Publications

Schulte, J 2005, APNF 2004 - SINC 04, Proceedings of the Asia Pacific Nanotechnology Forum, Asia Pacific Nanotechnology Forum, Sydney.
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APNF 2004 - SINC 04, Proceedings of the Asia Pacific Nanotechnology Forum Proceedings of APNF 2004 conference in Shanghai, China. Vol 1 and Vol 2, 689 pages

Schulte, J 2005, Nanotechnology: Global Strategies, Industry Trends and Applications.
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The rapid growth of miniaturisation to meet the demand for increasingly smart devices is driving global investment in a wide range of industries such as IT, electronics, energy, biotechnology and materials science. Nanotechnology: Global Strategies, Industry Trends and Applications, written by experts from Asia, Europe and the USA, gives a comprehensive and important global perspective on nanotechnology. The book is divided into 3 parts: National Nanotechnology Initiatives in Asia, Europe and the USAexplores the current status of nanotechnology in China, Korea, Europe and the USA. Investing in Nanotechnology provides practical information about the opportunities and risks involved in nanotechnology and predictions for future growth. Frontiers of Nanotechnology discusses future applications of the technology and the real-world issues surrounding these. Outlining developing trends, emerging opportunities, associated risks and future applications, this book is essential reading for professionals, prospective investors and policy makers who need an accessible introduction to the topic. © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Anyamba, A, Tucker, CJ, Huete, A & Boken, VJ 2005, 'Monitoring Drought Using Coarse-Resolution Polar-Orbiting Satellite Data' in Boken, V, Cracknell, AP & Heathcote, RL (eds), Monitoring and Predicting Agricultural Drought: A Global Study, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, pp. 57-78.
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Choy, B, Dun, T & Schlogl, E 2005, 'Correlating market models' in Dunbar, N (ed), Derivatives Trading and Option Pricing, Risk Books, London, UK, pp. 303-322.

Combes, V & Grau, GE 2005, 'Cytokines and defense and pathology of the CNS' in Cytokines and the CNS, pp. 243-267.
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© 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Homeostasis implies constantly operational defense mechanisms, against both outside and inside aggressions. Among these, infectious agents represent a major functional compartment. During any infection, the release of a vast array of cytokines is elicited in the host. These pleiomorphic mediators are of prime importance in the defense of the host, both in the systemic circulation and at sites of tissue injury, particularly the blood-brain barrier. Here we will focus on mechanisms by which cytokines can achieve this defense of the CNS against pathogens, but we also discuss the conditions under which cytokines can trigger tissue lesions, i.e., mediate immunopathological reactions. We will address malaria parasites vs. other pathogens and the involvement of cytokines in the pathogenesis of other insults to the CNS, such as ischemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress.

Duggin, IG & Wilce, JA 2005, 'Termination of Replication in Bacteria' in Encyclopedia of Life Sciences, Wiley-Blackwell, United States, pp. 1-7.
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n the case of a circular bacterial chromosome, termination of DNA replication occurs when the two replication forks, progressing in opposite directions, meet and fuse in a specific region of the chromosome, which is generally diametrically opposed to the site of initiation of DNA replication. Most research has focused on the systems utilized by the rod-shaped Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis.

George, AM 2005, 'Multiple Antimicrobial Resistance' in White, DG, Alekshun, MN & McDermott, PF (eds), Frontiers in Antimicrobial Resistance: a Tribute to Stuart B. Levy, ASM Press, Washington DC, USA, pp. 151-164.

Gu, H & Schulte, J 2005, 'Scientific Development and Industrial Application of Nanotechnology in China' in Nanotechnology: Global Strategies, Industry Trends and Applications, pp. 6-24.
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Gu, H & Schulte, J 2005, 'Scientific Development and Industrial Applications of Nanotechnology in China' in Schulte, DJ (ed), Nanotechnology - Global Strategies, Industry Trends and Applications, Wiley, New York, pp. 7-24.

Huete, A 2005, 'Estimation of Soil Properties Using Hyperspectral VIS/IR Sensors' in Anderson, MG (ed), Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, New York, pp. 887-902.
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Knowledge of soil properties and processes are crucial to the understanding of the terrestrial hydrologic cycle and the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. In this paper, we present the current state and potential of hyperspectral remote sensing techniques for quantitative retrieval of soil properties. Remote sensing is used to detect chemical and physical soil properties either (i) directly from the bare soil pixels, (ii) through advanced spectroscopy methods in mixed soil-vegetation-litter pixels, and (iii) by measurements of the overlying vegetated canopy to infer soil properties and moisture status. Optical-geometric properties of soil surfaces reveal information on soil physical features, such as soil structure, crusting, and erosion. We also investigate the use of vegetation water indices to infer soil drying and wetting in the soil root zone. We conclude with a discussion on future needs and directions for remote sensing of soil properties.

Huete, A 2005, 'Spectral Mixtures' in Encyclopedia of Soil Science, Second Edition, CRC Press.
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Ip, K, Ray, AS, Stuart, BH & Thomas, P 2005, 'Investigation of the degradation of sandstones in Sydney's heritage buildings' in Modena, C, Lourenco, PB & Roca, P (eds), Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions - Possibilities of Numerical and Experimental Techniques vol 1, Taylor & Francis, London, UK, pp. 239-244.
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Sydney, with many of its heritage buildings and monuments constructed as a result ofthe first European settlement in the l800s, is a city built on a large block of sandstone. Although many ofthese buildings are still strong and sound, signs of deterioration have become evident in recent years. In order to prevent these precious buildings from further degradation, the weathering mechanisms of the stones must be thoroughly understood before suitable protection measures can be implemented. In this study, four techniques have been selected to detect chemical and physical differences between weathered and unweathered sandstones - Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS).

Lindsey, JC & Ryan, LM 2005, 'Survival Models: Methods for Interval-Censored Data' in Tutorials in Biostatistics, Statistical Methods in Clinical Studies, pp. 141-160.
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© 2004 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. All Rights Reserved. In standard time-to-event or survival analysis, occurrence times of the event of interest are observed exactly or are right-censored, meaning that it is only known that the event occurred after the last observation time. There are numerous methods available for estimating the survival curve and for testing and estimation of the effects of covariates in this context. In some situations, however, the times of the events of interest may only be known to have occurred within an interval of time. In clinical trials, for example, patients are often seen at pre-scheduled visits but the event of interest may occur in between visits. These data are interval-censored. Owing to the lack of well-known statistical methodology and available software, a common ad hoc approach is to assume that the event occurred at the end (or beginning or midpoint) of each interval, and then apply methods for standard time-to-event data. However, this approach can lead to invalid inferences, and in particular will tend to underestimate the standard errors of the estimated parameters. The purpose of this tutorial is to illustrate and compare available methods which correctly treat the data as being intervalcensored. It is not meant to be a full review of all existing methods, but only those which are available in standard statistical software, or which can be easily programmed. All approaches will be illustrated on two data sets and compared with methods which ignore the interval-censored nature of the data. We hope this tutorial will allow those familiar with the application of standard survival analysis techniques the option of applying appropriate methods when presented with interval-censored data.

Milthorpe, BK 2005, 'Protein adsorption to surfaces and interfaces' in Vadgama, P (ed), Surfaces and interfaces for biomaterials, Woodhead Publishing Limited, Great Britain, pp. 763-781.
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Ollendick, TH, King, NJ & Muris, P 2005, 'Phobias in Children and Adolescents: A Review' in Phobias, pp. 245-279.
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This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Clinical Picture and Differential Diagnosis Epidemiology Etiology Principles of Treatment Developing a Treatment Strategy Summary References This chapter also contains the following commentaries: Childhood Phobias: More Questions than Answers. Authored by Michael Rutter Fear, Anxieties and Treatment Efficacy in Children and Adolescents. Authored by Rachel G. Klein Where Are All the Fearful Children? Authored by Gabrielle A. Carlson and Deborah M. Weisbrot Etiology and Treatment of Childhood Phobias. Authored by Deborah C. Beidel and Autumn Paulson From Development Fears to Phobias. Authored by Sam Tyano and Miri Keren Assessment and Treatment of Phobic Disorders in Youth. Authored by John S. March Phobias: From Little Hans to a Bigger Picture. Authored by Gordon Parker Phobias in Childhood and Adolescence: Implications for Public Policy. Authored by E. Jane Costello Phobias in Children and Adolescents: Data from Brazil. Authored by Heloisa H.A. Brasil and Isabel A.S. Bordin Phobias: A View from the South Seas. Authored by John Scott Werry

Schulte, J 2005, 'Growth through Nanotechnology - Opportunities and Risks' in Schulte, DJ (ed), Nanotechnology - Global Strategies, Industry Trends and Applications, Wiley, New York, pp. 97-106.

Schulte, J 2005, 'Growth through Nanotechnology Opportunities and Risks' in Nanotechnology: Global Strategies, Industry Trends and Applications, pp. 96-105.
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Schulte, J 2005, 'Introduction: Movements in Nanotechnology' in Schulte, DJ (ed), Nanotechnology - Global Strategies, Industry Trends and Applications, Wiley & Sons, New York, pp. 1-4.

Stuart, BH 2005, 'Infrared Spectroscopy' in Seidel, A (ed), Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Vol. 14, 5th ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York, USA, pp. 224-243.
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Zinder, Y & Do, V 2005, 'Scheduling UET tasks on two parallel machines with the criteria of makespan and total completion time' in Kendall, G, Burke, E, Petrocic, S & Gendreau, M (eds), Multidisciplinary Scheduling: Theory and applications, Springer, USA, pp. 83-109.
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Two extensions of the classical scheduling model with two parallel identical machines and a partially ordered set of unit execution time tasks are considered. It is well known that the Coffman-Graham algorithm constructs for this model a so-called ideal schedule: that is, a schedule which is optimal for both makespan and total completion time criteria simultaneously. The question of the existence of such a schedule for the extension of this model, where each task has a release time, has remained open over seneral decades. The paper gives a positive answer to this question and presents the corresponding polynormal-time algorithm.Another straightforward generalisation of the considered classcial model is obtained by the introduction of multiprocessor tasks. It is shown that, despite the fact tha a slightly modified Coffman-Graham algorithm solves the makespan problem with multiprocessor tasks for arbirtary precedence constraints, generally an ideal schedule does not exist and the problem with the criterion of total completion time turns out to be NP-hard ithe strong sense even for in-trees.

Abraham, JH, Finn, PW, Milton, DK, Ryan, LM, Perkins, DL & Gold, DR 2005, 'Infant home endotoxin is associated with reduced allergen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation and IL-13 production in childhood', Journal Of Allergy And Clinical Immunology, vol. 116, no. 2, pp. 431-437.
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Background: Infant endotoxin exposure has been proposed as a factor that might protect against allergy and the early childhood immune responses that increase the risk of IgE production to allergens. Objective: Using a prospective study design, we tested the hypothesis that early-life endotoxin exposure is associated with allergen- and mitogen-induced cytokine production and proliferative responses of PBMCs isolated from infants with a parental history of physician-diagnosed asthma or allergy. Methods: We assessed household dust endotoxin at age 2 to 3 months and PBMC proliferative and cytokine responses to cockroach allergen (Bla g 2), dust mite allergen (Der f 1), cat allergen (Fel d 1), and the nonspecific mitogen PHA at age 2 to 3 years. Results: We found that increased endotoxin levels were associated with decreased IL-13 levels in response to cockroach, dust mite, and cat allergens, but not mitogen stimulation. Endotoxin levels were not correlated with allergen- or mitogen-induced IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, or IL-10. Increased endotoxin levels were associated with decreased lymphocyte proliferation after cockroach allergen stimulation. An inverse, although nonsignificant, association was also found between endotoxin and proliferation to the other tested stimuli. Conclusion: Increased early-life exposure to household endotoxin was associated with reduced allergen-induced production of the T(H)2 cytokine IL-13 and reduced lymphoproliferative responses at age 2 to 3 years in children at risk for allergy and asthma. Early-life endotoxin-related reduction of IL-13 production might represent one pathway through which increased endotoxin decreases the risk of allergic disease and allergy in later childhood.

Abraham, JH, Gold, DR, Dockery, DW, Ryan, LM, Park, J & Milton, DK 2005, 'Within-home versus between-home variability of house dust endotoxin in a birth cohort', Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. 113, no. 11, pp. 1516-1521.
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Endotoxin exposure has been proposed as an environmental determinant of allergen responses in children. To better understand the implications of using a single measurement of house dust endotoxin to characterize exposure in the first year of life, we evaluated room-specific within-home and between-home variability in dust endotoxin obtained from 470 households in Boston, Massachusetts. Homes were sampled up to two times over 511 months. We analyzed 1,287 dust samples from the kitchen, family room, and babys bedroom for endotoxin. We fit a mixed-effects model to estimate mean levels and the variation of endotoxin between homes, between rooms, and between sampling times. Endotoxin ranged from 2 to 1,945 units per milligram of dust. Levels were highest during summer and lowest in the winter. Mean endotoxin levels varied significantly from room to room. Cross-sectionally, endotoxin was moderately correlated between family room and bedroom floor (r = 0.30), between family room and kitchen (r = 0.32), and between kitchen and bedroom (r = 0.42). Adjusting for season, the correlation of endotoxin levels within homes over time was 0.65 for both the bedroom and kitchen and 0.54 for the family room. The temporal within-home variance of endotoxin was lowest for bedroom floor samples and highest for kitchen samples. Between-home variance was lowest in the family room and highest for kitchen samples. Adjusting for season, within-home variation was less than between-home variation for all three rooms. These results suggest that room-to-room and home-to-home differences in endotoxin influence the total variability more than factors affecting endotoxin levels within a room over time.

