 22 weeks of age, when Caf‐fed groups are switched to chow for 5 weeks. Adiposity, gut microbiota composition, and place recognition memory are assessed before and after the switch. Body weight and adiposity fall in switched groups but remain significantly higher than chow‐fed controls. Nonetheless, the diet switch improves a deficit in place recognition memory observed in Caf‐fed groups, increases gut microbiota species richness, and alters β diversity. Modeling indicate that adiposity most strongly predicts gut microbiota composition before and after the switch.ConclusionMaternal obesity does not alter the effects of switching diet on metabolic, microbial, or cognitive measures. Thus, a healthy diet intervention lead to major shifts in body weight, adiposity, place recognition memory, and gut microbiota composition, with beneficial effects preserved in offspring born to obese dams.

Kendig, MD, Leigh, S, Hasebe, K, Kaakoush, NO, Westbrook, RF & Morris, MJ 2023, 'Obesogenic Diet Cycling Produces Graded Effects on Cognition and Microbiota Composition in Rats', Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, vol. 67, no. 12.
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ScopeThe effects of diet cycling on cognition and fecal microbiota are not well understood.Method and ResultsAdult male Sprague‐Dawley rats were cycled between a high‐fat, high‐sugar “cafeteria” diet (Caf) and regular chow. The impairment in place recognition memory produced by 16 days of Caf diet was reduced by switching to chow for 11 but not 4 days. Next, rats received 16 days of Caf diet in 2, 4, 8, or 16‐day cycles, each separated by 4‐day chow cycles. Place recognition memory declined from baseline in all groups and was impaired in the 16‐ versus 2‐day group. Finally, rats received 24 days of Caf diet continuously or in 3‐day cycles separated by 2‐ or 4‐day chow cycles. Any Caf diet access impaired cognition and increased adiposity relative to controls, without altering hippocampal gene expression. Place recognition and adiposity were the strongest predictors of global microbiota composition. Overall, diets with higher Caf > chow ratios produced greater spatial memory impairments and larger shifts in gut microbiota species richness and beta diversity.ConclusionResults suggest that diet‐induced cognitive deficits worsen in proportion to unhealthy diet exposure, and that shifting to a healthy chow for at least a week is required for recovery under the conditions tested here.

Khan, F, Malik, S, Shahid, A, Siddiqui, AJ, Musharraf, SG, Zhu, H, Alkhattabi, NA, Gull, M & Mehmood, MA 2023, 'Characterization of a newly isolated cyanobacterium Trichocoleus desertorum BERC08 as a potential feedstock for the algal biorefinery', Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 5283-5294.
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Cyanobacteria have numerous biotechnological applications in the environment, industry, pharmaceutics, food, feed, and energy which is why future cascading biorefineries are believed to employ cyanobacteria as their feedstock. The present study evaluated the potential of a newly isolated cyanobacterium for its applications in the multiproduct biorefinery. Based on morphology and the gene sequence of 23S rRNA, the strain was identified as Trichocoleus desertorum. Various abiotic growth factors including light, pH, and nutrients were optimized to achieve enhanced biomass production using various wastewaters as low-cost growth media. Accordingly, a 2.24-fold to 6.97-fold higher biomass production (gL-1) and biomass productivity of 0.86 gL-1d-1 with a CO2 fixation rate of 1.576 gL-1d-1 was achieved when cultured in synthetic wastewater. Besides, the impact of wastewater cultivation was studied on the biosynthesis of valuable metabolites including proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and pigments. Accordingly, the lipid content of the wastewater-cultivated strain was increased from 24 to 30%, and protein content was increased from 27 to 46%. The lipids were trans-esterified to biodiesel which was turned out to be good quality biodiesel, as revealed through GC-MS analysis. Additionally, the wastewater-cultivated strain produced 117.35 mgg-1 (11.73 % of the total dried biomass) of phycobilin in response to nutrient manipulation, where phycocyanin was shown to be the most prominent pigment with a yield of 94.7 mgg-1, which covered 80% of the total pigments. These remarkable features reflected the promising potential of this strain to be employed as a feedstock in the multiproduct biorefinery.

Khan, K, Tareen, AK, Iqbal, M, Ye, Z, Xie, Z, Mahmood, A, Mahmood, N & Zhang, H 2023, 'Recent Progress in Emerging Novel MXenes Based Materials and their Fascinating Sensing Applications', Small, vol. 19, no. 19, pp. 2206147-2206147.
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AbstractEarly transition metals based 2D carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides nanomaterials are known as MXenes, a novel and extensive new class of 2D materials family. Since the first accidently synthesis based discovery of Ti3C2 in 2011, more than 50 additional compositions have been experimentally reported, including at least eight distinct synthesis methods and also more than 100 stoichiometries are theoretically studied. Due to its distinctive surface chemistry, graphene like shape, metallic conductivity, high hydrophilicity, outstanding mechanical and thermal properties, redox capacity and affordable with mass‐produced nature, this diverse MXenes are of tremendous scientific and technological significance. In this review, first we'll come across the MXene based nanomaterials possible synthesis methods, their advantages, limitations and future suggestions, new chemistry related to their selected properties and potential sensing applications, which will help us to explain why this family is growing very fast as compared to other 2D families. Secondly, problems that help to further improve commercialization of the MXene nanomaterials based sensors are examined, and many advances in the commercializing of the MXene nanomaterials based sensors are proposed. At the end, we'll go through the current challenges, limitations and future suggestions.

Kim Duong, HT, Abdibastami, A, Gloag, L, Bongers, A, Shanehsazzadeh, S, Nelson, M, Cousins, A, Bayat, N, McCalmont, H, Lock, RB, Sulway, S, Biazick, J, Justin Gooding, J & Tilley, RD 2023, 'Small zinc doped iron oxide tracers for magnetic particle imaging', Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, vol. 587, pp. 171304-171304.
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Kim, JH, Ajani, PA, Murray, SA, Kang, S-M, Kim, S-H, Lim, HC, Teng, ST, Lim, PT & Park, BS 2023, 'Abiotic and biotic factors controlling sexual reproduction in populations of Pseudo-nitzschia pungens (Bacillariophyceae)', Harmful Algae, vol. 123, pp. 102392-102392.
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Kim, RY & Oliver, B 2023, 'Innate Immune Reprogramming in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: New Mechanisms for Old Questions', American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, vol. 68, no. 5, pp. 470-471.
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Kofler, JR, Labeeuw, L, Bates, H, Zavafer, A & Ralph, PJ 2023, 'Light map optimization via direct chlorophyll fluorescence imaging in algal photobioreactors', Algal Research, vol. 71, pp. 103022-103022.
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Kole, TM, Pouwels, SD, Bults, R, Ketelaar, ME, Guryev, V, Koll, L, Kerstjens, HAM, Nawijn, MC, Faiz, A & van den Berge, M 2023, 'Airway wall splice quantitative trait locus analysis reveals novel downstream mechanisms for known asthma single-nucleotide polymorphisms', ERJ Open Research, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 00413-2022.
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Krishnan, S, DeMaere, MZ, Beck, D, Ostrowski, M, Seymour, JR & Darling, AE 2023, 'Rhometa: Population recombination rate estimation from metagenomic read datasets.', PLoS Genet, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. e1010683-e1010683.
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Prokaryotic evolution is influenced by the exchange of genetic information between species through a process referred to as recombination. The rate of recombination is a useful measure for the adaptive capacity of a prokaryotic population. We introduce Rhometa (https://github.com/sid-krish/Rhometa), a new software package to determine recombination rates from shotgun sequencing reads of metagenomes. It extends the composite likelihood approach for population recombination rate estimation and enables the analysis of modern short-read datasets. We evaluated Rhometa over a broad range of sequencing depths and complexities, using simulated and real experimental short-read data aligned to external reference genomes. Rhometa offers a comprehensive solution for determining population recombination rates from contemporary metagenomic read datasets. Rhometa extends the capabilities of conventional sequence-based composite likelihood population recombination rate estimators to include modern aligned metagenomic read datasets with diverse sequencing depths, thereby enabling the effective application of these techniques and their high accuracy rates to the field of metagenomics. Using simulated datasets, we show that our method performs well, with its accuracy improving with increasing numbers of genomes. Rhometa was validated on a real S. pneumoniae transformation experiment, where we show that it obtains plausible estimates of the rate of recombination. Finally, the program was also run on ocean surface water metagenomic datasets, through which we demonstrate that the program works on uncultured metagenomic datasets.

Kumar, R, Kumar, R, Sharma, N, Khurana, N, Singh, SK, Satija, S, Mehta, M & Vyas, M 2023, 'Corrigendum to “Pharmacological evaluation of bromelain in mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease” [NeuroToxicology 90 (2022) 19–34]', NeuroToxicology.
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Kumar, U, Rashmi, Srivastava, A, Kumari, N, Chatterjee, C & Raghuwanshi, NS 2023, 'Evaluation of Standardized MODIS-Terra Satellite-Derived Evapotranspiration Using Genetic Algorithm for Better Field Applicability in a Tropical River Basin', Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 1001-1012.
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Kumari, V, Vishwas, S, Kumar, R, Kakoty, V, Khursheed, R, Babu, MR, Harish, V, Mittal, N, Singh, PK, Alharthi, NS, Hakami, MA, Aba Alkhayl, FF, Gupta, G, Rubis, GD, Paudel, KR, Singh, M, Zandi, M, Oliver, BG, Dua, K & Singh, SK 2023, 'An overview of biomedical applications for gold nanoparticles against lung cancer', Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, vol. 86, pp. 104729-104729.
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Kumbhar, P, Kaur, J, De Rubis, G, Paudel, KR, Prasher, P, Patel, VK, Corrie, L, Chellappan, DK, Gupta, G, Singh, SK, Patravale, V, Disouza, J & Dua, K 2023, 'Inhalation drug delivery in combating pulmonary infections: Advances and challenges', Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, vol. 89, pp. 105022-105022.
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L I, H, Huang, X, Cai, H, Herok, G, He, J, Su, Y, Li, W, Yi, C, Oliver, BG & Chen, H 2023, 'Mitochondrial dysfunction in a rat model and the related risk of metabolic disorders.', J Tradit Chin Med, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 95-104.
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OBJECTIVE: To explore whether kidney deficiency (KYD) is prone to metabolic disorders may be linked to impaired mitochondrial function in thermogenesis and metabolic tissues. METHODS: A rat model of KYD was used, which was established using Sprague Dawley rat dams with warm preference subjected to herbal treatment that can improve kidney . The human relevance was confirmed by reduced serum corticosterone levels, and increased preference for warm location. RESULTS: KYD Rats were underdeveloped. Adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) production was reduced in the brown fat, but increased in the muscle. However, oxidative phosphorylated complexes to generate ATP and mitochondrial biogenesis marker were reduced in both tissues. When the second insult of high-fat diet (HFD) was introduced, KYD rats gained less weight yet developed more severe lipid and glucose metabolic disorders. This may be driven by disregulated liver gluconeogenesis marker forkhead box protein O1 and lipid metabolic regulator cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase. CONCLUSION: KYD rats exhibited reduced mito-chondrial function in the brown fat, but were partially compensated by skeletal muscle, associated with the phenotype of warm preference and metabolic disorder, which was further exacerbated by additional HFD consumption. Future studies can focus on treatment targetting mitochondria function to reverse this phenotype.

Lai, CK, Merklein, M, Casas-Bedoya, A, Liu, Y, Madden, SJ, Poulton, CG, Steel, MJ & Eggleton, BJ 2023, 'Optimizing performance for an on-chip stimulated Brillouin scattering-based isolator', Journal of the Optical Society of America B, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 523-523.
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Non-reciprocal optical components such as isolators and circulators are crucial for preventing catastrophic backreflection and controlling optical cross talk in photonic systems. While non-reciprocal devices based on Brillouin intermodal transitions have been experimentally demonstrated in chip-scale platforms, harnessing such interactions has required a suspended waveguide structure, which is challenging to fabricate and is potentially less robust than a non-suspended structure, thereby limiting the design flexibility. In this paper, we numerically investigate the performance of a Brillouin-based isolation scheme in which a dual-pump-driven optoacoustic interaction is used to excite confined acoustic waves in a traditional ridge waveguide. We find that acoustic confinement, and therefore the amount of Brillouin-driven mode conversion, can be enhanced by selecting an appropriate optical mode pair and waveguide geometry of two arsenic-based chalcogenide platforms. Further, we optimize the isolator design in its entirety, including the input couplers, mode filters, the Brillouin-active waveguide as well as the device fabrication tolerances. We predict such a device can achieve 30 dB isolation over a 38 nm bandwidth when 500 mW pump power is used; in the presence of a ± 10 n m fabrication-induced width error, such isolation can be maintained over a 5–10 nm bandwidth.

Lane, M, Kashani, M, Barratt, JLN, Qvarnstrom, Y, Yabsley, MJ, Garrett, KB & Bradbury, RS 2023, 'Application of a universal parasite diagnostic test to biological specimens collected from animals', International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, vol. 20, pp. 20-30.
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Lankage, UM, Holt, SA, Bridge, S, Cornell, B & Cranfield, CG 2023, 'Triglyceride-Tethered Membrane Lipase Sensor.', ACS Appl Mater Interfaces.
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Sensors that can quickly measure the lipase activity from biological samples are useful in enzyme production and medical diagnostics. However, current lipase sensors have limitations such as requiring fluorescent labels, pH control of buffer vehicles, or lengthy assay preparation. We introduce a sparsely tethered triglyceride substrate anchored off of a gold electrode for the impedance sensing of real-time lipase activity. The tethered substrate is self-assembled using a rapid solvent exchange technique and can form an anchored bilayer 1 nm off the gold electrode. This allows for an aqueous reservoir region, providing access to ions transported through membrane defects caused by triglyceride enzymatic hydrolysis. Electrical impedance spectroscopy techniques can readily detect the decrease in resistance caused by enzymatically induced defects. This rapid and reliable lipase detection method can have potential applications in disease studies, monitoring of lipase production, and as point-of-care diagnostic devices.

Lapine, M & Gorlach, M 2023, 'Current trends and nonlinear effects in multilayered metamaterials—FF-1:IL01', Ceramics International, vol. 49, no. 14, pp. 24422-24427.
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Lau, V, Spindler, X & Roux, C 2023, 'The transfer of fibres between garments in a choreographed assault scenario.', Forensic Sci Int, vol. 349, pp. 111746-111746.
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Our fundamental understanding of fibre transfer remains based on early seminal transfer studies that were largely mechanical simulations. However, transfer events in the real world are uncontrolled in nature. This study takes a novel approach to address this discrepancy, with skilled jiu-jitsu practitioners performing a choreographed 'standard' assault scenario to investigate the transfer of fibres between a cotton T-shirt and cotton/polyester hoody. Garments were collected immediately after the scenario and examined for the number, length and zonal distribution of transferred fibres. It was observed that cotton transferred the most fibres, on average twice as many from blended hoodies than T-shirts; whilst polyester transferred the least. Shorter fibres transferred and were recovered more readily than longer fibres; however, it was more likely to recover polyester fibres> 5 mm. The number and length of fibres transferred from the attacker's garment mainly depended on the construction of the donor textile (including sheddability) and properties of the fibres. Conversely, properties of the recipient textile were more significant factors when considering transfer from the victim's garment. Location of recovered fibres was found to be dependent on the wearer's role, but generally, upper zones and sleeves of both garments were most populated. Overall, these results will contribute to grow our current knowledge base regarding fibre transfer between donor and recipient textiles in a common assault situation. This will ultimately aid experts support evaluation with regards to competing hypotheses such as in a Bayesian framework.

Le Brun, AP, Huang, T-Y, Pullen, S, Nelson, ARJ, Spedding, J & Holt, SA 2023, 'Spatz: the time-of-flight neutron reflectometer with vertical sample geometry at the OPAL research reactor', Journal of Applied Crystallography, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 18-25.
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The Spatz neutron beam instrument is the second time-of-flight neutron reflectometer to be installed at the OPAL research reactor. The instrument was formerly the V18 BioRef reflectometer at the BER-II reactor in Berlin and was transferred to Australia in 2016. Subsequently the instrument was re-installed in the neutron guide hall of the OPAL reactor at the end position of the CG2B cold-neutron guide and recommissioned. The instrument performance has not been compromised by the move, with reflectivity achieved down to 10−7 and good counting statistics within a reasonable time frame using a wavelength range of 2–20 Å. Several different samples at the solid–air interface and the solid–liquid interface have been measured to demonstrate the instrument's capabilities.

Lee, G, Rasouli, AS, Lee, B-H, Zhang, J, Won, DH, Xiao, YC, Edwards, JP, Lee, MG, Jung, ED, Arabyarmohammadi, F, Liu, H, Grigioni, I, Abed, J, Alkayyali, T, Liu, S, Xie, K, Miao, RK, Park, S, Dorakhan, R, Zhao, Y, O’Brien, CP, Chen, Z, Sinton, D & Sargent, E 2023, 'CO2 electroreduction to multicarbon products from carbonate capture liquid', Joule, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 1277-1288.
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Letnic, M, Roberts, B, Hodgson, M, Ross, AK, Cuartas, S, Lapwong, Y, Price, O, Sentinella, N & Webb, JK 2023, 'Fire severity influences the post‐fire habitat structure and abundance of a cool climate lizard', Austral Ecology, vol. 48, no. 7, pp. 1440-1453.
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AbstractIn the spring and summer of 2019–2020, the ‘Black Summer’ bushfires burned more than 97 000 km2 of predominantly Eucalyptus dominated forest habitat in eastern Australia. The Black Summer bushfires prompted great concern that many species had been imperilled by the fires. Here, we investigate the effects that fire severity had on the habitat and abundance of a cool climate lizard Eulamprus tympanum that was identified as a species of concern because 37% of its habitat was burnt in the Black Summer bushfires. We quantified habitat structure and the abundance of E. tympanum at sites which were unburnt, burnt at low severity and at high severity 10, 15 and 23 months after the fires. Our classification of fire severity based on scorch height and canopy status corresponded well with the Australian Government Google Earth Engine Burnt Area Map (AUS GEEBAM) fire severity layer. Ten months after the fires, sites burnt at high severity had less canopy cover, more bare ground and less fine fuel than sites burnt at low severity or unburnt sites. The abundance of E. tympanum varied with survey occasion and was greatest during the warmest sampling period and lowest during the coolest sampling period. The abundance of E. tympanum was consistently lower on sites burnt at high severity than sites burnt at low severity or unburnt sites. Our findings show that higher severity fires had a greater effect on E. tympanum than low severity fires. Our results suggest that E. tympanum were likely to have persisted in burnt sites, with populations in low severity and unburnt sites facilitating population recovery in areas burnt at high severity. Our results also suggest that wildfire impacts on E. tympanum populatio...

Lev, B, Chennath, M, Cranfield, CG, Cornelius, F, Allen, TW & Clarke, RJ 2023, 'Involvement of the alpha-subunit N-terminus in the mechanism of the Na+,K+-ATPase', Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research, vol. 1870, no. 7, pp. 119539-119539.
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Li, C, Tareen, AK, Khan, K, Long, J, Hussain, I, Khan, MF, Iqbal, M, Xie, Z, Zhang, Y, Mahmood, A, Mahmood, N, Ahmad, W & Zhang, H 2023, 'Highly efficient, remarkable sensor activity and energy storage properties of MXenes and borophene nanomaterials', Progress in Solid State Chemistry, vol. 70, pp. 100392-100392.
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Li, D, Elankumaran, P, Kudinha, T, Kidsley, AK, Trott, DJ, Jarocki, VM & Djordjevic, SP 2023, 'Dominance of Escherichia coli sequence types ST73, ST95, ST127 and ST131 in Australian urine isolates: a genomic analysis of antimicrobial resistance and virulence linked to F plasmids.', Microb Genom, vol. 9, no. 7.
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Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) are the most frequent cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs) globally. Most studies of clinical E. coli isolates are selected based on their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotypes; however, this selection bias may not provide an accurate portrayal of which sequence types (STs) cause the most disease. Here, whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on 320 E. coli isolates from urine samples sourced from a regional hospital in Australia in 2006. Most isolates (91%) were sourced from patients with UTIs and were not selected based on any AMR phenotypes. No significant differences were observed in AMR and virulence genes profiles across age sex, and uro-clinical syndromes. While 88 STs were identified, ST73, ST95, ST127 and ST131 dominated. F virulence plasmids carrying senB-cjrABC (126/231; 55%) virulence genes were a feature of this collection. These senB-cjrABC+ plasmids were split into two categories: pUTI89-like (F29:A-:B10 and/or >95 % identity to pUTI89) (n=73) and non-pUTI89-like (n=53). Compared to all other plasmid replicons, isolates with pUTI89-like plasmids carried fewer antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), whilst isolates with senB-cjrABC+/non-pUTI89 plasmids had a significantly higher load of ARGs and class 1 integrons. F plasmids were not detected in 89 genomes, predominantly ST73. Our phylogenomic analyses identified closely related isolates from the same patient associated with different pathologies and evidence of strain-sharing events involving isolates sourced from companion and wild animals.

Li, L, Cao, X, Huo, J, Qu, J, Chen, W, Liu, C, Zhao, Y, Liu, H & Wang, G 2023, 'High valence metals engineering strategies of Fe/Co/Ni-based catalysts for boosted OER electrocatalysis', Journal of Energy Chemistry, vol. 76, pp. 195-213.
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Li, Q, Han, N, Chai, J, Zhang, W, Du, J, Tian, H, Liu, H, Wang, G & Tang, B 2023, 'Strategies to improve metal-organic frameworks and their derived oxides as lithium storage anode materials', Energy, vol. 282, pp. 128378-128378.
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Li, Y, Faiz, A, Moshage, H, Schilling, L & Kamps, JAAM 2023, 'Responses of retinal and brain microvasculature to streptozotocin induced diabetes revealed by global expression profiling', Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 147916412211475-147916412211475.
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This study aims to determine the effects of diabetes in the retinal and brain microvasculature through gene expression profiling. Twelve male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and time-matched nondiabetic rats. The retinal microvessels (RMVs) and brain microvessels (BMVs) were mechanically isolated from individual rats. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in diabetic and nondiabetic microvessels were identified by cDNA microarrays analysis. In RMVs, we identified 43 DEGs, of which 20 were upregulated while 23 were downregulated by diabetes. In BMVs, 35 genes DEGs were identified, of which 22 were upregulated and 13 were downregulated by diabetes. Altered expression of the Nars, Gars, Mars, Iars, Yars, Bcl2, Nqo1, NR4A3, Gpd1, Stc1, Tsc22d3, Tnfrsf21 mRNA as observed in the microarray analyses, was confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. The aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) pathway in RMVs was significantly overrepresented as compared to BMVs. Our study demonstrates for the first time that in the brain microvasculature multiple compensatory mechanisms exists, serving to protect brain tissue from diabetic insults, whereas these mechanisms are not activated in the retinal microvasculature. This provides new insights as to why brain microvasculature is less susceptible to diabetes.

Liau, S, Wang, JZ, Zagarella, E, Paulus, P, Dang, NHQH, Rawling, T, Murray, M & Zhou, F 2023, 'An update on inflammation in uveal melanoma', Biochimie, vol. 212, pp. 114-122.
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Lin, G, Khan, JU, Zhand, S, Liu, Y & Jin, D 2023, 'Modular DNAzymes-Hydrogel Membrane Carriers for Highly Sensitive Isothermal Cross-Cascade Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria Nucleic Acids', Analytical Chemistry, vol. 95, no. 35, pp. 13353-13360.
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Lin, J, Xing, B & Jin, D 2023, 'Optical Bioimaging and Therapy', Advanced Optical Materials, vol. 11, no. 11.
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Liu, G & Summer, R 2023, 'Reclaiming the Balance: Blocking Glutamine Uptake to Restrain Pulmonary Fibrosis', American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, vol. 69, no. 4, pp. 378-379.
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Liu, L, Liu, Y, Zhang, X, Yuan, YL, Chen, ZH, Chen-Yu Hsu, A, Oliver, BG, Xie, M, Qin, L, Li, WM, Liu, D, Wang, G & Wood, LG 2023, 'Dyslipidemia Is Associated With Worse Asthma Clinical Outcomes: A Prospective Cohort Study', The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 863-872.e8.
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Liu, Y, Lin, G, Medina-Sánchez, M, Guix, M, Makarov, D & Jin, D 2023, 'Responsive Magnetic Nanocomposites for Intelligent Shape-Morphing Microrobots', ACS Nano, vol. 17, no. 10, pp. 8899-8917.
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Liu, Y, Wen, S, Wang, F, Zuo, C, Chen, C, Zhou, J & Jin, D 2023, 'Population Control of Upconversion Energy Transfer for Stimulation Emission Depletion Nanoscopy', Advanced Science, vol. 10, no. 20.
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AbstractUpconverting stimulated emission depletion microscopy (U‐STED) is emerging as an effective approach for super‐resolution imaging due to its significantly low depletion power and its ability to surpass the limitations of the square‐root law and achieve higher resolution. Though the compelling performance, a trade‐off between the spatial resolution and imaging quality in U‐STED has been recognized in restricting the usability due to the low excitation power drove high depletion efficiency. Moreover, it is a burden to search for the right power relying on trial and error as the underpinning mechanism is unknown. Here, a method is proposed that can easily predict the ideal excitation power for high depletion efficiency with the assistance of the non‐saturate excitation based on the dynamic cross‐relaxation (CR) energy transfer of upconversion nanoparticles. This allows the authors to employ the rate equation model to simulate the populations of each relevant energy state of lanthanides and predict the ideal excitation power for high depletion efficiency. The authors demonstrate that the resolution of STED with the assistance of nonsaturated confocal super‐resolution results can easily achieve the highest resolution of sub‐40 nm, 1/24th of the excitation wavelengths. The finding on the CR effect provides opportunities for population control in realizing low‐power high‐resolution nanoscopy.

Liu, Y, Zhou, J, Wen, S, Wang, F, Wu, H, Chen, Q, Zuo, C & Jin, D 2023, 'On-Chip Mirror Enhanced Multiphoton Upconversion Super-Resolution Microscopy', Nano Letters, vol. 23, no. 12, pp. 5514-5519.
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Loo, S, Roberts, AW, Anstee, NS, Kennedy, GA, He, SZ-X, Schwarer, AP, Enjeti, AK, D'Rozario, J, Marlton, P, Bilmon, I, Taper, JM, Cull, G, Tiley, C, Verner, E, Hahn, U, Hiwase, DK, Iland, HJ, Murphy, NE, Ramanathan, S, Reynolds, J, Ong, DM, Tiong, IS, Wall, M, Murray, M, Rawling, T, Leadbetter, J, Rowley, L, Latimer, M, Yuen, SLS, Ting, SB, Fong, CY, Morris, KL, Bajel, A, Seymour, JF, Levis, MJ & Wei, AH 2023, 'Sorafenib plus intensive chemotherapy in newly diagnosed FLT3-ITD AML:a randomized, placebo-controlled study by the ALLG.', Blood.
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Sorafenib maintenance improves outcome after hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) for patients with FLT3-ITD acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Although promising outcomes have been reported for sorafenib plus intensive chemotherapy, randomized data are limited. This placebo-controlled, phase 2 study (ACTRN12611001112954) randomized 102 patients 18-65 years (2:1) to sorafenib vs placebo (days 4-10) combined with intensive induction; idarubicin 12mg/m2 days 1-3 plus cytarabine 1.5g/m2 twice daily on days 1,3,5,7 (18-55 years) or 100mg/m2 days 1-7 (56-65 years), consolidation therapy, followed by maintenance treatment for 12 months (post-HCT excluded) in newly diagnosed FLT3-ITD AML. Four patients were excluded from modified intention-to-treat final analysis (3 not dosed and 1 later found to be FLT3-ITD negative). Rates of complete remission (CR)/CR with incomplete hematologic recovery (CR/CRi) were high in both arms (sorafenib 78%/9%, placebo 70%/24%). With 49.1 months median follow-up, the primary endpoint of event-free survival (EFS) was not improved by sorafenib (2-year EFS 47.9% vs 45.4%)(hazard ratio [HR] 0.87;95% confidence interval [CI] 0.51-1.51, p=0.61). Two-year overall survival (OS) was 67% in the sorafenib arm and 58% in the placebo arm (HR 0.76; 95% CI 0.42-1.39). For patients transplanted in first remission, 2-year OS was 84% and 67% in the sorafenib and placebo arms, respectively (HR 0.45;95% CI 0.18-1.12, p=0.08). In exploratory analyses, FLT3-ITD measurable residual disease negative status (<0.001%) post-induction was associated with improved 2-year OS (83% vs 60%) (HR 0.4;95% CI 0.17-0.93, p=0.028). In conclusion, routine use of pre-transplant sorafenib plus chemotherapy in unselected patients with FLT3-ITD AML is not supported by this study.

Lotfi, M, Tambuwala, MM, Shahcheraghi, SH, Ayatollahi, J, Aljabali, AAA, Al-Zoubi, MS, Panda, PK, Mishra, V, Satija, S, Charbe, NB, Serrano-Aroca, Á, Bahar, B, Takayama, K, Goyal, R, Bhatia, A, Almutary, AG, Alnuqaydan, AM, Mishra, Y, Negi, P, Courtney, A, McCarron, PA & Bakshi, HA 2023, 'Gene Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Potential Targets andTools', CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 51-65.
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Abstract: Neuropsychiatric disorders that affect the central nervous system cause considerable pressures on the health care system and have a substantial economic burden on modern societies. The present treatments based on available drugs are mostly ineffective and often costly. The molecular process of neuropsychiatric disorders is closely connected to modifying the genetic structures inherited or caused by damage, toxic chemicals, and some current diseases. Gene therapy is presently an experimental concept for neurological disorders. Clinical applications endeavor to alleviate the symptoms, reduce disease progression, and repair defective genes. Implementing gene therapy in inherited and acquired neurological illnesses entails the integration of several scientific disciplines, including virology, neurology, neurosurgery, molecular genetics, and immunology. Genetic manipulation has the power to minimize or cure illness by inducing genetic alterations at endogenous loci. Gene therapy that involves treating the disease by deleting, silencing, or editing defective genes and delivering genetic material to produce therapeutic molecules has excellent potential as a novel approach for treating neuropsychiatric disorders. With the recent advances in gene selection and vector design quality in targeted treatments, gene therapy could be an effective approach. This review article will investigate and report the newest and the most critical molecules and factors in neuropsychiatric disorder gene therapy. Different genome editing techniques available will be evaluated, and the review will highlight preclinical research of genome editing for neuropsychiatric disorders while also evaluating current limitations and potential strategies to overcome genome editing advancements.