Ahn, J, Kim, YJ, Wang, G & Liu, HK 2005, 'Li storage properties of Ag and SnO2 nanopowders synthesised from reverse micelles', Journal of Metastable and Nanocrystalline Materials, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 1-7.
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Ag and SnO2 nanopowders were synthesized by reverse-micelle method. The reverse micelles were prepared to form tiny aqueous droplets dispersed in oil-based solvents. Two reverse micelles containing metallic salts and reductive agents were rigorously mixed to form nanoparticles inside aqueous droplets by a reductive reaction. The spherical powders of 20~50 nm were formed during the process. The resulting Ag and SnO2 nanopowders were examined as the anode electrode for lithium-ion cells. The reversible discharge capacity of the Ag and SnO2 nanopowders after 25 cycles were 315 and 380 mAh/g, respectively.

Ammit, AJ 2005, 'The role of mRNA stability in airway remodelling', PULMONARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 405-415.
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Andrew, CR, Kemper, LJ, Busche, TL, Tiwari, AM, Kecskes, MC, Stafford, JM, Croft, LC, Lu, S, Moenne-Loccoz, P, Huston, W, Moir, JWB & Eady, RR 2005, 'Accessibility of the distal heme face, rather than Fe-His bond strength, determines the heme-nitrosyl coordination number of cytochromes c: Evidence from spectroscopic studies', BIOCHEMISTRY, vol. 44, no. 24, pp. 8664-8672.
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Arnold, MD, Hodgkinson, IJ, Wu, QH & Blaikie, RJ 2005, 'Multi-axis retarder arrays by masked oblique deposition', Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 1398-1404.
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We report a technique for single-deposition production of arrays with differently oriented nano-structured elements, which we optimize for application to form-birefringent retarder arrays. The technique involves masking of oblique physical vapor deposition, manipulating the local availability of vapor angles to create spatially variant properties in the structured coating. We have designed a variety of retarder arrays using symmetry considerations, and constructed a selection based on suitability for spatially multiplexed complete-Stokes polarimetry. In particular, we emphasize square lattice designs with a two-by-two repeat unit, consisting of three retarders with azimuths at 0°, 45° and 90° and a zero-retardation element. The silicon retarder arrays were tested using visible-wavelength transmission techniques which confirm the success of the method. Finally, we discuss some considerations for application of the technique to microlithography, and we infer a lateral resolution limit related to the coating thickness.

Asatryan, AA, Botten, LC, Byrne, MA, Langtry, TN, Nicorovici, NA, McPhedran, RC, de Sterke, CM & Robinson, PA 2005, 'Conductance of photons in disordered photonic crystals', PHYSICAL REVIEW E, vol. 71, no. 3.
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Baladandayuthapani, V, Mallick, BK & Carroll, RJ 2005, 'Spatially adaptive Bayesian penalized regression splines (P-splines)', JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND GRAPHICAL STATISTICS, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 378-394.
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Barreiro, JT, Langford, NK, Peters, NA & Kwiat, PG 2005, 'Generation of hyperentangled photon pairs', PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, vol. 95, no. 26.
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Bauer, M, Carter, G, Dungan, JL, Foody, G, Gitelson, AA, Goetz, S, Huete, AR, Næsset, E, Peñuelas, J, Quattrochi, DA, Stehman, S, Thenkabail, P & Wigneron, JP 2005, 'Appointment of new editorial board members', Remote Sensing of Environment, vol. 95, no. 4, p. 413.
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Bellamy, SL, Li, Y, Lin, X & Ryan, LM 2005, 'Quantifying PQL bias in estimating cluster-level covariate effects in genearlized linear mixed models for group-randomized trials', Statistica Sinica, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 1015-1032.
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We derive the asymptotic bias and variance of the penalized quasilikelihood (PQL) estimator of the cluster-level covariate effect in generalized linear mixed models for group-randomized trials where the number of clusters n is small and the cluster size m is large. We show that the asymptotic bias is of order O-p(1/m) and the asymptotic variance is of order Op(1/n) + Op{1/(nm)}. The practical implication of our results is that the PQL method works well in settings involving small numbers of large clusters which are typical in grouped randomized trials. We illustrate the results using simulation studies.

Bengtson Nash, S, Schreiber, U, Ralph, PJ & Muller, JF 2005, 'The combined SPE: Tox Y-PAM phytotoxicity assay; application and appraisal of a novel Biomonitoring tool for the aquatic environment', Biosensors and Bioelectronics, vol. 20, no. 7, pp. 1443-1451.
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Mounting concerns regarding the environment impact of herbicides has meant a growing requirement for accurate, timely information regarding herbicide residue contamination of, in particular, aquatic systems. Conventional methods of detection remain limited in temrns of practicality due to high costs of oeration and the specialised information that analysis provides. A new phytotoxicity bioassay wa trialled for the detection of herbicide residues in filter-purified (Milli-Q) as sell as antural waters. The performance of the system, which combines solid-phase extraction (SPE) wtih the ToxY-PAM dual-channel yield annalyser (Heinz Walz GmbH), was tested alongside the traditional method of liquid chromatography-mass spectometry (LC-MS). The assay methodology was found to be highly sensitive (LOD 0.1 ngL-1 diuron) with good reproducibility. The study showed that the assay protocol is time effective and can be employed for the aquatic screening of herbicide residues in purified as well as natural waters.

Best, N & Green, P 2005, 'Structure and uncertainty: Graphical models for understanding complex data', Significance, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 177-181.
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Statistics is fundamental to making sense of the complexity of modern science. From the micro-level of the human genome to the macro-level of the universe, scientists need statistical models to help them extract meaning from empirical observations. Graphical models have been used across a wide variety of disciplines for building multivariate probabilistic models to represent, and draw inference about, complex phenomena. Nicky Best and Peter Green explain the ideas behind graphical models and show how they can be used to help tackle the challenges of complex statistical problems.

Bilic, A, Reimers, JR & Hush, N 2005, 'The Structure, Energetics, And Nature Of The Chemical Bonding Of Phenylthiol Adsorbed On The Au(111) Surface: Implications For Density-Functional Calculations Of Molecular-Electronic Conduction 1.1850455G', JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS, vol. 122, no. 9.
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Birinyi-Strachan, LC, Davies, MJ, Lewis, RJ & Nicholson, GM 2005, 'Neuroprotectant effects of iso-osmolar D-mannitol to prevent Pacific ciguatoxin-1 induced alterations in neuronal excitability: A comparison with other osmotic agents and free radical scavengers', Neuropharmacology, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 669-686.
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The basis for the neuroprotectant effect of D-mannitol in reducing the sensory neurological disturbances seen in ciguatera poisoning, is unclear. Pacific ciguatoxin-1 (P-CTX-1), at a concentration 10 nM, caused a statistically significant swelling of rat

Birinyi-Strachan, LC, Gunning, SJ, Lewis, RJ & Nicholson, GM 2005, 'Block of voltage-gated potassium channels by Pacific ciguatoxin-1 contributes to increased neuronal excitability in rat sensory neurons', Toxicology And Applied Pharmacology, vol. 204, no. 2, pp. 175-186.
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The present study investigated the actions of the polyether marine toxin Pacific ciguatoxin-1 (P-CTX-1) on neuronal excitability in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons using patch-clamp recording techniques. Under current-clamp conditions, bath applic

Black, JL, Ge, Q, Boustany, S, Johnson, PRA, Poniris, MH, Glanville, AR, Oliver, BGG, Moir, LM & Burgess, JK 2005, 'In vitro studies of lymphangioleiomyomatosis', EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 569-576.
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Bodas, J & Ollendick, TH 2005, 'Test anxiety: A cross-cultural perspective', Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 65-88.
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The present paper examines test anxiety from a cross-cultural perspective with specific reference to the Indian and American cultures. The construct of test anxiety has been examined in many cultures all over the world. In this review, the importance of understanding and incorporating contextual factors in cross-cultural research is emphasized. Moreover, some of the methodological issues related to investigating culture-behavior relationship are discussed. Specifically, the derived-etic approach for conducting cross-cultural research is espoused. Then, research findings from western, cross-cultural, and Indian studies on test anxiety are reviewed. Consistent with the individualistic orientation of the western society, much of the research in the western world has adopted a de-contextualized approach. Inasmuch as many of the cross-cultural and Indian studies on test anxiety have their roots in western research, they have ignored the cultural context as well. To address this void, contextual variables relevant to test anxiety in the Indian setting are examined and hypotheses regarding the nature of test anxiety in Indian children are proposed. Finally, a research agenda is presented to examine these hypotheses using a derived-etic approach. © 2005 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc.

Boissonneault, MF, Gladstone, W, Scott, P & Cushing, N 2005, 'Grey nurse shark human interactions and portrayals: a study of newspaper portrayals of the grey nurse shark from 1969-2003', Electronic green journal, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 1-15.
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The article presents information on a study that consists of a content analysis of 41 Australian newspaper articles pertaining specifically to the grey nurse shark and serves to deconstruct the explicit messages that they attempt to convey to their readers. The data generated by this study exemplify the perceptions of Carcharias taurus as represented by major Australian newspapers between the years 1969 and 2003. The term agenda-setting refers to the creation of public awareness and concern for issues that are reported by the news media. The fundamental basis for research on agenda-setting is to recognize that the media is not a reflection of reality but rather filters and shapes reality, and the focus that the media places on specific issues leads the public to perceive "those" issues as more important than others. In a 1997 study entitled "Changing Attitudes Toward California Cougars," Jennifer R. Wolch and Unna Lassiter of the University of Southern California along with Andrea Gullo of the Mountains Recreation and Conservation Authority in Los Angeles analyzed the impact that the newspaper media had on attitudes and understandings that the public had developed towards the California Cougar.

Bojko, KL, O'Leary, R, Lennard, CJ, Roux, CP & Reedy, BJ 2005, 'Forensic applications of infrared chemical imaging: Multi-layered paint chips', Journal Of Forensic Sciences, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 832-841.
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This paper examines the potential of infrared chemical (hyperspectral) imaging as a technique for the forensic analysis or automotive paint chips in particular, and multicomponent (e.g., layered) samples in general. Improved sample preparation procedures

Borovkov, K & Novikov, A 2005, 'Explicit bounds for approximation rates of boundary crossing probabilities for the Wiener process', Journal Of Applied Probability, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 82-92.
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We give explicit upper bounds for convergence rates when approximating both one- and two-sided general curvilinear boundary crossing probabilities for the Wiener process by similar probabilities for close boundaries of simpler form, for which computation

Bradley, D, Williams, G & Lawton, M 2005, 'Aluminium triflate: a remarkable Lewis acid catalyst for the ring opening of epoxides by alcohols', ORGANIC & BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY, vol. 3, no. 18, pp. 3269-3272.
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Brightling, CE, Ammit, AJ, Kaur, D, Black, JL, Wardlaw, AJ, Hughes, JM & Bradding, P 2005, 'The CXCL10/CXCR3 axis mediates human lung mast cell migration to asthmatic airway smooth muscle', AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE, vol. 171, no. 10, pp. 1103-1108.
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Burden, S, Guha, S, Morgan, G, Ryan, LM, Sparks, R & Young, L 2005, 'Spatio-temporal analysis of acute admissions for ischemic heart disease in NSW, Australia', Environmental and Ecological Statistics, vol. 12, pp. 427-448.
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The recently funded Spatial Environmental Epidemiology in New South Wales (SEE NSW) project aims to use routinely collected data in NSW Australia to investigate risk factors for various chronic diseases. In this paper, we present a case study focused on the relationship between social disadvantage and ischemic heart disease to highlight some of the methodological challenges that are likely to arise.

Burger, FJ, Dawson, M, Roux, CP, Maynard, PJ, Doble, PA & Kirkbride, KP 2005, 'Forensic analysis of condom and personal lubricants by capillary electrophoresis', Talanta, vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 368-376.
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Condoms may offer sexual assailants a simple and relatively effective means by which they may remove and dispose of the biological evidence of their contact with the victim. Without this valuable probative evidence, the investigator may need to turn to s

Butt, AJ, Dickson, KA, Jambazov, S & Baxter, RC 2005, 'Enhancement of tumor necrosis factor-α-induced growth inhibition by insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5), but not IGFBP-3 in human breast cancer cells', Endocrinology, vol. 146, no. 7, pp. 3113-3122.
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Expression of IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) and IGFBP-5 in human breast cancer cells induces apoptosis and is associated with modulations in Bcl-2 proteins, suggesting that these IGFBPs induce an intrinsic apoptotic pathway. In this study we demonstrate that although both IGFBPs induced the activation of caspase-8 and caspase-9, the expression of IGFBP-5, but not IGFBP-3, sensitized MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells to the inhibitory effects of TNFα. This sensitivity to TNFα was associated with a block in nuclear factor-κB-mediated cell survival signals. IGFBP-5 expression was also associated with a caspase-8-independent activation of Bid, increased levels of cytosolic second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (Smac)/direct inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) binding protein with low pI (DIABLO), and an enhanced phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, both basally and in response to TNFα. These results suggest that IGFBP-5 expression may influence extrinsic apoptotic pathways via a differential modulation of downstream cell survival and cell death pathways. Furthermore, although IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-5 share much structural and functional homology, they can modulate distinct apoptotic pathways in human breast cancer cells. Copyright © 2005 by The Endocrine Society.