Lubchenco, J, Camp, EF, Vargas, CA, Belhabib, D, Anna, Z, Amon, DJ, Metaxas, A & Harden-Davies, H 2023, 'Priorities for progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 14 ‘Life below water’', Nature Ecology & Evolution, vol. 7, no. 10, pp. 1564-1569.
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Ma, H, Hu, M, Zhang, C, Jia, J, Fu, S, Wei, Z & Yun, K 2023, 'HPLC-MS/MS determination and the postmortem distribution or postmortem redistribution of paraquat and its metabolites in four fatal intoxication cases', Forensic Science International, vol. 345, pp. 111606-111606.
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Ma, H, Mao, R, Wang, R, Liang, Y, Jin, Y, Chen, H & Cheng, J 2023, 'Effects of inactivated COVID‐19 vaccinations on the IVF/ICSI‐ET live birth rate and pregnancy complication in a population of southern China: A retrospective cohort study', Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 107-110.
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Ma, H, Yu, K, Wang, H, Liu, J, Cheng, YY, Kang, Y, Wang, H, Zhang, J & Song, K 2023, 'Fabrication and detection of a novel hybrid conductive scaffold based on alginate/gelatin/carboxylated carbon nanotubes (Alg/Gel/mMWCNTs) for neural tissue engineering', Tissue and Cell, vol. 80, pp. 101995-101995.
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Ma, H, Zheng, L, Yang, S, Cheng, YY, Liu, T, Wu, S, Wang, H, Zhang, J & Song, K 2023, 'Construction and properties detection of 3D micro-structure scaffolds base on decellularized sheep kidney before and after crosslinking', Journal of Biomaterials Applications, vol. 37, no. 9, pp. 1593-1604.
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Decellularized extracellular matrix is one form of natural material in tissue engineering. The process of dECM retains the tissue microstructure, provides good cell adhesion sites, maintains most of biological signals that promotes the survival and differentiation ability of cells. In this study, sheep kidney was decellularized followed by histochemical staining, elemental analysis and scanning electron microscopy characterizations. The dECM scaffold was prepared with different sequences of freeze drying technology, crosslinking and the water absorption, porosity, mechanical strength with subsequent thermogravimetric analysis, Infrared spectroscopy and biocompatibility tests. Our results indicated that these decellularized treatments of sheep kidney can effectively remove DNA and retain uniform pore size distribution. After crosslinking the scaffold’s water absorption decreased from 987.56 ± 40.21% to 934.39 ± 39.61%, the porosity decreased from 89.64 ± 3.2% to 85.09 ± 17.63%, and the compression modulus increased from 304.32 ± 25.43 kPa to 459.53 ± 38.92 kPa, with thermal process the percentage of weight loss decreased from 66.57% to 44.731%, in addition, the composition didn’t change significantly, crosslinking could also promote the stability. In terms of biocompatibility, the number of viable cells increased significantly with the days. In conclusion, the crosslinked decellularized sheep kidney extracellular matrix scaffold reduced water absorption and porosity slightly, but has a significant increase in mechanical properties, and presented excellent biocompatibility which are beneficial to cell adhesion, growth and differentiation.

Ma, Z, Song, A, Liu, Z, Guo, Y, Yang, X, Li, Q, Fan, Y, Dai, L, Tian, H, Qin, X, Liu, H, Shao, G & Wang, G 2023, 'Nanoconfined Expansion Behavior of Hollow MnS@Carbon Anode with Extended Lithiation Cyclic Stability', Advanced Functional Materials, vol. 33, no. 28.
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AbstractThe construction of hollow nanostructure by compositing with carbonaceous materials is generally considered an effective strategy to mitigate the drastic volume expansion of transition metal sulfides (TMSs) with high theoretical specific capacity in the process of lithium storage. However, designing well‐controlled architectures with extended lithiation cyclic stability, and ease the expansion of the electroactive materials into the reserved hollow spaces still needs to be developed. Herein, using MnS as an example, the hollow double‐shell carbon‐coated TMSs architecture is designed to achieve the controllable operation of shell thickness to regulate interfacial stress. The functional architecture enables the high‐capacity MnS to reach reversible capacities and extended lithiation cycling stability at high current densities. In situ transmission electron microscopy, optical observation characterizations and finite elements are used to analyze the nanoconfined expansion behavior of hollow MnS@C anodes. The as‐designed hollow structure with a carbon shell thickness ≈12.5 nm can effectively restrict the drastic expansion of MnS nanoshell into inner voids with compressive stress. This study demonstrates a general strategy to design functional carbon coating metal sulfides with tailored interfacial stress.

Machungo, CW, Berna, AZ, McNevin, D, Wang, R, Harvey, J & Trowell, S 2023, 'Evaluation of performance of metal oxide electronic nose for detection of aflatoxin in artificially and naturally contaminated maize', Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, vol. 381, pp. 133446-133446.
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Madin, JS, McWilliam, M, Quigley, K, Bay, LK, Bellwood, D, Doropoulos, C, Fernandes, L, Harrison, P, Hoey, AS, Mumby, PJ, Ortiz, JC, Richards, ZT, Riginos, C, Schiettekatte, NMD, Suggett, DJ & van Oppen, MJH 2023, 'Selecting coral species for reef restoration', Journal of Applied Ecology, vol. 60, no. 8, pp. 1537-1544.
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Abstract Humans have long sought to restore species but little attention has been directed at how to best select a subset of foundation species for maintaining rich assemblages that support ecosystems, like coral reefs and rainforests, which are increasingly threatened by environmental change. We propose a two‐part hedging approach that selects optimized sets of species for restoration. The first part acknowledges that biodiversity supports ecosystem functions and services, and so it ensures precaution against loss by allocating an even spread of phenotypic traits. The second part maximizes species and ecosystem persistence by weighting species based on characteristics that are known to improve ecological persistence—for example abundance, species range and tolerance to environmental change. Using existing phenotypic‐trait and ecological data for reef building corals, we identified sets of ecologically persistent species by examining marginal returns in occupancy of phenotypic trait space. We compared optimal sets of species with those from the world's southern‐most coral reef, which naturally harbours low coral diversity, to show these occupy much of the trait space. Comparison with an existing coral restoration program indicated that current corals used for restoration only cover part of the desired trait space and programs may be improved by including species with different traits. Synthesis and applications. While there are many possible criteria for selecting species for restoration, the approach proposed here addresses the need to insure against unpredictable losses of ecosystem services by focusing on a wide range of phenotypic traits and ecological characteristics. Furthermore, the flexibility of the approach ...

Mahmood, A, Zheng, Z & Chen, Y 2023, 'Zinc-Bromine Batteries: Challenges, Prospective Solutions, and Future.', Adv Sci (Weinh), p. e2305561.
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Zinc-bromine batteries (ZBBs) have recently gained significant attention as inexpensive and safer alternatives to potentially flammable lithium-ion batteries. Zn metal is relatively stable in aqueous electrolytes, making ZBBs safer and easier to handle. However, Zn metal anodes are still affected by several issues, including dendrite growth, Zn dissolution, and the crossover of Br species from cathodes to corrode anodes, resulting in self-discharge and fast performance fading. Similarly, Br2 undergoes sluggish redox reactions on cathodes, which brings several issues such as poor reaction kinetics, the highly corrosive nature of Br species leading to corrosion of separators and poisoning of anodes, and the volatile nature of Br species causing increased internal pressures, etc. These issues are compounded in flowless ZBB configuration as no fresh electrolyte is available to provide extra/fresh reaction species. In this review, the factors controlling the performance of ZBBs in flow and flowless configurations are thoroughly reviewed, along with the status of ZBBs in the commercial sector. The review also summarizes various novel methodologies to mitigate these challenges and presents research areas for future studies. In summary, this review will offer a perspective on the historical evolution, recent advancements, and prospects of ZBBs.

Malik, R, Paudel, KR, Manandhar, B, De, RG, Shen, J, Mujwar, S, Singh, TG, Singh, SK, Gupta, G, Adams, J, MacLoughlin, R, Oliver, BGG, Hansbro, PM, Chellappan, DK & Dua, K 2023, 'Agarwood oil nanoemulsion counteracts LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in RAW264.7 mouse macrophages', Pathology - Research and Practice, vol. 251, pp. 154895-154895.
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Malyla, V, Paudel, KR, De, RG, Hansbro, NG, Hansbro, PM & Dua, K 2023, 'Cigarette smoking induces lung cancer tumorigenesis via upregulation of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway', Life Sciences, vol. 326, pp. 121787-121787.
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Mao, S, Feng, A, Zhang, S, Onggowarsito, C, Chen, Q, Su, D & Fu, Q 2023, 'Investigation of structure-property-application relationships of a hydrogel-based solar vapor generator', Journal of Materials Chemistry A, vol. 11, no. 42, pp. 23062-23070.
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Without requiring any extra energy, a polymeric hydrogel based solar vapor generator (SVG) offers a promising complement to current energy-intensive desalination processes. The hydrophilic groups of polymer hydrogels can interact with water molecules through hydrogen bonding, thereby activating other adjacent water molecules to an intermediate water state, thus lowering the total enthalpy of water and making it easier to evaporate. However, there is still a knowledge gap in the structure-property relationships between hydrogel functional groups and water molecules. Here, we prepare seven hydrogels containing different functional groups, fairly compare their hydration ability and establish the relationship between the hydrophilic groups and the properties (e.g., evaporation enthalpy, electrostatic potential, etc.) of the corresponding polymer hydrogels, as well as their solar evaporation performance. The resultant polyacrylamide (PAM) SVG with -NH2 groups, standing out from the other hydrogels, shows rapid water replenishment capability, a high intermediate water content of 78.2%, low equivalent water vaporization enthalpy, an excellent seawater evaporation rate of 3.41 kg m−1 h−1, and excellent desalination capacity to reduce the main ion concentrations by 3-5 orders. We expect that this fundamental research could provide guidance for the development of future SVGs and ultimately contribute to the development of efficient solar vapor generation systems.

Mariandry, K, Kokate, R, Somerville, SV, Gloag, L, Cheong, S, Carroll, LR, Kumar, PV, Gooding, JJ & Tilley, RD 2023, 'Controlling Platinum Active Sites on Silver Nanoparticles for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction', Chemistry of Materials, vol. 35, no. 20, pp. 8636-8644.
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Marlton, FP, Brown, AJ, Sale, M, Maljuk, A, Büchner, B, Lewis, W, Luck, I, Wood, ML, Mole, RA & Ling, CD 2023, 'Selective Interstitial Hydration Explains Anomalous Structural Distortions and Ionic Conductivity in 6H-Ba₄Ta₂O₉·1/2H₂O', Chemistry of Materials, vol. 35, no. 7, pp. 2740-2751.
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Marsh, JW, Kirk, C & Ley, RE 2023, 'Toward Microbiome Engineering: Expanding the Repertoire of Genetically Tractable Members of the Human Gut Microbiome', Annual Review of Microbiology, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 427-449.
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Genetic manipulation is necessary to interrogate the functions of microbes in their environments, such as the human gut microbiome. Yet, the vast majority of human gut microbiome species are not genetically tractable. Here, we review the hurdles to seizing genetic control of more species. We address the barriers preventing the application of genetic techniques to gut microbes and report on genetic systems currently under development. While methods aimed at genetically transforming many species simultaneously in situ show promise, they are unable to overcome many of the same challenges that exist for individual microbes. Unless a major conceptual breakthrough emerges, the genetic tractability of the microbiome will remain an arduous task. Increasing the list of genetically tractable organisms from the human gut remains one of the highest priorities for microbiome research and will provide the foundation for microbiome engineering.

Mashkani, O, Ernst, AT, Thiruvady, D & Gu, H 2023, 'Minimizing patients total clinical condition deterioration in operating theatre departments', Annals of Operations Research, vol. 328, no. 1, pp. 821-857.
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AbstractThe operating theatre is the most crucial and costly department in a hospital due to its expensive resources and high patient admission rate. Efficiently allocating operating theatre resources to patients provides hospital management with better utilization and patient flow. In this paper, we tackle both tactical and operational planning over short-term to medium-term horizons. The main goal is to determine an allocation of blocks of time on each day to surgical specialties while also assigning each patient a day and an operating room for surgery. To create a balance between improving patients welfare and satisfying the expectations of hospital administrators, we propose six novel deterioration rates to evaluate patients total clinical condition deterioration. Each deterioration rate is defined as a function of the clinical priorities of patients, their waiting times, and their due dates. To optimize the objective functions, we present mixed integer programming (MIP) models and two dynamic programming based heuristics. Computational experiments have been conducted on a novel well-designed and carefully chosen benchmark dataset, which simulates realistic-sized instances. The results demonstrate the capability of the MIP models in finding excellent solutions (maximum average gap of 4.71% across all instances and objective functions), though, requiring large run-times. The heuristic algorithms provide a time-efficient alternative, where high quality solutions can be found in under a minute. We also analyse each objective function’s ability in generating high quality solutions from different perspectives such as patients waiting times, the number of scheduled patients, and operating rooms utilization rates. We provide managerial insights to the decision makers in cases where their intention is to meet KPIs and/or maintaining trade-offs between patients and administrators expectations, more fair assignments, or ensuring that th...

Masoumeh Ghorbanpour, S, Wen, S, Kaitu'u‐Lino, TJ, Hannan, NJ, Jin, D & McClements, L 2023, 'Quantitative Point of Care Tests for Timely Diagnosis of Early‐Onset Preeclampsia with High Sensitivity and Specificity', Angewandte Chemie, vol. 135, no. 26.
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AbstractPreeclampsia is a heterogeneous and multiorgan cardiovascular disorder of pregnancy. Here, we report the development of a novel strip‐based lateral flow assay (LFA) using lanthanide‐doped upconversion nanoparticles conjugated to antibodies targeting two different biomarkers for detection of preeclampsia. We first measured circulating plasma FKBPL and CD44 protein concentrations from individuals with early‐onset preeclampsia (EOPE), using ELISA. We confirmed that the CD44/FKBPL ratio is reduced in EOPE with a good diagnostic potential. Using our rapid LFA prototypes, we achieved an improved lower limit of detection: 10 pg ml−1 for FKBPL and 15 pg ml−1 for CD44, which is more than one order lower than the standard ELISA method. Using clinical samples, a cut‐off value of 1.24 for CD44/FKBPL ratio provided positive predictive value of 100 % and the negative predictive value of 91 %. Our LFA shows promise as a rapid and highly sensitive point‐of‐care test for preeclampsia.

Masoumeh Ghorbanpour, S, Wen, S, Kaitu'u‐Lino, TJ, Hannan, NJ, Jin, D & McClements, L 2023, 'Quantitative Point of Care Tests for Timely Diagnosis of Early‐Onset Preeclampsia with High Sensitivity and Specificity', Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol. 62, no. 26.
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AbstractPreeclampsia is a heterogeneous and multiorgan cardiovascular disorder of pregnancy. Here, we report the development of a novel strip‐based lateral flow assay (LFA) using lanthanide‐doped upconversion nanoparticles conjugated to antibodies targeting two different biomarkers for detection of preeclampsia. We first measured circulating plasma FKBPL and CD44 protein concentrations from individuals with early‐onset preeclampsia (EOPE), using ELISA. We confirmed that the CD44/FKBPL ratio is reduced in EOPE with a good diagnostic potential. Using our rapid LFA prototypes, we achieved an improved lower limit of detection: 10 pg ml−1 for FKBPL and 15 pg ml−1 for CD44, which is more than one order lower than the standard ELISA method. Using clinical samples, a cut‐off value of 1.24 for CD44/FKBPL ratio provided positive predictive value of 100 % and the negative predictive value of 91 %. Our LFA shows promise as a rapid and highly sensitive point‐of‐care test for preeclampsia.

Matar, F, Shi, Y-L, Ling, FC-C, Salih, A, Irvine, CP, De Silva, S, Phillips, MR & Ton-That, C 2023, 'Bandgap narrowing and hole self-trapping reduction in Ga2O3 by Bi2O3 alloying', Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 960, pp. 170983-170983.
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Matheson, S, Fleck, R, Irga, PJ & Torpy, FR 2023, 'Phytoremediation for the indoor environment: a state-of-the-art review', Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 249-280.
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AbstractPoor indoor air quality has become of particular concern within the built environment due to the time people spend indoors, and the associated health burden. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) off-gassing from synthetic materials, nitrogen dioxide and harmful outdoor VOCs such benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene and xylene penetrate into the indoor environment through ventilation and are the main contributors to poor indoor air quality with health effects. A considerable body of literature over the last four decades has demonstrate the removal of gaseous contaminants through phytoremediation, a technology that relies on plant material and technologies to remediate contaminated air streams. In this review we present a state-of-the-art on indoor phytoremediation over the last decade. Here we present a review of 38 research articles on both active and passive phytoremediation, and describe the specific chemical removal efficiency of different systems. The literature clearly indicates the efficacy of these systems for the removal of gaseous contaminants in the indoor environment, however it is evident that the application of phytoremediation technologies for research purposes in-situ is currently significantly under studied. In addition, it is common for research studies to assess the removal of single chemical species under controlled conditions, with little relevancy to real-world settings easily concluded. The authors therefore recommend that future phytoremediation research be conducted both in-situ and on chemical sources of a mixed nature, such as those experienced in the urban environment like petroleum vapour, vehicle emissions, and mixed synthetic furnishings off-gassing. The assessment of these systems both in static chambers for their theoretical performance, and in-situ for these mixed chemical sources is essential for the progression of th...

Matheson, S, Fleck, R, Lockwood, T, Gill, RL, Irga, PJ & Torpy, FR 2023, 'Fuelling phytoremediation: gasoline degradation by green wall systems—a case study', Environmental Science and Pollution Research.
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AbstractThe capacity for indoor plants including green wall systems to remove specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is well documented in the literature; however under realistic settings, indoor occupants are exposed to a complex mixture of harmful compounds sourced from various emission sources. Gasoline vapour is one of the key sources of these emissions, with several studies demonstrating that indoor occupants in areas surrounding gasoline stations or with residentially attached garages are exposed to far higher concentrations of harmful VOCs. Here we assess the potential of a commercial small passive green wall system, commercially named the ‘LivePicture Go’ from Ambius P/L, Australia, to drawdown VOCs that comprise gasoline vapour, including total VOC (TVOC) removal and specific removal of individual speciated VOCs over time. An 8-h TVOC removal efficiency of 42.45% was achieved, along with the complete removal of eicosane, 1,2,3-trimethyl-benzene, and hexadecane. Further, the green wall also effectively reduced concentrations of a range of harmful benzene derivatives and other VOCs. These results demonstrate the potential of botanical systems to simultaneously remove a wide variety of VOCs, although future research is needed to improve upon and ensure efficiency of these systems over time and within practical applications.

Matthews, JL, Hoch, L, Raina, J-B, Pablo, M, Hughes, DJ, Camp, EF, Seymour, JR, Ralph, PJ, Suggett, DJ & Herdean, A 2023, 'Symbiodiniaceae photophysiology and stress resilience is enhanced by microbial associations.', Sci Rep, vol. 13, no. 1, p. 20724.
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Symbiodiniaceae form associations with extra- and intracellular bacterial symbionts, both in culture and in symbiosis with corals. Bacterial associates can regulate Symbiodiniaceae fitness in terms of growth, calcification and photophysiology. However, the influence of these bacteria on interactive stressors, such as temperature and light, which are known to influence Symbiodiniaceae physiology, remains unclear. Here, we examined the photophysiological response of two Symbiodiniaceae species (Symbiodinium microadriaticum and Breviolum minutum) cultured under acute temperature and light stress with specific bacterial partners from their microbiome (Labrenzia (Roseibium) alexandrii, Marinobacter adhaerens or Muricauda aquimarina). Overall, bacterial presence positively impacted Symbiodiniaceae core photosynthetic health (photosystem II [PSII] quantum yield) and photoprotective capacity (non-photochemical quenching; NPQ) compared to cultures with all extracellular bacteria removed, although specific benefits were variable across Symbiodiniaceae genera and growth phase. Symbiodiniaceae co-cultured with M. aquimarina displayed an inverse NPQ response under high temperatures and light, and those with L. alexandrii demonstrated a lowered threshold for induction of NPQ, potentially through the provision of antioxidant compounds such as zeaxanthin (produced by Muricauda spp.) and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP; produced by this strain of L. alexandrii). Our co-culture approach empirically demonstrates the benefits bacteria can deliver to Symbiodiniaceae photochemical performance, providing evidence that bacterial associates can play important functional roles for Symbiodiniaceae.

Matthews, JL, Khalil, A, Siboni, N, Bougoure, J, Guagliardo, P, Kuzhiumparambil, U, DeMaere, M, Le, RNM, Seymour, JR, Suggett, DJ & Raina, J-B 2023, 'Coral endosymbiont growth is enhanced by metabolic interactions with bacteria.', Nat Commun, vol. 14, no. 1, p. 6864.
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Bacteria are key contributors to microalgae resource acquisition, competitive performance, and functional diversity, but their potential metabolic interactions with coral microalgal endosymbionts (Symbiodiniaceae) have been largely overlooked. Here, we show that altering the bacterial composition of two widespread Symbiodiniaceae species, during their free-living stage, results in a significant shift in their cellular metabolism. Indeed, the abundance of monosaccharides and the key phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were correlated with the presence of specific bacteria, including members of the Labrenzia (Roseibium) and Marinobacter genera. Single-cell stable isotope tracking revealed that these two bacterial genera are involved in reciprocal exchanges of carbon and nitrogen with Symbiodiniaceae. We identified the provision of IAA by Labrenzia and Marinobacter, and this metabolite caused a significant growth enhancement of Symbiodiniaceae. By unravelling these interkingdom interactions, our work demonstrates how specific bacterial associates fundamentally govern Symbiodiniaceae fitness.

McClements, L, Ghorbanpour, S, Cartland, S, Seth, S, Ecker, R, Richards, C, McGrath, K, Cole, L, Warkiani, M & Kavurma, M 2023, 'FK506-Binding Protein Like (FKBPL) Regulates Hypoxia-induced Factor-α and Restores Endothelial Function and Vascular Integrity in Ischaemia-induced Angiogenesis', Heart, Lung and Circulation, vol. 32, pp. S412-S412.
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McLaren, E, Bronstein, O, Kroh, A, Winkler, V, Miskelly, A, Sommer, B & Byrne, M 2023, 'Hidden in plain sight: Tripneustes kermadecensis (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) is a junior synonym of the eastern Australian sea urchin Evechinus australiae described in 1878', Invertebrate Systematics, vol. 37, no. 11, pp. 741-741.
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McNaughton, DA, Ryder, WG, Gilchrist, AM, Wang, P, Fares, M, Wu, X & Gale, PA 2023, 'New insights and discoveries in anion receptor chemistry', Chem, vol. 9, no. 11, pp. 3045-3112.
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This review offers a broad overview of the advancements in anion receptor chemistry in 2021 and 2022. Detailed examples of acclaimed work in fundamental recognition, sensing and detection, catalysis, self-assembly, extraction, and transmembrane transport are included.

McNeilly, O, Mann, R, Cummins, ML, Djordjevic, SP, Hamidian, M & Gunawan, C 2023, 'Development of Nanoparticle Adaptation Phenomena in Acinetobacter baumannii: Physiological Change and Defense Response.', Microbiol Spectr, vol. 11, no. 1, p. e0285722.
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The present work describes the evolution of a resistance phenotype to a multitargeting antimicrobial agent, namely, silver nanoparticles (nanosilver; NAg), in the globally prevalent bacterial pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii. The Gram-negative bacterium has recently been listed as a critical priority pathogen requiring novel treatment options by the World Health Organization. Through prolonged exposure to the important antimicrobial nanoparticle, the bacterium developed mutations in genes that encode the protein subunits of organelle structures that are involved in cell-to-surface attachment as well as in a cell envelope capsular polysaccharide synthesis-related gene. These mutations are potentially correlated with stable physiological changes in the biofilm growth behavior and with an evident protective effect against oxidative stress, most likely as a feature of toxicity defense. We further report a different adaptation response of A. baumannii to the cationic form of silver (Ag+). The bacterium developed a tolerance phenotype to Ag+, which was correlated with an indicative surge in respiratory activity and changes in cell morphology, of which these are reported characteristics of tolerant bacterial populations. The findings regarding adaptation phenomena to NAg highlight the risks of the long-term use of the nanoparticle on a priority pathogen. The findings urge the implementation of strategies to overcome bacterial NAg adaptation, to better elucidate the toxicity mechanisms of the nanoparticle, and preserve the efficacy of the potent alternative antimicrobial agent in this era of antimicrobial resistance. IMPORTANCE Several recent studies have reported on the development of bacterial resistance to broad-spectrum antimicrobial silver nanoparticles (nanosilver; NAg). NAg is currently one of the most important alternative antimicrobial agents. However, no studies have yet established whether Acinetobacter baumannii, a globally prevalent nosocomial path...

Mello, MG, Westerhausen, MT, Lockwood, TE, Singh, P, Wanagat, J & Bishop, DP 2023, 'Immunolabelling perturbs the endogenous and antibody-conjugated elemental concentrations during immuno-mass spectrometry imaging', Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry.
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AbstractImmuno-mass spectrometry imaging uses lanthanide-conjugated antibodies to spatially quantify biomolecules via laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The multi-element capabilities allow for highly multiplexed analyses that may include both conjugated antibodies and endogenous metals to reveal relationships between disease and chemical composition. Sample handling is known to perturb the composition of the endogenous elements, but there has been little investigation into the effects of immunolabelling and coverslipping. Here, we used cryofixed muscle sections to examine the impact of immunolabelling steps on the concentrations of a Gd-conjugated anti-dystrophin primary antibody, and the endogenous metals Cu and Zn. Primary antibody incubation resulted in a decrease in Zn, and an increase in Cu. Zn was removed from the cytoplasm where it was hypothesised to be more labile, whereas concentrated locations of Zn remained in the cell membrane in all samples that underwent the immunostaining process. Cu increased in concentration and was found mostly in the cell membrane. The concentration of the Gd-conjugated antibody when compared to the standard air-dried sample was not significantly different when coverslipped using an organic mounting medium, whereas use of an aqueous mounting medium significantly reduced the concentration of Gd. These results build on the knowledge of how certain sample handling techniques change elemental concentrations and distributions in tissue sections. Immunolabelling steps impact the concentration of endogenous elements, and separate histological sections are required for the quantitative analysis of endogenous elements and biomolecules. Additionally, coverslipping tissue sections for complementary immunohistochemical/immunofluorescent imaging may compromise the integrity of the elemental label, and organic mounting media are recommended over aqueous mounting media.<...

Mendes, DAV, Engel, DF, Ricci, MF, Cruz, CS, Lopes, Í, Alves, DA, d', AM, Magalhães, J, Machado, EC, Rocha, VM, Carvalho, TG, Lacerda, LSB, Pimenta, JC, Aganetti, M, Zuccoli, GS, Smith, BJ, Carregari, VC, da, SRE, Galvão, I, Dantas, CG, Garcia, CC, Teixeira, MM, André, LC, Ribeiro, FM, Martins, FS, Saia, RS, Costa, VV, Martins-de-Souza, D, Hansbro, PM, Marques, JT, Aguiar, ERGR & Vieira, AT 2023, 'Gut microbiota from patients with COVID-19 cause alterations in mice that resemble post-COVID symptoms.', Gut Microbes, vol. 15, no. 2, p. 2249146.
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Long-term sequelae of coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 are frequent and of major concern. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection affects the host gut microbiota, which is linked to disease severity in patients with COVID-19. Here, we report that the gut microbiota of post-COVID subjects had a remarkable predominance of Enterobacteriaceae strains with an antibiotic-resistant phenotype compared to healthy controls. Additionally, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels were reduced in feces. Fecal transplantation from post-COVID subjects to germ-free mice led to lung inflammation and worse outcomes during pulmonary infection by multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. transplanted mice also exhibited poor cognitive performance. Overall, we show prolonged impacts of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the gut microbiota that persist after subjects have cleared the virus. Together, these data demonstrate that the gut microbiota can directly contribute to post-COVID sequelae, suggesting that it may be a potential therapeutic target.

Menictas, M, Di Credico, G & Wand, MP 2023, 'Streamlined Variational Inference for Linear Mixed Models with Crossed Random Effects', Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 99-115.
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Mercer-Mapstone, L, Banas, K, Davila, Y, Huston, W, Meier, P & Mekonnen, B 2023, '‘I’m not alone’: outcomes of a faculty-wide initiative for co-creating inclusive science curricula through student–staff partnership', International Journal for Academic Development, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 149-162.
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Mercieca, AL, Fursman, HC, Alonzo, M, Chadwick, S & McDonagh, AM 2023, 'Organic impurity profiling of 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) synthesised from helional', Forensic Science International, vol. 350, pp. 111788-111788.
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Mi, C, Zhang, X, Yang, C, Wu, J, Chen, X, Ma, C, Wu, S, Yang, Z, Qiao, P, Liu, Y, Wu, W, Guo, Z, Liao, J, Zhou, J, Guan, M, Liang, C, Liu, C & Jin, D 2023, 'Bone disease imaging through the near-infrared-II window', Nature Communications, vol. 14, no. 1, p. 6287.
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AbstractSkeletal disorders are commonly diagnosed by X-ray imaging, but the radiation limits its use. Optical imaging through the near-infrared-II window (NIR-II, 1000–1700 nm) can penetrate deep tissues without radiation risk, but the targeting of contrast agent is non-specific. Here, we report that lanthanide-doped nanocrystals can passively target the bone marrow, which can be effective for over two months. We therefore develop the high-resolution NIR-II imaging method for bone disease diagnosis, including the 3D bone imaging instrumentation to show the intravital bone morphology. We demonstrate the monitoring of 1 mm bone defects with spatial resolution comparable to the X-ray imaging result. Moreover, NIR-II imaging can reveal the early onset inflammation as the synovitis in the early stage of rheumatoid arthritis, comparable to micro computed tomography (μCT) in diagnosis of osteoarthritis, including the symptoms of osteophyte and hyperostosis in the knee joint.

Miao, RK, Wang, N, Hung, S-F, Huang, W-Y, Zhang, J, Zhao, Y, Ou, P, Wang, S, Edwards, JP, Tian, C, Han, J, Xu, Y, Fan, M, Huang, JE, Xiao, YC, Ip, AH, Liang, H, Sargent, EH & Sinton, D 2023, 'Electrified Cement Production via Anion-Mediated Electrochemical Calcium Extraction', ACS Energy Letters, vol. 8, no. 11, pp. 4694-4701.
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Milner, KV, French, K, Krix, DW, Valenzuela, SM & Leigh, A 2023, 'The effects of spring versus summer heat events on two arid zone plant species under field conditions', Functional Plant Biology, vol. 50, no. 6, pp. 455-469.
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Heatwaves are increasingly occurring out-of-season, which may affect plants not primed for the event. Further, heat stress often coincides with water and/or nutrient stress, impairing short-term physiological function and potentially causing downstream effects on reproductive fitness. We investigated the response of water-stressed arid-zone Solanum oligacanthum and Solanum orbiculatum to spring vs summer heat stress under differing nutrient conditions. Heat stress events were imposed in open-topped chambers under in situ desert conditions. To assess short-term impacts, we measured leaf photosystem responses (Fv/Fm) and membrane stability; long-term effects were compared via biomass allocation, visible damage, flowering and fruiting. Plants generally fared more poorly following summer than spring heat stress, with the exception of Fv/Fm. Summer heat stress caused greater membrane damage, reduced growth and survival compared with spring. Nutrient availability had a strong influence on downstream effects of heat stress, including species-specific outcomes for reproductive fitness. Overall, high temperatures during spring posed a lower threat to fitness than in severe arid summer conditions of high temperature and low water availability, which were more detrimental to plants in both the short and longer term. Our study highlights the importance of considering ecologically relevant, multiple-stressor events to understand different species responses to extreme heat.