Cai, Z & Reimers, JR 2005, 'First Singlet (N,Pi) Excited State Of Hydrogen-Bonded Complexes Between Water And Pyrimidine', Journal Of Physical Chemistry A, vol. 109, no. 8, pp. 1576-1586.
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Carroll, RJ 2005, 'Covariance analysis in generalized linear measurement error models (vol 8, pg 1075, 1989)', STATISTICS IN MEDICINE, vol. 24, no. 17, pp. 2746-2746.
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Carroll, RJ 2005, 'Statistical issues arising in the Women's Health Initiative - Discussion', BIOMETRICS, vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 911-912.
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Cavanagh-Steer, KL, Du Pasquier, E, Roux, CP & Lennard, CJ 2005, 'The transfer and persistence of petrol on car carpets', Forensic Science International, vol. 147, no. 1, pp. 71-79.
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The significance of the presence of petrol in motor vehicle fires has often been challenged due to the possibility of a natural occurrence of petrol residues inside the vehicle. Transfer and persistence studies were undertaken to investigate the potentia

Charpy-Roubaud, C & Larkum, AWD 2005, 'Dinitrogen fixation by exposed communities on the rim of Tikehau atoll (Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia)', Coral Reefs, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 622-628.
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Various types of sub-aerially exposed microbial mats, including emergent mats, beach sand, beach rock and Kopara mats, are widespread on the 78 km (25 km2) of rim surrounding the Tikehau atoll lagoon. These mats form laminated accretions or diffuse microbial communities growing under high insolation and temperatures, and are therefore subject to desiccation. Both heterocystous and non-heterocystous cyanobacteria occur in these mats. Using acetylene reduction techniques, nitrogenase activity was observed at all sites over a period of 5 years and was 3-17 times higher during daylight than at night in all communities except for beach rock. 15N2 measurements indicated a molar ratio of acetylene reduction to N2 fixed of 1.6 for all exposed communities. Estimated N2 fixation ranged from 1.44 to 8.0 mg N m-2 day-1 in these exposed communities (mean of 4.66 mg N m-2 day-1) with beachrock showing the highest rates. For the whole reef rim, daily N2 fixation amounted to 98.42 kg N day-1 which represents 28% of the rate of fixation in the entire lagoon (area 400 km2). © Springer-Verlag 2005.

Chatterjee, N & Carroll, RJ 2005, 'Serniparametric maximum likelihood estimation exploiting gene-environment independence in case-control studies', BIOMETRIKA, vol. 92, no. 2, pp. 399-418.
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Chatterjee, N, Kalaylioglu, Z & Carroll, RJ 2005, 'Exploiting gene-environment independence in family-based case-control studies: Increased power for detecting associations, interactions and joint effects', GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 138-156.
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Chaumet, PC, Rahmani, A & Nieto-Vesperinas, M 2005, 'Photonic force spectroscopy on metallic and absorbing nanoparticles', Physical Review B, vol. 71, no. 4, pp. 1-7.
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We present a detailed study of the optical trapping and manipulation of nanoparticles with complex permittivity using an apertureless near-field probe. We use a three-dimensional, self-consistent description of the electromagnetic scattering processes that accounts for retardation and the intricate many-body interaction between the substrate, the particle, and the probe. We analyze the influence of absorption on the optical force. For metals we describe how the optical force spectrum is influenced by the optical response of the metal, and in particular by plasmon resonances. We find that the optical force spectrum can provide an intrinsic signature of the particle composition which can be used to achieve a material-selective trapping and nanomanipulation.

Chen, C, Wang, X, Wang, L, Yang, F, Tang, G, Xing, H, Ryan, LM, Lasley, B, Overstreet, JW, Stanford, JB & Xu, X 2005, 'Effect of environmental tobacco smoke on levels of urinary hormone markers', Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. 113, no. 4, pp. 412-417.
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Our recent study showed a doseresponse relationship between environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and the risk of early pregnancy loss. Smoking is known to affect female reproductive hormones. We explored whether ETS affects reproductive hormone profiles as characterized by urinary pregnanediol-3-glucuronide (PdG) and estrone conjugate (E1C) levels. We prospectively studied 371 healthy newly married nonsmoking women in China who intended to conceive and had stopped contraception. Daily records of vaginal bleeding, active and passive cigarette smoking, and daily first-morning urine specimens were collected for up to 1 year or until a clinical pregnancy was achieved. We determined the day of ovulation for each menstrual cycle. The effects of ETS exposure on daily urinary PdG and E1C levels in a ±10 day window around the day of ovulation were analyzed for conception and nonconception cycles, respectively. Our analysis included 344 nonconception cycles and 329 conception cycles. In nonconception cycles, cycles with ETS exposure had significantly lower urinary E1C levels (ß= 0.43, SE = 0.08, p < 0.001 in log scale) compared with the cycles without ETS exposure. There was no significant difference in urinary PdG levels in cycles having ETS exposure (ß= 0.07, SE = 0.15, p = 0.637 in log scale) compared with no ETS exposure. Among conception cycles, there were no significant differences in E1C and PdG levels between ETS exposure and nonexposure. In conclusion, ETS exposure was associated with significantly lower urinary E1C levels among nonconception cycles, suggesting that the adverse reproductive effect of ETS may act partly through its antiestrogen effects.

Chen, H, Vlahos, R, Bozinovski, S, Jones, JE, Anderson, G & Margaret, JM 2005, 'Effect of short-term cigarette smoke exposure on body weight, appetite and brain neuropeptide Y in mice', Neuropsychopharmacology, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 713-719.
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Although nicotinic receptors have been demonstrated in hypothalamic appetite-regulating areas and nicotine administration alters food intake and body weight in both animals and humans, the mechanisms underlying the effects of smoking on appetite circuits remain unclear. Conflicting effects of nicotine on the major orexigenic peptide, neuropeptide Y (NPY), have been observed in the brain, but the effects of smoking are unknown. Thus, we aimed to investigate how cigarette smoking affects body weight, food intake, plasma leptin concentration, hypothalamic NPY peptide, adipose mass and mRNA expression of uncoupling proteins (UCP), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) a. Balb/C mice (8 weeks) were exposed to cigarette smoke (three cigarettes, three times a day for 4 consecutive days) or sham exposed. Body weight and food intake were recorded. Plasma leptin and brain NPY were measured by radioimmunoassay. UCPs and TNF a mRNA were measured by real-time PCR. Food intake dropped significantly from the first day of smoking, and weight loss became evident within 2 days. Brown fat and retroperitoneal white fat masses were significantly reduced, and plasma leptin concentration was decreased by 34%, in line with the decreased fat mass. NPY concentrations in hypothalamic subregions were similar between two groups. UCP1 mRNA was decreased in white fat and UCP3 mRNA increased in brown fat in smoking group. Short-term cigarette smoke exposure led to reduced body weight, food intake, and fat mass. The reduction in plasma leptin concentration may have been too modest to increase NPY production; alternatively, change in NPY or its function might have been offset by nicotine or other elements in cigarette smoke.

Chen, J, Christiani, DC & Ryan, LM 2005, 'Predicting exposure levels', Epidemiology, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 135-135.

Chen, M, Bibby, TS, Nield, J, Larkum, A & Barber, J 2005, 'Iron deficiency induces a chlorophyll d-binding Pcb antenna system around Photosystem I in Acaryochloris marina', Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Bioenergetics, vol. 1708, no. 3, pp. 367-374.
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The prochlorophyte-like cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina contains two pcb genes, pcbA and pcbC, which encode chlorophyll (Chl) d-binding antenna proteins PcbA and PcbC, respectively. Using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), it is shown that when Acaryochloris cells are grown in an iron-deficient medium, the transcription of the pcbC gene is up-regulated compared to that of pcbA. Biochemical and immunological analyses indicated that under the same iron-deficient conditions, the level of Photosystem I (PSI) decreased compared with that of Photosystem II (PSII). Electron microscopy revealed that concomitant with these changes was the formation of Pcb-PSI supercomplexes which, in their largest form, were composed of 18 Pcb subunits forming a ring around the trimeric PSI reaction centre core. Mass spectrometry indicated that the PcbC protein is the main constituent of this outer PSI antenna system. It is therefore concluded that in Acaryochloris, the PcbC protein forms an antenna for PSI when iron levels become limiting and in this way compensates for the drop in the level of PSI relative to PSII which occurs under these conditions. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Chen, M, Bibby, TS, Nield, J, Larkum, AWD & Barber, J 2005, 'Structure of a large photosystem II supercomplex from Acaryochloris marina', FEBS Letters, vol. 579, no. 5, pp. 1306-1310.
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Acaryochloris marina is a prochlorophyte-like cyanobacterium containing both phycobilins and chlorophyll d as light harvesting pigments. We show that the chlorophyll d light harvesting system, composed of Pcb proteins, functionally associates with the photosystem II (PSII) reaction center (RC) core to form a giant supercomplex. This supercomplex has a molecular mass of about 2300 kDa and dimensions of 385 Å x 240 Å. It is composed of two PSII-RC core dimers arranged end-to-end, flanked by eight symmetrically related Pcb proteins on each side. Thus each PSII-RC monomer has four Pcb subunits acting as a light harvesting system which increases the absorption cross section of the PSII-RC core by almost 200%. © 2005 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Chen, M, Eggink, LL, Hoober, JK & Larkum, AWD 2005, 'Influence of structure on bindinq of chlorophylls to peptide ligands', Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 127, no. 7, pp. 2052-2053.
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Four classes of chlorophyll (Chl), a, b, c, and d, are involved in photosynthesis within cyanobacteria, algae, and plants. These classes have different evolutionary origins, chemical properties, and biological functions. Our results demonstrate that peptide-bound ligands provided by the imidazole group of histidine and the charge-compensated glutamate-arginine ion pair readily form coordination bonds with Chls a and d but do not interact significantly with Chls b and c. These ligands are apparently not sufficiently strong Lewis bases to displace strongly coordinated water from Chls b and c. These differences determine specificity of binding of Chls in light-harvesting complexes and play an important role in assembly of stable Chl-protein complexes, which has had a profound impact on the evolution of photosynthetic organisms. Copyright © 2005 American Chemical Society.

Chen, M, Hiller, RG, Howe, CJ & Larkum, AWD 2005, 'Unique origin and lateral transfer of prokaryotic chlorophyll-b and chlorophyll-d light-harvesting systems', Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 21-28.
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pcb genes, encoding proteins binding light-harvesting chlorophylls, were cloned and sequenced from the Chl d-containing cyanobacterium, Acaryochloris marina, and the Chl b-containing cyanobacterium, Prochloron didemni. Both organisms contained two tandem pcb genes. Peptide fingerprinting confirmed the expression of one of the A. marina pcb genes. Phylogenetic tree reconstruction using distance-matrix and maximum-likelihood methods indicated a single origin of the pcb gene family, whether occurring in Chl b-containing or Chl d-containing organisms. This may indicate widespread lateral transfer of the Pcb protein-based light-harvesting system.

Chen, M, Telfer, A, Lin, S, Pascal, A, Larkum, AWD, Barber, J & Blankenship, RE 2005, 'The nature of the photosystem II reaction centre in the chlorophyll d-containing prokaryote, Acaryochloris marina', Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, vol. 4, no. 12, pp. 1060-1064.
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Pigment–protein complexes enriched in photosystem II (PS II) have been isolated from the chlorophyll (Chl) d containing cyanobacterium, Acaryochloris marina. A small PS II-enriched particle, we call ‘crude reaction centre’, contained 20 Chl d, 0.5 Chl a and 1 redox active cytochrome b-559 per 2 pheophytin a, plus the D1 and D2 proteins. A larger PS II-enriched particle, we call ‘core’, additionally bound the antenna complexes, CP47 and CP43, and had a higher chlorophyll per pheophytin ratio. Pheophytin a could be photoreduced in the presence of a strong reductant, indicating that it is the primary electron acceptor in photosystem II of A. marina. A substoichiometric amount of Chl a (less than one chlorophyll a per 2 pheophytin a) strongly suggests that Chl a does not have an essential role in the photochemistry of PS II in this organism. We conclude that PS II, in A. marina, utilizes Chl d and not Chl a as primary electron donor and that the primary electron acceptor is one of two molecules of pheophytin a. © 2005 The Royal Society of Chemistry and Owner Societies.

Chen, S, Helliwell, CA, Wu, LM, Dennis, ES, Upadhyaya, NM, Zhang, R, Waterhouse, PM & Wang, MB 2005, 'A novel T-DNA vector design for selection of transgenic lines with simple transgene integration and stable transgene expression', FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY, vol. 32, no. 8, pp. 671-681.
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Chiarella, C & Platen, E 2005, 'Special Issue: Introduction To Selected Proceedings From The Quantitative Methods In Finance 2004 Conference (QMF 2004)', Quantitative Finance, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 235-235.
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Choi, AH, Ben-Nissan, B & Conway, RM 2005, 'Three-dimensional modelling and finite element analysis of the human mandible during clenching', Australian Dental Journal, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 42-48.
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Background. Until recently, very few papers have been published concerning the development, analysis and experimental verification of three-dimensional, finite element modelling of the human adult edentulous mandible. The purpose of this study was to imp

Chowdhury, HA, Xu, X, Huynh, P & Cortie, MB 2005, 'Radiative heat transfer across glass coated with gold nano-particles', Journal Of Solar Energy Engineering-Transactions Of The ASME, vol. 127, no. 1, pp. 70-75.
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Solar glazing based on reflective or absorptive coatings of noble metals or dielectric compounds respectively is well-known. However the use of gold nano-particles in an absorptive role has hardly been considered. The performance of such coatings was ass

Christensen, MM & Platen, E 2005, 'A general benchmark model for stochastic jump sizes', Stochastic Analysis And Applications, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 1017-1044.
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Under few technical assumptions and allowing for the absence of an equivalent martingale measure, we show how to price and hedge in a sequence of incomplete markets driven by Wiener noise and a marked point process. We investigate the structure of market

Cole, JN, Ramirez, RD, Currie, BJ, Cordwell, SJ, Djordjevic, SP & Walker, M 2005, 'Surface analyses and immune reactivities of major cell wall-associated proteins of group A streptococcus', Infection And Immunity, vol. 73, no. 5, pp. 3137-3146.
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A proteomic analysis was undertaken to identify cell wall-associated proteins of Streptococcus pyogenes. Seventy-four distinct cell wall-associated proteins were identified, 66 of which were novel. Thirty-three proteins were immunoreactive with pooled S. pyogenes-reactive human antisera. Biotinylation of the GAS cell surface identified 23 cell wall-associated proteins that are surface exposed.

Combes, V, Brian De Souza, J, Rénia, L, Hunt, NH & Grau, GE 2005, 'Cerebral malaria: Which parasite? Which model?', Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 141-147.
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Cerebral malaria (CM) is a complex condition whose pathogenesis is still poorly understood. Our current knowledge is based on input from clinical, autopsy and genetic studies and from research in model systems, particularly in mice, which are well characterised in terms of histopathology, gene deficiencies and immune response pathways. This short review outlines several in vivo and in vitro models that are highly appropriate for interdisciplinary approaches for the investigation of CM pathogenesis. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Combes, V, Coltel, N, Alibert, M, van Eck, M, Raymond, C, Juhan-Vague, I, Grau, GE & Chimini, G 2005, 'ABCA1 gene deletion protects against cerebral malaria - Potential pathogenic role of microparticles in neuropathology', AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY, vol. 166, no. 1, pp. 295-302.
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Connan, H, Klimesch, DS, Ray, AS & Thomas, P 2005, 'Autoclaved OPC-quartz blends incorporating clay-brick waste. Part I: factorial design effects on strength development', Advances In Cement Research, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 133-141.
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The utilisation of waste materials in the manufacturing of building products is of global interest due to technological and socio-economic benefits. For example, alumina-silica-rich industrial waste, such as fired clay brick, is available in large quanti

Cortie, MB, Kerr, J, Nana, S & Knight, DS 2005, 'Experimental processing of FeCr sigma-phase powders', Materials Forum, vol. 29, pp. 262-267.
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Ultra-ferritic Fe-35 to 40%Cr stainless steel may be completely converted to sigma phase by thermo-mechanical processing at temperatures in the range 600 to 900°C. The resultant intermetallic compound is brittle and readily milled to powder by conventional techniques. In this form it can be processed and shaped like a ceramic powder. The green component can then be converted back into metallic form by an appropriate heat treatment that raises the temperature above that at which sigma phase is stable, causing the material to revert to the ferritic structure. Under appropriate conditions, sintering and consolidation of the compact can be arranged to occur at this time. The sintering treatment must be followed by a fast cool to room temperature in order to prevent reversion to sigma phase. Prototype components have been produced by powder metallurgy and thermal spraying, and the concept has been extended to the production of simple shapes by laser-based rapid-prototyping. © Institute of Materials Engineering Australasia Ltd.

Cortie, MB, Maaroof, AI & Smith, G 2005, 'Electrochemical capacitance of mesoporous gold', Gold Bulletin, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 14-22.
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The surfaces of nanoscale gold particles and components are oxide-free under normal ambient conditions. This unusual attribute permits the exploration of microstructures and functionalities that would not be feasible for less noble metals. Here we consider the electrochemical properties of mesoporous gold sponges, prepared by de-alloying an AuAl2_precursor. The sponges have a high specific surface area, with an average pore diameter of 12_nm, but are prone to sinter. They may be prepared in bulk, or, more usefully, as coatings. Their electrochemical capacitance divided by their nominal surface area is high and, at a cell voltage of 0.6_V, reaches 100_mF/cm2 for bulk samples and 2_mF/cm2 for coatings. This is up to a thousand times greater than the 50_to 100_?F/cm2 exhibited by a planar gold surface.

Cortie, MB, Zareie, HM, Ekanayake, SR & Ford, M 2005, 'Conduction, storage, and leakage in particle-on-SAM nanocapacitors', IEEE Transactions On Nanotechnology, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 406-414.
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Individual gold nanoparticles exhibit discrete capacitances of the order of 1 aF, and they can be tethered to a conductive substrate using a bi-functional monolayer of a suitable organic molecule. However the conduction, retention and leakage of charge b

Courtenay, GC, Gladstone, W & Schreider, M 2005, 'Assessing the reponse of estuarine intertidal assemblages to urbanised catchment discharge', Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, vol. 107, no. 1-3, pp. 375-398.
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Measurement of intertidal rock assemblages was investigated as a potential biological indicator to provide a quantitative estimate of the impact of urbanised catchment discharge on the estuaries of Sydney, Australia, from 1995 to 1999. Based on the presence and characteristics of adjacent human activities, sampling locations were categorised as: Bush; Urban; Urban with Sewer Overflows; and Industry with Sewer Overflows. In Sydney Harbour, variation in assemblage structure was measured between most impact categories, however differences between impact categories were not consistent for each year. Nevertheless, in years of above average rainfall (19981999), reference assemblages adjacent to national parks and distant from urbanisation were different to all other putatively impacted assemblages.

Coyne, K, Handy, S, Demir, E, Whereat, E, Hutchins, DA, Portune, K, Doblin, MA & Cary, S 2005, 'Improved quantitative real-time PCR assays for enumeration of harmful algal species in field samples using an exogenous DNA reference standard', Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, vol. 3, pp. 381-391.
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Quantitative real-time PCR (QPCR) is a powerful and sensitive method for quantitative detection of microorganisms. Application of this methodology for enumeration of harmful algal bloom (HAB) species has the potential to revolutionize our approach to HAB research, making it possible to identify correlations between cell abundances and factors that regulate bloom dynamics. Its application to ecological studies, however, has produced mixed results. QPCR assays typically rely of the generation of standard curves from plasmids or laboratory cultures that may be unrealistic whencompared to amplification of DNA extracted from field samples. In addition, existing methods often fail to incorporate controls to assess variability in extraction and amplification efficiencies,or include controls that are sequence-specific and preclude the investigation of multiple species. Here, we describe the development and rigorous analysis of QPCR awways for two HAB species, Chattonella subsala and Heterosigma akashiwo, in which we introduce a known concentration of exogenous DNA plasmid into the extraction buffer as a refernce standard. Since the target DNA is extracted in the presence of the reference standard, inherent variability in extraction and amplification efficiencies affect both target and standard equally. Furthermore, the reference standard is application to QPCR analysis of any microbial species. Using environmental bloom samples as calibrators, we evaluated the accuracy of the comparative Ct method for enumeration of target species in several field smaples, Out investigation demonstrates that the comparative Ct method with an exogenous DNA reference standard provides both accurate and reproducible quantification of HAB species in environmental samples.

Crainiceanu, CM, Ruppert, D & Wand, M 2005, 'Bayesian analysis for penalized spline regression using WinBUGS', Journal of Statistical Software, vol. 14, no. 14.
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Penalized splines can be viewed as BLUPs in a mixed model framework, which allows the use of mixed model software for smoothing. Thus, software originally developed for Bayesian analysis of mixed models can be used for penalized spline regression. Bayesian inference for nonparametric models enjoys the flexibility of nonparametric models and the exact inference provided by the Bayesian inferential machinery. This paper provides a simple, yet comprehensive, set of programs for the implementation of nonparametric Bayesian analysis in WinBUGS. Good mixing properties of the MCMC chains are obtained by using low-rank thin-plate splines, while simulation times per iteration are reduced employing WinBUGS specific computational tricks.

Crainiceanu, CM, Ruppert, D, Claeskens, G & Wand, M 2005, 'Exact likelihood ratio tests for penalised splines', Biometrika, vol. 92, no. 1, pp. 91-103.
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Penalised-spline-based additive models allow a simple mixed model representation where the variance components control departures from linear models. The smoothing parameter is the ratio of the random-coefficient and error variances and tests for linear regression reduce to tests for zero random-coefficient variances. We propose exactlikelihood and restricted likelihood ratio tests for testing polynomial regression versus a general alternative modelled by penalised splines. Their spectral decompositions are used as the basis of fast simulation algorithms. We derive the asymptotic local power properties of the tests under weak conditions. In particular we characterise the local alternatives that are detected with asymptotic probability one. Confidence intervals for the smoothing parameter are obtained by inverting the tests for a fixed smoothing parameter versus a general alternative. We discuss F and R tests and show that ignoring the variability in the smoothing parameter estimator can have a dramatic effect on their null distributions. The powers of several known tests are investigated and a small set of tests with good power properties is identified. The restricted likelihood ratio test is among the best in terms of power

Dahia, PLM, Ross, KN, Wright, ME, Hayashida, CY, Santagata, S, Barontini, M, Kung, AL, Sanso, G, Powers, JF, Tischler, AS, Hodin, R, Heitritter, S, Moore, F, Dluhy, R, Sosa, JA, Ocal, IT, Benn, DE, Marsh, DJ, Robinson, BG, Schneider, K, Garber, J, Arum, SM, Korbonits, M, Grossman, A, Pigny, P, Toledo, SPA, Nose, V, Li, C & Stiles, CD 2005, 'A HIF1 alpha regulatory loop links hypoxia and mitochondrial signals in pheochromocytomas', PLOS GENETICS, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 72-80.
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Dahlbom, M & Reimers, JR 2005, 'Successes And Failures Of Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory For The Low-Lying Excited States Of Chlorophylls', Molecular Physics, vol. 103, no. 6-Aug, pp. 1057-1065.
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Dang, L, Seale, JP & Qu, X 2005, 'High glucose-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell hyperpermeability is dependent on protein kinase C activation and independent of the Ca2+-nitric oxide signalling pathway', Clinical And Experimental Pharmacology And Physiology, vol. 32, no. 9, pp. 771-776.
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1. Endothelial barrier dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications. The precise molecular mechanisms by which hyperglycaemia causes the increased permeability in endothelial cells are not yet well understood. I

De Silva, L, Hodgkinson, IJ, Murray, P, Wu, QH, Arnold, MD, Leader, J & McNaughton, A 2005, 'Natural and nanoengineered chiral reflectors: Structural color of manuka beetles and titania coatings', Electromagnetics, vol. 25, no. 5, pp. 391-408.
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A parallel study of natural and nanoengineered structurally chiral reflecting coatings is described. It is shown that the nanostructures are different in a minor way but are optically equivalent. Refractive index matching of nanoengineered chiral coatings on a plane substrate is shown to improve the saturation of structural color. Optical and electron microscopies reveal complexity in the multilayered chiral coatings that produce green metallic-like reflections from manuka (scarab) beetles. In particular, the reflectors are shown to have the form of small concave pits and troughs that are filled with contouring chiral material. Each chiral microreflector presents a range of pitch and tilt to an incident beam of light. Physical properties of the textured coatings are related to optical properties such as spectral reflectance, angle of spread, and perceived color, which has a high degree of saturation due to the filling of the pits. Observations of overlapping chiral mediums in beetle reflectors have inspired nanoengineering of related handed media such as Bragg reflectors for elliptically polarized light.

Delessert, C, Kazan, K, Wilson, IW, Van Der Straeten, D, Manners, J, Dennis, ES & Dolferus, R 2005, 'The transcription factor ATAF2 represses the expression of pathogenesis-related genes in Arabidopsis', PLANT JOURNAL, vol. 43, no. 5, pp. 745-757.
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Ding, XZ, Bhattacharjee, A, Nikolich, MP, Paulsen, IT, Myers, G, Seshadri, R & Hoover, DL 2005, 'Cloning, expression, and purification of Brucella suis outer membrane proteins', PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND PURIFICATION, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 134-141.
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Donnelly, SM, O'Neill, S, Sekiya, M, Mulcahy, G & Dalton, JP 2005, 'Thioredoxin peroxidase secreted by Fasciola hepatica induces the alternative activation of macrophages', Infection And Immunity, vol. 73, no. 1, pp. 166-173.
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Alternatively activated macrophages (AAMphi) are primarily associated with the chronic stages of parasitic infections and the development of a polarized Th2 response. We have shown that Fasciola hepatica infection of BALB/c mice induces a polarized Th2 r

Dooley, A & Quas, A 2005, 'Approximate transitivity for zero-entropy systems', ERGODIC THEORY AND DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS, vol. 25, pp. 443-453.
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Drake, L, Meyer, A, Forsberg, R, Baier, R, Doblin, MA, Heinemann, SH, Johnson, W, Koch, M, Roblee, P & Dobbs, FC 2005, 'Potential invasion of microorganisms and pathogens via 'interior hull fouling': biofilms inside ballast water tanks', Biological Invasions, vol. 7, pp. 969-982.
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Surfaces submerged in an aquatic milieu are covered to some degree with biofilms - organic matrices that can contain bacteria, microalgae, and protozoans, sometimes including disease-causing forms. One unquantified risk of aquatic biological invatsions is the potential for biofilms within ships' ballast water tanks to harbour pathogens, and, in tuen, seed othe waters. To begin to evaluate this vector, we collected biofilm samples fromtanks' surfaces and deployed controlled-surface sampling units within tanks. We then measured a variety of microbial metrics within the biofilms to test the hypotheses that pathogens are present in biofilms and that biofilms have higher microbial densities compared to ballst water. Field experiments and sampling of coastwise and oceangoing ships arriving at ports in Chesapeake Bay and the North American Great Lakes showed the presence of abundant microorganisms, including pathogens, in biofilms. These results suggest that ballast-tank biofilms represent an additional risk of microbial invasion, provided they release cells into the water or they are sloughed off during normal ballasting operations.