Minzière, VR, Gassner, A, Gallidabino, M, Roux, C & Weyermann, C 2023, 'The relevance of gunshot residues in forensic science', WIREs Forensic Science, vol. 5, no. 1.
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AbstractGunshot residues (GSR) are routinely exploited by forensic scientists in the investigation of firearm‐related events. While many new techniques are daily reported in the literature for the analysis of GSR, there is still a significant lack of data on the transfer, persistence, and prevalence of GSR. Such fundamental knowledge is essential to fully exploit the information potential of GSR for investigation or in Court. This article provides an overview of the relevant questions related to GSR, more particularly to infer about the trace's origin (i.e., is it from a firearm discharge?) and the activity that caused transfer (e.g., primary, secondary, or subsequent transfer). GSR production and composition will be briefly described, considering both inorganic and organic components. Then, the available knowledge about the primary transfer, the secondary transfer, and the persistence of GSR will be outlined, as well as the prevalence (background level) of the targeted elements and/or compounds in the environment, more particularly on the hands of people unrelated to firearm incidents. Finally, the methods developed for the collection, analysis, and interpretation of GSR will be discussed. A holistic approach combining fundamental forensic science knowledge about GSR transfer, persistence, and prevalence together with other available information is discussed as a path forward to increase the relevance and value of the GSR trace in practice.This article is categorized under: Crime Scene Investigation > From Traces to Intelligence and Evidence Forensic Chemistry and Trace Evidence > Trace Evidence Forensic Chemistry and Trace Evidence > Explosive Analysis

Mishra, N, Bhatt, S, Paudel, KR, Hansbro, PM & Dua, K 2023, 'Preface', Synbiotics for the Management of Cancer, pp. v-vi.

Mitchell, A, Hayes, C, Booth, DJ & Nagelkerken, I 2023, 'Future shock: Ocean acidification and seasonal water temperatures alter the physiology of competing temperate and coral reef fishes', Science of The Total Environment, vol. 883, pp. 163684-163684.
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Mitchell, A, Hayes, C, Booth, DJ & Nagelkerken, I 2023, 'Projected ocean acidification and seasonal temperature alter the behaviour and growth of a range extending tropical fish', Coral Reefs, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 919-929.
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AbstractClimate-driven invasions of ecosystems by range-extending animals are often mediated by behavioural modifications that increase their chances of establishment in foreign biological communities. This creates novel ecological interactions that can affect the behaviour of native species in recipient ecosystems. However, this question has seldom been addressed in marine systems, in particular with the additive effect of ocean acidification and the mediating effects of seasonal climate variability. Here, we performed a laboratory experiment to evaluate how novel species interactions, ocean acidification, and projected future summer versus winter temperatures could affect the behaviour and growth of a range-extending tropical and co-shoaling temperate fish. Compared to current-day summer temperatures, tropical fish became 4% more active, 90% more aggressive, and increased their growth rates (standard length: +42%) during future summers in their novel poleward ranges, but reduced their aggression by 64%, boldness by 52%, feeding by 45% and growth rates (wet weight: −70%, standard length: −26%) during future winters compared to current-day summer temperatures. Additionally, tropical fish became 3% more active under ocean acidification compared to no ocean acidification. Conversely, temperate fish behaviour was unaffected by climate treatments but their growth rates were > 200% faster under future winter versus current and future summer temperatures. We conclude that projected future winter conditions in temperate ecosystems may reduce the performance of range-extending fishes in temperate fish communities and slow down tropicalisation of higher latitudes.

Mohamad, MSB, Reyes, R-J, De, RG, Paudel, KR, Hansbro, P, Dua, K & Chellappan, DK 2023, 'The versatility of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid in attenuating pulmonary inflammatory disorders', EXCLI Journal, vol. 22, pp. 188-190.
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Moneer, EA, Bakr, BA, Akl, SH, Shahin, YH, Elwakil, BH, Hagar, M, Paudel, KR, Aljuhani, A, Aouad, MR & Rezki, N 2023, 'Design and synthesis of novel bis-pyridinium based-ionic liquids as potent antiparasitic agents', Heliyon, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. e15431-e15431.
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Montblanch, AR-P, Barbone, M, Aharonovich, I, Atatüre, M & Ferrari, AC 2023, 'Layered materials as a platform for quantum technologies', Nature Nanotechnology, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 555-571.
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Moore, SJ, Deplazes, E & Mancera, RL 2023, 'Influence of force field choice on the conformational landscape of rat and human islet amyloid polypeptide', Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics, vol. 91, no. 3, pp. 338-353.
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AbstractHuman islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) is a naturally occurring, intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) whose abnormal aggregation into toxic soluble oligomers and insoluble amyloid fibrils is a pathological feature in type‐2 diabetes. Rat IAPP (rIAPP) differs from hIAPP by only six amino acids yet has a reduced tendency to aggregate or form fibrils. The structures of the monomeric forms of IAPP are difficult to characterize due to their intrinsically disordered nature. Molecular dynamics simulations can provide a detailed characterization of the monomeric forms of rIAPP and hIAPP in near‐physiological conditions. In this work, the conformational landscapes of rIAPP and hIAPP as a function of secondary structure content were predicted using well‐tempered bias exchange metadynamics simulations. Several combinations of commonly used biomolecular force fields and water models were tested. The predicted conformational preferences of both rIAPP and hIAPP are typical of IDPs, exhibiting dominant random coil structures but showing a low propensity for transient α‐helical conformations. Predicted nuclear magnetic resonance Cα chemical shifts reveal different preferences with each force field towards certain conformations, with AMBERff99SBnmr2/TIP4Pd showing the best agreement with the experiment. Comparisons of secondary structure content demonstrate residue‐specific differences between hIAPP and rIAPP that may reflect their different aggregation propensities.

Moraleda Merlo, AB, Roux, C, Bécue, A & Weyermann, C 2023, 'A comparison of the natural and groomed fingermark lipid composition of different donors using GC/MS', Forensic Science International, vol. 348, pp. 111709-111709.
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Morel, J, McNeilly, O, Grundy, S, Brown, T, Gunawan, C, Amal, R & Scott, JA 2023, 'Nanoscale Titanium Surface Engineering via Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Etching for Enhanced Antimicrobial Properties.', ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, vol. 15, no. 39, pp. 46247-46260.
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Bioinspired nanotopography artificially fabricated on titanium surfaces offers a solution for the rising issue of postoperative infections within orthopedics. On a small scale, hydrothermal etching has proven to deliver an effective antimicrobial nanospike surface. However, translation to an industrial setting is limited by the elevated synthesis temperature (150 °C) and associated equipment requirements. Here, for the first time, we fabricate surface nanostructures using comparatively milder synthesis temperatures (75 °C), which deliver physicochemical properties and antimicrobial capability comparable to the high-temperature surface. Using a KOH etchant, the simultaneous formation of titania and titanate crystals at both temperatures produces a one-dimensional nanostructure array. Analysis indicated that the formation mechanism comprises dissolution and reprecipitation processes, identifying the deposited titanates as hydrated layered tetra-titanates (K2Ti4O9·nH2O). A proposed nanospike formation mechanism was confirmed through the identification of a core and outer shell for individual nanostructures, primarily comprised of titanates and titania, respectively. Etching conditions dictated crystalline formation, favoring a thicker titanate core for nanorods under higher synthesis temperatures and etchant concentrations. A bactericidal investigation showed the efficacy against Gram-negative bacteria for a representative low-temperature nanosurface (34.4 ± 14.4%) was comparable to the higher temperature nanosurface (34.0 ± 17.0%), illustrating the potential of low-temperature hydrothermal synthesis. Our results provide valuable insight into the applicability of low-temperature etching protocols that are more favorable in large-scale manufacturing settings.

Morelato, M, Cadola, L, Bérubé, M, Ribaux, O & Baechler, S 2023, 'Forensic intelligence teaching and learning in higher education: An international approach', Forensic Science International, vol. 344, pp. 111575-111575.
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Morshedi Rad, D, Hansen, WP, Zhand, S, Cranfield, C & Ebrahimi Warkiani, M 2023, 'A hybridized mechano-electroporation technique for efficient immune cell engineering', Journal of Advanced Research.
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Mugunthan, S, Wong, LL, Winnerdy, FR, Summers, S, Bin Ismail, MH, Foo, YH, Jaggi, TK, Meldrum, OW, Tiew, PY, Chotirmall, SH, Rice, SA, Phan, AT, Kjelleberg, S & Seviour, T 2023, 'RNA is a key component of extracellular DNA networks in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms.', Nat Commun, vol. 14, no. 1, p. 7772.
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The extracellular matrix of bacterial biofilms consists of diverse components including polysaccharides, proteins and DNA. Extracellular RNA (eRNA) can also be present, contributing to the structural integrity of biofilms. However, technical difficulties related to the low stability of RNA make it difficult to understand the precise roles of eRNA in biofilms. Here, we show that eRNA associates with extracellular DNA (eDNA) to form matrix fibres in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms, and the eRNA is enriched in certain bacterial RNA transcripts. Degradation of eRNA associated with eDNA led to a loss of eDNA fibres and biofilm viscoelasticity. Compared with planktonic and biofilm cells, the biofilm matrix was enriched in specific mRNA transcripts, including lasB (encoding elastase). The mRNA transcripts colocalised with eDNA fibres in the biofilm matrix, as shown by single molecule inexpensive FISH microscopy (smiFISH). The lasB mRNA was also observed in eDNA fibres in a clinical sputum sample positive for P. aeruginosa. Thus, our results indicate that the interaction of specific mRNAs with eDNA facilitates the formation of viscoelastic networks in the matrix of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms.

Muhammad, I, Ahmed, S, Cao, H, Mahmood, A & Wang, Y-G 2023, 'Three-Dimensional Silicene-Based Materials: A Universal Anode for Monovalent and Divalent Ion Batteries', The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol. 127, no. 2, pp. 1198-1208.
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Muhammad, I, Ahmed, S, Cao, H, Yao, Z, Khan, D, Mahmood, A, Hussain, T, Xiong, X-G, Ahuja, R & Wang, Y-G 2023, '3D porous sulfur-graphdiyne with splendid electrocatalytic and energy storage application', Materials Today Chemistry, vol. 34, pp. 101756-101756.
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Mullens, BG, Nicholas, MK, Marlton, FP, Brand, HEA, Gu, Q, Maynard-Casely, HE & Kennedy, BJ 2023, 'Long-range A-site cation disorder in NaA(MO4)2 (M = Mo, W) double scheelite oxides', Journal of Solid State Chemistry, vol. 321, pp. 123871-123871.
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Mullens, BG, Saura-Múzquiz, M, Marlton, FP, Avdeev, M, Brand, HEA, Mondal, S, Vaitheeswaran, G & Kennedy, BJ 2023, 'Beyond the ionic radii: A multifaceted approach to understand differences between the structures of LnNbO4 and LnTaO4 fergusonites', Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 930, pp. 167399-167399.
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Murray, BR, Hawthorne, T, Curran, TJ, Krix, DW, Wallace, MI, Young, K, Murray, ML, Morley, E, Huber-Smith, N & Webb, JK 2023, 'Shoot flammability patterns among plant species of the wildland–urban interface in the fire-prone Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area', International Journal of Wildland Fire, vol. 32, no. 7, pp. 1119-1134.
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Background Mitigation of wildfires at the wildland–urban interface (WUI) will be enhanced by understanding the flammability of plants growing in this zone. Aims We aimed to: (1) compare shoot flammability among wildland native, and both urban native and urban exotic ornamental plants; (2) quantify relationships between shoot traits and flammability; and (3) establish flammability scores to distinguish low- from high-flammability species. Methods Flammability and traits of field-collected shoots were measured and relationships quantified in 44 species from the Blue Mountains World Heritage Area, Australia. Key results In our study area, urban exotic plants were less flammable than wildland and urban native plants. Slow-igniting shoots had high fuel moisture and bulk density; short-burning shoots had low bulk density and volume; shoots recording low maximum temperatures had high fuel moisture, low bulk density and volume; and shoots with low biomass consumed in flames had high fuel moisture and low volume. Our novel flammability scores distinguished low-flammability (e.g. Lophostemon confertus) from high-flammability native species (e.g. Callistemon citrinus). Conclusions and implications Low-flammability plantings at the WUI should preferably use native species given potential ecological impacts of exotics. We suggest that future work should seek to identify broader suites of low-flammability native species.

Murrihy, RC, Drysdale, SAO, Dedousis-Wallace, A, Rémond, L, McAloon, J, Ellis, DM, Halldorsdottir, T, Greene, RW & Ollendick, TH 2023, 'Community-Delivered Collaborative and Proactive Solutions and Parent Management Training for Oppositional Youth: A Randomized Trial', Behavior Therapy, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 400-417.
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Nazari, H, Shrestha, J, Naei, VY, Bazaz, SR, Sabbagh, M, Thiery, JP & Warkiani, ME 2023, 'Advances in TEER measurements of biological barriers in microphysiological systems', Biosensors and Bioelectronics, vol. 234, pp. 115355-115355.
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Neuteboom, W, Ross, A, Bugeja, L, Willis, S, Roux, C & Lothridge, K 2023, 'Quality Management in forensic science: A closer inspection', Forensic Science International, pp. 111779-111779.
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Nguyen, HM, Ruocco, M, Dattolo, E, Cassetti, FP, Calvo, S, Tomasello, A, Marín‐Guirao, L, Pernice, M & Procaccini, G 2023, 'Signs of local adaptation by genetic selection and isolation promoted by extreme temperature and salinity in the Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica', Molecular Ecology, vol. 32, no. 15, pp. 4313-4328.
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AbstractAdaptation to local conditions is known to occur in seagrasses; however, knowledge of the genetic basis underlying this phenomenon remains scarce. Here, we analysed Posidonia oceanica from six sites within and around the Stagnone di Marsala, a semi‐enclosed coastal lagoon where salinity and temperature exceed the generally described tolerance thresholds of the species. Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) were measured and plant samples were collected for the assessment of morphology, flowering rate and for screening genome‐wide polymorphisms using double digest restriction‐site‐associated DNA sequencing. Results demonstrated more extreme SSTs and salinity levels inside the lagoon than the outer lagoon regions. Morphological results showed significantly fewer and shorter leaves and reduced rhizome growth of P. oceanica from the inner lagoon and past flowering events were recorded only for a meadow farthest away from the lagoon. Using an array of 51,329 single nucleotide polymorphisms, we revealed a clear genetic structure among the study sites and confirmed the genetic isolation and high clonality of the innermost site. In all, 14 outlier loci were identified and annotated with several proteins including those relate to plant stress response, protein transport and regulators of plant‐specific developmental events. Especially, five outlier loci showed maximum allele frequency at the innermost site, likely reflecting adaptation to the extreme temperature and salinity regimes, possibly due to the selection of more resistant genotypes and the progressive restriction of gene flow. Overall, this study helps us to disentangle the genetic basis of seagrass adaptation to local environmental conditions and may support future works on assisted evolution in seagrasses.

Nguyen, LN, Vu, MT, Vu, HP, Johir, MAH, Labeeuw, L, Ralph, PJ, Mahlia, TMI, Pandey, A, Sirohi, R & Nghiem, LD 2023, 'Microalgae-based carbon capture and utilization: A critical review on current system developments and biomass utilization', Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 216-238.
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Nguyen, LT, Pollock, CA & Saad, S 2023, 'Nutrition and Developmental Origins of Kidney Disease', Nutrients, vol. 15, no. 19, pp. 4207-4207.
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The developmental programming hypothesis proposes that adverse environmental insults during critical developmental periods increase the risk of diseases later in life. The kidneys are deemed susceptible to such a process, although the exact mechanisms remain elusive. Many factors have been reported to contribute to the developmental origin of chronic kidney diseases (CKD), among which peri-gestational nutrition has a central role, affecting kidney development and metabolism. Physiologically, the link between malnutrition, reduced glomerular numbers, and increased blood pressure is key in the developmental programming of CKD. However, recent studies regarding oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic modifications, and metabolic changes have revealed potential novel pathways for therapeutic intervention. This review will discuss the role of imbalanced nutrition in the development of CKD.

Nickovic, S, Petković, S, Ilić, L, Pejanović, G, Mijić, Z, Huete, A & Marks, G 2023, 'Prediction of airborne pollen and sub-pollen particles for thunderstorm asthma outbreaks assessment', Science of The Total Environment, vol. 864, pp. 160879-160879.
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Nielsen, S, Barratt, M, Hiley, S, Bartlett, M, Latimer, J, Jauncey, M, Roux, C, Morelato, M, Clark, N, Kowalski, M, Gilbert, M, Francia, L, Shipton, A, Gerostamoulos, D, Glowacki, L & Lam, T 2023, 'Monitoring for fentanyl within Australian supervised injecting facilities: Findings from feasibility testing of novel methods and collaborative workshops', International Journal of Drug Policy, vol. 115, pp. 104015-104015.
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Nonahal, M, Horder, J, Gale, A, Ding, L, Li, C, Hennessey, M, Ha, ST, Toth, M & Aharonovich, I 2023, 'Deterministic Fabrication of a Coupled Cavity–Emitter System in Hexagonal Boron Nitride', Nano Letters, vol. 23, no. 14, pp. 6645-6650.
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Nonahal, M, Li, C, Ren, H, Spencer, L, Kianinia, M, Toth, M & Aharonovich, I 2023, 'Engineering Quantum Nanophotonic Components from Hexagonal Boron Nitride', Laser & Photonics Reviews, vol. 17, no. 8.
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AbstractIntegrated quantum photonics (IQP) provides a path to practical, scalable quantum computation, communications and information processing. Realization of an IQP platform requires controlled engineering of many nanophotonic components. However, the range of materials for monolithic platforms is limited by the simultaneous need for high‐quality quantum light sources, high optical performance, and availability of scalable nanofabrication techniques. Here, the fabrication of IQP components from the recently emerged material hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), including tapered waveguides, microdisks, and 1D and 2D photonic crystal cavities, is demonstrated. Resonators with quality factors greater than 4000 are achieved, and proof‐of‐principle complex, free‐standing IQP circuitry fabricated from single‐crystal hBN is engineered. The results show the potential of hBN for scalable integrated quantum technologies.

Noorian, P, Hoque, MM, Espinoza-Vergara, G & McDougald, D 2023, 'Environmental Reservoirs of Pathogenic Vibrio spp. and Their Role in Disease: The List Keeps Expanding', pp. 99-126.
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O’Connell, MJ, Fowler, AM, Allan, SJ, Beretta, GA & Booth, DJ 2023, 'Subtropical coral expansion into SE Australia: a haven for both temperate and expatriating tropical reef fishes', Coral Reefs.
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AbstractWe examined reef fish assemblages in and adjacent to a newly established coral bed (subtropical Pocillopora aliciae) in temperate south-eastern Australia, to understand whether novel coral habitat is facilitating assemblages of range-expanding tropical and local temperate fishes. This is the first comprehensive assessment of fish species associating with this novel coral habitat within a temperate environment. Twenty fish species were observed associating with the coral (8 tropical and 12 temperate). Both temperate and tropical species were observed at greater (up to 48 times higher) densities on the coral than on nearby temperate rocky reef in the area, suggesting that the corals generally concentrate fish and may aid in tropicalisation for species that use subtropical coral as habitat. Future research should investigate the ongoing expansion of this coral, the relative quality of coral habitat for fish in temperate regions and the potential implications for functioning of temperate rocky reef ecosystems.

Ochwada-Doyle, F, Hughes, J, Fowler, AM, Murphy, J, Stark, K, Lowry, M, West, L & Taylor, MD 2023, 'Quantifying the potential impact of reducing recreational harvest limits on the catch of a key marine species using off-site angler survey data', ICES Journal of Marine Science, vol. 80, no. 2, pp. 295-307.
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Abstract Recreational fishing can have substantial ecological impacts, which must be managed against a background of critical socio-economic factors. However, it is often difficult to assess the effect of altered management arrangements on this sector’s harvest. Recreational fishing surveys can assist in quantifying the impact of changes to harvest limits. Here, we use survey data collected in 2013/2014 and 2017/2018 to estimate the total catch of Dusky Flathead (Platycephalus fuscus), a key Australian marine species, under a daily harvest limit of 10 fish per angler and simulated scenarios where the limit is reduced to 5, 3, or 1 fish per angler. We then test the significance of these changes in harvest limit on catch and also model the potential effects of year and region using generalized linear mixed models (GLMMz). For both sampled time periods, the GLMMz found that only the most stringent harvest limit reduction to 1 fish per angler would lower retained harvest significantly. None of the reductions in harvest limit increased the number of released Dusky Flathead significantly. We discuss how this novel quantitative approach can be used to inform alternative output management regulations by taking into account their potential ecological and socio-economic benefits for a recreational fishery.

Oktar, FN, Unal, S, Gunduz, O, Nissan, BB, Macha, IJ, Akyol, S, Duta, L, Ekren, N, Altan, E & Yetmez, M 2023, 'Correction to: Marine-derived bioceramics for orthopedic, reconstructive and dental surgery applications', Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society, vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 267-267.
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Oktar, FN, Unal, S, Gunduz, O, Nissan, BB, Macha, IJ, Akyol, S, Duta, L, Ekren, N, Altan, E & Yetmez, M 2023, 'Marine-derived bioceramics for orthopedic, reconstructive and dental surgery applications', Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society, vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 57-81.
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Ortega, JS, Corrales-Orovio, R, Ralph, P, Egaña, JT & Gentile, C 2023, 'Photosynthetic microorganisms for the oxygenation of advanced 3D bioprinted tissues', Acta Biomaterialia, vol. 165, pp. 180-196.
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Otsuka, Y, Ben-Nissan, B, Kono, H, Sasaki, T & Kikuchi, M 2023, 'Mechanochemical synthesis and characterization of strontium substituted apatite for biomedical application', Open Ceramics, vol. 16, pp. 100459-100459.
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Otsuka, Y, Sasaki, D, Kusamori, K, Nishikawa, M & Ben-Nissan, B 2023, 'Investigation of the crystallinity change after the addition of magnesium hydroxides into the calcium phosphate during mechanochemical synthesis: an FTIR spectroscopy, XRD analysis, chemometrics, and cell culture', Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society, vol. 59, no. 5, pp. 1373-1380.
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Pan, Y, Peng, D, Chen, JM, Myneni, RB, Zhang, X, Huete, AR, Fu, YH, Zheng, S, Yan, K, Yu, L, Zhu, P, Shen, M, Ju, W, Zhu, W, Xie, Q, Huang, W, Chen, Z, Huang, J & Wu, C 2023, 'Climate-driven land surface phenology advance is overestimated due to ignoring land cover changes', Environmental Research Letters, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 044045-044045.
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Abstract Global warming has led to earlier spring green-up dates (GUDs) in recent decades with significant consequences for global carbon and hydrologic cycles. In addition to changes in climate, land cover change (LCC), including interchanges between vegetation and non-vegetation, and among plants with different functional traits, may also affect GUD. Here, we analyzed how satellite-derived GUD from 1992 to 2020 was impacted by changes in temperature, precipitation, standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), solar radiation, and LCC for the Northern Hemisphere (>30° N). While the climate variables had larger impact overall, variability in GUD was controlled by LCC for 6% of the Northern Hemisphere, with systematically earlier or later changes among transitions between different land cover types. These changes were found mainly along the southeastern coast of the United States, in Central-north Europe, and across northeastern China. We further showed that climate change attribution of earlier GUD during 1992–2020 was overestimated by three days when the impact of LCC was ignored. Our results deepen the understanding of how LCC impacts GUD variability and enables scientists to more accurately evaluate the impact of climate change on land surface phenology.

Patel, VK, Vishwas, S, Kumar, R, De, RG, Shukla, SD, Paudel, KR, Manandhar, B, Singh, TG, Chellappan, DK, Gulati, M, Kaur, IP, Allam, VSRR, Hansbro, PM, Oliver, BG, MacLoughlin, R, Singh, SK & Dua, K 2023, 'Tackling the cytokine storm using advanced drug delivery in allergic airway disease', Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, vol. 82, pp. 104366-104366.
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Patro, M, Duggin, IG, Albers, S-V & Ithurbide, S 2023, ''Influence of plasmids, selection markers and auxotrophic mutations on Haloferax volcanii cell shape plasticity'.', Front Microbiol, vol. 14, p. 1270665.
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Haloferax volcanii and other Haloarchaea can be pleomorphic, adopting different shapes, which vary with growth stages. Several studies have shown that H. volcanii cell shape is sensitive to various external factors including growth media and physical environment. In addition, several studies have noticed that the presence of a recombinant plasmid in the cells is also a factor impacting H. volcanii cell shape, notably by favoring the development of rods in early stages of growth. Here we investigated the reasons for this phenomenon by first studying the impact of auxotrophic mutations on cell shape in strains that are commonly used as genetic backgrounds for selection during strain engineering (namely: H26, H53, H77, H98, and H729) and secondly, by studying the effect of the presence of different plasmids containing selection markers on the cell shape of these strains. Our study showed that most of these auxotrophic strains have variation in cell shape parameters including length, aspect ratio, area and circularity and that the plasmid presence is impacting these parameters too. Our results indicated that ΔhdrB strains and hdrB selection markers have the most influence on H. volcanii cell shape, in addition to the sole presence of a plasmid. Finally, we discuss limitations in studying cell shape in H. volcanii and make recommendations based on our results for improving reproducibility of such studies.

Paudel, KR, Manandhar, B, Singh, S, Gupta, G, Hansbro, P, Chellappan, DK & Dua, K 2023, 'Cytotoxic mechanisms of berberine-phytantriol liquid crystalline nanoparticles against non-small-cell lung cancer', EXCLI Journal : Experimental and Clinical Sciences, vol. 22, pp. 516-519.
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Paudel, KR, Rajput, R, De, RG, Raju, AVSR, Williams, K, Singh, SK, Gupta, G, Salunke, P, Hansbro, PM, Gerlach, J & Dua, K 2023, 'In vitro anti-cancer activity of a polyherbal preparation, VEDICINALS®9, against A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells', Pathology - Research and Practice, vol. 250, pp. 154832-154832.
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Pitiyarachchi, O, Lee, YC, Sim, H-W, Srirangan, S, Mapagu, C, Kirk, J, Harnett, PR, Balleine, RL, Bowtell, DDL, Samimi, G, Brand, AH, Marsh, DJ, Beale, P, Anderson, L, Bouantoun, N, Provan, P, INOVATe, I, Ramus, SJ, DeFazio, A & Friedlander, M 2023, 'Older age should not be a barrier to testing for somatic variants in homologous recombination DNA repair-related genes in patients with high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma.', Transl Oncol, vol. 31, pp. 101638-101638.
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BACKGROUND: Somatic pathogenic variants (PVs) in homologous recombination DNA repair (HR)-related genes found in high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSC) are not well-characterised in older patients (≥70 years). This may reflect low testing rates in older patients. METHODS: Data from 1210 HGSC patients in AACR Project GENIE and 324 patients in an independent dataset INOVATe were analysed. Cases where somatic variants could be distinguished from germline variants were included, and analysis was restricted to those with a somatic TP53 variant, to ensure cases were HGSC. RESULTS: Of 1210 patients in GENIE, 27% (n = 325) were aged ≥70 years at testing. Patients with somatic-only PVs in BRCA2 were older compared with BRCA1 (median 71 vs 60 years, p = 0.002). Median age for 21 patients with somatic-only PVs in 11 other HR-related genes ranged from 40 to 67 years. In older patients, 7% (n = 22) had somatic BRCA1/2 PVs, and 1% (n = 2) had PVs other HR-related genes; this rate was not significantly different to younger patients (<70 years), 7% (n = 62) BRCA1/2 and 2% (n = 19) other HR-related genes (p = 0.36). The overall frequency of somatic BRCA1/2 PVs was similar in INOVATe (n = 25; 7.7%) and somatic-only BRCA2 PVs were again found in older patients compared with BRCA1 (median age: at testing, 70 vs 63 years; at diagnosis, 68 vs 60 years). CONCLUSIONS: The overall frequency of somatic-only PVs in HR-related genes was similar in older and younger patients with HGSC, highlighting the importance of somatic testing irrespective of age. Limiting somatic testing by age may exclude patients who could benefit from maintenance poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors.

Piwczyński, M, Granjon, L, Trzeciak, P, Carlos Brito, J, Oana Popa, M, Daba Dinka, M, Johnston, NP & Boratyński, Z 2023, 'Unraveling phylogenetic relationships and species boundaries in the arid adapted Gerbillus rodents (Muridae: Gerbillinae) by RAD-seq data', Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, vol. 189, pp. 107913-107913.
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Platen, E & Tappe, S 2023, 'No arbitrage and multiplicative special semimartingales', Advances in Applied Probability, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 1033-1074.
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AbstractConsider a financial market with nonnegative semimartingales which does not need to have a numéraire. We are interested in the absence of arbitrage in the sense that no self-financing portfolio gives rise to arbitrage opportunities, where we are allowed to add a savings account to the market. We will prove that in this sense the market is free of arbitrage if and only if there exists an equivalent local martingale deflator which is a multiplicative special semimartingale. In this case, the additional savings account relates to the finite-variation part of the multiplicative decomposition of the deflator.

Pokhrel, A, Dinh, H, Li, L, Hassan, KA, Cain, AK & Paulsen, IT 2023, 'Identification of a Novel LysR Family Transcriptional Regulator Controlling Acquisition of Sulfur Sources in <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>', Microbial Physiology, pp. 27-35.
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<sc>l</sc>-cysteine biosynthesis from inorganic sulfur represents a major mechanism by which reduced sulfur is incorporated into organic compounds. Cysteine biosynthesis and regulation is well characterized in <i>Escherichia coli</i>. However, the regulation of sulfur metabolism in <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> is only partly understood, with the LysR-type regulator, GigC known to control some aspects of sulfur reduction. In this study, we have used transcriptomics and bioinformatic analyses to characterize a novel LysR-type transcriptional regulator encoded by ABUW_1016 (<i>cbl</i>), in a highly multidrug resistant and virulent isolate of <i>A. baumannii.</i> We have shown that Cbl is involved in controlling expression of the genes required for uptake and reduction of various sulfur sources in <i>A. baumannii</i>. Collectively, we have identified the global regulon of Cbl and proposed a model of cysteine biosynthesis and its regulation by Cbl and GigC in <i>A. baumannii</i>.

Pouwels, SD, van, DBM, Vasse, GF, Timens, W, Brandsma, C-A, Aliee, H, Hiemstra, PS, Guryev, V & Faiz, A 2023, 'Smoking increases expression of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-binding long ACE2 isoform in bronchial epithelium.', Respir Res, vol. 24, no. 1, p. 130.
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After more than two years the COVID-19 pandemic, that is caused by infection with the respiratory SARS-CoV-2 virus, is still ongoing. The risk to develop severe COVID-19 upon SARS-CoV-2 infection is increased in individuals with a high age, high body mass index, and who are smoking. The SARS-CoV-2 virus infects cells of the upper respiratory tract by entering these cells upon binding to the Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. ACE2 is expressed in various cell types in the lung but the expression is especially high in goblet and ciliated cells. Recently, it was shown that next to its full-length isoform, ACE2 also has a short isoform. The short isoform is unable to bind SARS-CoV-2 and does not facilitate viral entry. In the current study we investigated whether active cigarette smoking increases the expression of the long or the short ACE2 isoform. We showed that in active smokers the expression of the long, active isoform, but not the short isoform of ACE2 is higher compared to never smokers. Additionally, it was shown that the expression of especially the long, active isoform of ACE2 was associated with secretory, club and goblet epithelial cells. This study increases our understanding of why current smokers are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, in addition to the already established increased risk to develop severe COVID-19.