Drozdowicz-Tomsia, K, Goldys, EM, Motlan, M, Zareie, HM & Phillips, M 2005, 'Growth-temperature-dependent cathodoluminescence properties of GaSb/GaAs quantum-dot multilayer structures', Applied Physics Letters, vol. 86, no. 17, pp. 1-3.
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Multilayer GaSb/GaAs quantum-dot (QD) structures grown by atmospheric-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on semi-insulating GaAs (100) substrates with varying growth temperature of the confinement layers are studied by the cathodoluminescenc

Duggin, IG, Matthews, JM, Dixon, NE, Wake, RG & Mackay, JP 2005, 'A Complex Mechanism Determines Polarity of DNA Replication Fork Arrest by the Replication Terminator Complex of Bacillus subtilis', Journal Of Biological Chemistry, vol. 280, no. 13, pp. 13105-13113.
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Two dimers of the replication terminator protein (RTP) of Bacillus subtilis bind to a chromosomal DNA terminator site to effect polar replication fork arrest. Cooperative binding of the dimers to overlapping half-sites within the terminator is essential for arrest. It was suggested previously that polarity of fork arrest is the result of the RTP dimer at the blocking (proximal) side within the complex binding very tightly and the permissive-side RTP dimer binding relatively weakly. In order to investigate this differential binding affinity model, we have constructed a series of mutant terminators that contain half-sites of widely different RTP binding affinities in various combinations. Although there appeared to be a correlation between binding affinity at the proximal half-site and fork arrest efficiency in vivo for some terminators, several deviated significantly from this correlation. Some terminators exhibited greatly reduced binding cooperativity (and therefore have reduced affinity at each half-site) but were highly efficient in fork arrest, whereas one terminator had normal affinity over the proximal half-site, yet had low fork arrest efficiency. The results show clearly that there is no direct correlation between the RTP binding affinity (either within the full complex or at the proximal half-site within the full complex) and the efficiency of replication fork arrest in vivo. Thus, the differential binding affinity over the proximal and distal half-sites cannot be solely responsible for functional polarity of fork arrest. Furthermore, efficient fork arrest relies on features in addition to the tight binding of RTP to terminator DNA

Durban, M, Harezlak, J, Wand, M & Carroll, RJ 2005, 'Simple fitting of subject-specific curves for longitudinal data', Statistics in Medicine, vol. 24, no. 8, pp. 1153-1167.
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We present a simple semiparametric model for tting subject-specic curves for longitudinal data. Individual curves are modelled as penalized splines with random coecients. This model has a mixed model representation, and it is easily implemented in standard statistical software. We conduct an analysis of the long-term eect of radiation therapy on the height of children suering from acute lymphoblastic leukaemia using penalized splines in the framework of semiparametric mixed eects models. The analysis revealed signicant dierences between therapies and showed that the growth rate of girls in the study cannot be fully explained by the group-average curve and that individual curves are necessary to reect the individual response to treatment. We also show how to implement these models in S-PLUS and R in the appendi

Duty, SM, Calafat, AM, Silva, MJ, Ryan, LM & Hauser, R 2005, 'Phthalate exposure and reproductive hormones in adult men', Human Reproduction, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 604-610.
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BACKGROUND: Phthalates are used in personal and consumer products, food packaging materials, and polyvinyl chloride plastics and have been measured in the majority of the general population of the USA. Consistent experimental evidence shows that some phthalates are developmental and reproductive toxicants in animals. This study explored the association between environmental levels of phthalates and altered reproductive hormone levels in adult men. METHODS: Between 1999 and 2003, 295 men were recruited from Massachusetts General Hospital. Selected phthalate metabolites were measured in urine. Linear regression models explored the relationship between specific gravity-adjusted urinary phthalate monoester concentrations and serum levels of reproductive hormones, including FSH, LH, sex hormone-binding globulin, testosterone, and inhibin B. RESULTS: An interquartile range (IQR) change in monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) exposure was significantly associated with a 10% [95% confidence interval (CI): -16, -4.0] decrease in FSH concentration. Additionally, an IQR change in monobutyl phthalate (MBP) exposure was associated with a 4.8% (95% CI: 0, 10) increase in inhibin B but this was of borderline significance. CONCLUSIONS: Although we found associations between MBP and MBzP urinary concentrations and altered levels of inhibin B and FSH, the hormone concentrations did not change in the expected patterns. Therefore, it is unclear whether these associations represent physiologically relevant alterations in these hormones, or whether they represent associations found as a result of conducting multiple comparisons.

Eamus, D, Macinnis-Ng, CM, Hose, GC, Zeppel, MJ, Taylor, DT & Murray, B 2005, 'Ecosystem services: an ecophysiological examination', Australian Journal Of Botany, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 1-19.
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This review aims to discuss ecosystem services, provide illustrative case studies at catchment and local scales and present future research needs. This review discusses the following: ( 1) Ecosystem services (ES) are those goods and services that are pro

Elder, M 2005, 'A context-free and a 1-counter geodesic language for a Baumslag-Solitar group', Theoretical Computer Science, vol. 339, pp. 344-371.
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Elder, M 2005, 'Regular geodesic languages and the falsification by fellow traveler property', Algebraic & Geometric Topology, vol. 5, pp. 129-134.
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Elder, M & Hermiller, S 2005, 'Minimal almost convexity', Journal of Group Theory, vol. 8, pp. 239-266.
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Ellis, JT & Morrison, DJ 2005, 'Application of bioinformatics to parasitology', International Journal For Parasitology, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 463-464.

Esseiva, P, Anglada, F, Dujourdy, L, Taroni, F, Margot, P, Du Pasquier, E, Dawson, M, Roux, CP & Doble, PA 2005, 'Chemical profiling and classification of illicit heroin by principal component analysis, calculation of inter sample correlation and artificial neural networks', Talanta, vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 360-367.
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Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were utilised to validate illicit drug classification in the profiling method used at Institut de Police Scientifique of the University of Lausanne (IPS). This method established links between samples using a combination

Evans, LA, McCutcheon, A, Dennis, GR, Mulley, RC & Wilson, MA 2005, 'Pore size analysis of fallow deer (Dama dama) antler bone', Journal Of Materials Science, vol. 40, no. 21, pp. 5733-5739.
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Deer antler is of interest to material scientists because it represents bone which can withstand applied stresses of over 300 MPa. In this work we demonstrate the presence of nanopores in this material by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, an

Fagerlind, MG, Nilsson, P, Harlen, M, Karlsson, S, Rice, SA & Kjelleberg, S 2005, 'Modeling the effect of acylated homoserine lactone antagonists in Pseudomonas aeruginosa', BIOSYSTEMS, vol. 80, no. 2, pp. 201-213.
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Fernando, SL, Saunders, BM, Sluyter, R, Skarratt, KK, Wiley, JS & Britton, WJ 2005, 'Gene dosage determines the negative effects of polymorphic alleles of the P2X(7) receptor on adenosine triphosphate-mediated killing of mycobacteria by human macrophages', JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, vol. 192, no. 1, pp. 149-155.
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Finnegan, EJ, Kovac, KA, Jaligot, E, Sheldon, CC, Peacock, WJ & Dennis, ES 2005, 'The downregulation of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) expression in plants with low levels of DNA methylation and by vernalization occurs by distinct mechanisms', PLANT JOURNAL, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 420-432.
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Forbes, SL, Dent, BB & Stuart, BH 2005, 'The effect of soil type on adipocere formation', Forensic Science International, vol. 154, no. 1, pp. 35-43.
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Adipocere refers to a postmortem product which forms from body fat in the later stages of decomposition. Factors present in the surrounding decomposition environment will influence adipocere formation and may accelerate or retard the process of conversio

Forbes, SL, Stuart, BH & Dent, BB 2005, 'The effect of the burial environment on adipocere formation', Forensic Science International, vol. 154, no. 1, pp. 24-34.
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Adipocere is a decomposition product comprising predominantly of saturated fatty acids which results from the hydrolysis and hydrogenation of neutral fats in the body. Adipocere formation may occur in various decomposition environments but is chiefly dep

Forbes, SL, Stuart, BH & Dent, BB 2005, 'The effect of the method of burial on adipocere formation', Forensic Science International, vol. 154, no. 1, pp. 44-52.
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A controlled laboratory experiment was conducted in order to investigate the effect of the method of burial (i.e. the presence of coffin and clothing) on the formation of adipocere. This study follows previous studies by the authors who have investigated

Forbes, SL, Stuart, BH, Dent, BB & Fenwick-Mulcahy, S 2005, 'Characterization of adipocere formation in animal species', Journal Of Forensic Sciences, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 633-640.
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Adipocere is a soft white substance formed postmortem from fatty tissue in a decomposing body. In this preliminary study the formation of adipocere in soil was investigated for a number of animal species. Adipocere was formed from the fatty tissue of pig

Ford, M, Hoft, RC & McDonagh, AM 2005, 'Theoretical study of ethynylbenzene adsorption on Au(111) and implications for a new class of self-assembled monolayer', Journal Of Physical Chemistry B, vol. 109, no. 43, pp. 20387-20392.
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Density functional calculations of the adsorption of ethynylbenzene on the Au(I 11) surface show that, after cleavage of the C-H bond, the terminal carbon makes a strong covalent bond to the surface. The bond energy is shown to be about 70 kcal(.)mol(-1)

Freedman, LS, Midthune, D, Carroll, RJ, Krebs-Smith, S, Subar, AF, Troiano, RP, Dodd, K, Schatzkin, A, Bingham, SA, Ferrari, P & Kipnis, V 2005, 'Erratum: Adjustments to improve the estimation of usual dietary intake distributions in the population (Journal of Nutrition (2004) 134 (1836-1843))', Journal of Nutrition, vol. 135, no. 6, p. 1524.

Fu, LJ, Liu, H, Li, C, Wu, YP, Rahm, E, Holze, R & Wu, HQ 2005, 'Electrode materials for lithium secondary batteries prepared by sol-gel methods', Progress in Materials Science, vol. 50, no. 7, pp. 881-928.
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Since the commercialization of lithium secondary batteries in the early of 1990s, their development has been rapid. Nowadays, improving the preparation technology and electrochemical performance of their electrode materials is a major focus in research and development of the materials, power sources and chemistry. Sol-gel methods are a promising way to prepare electrode materials due to their evident advantages over traditional methods, for example, homogeneous mixing at the atomic or molecular level, lower synthesis temperature, shorter beating time, better crystallinity, uniform particle distribution and smaller particle size at nanometer level. In this paper, latest progress in the preparation of electrode materials by sol-gel methods is reviewed, including cathodic ones, e.g., lithium cobalt oxides, lithium nickel oxides, spinel and layered lithium manganese oxides, vanadium oxides and ferrous phosphates, and anodic ones, e.g., tin oxides and titanium oxides. Compared with those prepared by traditional solid-state reaction, the structure stability of the prepared electrode materials and the behavior of lithium intercalation and de-intercalation are much improved. As a result, the prepared products provide better electrochemical performance including reversible capacity, cycling behavior and rate capability. In addition, sol-gel methods can be used to prepare new kinds of electrode materials such as nanowires of LiCoO2 and nanotubes of V2O5, which cannot be easily created by the traditional methods. Further development and application of sol-gel methods will bring about new and better electrode materials, meaning a great promotion to lithium secondary batteries.

Fu, WJJ, Carroll, RJ & Wang, SJ 2005, 'Estimating misclassification error with small samples via bootstrap cross-validation', BIOINFORMATICS, vol. 21, no. 9, pp. 1979-1986.
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Fu, WJJ, Dougherty, ER, Mallick, B & Carroll, RJ 2005, 'How many samples are needed to build a classifier: a general sequential approach', BIOINFORMATICS, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 63-70.
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Fu, WJJ, Haynes, TE, Kohli, R, Hu, JB, Shi, WJ, Spencer, TE, Carroll, RJ, Meininger, CJ & Wu, GY 2005, 'Dietary L-arginine supplementation reduces fat mass in Zucker diabetic fatty rats', JOURNAL OF NUTRITION, vol. 135, no. 4, pp. 714-721.

Fujii, M, Omaki, N, Tahara, M, Sakagami, I, Poulton, CG, Freude, W & Russer, P 2005, 'Optimization of nonlinear dispersive APML ABC for the FDTD analysis of optical solitons', IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 448-454.
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We have investigated the parameter optimization for the nonlinear dispersive anisotropic perfectly matched layer (A-PML) absorbing boundary conditions (ABCs) for the two- and the three-dimensional (2D and 3D) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) analyses of optical soliton propagation. The proposed PML is applied to the FDTD method of the standard and the high-spatial-order schemes. We first searched for the optimum values of the loss factor, permittivity, and the order of polynomial grading for particular numbers of APML layers in a two-dimensional (2-D) setting with Kerr and the Raman nonlinearity and Lorentz dispersion, and then we applied the optimized APML to a full three-dimensional (3-D) analysis of nonlinear optical pulse propagation in a glass substrate. An optical pulse of spatial and temporal soliton profile has been launched with sufficient intensity of electric field to yield a soliton pulse, and a reflection of -60dB has been typically obtained both for the 2-D and the 3-D cases.

Ganguli, B, Staudenmayer, J & Wand, M 2005, 'Additive models with predictors subject to measurement error', Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 193-202.
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This paper develops a likelihood-based method for fitting additive models in the presence of measurement error. It formulates the additive model using the linear mixed model representation of penalized splines. In the presence of a structural measurement error model, the resulting likelihood involves intractable integrals, and a Monte Carlo expectation maximization strategy is developed for obtaining estimates. The method's performance is illustrated with a simulation study.

Gasanov, U, Hughes, D & Hansbro, PM 2005, 'Methods for the isolation and identification of Listeria spp. and Listeria monocytogenes: a review', FEMS MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 851-875.
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Gilchrist, A, Langford, NK & Nielsen, MA 2005, 'Distance measures to compare real and ideal quantum processes', PHYSICAL REVIEW A, vol. 71, no. 6.
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Gladstone, W & Alexander, T 2005, 'A test of the higher-taxon approach in the identification of candidate sites for marine reserves', Biodiversity and conservation, vol. 14, no. 13, pp. 3151-3168.
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Alternatives to species-level identification have been advocated as one solution to the problem of selecting marine reserves with limited information on the distribution of marine biodiversity.This study evaluated the effects on selection of candidate sites for marine reserves from using the higher-taxon approach as a surrogate for species-level identification of intertidal molluscs and rocky reef fishes. These effects were evaluated by determining the percentage of species included in candidate reserves identified from genus-, family- and order-level data by a complementarity-based reserve selection algorithm, and by testing for correlations between the irreplaceability values of locations. Candidate reserves identified from genus- and family-level data of intertidal molluscs included a similar percentage of all species as the reserves identified from species-level data. Candidate reserves selected from genus- and family-level data of rocky reef fishes included, respectively, 37% and 1423% fewer species than reserves selected from species-level data.

Gob, WK, Rice, SA & Kumar, N 2005, 'Theoretical study of molecular determinants involved in signal binding to the TraR protein of Agrobacterium tumefaciens', MOLECULES, vol. 10, no. 10, pp. 1263-1271.
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Godlewski, M, Ivanov, V, Lusakowska, E, Bozek, R, Miasojedovas, S, Jursenas, S, Kazlauskas, K, Zukauskas, A, Goldys, EM, Phillips, M, Bottcher, T, Figge, S & Hommel, D 2005, 'Influence of n-type doping on light emission properties of GaN layers and GaN-based quantum well structures', Physica Status Solidi C, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 1056-1059.
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Effects of n-type doping of GaN epilayers and InGaN quantum well structures are studied. We evaluate the influence of n-type doping on a structural quality of the samples (using atomic force and scanning electron microscopy), on light emission intensity and on in-plane emission intensity variations. Possible mechanisms responsible for strong enhancement of light emission from doped samples are discussed.

Godlewski, M, Phillips, M, Czernecki, R, Targowski, G, Perlin, P, Leszczynski, M, Figge, S & Hommel, D 2005, 'Light emission properties of GaN-based laser diode structures', ACTA Physica Polonica, vol. 108, no. 4, pp. 675-680.
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Cathodoluminescence is applied for evaluation of in-depth and in-plane variations of light emission from two types of GaN-based laser diode structures. We evaluate in-depth properties of the laser diode emission and demonstrate that potential fluctuations still affect emission of laser diodes for e-beam currents above thresholds for a stimulated emission.

Godlewski, M, Yatsunenko, S, Drozdowicz-Tomsia, K, Goldys, EM, Phillips, M, Klar, PJ & Heimbrodt, W 2005, 'Dynamics of light emission in CdMnS nanoparticles', ACTA Physica Polonica, vol. 108, no. 4, pp. 681-688.
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We demonstrate coexistence of slow and fast components of photoluminescence decay of the Mn²^(+) intra-shell emission in nanoparticles of CdMnS. We explain the observed decrease in PL lifetime of the Mn²^(+) intra-shell transition by high efficiency of spin dependent magnetic interactions between localized spins of Mn²^(+) ions and free carriers. This mechanism is enhanced in nanostructures, but it is also present in bulk samples.

Godlewski, M, Yatsunenko, S, Ivanov, V, Khachapuridze, A, Swiatek, K, Goldys, EM, Phillips, M, Klar, PJ & Heimbrodt, W 2005, 'Origin of ultrafast component of photoluminescence decay in nanostructures dopes with transition metal or rare-earth ions', ACTA Physica Polonica, vol. 107, no. 1, pp. 65-74.
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NA

Greenlees, MJ, Webb, JK & Shine, R 2005, 'Led by the blind: bandy-bandy snakes Vermicella annulata (Elapidae) follow blindsnake chemical trails', Copeia, vol. 2005, no. 1, pp. 184-187.
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The ability to detect and follow prey chemical trails is important for actively foraging nocturnal snakes. We investigated whether a nocturnal, ophiophagous (snake-eating) predator, the Bandy-Bandy (Vermicella annulata) can detect and follow blindsnake chemical trails. Adult Bandy-Bandys were offered the choice between control trails (distilled water) and chemical trails from three sympatric squamate species. Bandy-Bandys ignored distilled water trails and the trails of the burrowing Yellow-Bellied Three-Toed Skink (Saiphos equalis) and the nocturnal Golden Crowned Snake (Cacophis squamulosus). In contrast, all of the Bandy-Bandys followed chemical trails from the Blackish Blindsnake (Ramphotyphlaps nigrescens), and three snakes followed the blindsnake trails along their entire length (mean distance followed = 0.93 m, range 0.2-1.4 m). Our results suggest Bandy Bandys use chemical cues to locate blindsnakes but do not respond to chemical trails of other sympatric squamate species.

Gregson, MA & Booth, DJ 2005, 'Zooplankton patchiness and the associated shoaling response of the temperate reef fish Trachinops taeniatus', Marine Ecology-Progress Series, vol. 299, pp. 269-275.
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The grouping behaviour of fishes plays an important role in the success of the group and individual in terms of foraging, reproduction and predator avoidance. The temperate Sydney (Australia) reef fish species Trachinops taeniatus was investigated betwee

Hahn, MA & Marsh, DJ 2005, 'Identification of a functional bipartite nuclear localization signal in the tumor suppressor parafibromin', ONCOGENE, vol. 24, no. 41, pp. 6241-6248.
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Hale, PS, Maddox, LM, Shapter, J, Voelcker, N, Ford, M & Waclawik, ER 2005, 'Growth kinetics and modeling of ZnO nanoparticles', Journal Of Chemical Education, vol. 82, no. 5, pp. 775-778.
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This article describes a method to measure the growth kinetics of a zinc oxide colloid. Using common instrumentation such as UV–vis spectroscopy, the cut-off wavelength can be determined and hence, the particle size can be estimated. Using existing models of colloidal nanoparticle properties, the absorbance is modeled and compared to the experimental curves. The effect of different parameters in the model such as particle size, refractive index, and solvent type are investigated and conclusions drawn about the nature of nanoparticulate systems.

Hall, CA, Reichel, MP & Ellis, JT 2005, 'Neospora abortions in dairy cattle: diagnosis, mode of transmission and control', Veterinary Parasitology, vol. 128, no. 3-4, pp. 231-241.
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To determine the contribution of neospora caninumm to abortions on a dairy farm in NSW (Australia), determine the mode of transmission and develop and trial a control option for infection

Hamilton, MA, Murray, B, Cadotte, MW, Hose, GC, Baker, AC, Harris, CJ & Licari, DD 2005, 'Life-history correlates of plant invasiveness at regional and continental scales', Ecology Letters, vol. 8, no. 10, pp. 1066-1074.
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We implemented cross-species and independent-contrasts multiple regression models to compare life-history correlates of invasion success between regional and continental spatial scales among non-native plants of eastern Australia. We focussed on three li

Handy, S, Coyne, K, Portune, K, Demir, E, Doblin, MA, Hare, CE, Cary, S & Hutchins, DA 2005, 'Evaluating vertical migration behaviour of harmful raphidophytes in the Delaware Inland Bays utilizing quantitative real-time PCR', Aquatic Microbial Ecology, vol. 40, pp. 121-132.
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Mixed blooms of 4 species of harmful raphidophytes (Chattonella cf. verruculosa, Chattonella subsalsa, Heterosigma akashiwo, and Fibrocapsa japonica) occur in the shallow (1 ti 2m) Delaware Inland Bays (DIB), USA. Raphidophytes vertically migrate in other deeper water ecosystems to utilise deep nutrient stocks at night, and thus obtain an advantage over non-migrating algae.Anoxic DIB sediments release high levels of bioavailable phosphate, which could potentially be used by vertically migrating flagellates. This study aimed to characterise and understamd the migration oatterns of DIB raphidiphytes, and determine whether benthic phosphate fluxes could provide the cells with P. We demonstrated vertical migration of isolated DIB raphidophyte cultures in the laboratory, where differences inthe response of C. subsalsa and H. akashiwo to light:dark period manipulations suggested possible diffeerneces in external versus endogenous regulation of migration behaviour in the 2 species. Natural blooms in the filed (enclosed in a mesocosm system) also exhibited patterns of diel vertical distributions of each species. Our data suggested that these 2 photoautotrophic species spend daylight hours near the surface and are found directly on the sediment surface at night. However, diel changes in particulate C:P ratios did not support the hypothesis that there is preferential uptake of sedimentary phosphate at night. Our results also suggested that the migration behaviour may have important implications for designing sampling strategies for monitoring programs. QPCR has a number of decisive advantages over traditional microscopic counting methods, making this a poweful tool for fine spatial temporal scale detection and enum,eration of vertically migrating harmful algal species.

Harezlak, J, Ryan, LM, Giedd, JN & Lange, N 2005, 'Individual and population penalized regression splines for accelerated longitudinal designs', Biometrics, vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 1037-1048.
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In an accelerated longitudinal design (ALD), individuals enter the study at different points of their growth trajectory and are observed over a short time span relative to the entire time span of interest. ALD data are combined across independent units to provide an estimate of an overall population curve and predictions of individual patterns of change. As a modest extension of the work of Ruppert et al. (2003, Semiparametric Regression, Cambridge University Press), we develop a computationally efficient procedure for the application of longitudinal serniparametric methods under ALD sampling schemes. We compare balanced and complete longitudinal designs to ALDs using the Berkeley Growth Study data and apply our method to longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain structure size (volume) measurements from an ongoing developmental study. Potential applications extend beyond growth studies to many other fields in which cost and feasibility constraints impose restrictions on sample size and on the numbers and timings of repeated measurements across subjects.

Hastings, AF, Otting, G, Folmer, RH, Duggin, IG, Wake, RG, Wilce, MC & Wilce, JA 2005, 'Interaction of the replication terminator protein of Bacillus subtilis with DNA probed by NMR spectroscopy', Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communication, vol. 335, pp. 361-366.
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Termination of DNA replication in Bacillus subtilis involves the polar arrest of replication forks by a specific complex formed between the dimeric 29 kDa replication terminator protein (RTP) and DNA terminator sites. We have used NMR spectroscopy to probe the changes in 1H15N correlation spectra of a 15N-labelled RTP.C110S mutant upon the addition of a 21 base pair symmetrical DNA binding site. Assignment of the 1H15N correlations was achieved using a suite of triple resonance NMR experiments with 15N,13C,70% 2H enriched protein recorded at 800 MHz and using TROSY pulse sequences. Perturbations to 1H15N spectra revealed that the N-termini, ?3-helices and several loops are affected by the binding interaction. An analysis of this data in light of the crystallographically determined apo- and DNA-bound forms of RTP.C110S revealed that the NMR spectral perturbations correlate more closely to protein structural changes upon complex formation rather than to interactions at the proteinDNA interface

Hawe, I, Schwarz, A-M, Sutherland, DL & Howard-Williams, C 2005, 'Aquatic Ecosystems of the McMurdo Dry Valleys – the edge of survival', Water and Atmosphere, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 16-17.

Hayashi, M, Ogura, Y, Harry, L, Ogasawara, N & Moriya, S 2005, 'Bacillus subtilis YabA is involved in determining the timing and synchrony of replication initiation', FEMS Microbiology Letters, vol. 247, no. 1, pp. 73-79.
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It is shown here by flow cytometry that Bacillus subtilis YabA negatively regulates the timing of replication initiation. When the level of YabA was reduced, replication began at a decreased cell mass and when the level was increased, initiation was dela

Heath, DP & Platen, E 2005, 'Currency derivatives under a minimal market model with random scaling', International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance, vol. 8, no. 8, pp. 1157-1177.
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This paper uses an alternative, parsimonious volatility model to describe the dunamics of a currency market for the pricing and hedging of derivatives. Time transformed squared Bessel processes are the basic driving factors of the minimal marketr model. The time transformation is chracterised by a random scaling, wich provides for realistic exchange rate dynamics. The pricing of standard European options is studied. In particular, it is shown that the model produces implied volatility surfaces that are tpically observed in real markets.

Heath, DP & Platen, E 2005, 'Understanding the implied volatility surface for options on a diversified index', Asia-Pacific Financial markets, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 55-77.
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This paper describes a two-factor model for a diveersified index that attempts to explain both the leverage effect and the implied volatility skews that are characteristic of index options. Our formulation is based on an analhsis of the growth optimal portfolio and a corresponding random market activity time where the discounted growth optimal portfolio is expressed as a time transformed square Bessel process of dimension four. It turns our that for this index model an equivalent risk neutral martingale measure does not exist because the corresponding Radon-Nikodym derivative process is a strict local martingale. However, a consistent pricing and hedging framework is established by using the benchmark approach. The prposed model, which includes a random initial condition for market activity, generates implied colatility surfaces for European call and put options that are typically observed in real markets. The paper also examines the price differences of binary options for th epropsed model and their Black-Scholes counterparts.