Power, T, Kennedy, P, Chen, H, Martinez-Maldonado, R, McGregor, C, Johnson, A, Townsend, L & Hayes, C 2023, 'Learning to Manage De-escalation Through Simulation: An Exploratory Study', Clinical Simulation in Nursing, vol. 77, pp. 23-29.
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Prakash, S & Lin, G 2023, 'Multiphysics of microfluidics and nanofluidics', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 133, no. 12, pp. 120401-120401.
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Prasad, E, Atwood, L, van Oorschot, RAH, McNevin, D, Barash, M & Raymond, J 2023, 'Trace DNA recovery rates from firearms and ammunition as revealed by casework data', Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 73-88.
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Price, OF, Mikac, K, Wilson, N, Roberts, B, Critescu, RH, Gallagher, R, Mallee, J, Donatiou, P, Webb, J, Keith, DA, Letnic, M & Mackenzie, BDE 2023, 'Short‐term impacts of the 2019–20 fire season on biodiversity in eastern Australia', Austral Ecology, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 3-11.
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AbstractTo address uncertainties surrounding the impacts of unprecedented 2019–20 bushfires in south‐eastern Australia, we convened a symposium on field‐measured impacts on biodiversity for the 2020 Ecological Society of Australia conference. Nine presentations covered a range of studies on plant species and communities, and reptiles and mammals. Here, we summarize the presentations and review other field studies from NSW, some of which are currently unpublished. The impacts were extensive, but results also estimated survival rate perhaps higher than first reported in the media. More than half of individual mammal, reptile and threatened rainforest trees may have survived the fire, though small populations remain very vulnerable to second fire in the near future. Comprehensive understanding of the impacts of these fires requires much more field study, and for the results to be interpreted in the context of the broader fire regime. The symposium was an important early step in that understanding.

Price, S, Kuzhiumparambil, U, Pernice, M, Herdean, A & Ralph, P 2023, 'Enhancement of cyanobacterial PHB production using random chemical mutagenesis with detection through FACS', Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 297-306.
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Prity, FT, Tobin, LA, Maharajan, R, Paulsen, IT, Cain, AK & Hamidian, M 2023, 'The evolutionary tale of eight novel plasmids in a colistin-resistant environmental Acinetobacter baumannii isolate.', Microb Genom, vol. 9, no. 5, p. mgen001010.
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Acinetobacter baumannii is an important opportunistic pathogen known for its high levels of resistance to many antibiotics, particularly those considered last resorts such as colistin and carbapenems. Plasmids of this organism are increasingly associated with the spread of clinically important antibiotic resistance genes. Although A. baumannii is a ubiquitous organism, to date, most of the focus has been on studying strains recovered from clinical samples ignoring those isolated in the environment (soil, water, food, etc.). Here, we analysed the genetic structures of eight novel plasmids carried by an environmental colistin-resistant A. baumannii (strain E-072658) recovered in a recycled fibre pulp in a paper mill in Finland. It was shown that E-072658 carries a new variant of the mcr-4 colistin resistance gene (mcr-4.7) in a novel Tn3-family transposon (called Tn6926) carried by a novel plasmid p8E072658. E-072658 is also resistant to sulphonamide compounds; consistent with this, the sul2 sulphonamide resistance gene was found in a pdif module. E-072658 also carries six additional plasmids with no antibiotic resistance genes, but they contained several pdif modules shared with plasmids carried by clinical strains. Detailed analysis of the genetic structure of all eight plasmids carried by E-072658 showed a complex evolutionary history revealing genetic exchange events within the genus Acinetobacter beyond the clinical or environmental origin of the strains. This work provides evidence that environmental strains might act as a source for some of the clinically significant antibiotic resistance genes.

Qiao, L, Fang, L, Lv, Q, Xu, S, Jia, F, Wu, W, Picozzi, S, Pyatakov, AP, Reimers, JR & Ren, W 2023, 'Predicting layered itinerant magnetic Fe3SiSe2 with spontaneous valley polarization', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 133, no. 20.
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Density functional theory calculations are performed to systematically investigate the electronic and magnetic properties of few-layer and bulk Fe3SiSe2 (FSS). We predict that the bulk FSS has a metallic ground state and a layered structure displaying intralayer ferromagnetic ordering and interlayer antiferromagnetic ordering. The itinerant magnetism in the FSS was determined by the Stoner criterion. Predictions of the absence of unstable phonon modes and a moderate cleavage energy of only 28.3 meV/Å2 suggest the possibility of stabilizing FSS in a monolayer form. The calculated spin–orbit coupling facilitates not only a large magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy, around 500 μeV/Fe, but also spontaneous valley polarization in odd-numbered layer systems. These systems have net magnetic moments as the magnetic moments of AFM-ordered layers are not fully compensated in the odd-numbered layer case and are predicted to show 2D metallic behaviors. The magnitude of the valley polarization in odd-numbered layered systems decreases from 18 meV with layer number but is absent in even-layered structures, thus showing an odd–even oscillation effect. Experimental realization of this bidimensional metallic magnet is, therefore, expected to widen the arena of two-dimensional materials that show exotic phenomena.

Qu, J, Cao, X, Gao, L, Li, J, Li, L, Xie, Y, Zhao, Y, Zhang, J, Wu, M & Liu, H 2023, 'Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction to Ethylene: From Mechanistic Understanding to Catalyst Surface Engineering', Nano-Micro Letters, vol. 15, no. 1.
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AbstractElectrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) provides a promising way to convert CO2 to chemicals. The multicarbon (C2+) products, especially ethylene, are of great interest due to their versatile industrial applications. However, selectively reducing CO2 to ethylene is still challenging as the additional energy required for the C–C coupling step results in large overpotential and many competing products. Nonetheless, mechanistic understanding of the key steps and preferred reaction pathways/conditions, as well as rational design of novel catalysts for ethylene production have been regarded as promising approaches to achieving the highly efficient and selective CO2RR. In this review, we first illustrate the key steps for CO2RR to ethylene (e.g., CO2 adsorption/activation, formation of *CO intermediate, C–C coupling step), offering mechanistic understanding of CO2RR conversion to ethylene. Then the alternative reaction pathways and conditions for the formation of ethylene and competitive products (C1 and other C2+ products) are investigated, guiding the further design and development of preferred conditions for ethylene generation. Engineering strategies of Cu-based catalysts for CO2RR-ethylene are further summarized, and the correlations of reaction mechanism/pathways, engineering strategies and selectivity are elaborated. Finally, major challenges and perspectives in the research area of CO2RR are proposed for future development and practical applications.

Quinteros, SL, von, KE, Snyder, NW, Tanaka, A, O'Brien, B & Donnelly, S 2023, 'The helminth derived peptide FhHDM-1 redirects macrophage metabolism towards glutaminolysis to regulate the pro-inflammatory response.', Front Immunol, vol. 14, p. 1018076.
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We have previously identified an immune modulating peptide, termed FhHDM-1, within the secretions of the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, which is sufficiently potent to prevent the progression of type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis in murine models of disease. Here, we have determined that the FhHDM-1 peptide regulates inflammation by reprogramming macrophage metabolism. Specifically, FhHDM-1 switched macrophage metabolism to a dependence on oxidative phosphorylation fuelled by fatty acids and supported by the induction of glutaminolysis. The catabolism of glutamine also resulted in an accumulation of alpha ketoglutarate (α-KG). These changes in metabolic activity were associated with a concomitant reduction in glycolytic flux, and the subsequent decrease in TNF and IL-6 production at the protein level. Interestingly, FhHDM-1 treated macrophages did not express the characteristic genes of an M2 phenotype, thereby indicating the specific regulation of inflammation, as opposed to the induction of an anti-inflammatory phenotype per se. Use of an inactive derivative of FhHDM-1, which did not modulate macrophage responses, revealed that the regulation of immune responses was dependent on the ability of FhHDM-1 to modulate lysosomal pH. These results identify a novel functional association between the lysosome and mitochondrial metabolism in macrophages, and further highlight the significant therapeutic potential of FhHDM-1 to prevent inflammation.

Quiroz, M, Nott, DJ & Kohn, R 2023, 'Gaussian Variational Approximations for High-dimensional State Space Models', Bayesian Analysis, vol. 18, no. 3.
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Radfar, P, Ding, L, Es, HA & Warkiani, ME 2023, 'A Microfluidic Approach for Enrichment and Single-Cell Characterization of Circulating Tumor Cells from Peripheral Blood', pp. 141-150.
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Rahman, MA, Mamun, SMN, Hossain, AKMA & Ton-That, C 2023, 'ZnO Nanorods on Li-Doped ZnO Thin Films for Efficient p–n Homojunction Light-Emitting Diodes', ACS Applied Nano Materials, vol. 6, no. 17, pp. 15757-15763.
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Rahman, MK, Umashankar, B, Choucair, H, Pazderka, C, Bourget, K, Chen, Y, Dunstan, CR, Rawling, T & Murray, M 2023, 'Inclusion of the in-chain sulfur in 3-thiaCTU increases the efficiency of mitochondrial targeting and cell killing by anticancer aryl-urea fatty acids', European Journal of Pharmacology, vol. 939, pp. 175470-175470.
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Rangel Pinagé, E, Bell, DM, Longo, M, Silva, CA, Csillik, O & Huete, A 2023, 'Surface Energy Dynamics and Canopy Structural Properties in Intact and Disturbed Forests in the Southern Amazon', Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, vol. 128, no. 9.
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AbstractThe Brazilian Amazon has been a focus of land development with large swaths of forests converted to agriculture. Forest degradation by selective logging and fires has accompanied the agricultural frontier and has resulted in significant impacts on Amazonian ecosystems. Changes in forest structure resulting from forest disturbances have large impacts on the surface energy balance, including on land surface temperature (LST) and evapotranspiration (ET). This study's objective is to assess the effects of forest disturbances on water fluxes and forest structure in a transitional forest site in the Southern Amazon. We used ET and LST products from MODIS and Landsat 8 and GEDI‐derived forest structure data to address our research questions. We found that disturbances induced seasonal water stress, more pronounced in croplands/pastures than in forests (differences up to 20% in the dry season), and more pronounced in second‐growth and recently burned areas than in logged and intact forests (differences up to 12% in the dry season). Moreover, ET and LST were negatively related, with more consistent relationships across disturbance classes in the dry season (R2: 0.41–0.87) than in the wet season (R2: 0.18–0.49). Forest and cropland or pasture classes showed contrasting relationships in the dry season. Finally, we found that forest structure exhibited stronger relationships with ET and LST in the most disturbed forests (R2: 0.01–0.43) than in the least disturbed forests (R2 < 0.05). Our findings help to elucidate degraded forests functioning under a changing climate and to improve estimates of water and energy fluxes in Amazonian degraded forests.

Rangsrikitphoti, P, Marquez-Garban, DC, Pietras, RJ, McGowan, E & Boonyaratanakornkit, V 2023, 'Sex steroid hormones and DNA repair regulation: Implications on cancer treatment responses', The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, vol. 227, pp. 106230-106230.
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Rathnayake, SNH, Ditz, B, Willemse, BWM, Timens, W, Kooistra, W, Heijink, IH, Oliver, BGG, van den Berge, M, Faiz, A, Aliee, H, Theis, FJ & Nawijn, MC 2023, 'Longitudinal Effects of 1-Year Smoking Cessation on Human Bronchial Epithelial Transcriptome', CHEST, vol. 164, no. 1, pp. 85-89.
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Rayamajhee, B, Williams, NLR, Siboni, N, Rodgers, K, Willcox, M, Henriquez, FL, Seymour, JR, Potts, J, Johnson, C, Scanes, P & Carnt, N 2023, 'Identification and quantification of Acanthamoeba spp. within seawater at four coastal lagoons on the east coast of Australia', Science of The Total Environment, vol. 901, pp. 165862-165862.
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Razavi Bazaz, S, Zhand, S, Salomon, R, Beheshti, EH, Jin, D & Warkiani, ME 2023, 'ImmunoInertial microfluidics: A novel strategy for isolation of small EV subpopulations', Applied Materials Today, vol. 30, pp. 101730-101730.
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Rebej, M, Juřena, T, Vondál, J, Fuente Herraiz, D, Červený, J & Jegla, Z 2023, 'Numerical simulations and validation of single- and two-phase flow in a stirred lab-scale photobioreactor', Biosystems Engineering, vol. 230, pp. 35-50.
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Reddy, KD & Oliver, BGG 2023, 'Sexual dimorphism in chronic respiratory diseases', Cell & Bioscience, vol. 13, no. 1, p. 47.
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AbstractSex differences in susceptibility, severity, and progression are prevalent for various diseases in multiple organ systems. This phenomenon is particularly apparent in respiratory diseases. Asthma demonstrates an age-dependent pattern of sexual dimorphism. However, marked differences between males and females exist in other pervasive conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. The sex hormones estrogen and testosterone are commonly considered the primary factors causing sexual dimorphism in disease. However, how they contribute to differences in disease onset between males and females remains undefined. The sex chromosomes are an under-investigated fundamental form of sexual dimorphism. Recent studies highlight key X and Y-chromosome-linked genes that regulate vital cell processes and can contribute to disease-relevant mechanisms. This review summarises patterns of sex differences in asthma, COPD and lung cancer, highlighting physiological mechanisms causing the observed dimorphism. We also describe the role of the sex hormones and present candidate genes on the sex chromosomes as potential factors contributing to sexual dimorphism in disease.

Reimers, JR & Low, PJ 2023, 'Molecular electronics: an Australian perspective', Australian Journal of Chemistry, vol. 76, no. 9, pp. 559-580.
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Molecular electronics is a scientific endeavour that, for 60 years, has offered the promise of new technologies in which molecules integrate with, if not entirely replace, semiconductor electronics. En route to the attainment of these ambitious goals, central aspects underpinning the pursuit of this science have proven critical to the development of related technologies, including organic photovoltaics (OPV) and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Looking ahead, new opportunities in the field abound, from the study of molecular charge transport and the elucidation of molecular reaction mechanisms, to the development of biocompatible and degradable electronics, and the construction of novel chemical sensors with exquisite sensitivity and specificity. This article reviews historical developments in molecular electronics, with a particular focus on Australia’s contributions to the area. Australia’s current activity in molecular electronics research is also summarised, highlighting the capacity to both advance fundamental knowledge and develop new technologies. Scientific aspects considered include capabilities in: single molecule and molecular–monolayer junction measurement; spectroscopic analysis of molecular components and materials; synthetic chemistry; computational analysis of molecular materials and junctions; and the development of theoretical concepts that describe the electrical characteristics of molecular components, materials and putative device structures. Technological aspects considered include various aspects of molecular material design and implementation, such as: OPV and OLED construction, sensing technologies and applications, and power generation from heat gradients or friction. Missing capabilities are identified, and a future pathway for Australian scientific and technological development envisaged.

Rennie, C, Huang, Y, Siwakoti, P, Du, Z, Padula, M, Bao, G, Tuch, BE, Xu, X & McClements, L 2023, 'In vitro evaluation of a hybrid drug-delivery nanosystem for fibrosis prevention in cell therapy for Type 1 diabetes', Nanomedicine, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 53-66.
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Background: Implantation of insulin-secreting cells has been trialed as a treatment for Type 1 diabetes mellitus; however, the host immunogenic response limits their effectiveness. Methodology: The authors developed a core-shell nanostructure of upconversion nanoparticle-mesoporous silica for controlled local delivery of an immunomodulatory agent, MCC950, using near-infrared light and validated it in in vitro models of fibrosis. Results: The individual components of the nanosystem did not affect the proliferation of insulin-secreting cells, unlike fibroblast proliferation (p < 0.01). The nanosystem is effective at releasing MCC950 and preventing fibroblast differentiation (p < 0.01), inflammation (IL-6 expression; p < 0.05) and monocyte adhesion (p < 0.01). Conclusion: This MCC950-loaded nanomedicine system could be used in the future together with insulin-secreting cell implants to increase their longevity as a curative treatment for Type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Rey Gomez, LM, Hirani, R, Care, A, Inglis, DW & Wang, Y 2023, 'Emerging Microfluidic Devices for Sample Preparation of Undiluted Whole Blood to Enable the Detection of Biomarkers', ACS Sensors, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 1404-1421.
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Robertson, IO, Scholten, SC, Singh, P, Healey, AJ, Meneses, F, Reineck, P, Abe, H, Ohshima, T, Kianinia, M, Aharonovich, I & Tetienne, J-P 2023, 'Detection of Paramagnetic Spins with an Ultrathin van der Waals Quantum Sensor', ACS Nano, vol. 17, no. 14, pp. 13408-13417.
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Rodrigues, JS, Kovács, L, Lukeš, M, Höper, R, Steuer, R, Červený, J, Lindberg, P & Zavřel, T 2023, 'Characterizing isoprene production in cyanobacteria – Insights into the effects of light, temperature, and isoprene on Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803', Bioresource Technology, vol. 380, pp. 129068-129068.
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Rouet, R, Henry, JY, Johansen, MD, Sobti, M, Balachandran, H, Langley, DB, Walker, GJ, Lenthall, H, Jackson, J, Ubiparipovic, S, Mazigi, O, Schofield, P, Burnett, DL, Brown, SHJ, Martinello, M, Hudson, B, Gilroy, N, Post, JJ, Kelleher, A, Jäck, H-M, Goodnow, CC, Turville, SG, Rawlinson, WD, Bull, RA, Stewart, AG, Hansbro, PM & Christ, D 2023, 'Broadly neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies through epitope-based selection from convalescent patients.', Nat Commun, vol. 14, no. 1, p. 687.
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Emerging variants of concern (VOCs) are threatening to limit the effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies and vaccines currently used in clinical practice; broadly neutralizing antibodies and strategies for their identification are therefore urgently required. Here we demonstrate that broadly neutralizing antibodies can be isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of convalescent patients using SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domains carrying epitope-specific mutations. This is exemplified by two human antibodies, GAR05, binding to epitope class 1, and GAR12, binding to a new epitope class 6 (located between class 3 and 5). Both antibodies broadly neutralize VOCs, exceeding the potency of the clinical monoclonal sotrovimab (S309) by orders of magnitude. They also provide prophylactic and therapeutic in vivo protection of female hACE2 mice against viral challenge. Our results indicate that exposure to SARS-CoV-2 induces antibodies that maintain broad neutralization against emerging VOCs using two unique strategies: either by targeting the divergent class 1 epitope in a manner resistant to VOCs (ACE2 mimicry, as illustrated by GAR05 and mAbs P2C-1F11/S2K14); or alternatively, by targeting rare and highly conserved epitopes, such as the new class 6 epitope identified here (as illustrated by GAR12). Our results provide guidance for next generation monoclonal antibody development and vaccine design.

Rourke, ML, Walburn, JW, Broadhurst, MK, Fowler, AM, Hughes, JM, Fielder, DS, DiBattista, JD & Furlan, EM 2023, 'Poor utility of environmental DNA for estimating the biomass of a threatened freshwater teleost; but clear direction for future candidate assessments', Fisheries Research, vol. 258, pp. 106545-106545.
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Roy, CP, Hastak, P, DeMaere, M, Wyrsch, E, Li, D, Elankumaran, P, Dolejska, M, Browning, GF, Marenda, MS, Gottlieb, T, Cheong, E, Merlino, J, Myers, GSA & Djordjevic, SP 2023, 'Phylogenomic analysis of a global collection of Escherichia coli ST38: evidence of interspecies and environmental transmission?', mSystems, vol. 8, no. 5, p. e0123622.
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We performed a comprehensive phylogenomic analysis of 925 extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) ST38 genomes from 38 countries and diverse hosts and sources. The phylogeny resolved two broad clades: A (593 strains; 91% human) and B (332 isolates; 42% human), each with distinct ST38 clusters linked to the carriage of specific bla CTX-M alleles, often in association with other antibiotic resistance genes, class 1 integrons and specific plasmid replicon types. Co-carriage of fyuA and irp2 virulence genes, a reliable proxy for carriage of the Yersinia high-pathogenicity island, featured in 580 (62.7%) genomes. ST38 lineages carrying combinations of ExPEC and intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli virulence factors were also identified. The F plasmid replicon was identified in 536 (58%) genomes, and 112 of these (21%) carry cjrABC-senB, a virulence operon frequently identified in pandemic ExPEC sequence types. Most (108; 96.4%) cjrABC-senB+ ST38 isolates were from human and other sources, except food animals, and were associated with F5:A-:B10 (41 isolates), F1:A2:B20 (20 isolates), and F24:A-:B1 (15 isolates) F replicon types. ST38 genomes that were inferred to carry a ColV-F virulence plasmid (69; 7.4%) were mostly from human (12; 17.4%), avian (26; 37.7%), or poultry (10; 6.9%) sources. We identified multiple examples of putative inter-host and host-environment transmission events, where genomes differed by <35 SNPs. This work emphasizes the importance of adopting a One Health approach for phylogenomic studies that seek to improve understanding of antimicrobial resistance and pathogen evolution. IMPORTANCE Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) sequence type (ST) 38 is one of the top 10 human pandemic lineages. Although a major cause of urinary tract and blood stream infections, ST38 has been poorly characterized from a global phylogenomic perspective. A comprehensive genome-scale analysis of 925 ST38 isolate genomes identified ...

Russell, K, Kelty, SF & Scudder, N 2023, 'Public and family support and concerns for providing DNA to law enforcement in long-term missing person cases', Science & Justice, vol. 63, no. 2, pp. 149-157.
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Russell, K, Kelty, SF & Scudder, N 2023, 'Public/family concerns for providing DNA in missing persons cases: Paper 2: The main concerns raised and implications for policing policy', Science & Justice, vol. 63, no. 6, pp. 671-679.
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Ryan, TAJ, Hooftman, A, Rehill, AM, Johansen, MD, Brien, ECO, Toller-Kawahisa, JE, Wilk, MM, Day, EA, Weiss, HJ, Sarvari, P, Vozza, EG, Schramm, F, Peace, CG, Zotta, A, Miemczyk, S, Nalkurthi, C, Hansbro, NG, McManus, G, O'Doherty, L, Gargan, S, Long, A, Dunne, J, Cheallaigh, CN, Conlon, N, Carty, M, Fallon, PG, Mills, KHG, Creagh, EM, Donnell, JSO, Hertzog, PJ, Hansbro, PM, McLoughlin, RM, Wygrecka, M, Preston, RJS, Zasłona, Z & O'Neill, LAJ 2023, 'Dimethyl fumarate and 4-octyl itaconate are anticoagulants that suppress Tissue Factor in macrophages via inhibition of Type I Interferon.', Nat Commun, vol. 14, no. 1, p. 3513.
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Excessive inflammation-associated coagulation is a feature of infectious diseases, occurring in such conditions as bacterial sepsis and COVID-19. It can lead to disseminated intravascular coagulation, one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Recently, type I interferon (IFN) signaling has been shown to be required for tissue factor (TF; gene name F3) release from macrophages, a critical initiator of coagulation, providing an important mechanistic link between innate immunity and coagulation. The mechanism of release involves type I IFN-induced caspase-11 which promotes macrophage pyroptosis. Here we find that F3 is a type I IFN-stimulated gene. Furthermore, F3 induction by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is inhibited by the anti-inflammatory agents dimethyl fumarate (DMF) and 4-octyl itaconate (4-OI). Mechanistically, inhibition of F3 by DMF and 4-OI involves suppression of Ifnb1 expression. Additionally, they block type I IFN- and caspase-11-mediated macrophage pyroptosis, and subsequent TF release. Thereby, DMF and 4-OI inhibit TF-dependent thrombin generation. In vivo, DMF and 4-OI suppress TF-dependent thrombin generation, pulmonary thromboinflammation, and lethality induced by LPS, E. coli, and S. aureus, with 4-OI additionally attenuating inflammation-associated coagulation in a model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our results identify the clinically approved drug DMF and the pre-clinical tool compound 4-OI as anticoagulants that inhibit TF-mediated coagulopathy via inhibition of the macrophage type I IFN-TF axis.

Ryan, TAJ, Hooftman, A, Rehill, AM, Johansen, MD, O', BEC, Toller-Kawahisa, JE, Wilk, MM, Day, EA, Weiss, HJ, Sarvari, P, Vozza, EG, Schramm, F, Peace, CG, Zotta, A, Miemczyk, S, Nalkurthi, C, Hansbro, NG, McManus, G, O'Doherty, L, Gargan, S, Long, A, Dunne, J, Cheallaigh, CN, Conlon, N, Carty, M, Fallon, PG, Mills, KHG, Creagh, EM, O', DJS, Hertzog, PJ, Hansbro, PM, McLoughlin, RM, Wygrecka, M, Preston, RJS, Zasłona, Z & O'Neill, LAJ 2023, 'Publisher Correction: Dimethyl fumarate and 4-octyl itaconate are anticoagulants that suppress Tissue Factor in macrophages via inhibition of Type I Interferon', Nat Commun, vol. 14, no. 1, p. 4374.
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The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the surname for the author Luke A J O’Neill, which was incorrectly given as ‘O’ Neill’ with an additional space. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

Saerens, G, Dursap, T, Hesner, I, Duong, NMH, Solntsev, AS, Morandi, A, Maeder, A, Karvounis, A, Regreny, P, Chapman, RJ, Danescu, A, Chauvin, N, Penuelas, J & Grange, R 2023, 'Background-Free Near-Infrared Biphoton Emission from Single GaAs Nanowires', Nano Letters, vol. 23, no. 8, pp. 3245-3250.
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Safaei, J, Gao, Y, Hosseinpour, M, Zhang, X, Sun, Y, Tang, X, Zhang, Z, Wang, S, Guo, X, Wang, Y, Chen, Z, Zhou, D, Kang, F, Jiang, L & Wang, G 2023, 'Vacancy Engineering for High-Efficiency Nanofluidic Osmotic Energy Generation', Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 145, no. 4, pp. 2669-2678.
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Salih, AK, Phillips, MR & Ton-That, C 2023, 'Enhanced solar-driven water splitting performance using oxygen vacancy rich ZnO photoanodes', Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, vol. 259, pp. 112436-112436.
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Sarebani, Z, Chegini, V, Chen, H, Aali, E, Mirzadeh, M, Abbaspour, M, Griffiths, MD & Alimoradi, Z 2023, 'Effect of vitamin D vaginal suppository on sexual functioning among postmenopausal women: A three-arm randomized controlled clinical trial', Obstetrics & Gynecology Science, vol. 66, no. 3, pp. 208-220.
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Objective Vaginal atrophy, the second most common complication of menopause, can lead to sexual dysfunction. This study evaluated the effect of a vitamin D vaginal suppository on sexual functioning in postmenopausal women.Methods This three-arm randomized controlled trial was conducted between August 2019 and August 2020. The sample comprised 105 postmenopausal women who were referred to comprehensive health service centers to receive postmenopausal care. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (i) being menopausal for at least 1 year, (ii) being married, (iii) being sexually active, and (iv) having sexual desire. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups for 8 weeks of treatment: intervention (vaginal suppository containing 1,000 units of vitamin D3), placebo (vaginal suppository placebo), or control (no treatment). The main outcome measure was sexual functioning, which was assessed using the Female Sexual Function Scale (FSFI) 4 times during the study (i.e., 1 month before the intervention, immediately after the intervention, 1 month after the intervention, and 2 months after the intervention).Results Immediately and 1 month after the trial, the intervention group had the highest FSFI score, followed by the placebo group, both of which were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). At the 2-month follow-up, the intervention and placebo groups had similar FSFI scores (P=0.08), both of which were significantly higher than those in the control group (P=0.001 and P=0.03, respectively).Conclusion Vitamin D vaginal suppositories were more effective at improving sexual functioning among postmenopausal women in the short-term and appeared to prevent aging-related sexual functioning decline in the long term.

Sarebani, Z, Chegini, V, Chen, H, Aali, E, Mirzadeh, M, Abbaspour, M, Griffiths, MD & Alimoradi, Z 2023, 'Effect of vitamin D vaginal suppository on sexual functioning among postmenopausal women: A three-arm randomized controlled clinical trial.', Obstet Gynecol Sci, vol. 66, no. 5, pp. 462-462.
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Saunders, M, Gupta, A, Roux, C & Spindler, X 2023, 'The impact of substrate dampness on the transfer of glass fragments to upper garments when breaking windows', Forensic Science International, vol. 350, pp. 111791-111791.
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Saura-Múzquiz, M, Marlton, FP, Mullens, BG, Liu, J, Vogt, T, Maynard-Casely, HE, Avdeev, M, Blom, DA & Kennedy, BJ 2023, 'Cation and Lone Pair Order–Disorder in the Polymorphic Mixed Metal Bismuth Scheelite Bi₃FeMo₂O₁₂', Chemistry of Materials, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 123-135.
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Scanes, E & Byrne, M 2023, 'Warming and hypoxia threaten a valuable scallop fishery: A warning for commercial bivalve ventures in climate change hotspots', Global Change Biology, vol. 29, no. 8, pp. 2043-2045.
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AbstractMarine molluscs constitute the second largest marine fishery and are often caught in coastal and estuarine habitats. Temperature is increasing in these habitats at a rate greater than predicted, especially in warming “hotspots”. This warming is accompanied by hypoxia in a duo of stressors that threatens coastal mollusc fisheries and aquaculture. Collapses of the northern bay scallop (Argopecten irradians irradians) fisheries on the Atlantic coast of the USA are likely to be driven by rapid rates of coastal warming and may provide an ominous glimpse into the prospects of other coastal mollusc fisheries in climate warming hotspots.

Scanes, E, O’Connor, WA, Seymour, JR, Siboni, N, Parker, LM & Ross, PM 2023, 'Emerging diseases in Australian oysters and the challenges of climate change and uncertain futures', Australian Zoologist.
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ABSTRACT Oysters are a valuable and iconic seafood, deeply rooted in Australian culture. However, oysters have always been vulnerable to disease, with disease outbreaks leading to mass mortality events that regularly cost the oyster aquaculture industry millions of dollars and affect livelihoods. Notably, there is evidence that climate change is rapidly causing the emergence of new diseases alongside the amplification of impacts of existing diseases. This is because warming, acidification and freshening of coastal and estuarine habitats is affecting the three axes of disease; the host, the external environment and the pathogens. Here we explore how climate change is likely to impact all three axes of disease in Australian oyster aquaculture. Climate change is affecting oyster physiology, leading to weaker immune defences that allow for increased susceptibility to viral and bacterial infections. For example, there is evidence that recent heavy rain events precede oyster disease in estuaries. In addition, climate change is increasing the abundance and virulence of bacterial and viral pathogens, potentially resulting in the introduction of novel disease into new habitats. In order to remain viable, we suggest that the Australian oyster industry needs to enhance selective breeding programs currently underway with a diversification of products and research on emerging diseases to ensure resilience in the sector.