Heather, AK, McGrath, KC & Handelsman, D 2005, 'Valproate is an anti-androgen and anti-progestin', Steroids, vol. 70, no. 14, pp. 946-953.
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Anti-convulsant treatment is associated with a high prevalence of reproductive dysfunction compared with age-matched non-epileptics. We examined the widely used anti-convulsants valproate (VPA) and carbamazepine (CBZ) for steroidal bioactivity using a ye

Hein, AK, Richardson, S, Causton, HC, Ambler, GK & Green, PJ 2005, 'BGX: A fully Bayesian integrated approach to the analysis of affymetrix genechip data', Biostatistics, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 349-373.
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We present Bayesian hierarchical models for the analysis of Affymetrix GeneChip data. The approach we take differs from other available approaches in two fundamental aspects. Firstly, we aim to integrate all processing steps of the raw data in a common s

Hill, R & Ralph, PJ 2005, 'Diel and seasonal changes in fluorescence rise kinetics of three scleractinian corals', Functional Plant Biology, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 549-559.
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The effect of diel oscillations in light on the photosynthetic response of three coral species during summer and winter was studied. Fast induction curves revealed detailed information on primary photochemistry as well as redox states of electron accepto

Hill, R, Frankart, C & Ralph, PJ 2005, 'Impact of bleaching conditions on the components of non-photochemical quenching in the zooxanthellae of a coral', Journal Of Experimental Marine Biology And Ecology, vol. 322, no. 1, pp. 83-92.
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Mass coral bleaching events are a worldwide phenomenon, which generally occur during periods of elevated sea surface temperature and intense sunlight. These conditions result in a decline in photochemical efficiency of symbiotic microalgae (zooxanthellae

Hinz, J, Von Grafenstein, L, Verschuere, M & Wilhelm, M 2005, 'Pricing electricity risk by interest rate methods', Quantitative Finance, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 49-60.
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Hodgkinson, IJ, Wu, QH, De Silva, L, Arnold, MD, Lakhtakia, A & McCall, MW 2005, 'Structurally-perturbed chiral Bragg reflectors for elliptically polarized light', Optics Letters, vol. 30, no. 19, pp. 2629-2631.
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The structure of an inorganic chiral medium represented as a stack of identical form-birefringent layers that twist steadily with increasing thickness is perturbed by realigning a fraction of each layer to a fixed direction. Experimental results show that the resulting chiral-birefringent composite medium exhibits Bragg resonance with elliptically polarized light, and simulations indicate that Bragg reflectors can be designed for any polarization including linear.

Hoffmann, K 2005, 'Predicting exposure levels', EPIDEMIOLOGY, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 134-135.
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Hong, MY, Bancroft, LK, Turner, NA, Davidson, LA, Murphy, ME, Carroll, RJ, Chapkin, RS & Lupton, JR 2005, 'Fish oil decreases oxidative DNA damage by enhancing apoptosis in rat colon', NUTRITION AND CANCER-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 166-175.
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Hong, MY, Turner, ND, Carroll, RJ, Chapkin, RS & Lupton, JR 2005, 'Differential response to DNA damage may explain different cancer susceptibility between small and large intestine', EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, vol. 230, no. 7, pp. 464-471.

Hornitzky, MA, Mercieca, K, Bettelheim, KA & Djordjevic, SP 2005, 'Bovine feces from animals with gastrointestinal infections are a source of serelogically diverse atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli strains that commonly possess intimin', Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 71, no. 7, pp. 3405-3412.
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higa toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) cells were isolated from 191 fecal samples from cattle with gastrointestinal infections (diagnostic samples) collected in New South Wales, Australia. By using a multiplex PCR, E. coli cells possessing combinations of stx1, stx2, eae, and ehxA were detected by a combination of direct culture and enrichment in E. coli (EC) (modified) broth followed by plating on vancomycin-cefixime-cefsulodin blood (BVCC) agar for the presence of enterohemolytic colonies and on sorbitol MacConkey agar for the presence of non-sorbitol-fermenting colonies. The high prevalence of the intimin gene eae was a feature of the STEC (35 [29.2%] of 120 isolates) and contrasted with the low prevalence (9 [0.5%] of 1,692 fecal samples possessed STEC with eae) of this gene among STEC recovered during extensive sampling of feces from healthy slaughter-age cattle in Australia (M. Hornitzky, B. A. Vanselow, K. Walker, K. A. Bettelheim, B. Corney, P. Gill, G. Bailey, and S. P. Djordjevic, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68:6439-6445, 2002). Forty-seven STEC serotypes were identified, including O5:H, O8:H19, O26:H, O26:H11, O113:H21, O157:H7, O157:H and Ont:H which are known to cause severe disease in humans and 23 previously unreported STEC serotypes.

Hose, GC, Gordon, G, McCullough, F, Pulver, N & Murray, B 2005, 'Spatial and rainfall related patterns of bacterial contamination in Sydney Harbour estuary', Journal of Water and Health, vol. 3, pp. 349-358.
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Water qaulity in recreational areas in Sydney Harbour, Australia, was analysed first into identify spatial patterns in faecal coliform and entercocci densities, and then to determine the relationship between bacterial densities and catchment rainfall. Non-metric multidimensional scaling separated sites closets to themouth of the harbour from those further up the harbour's west and north-west arms. Sites closest to the harbour mouth generally had lower frequencies of high bacterial densities that exceeded median water quality guideline values. We attribute this to greater tidal flushing at sites closer to the harbour mouth.

Huang, CD, Ammit, A, Tliba, O, Kuo, HP, Penn, R, Panettieri, RA & Amrani, Y 2005, 'G-protein-coupled receptor agonists differentially regulate basal or tumor necrosis factor-alpha-stimulated activation of interleukin-6 and RANTES in human airway smooth muscle cells', JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 763-776.
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Huang, M, Peng, GB, Leslie, LM, Shao, XM & Sha, WY 2005, 'Seasonal and regional temperature changes in China over the 50 year period 1951-2000', METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS, vol. 89, no. 1-4, pp. 105-115.
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Hudson, AL & Ellis, JT 2005, 'Culture of Neospora caninum in the presence of a mycoplasma removal agent results in the selection of a mutant population of tachyzoites', Parasitology, vol. 130, no. 6, pp. 607-610.
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Mycoplasmas are common contaminants of eukaryotic cells grown in tissue culture. A commercially available Mycoplasma Removal Agent (

Huggett, PG, Wuhrer, R, Ben-Nissan, B & Moran, K 2005, 'A novel metallurgical bonding process and microstructural analysis of ferrous alloy composites', Materials Forum, vol. 29, pp. 83-88.
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A group of ferrous alloy composites have veen produced using a novel vacuum casting process. The bonding and the interfacial analysis of these composites has been studied using various techniques including: optical microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) microanalysis, X-ray mapping (XRM and electron back scattered diffraction (EBDS). A number of phase changes and unique microstructural features have been observed. Some of thes microsturctural features are the result of the solidification process, whilst other changes have resulted from diffusion of elements across the composite interface. This study demonstrates the uniqueness of the vacuum casting process as an efficient bonding process and the importance of comparing data from a variety of analytical techniques to enable a thorough model of the solidification and diffusion processes to be properly developed.

Hughes, PA, Stevens, MM, Park, HW, Federici, BA, Dennis, ES & Akhurst, R 2005, 'Response of larval Chironomus tepperi (Diptera : Chironomidae) to individual Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis toxins and toxin mixtures', JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY, vol. 88, no. 1, pp. 34-39.
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Hughes, PG, Votava, O, West, MBA, Zhang, FT & Kable, SH 2005, 'Pulsed oscillating mass spectrometer: A miniaturized type of time-of-flight mass spectrometer', ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, vol. 77, no. 14, pp. 4448-4452.
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Hulley, H, Miller, S & Platen, E 2005, 'Benchmarking and fair pricing applied to two market models', The Kyoto Economic Review, vol. 74, no. 1, pp. 85-118.
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This paper considers a market containing both continuous and discrete noise. Modest assumptions ensure the existence of a growth optimal portfolio. Non-negative self-financing trading strategies, when benchmarked by this portfolio, are local martingales unde the real-world measure. This justifies the fair pricing approach, which expresses derivative prices in terms of real-world conditional expectations of benchmarked pay-offs. Two models for benchmarked primary security accounts are presentated, and fair pricing formulas for some common contingent claims are derived.

Hultén, LM, Ullström, C, Krettek, A, Van Reyk, D, Marklund, SL, Dahlgren, C & Wiklund, O 2005, 'Human macrophages limit oxidation products in low density lipoprotein', Lipids in Health and Disease, vol. 4.
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This study tested the hypothesis that human macrophages have the ability to modify oxidation products in LDL and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) via a cellular antioxidant defence system. While many studies have focused on macrophage LDL oxidation in atherosclerosis development, less attention has been given to the cellular antioxidant capacity of these cells. Compared to cell-free controls (6.2 ± 0.7 nmol/mg LDL), macrophages reduced TBARS to 4.42 ± 0.4 nmol/mg LDL after 24 h incubation with LDL (P = 0.022). After 2 h incubation with oxLDL, TBARS were 3.69 ± 0.5 nmol/mg LDL in cell-free media, and 2.48 ± 0.9 nmol/mg LDL in the presence of macrophages (P = 0.034). A reduction of lipid peroxides in LDL (33.7 ± 6.6 nmol/mg LDL) was found in the presence of cells after 24 h compared to cell-free incubation (105.0 ± 14.1 nmol/mg LDL) (P = 0.005). The levels of lipid peroxides in oxLDL were 137.9 ± 59.9 nmol/mg LDL and in cell-free media 242 ± 60.0 nmol/mg LDL (P = 0.012). Similar results were obtained for hydrogen peroxide. Reactive oxygen species were detected in LDL, acetylated LDL, and oxLDL by isoluminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL). Interestingly, oxLDL alone gives a high CL signal. Macrophages reduced the CL response in oxLDL by 45% (P = 0.0016). The increased levels of glutathione in oxLDL-treated macrophages were accompanied by enhanced catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities. Our results suggest that macrophages respond to oxidative stress by endogenous antioxidant activity, which is sufficient to decrease reactive oxygen species both in LDL and oxLDL. This may suggest that the antioxidant activity is insufficient during atherosclerosis development. Thus, macrophages may play a dual role in atherogenesis, i.e. both by promoting and limiting LDL-oxidation. © 2005 Hultén et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Huston, WM, Lowe, EC, Butler, CS & Moir, JWB 2005, 'Purification and characterization of cytochrome c ' from Neisseria meningitidis', BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS, vol. 33, pp. 187-189.
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Ip, K, Ray, AS, Stuart, BH & Thomas, P 2005, 'Thermal analysis of heritage stones', Journal Of Thermal Analysis And Calorimetry, vol. 80, no. 3, pp. 559-563.
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Many of Sydney's heritage buildings and monuments were built as a result of the first European settlement in the 1800s. These buildings not only display the richness of the Australian culture, but also capture the architectural and historical values of i

Jackson, CJ, Xue, M, Thompson, P, Davey, RA, Whitmont, K, Smith, S, Buisson-Legendre, N, Sztynda, T, Furphy, LJ, Cooper, A, Sambrook, P & March, L 2005, 'Activated protein C prevents inflammation yet stimulates angiogenesis to promote cutaneous wound healing', Wound Repair And Regeneration, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 284-294.
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Activated protein C (APC) is a serine protease that plays a central role in physiological anticoagulation, and has more recently been shown to be a potent anti-inflammatory mediator. Using cultured human cells, we show here that APC up-regulates the angi

James, KJ, Gillman, M, Amandi, MF, Lopez-Rievra, A, Puente, PF, Lehane, M, Mitrovic, S & Furey, A 2005, 'Amnesic shellfish poisoning toxins in bivalve molluscs in Ireland', Toxicon, vol. 46, no. 8, pp. 852-858.
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In December 1999, domoic acid (DA) a potent neurotoxin, responsible for the syndrome Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP) was detected for the first time in shellfish harvested in Ireland. Two liquid chromatography (LC) methods were applied to quantify DA in shellfish after sample clean-up using solid-phase extraction (SPE) with strong anion exchange (SAX) cartridges. Toxin detection was achieved using photodiode array ultraviolet (LC-UV) and multiple tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MSn). DA was identified in four species of bivalve shellfish collected along the west and south coastal regions of the Republic of Ireland. The amount of DA that was present in three species was within EU guideline limits for sale of shellfish (20 µg DA/g); mussels (Mytilus edulis), <1.0 µg DA/g; oysters (Crassostrea edulis), <5.0 µg DA/g and razor clams (Ensis siliqua), <0.3 µg DA/g. However, king scallops (Pecten maximus) posed a significant human health hazard with levels up to 240 µg DA/g total tissues. Most scallop samples (55%) contained DA at levels greater than the regulatory limit. The DA levels in the digestive glands of some samples of scallops were among the highest that have ever been recorded (2820 µg DA/g).

Jayasundera, KP, Watson, AJ & Taylor, CM 2005, 'Synthesis of a tetrasubstituted arylphosphonate via the anionic phospho-Fries rearrangement', TETRAHEDRON LETTERS, vol. 46, no. 25, pp. 4311-4313.
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Jensen, SO, Thompson, L & Harry, L 2005, 'Cell division in bacillus subtilis: FtsZ and FtsA association is Z-ring independent, and FtsA is required for efficient midcell Z-ring assembly', Journal Of Bacteriology, vol. 187, no. 18, pp. 6536-6544.
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The earliest stage in cell division in bacteria is the assembly of a Z ring at the division site at midcell. Other division proteins are also recruited to this site to orchestrate the septation process. FtsA is a cytosolic division protein that interacts

Jensen, SO, Thompson, LS & Harry, EJ 2005, 'Cell division in bacillus subtilis: FtsZ and FtsA association is Z-ring independent, and FtsA is required for efficient midcell Z-ring assembly', JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY, vol. 187, no. 18, pp. 6536-6544.
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Jia, Y, Gu, H & Xi, Y 2005, 'Rolling horizon scheduling algorithm for dynamic vehicle scheduling system', Journal of Southeast University (English Edition), vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 92-96.
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Dynamic exclusive pickup and delivery problem with time windows (DE-PDPTW), a special dynamic vehicle scheduling problem, is proposed. Its mathematical description is given and its static properties are analyzed, and then the problem is simplified as the asymmetrical traveling salesman problem with time windows. The rolling horizon scheduling algorithm (RHSA) to solve this dynamic problem is proposed. By the rolling of time horizon, the RHSA can adapt to the problem's dynamic change and reduce the computation time by dealing with only part of the customers in each rolling time horizon. Then, its three factors, the current customer window, the scheduling of the current customer window and the rolling strategy, are analyzed. The test results demonstrate the effectiveness of the RHSA to solve the dynamic vehicle scheduling problem.