Scanes, E, Ross, PM, Seymour, JR, Siboni, N, Dove, MC, O'Connor, WA, Dittes, C & Parker, LM 2023, 'Transgenerational transfer of the microbiome is altered by ocean acidification in oyster larvae', Aquaculture, vol. 565, pp. 739153-739153.
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Scanes, E, Siboni, N, Rees, B & Seymour, JR 2023, 'Acclimation in intertidal animals reduces potential pathogen load and increases survival following a heatwave', iScience, vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 106813-106813.
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Scaramuzzo, G, Nucera, F, Asmundo, A, Messina, R, Mari, M, Montanaro, F, Johansen, MD, Monaco, F, Fadda, G, Tuccari, G, Hansbro, NG, Hansbro, PM, Hansel, TT, Adcock, IM, David, A, Kirkham, P, Caramori, G, Volta, CA & Spadaro, S 2023, 'Cellular and molecular features of COVID-19 associated ARDS: therapeutic relevance.', J Inflamm (Lond), vol. 20, no. 1, p. 11.
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The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can be asymptomatic or cause a disease (COVID-19) characterized by different levels of severity. The main cause of severe COVID-19 and death is represented by acute (or acute on chronic) respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), often requiring hospital admission and ventilator support.The molecular pathogenesis of COVID-19-related ARDS (by now termed c-ARDS) is still poorly understood. In this review we will discuss the genetic susceptibility to COVID-19, the pathogenesis and the local and systemic biomarkers correlated with c-ARDS and the therapeutic options that target the cell signalling pathways of c-ARDS.

Schlögl, E, Skov, JB & Skovmand, D 2023, 'Term Structure Modeling of SOFR: Evaluating the Importance of Scheduled Jumps'.

Schoepf, V, Baumann, JH, Barshis, DJ, Browne, NK, Camp, EF, Comeau, S, Cornwall, CE, Guzmán, HM, Riegl, B, Rodolfo-Metalpa, R & Sommer, B 2023, 'Corals at the edge of environmental limits: A new conceptual framework to re-define marginal and extreme coral communities', Science of The Total Environment, vol. 884, pp. 163688-163688.
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Seong, M, Kondaveeti, S, Choi, G, Kim, S, Kim, J, Kang, M & Jeong, HE 2023, '3D Printable Self-Adhesive and Self-Healing Ionotronic Hydrogels for Wearable Healthcare Devices', ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 11042-11052.
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Shahnaij, M, Amin, MB, Hoque, MM, Mondol, AS, Rana, KJ, Azmi, IJ & Talukder, KA 2023, 'Characterization of Shigella flexneri Serotype 6 Strains Isolated from Bangladesh and Identification of a New Phylogenetic Cluster', Journal of Bacteriology, vol. 205, no. 4.
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Shigella flexneri serotype 6 is one of the predominant serotypes among shigellosis cases in Bangladesh. Characterization of a novel subserotype of S. flexneri 6 (VI:E1037), agglutinated with type 6-specific antibody and anti-E1037, indicates a unique evolutionary ancestry.

Shao, D, Su, F, Zou, X, Lu, J, Wu, S, Tian, R, Ran, D, Guo, Z & Jin, D 2023, 'Pixel-Level Classification of Five Histologic Patterns of Lung Adenocarcinoma', Analytical Chemistry, vol. 95, no. 5, pp. 2664-2670.
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Sharapova, PR, Kruk, SS & Solntsev, AS 2023, 'Nonlinear Dielectric Nanoresonators and Metasurfaces: Toward Efficient Generation of Entangled Photons', Laser & Photonics Reviews, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 2200408-2200408.
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AbstractAmong the most prominent effects resulting from nonlinear light–matter interaction is the generation of correlated and entangled photons through various processes, notably via spontaneous parametric down‐conversion or spontaneous four‐wave mixing. Such nonlinear optical processes benefit from the concentration of electromagnetic fields in small volumes. Dielectric nanoresonators and their 2D layouts—metasurfaces—provide efficient ways to control light in subwavelength volumes enabling the enhancement of nonlinear light–matter interaction and the generation of entangled photons. Nanoresonators and metasurfaces offer a radical miniaturization of quantum light sources allowing better scalability, which opens a pathway toward arrangements of photon sources in complex subwavelength configurations for advanced photon state control. In this work, the recent progress in this emergent area of research is reviewed.

Shi, J, Xu, Z, Pei, C, Zhang, D, Sun, B & Ni, S 2023, 'Carbon doping switching on the fast reaction kinetics of advanced LiVO3 for lithium ion battery', Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 937, pp. 168473-168473.
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Shrestha, J, Paudel, KR, Nazari, H, Dharwal, V, Bazaz, SR, Johansen, MD, Dua, K, Hansbro, PM & Warkiani, ME 2023, 'Advanced models for respiratory disease and drug studies.', Med Res Rev, vol. 43, no. 5, pp. 1470-1503.
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The global burden of respiratory diseases is enormous, with many millions of people suffering and dying prematurely every year. The global COVID-19 pandemic witnessed recently, along with increased air pollution and wildfire events, increases the urgency of identifying the most effective therapeutic measures to combat these diseases even further. Despite increasing expenditure and extensive collaborative efforts to identify and develop the most effective and safe treatments, the failure rates of drugs evaluated in human clinical trials are high. To reverse these trends and minimize the cost of drug development, ineffective drug candidates must be eliminated as early as possible by employing new, efficient, and accurate preclinical screening approaches. Animal models have been the mainstay of pulmonary research as they recapitulate the complex physiological processes, Multiorgan interplay, disease phenotypes of disease, and the pharmacokinetic behavior of drugs. Recently, the use of advanced culture technologies such as organoids and lung-on-a-chip models has gained increasing attention because of their potential to reproduce human diseased states and physiology, with clinically relevant responses to drugs and toxins. This review provides an overview of different animal models for studying respiratory diseases and evaluating drugs. We also highlight recent progress in cell culture technologies to advance integrated models and discuss current challenges and present future perspectives.

Shrestha, J, Paudel, KR, Nazari, H, Dharwal, V, Bazaz, SR, Johansen, MD, Dua, K, Hansbro, PM & Warkiani, ME 2023, 'Front Cover Image, Volume 43, Issue 5', Medicinal Research Reviews, vol. 43, no. 5, pp. i-i.
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Sikkema, L, Ramírez-Suástegui, C, Strobl, DC, Gillett, TE, Zappia, L, Madissoon, E, Markov, NS, Zaragosi, L-E, Ji, Y, Ansari, M, Arguel, M-J, Apperloo, L, Banchero, M, Bécavin, C, Berg, M, Chichelnitskiy, E, Chung, M-I, Collin, A, Gay, ACA, Gote-Schniering, J, Hooshiar, KB, Inecik, K, Jain, M, Kapellos, TS, Kole, TM, Leroy, S, Mayr, CH, Oliver, AJ, von, PM, Peter, L, Taylor, CJ, Walzthoeni, T, Xu, C, Bui, LT, De, DC, Dony, L, Faiz, A, Guo, M, Gutierrez, AJ, Heumos, L, Huang, N, Ibarra, IL, Jackson, ND, Kadur, LMP, Lotfollahi, M, Tabib, T, Talavera-López, C, Travaglini, KJ, Wilbrey-Clark, A, Worlock, KB, Yoshida, M, Lung, BNC, van, DBM, Bossé, Y, Desai, TJ, Eickelberg, O, Kaminski, N, Krasnow, MA, Lafyatis, R, Nikolic, MZ, Powell, JE, Rajagopal, J, Rojas, M, Rozenblatt-Rosen, O, Seibold, MA, Sheppard, D, Shepherd, DP, Sin, DD, Timens, W, Tsankov, AM, Whitsett, J, Xu, Y, Banovich, NE, Barbry, P, Duong, TE, Falk, CS, Meyer, KB, Kropski, JA, Pe'er, D, Schiller, HB, Tata, PR, Schultze, JL, Teichmann, SA, Misharin, AV, Nawijn, MC, Luecken, MD & Theis, FJ 2023, 'An integrated cell atlas of the lung in health and disease.', Nat Med, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 1563-1577.
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Single-cell technologies have transformed our understanding of human tissues. Yet, studies typically capture only a limited number of donors and disagree on cell type definitions. Integrating many single-cell datasets can address these limitations of individual studies and capture the variability present in the population. Here we present the integrated Human Lung Cell Atlas (HLCA), combining 49 datasets of the human respiratory system into a single atlas spanning over 2.4 million cells from 486 individuals. The HLCA presents a consensus cell type re-annotation with matching marker genes, including annotations of rare and previously undescribed cell types. Leveraging the number and diversity of individuals in the HLCA, we identify gene modules that are associated with demographic covariates such as age, sex and body mass index, as well as gene modules changing expression along the proximal-to-distal axis of the bronchial tree. Mapping new data to the HLCA enables rapid data annotation and interpretation. Using the HLCA as a reference for the study of disease, we identify shared cell states across multiple lung diseases, including SPP1+ profibrotic monocyte-derived macrophages in COVID-19, pulmonary fibrosis and lung carcinoma. Overall, the HLCA serves as an example for the development and use of large-scale, cross-dataset organ atlases within the Human Cell Atlas.

Siwakoti, P, Rennie, C, Huang, Y, Li, JJ, Tuch, BE, McClements, L & Xu, X 2023, 'Challenges with Cell-based Therapies for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus', Stem Cell Reviews and Reports, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 601-624.
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Smith, HS, Irga, PJ, Fleck, R & Torpy, FR 2023, 'Portable botanical biofilters to address internal combustion engine exhaust exposure', Building and Environment, vol. 244, pp. 110777-110777.
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Song, A, Song, S, Duanmu, M, Tian, H, Liu, H, Qin, X, Shao, G & Wang, G 2023, 'Recent Progress of Non‐Noble Metallic Heterostructures for the Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution', Small Science, vol. 3, no. 9.
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Developing energy production, storage, and conversion technologies based on sustainable or renewable energy is essential to address the energy and environmental crisis. Electrochemical water splitting is one of the most promising approaches to realize the production of green hydrogen. The design of catalytic materials with low cost, high activity, and long‐term stability and the exploration of specific reaction mechanisms are the key focus for the involved electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Recently, substantial efforts have been devoted to the rational design and synthesis of non‐noble metallic heterostructures with fascinating synergistic effects among different components. These heterostructured materials demonstrate comprehensive properties exceeding the estimations by the rule of mixtures and display high activity and long‐term stability in industrial conditions for HER. Herein, the reaction mechanism and key parameters for improving catalytic performance in the HER process are discussed in detail. The latest advances in heterostructures based on synthetic methods and electrocatalytic characteristics from experimental and computational perspectives are summarized according to the role of various components. Herein, insights are provided in this review into an in‐depth understanding of the heterostructures as HER electrocatalysts, and the opportunities and challenges to scale up future‐oriented developments are highlighted.

Song, P, Li, J, Zhang, Y, Tang, F, Wang, C, Su, D & Wang, T 2023, 'Design of double-shelled NiS-FeS@NC hollow nanocubes for high-performance sodium-ion batteries', Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 950, pp. 169905-169905.
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Song, P, Yang, J, Wang, C, Wang, T, Gao, H, Wang, G & Li, J 2023, 'Interface Engineering of Fe7S8/FeS2 Heterostructure in situ Encapsulated into Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotubes for High Power Sodium-Ion Batteries', Nano-Micro Letters, vol. 15, no. 1.
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AbstractHeterostructure engineering combined with carbonaceous materials shows great promise toward promoting sluggish kinetics, improving electronic conductivity, and mitigating the huge expansion of transition metal sulfide electrodes for high-performance sodium storage. Herein, the iron sulfide-based heterostructures in situ hybridized with nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (Fe7S8/FeS2/NCNT) have been prepared through a successive pyrolysis and sulfidation approach. The Fe7S8/FeS2/NCNT heterostructure delivered a high reversible capacity of 403.2 mAh g−1 up to 100 cycles at 1.0 A g−1 and superior rate capability (273.4 mAh g−1 at 20.0 A g−1) in ester-based electrolyte. Meanwhile, the electrodes also demonstrated long-term cycling stability (466.7 mAh g−1 after 1,000 cycles at 5.0 A g−1) and outstanding rate capability (536.5 mAh g−1 at 20.0 A g−1) in ether-based electrolyte. This outstanding performance could be mainly attributed to the fast sodium-ion diffusion kinetics, high capacitive contribution, and convenient interfacial dynamics in ether-based electrolyte.

Song, Y, Zhao, H, Zi, Y, Qiu, J, Song, Z, Bai, X, Liao, J & Yang, Z 2023, 'X-ray-Irradiation-Induced Discoloration and Persistent Radioluminescence for Reversible Dual-Mode Imaging and Detection Applications', ACS Energy Letters, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 2232-2240.
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Speer, MS & Leslie, LM 2023, 'Application of Machine Learning Techniques to Detect and Understand the Impacts of Global Warming on Southeast Australia', Georgetown Journal of International Affairs, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 260-266.
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Abstract: Australia is adversely affected by global warming (GW), as its well-known cycles of droughts, floods, and extreme weather events are increasingly amplified by GW. Here, the focus is the impacts of GW on populous southeast Australia. Machine Learning attribution techniques have been applied to identify the main drivers of these impacts. This article presents the detection examples of the most relevant drivers, individually and in combination, responsible for observed trends in precipitation and temperature due to GW.

Stackowicz, J, Gillis, CM, Godon, O, Iannascoli, B, Conde, E, Leveque, E, Worrall, WPM, Galli, SJ, Bruhns, P, Reber, LL & Jönsson, F 2023, 'Conditional neutrophil depletion challenges their contribution to mouse models of anaphylaxis', Allergy, vol. 78, no. 10, pp. 2767-2770.
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Steiner, R, Moret, S & Roux, C 2023, 'Production of artificial fingermarks. Part II – The use of a modified inkjet printer for the deposition of synthetic secretions', Forensic Science International, vol. 350, pp. 111804-111804.
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Stelling-Wood, TP, Gribben, PE, Birch, G, Bishop, MJ, Blount, C, Booth, DJ, Brown, C, Bruce, E, Bugnot, AB, Byrne, M, Creese, RG, Dafforn, KA, Dahlenburg, J, Doblin, MA, Fellowes, TE, Fowler, AM, Gibbs, MC, Glamore, W, Glasby, TM, Hay, AC, Kelaher, B, Knott, NA, Larkum, AWD, Parker, LM, Marzinelli, EM, Mayer-Pinto, M, Morgan, B, Murray, SA, Rees, MJ, Ross, PM, Roughan, M, Saintilan, N, Scanes, E, Seymour, JR, Schaefer, N, Suthers, IM, Taylor, MD, Williamson, JE, Concejo, AV, Whittington, RJ & Figueira, WF 2023, 'Gamay (Botany Bay, Australia): What we know and still need to know about this highly modified coastal waterway?', Marine and Freshwater Research, vol. 74, no. 12, pp. 1003-1025.
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Context Gamay is a coastal waterway of immense social, cultural and ecological value. Since European settlement, it has become a hub for industrialisation and human modification. There is growing desire for ecosystem-level management of urban waterways, but such efforts are often challenged by a lack of integrated knowledge. Aim and methods We systematically reviewed published literature and traditional ecological knowledge (TEK), and consulted scientists to produce a review of Gamay that synthesises published knowledge of Gamay’s aquatic ecosystem to identify knowledge gaps and future research opportunities. Key results We found 577 published resources on Gamay, of which over 70% focused on ecology. Intertidal rocky shores were the most studied habitat, focusing on invertebrate communities. Few studies considered multiple habitats or taxa. Studies investigating cumulative human impacts, long-term trends and habitat connectivity are lacking, and the broader ecological role of artificial substrate as habitat in Gamay is poorly understood. TEK of Gamay remains a significant knowledge gap. Habitat restoration has shown promising results and could provide opportunities to improve affected habitats in the future. Conclusion and implications This review highlights the extensive amount of knowledge that exists for Gamay, but also identifies key gaps that need to be filled for effective management.

Strudwick, P, Seymour, J, Camp, EF, Roper, C, Edmondson, J, Howlett, L & Suggett, DJ 2023, 'Bacterial communities associated with corals out-planted on the Great Barrier Reef are inherently dynamic over space and time', Marine Biology, vol. 170, no. 7.
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AbstractCoral propagation and out-planting are becoming commonly adopted as part of reef stewardship strategies aimed at improving reef resilience through enhanced natural recovery and rehabilitation. The coral microbiome has a crucial role in the success of the coral holobiont and can be impacted shortly after out-planting. However, long-term characterisation of the out-plant microbiome in relation to out-plant survival, and how these properties vary across reef sites, is unexplored. Therefore, at three reef sites on Opal Reef, Great Barrier Reef (Mojo, Sandbox and Rayban, 16°12′18″S 145°53′54″E), we examined bacterial communities associated with out-planted Acropora millepora coral and monitored coral survival over 12 months (February 2021–22). Bacterial communities of out-planted corals exhibited significant changes from donor colonies 7 days to 1.5 months after out-planting. Further, bacterial community composition differed for sites Sandbox and Rayban with low overall survival (0–43%) versus Mojo with higher overall survival (47–75%). After initial dissimilarity in bacterial communities of out-plants across sites at 1.5 months, and despite changes within sites over time, out-plants exhibited similar microbial communities across sites at 7 days and 6, 9 and 12 months. We hypothesise these trends reflect how bacterial communities are shaped by rapid changes in local environmental characteristics (e.g. from source to out-planting site), where out-plant bacterial communities ‘conform’ to out-planting site conditions. After initial changes, out-plant bacterial communities may then be under the influence of global environmental conditions—such as annual trends in temperature across seasons. Such outcomes indicate the importance of site selection in shaping initial coral bacterial communities and subsequent out-plant success. Importantly, continued differences in out-plant survival trajectory but...

Su, Y, Hu, X, Kang, Y, Zhang, C, Cheng, YY, Jiao, Z, Nie, Y & Song, K 2023, 'Curcumin nanoparticles combined with 3D printed bionic tumor models for breast cancer treatment', Biofabrication, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 014105-014105.
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Abstract Compared with conventional therapeutic approaches, nanomedicines are attracting a growing interest due to their better targeting ability, higher delivery efficiency, and good water solubility. However, conventional drug efficacy assessment methods are based on a two-dimensional (2D) culture approach of single cells to obtain in vitro therapeutic effects, which may not be representative of actual tumors. Based on the above considerations, the three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models became a better choice since they can increase the complexity of in vitro systems and provide a biomimetic microenvironment that is closer to the in vivo native than 2D cultures. In our study, curcumin nanoparticle (CurNPs) with good water solubility and good tumor therapeutic effects were prepared by combining polymeric non-ionic surfactant (Pluronic F127) with curcumin. The hybrid scaffolds based on nano-clay, sodium alginate, and gelatin were also prepared, which showed good printability and excellent biocompatibility. We then studied the therapeutic effects of CurNPs on metastatic breast cancer using a 3D tumor model fabricated with scaffold-bound metastatic breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cells. It was showed that the 3D cell model presented better cell proliferation effect while compared with 2D version. Additionally, there was good enhanced permeability and retention effect when CurNPs entered with better accumulate in 3D cell ‘tumor’ sites which represented more realistic response of a more real tumor treatment effect for breast cancer cells. Our study indicated that the combinational of nanomaterials with 3D cell ‘tumor’ models provided an alternative and better platform for drug screening and has great potential be used as safe and effective treatment screening for breast cancer.

Suggett, DJ, Edwards, M, Cotton, D, Hein, M & Camp, EF 2023, 'An integrative framework for sustainable coral reef restoration', One Earth, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 666-681.
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Sun, B, Zhang, Q, Xu, W, Zhao, R, Zhang, C, Guo, J, Zhu, H, Yuan, G, Lv, W, Li, X & Yang, N 2023, 'Edge-enriched and S-doped carbon nanorods to accelerate electrochemical kinetics of sodium/potassium storage', Carbon, vol. 201, pp. 776-784.
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Sun, B, Zhang, T, Song, L & Zhang, L 2023, 'Correlation between secondary γ′ and high-temperature tensile behavior of a powder metallurgy nickel-based superalloy EP962NP', Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 866, pp. 144687-144687.
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Sun, B, Zhang, T, Song, L & Zhang, L 2023, 'Oxidation behavior in static air and its effect on tensile properties of a powder metallurgy EP962NP nickel-based superalloy', Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 934, pp. 167795-167795.
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Suzzi, AL, Stat, M, Gaston, TF, Siboni, N, Williams, NLR, Seymour, JR & Huggett, MJ 2023, 'Elevated estuary water temperature drives fish gut dysbiosis and increased loads of pathogenic vibrionaceae', Environmental Research, vol. 219, pp. 115144-115144.
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Szpila, K, Piwczyński, M, Glinkowski, W, Lutz, L, Akbarzadeh, K, Baz, A, Johnston, NP & Grzywacz, A 2023, 'First molecular phylogeny and species delimitation of West Palaearctic Pollenia (Diptera: Polleniidae)', Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, vol. 197, no. 1, pp. 267-282.
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Abstract Cluster flies of the genus Pollenia are known as mass invaders of human dwellings, but are important plant pollinators in the temperate climatic zone. Despite being the most species-rich and widespread genus in Polleniidae, no study to date has tested infrageneric relationships using molecular data. Here we use three molecular markers, COI, Ef-1α and CAD to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships between 18 West Palaearctic species of Pollenia, representing eight predefined morphological species groups, using both maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches. We show several instances where morphological and molecular results are congruent, but also instances where they are discordant. We develop a COI barcode reference library for 18 species, containing newly generated data (87 sequences) and sequences retrieved from the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD). We analyse this dataset using both Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) and Bayesian Phylogenetics & Phylogeography (BPP) methods to validate morphological species hypotheses and delimit species. The results of these species delimitation analyses were, in most cases, identical and aligned with predefined morphological species concepts. Based on the results of our analyses, we synonymize P. moravica (stat. rev.) with P. amentaria and assign 191 unidentified sequences from BOLD to named morphospecies.

Tan, TH, Zhang, H, Xie, B, Mann, R, Peng, L, Yun, SLJ, Amal, R, Gu, Z & Gunawan, C 2023, 'Hydroxyl Radical Generating Monovalent Copper Particles for Antimicrobial Application', Journal of Nanomaterials, vol. 2023, pp. 1-10.
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The antimicrobial properties of copper are well-known but maintaining a low oxidation state of Cu in particles is difficult. Herein, antimicrobial CuxP particles were synthesized through phosphorization of Cu(OH)2, to lock copper in its monovalent state (as Cu3P). We found that the phosphorization could be achieved at temperatures as low as 200°C, with stable surface presence of Cu(I) on the resulting CuxP particles. Cu(I) can act as a one-electron reducing agent for molecular oxygen, to generate the highly reactive hydroxyl radical. In this study, CuxP displayed antibacterial activities on the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli, with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 32 mg/L for the highest temperature particles (350°C) on both model bacteria. The evident membrane damage is consistent with the intended hydroxyl radical bacterial targeting mechanism. Low-temperature CuxP, although exhibiting lower antibacterial efficacies than those of the higher temperature variant, still showed competitive growth inhibiting activities when compared to other reported antimicrobial copper-based particles. The present work showcases advancements in particle technology that can lead to the development of a more robust antimicrobial agent, presenting a potent additive for self-disinfection applications.

Tang, Q, Xue, N, Ding, X, Tsai, KH-Y, Hew, JJ, Jiang, R, Huang, R, Cheng, X, Ding, X, Yee Cheng, Y, Chen, J & Wang, Y 2023, 'Role of wound microbiome, strategies of microbiota delivery system and clinical management', Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, vol. 192, pp. 114671-114671.
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Tang, S-J, Zhang, M, Sun, J, Meng, J-W, Xiong, X, Gong, Q, Jin, D, Yang, Q-F & Xiao, Y-F 2023, 'Single-particle photoacoustic vibrational spectroscopy using optical microresonators', Nature Photonics, vol. 17, no. 11, pp. 951-956.
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Tang, Y, Ma, S, Lin, S, Wu, Y, Chen, S, Liu, G, Ma, L, Wang, Z, Jiang, L & Wang, Y 2023, 'Cell-free protein synthesis of CD1E and B2M protein and in vitro interaction', Protein Expression and Purification, vol. 203, pp. 106209-106209.
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Tanvet, C, Camp, EF, Sutton, J, Houlbrèque, F, Thouzeau, G & Rodolfo‐Metalpa, R 2023, 'Corals adapted to extreme and fluctuating seawater pH increase calcification rates and have unique symbiont communities', Ecology and Evolution, vol. 13, no. 5.
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AbstractOcean acidification (OA) is a severe threat to coral reefs mainly by reducing their calcification rate. Identifying the resilience factors of corals to decreasing seawater pH is of paramount importance to predict the survivability of coral reefs in the future. This study compared corals adapted to variable pHT (i.e., 7.23–8.06) from the semi‐enclosed lagoon of Bouraké, New Caledonia, to corals adapted to more stable seawater pHT (i.e., 7.90–8.18). In a 100‐day aquarium experiment, we examined the physiological response and genetic diversity of Symbiodiniaceae from three coral species (Acropora tenuis, Montipora digitata, and Porites sp.) from both sites under three stable pHNBS conditions (8.11, 7.76, 7.54) and one fluctuating pHNBS regime (between 7.56 and 8.07). Bouraké corals consistently exhibited higher growth rates than corals from the stable pH environment. Interestingly, A. tenuis from Bouraké showed the highest growth rate under the 7.76 pHNBS condition, whereas for M. digitata, and Porites sp. from Bouraké, growth was highest under the fluctuating regime and the 8.11 pHNBS conditions, respectively. While OA generally decreased coral calcification by ca. 16%, Bouraké corals showed higher growth rates than corals from the stable pH environment (21% increase for A. tenuis to 93% for M. digitata, with all pH conditions pooled). This superior performance coincided with divergent symbiont communities that were more homogenous for Bouraké corals. Corals adapted to variable pH conditions appear to have a better capacity to calcify under reduced pH compared to corals native to...

Tapas, MJ, Thomas, P, Vessalas, K, Nsiah-Baafi, E, Martin, L & Sirivivatnanon, V 2023, 'Comparative study of the efficacy of fly ash and reactive aggregate powders in mitigating alkali-silica reaction', Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 63, pp. 105571-105571.
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Thakur, S, Satija, S, Srivastava, N & Khurana, N 2023, 'HPTLC Method for Boswellic Acids', Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 997-1003.
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Boswelliic acids (BAs) are derived from the Boswellia serrata oleo gum resin and used as potential anti-inflammatory, pituitary, immu-nomodulatory, and antitumor experts. The aim of the current study is to evaluate KBA and AKBA separately by high performance thin film chromatography (HPTLC) in Boswellia serrata. For the simultaneous quantification of boswellic acids, an HPTLC method was employed; 11-ke-to-β-boswellic acid (KBA) and 3-acetyl-11-ke-to-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) at 254 nm.

Thaler, M, Wang, Y, van der Does, AM, Faiz, A, Ninaber, DK, Ogando, NS, Beckert, H, Taube, C, Salgado-Benvindo, C, Snijder, EJ, Bredenbeek, PJ, Hiemstra, PS & van Hemert, MJ 2023, 'Impact of Changes in Human Airway Epithelial Cellular Composition and Differentiation on SARS-CoV-2 Infection Biology', Journal of Innate Immunity, pp. 562-580.
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The consequences of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can range from asymptomatic to fatal disease. Variations in epithelial susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection depend on the anatomical location from the proximal to distal respiratory tract. However, the cellular biology underlying these variations is not completely understood. Thus, air-liquid interface cultures of well-differentiated primary human tracheal and bronchial epithelial cells were employed to study the impact of epithelial cellular composition and differentiation on SARS-CoV-2 infection by transcriptional (RNA sequencing) and immunofluorescent analyses. Changes of cellular composition were investigated by varying time of differentiation or by using specific compounds. We found that SARS-CoV-2 primarily infected not only ciliated cells but also goblet cells and transient secretory cells. Viral replication was impacted by differences in cellular composition, which depended on culturing time and anatomical origin. A higher percentage of ciliated cells correlated with a higher viral load. However, DAPT treatment, which increased the number of ciliated cells and reduced goblet cells, decreased viral load, indicating the contribution of goblet cells to infection. Cell entry factors, especially cathepsin L and transmembrane protease serine 2, were also affected by differentiation time. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that viral replication is affected by changes in cellular composition, especially in cells related to the mucociliary system. This could explain in part the variable susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection between individuals and between anatomical locations in the respiratory tract.

Thanh, NL, Nguyet, NLH, Le, VG, Thuy, NT, Phong, VHN, Que, VNX, Hang, VT & Huy, NN 2023, 'Optimization process for enhancing the recovery of ammonium and phosphate from wastewater by modified rice husk biochar', Engineering and Applied Science Research, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 185-194.
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This study aimed to optimize the recovery of ammonium and phosphate from wastewater using Mg-modified biochar as an adsorbent. Given the situation of domestic wastewater and agricultural waste in Vietnam, the researchers fabricated biochar from rice husk and modified it with magnesium salt to make it an effective material for wastewater treatment. To determine the optimal conditions for the experiments, the response surface methodology was used, specifically the central composite design (CCD) model with four factors, namely biochar dosage (g/L), pH, N:P ratio, and initial concentrations of NH4+ and PO43-. The material was thoroughly characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to ensure that it met the desired specifications. Based on the experimental design, the optimal conditions were determined to be a biochar dosage of 0.12 g/L, an N:P ratio of 1.25, an initial concentration of 60 mg/L, and a pH of 6. Tests conducted in synthetic wastewater produced results that were in agreement with the predicted values. However, when the optimized values were tested in domestic wastewater, only phosphate removal showed good agreement with an efficiency of 93% compared to the predicted optimization value of 88%. This study demonstrates the potential of Mg-modified biochar as an effective adsorbent for recovering ammonium and phosphate from wastewater. Although further optimization may be required for ammonium removal in domestic wastewater, the results are promising and warrant further investigation.

Thurn, B, Schotsmans, EMJ & Ueland, M 2023, 'Lime and odour: A preliminary investigation into the effect of hydrated lime on the volatiles emitted from human remains', Forensic Science International, pp. 111745-111745.
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Tian, C, Li, X-Y, Nelson, VE, Ou, P, Zhou, D, Chen, Y, Zhang, J, Huang, JE, Wang, N, Yu, J, Liu, H, Liu, C, Yang, Y, Peng, T, Zhao, Y, Lee, B-H, Wang, S, Shirzadi, E, Chen, Z, Miao, RK, Sinton, D & Sargent, EH 2023, 'Paired Electrosynthesis of H₂ and Acetic Acid at A/cm² Current Densities', ACS Energy Letters, vol. 8, no. 10, pp. 4096-4103.
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Tian, H, Song, A, Zhang, P, Sun, K, Wang, J, Sun, B, Fan, Q, Shao, G, Chen, C, Liu, H, Li, Y & Wang, G 2023, 'High Durability of Fe–N–C Single‐Atom Catalysts with Carbon Vacancies toward the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Media', Advanced Materials, vol. 35, no. 14, pp. 2210714-2210714.
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AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted extensive interest to catalyze the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells and metal–air batteries. However, the development of SACs with high selectivity and long‐term stability is a great challenge. In this work, carbon vacancy modified Fe–N–C SACs (FeH–N–C) are practically designed and synthesized through microenvironment modulation, achieving high‐efficient utilization of active sites and optimization of electronic structures. The FeH–N–C catalyst exhibits a half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0.91 V and sufficient durability of 100 000 voltage cycles with 29 mV E1/2 loss. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm that the vacancies around metal–N4 sites can reduce the adsorption free energy of OH*, and hinder the dissolution of metal center, significantly enhancing the ORR kinetics and stability. Accordingly, FeH–N–C SACs presented a high‐power density and long‐term stability over 1200 h in rechargeable zinc–air batteries (ZABs). This work will not only guide for developing highly active and stable SACs through rational modulation of metal–N4 sites, but also provide an insight into the optimization of the electronic structure to boost electrocatalytical performances.

Tran, T, Ho-Le, T, Bliuc, D, Abrahamsen, B, Hansen, L, Vestergaard, P, Center, JR & Nguyen, TV 2023, ''Skeletal Age' for mapping the impact of fracture on mortality.', Elife, vol. 12, p. e83888.
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BACKGROUND: Fragility fracture is associated with an increased risk of mortality, but mortality is not part of doctor-patient communication. Here, we introduce a new concept called 'Skeletal Age' as the age of an individual's skeleton resulting from a fragility fracture to convey the combined risk of fracture and fracture-associated mortality for an individual. METHODS: We used the Danish National Hospital Discharge Register which includes the whole-country data of 1,667,339 adults in Denmark born on or before January 1, 1950, who were followed up to December 31, 2016 for incident low-trauma fracture and mortality. Skeletal age is defined as the sum of chronological age and the number of years of life lost (YLL) associated with a fracture. Cox's proportional hazards model was employed to determine the hazard of mortality associated with a specific fracture for a given risk profile, and the hazard was then transformed into YLL using the Gompertz law of mortality. RESULTS: During the median follow-up period of 16 years, there had been 307,870 fractures and 122,744 post-fracture deaths. A fracture was associated with between 1 and 7 years of life lost, with the loss being greater in men than women. Hip fractures incurred the greatest loss of life years. For instance, a 60-year-old individual with a hip fracture is estimated to have a skeletal age of 66 for men and 65 for women. Skeletal Age was estimated for each age and fracture site stratified by gender. CONCLUSIONS: We propose 'Skeletal Age' as a new metric to assess the impact of a fragility fracture on an individual's life expectancy. This approach will enhance doctor-patient risk communication about the risks associated with osteoporosis. FUNDING: National Health and Medical Research Council in Australia and Amgen Competitive Grant Program 2019.

Tran, TN, Gale, A, Whitefield, B, Dyakonov, V, Toth, M, Aharonovich, I & Kianinia, M 2023, 'Coupling spin defects in hexagonal boron nitride to a microwave cavity', Applied Physics Letters, vol. 123, no. 3.
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Optically addressable spin defects in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) have become a promising platform for quantum sensing. While sensitivity of these defects is limited by their interactions with the spin environment in hBN, inefficient microwave delivery can further reduce their sensitivity. Here, we design and fabricate a microwave double arc resonator for efficient transferring of the microwave field at 3.8 GHz. The spin transitions in the ground state of VB− are coupled to the frequency of the microwave cavity, which result in enhanced optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) contrast. In addition, the linewidth of the ODMR signal further reduces, achieving a magnetic field sensitivity as low as 42.4 μT/√Hz. Our robust and scalable device engineering is promising for future employment of spin defects in hBN for quantum sensing.

Travis, G, McGowan, EM, Simpson, AM, Marsh, DJ & Nassif, NT 2023, 'PTEN, PTENP1, microRNAs, and ceRNA Networks: Precision Targeting in Cancer Therapeutics.', Cancers (Basel), vol. 15, no. 20, pp. 4954-4954.
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The phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a well characterised tumour suppressor, playing a critical role in the maintenance of fundamental cellular processes including cell proliferation, migration, metabolism, and survival. Subtle decreases in cellular levels of PTEN result in the development and progression of cancer, hence there is tight regulation of the expression, activity, and cellular half-life of PTEN at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels. PTENP1, the processed pseudogene of PTEN, is an important transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulator of PTEN. PTENP1 expression produces sense and antisense transcripts modulating PTEN expression, in conjunction with miRNAs. Due to the high sequence similarity between PTEN and the PTENP1 sense transcript, the transcripts possess common miRNA binding sites with the potential for PTENP1 to compete for the binding, or 'sponging', of miRNAs that would otherwise target the PTEN transcript. PTENP1 therefore acts as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA), competing with PTEN for the binding of specific miRNAs to alter the abundance of PTEN. Transcription from the antisense strand produces two functionally independent isoforms (PTENP1-AS-α and PTENP1-AS-β), which can regulate PTEN transcription. In this review, we provide an overview of the post-transcriptional regulation of PTEN through interaction with its pseudogene, the cellular miRNA milieu and operation of the ceRNA network. Furthermore, its importance in maintaining cellular integrity and how disruption of this PTEN-miRNA-PTENP1 axis may lead to cancer but also provide novel therapeutic opportunities, is discussed. Precision targeting of PTENP1-miRNA mediated regulation of PTEN may present as a viable alternative therapy.

Tripathi, A, Zalogina, A, Liao, J, Wurdack, M, Estrecho, E, Zhou, J, Jin, D, Kruk, SS & Kivshar, Y 2023, 'Metasurface-Controlled Photonic Rashba Effect for Upconversion Photoluminescence', Nano Letters, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 2228-2232.
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Tu, J, Li, W, Hansbro, PM, Yan, Q, Bai, X, Donovan, C, Kim, RY, Galvao, I, Das, A, Yang, C, Zou, J & Diwan, A 2023, 'Smoking and tetramer tryptase accelerate intervertebral disc degeneration by inducing METTL14-mediated DIXDC1 m6 modification.', Mol Ther, vol. 31, no. 8, pp. 2524-2542.
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Although cigarette smoking (CS) and low back pain (LBP) are common worldwide, their correlations and the mechanisms of action remain unclear. We have shown that excessive activation of mast cells (MCs) and their proteases play key roles in CS-associated diseases, like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), blood coagulation, and lung cancer. Previous studies have also shown that MCs and their proteases induce degenerative musculoskeletal disease. By using a custom-designed smoke-exposure mouse system, we demonstrated that CS results in intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration and release of MC-restricted tetramer tryptases (TTs) in the IVDs. TTs were found to regulate the expression of methyltransferase 14 (METTL14) at the epigenetic level by inducing N6-methyladenosine (m6A) deposition in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the transcript that encodes dishevelled-axin (DIX) domain-containing 1 (DIXDC1). That reaction increases the mRNA stability and expression of Dixdc1. DIXDC1 functionally interacts with disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) to accelerate the degeneration and senescence of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells by activating a canonical Wnt pathway. Our study demonstrates the association between CS, MC-derived TTs, and LBP. These findings raise the possibility that METTL14-medicated DIXDC1 m6A modification could serve as a potential therapeutic target to block the development of degeneration of the NP in LBP patients.

Tu, L, Wu, K, Luo, Y, Wang, E, Yuan, J, Zuo, J, Zhou, D, Li, B, Zhou, J, Jin, D & Zhang, H 2023, 'Significant Enhancement of the Upconversion Emission in Highly Er³⁺‐Doped Nanoparticles at Cryogenic Temperatures', Angewandte Chemie, vol. 135, no. 7.
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AbstractRelatively low efficiency is the bottleneck for the application of lanthanide‐doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs). The high‐level doping strategy realized in recent years has not improved the efficiency as much as expected. It is argued that cross relaxation (CR) is not detrimental to upconversion. Here we combine theoretical simulation and spectroscopy to elucidate the role of CR in upconversion process of Er3+ highly doped (HD) UCNPs. It is found that if CR is purposively suppressed, upconversion efficiency can be significantly improved. Specifically, we demonstrate experimentally that inhibition of CR by introducing cryogenic environment (40 K) enhances upconversion emission by more than two orders of magnitude. This work not only elucidates the nature of CR and its non‐negligible adverse effects, but also provides a new perspective for improving upconversion efficiency. The result can be directly applied to cryogenic imaging and wide range temperature sensing.

Tu, L, Wu, K, Luo, Y, Wang, E, Yuan, J, Zuo, J, Zhou, D, Li, B, Zhou, J, Jin, D & Zhang, H 2023, 'Significant Enhancement of the Upconversion Emission in Highly Er³⁺‐Doped Nanoparticles at Cryogenic Temperatures', Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol. 62, no. 7.
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AbstractRelatively low efficiency is the bottleneck for the application of lanthanide‐doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs). The high‐level doping strategy realized in recent years has not improved the efficiency as much as expected. It is argued that cross relaxation (CR) is not detrimental to upconversion. Here we combine theoretical simulation and spectroscopy to elucidate the role of CR in upconversion process of Er3+ highly doped (HD) UCNPs. It is found that if CR is purposively suppressed, upconversion efficiency can be significantly improved. Specifically, we demonstrate experimentally that inhibition of CR by introducing cryogenic environment (40 K) enhances upconversion emission by more than two orders of magnitude. This work not only elucidates the nature of CR and its non‐negligible adverse effects, but also provides a new perspective for improving upconversion efficiency. The result can be directly applied to cryogenic imaging and wide range temperature sensing.

Tu, X, Gomez, HM, Kim, RY, Brown, AC, de, JE, Galvao, I, Faiz, A, Bosco, A, Horvat, JC, Hansbro, P & Donovan, C 2023, 'Airway and parenchyma transcriptomics in a house dust mite model of experimental asthma.', Respir Res, vol. 24, no. 1, p. 32.
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Lung transcriptomics studies in asthma have provided valuable information in the whole lung context, however, deciphering the individual contributions of the airway and parenchyma in disease pathogenesis may expedite the development of novel targeted treatment strategies. In this study, we performed transcriptomics on the airway and parenchyma using a house dust mite (HDM)-induced model of experimental asthma that replicates key features of the human disease. HDM exposure increased the expression of 3,255 genes, of which 212 were uniquely increased in the airways, 856 uniquely increased in the parenchyma, and 2187 commonly increased in both compartments. Further interrogation of these genes using a combination of network and transcription factor enrichment analyses identified several transcription factors that regulate airway and/or parenchymal gene expression, including transcription factor EC (TFEC), transcription factor PU.1 (SPI1), H2.0-like homeobox (HLX), metal response element binding transcription factor-1 (MTF1) and E74-like factor 4 (ets domain transcription factor, ELF4) involved in controlling innate immune responses. We next assessed the effects of inhibiting lung SPI1 responses using commercially available DB1976 and DB2313 on key disease outcomes. We found that both compounds had no protective effects on airway inflammation, however DB2313 (8 mg/kg) decreased mucus secreting cell number, and both DB2313 (1 mg/kg) and DB1976 (2.5 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg) reduced small airway collagen deposition. Significantly, both compounds decreased airway hyperresponsiveness. This study demonstrates that SPI1 is important in HDM-induced experimental asthma and that its pharmacological inhibition reduces HDM-induced airway collagen deposition and hyperresponsiveness.

Ungolo, F, Garces, LP, Sherris, M & Zhou, Y 2023, 'Estimation, Comparison and Projection of Multi-factor Age-Cohort Affine Mortality Models'.

Vaidya, S, Gao, X, Dikshit, S, Aharonovich, I & Li, T 2023, 'Quantum sensing and imaging with spin defects in hexagonal boron nitride', Advances in Physics: X, vol. 8, no. 1.
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van der Ploeg, EA, Faiz, A, Teitsma, G, Melgert, BN, Horvatovich, P, Burgess, JK & Gan, T 2023, '(1226) Serum Proteomics for Fibrotic Markers in Early Detection of Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome after Lung Transplantation', The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. S524-S524.
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van Oppen, MJH & Raina, J 2023, 'Coral holobiont research needs spatial analyses at the microbial scale', Environmental Microbiology, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 179-183.
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Vanders, RL, Gomez, HM, Hsu, AC, Daly, K, Wark, PAB, Horvat, JC & Hansbro, PM 2023, 'Inflammatory and anti-viral responses to influenza A virus infection are dysregulated in pregnant mice with allergic airway disease.', Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, vol. 325, no. 3, pp. L385-L398.
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BACKGROUND: Influenza A virus (IAV) infections are increased during pregnancy especially with asthma as a comorbidity, leading to asthma exacerbations, secondary bacterial infections, intensive care unit admissions and mortality. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to define the processes involved in increased susceptibility and severity of IAV infections during pregnancy, especially with asthma Methods: We sensitised mice to house dust mite (HDM), induced pregnancy and challenged with HDM to induce allergic airway disease (AAD). Mid pregnancy, we induced IAV infection. We assessed viral titres, airway inflammation, lung anti-viral responses, mucus hyper-secretion and airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR). RESULTS: During early IAV infection, pregnant mice with AAD had increased mRNA expression of the inflammatory markers Il13 and IL17 and reduced mRNA expression of the neutrophil chemoattractant marker, Kc. These mice had increased mucous hyperplasia and increased AHR. miR155, miR574, miR223, and miR1187 were also reduced during early infection, as was mRNA expression of the anti-viral β-defensins, Bd1, Bd2, and Spd and IFNs, Ifnα, Ifnβ and Ifnλ. During late infection Il17 was still increased as was eosinophil infiltration in the lungs. mRNA expression of Kc was reduced, as was neutrophil infiltration and mRNA expression of the anti-viral markers Ifnβ, Ifnλ, Ifnγ and Ip10, Tlr3, Tlr9, Pkr and Mx1. Mucous hyperplasia was still significantly increased as was AHR. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Early phase IAV infection in pregnancy with asthma heightens underlying inflammatory asthmatic phenotype and reduces anti-viral responses.

Verma, A, Hoppenrath, M, Smith, K, Murray, JS, Harwood, DT, Hosking, JM, Rongo, T, Rhodes, L & Murray, S 2023, 'Ostreopsis Schmidt and Coolia Meunier (Dinophyceae, Gonyaulacales) from Cook Islands and Niue (South Pacific Ocean), including description of Ostreopsis tairoto sp. nov.', Scientific Reports, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 3110-3110.
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AbstractIt is important to decipher the diversity and distribution of benthic dinoflagellates, as there are many morphologically indistinct taxa that differ from one another in production of potent toxins. To date, the genus Ostreopsis comprises twelve described species, of which seven are potentially toxic and produce compounds presenting a threat to human and environmental health. In this study, isolates previously identified as “Ostreopsis sp. 3” were sampled from the area where it was first reported, Rarotonga, Cook Islands, and have been taxonomically and phylogenetically characterised as Ostreopsis tairoto sp. nov. Phylogenetically, the species is closely related to “Ostreopsis sp. 8”, O. mascarenensis, “O. sp. 4”, O. fattorussoi, O. rhodesiae and O. cf. siamensis. Previously, it was considered a part of the O. cf. ovata complex but can be distinguished from O. cf. ovata based on the small pores identified on this study, and from O. fattorussoi and O. rhodesiae based on relative lengths of the 2′ plates. No known palytoxin -like compounds were detected in strains investigated in this study. Strains of O. lenticularis, Coolia malayensis and C. tropicalis were also identified and described. This study advances our knowledge of biogeography, distribution, and toxins of Ostreopsis and Coolia species.

Vlaanderen, EJ, Ghaly, TM, Moore, LR, Focardi, A, Paulsen, IT & Tetu, SG 2023, 'Plastic leachate exposure drives antibiotic resistance and virulence in marine bacterial communities', Environmental Pollution, vol. 327, pp. 121558-121558.
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Vo, PHN, Buckley, T, Xu, X, Nguyen, TMH, Rudolph, V & Shukla, P 2023, 'Foam fractionation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in landfill leachate using different cosurfactants', Chemosphere, vol. 310, pp. 136869-136869.
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Vo, PHN, Hamilton, BR, Wepf, RA, Key, TA, Nguyen, TMH, Thai, PK, Thomas, K & Mueller, JF 2023, 'Visualization of the Distribution of PFOS and PFHxS in Concrete by DESI MSI', Environmental Science & Technology Letters, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 446-451.
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Vo, PHN, Key, TA, Le, TH, McDonough, JT, Porman, S, Fiorenza, S, Nguyen, HTM, Dao, VTN, Mueller, JF & Thai, PK 2023, 'Evaluation of sealants to mitigate the release of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from AFFF-impacted concrete: Characterization and forecasting', Water Research X, vol. 20, pp. 100195-100195.
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Vo, PHN, Tscharke, B, Toft, S, Madsen, C, Nguyen, KQ, Nguyen, HTM, Bui, XT, Li, J & Thai, PK 2023, 'Spatiotemporal trends and impact of Covid-19 lockdown on eight sewage contaminants in Brisbane, Australia, from 2012 to 2020', Chemosphere, vol. 314, pp. 137702-137702.
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Wajahat, M, Kouzani, AZ, Khoo, SY & Mahmud, MAP 2023, 'Comparative study and multi-parameter analysis to optimize device structure of triboelectric nanogenerators', Nanotechnology, vol. 34, no. 42, pp. 425403-425403.
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Abstract Triboelectric nanogenerator is becoming one of the most efficient energy harvesting device among all mechanical energy harvesters. This device consists of dielectric friction layers and metal electrode which generates electrical charges using electrostatic induction effect. There are several factors influencing the performance of this generator which needs to be evaluated prior to experiment. The absence of a universal technique for TENG simulation makes the device design and optimization hard before practical fabrication, which also lengthens the exploration and advancement cycle and hinders the arrival of practical applications. In order to deepen the understanding the core physic behind the working process of this device, this work will provide comparative analysis on different modes of TENG. Systematic investigation on different material combination, effect of material thickness, dielectric constant and impact of surface patterning is evaluated to shortlist the best material combination. COMSOL Multiphysics simulating environment is used to design, model and analyze factor affecting the overall output performance of TENG. The stationary study in this simulator is performed using 2D geometry structure with higher mesh density. During this study short circuit and open circuit condition were applied to observe the behavior of charge and electric potential produced. This observation is analyzed by plotting charge transfer/electric potential against various displacement distances of dielectric friction layers. The ouput is then provided to load ciruitary to measure the maximum output power of the models. Overall, this study provides an excellent understanding and multi-parameter analysis on basic theoretical and simulation modeling of TENG device.

Wang, CY, Wang, J, Zhang, L, Zhang, SW, Wang, L, Zhao, SZ, Chen, ZH, Zhang, X, Xie, M, Wang, T, Chen-Yu Hsu, A, Qin, L, Oliver, BG, Liu, L, Wan, HJ, Liu, D, Luo, FM, Li, WM & Wang, G 2023, 'Self-Reported Insufficient Sleep Is Associated With Clinical and Inflammatory Features of Asthma: A Prospective Cohort Study', The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 1200-1210.e4.
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Wang, D, Wang, Y, Di, X, Wang, F, Wanninayaka, A, Carnell, M, Hardeman, EC, Jin, D & Gunning, PW 2023, 'Cortical tension drug screen links mitotic spindle integrity to Rho pathway', Current Biology, vol. 33, no. 20, pp. 4458-4469.e4.
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Wang, J, Shangguan, P, Lin, M, Fu, L, Liu, Y, Han, L, Chen, S, Wang, X, Lu, M, Luo, Z, Zhong, Y, Shi, B & Bai, F 2023, 'Dual-Site Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Route of Upconversion Nanoparticles-Based Brain-Targeted Nanotheranostic Boosts the Near-Infrared Phototherapy of Glioma', ACS Nano, vol. 17, no. 17, pp. 16840-16853.
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Wang, J, Song, G, Liddell, M, Morellato, P, Lee, CKF, Yang, D, Alberton, B, Detto, M, Ma, X, Zhao, Y, Yeung, HCH, Zhang, H, Ng, M, Nelson, BW, Huete, A & Wu, J 2023, 'An ecologically-constrained deep learning model for tropical leaf phenology monitoring using PlanetScope satellites', Remote Sensing of Environment, vol. 286, pp. 113429-113429.
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Wang, J, Zhang, X, Zhang, L, Liu, Y, Wang, G, Zhang, HP, Wang, L, Kang, DY, Oliver, BG, Wan, HJ, McDonald, VM, Chen-Yu Hsu, A, Liu, D, Li, WM, Birring, SS & Wang, G 2023, 'Age-Related Clinical Characteristics, Inflammatory Features, Phenotypes, and Treatment Response in Asthma', The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 210-219.e3.
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Wang, JJJ & Chan, JSK 2023, 'Stochastic modelling of volatility and inter-relationships in the Australian electricity markets', Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation, vol. 52, no. 8, pp. 3877-3896.
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Wang, L, Wang, R, Zheng, Q, Yao, X, Zhang, C, Fu, S, Wei, Z, Yun, K & Guo, Z 2023, 'Simulating dynamic interaction between diazepam and ethanol targeting the GABAA receptor via in silico model', NeuroToxicology, vol. 95, pp. 136-143.
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Wang, T, Gu, W, Yu, L, Guo, X, Yang, J, Sun, X, Guan, J, Zhou, L, Wang, C, Yao, H, Zhang, X & Wang, G 2023, 'MXene: An efficient hemoperfusion sorbent for the removal of uremic toxins', Journal of Materiomics, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 1129-1140.
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Wang, Y, Ninaber, DK, Faiz, A, van, DLAC, van, SA, Lutter, R, Hiemstra, PS, van, DDAM & Ravi, A 2023, 'Acute cigarette smoke exposure leads to higher viral infection in human bronchial epithelial cultures by altering interferon, glycolysis and GDF15-related pathways.', Respir Res, vol. 24, no. 1, p. 207.
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BACKGROUND: Acute exacerbations of chronic inflammatory lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are frequently associated with rhinovirus (RV) infections. Despite these associations, the pathogenesis of virus-induced exacerbations is incompletely understood. We aimed to investigate effects of cigarette smoke (CS), a primary risk factor for COPD, on RV infection in airway epithelium and identify novel mechanisms related to these effects. METHODS: Primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBEC) from COPD patients and controls were differentiated by culture at the air-liquid interface (ALI) and exposed to CS and RV-A16. Bulk RNA sequencing was performed using samples collected at 6 and 24 h post infection (hpi), and viral load, mediator and L-lactate levels were measured at 6, 24 and 48hpi. To further delineate the effect of CS on RV-A16 infection, we performed growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) knockdown, L-lactate and interferon pre-treatment in ALI-PBEC. We performed deconvolution analysis to predict changes in the cell composition of ALI-PBEC after the various exposures. Finally, we compared transcriptional responses of ALI-PBEC to those in nasal epithelium after human RV-A16 challenge. RESULTS: CS exposure impaired antiviral responses at 6hpi and increased viral replication at 24 and 48hpi in ALI-PBEC. At 24hpi, CS exposure enhanced expression of RV-A16-induced epithelial interferons, inflammation-related genes and CXCL8. CS exposure increased expression of oxidative stress-related genes, of GDF15, and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. GDF15 knockdown experiments suggested involvement of this pathway in the CS-induced increase in viral replication. Expression of glycolysis-related genes and L-lactate production were increased by CS exposure, and was demonstrated to contribute to higher viral replication. No major differences were demonstrated between COPD and non-COPD-derived cultures. However, cellular deconvolu...

Wang, Y, Sun, Q, Zhang, Y, Li, X, Liang, Q, Guo, R, Zhang, L, Han, X, Wang, J, Shao, L, Xue, Y, Yang, Y, Li, H, Nie, L, Shi, W, Liu, Q, Zhang, J, Duan, H, Huang, H, Luu, LDW, Tai, J, Yang, X & Wang, G 2023, 'Systemic immune dysregulation in severe tuberculosis patients revealed by a single-cell transcriptome atlas', Journal of Infection, vol. 86, no. 5, pp. 421-438.
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Wang, Y, Wang, X, Jia, X, Li, J, Fu, J, Huang, X, Cui, X, Wang, B, Luo, W, Lin, C, Li, Z, Luu, LDW, Li, S, Zhu, X & Tai, J 2023, 'Influenza vaccination features revealed by a single‐cell transcriptome atlas', Journal of Medical Virology, vol. 95, no. 1.
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AbstractEmerging and re‐emerging viruses like influenza virus pose a continuous global public health threat. Vaccines are one of the most effective public health strategies for controlling infectious diseases. However, little is known about the immunological features of vaccination at the single‐cell resolution, including for influenza vaccination. Here, we report the single‐cell transcriptome atlas of longitudinally collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in individuals immunized with an inactivated influenza vaccine. Overall, vaccination with the influenza vaccine only had a small impact on the composition of peripheral immune cells, but elicited global transcriptional changes in multiple immune cell subsets. In plasma and B cell subsets, transcriptomic changes, which were mostly involved in antibody production as well as B cell activation and differentiation, were observed after influenza vaccinations. In influenza‐vaccinated individuals, we found a reduction in multiple biological processes (e.g., interferon response, inflammatory response, HLA‐I/II molecules, cellular apoptosis, migration, and cytotoxicity, etc.,) 7 days postvaccination in multiple immune cell subsets. However, 14 days postvaccination, these levels returned to similar levels observed in prevaccination samples. Additionally, we did not observe significant upregulation of pro‐inflammatory response genes and key thrombosis‐related genes in influenza‐vaccinated individuals. Taken together, we report a cell atlas of the peripheral immune response to influenza vaccination and provide a resource for understanding the immunological response mechanisms of influenza vaccination.

Webster, J, Dadd‐Daigle, P, Chapman, TA & Kirkby, K 2023, 'Investigating the defoliating‐like (DL) VCG2A pathotype of Verticillium dahliae through identification and prediction of secreted proteins from genomes of Australian isolates', Plant Pathology, vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 334-341.
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AbstractIn Australia, recent investigations have reported the presence of a number of Verticillium dahliae pathotypes (VCG1A, VCG2A and VCG6) that cause disease in cotton and agricultural weeds. During these investigations, it was observed that a VCG2A V. dahliae displayed greater virulence than previously reported in local and international isolates. Genome sequencing of seven V. dahliae isolates was performed using a mixture of short and long reads sequencing technologies. Of these seven isolates, four were identified as D VCG1A, one ND VCG2A, a recently identified Australian VCG6 as well as a virulent VCG2A, classified as “defoliating‐like”. The secreted protein repertoire from the genomes of these Australian V. dahliae isolates was predicted using four separate signal prediction methods. The consensus secreted protein set of the isolates revealed the presence of 20 proteins that were present in all virulent isolates, including the virulent DL VCG2A, and absent in the nonvirulent VCG2A isolates. Ten of these proteins had a functional annotation and were identified as ligninase H8, lipolytic enzyme, laccase, amine oxidase, spherulin‐1A, dipeptidyl‐peptidase, monooxygenase, dienelactone hydrolase, carboxypeptidase and fibronectin by BLASTP.

Wei, X, Li, R, Li, X, Wang, B, Huang, J, Mu, H, Zhang, Q, Zhang, Z, Ru, Y, Wu, X, Qiu, Y, Ye, Y, Feng, Y, Wang, S, Chen, H, Yi, C & Wang, J 2023, 'iPSCs-derived mesenchymal stromal cells mitigate anxiety and neuroinflammation in aging female mice', The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, vol. 155, pp. 106347-106347.
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Westlund, E, Bergenstråle, A, Pokhrel, A, Chan, H, Skoglund, U, Daley, DO & Söderström, B 2023, 'Application of nanotags and nanobodies for live cell single-molecule imaging of the Z-ring in Escherichia coli.', Curr Genet, vol. 69, no. 2-3, pp. 153-163.
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Understanding where proteins are localized in a bacterial cell is essential for understanding their function and regulation. This is particularly important for proteins that are involved in cell division, which localize at the division septum and assemble into highly regulated complexes. Current knowledge of these complexes has been greatly facilitated by super-resolution imaging using fluorescent protein fusions. Herein, we demonstrate with FtsZ that single-molecule PALM images can be obtained in-vivo using a genetically fused nanotag (ALFA), and a corresponding nanobody fused to mEos3.2. The methodology presented is applicable to other bacterial proteins.

Weyermann, C, Willis, S, Margot, P & Roux, C 2023, 'Towards more relevance in forensic science research and development', Forensic Science International, vol. 348, pp. 111592-111592.
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Widjaja, M, Kim, RY & Donovan, C 2023, 'Hybridized face‐to‐face and online laboratory content in the time of COVID‐19', Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 327-328.
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AbstractThis article describes strategies to adapt and ensure equivalency of content coverage for an existing protein assay laboratory practical for concurrent face‐to‐face and online deliveries during COVID‐19 and beyond.

Winskel-Wood, B, Padula, MP, Marks, DC & Johnson, L 2023, 'The phenotype of cryopreserved platelets influences the formation of platelet-leukocyte aggregates in an in vitro model', Platelets, vol. 34, no. 1.
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Wong, LL, Mugunthan, S, Kundukad, B, Ho, JCS, Rice, SA, Hinks, J, Seviour, T, Parikh, AN & Kjelleberg, S 2023, 'Microbial biofilms are shaped by the constant dialogue between biological and physical forces in the extracellular matrix', Environmental Microbiology, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 199-208.
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Wong, WW, Wang, N, Esser, BD, Church, SA, Li, L, Lockrey, M, Aharonovich, I, Parkinson, P, Etheridge, J, Jagadish, C & Tan, HH 2023, 'Bottom-up, Chip-Scale Engineering of Low Threshold, Multi-Quantum-Well Microring Lasers', ACS Nano, vol. 17, no. 15, pp. 15065-15076.
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Woodward, H, Moret, S & Chadwick, S 2023, 'Biodegradable plastics and their impact on fingermark detection methods', Forensic Science International, vol. 344, pp. 111571-111571.
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Wu, S, Yang, Z, Ma, C, Zhang, X, Mi, C, Zhou, J, Guo, Z & Jin, D 2023, 'Deep learning enhanced NIR-II volumetric imaging of whole mice vasculature', Opto-Electronic Advances, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 220105-220105.
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Xiang, K, Wang, B, Liu, DL, Chen, C, Waters, C, Huete, A & Yu, Q 2023, 'Probabilistic assessment of drought impacts on wheat yield in south-eastern Australia', Agricultural Water Management, vol. 284, pp. 108359-108359.
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Xiao, J, Xiao, Y, Li, J, Gong, C, Nie, X, Gao, H, Sun, B, Liu, H & Wang, G 2023, 'Advanced nanoengineering strategies endow high‐performance layered transition‐metal oxide cathodes for sodium‐ion batteries', SmartMat, vol. 4, no. 5.
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AbstractConsidering the abundance and low price of sodium, sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have shown great potential as an alternative to existing lithium‐based batteries in large‐scale energy storage systems, including electric automobiles and smart grids. Cathode materials, which largely decide the cost and the electrochemical performance of the full SIBs, have been extensively studied. Among the reported cathodes, layered transition‐metal oxides (LTMOs) are regarded as the most extremely promising candidates for the commercial application of the SIBs owing to their high specific capacity, superior redox potential, and suitable scalable preparation. Nevertheless, irreversible structural evolution, sluggish kinetics, and water sensitivity are still the critical bottlenecks for their practical utilization. Nanoengineering may offer an opportunity to address the above issues by increasing reactivity, shortening diffusion pathways, and strengthening structural stability. Herein, a comprehensive summary of the modification strategies for LTMOs is presented, emphasizing optimizing the structure, restraining detrimental phase transition, and promoting diffusion kinetics. This review intends to facilitate an in‐depth understanding of structure–composition–property correlation and offer guidance to the further development of the LTMO cathodes for next‐generation energy storage systems.

Xie, Q, Moore, CE, Cleverly, J, Hall, CC, Ding, Y, Ma, X, Leigh, A & Huete, A 2023, 'Land surface phenology indicators retrieved across diverse ecosystems using a modified threshold algorithm', Ecological Indicators, vol. 147, pp. 110000-110000.
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Xie, Y, Chen, X, Sun, K, Zhang, J, Lai, W, Liu, H & Wang, G 2023, 'Direct Oxygen‐Oxygen Cleavage through Optimizing Interatomic Distances in Dual Single‐atom Electrocatalysts for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction', Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol. 62, no. 17.
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AbstractThe oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on transition single‐atom catalysts (SACs) is sustainable in energy‐conversion devices. However, the atomically controllable fabrication of single‐atom sites and the sluggish kinetics of ORR have remained challenging. Here, we accelerate the kinetics of acid ORR through a direct O−O cleavage pathway through using a bi‐functional ligand‐assisted strategy to pre‐control the distance of hetero‐metal atoms. Concretely, the as‐synthesized Fe−Zn diatomic pairs on carbon substrates exhibited an outstanding ORR performance with the ultrahigh half‐wave potential of 0.86 V vs. RHE in acid electrolyte. Experimental evidence and density functional theory calculations confirmed that the Fe−Zn diatomic pairs with a specific distance range of around 3 Å, which is the key to their ultrahigh activity, average the interaction between hetero‐diatomic active sites and oxygen molecules. This work offers new insight into atomically controllable SACs synthesis and addresses the limitations of the ORR dissociative mechanism.

Xie, Y, Chen, X, Sun, K, Zhang, J, Lai, W, Liu, H & Wang, G 2023, 'Direct Oxygen‐Oxygen Cleavage through Optimizing Interatomic Distances in Dual Single‐atom Electrocatalysts for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction', Angewandte Chemie, vol. 135, no. 17.
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AbstractThe oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on transition single‐atom catalysts (SACs) is sustainable in energy‐conversion devices. However, the atomically controllable fabrication of single‐atom sites and the sluggish kinetics of ORR have remained challenging. Here, we accelerate the kinetics of acid ORR through a direct O−O cleavage pathway through using a bi‐functional ligand‐assisted strategy to pre‐control the distance of hetero‐metal atoms. Concretely, the as‐synthesized Fe−Zn diatomic pairs on carbon substrates exhibited an outstanding ORR performance with the ultrahigh half‐wave potential of 0.86 V vs. RHE in acid electrolyte. Experimental evidence and density functional theory calculations confirmed that the Fe−Zn diatomic pairs with a specific distance range of around 3 Å, which is the key to their ultrahigh activity, average the interaction between hetero‐diatomic active sites and oxygen molecules. This work offers new insight into atomically controllable SACs synthesis and addresses the limitations of the ORR dissociative mechanism.

Xu, J, Li, H, Jin, Y, Zhou, D, Sun, B, Armand, M & Wang, G 2023, 'Understanding the Electrical Mechanisms in Aqueous Zinc Metal Batteries: from Electrostatic Interactions to Electric Field Regulation', Advanced Materials, p. e2309726.
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AbstractAqueous Zn metal batteries are considered as competitive candidates for next‐generation energy storage systems due to their excellent safety, low cost and environmental friendliness. However, the inevitable dendrite growth, severe hydrogen evolution, surface passivation and sluggish reaction kinetics of Zn metal anodes hinder the practical application of Zn metal batteries. Detailed summaries and prospects have been reported focusing on the research progress and challenges of Zn metal anodes, including electrolyte engineering, electrode structure design and surface modification. However, the essential electrical mechanisms that significantly influence Zn2+ ion migration and deposition behaviors have not been reviewed yet. Herein, in this review, we systematically discuss the regulation mechanisms of electrical‐related electrostatic repulsive/attractive interactions on Zn2+ ions migration, desolvation and deposition behaviors. Meanwhile, electric field regulation strategies to promote the Zn2+ ions diffusion and uniform Zn deposition are comprehensively reviewed, including enhancing and homogenizing electric field intensity inside the batteries and adding external magnetic/pressure/thermal fields to couple with the electric field. Finally, we offer future perspectives on the research directions of the electrical‐related strategies for building better Zn metal batteries in practical applications.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Xu, W, Zhao, R, Li, Q, Sun, B, Wu, J, Zhong, W, Gao, Y, Nan, X, Huang, Q, Yang, Y, Li, X, Yang, N & Zhang, Q 2023, 'Overall Water Splitting on The NiS/NiS₂ Heterostructures Featuring Self‐Equilibrium Orbital Occupancy', Advanced Energy Materials, vol. 13, no. 31.
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AbstractEfficient electrochemical overall water splitting requires bi‐functional catalysts that work for both hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER/OER). A heterostructure is thus proposed to maintain its optimal interactions with H/O‐containing intermediates. A so‐called “orbital occupancy self‐equilibrium” strategy is employed theoretically and experimentally to design such bi‐functional catalysts, namely the incorporation of the V species into a NiS/NiS2 heterostructure. Owing to the variable valences of both Ni and V species, the electrons are controllably reoriented over the interfacial V─S─Ni bond. The as‐generated dynamic and self‐equilibrium of the electron environment modify an optimal adsorption harmony toward various H/O‐containing intermediates on this heterointerface, enhancing intrinsic activity and reaction kinetics for the HER, the OER, and overall water splitting. This V‐NiS/NiS2 catalyst exhibits an overpotential of only 94 and 220 mV at a current density of 10 mV cm–2 for the HER and the OER, respectively. This proposed strategy is expected to be workable for other catalysts with variable metal valences and provide insights for an agile interfacial electron allocation on heterostructure catalysts.

Yaghoubi Naei, V, Bordhan, P, Mirakhorli, F, Khorrami, M, Shrestha, J, Nazari, H, Kulasinghe, A & Ebrahimi Warkiani, M 2023, 'Advances in novel strategies for isolation, characterization, and analysis of CTCs and ctDNA', Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology, vol. 15.
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Over the past decade, the detection and analysis of liquid biopsy biomarkers such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) have advanced significantly. They have received recognition for their clinical usefulness in detecting cancer at an early stage, monitoring disease, and evaluating treatment response. The emergence of liquid biopsy has been a helpful development, as it offers a minimally invasive, rapid, real-time monitoring, and possible alternative to traditional tissue biopsies. In resource-limited settings, the ideal platform for liquid biopsy should not only extract more CTCs or ctDNA from a minimal sample volume but also accurately represent the molecular heterogeneity of the patient’s disease. This review covers novel strategies and advancements in CTC and ctDNA-based liquid biopsy platforms, including microfluidic applications and comprehensive analysis of molecular complexity. We discuss these systems’ operational principles and performance efficiencies, as well as future opportunities and challenges for their implementation in clinical settings. In addition, we emphasize the importance of integrated platforms that incorporate machine learning and artificial intelligence in accurate liquid biopsy detection systems, which can greatly improve cancer management and enable precision diagnostics.

Yamaguchi, A, Hoppenrath, M, Murray, S, Kretzschmar, AL, Horiguchi, T & Wakeman, KC 2023, 'Morphology and molecular phylogeny of the benthic dinoflagellates (Dinophyceae, Peridiniales) Amphidiniopsis crumena n. sp. and Amphidiniopsis nileribanjensis n. sp.', European Journal of Protistology, vol. 87, pp. 125940-125940.
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Yan, G, Sun, X, Zhang, Y, Li, H, Huang, H, Jia, B, Su, D & Ma, T 2023, 'Metal-Free 2D/2D van der Waals Heterojunction Based on Covalent Organic Frameworks for Highly Efficient Solar Energy Catalysis', Nano-Micro Letters, vol. 15, no. 1.
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Abstract Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as a kind of rising star materials in photocatalysis. However, their photocatalytic activities are restricted by the high photogenerated electron–hole pairs recombination rate. Herein, a novel metal-free 2D/2D van der Waals heterojunction, composed of a two-dimensional (2D) COF with ketoenamine linkage (TpPa-1-COF) and 2D defective hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), is successfully constructed through in situ solvothermal method. Benefitting from the presence of VDW heterojunction, larger contact area and intimate electronic coupling can be formed between the interface of TpPa-1-COF and defective h-BN, which make contributions to promoting charge carriers separation. The introduced defects can also endow the h-BN with porous structure, thus providing more reactive sites. Moreover, the TpPa-1-COF will undergo a structural transformation after being integrated with defective h-BN, which can enlarge the gap between the conduction band position of the h-BN and TpPa-1-COF, and suppress electron backflow, corroborated by experimental and density functional theory calculations results. Accordingly, the resulting porous h-BN/TpPa-1-COF metal-free VDW heterojunction displays outstanding solar energy catalytic activity for water splitting without co-catalysts, and the H2 evolution rate can reach up to 3.15 mmol g−1 h−1, which is about 67 times greater than that of pristine TpPa-1-COF, also surpassing that of state-of-the-art metal-free-based photocatalysts reported to date. In particular, it is the first work for constructing COFs-based heterojunctions with the help of h-BN, which may provide new a...

Yang, J, Wang, T, Guo, X, Sheng, X, Li, J, Wang, C & Wang, G 2023, 'Flexible sodium-ion capacitors boosted by high electrochemically-reactive and structurally-stable Sb2S3 nanowire/Ti3C2Tx MXene film anodes', Nano Research, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 5592-5600.
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Yang, J, Yin, B, Zhang, S, Sun, Y, Li, J, Su, D & Ma, T 2023, 'Macromolecules Promoting Robust Zinc Anode by Synergistic Coordination Effect and Charge Redistribution', Small, vol. 19, no. 45.
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AbstractZn dendrite formation is the main obstacle to commercializing aqueous zinc–ion batteries (ZIBs). α‐cyclodextrin (α‐CD) is proposed as an environmentally friendly macromolecule additive in the ZnSO4‐based electrolyte to obtain stable and reversible Zn anodes. The results show that α‐CD molecules’ unique 3D structure can effectively regulate the mass transfer of the electrolyte components and isolate the Zn anode from H2O molecules. The α‐CD provides abundant electrons to the Zn (002) crystallographic plane, which induces charge density redistribution. Such an effect relieves the reduction and aggregation of Zn2+ cations while protecting the Zn metal anode from water molecules. Finally, a small amount of α‐CD additive (0.01 M) can enhance the performance of Zn significantly in Zn||Cu cells (1980 cycles with 99.45% average CE) and Zn||Zn cells (8000 h ultra‐long cycle life). The excellent practical applicability was further verified in Zn||MnO2 cells.

Yang, X, Liang, B, Xue, D, Liang, J, Zaslawski, C & Chen, J 2023, 'Global research trends in acupuncture for cancer pain: A bibliometric analysis', Medicine, vol. 102, no. 41, pp. e34739-e34739.
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Background: In recent years, acupuncture has gained popularity in the management of cancer-related pain (CRP). This study aims to use bibliometric analysis to investigate the historical development, recent hotspots and research trends in this field. Methods: The Web of Science Core Collection database was selected as the data source for this study to retrieve and obtain literature related to acupuncture and CRP. Data analyses were performed with CiteSpace and VOSviewer to conduct the bibliometric analysis. Results: This bibliometric analysis was conducted from 2000 to 2022. A total of 664 publications were included in this work. The number of publications has steadily increased over the last 2 decades. The United States has the largest number of published articles (244 papers), while the People’s Republic of China has the highest centrality (0.48). The primary research institutions were Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Kyung Hee University and Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. Mao Jun J. was the most prolific author, while Heather Greenlee was the most cited one. The most productive journal was Integrative Cancer Therapies. The most frequent keywords excluding the search subject were “electroacupuncture,” “management,” “quality of life,” “breast cancer,” “Aromatase inhibitor,” “neuropathic pain,” “mechanisms,” and “protocol.” Conclusion: This study explored the application value of acupuncture in the management of CRP with bibliometric analysis, offering an intuitive understanding of this topic and revealing the hotspots and research trends.

Yin, Y, Shi, L, Zhang, S, Duan, X, Zhang, J, Sun, H & Wang, S 2023, 'Two−dimensional nanomaterials confined single atoms: New opportunities for environmental remediation', Nano Materials Science, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 15-38.
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York, E, McNaughton, DA, Duman, M-N, Gale, PA & Rawling, T 2023, 'Fatty Acid-Activated Proton Transport by Bisaryl Anion Transporters Depolarises Mitochondria and Reduces the Viability of MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells.', Biomolecules, vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 1202-1202.
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In respiring mitochondria, the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane is used to drive ATP production. Mitochondrial uncouplers, which are typically weak acid protonophores, can disrupt this process to induce mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in cancer cells. We have shown that bisaryl urea-based anion transporters can also mediate mitochondrial uncoupling through a novel fatty acid-activated proton transport mechanism, where the bisaryl urea promotes the transbilayer movement of deprotonated fatty acids and proton transport. In this paper, we investigated the impact of replacing the urea group with squaramide, amide and diurea anion binding motifs. Bisaryl squaramides were found to depolarise mitochondria and reduce MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell viability to similar extents as their urea counterpart. Bisaryl amides and diureas were less active and required higher concentrations to produce these effects. For all scaffolds, the substitution of the bisaryl rings with lipophilic electron-withdrawing groups was required for activity. An investigation of the proton transport mechanism in vesicles showed that active compounds participate in fatty acid-activated proton transport, except for a squaramide analogue, which was sufficiently acidic to act as a classical protonophore and transport protons in the absence of free fatty acids.

Zavan, L, Fang, H, Johnston, EL, Whitchurch, C, Greening, DW, Hill, AF & Kaparakis‐Liaskos, M 2023, 'The mechanism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane vesicle biogenesis determines their protein composition', PROTEOMICS, vol. 23, no. 10, pp. 2200464-2200464.
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AbstractGram‐negative bacteria produce outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and contain bacterial cargo including nucleic acids and proteins. The proteome of OMVs can be altered by various factors including bacterial growth stage, growth conditions, and environmental factors. However, it is currently unknown if the mechanism of OMV biogenesis can determine their proteome. In this study, we examined whether the mechanisms of OMV biogenesis influenced the production and protein composition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa OMVs. OMVs were isolated from three P. aeruginosa strains that produced OMVs either by budding alone, by explosive cell lysis, or by both budding and explosive cell lysis. We identified that the mechanism of OMV biogenesis dictated OMV quantity. Furthermore, a global proteomic analysis comparing the proteome of OMVs to their parent bacteria showed significant differences in the identification of proteins in bacteria and OMVs. Finally, we determined that the mechanism of OMV biogenesis influenced the protein composition of OMVs, as OMVs released by distinct mechanisms of biogenesis differed significantly from one another in their proteome and functional enrichment analysis. Overall, our findings reveal that the mechanism of OMV biogenesis is a main factor that determines the OMV proteome which may affect their subsequent biological functions.

Zhand, S, Zhu, Y, Nazari, H, Sadraeian, M, Warkiani, ME & Jin, D 2023, 'Correction to “Thiolate DNAzymes on Gold Nanoparticles for Isothermal Amplification and Detection of Mesothelioma-derived Exosomal PD-L1 mRNA”', Analytical Chemistry, vol. 95, no. 32, pp. 12193-12193.
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Zhand, S, Zhu, Y, Nazari, H, Sadraeian, M, Warkiani, ME & Jin, D 2023, 'Thiolate DNAzymes on Gold Nanoparticles for Isothermal Amplification and Detection of Mesothelioma-derived Exosomal PD-L1 mRNA.', Anal Chem, vol. 95, no. 6, pp. 3228-3237.
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Catalytic DNAzymes have been used for isothermal amplification and rapid detection of nucleic acids, holding the potential for point-of-care testing applications. However, when Subzymes (universal substrate and DNAzyme) are tethered to the polystyrene magnetic microparticles via biotin-streptavidin bonds, the residual free Subzymes are often detached from the microparticle surface, which causes a significant degree of false positives. Here, we attached dithiol-modified Subzyme to gold nanoparticle and improved the limit of detection (LoD) by 200 times compared to that using magnetic microparticles. As a proof of concept, we applied our new method for the detection of exosomal programed cell-death ligand 1 (PD-L1) RNA. As the classical immune checkpoint, molecule PD-L1, found in small extracellular vesicles (sEVs, traditionally called exosomes), can reflect the antitumor immune response for predicting immunotherapy response. We achieved the LoD as low as 50 fM in detecting both the RNA homologous to the PD-L1 gene and exosomal PD-L1 RNAs extracted from epithelioid and nonepithelioid subtypes of mesothelioma cell lines, which only takes 8 min of reaction time. As the first application of isothermal DNAzymes for detecting exosomal PD-L1 RNA, this work suggests new point-of-care testing potentials toward clinical translations.

Zhang, C, Feng, J, Guo, X, Zhang, J, Zhang, W, Zhang, L, Song, J, Shao, G & Wang, G 2023, 'Blocking polysulfide by physical confinement and catalytic conversion of SiO2@MXene for Li–S battery', Applied Physics Letters, vol. 122, no. 19.
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Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have attracted increasing attention for next-generation energy storage systems with a high energy density and low cost. However, the practical applications have been plagued by the sluggish reaction kinetics and the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). Herein, core–shell SiO2@Ti3C2Tx MXene (SiO2@MX) hollow spheres are constructed as multifunctional catalysts to boost the performance of Li–S batteries. The dual-polar and dual-physical properties of SiO2 core and MXene shell provide multiple defense lines to the shuttle effect by chemical and physical confinement to LiPSs. Density functional theory calculations prove that Ti3C2Tx MXene and SiO2 enable the stronger trapping ability of LiPSs and the fast Li2S decomposition process. With this strategy, the robust SiO2@MX/S electrodes deliver superior electrochemical performances, including a high capacity of 1263 mAh g−1, and remarkable cycling stability with an ultralow capacity decay of 0.04% per cycle over 1000 cycles at 1 C. This work highlights the significance of core-shell dual-polar structural sulfur catalysts for practical application in advanced Li–S batteries.

Zhang, F, Su, Z, Li, Z, Zhu, Y, Gagrani, N, Li, Z, Lockrey, M, Li, L, Aharonovich, I, Lu, Y, Tan, HH, Jagadish, C & Fu, L 2023, 'High-speed multiwavelength InGaAs/InP quantum well nanowire array micro-LEDs for next generation optical communications', Opto-Electronic Science, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 230003-230003.
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Zhang, H, Chen, Y, Hua, W, Gu, W, Zhuang, H, Li, H, Jiang, X, Mao, Y, Liu, Y, Jin, D & Bu, W 2023, 'Heterostructures with Built‐in Electric Fields for Long‐lasting Chemodynamic Therapy', Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol. 62, no. 15.
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AbstractSustained signal activation by hydroxyl radicals (⋅OH) has great significance, especially for tumor treatment, but remains challenging. Here, a built‐in electric field (BIEF)‐driven strategy was proposed for sustainable generation of ⋅OH, thereby achieving long‐lasting chemodynamic therapy (LCDT). As a proof of concept, a novel Janus‐like Fe@Fe3O4−Cu2O heterogeneous catalyst was designed and synthesized, in which the BIEF induced the transfer of electrons in the Fe core to the surface, reducing ≡Cu2+ to ≡Cu+, thus achieving continuous Fenton‐like reactions and ⋅OH release for over 18 h, which is approximately 12 times longer than that of Fe3O4−Cu2O and 72 times longer than that of Cu2O nanoparticles. In vitro and in vivo antitumor results indicated that sustained ⋅OH levels led to persistent extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) signal activation and irreparable oxidative damage to tumor cells, which promoted irreversible tumor apoptosis. Importantly, this strategy provides ideas for developing long‐acting nanoplatforms for various applications.

Zhang, H, Chen, Y, Hua, W, Gu, W, Zhuang, H, Li, H, Jiang, X, Mao, Y, Liu, Y, Jin, D & Bu, W 2023, 'Heterostructures with Built‐in Electric Fields for Long‐lasting Chemodynamic Therapy', Angewandte Chemie, vol. 135, no. 15.
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AbstractSustained signal activation by hydroxyl radicals (⋅OH) has great significance, especially for tumor treatment, but remains challenging. Here, a built‐in electric field (BIEF)‐driven strategy was proposed for sustainable generation of ⋅OH, thereby achieving long‐lasting chemodynamic therapy (LCDT). As a proof of concept, a novel Janus‐like Fe@Fe3O4−Cu2O heterogeneous catalyst was designed and synthesized, in which the BIEF induced the transfer of electrons in the Fe core to the surface, reducing ≡Cu2+ to ≡Cu+, thus achieving continuous Fenton‐like reactions and ⋅OH release for over 18 h, which is approximately 12 times longer than that of Fe3O4−Cu2O and 72 times longer than that of Cu2O nanoparticles. In vitro and in vivo antitumor results indicated that sustained ⋅OH levels led to persistent extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) signal activation and irreparable oxidative damage to tumor cells, which promoted irreversible tumor apoptosis. Importantly, this strategy provides ideas for developing long‐acting nanoplatforms for various applications.

Zhang, L & Jin, D 2023, 'Cytometry and analytical methods in COVID‐19 diagnostics and potential treatment: A special issue on Cytometry Part A', Cytometry Part A, vol. 103, no. 2, pp. 105-106.
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Zhang, L, Cao, C, Tay, SS, Chen, C, Macmillan, A, Wen, S, Jin, D, McCarroll, J & Stenzel, MH 2023, 'Exploring the Effect of Drug Loading on the Biological Fate of Polymer-Coated Solid Nanoparticles', Chemistry of Materials, vol. 35, no. 11, pp. 4471-4488.
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Zhang, L, Sun, B, Liu, Q, Song, L, Zhang, T & Duan, X 2023, 'Construction of a dense and N-rich solid electrolyte interface for dendrite-free lithium metal batteries', Journal of Power Sources, vol. 580, pp. 233391-233391.
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Zhang, Z, Cescatti, A, Wang, Y-P, Gentine, P, Xiao, J, Guanter, L, Huete, AR, Wu, J, Chen, JM, Ju, W, Peñuelas, J & Zhang, Y 2023, 'Large diurnal compensatory effects mitigate the response of Amazonian forests to atmospheric warming and drying', Science Advances, vol. 9, no. 21.
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Photosynthesis and evapotranspiration in Amazonian forests are major contributors to the global carbon and water cycles. However, their diurnal patterns and responses to atmospheric warming and drying at regional scale remain unclear, hindering the understanding of global carbon and water cycles. Here, we used proxies of photosynthesis and evapotranspiration from the International Space Station to reveal a strong depression of dry season afternoon photosynthesis (by 6.7 ± 2.4%) and evapotranspiration (by 6.1 ± 3.1%). Photosynthesis positively responds to vapor pressure deficit (VPD) in the morning, but negatively in the afternoon. Furthermore, we projected that the regionally depressed afternoon photosynthesis will be compensated by their increases in the morning in future dry seasons. These results shed new light on the complex interplay of climate with carbon and water fluxes in Amazonian forests and provide evidence on the emerging environmental constraints of primary productivity that may improve the robustness of future projections.

Zhao, Y, Shen, Z, Huo, J, Cao, X, Ou, P, Qu, J, Nie, X, Zhang, J, Wu, M, Wang, G & Liu, H 2023, 'Epoxy‐rich Fe Single Atom Sites Boost Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis', Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol. 62, no. 36.
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AbstractElectrocatalysts for highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are crucial for energy conversion and storage devices. Single‐atom catalysts with maximized metal utilization and altered electronic structure are the most promising alternatives to replace current benchmark precious metals. However, the atomic level understanding of the functional role for each species at the anchoring sites is still unclear and poorly elucidated. Herein, we report Fe single atom catalysts with the sulfur and oxygen functional groups near the atomically dispersed metal centers (Fe1/NSOC) for highly efficient ORR. The Fe1/NSOC delivers a half‐wave potential of 0.92 V vs. RHE, which is much better than those of commercial Pt/C (0.88 V), Fe single atoms on N‐doped carbon (Fe1/NC, 0.89 V) and most reported nonprecious metal catalysts. The spectroscopic measurements reveal that the presence of sulfur group induces the formation of epoxy groups near the FeN4S2 centers, which not only modulate the electronic structure of Fe single atoms but also participate the catalytic process to improve the kinetics. The density functional theory calculations demonstrate the existence of sulfur and epoxy group engineer the charges of Fe reactive center and facilitate the reductive release of OH* (rate‐limiting step), thus boosting the overall oxygen reduction efficiency.

Zheng, L, Xiong, Y, Gao, Y, Yin, F, Szczygiełda, M, Krajewska, M, Vo, PHN, Jiang, C & Liu, H 2023, 'Tailoring the draw solution chemistry in the integrated electro-Fenton and forward osmosis for enhancing emerging contaminants removal: Performance, DFT calculation and degradation pathway', Science of The Total Environment, vol. 872, pp. 162155-162155.
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Zhigulin, I, Horder, J, Ivády, V, White, SJU, Gale, A, Li, C, Lobo, CJ, Toth, M, Aharonovich, I & Kianinia, M 2023, 'Stark Effect of Blue Quantum Emitters in Hexagonal Boron Nitride', Physical Review Applied, vol. 19, no. 4, p. 044011.
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Inhomogeneous broadening is a major limitation for the application of quantum emitters in hexagonal boron nitride to integrated quantum photonics. Here we demonstrate that so-called blue emitters with an emission wavelength of 436 nm are less sensitive to electric fields than other quantum emitters in hexagonal boron nitride. Our measurements reveal a weak, predominantly quadratic Stark effect that indicates a negligible transition dipole moment of the defect. Using these results, we discuss implications for the symmetry of the defect and use density-functional-theory simulations to identify a likely atomic structure of blue emitters in hexagonal boron nitride.

Zhigulin, I, Yamamura, K, Ivády, V, Gale, A, Horder, J, Lobo, CJ, Kianinia, M, Toth, M & Aharonovich, I 2023, 'Photophysics of blue quantum emitters in hexagonal boron nitride', Materials for Quantum Technology, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 015002-015002.
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Abstract Colour centres in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) have emerged as intriguing contenders for integrated quantum photonics. In this work, we present a detailed photophysical analysis of hBN single emitters emitting at the blue spectral range. The emitters are fabricated by different electron beam irradiation and annealing conditions and exhibit narrow-band luminescence centred at 436 nm. Photon statistics as well as rigorous photodynamics analysis unveils potential level structure of the emitters, which suggests lack of a metastable state, supported by a theoretical analysis. The potential defect can have an electronic structure with fully occupied defect state in the lower half of the hBN band gap and empty defect state in the upper half of the band gap. Overall, our results are important to understand the photophysical properties of the emerging family of blue quantum emitters in hBN as potential sources for scalable quantum photonic applications.

Zhou, X, Liu, H, Liu, S, zhang, L, Wang, T, Wang, C & Su, D 2023, 'Constructing efficient ɑ-Fe2O3/g-C3N4/HNTs-loaded heterojunction photocatalysts for photocatalytic oxidative desulfurization: Influencing factors, kinetics, and mechanism', Fuel, vol. 332, pp. 126147-126147.
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The ɑ-Fe2O3/g-C3N4/HNTs (halloysite nanotubes) were prepared by a simple two-step calcination method. The HNTs skeleton increases the specific surface area of the material and enriches the adsorption reaction sites to prevent the reunion of g-C3N4, while ɑ-Fe2O3 further enhances the absorption in the visible region of g-C3N4. The transfer and separation of photogenerated carriers are promoted by the heterojunction structure constructed by ɑ-Fe2O3 and g-C3N4. The results showed that dibenzothiophene in model oil could be converted by 96.01 % in 3 h under visible light irradiation using ɑ-Fe2O3/g-C3N4/HNTs-10 as the photocatalyst. The electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometry, radical capture experiments, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry indicated that hydroxyl radicals, holes, and superoxide radicals were the main active substances of the photocatalytic system. Based on the above experimental analysis, the photocatalytic desulfurization mechanism of ɑ-Fe2O3/g-C3N4/HNTs composites was proposed. This work opens a new path for the development of novel and advanced clay-based photocatalytic materials.

Zhu, Y, Luo, X, Yu, Z, Wen, S, Bao, G, Zhang, L, Zhang, C & Xian, Y 2023, 'Dye-sensitized rare-earth-doped nanoprobe for simultaneously enhanced NIR-II imaging and precise treatment of bacterial infection', Acta Biomaterialia, vol. 170, pp. 532-542.
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Zhu, Y, Zhu, R, Guan, P, Li, M, Wan, T, Hu, L, Zhang, S, Liu, C, Su, D, Liu, Y, Liu, D, Li, Q, Yu, J & Chu, D 2023, 'Designing MXene-Wrapped AgCl@Carbon core shell cathode for robust quasi-solid-state Ag-Zn battery with ultralong cycle life', Energy Storage Materials, vol. 60, pp. 102836-102836.
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Zong, L, Yu, Y, Wang, J, Liu, P, Feng, W, Dai, X, Chen, L, Gunawan, C, Jimmy Yun, SL, Amal, R, Cheong, S, Gu, Z & Chen, Y 2023, 'Oxygen-vacancy-rich molybdenum carbide MXene nanonetworks for ultrasound-triggered and capturing-enhanced sonocatalytic bacteria eradication', Biomaterials, vol. 296, pp. 122074-122074.
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Zou, F, Liu, Y, Chen, Z, Zhanghao, K & Jin, D 2023, 'Fourier Channel Attention Powered Lightweight Network for Image Segmentation', IEEE Journal of Translational Engineering in Health and Medicine, vol. 11, pp. 252-260.
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Кордзахия, НЕ, Kordzahiya, NE, Новиков, АА, Novikov, AA, Ширяев, АН & Shiryaev, AN 2023, 'Kolmogorov's inequality for the maximum of the sum of random variables and its martingale analogues', Teoriya Veroyatnostei i ee Primeneniya, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 565-585.
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Дается обзор результатов, связанных с распространением неравенства Колмогорова для распределения модуля максимума суммы центрированных независимых случайных величин на случай мартингалов, рассматриваемых в случайные моменты остановки.

Alfredo, RD, Nie, L, Kennedy, P, Power, T, Hayes, C, Chen, H, McGregor, C, Swiecki, Z, Gaševic, D & Martinez-Maldonado, R 1970, ''That Student Should be a Lion Tamer!' StressViz: Designing a Stress Analytics Dashboard for Teachers', ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, LAK23: 13th International Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), pp. 57-67.
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In recent years, there has been a growing interest in creating multimodal learning analytics (LA) systems that automatically analyse students' states that are hard to see with the 'naked eye', such as cognitive load and stress levels, but that can considerably shape their learning experience. A rich body of research has focused on detecting such aspects by capturing bodily signals from students using wearables and computer vision. Yet, little work has aimed at designing end-user interfaces that visualise physiological data to support tasks deliberately designed for students to learn from stressful situations. This paper addresses this gap by designing a stress analytics dashboard that encodes students' physiological data into stress levels during different phases of an authentic team simulation in the context of nursing education. We conducted a qualitative study with teachers to understand (i) how they made sense of the stress analytics dashboard; (ii) the extent to which they trusted the dashboard in relation to students' cortisol data; and (iii) the potential adoption of this tool to communicate insights and aid teaching practices.

Bracke, KR, Jacobs, M, Anckaert, J, Faiz, A, Van, GF, Verschraegen, S, Salhi, B, Schynkel, T, Venken, K, Elewaut, D, Hansbro, P, Brusselle, GG, Mestdagh, P & Seys, LJM 1970, 'Crosstalk Between Memory B Cells and Fibroblasts Contributes to COPD Pathogenesis', C108. IMMUNITY AND INFLAMMATION IN COPD: NOVEL FINDINGS, C108. IMMUNITY AND INFLAMMATION IN COPD: NOVEL FINDINGS, American Thoracic Society, pp. a6151-a6151.
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De Rubis, G, Paudel, KR & Dua, K 1970, 'Modernizing traditional medicine: nanoparticle-based drugdelivery systems to improve the delivery of phytoceuticals inmanaging chronic respiratory diseases', 21st International Symposioum on Advances in technology and business potential of new drug delivery systems, Controlled Release Society Indian Local Chapter, Mukesh Patel Auditorium, NMIMS Campus, Navyug Society, Mumbai-400047, India.

Faiz, A, Mahbub, R, Sabrina Boedijono, F, Timens, W, Nawijn, MC, Hansbro, P, D. Johansen, M, Brandsma, C-A, Heijink, IH, Massip, F, Stella de Biase, M, F. Schwarz, R, Adcock, IM, Chung, KF, Hiemstra, PS, Goulaouic, H, Heming Xing, H, Abdulai, RM, de Rinaldis, E, Cunoosamy, D, Harel, S, Lederer, DJ, C Nivens, M, Kerstjens, HAM, Hylkema, M & Van den Berge, M 1970, 'Using Single Cell Sequencing to Understand Treatment Response to Anti-IL33 Treatment in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)', B107. COPD: FROM OMICS TO TREATMENT, American Thoracic Society 2023 International Conference, May 19-24, 2023 - Washington, DC, American Thoracic Society.
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Faiz, A, Pouwels, SD, Guryev, V, Boedijono, FS, Kerstjens, H, Klooster, K, Hartman, JE, Timens, W, Brandsma, C-A, Slebos, D-J & Berge, MVD 1970, 'Exome seq of patients with severe COPD and advanced emphysema', Molecular pathology and functional genomics, ERS International Congress 2023 abstracts, European Respiratory Society.
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Horder, J, White, SJU, Gale, A, Li, C, Watanabe, K, Taniguchi, T, Kianinia, M, Aharonovich, I & Toth, M 1970, 'Resonant Spectroscopy of Blue Quantum Emitters in Hexagonal Boron Nitride', CLEO 2023, CLEO: Fundamental Science, Optica Publishing Group.
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A site-specific fabrication technique was used to produce arrays of blue quantum emitters in hBN for a cryogenic spectroscopy study. We characterise temperature dependent linewidth, identify processes that limit emitter coherence, and observe Rabi oscillations.

Jena, R, Singh, P & Mohanty, M 1970, 'PPAuth: A Privacy-Preserving Framework for Authentication of Digital Image', Springer Nature Switzerland, pp. 188-199.
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Johansen, M, Idrees, S, Boedijono, F, Miemczyk, S, Nguyen, D, Nichol, K, Wark, P, Faiz, A & Hansbro, P 1970, 'Late Breaking Abstract - Increased SARS-CoV-2 infection in asthmatic primary bronchial epithelial cells defined with single cell RNA-sequencing', Respiratory infections and bronchiectasis, ERS International Congress 2023 abstracts, European Respiratory Society.
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Karp, T, Faiz, A, Kerstjens, HAM, Nawijn, MC, Sun, Y, Kersten, ETG, Koppelman, GH, Kraft, M, Beghé, B, Rabe, KF, Kotz, M, Papi, A, Brightling, CE, Singh, D, Van Der Molen, T, Siddiqui, S, Guryev, V & Van Den Berge, M 1970, 'Late Breaking Abstract - Seasonal variation in nasal epithelium gene expression', Monitoring airway disease, ERS International Congress 2023 abstracts, European Respiratory Society.
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Mahbub, RM, Brandsma, C-A, Van Den Berge, M & Faiz, A 1970, 'Uncovering unique gene signatures for COPD through integrating human airway datasets', Molecular pathology and functional genomics, ERS International Congress 2023 abstracts, European Respiratory Society.
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Martin, L, Thomas, P, De Silva, P & Sirivivatnanon, V 1970, 'Durability Loss in Concrete Due to ASR-DEF, The Role of Aggregate Reactivity in Deleterious Delayed Ettringite Formation', Concrete 2023 Resilient and Sustainable Concrete: Breaking Down Barriers, Concrete Institute of Australia Biennial National Conference, Perth.
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Durability of concrete and cementitious materials is important to their worldwide usage in housing and infrastructure. Two known causes of durability loss in concrete are the alkali-silica reaction (ASR) and delayed ettringite formation (DEF), which are chemical processes with the potential for expansion, cracking, and strength loss in affected elements. There is significant overlap in the contributing factors for ASR and DEF, in particular pore solution alkalinity. DEF is of most concern for large, precast concrete structures, although in Australia reported cases of deleterious DEF have been in conjunction with mild or moderate ASR. Current guidelines regarding DEF are based on laboratory experiments in mortar specimens, and the role of the aggregate and ASR in concrete has been overlooked. Mitigation strategies for DEF involve temperature thresholds during curing, chemical limits for the binder, and the use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in the mix design. This study investigates the role of aggregate reactivity, curing temperature, and cement composition in the susceptibility of concrete elements to deleterious DEF, and the efficacy of fly-ash as an SCM in preventing deleterious ASR-DEF. Concrete specimens containing ASR-reactive aggregates were made with different binder and curing conditions, then monitored for expansion and strength loss over two years. Contributions towards the understanding of ASR-DEF mechanisms and the development of industry risk assessments in Australia are presented in this paper.

Martin, L, Thomas, P, De Silva, P & Sirivivatnanon, V 1970, 'Role of Aggregate Reactivity, Binder Composition, and Curing Temperature on the Delayed Ettringite Formation and Associated Durability Loss in Concrete', Springer Nature Singapore, pp. 83-91.
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AbstractThe durability of concrete is critical to its worldwide use as a structural material for buildings and infrastructure, with the lifetime service of concrete greatly affecting its economic, environmental, and social costs. Causes of durability loss in some concrete structures can be attributed to the alkali–silica reaction (ASR) and delayed ettringite formation (DEF). Both are chemical reactions that have the potential to cause expansion and strength loss in affected elements. Significant overlap exists in the factors contributing to ASR and DEF in concrete structures, with widely reported evidence of deleterious DEF frequently occurring in conjunction with mild or moderate ASR. For precast concrete, experiments in mortars have provided limits in the alkali and sulfate content of the binder and maximum curing temperatures used to minimize DEF risk. The role of other constituents in concrete specimens, notably the aggregate, has been overlooked. We investigated the role of reactive aggregates and ASR in the susceptibility of concrete to deleterious DEF.

Parker, H, Jahan, Z, Oliver, BGG, Faiz, A, Cheung, V, Cooper, WA & Kohonen-Corish, MRJ 1970, 'Defining tetranucleotide repeat instability as a marker of deficient DNA repair in lung cancer', RESPIROLOGY, WILEY, pp. 41-41.

Rahman, H, Nanda, P, Mohanty, M & Sheikh, N 1970, 'Anomaly Detection in Smart Grid Networks Using Power Consumption Data', Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Security and Cryptography, 20th International Conference on Security and Cryptography, SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, Rome, Italy.
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Rathnayake, S, Reddy, K, Xenaki, D, Oliver, B, Van Den Berge, M & Faiz, A 1970, 'The ALDH3A1 gene suppresses Periostin gene expression in human airway epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke', Mechanisms of lung injury and repair, ERS International Congress 2023 abstracts, European Respiratory Society.
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Reddy, K, Xenaki, D, Rathanyake, S, Idrees, S, Boedijono, F, Weckmann, M, Padula, M, Van Den Berge, M, Faiz, A & Oliver, B 1970, 'The X and Y of inflammation, fibrosis and cell death in asthma', Molecular pathology and functional genomics, ERS International Congress 2023 abstracts, European Respiratory Society.
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Reddy, KD, Xenaki, D, Rathnayake, S, Zakarya, R, Idrees, S, Boedijono, F, Padula, M, Van Den Berge, M, Faiz, A & Oliver, B 1970, 'Cigarette smoking, COPD and the sex chromosomes', Molecular pathology and functional genomics, ERS International Congress 2023 abstracts, European Respiratory Society.
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Rehman, SF, Fuchs, D, Budden, KF, Quaranta, A, Shukla, SD, Horvat, J, Wood, LG, Wheelock, CE & Hansbro, PM 1970, 'Lipid Profiling Reveals Key Lipid Mediators in Cigarette Smoke-induced Experimental COPD', C108. IMMUNITY AND INFLAMMATION IN COPD: NOVEL FINDINGS, C108. IMMUNITY AND INFLAMMATION IN COPD: NOVEL FINDINGS, American Thoracic Society, pp. a6148-a6148.
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Saerens, G, Dursap, T, Solntsev, AS, Karvounis, A, Hesner, I, Duong, NMH, Regreny, P, Maeder, A, Morandi, A, Danescu, A, Chauvin, N, Chapman, RJ, Penuelas, J & Grange, R 1970, 'Single GaAs Nanowires for Near-Infrared Spontaneous Parametric Down-Conversion', CLEO 2023, CLEO: Fundamental Science, Optica Publishing Group.
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We report 60 GHz/Wm photon pair generation via type-0 spontaneous parametric down-conversion at 1550 nm from individual free-standing GaAs nanowires with sub-450 nm diameter and lengths up to 5 μm.

Sarma, A, Faiz, A, Ditz, B, Langelier, C, Nerella, S, Neff, N, Lyden, A, Caldera, S, Bolourchi, S, Calfee, CS, Bathoorn, E, Kerstjens, HAM, Van den Berge, M & Christenson, S 1970, 'Unsupervised Clustering of Sputum Transcriptomes Identifies Three COPD Exacerbation Endotypes With Differing Susceptibilities and Pathobiology', B101. OMICS STUDIES OF IMMUNE CELLS AND THE LUNG, American Thoracic Society 2023 International Conference, May 19-24, 2023 - Washington, DC, American Thoracic Society.
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Sharman, L, Rojahn, J, Wooster, E, Torpy, F, Fleck, R & Irga, P 1970, 'Green Roof and Photovoltaik comparative research in Sydney', Weltkongress Gebaudegrun / World Green Infrastructure Congress WGIC, Berlin, Germany.

Ton-That, C, Irvine, CP, Stopic, A, Yamamura, K, Westerhausen, MT & Phillips, MR 1970, 'Defect characterization of undoped and doped b-Ga2O3 (Conference Presentation)', Oxide-based Materials and Devices XIV, Oxide-based Materials and Devices XIV, SPIE.
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van Nijnatten, J, Faiz, A, Vermeulen, CJ, Timens, W, De Vries, M, Faner, R, Brandsma, C-A & Van Den Berge, M 1970, 'Differential DNA Methylation Associated with COPD and COPD Severity', Molecular pathology and functional genomics, ERS International Congress 2023 abstracts, European Respiratory Society.
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White, S, Yang, T, Dontschuk, N, Stewart, C, Li, C, Xu, Z-Q, Solntsev, AS, Kianinia, M, Stacey, A, Toth, M & Aharonovich, I 1970, 'Hexagonal boron nitride: a source for quantum photonics applications', Light-Emitting Devices, Materials, and Applications XXVII, Light-Emitting Devices, Materials, and Applications XXVII, SPIE.
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Ajani, P, Dove, M, Farrell, H, O'Connor, W, Tesoriero, M, Verma, A, Zammit, A, Hughes, B & Murray, S University of Technology Sydney 2023, Transforming Australian Shellfish Production: Cromartys Bay Harvest Area, Port Stephens. Report on Stage 1, December 2017-March 2021, Sydney, Australia, Sydney Australia.

Ajani, P, Dove, M, Farrell, H, O'Connor, W, Tesoriero, M, Verma, A, Zammit, A, Hughes, B & Murray, S University of Technology Sydney 2023, Transforming Australian Shellfish Production: Wapengo Front Lake Harvest Area, Wapengo Lake. Report on Stage 1, December 2018-March 2021, Sydney.

Ajani, P, Dove, M, Farrell, H, O'Connor, W, Tesoriero, M, Verma, A, Zammit, A, Hughes, B & Murray, S University of Technology Sydney 2023, Transforming Australian Shellfish Production: Wonboyn Lake A Harvest Area, Wonboyn River. Report on Stage 1, February 2018-February 2021, Sydney, Australia, Sydney, Australia.

Ajani, P, Dove, M, Farrell, H, O'Connor, W, Tesoriero, M, Verma, A, Zammit, A, Hughes, B, Parker, L & Murray, S University of Technology Sydney 2023, Transforming Australian Shellfish Production: Gogleys Lagoon Harvest Area, Camden Haven River. Report on Stage 1, October 2017-March 2021, Sydney.

Ajani, P, Vig, D, Dove, M, Farrell, H, O'Connor, W, Tesoriero, M, Verma, A, Zammit, A, Hughes, B & Murray, S University of Technology Sydney 2023, Transforming Australian Shellfish Production: Quibray Bay Harvest Area, Georges River. Report on Stage 1, October 2017-March 2021, Sydney, Australia.

Devitt, SJ & Langford, NK Standards Australia 2023, At the Intersection between Quantum Communication Networks and Standardisation, pp. 1-47, Sydney, Australia.

Langford, NK & Devitt, SJ Standards Australia 2023, At the Intersection Between Scalable Quantum Computing and Standardisation, pp. 1-42, Sydney, Australia.

Langford, NK & Devitt, SJ Standards Australia 2023, Quantum Education, Training and Literacy: Laying Good Foundations for the Future Quantum Industry, Sydney, Australia.

Langford, NK & Devitt, SJ Standards Australia 2023, Quantum Technologies and Standardisation Globally and in Australia, Sydney, Australia.

Abbriano, RM, George, J, Kahlke, T, Commault, AS & Fabris, M 2023, 'Real time mobilization of a novel diatomMutator-Like Element(MULE) transposon to inactivate the uridine monophosphate synthase (UMPS) locus inPhaeodactylum tricornutum', Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
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Abell-King, C, Pokhrel, A, Rice, SA, Duggin, IG & Söderström, B 2023, 'Direct visualization of bacterial multispecies infection and symbiotic interactions within human bladder epithelial cells', Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
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Bottomley, A, Motha, A, Kruik, S & Cole, L 2023, 'Research Data Management in a Core Imaging Facility: Common challenges and best practice'.

Briceno, VF, Cook, AM, Courtney, JSK, Arnold, PA, Gallagher, RV, French, K, Bravo, LA, Nicotra, AB & Leigh, A 2023, 'Drivers of thermal tolerance breadth of plants across contrasting biomes: do mean or seasonality in climate indices matter more?', Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
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Brunet, M, Duff, NL, Rigaut-Jalabert, F, Romac, S, Barbeyron, T & Thomas, F 2023, 'Seasonal dynamics of a glycan-degrading flavobacterial genus in a tidally-mixed coastal temperate habitat', Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
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Budden, K, Awatade, N, Gallop, M, Paudel, KR, Nichol, K, Hegarty, K, Hansbro, P & Wark, P 2023, 'Bushfire-derived particulates impair epithelial cilia and chloride efflux channel functions'.

Budden, KF, Shukla, SD, Bowerman, KL, Gellatly, S, Wood, DLA, Lachner, N, Idrees, S, Patel, VK, Faiz, A, Rehman, SF, Donovan, C, Alemao, CA, Shen, SJ, Vanka, KS, Mason, J, Haw, TJ, Fricker, M, Keely, S, Hansbro, NG, Belz, GT, Horvat, JC, Ashhurst, TM, van Vreden, C, McGuire, HM, de St Groth, BF, King, NJC, Crossett, B, Cordwel, SJ, Bonaguro, L, Schultze, JL, Forster, SC, Cooper, MA, Segal, LN, Vaughan, A, Collins, PF, Bowman, RV, Fong, KM, Yang, IA, Wark, PA, Dennis, PG, Hugenholtz, P & Hansbro, PM 2023, 'Fecal microbial transfer and complex carbohydrates mediate protection against COPD', Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
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Cai, Y, Shang, Y, Qin, X, Jin, D & zhou, J 2023, 'Anisotropic surface quenching of upconversion nanoparticles', Research Square Platform LLC.
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Carter, DJ, Byrne, MK, Djordjevic, S, Robertson, H, Labbate, M, Morgan, B & Billington, L 2023, 'Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Technology: Keys to Success', OSF Preprints.
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Carter, DJ, Byrne, MK, Djordjevic, S, Robertson, H, Labbate, M, Morgan, B & Billington, L 2023, 'Public Support for Next-Generation Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance', OSF Preprints.
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Cook, A, Rezende, E, Petrou, K & Leigh, A 2023, 'Beyond a single temperature threshold: applying a cumulative thermal stress framework to plant heat tolerance', Authorea.
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de Almeida Oliveira, M, Lopes Amorim, N, Torres, L, Prazeres, PHDM, Junior, REM, Vaughan, A, Wadhwa, R, Majumder, R, Das, S, Paudel, KR, Evans, A, Moreira, TG, Maioli, TU, Hansbro, P & Faria, AMC 2023, 'Omega 3 anti-inflammatory effects are microbiota dependent: unravelling the gut-lung axis'.

Elder, M, Gardam, G, Piggott, A, Spriano, D & Townsend, K 2023, 'Graphs and groups with unique geodesics'.

Espinoza-Vergara, G, Hoque, MM, Noorian, P, To, J, Moon, JM, Rice, SA & McDougald, D 2023, 'Single cell RNA-seq reveals that the Vibrio cholerae MakA toxin is required for killing of Tetrahymena pyriformis and for survival in protozoan expelled food vacuoles', Research Square Platform LLC.
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Gale, A, Scognamiglio, D, Zhigulin, I, Whitefield, B, Kianinia, M, Aharonovich, I & Toth, M 2023, 'Manipulating the Charge State of Spin Defects in Hexagonal Boron Nitride'.

Ghaly, TM, Focardi, A, Elbourne, LDH, Sutcliffe, B, Humphreys, W, Paulsen, IT & Tetu, SG 2023, 'Stratified microbial communities in Australia’s only anchialine cave are taxonomically novel and drive chemotrophic energy production via coupled nitrogen-sulphur cycling', Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
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Gladding, JM, Lingawi, NW, Leung, B, Kendig, MD, Chieng, BC & Laurent, V 2023, 'High fat diet allows food-predictive stimuli to energize action performance in the absence of hunger, without distorting insulin signaling on accumbal cholinergic interneurons', Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
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Gupta, A 2023, 'Why Western Sydney is feeling the heat from climate change more than the rest of the city', The Conversation.
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https://theconversation.com/why-western-sydney-is-feeling-the-heat-from-climate-change-more-than-the-rest-of-the-city-201477

Hamm, JN, Liao, Y, Kügelgen, AV, Dombrowski, N, Landers, E, Brownlee, C, Johansson, EMV, Whan, RM, Baker, MAB, Baum, B, Bharat, TAM, Duggin, IG, Spang, A & Cavicchioli, R 2023, 'The parasitic lifestyle of an archaeal symbiont', Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
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Handy, R 2023, 'Researchers flip coins 350,000 times to find out if odds truly are 50/50', New Atlas.

Hennessey, M, Whitefield, B, Gale, A, Scott, JA, Kianinia, M, Aharonovich, I & Toth, M 2023, 'Framework for engineering of spin defects in hexagonal boron nitride by focused ion beams'.

Idrees, S, Pathinayake, P, Faiz, A, Wark, P & Hansbro, P 2023, 'Identification of genes and master regulators driving COPD progression'.

Jin, D, Mi, C, Zhang, X, Yang, C, Wu, J, Chen, X, Ma, C, Wu, S, Yang, Z, Qiao, P, Liu, Y, Wu, W, Guo, Z, Liao, J, zhou, J, Guan, M, Liang, C & Liu, C 2023, 'Bone Disease Imaging through the Near-Infrared-II Window', Research Square Platform LLC.
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Katona, K, Sklibosios Nikitopoulos, C & Schlögl, E 2023, 'A Price Mechanism Survey of the Australian National Electricity Market'.

Lam, M & Hamidian, M 2023, 'Examining the role ofAcinetobacter baumanniiPlasmid Types in Disseminating Antimicrobial Resistance', bioRxiv.
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Li, W, Lin, A, Hutton, M, Dhaliwal, H, Nadel, J, Rodor, J, Tumanov, S, Örd, T, Hadden, M, Mokry, M, Mol, BM, Pasterkamp, G, Padula, MP, Geczy, CL, Ramaswamy, Y, Sluimer, JC, Kaikkonen, MU, Stocker, R, Baker, AH, Fisher, EA, Patel, S & Misra, A 2023, 'Colchicine promotes atherosclerotic plaque stability independently of inflammation', Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
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Mao, H, Szafranska, K, Kruse, L, Holte, C, Wolfson, DL, Ahluwalia, BS, Whitchurch, CB, Cole, L, Lockwood, GP, Diekmann, R, Le Couteur, D, Cogger, VC & McCourt, PAG 2023, 'Effect of caffeine and other xanthines on liver sinusoidal endothelial cell ultrastructure', Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
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McKnight, DJE, Wong, J, Okoh, EB, Snijders, F, Lidbetter, F, Webster, J, Haughton, M, Darling, AE, Djordjevic, SP, Bogema, DR & Chapman, T 2023, 'Xanthomonas rydalmerenesissp. nov., a novel plant bacteria isolated fromFragaria x ananassa', Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
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Mediati, DG, Dan, W, Lalaouna, D, Dinh, H, Pokhrel, A, Stinear, TP, Cain, AK & Tree, JJ 2023, 'The 3’ UTR ofvigRis required for virulence inStaphylococcus aureusand has expanded through STAR sequence repeat insertions', Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
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Menictas, M, Oates, CJ & Wand, MP 2023, 'Real-time Semiparametric Regression via Sequential Monte Carlo'.

Mi, C, Zhang, X, Yang, C, Wu, J, Chen, X, Ma, C, Wu, S, Yang, Z, Qiao, P, Liu, Y, Wu, W, Guo, Z, Liao, J, Zhou, J, Guan, M, Liang, C, Liu, C & Jin, D 2023, 'Nanoparticles Passive Targeting Allows Optical Imaging of Bone Diseases'.

Miller, SM, Herdean, A, Gupta, V, Signal, B, Abbriano, RM, Ralph, PJ & Pernice, M 2023, 'FACS-mediated selection enhances growth and carotenoid production in subpopulations of Phaeodactylum tricornutum', Research Square Platform LLC.
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Mills, J, Gebhard, LJ, Schubotz, F, Shevchenko, A, Speth, DR, Liao, Y, Duggin, IG, Marchfelder, A & Erdmann, S 2023, 'Extracellular vesicles of Euryarchaeida: precursor to eukaryotic membrane trafficking', Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
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Mishra, N, Bhatt, S, Paudel, KR, Hansbro, P & Dua, K 2023, 'Synbiotics for the management of Cancer', Springer.
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This book illustrates the significance of probiotics and prebiotics for the management of various types of cancers.

Nomura, H, Wu, M, Song, J, Hung, A, Tran, S, TA, H, Akther, F, Wu, Y, Johansen, M, Chew, K, Kumar, V, Woodruff, T, Clark, R, Koehbach, J, Lomonte, B, Rosado, C, Thomas, M, Boudes, M, Reboul, C, Rash, L, Gallo, L, Essid, S, Elmlund, D, Miemczyk, S, Hansbro, N, Saunders, B, Britton, W, Sly, P, Yamamoto, A, Fernández, J, Moyle, P, Short, K, Hansbro, P, Kuruppu, S, Smith, I & Rajapakse, N 2023, 'Development of a novel angiotensin converting enzyme 2 stimulator with broad implications in SARS-CoV2 infection and type 1 diabetes', Research Square Platform LLC.
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Nonahal, M, Li, C, Ren, H, Spencer, L, Kianinia, M, Toth, M & Aharonovich, I 2023, 'Monolithic Platform for Integrated Quantum Photonics with Hexagonal Boron Nitride'.

Paudel, KR 2023, 'Impact of bushfire smoke particulate matter exposure on respiratory health.'.
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Invited speaker at TSANZ Symposium - Breathing in vitro - Exposure of in vitro models to aerosols Monday, 27 March 2023 15:30 - 17:00

Phan, TH, Shi, H, Denes, CE, Cole, AJ, Wang, Y, Cheng, YY, Hesselson, D, Neely, GG, Jang, J-H & Chrzanowski, W 2023, 'Advanced pathophysiology mimicking lung models for accelerated drug discovery', Research Square Platform LLC.
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Rajapaksha, RWPM, Attanayaka, DPSTG, Vivehananthan, K, Linacre, A & McNevin, D 2023, 'The Risk of Pathogens Associated with Seed Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) Imported to Sri Lanka : A Metagenomic Approach', Research Square Platform LLC.
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Ren, B, He, H, Cao, M, Gao, Y, Zheng, P, Yan, S, Zhong, J-H, Wang, L & Jin, D 2023, 'Noise Learning of Instruments for High-contrast, High-resolution and Fast Hyperspectral Microscopy and Nanoscopy', Research Square Platform LLC.
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Rennie, C, Sives, C, Boyton, I, Diaz, D, Gorrie, CA, Vittorio, O, Collins-Praino, L & Care, A 2023, 'In vivofate of systemically administered encapsulin protein nanocages and implications for their use in targeted drug delivery', Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
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Robertson, IO, Scholten, SC, Singh, P, Healey, AJ, Meneses, F, Reineck, P, Abe, H, Ohshima, T, Kianinia, M, Aharonovich, I & Tetienne, J-P 2023, 'Detection of paramagnetic spins with an ultrathin van der Waals quantum sensor'.

Ryder, WG, Graziotto, ME, New, EJ & Gale, PA 2023, 'Subcellular targeted anionophores', ChemRxiv.
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Sadaf, T, Paudel, KR, Chung, F, Neely, G, Faiz, A & Hansbro, P 2023, 'Genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 Knock-out library screening against cigarette smoke'.

Sadaf, T, Paudel, KR, Gillis, C, Nijnatten, JV, Kim, R, Beckett, EL, Deane, A, Faiz, A & Hansbro, P 2023, 'Integration of miRNA and gene expression profiles from lung tissues of CS-induced COPD'.

Scammell, H & Sushkov, O 2023, 'Exciton condensation in biased bilayer graphene'.
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Scholten, SC, Singh, P, Healey, AJ, Robertson, IO, Haim, G, Tan, C, Broadway, DA, Wang, L, Abe, H, Ohshima, T, Kianinia, M, Reineck, P, Aharonovich, I & Tetienne, J-P 2023, 'Multi-species optically addressable spin defects in a van der Waals material'.

Sortino, L, Gale, A, Kühner, L, Li, C, Biechteler, J, Wendisch, FJ, Kianinia, M, Ren, H, Toth, M, Maier, SA, Aharonovich, I & Tittl, A 2023, 'Optically addressable spin defects coupled to bound states in the continuum metasurfaces'.

Strudwick, P, Camp, EF, Seymour, J, Roper, C, Edmondson, J, Howlett, L & Suggett, DJ 2023, 'Assessing Efficacy of Plastic-free Alternative Ties For Coral Propagation in Reef Restoration', Research Square Platform LLC.
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Strudwick, P, Seymour, J, Camp, E, Roper, C, Edmondson, J, Howlett, L & Suggett, D 2023, 'Bacterial communities associated with corals out-planted on the Great Barrier Reef are inherently dynamic over space and time', Research Square Platform LLC.
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Stylianou, N, Sebina, I, Matigian, N, Monkman, J, Doehler, H, Röhl, J, Allenby, M, Nam, A, Pan, L, Rockstroh, A, Sadeghirad, H, Chung, K, Sobanski, T, O’Byrne, K, Rebutini, PZ, Machado-Souza, C, Stonoga, ETS, Warkiani, ME, Salomon, C, Short, K, McClements, L, de Noronha, L, Huang, R, Belz, GT, Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes, F, Clifton, V & Kulasinghe, A 2023, 'Whole transcriptome profiling of placental pathobiology in SARS-CoV-2 pregnancies identifies a preeclampsia-like gene signature', Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
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Tobin, L, Jarocki, VM, Kenyon, J, Drigo, B, Donner, E, Djordjevic, SP & Hamidian, M 2023, 'Genomic Analysis of Diverse EnvironmentalAcinetobacterIsolates Identifies Plasmids, Antibiotic Resistance Genes, and Capsular Polysaccharides Shared with Clinical Strains', Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
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Tran, TN, Gale, A, Whitefield, B, Toth, M, Aharonovich, I & Kianinia, M 2023, 'Coupling spin defects in hexagonal boron nitride to a microwave cavity'.

Valova, V, Gorrie, C, McGrath, K, Borra, A, Sanchez, L & Cole, L 2023, 'Establishing a Tissue Clearing Pipeline at the Microbial Imaging Facility, UTS'.
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Optical tissue clearing techniques can improve the permeability of biological specimens to light and molecular probes, and thereby make them amenable to in toto imaging at cellular resolution. Recent advances in these techniques have demonstrated their utility for a range of specimens with different chemical and physical compositions, and enabled advances in fields such as neuroscience, developmental biology, immunology, and oncology. To facilitate access to these techniques, a tissue clearing pipeline was established at the Microbial Imaging Facility (MIF) at UTS. Three case studies are presented to highlight the challenges associated with designing clearing experiments for distinct sample types and research applications, including (1) visualising astrocytes in rat brain and spinal cord; (2) assessing VCAM-1 (inflammatory marker) expression in the mouse heart; and (3) examining the 3D structure and composition of breast cancer tumour and mammary gland pieces. In each case, a different clearing approach was adapted to suit a range of interacting variables, for example, improving sample transparency; maintaining tissue integrity; preserving molecules of interest and antigenicity; and ensuring compatibility with available imaging systems and computing resources. The need to tailor clearing pipelines to specific samples and research applications can limit the practicality of offering tissue clearing as a service in a Core Facility. However, as demonstrated by the current case studies, having capacity to offer expertise and access to a subset of protocols can help increase uptake of these techniques and enable users to progress their research on cleared specimens.

Vlaanderen, EJ, Ghaly, TM, Moore, LR, Focardi, A, Paulsen, IT & Tetu, SG 2023, 'Plastic Leachate Exposure Drives Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence in Marine Bacterial Communities', Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
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Wenk, EH, Sauquet, H, Gallagher, RV, Brownlee, R, Boettiger, C, Coleman, D, Yang, S, Auld, T, Barrett, R, Brodribb, T, Choat, B, Dun, L, Ellsworth, D, Gosper, C, Guja, L, Jordan, GJ, Breton, TL, Leigh, A, Lu-Irving, P, Medlyn, B, Nolan, R, Ooi, M, Sommerville, KD, Vesk, P, White, M, Wright, IJ & Falster, DS 2023, 'The AusTraits Plant Dictionary', Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
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Xi, P, Xu, X, Wang, W, Qiao, L, Fu, Y, Ge, X, Zhao, K, Zhanghao, K, Guan, M, Chen, X, Li, M & Jin, D 2023, 'Ultra-high spatio-temporal resolution imaging with parallel acquisition-readout structured illumination microscopy (PAR-SIM)', Research Square Platform LLC.
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Xiang, M, Jiang, Y, zhou, J, Bao, G, Luo, X, Zhang, L, Jin, D, Xian, Y & Zhang, C 2023, 'NIR Light-Controlled DNA Nanodevice for Amplified mRNA Imaging and Precise Gene Therapy', Research Square Platform LLC.
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Zhigulin, I, Yamamura, K, Ivády, V, Gale, A, Horder, J, Lobo, CJ, Kianinia, M, Toth, M & Aharonovich, I 2023, 'Photophysics of blue quantum emitters in hexagonal Boron Nitride'.

Zhou, Y, Garces, LP, Shen, Y, Sherris, M & Ziveyi, J 2023, 'Age-Dependent Multi-Cohort Affine Mortality Model with Cohort Correlation', CEPAR Working Paper.