Jia, YJ, Gu, HY & Xi, YG 2005, 'Analysis and algorithm of single-vehicle exclusive pickup and delivery problem with time windows', Shanghai Jiaotong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 409-412.
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The exclusive pickup and delivery problem with time windows (E-PDPTW), an NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem existed extensively in the transportation domain, was proposed. The mathematical description of this problem was proposed and its properties were analyzed, and then the problem was simplified as an asymmetric traveling salesman problem (TSP) with time windows. A two-phase quick algorithm to solve single vehicle E-PDPTW was proposed, whose time complexity is only O(n ) and the test results indicate the algorithm is effective and quick. 3

Jiang, L, Bardini, M, Keogh, A, Dos Remedios, CG & Burnstock, G 2005, 'P2X1 receptors are closely associated with connexin 43 in human ventricular myocardium', International Journal of Cardiology, vol. 98, no. 2, pp. 291-297.
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Background: It has been suggested that gap-junctional conductance between cardiomyocytes is regulated through a specific ligand-receptor interaction between ATP and connexins. In this study we examined the localization of P2X1 ionotropic receptors and their relation to connexin43 in gap junctions in human left ventricles. Methods and results: Using immunohistochemistry, we detected P2X1 expression predominantly in the intercalated discs. Labelling of the P2X1 receptor and the gap junction protein connexin43 showed close association in some gap junctions, while in others the two proteins often appeared to be spatially discrete. Western blotting detected four major bands at 45, 60, 95 and 120 kDa in the protein extracts from human left ventricles corresponding to equivalent bands from rat vas deferens. The most prominent band in human left ventricles was at 95 kDa, possibly a dimer of the native P2X1 receptor, whereas in rat vas deferens it was at 60 kDa. After preincubation of the antibody with its epitope peptide, the 45 and 60 kDa bands almost disappeared and the 95 and 120 kDa bands were significantly attenuated. Conclusions: P2X1 receptors in human myocardium are densely localized in gap junctions at intercalated discs between muscle cells. Close association of P2X1 receptors and connexin 43 occurred in some regions of some gap junctions, but in others they were spatially separate. Little difference in the pattern of distribution of P2X1 receptors was found in failing left ventricles of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, although Western blots showed an enhancement of P2X 1 receptor protein. © 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Jiang, XM, Williams, KM, Liauw, WS, Ammit, AJ, Roufogalis, BD, Duke, CC, Day, RO & McLachlan, AJ 2005, 'Effect of ginkgo and ginger on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin in healthy subjects', BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, vol. 59, no. 4, pp. 425-432.
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Jones, PM & George, AM 2005, 'Multidrug resistance in parasites: ABC transporters, P-glycoproteins and molecular modelling', International Journal For Parasitology, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 555-566.
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Parasitic diseases, caused by protozoa, helminths and arthropods, rank among the most important problems in human and veterinary medicine, and in agriculture, leading to debilitating sicknesses and loss of life. In the absence of vaccines and with the ge

Jones, RT & Ollendick, TH 2005, 'Risk factors for psychological adjustment following residential fire: The role of avoidant coping', Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 85-99.
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Although a growing number of investigations have targeted technological and natural disasters involving children and adolescents (e.g., kidnappings, shootings, accidents, wars, fires, hurricanes), little is known about the influence of specific risk factors on functioning post-disaster. A number of basic questions are yet to be fully addressed, including: How do children and adolescents cope with technological and natural disasters? What are the most salient risk factors for children and adolescents, prior to, during, and following disasters? How do these risk factors interact in predicting psychological adjustment? And what is the relative role of risk factors on psychological adjustment over time? In fact, these and related questions hold the potential to move this important area of inquiry forward in a variety of meaningful ways. © 2005 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.

Jonsson, JC, Smith, G, Deller, CA & Roos, A 2005, 'Directional and angle-resolved optical scattering of high-performance translucent polymer sheets for energy-efficient lighting and skylights', Applied Optics, vol. 44, no. 14, pp. 2745-2753.
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Transparent refractive-index matched micro (TRIMM) particles have proved to be an excellent scattering component for use in translucent sheets. Measurements of hemispheric transmittance and reflectance versus angle of incidence, as well as angle-resolved

Kelly, TL, Doble, PA & Dawson, M 2005, 'Chiral analysis of methadone and its major metabolites (EDDP and EMDP) by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry', Journal Of Chromatography B-Analytical Technologies In The Biomedical And Life Sciences, vol. 814, no. 2, pp. 315-323.
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Racemic methadone (MET) is administered to heroin users undergoing methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) in Australia. The enantiomers of methadone possess different pharmacological effects, and the enantioselective metabolism of methadone to its two major

King, NJ, Heyne, D & Ollendick, TH 2005, 'Cognitive-behavioral treatments for anxiety and phobic disorders in children and adolescents: A review', Behavioral Disorders, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 241-257.
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This article provides an overview of cognitive-behavioural strategies used in the treatment of child-anxiety problems, emphasizing the need for exposure and caregiver involvement. Most of the paper focuses on developments in empirically supported cognitive-behavioral intervention protocols for generalized anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, social phobia, specific phobia, and school refusal. The research status of interventions for phobias and anxiety disorders of children with disabilities, a much neglected area, is also considered. Particular attention is given to randomized controlled trials. Analogue studies are not included in this particular review, thus strengthening conclusions regarding treatment efficacy. In general, cognitive and behavioral strategies appear to be useful for these distressing child-anxiety problems; however, there is a limited understanding of the active components in treatment, treatment mechanisms of change, and prediction of treatment outcome.

King, NJ, Muris, P & Ollendick, TH 2005, 'Childhood fears and phobias: Assessment and treatment', Child and Adolescent Mental Health, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 50-56.
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The specific phobias in children, such as night-time fears and animal phobias, should not be underestimated since they cause personal distress to the child and also much interference with daily activities. Intervention plans should be informed by multi-method assessment, using tools that are empirically sound and developmentally sensitive. We selectively review a number of assessment tools, including structured diagnostic interview schedules, standardised instruments such as anxiety or fear self-report questionnaires, and behavioural tasks. We provide an overview of the main intervention approaches, from a behavioural perspective, including traditional behavioural intervention procedures such systematic desensitisation and its variants, cognitive-behavioural therapy, and behavioural family therapy. We also present recent developments in psychodynamic treatment for phobic and anxious children. Medications are also discussed because of their possible use with psychosocial interventions. Finally, we present our conclusions on the empirical standing of the various treatment approaches and also examine the important issue of treatment outcome prediction. © 2005 Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health.

King, NJ, Muris, P, Ollendick, TH & Gullone, E 2005, 'Childhood fears and phobias: Advances in assessment and treatment', Behaviour Change, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 199-211.
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The specific phobias in children, such as night-time fears and animal phobias, should not be underestimated since they cause personal distress to the child and also much interference with daily activities. Intervention plans should be informed by multimethod assessment, using tools that are empirically sound and developmentally sensitive. This article selectively reviews a number of assessment tools including structured diagnostic interview schedules, standardised instruments such as anxiety or fear self-report questionnaires, and behavioural tasks. An overview is given of the main intervention approaches, from a behavioural perspective, including traditional behavioural intervention procedures such as systematic desensitisation and its variants, cognitive-behavioural therapy, and behavioural family therapy. The authors also present recent developments in psychodynamic treatment for phobic and anxious children. Finally, we present conclusions on the empirical standing of the various treatment approaches and also examine the important issue of treatment outcome prediction.

Kohonen-Corish, MRJ, Daniel, JJ, Chan, C, Lin, BPC, Kwun, SY, Dent, OF, Dhillon, VS, Trent, RJA, Chapuis, PH & Bokey, EL 2005, 'Low microsatellite instability is associated with poor prognosis in stage C colon cancer', JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY, vol. 23, no. 10, pp. 2318-2324.
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Kuehl, M, Chen, M, Ralph, PJ, Schreiber, U & Larkum, A 2005, 'A niche for cyanobacteria containing chlorophyll d', Nature, vol. 433, no. 1, pp. 820-820.
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The cyanobacterium known as Acaryochloris marina is a unique phototroph that uses chlorophyll d as its principal light-harvesting pigment instead of chlorophyll a, the form commonly found in plants, algae and other cyanobacteria; this means that it depends on far-red light for photosynthesis. Here we demonstrate photosynthetic activity in Acaryochloris-like phototrophs that live underneath minute coral-reef invertebrates (didemnid ascidians) in a shaded niche enriched in near-infrared light. This discovery clarifies how these cyanobacteria are able to thrive as free-living organisms in their natural habitat.

Lal, S & Craig, AR 2005, 'Reproducibility of the spectral components of the electroencephalogram during driver fatigue', International Journal Of Psychophysiology, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 137-143.
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Objective: To date, no study has tested the reproducibility of EEG changes that occur during driver fatigue. For the EEG changes to be useful in the development of a fatigue countermeasure device the EEG response during each onset period of fatigue in in

Langford, NK, Weinhold, TJ, Prevedel, R, Resch, KJ, Gilchrist, A, O'Brien, JL, Pryde, GJ & White, AG 2005, 'Demonstration of a simple entangling optical gate and its use in Bell-state analysis', PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, vol. 95, no. 21.
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Larkum, A & Kuhl, M 2005, 'Chlorophyll d: the puzzle resolved', Trends in Plant Science, vol. 10, no. 8, pp. 355-357.
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Chlorophyll a (Chl a) has always been regarded as the sole chlorophyll with a role in photochemical conversion in oxygen-evolving phototrophs, whereas chlorophyll d (Chl d), discovered in small quantities in red algae in 1943, was often regarded as an artefact of isolation. Now, as a result of discoveries over the past year, it has become clear that Chl d is the major chlorophyll of a freeliving and widely distributed cyanobacterium that lives in light environments depleted in visible light and enhanced in infrared radiation. Moreover, Chl d not only has a light-harvesting role but might also replace Chl a in the special pair of chlorophylls in both reactions centers of photosynthesis.

Lawry, J, Ray, AS, Klimesch, DS, Thomas, P, Guerbois, JL & Harrison, JW 2005, 'Thermal characterization of Portland cement-magnesia blends', Journal Of Thermal Analysis And Calorimetry, vol. 80, no. 3, pp. 637-641.
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Due to growing environmental concerns and the need to use less energy-intensive building products, alternatives and improvements to Portland cement (PC) are being actively researched worldwide. Use of supplementary materials is now a common practice wher

Layez, C, Nogueira, P, Combes, V, Costa, FTM, Juhan-Vague, I, da Silva, LHP & Gysin, J 2005, 'Plasmodium falciparum rhoptry protein RSP2 triggers destruction of the erythroid lineage', BLOOD, vol. 106, no. 10, pp. 3632-3638.
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Lee, HS, Matthews, CJ, Braddock, RD, Sander, GC & Gandola, F 2005, 'Erratum: A MATLAB method of lines template for transport equations (Environmental Modelling & Software (2004) 19 (603-614) PII: S1364-8152(03)00211-1 and DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2003.08.017', Environmental Modelling and Software, vol. 20, no. 3, p. 377.
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Lei, Y, Birch, D, Davey, MW & Ellis, JT 2005, 'Subcellular fractionation and molecular characterization of the pellicle and plasmalemma of Neospora caninum', Parasitology, vol. 131, pp. 467-475.
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A characteristic structural feature of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum is the presence of a triple-membrane pellicle, on the zoite stages of their complex life-cycle. Here we report the results of electron microscopic studies which show that the p

Lei, Y, Davey, MW & Ellis, JT 2005, 'Attachment and invasion of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum to epithelial and fibroblast cell lines in vitro', Parasitology, vol. 131, no. 5, pp. 583-590.
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Attachment and invasion of Toxoplastna gondii and Neospora caninum to a cat and a dog fibroblast cell line and 2 epithelial cell lines (a cat kidney and Vero) were compared in vitro using fluorescence antibody methodology. In addition, trypsin treatment

Lei, Y, Davey, MW & Ellis, JT 2005, 'Auto fluorescence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum cysts in vitro', Journal Of Parasitology, vol. 91, no. 1, pp. 17-23.
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Autofluorescence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum was Studied by fluorescence microscopy during their differentiation from tachyzoites to bradyzoites in vitro using Vero as host cells. Stage conversion into bradyzoites and cysts was confirmed by

Leiferman, JA, Ollendick, TH, Kunkel, D & Christie, IC 2005, 'Mothers' mental distress and parenting practices with infants and toddlers', Archives of Women's Mental Health, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 243-247.
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The purpose of this study was to examine whether maternal mental distress affects parenting practices related to monitoring activities (i.e. daily routines, enrichment activities). The nationally representative sample consisted of 1638 mothers. Maternal mental distress was assessed by the 5-item Mental Health Index (MHI). Logistic regression models were conducted, controlling for covariates (e.g. marital status, education level, etc.). Approximately 14% of the women reported high levels of mental distress and 25% of the women failed to engage in enrichment activities or consistent daily routines with their children. There was a significant adverse relationship between mental distress and routines, with women who were mentally distressed being more likely to not engage in daily routines. There was no significant relationship between mental distress and enrichment activities. Race differentials were evident among these relationships. These findings highlight the prevalence of maternal mental distress and its deleterious effects on select parenting behaviors. © Springer-Verlag 2005.

Leslie, LM, Karoly, DJ, Lamb, PJ & Qi, LX 2005, 'Introductory comments: Special issue on regional climate variability and change', METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS, vol. 89, no. 1-4, pp. V-V.
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Leslie, LM, Leplastrier, M, Buckley, BW & Qi, L 2005, 'Climatology of meteorological "bombs" in the New Zealand region', METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS, vol. 89, no. 1-4, pp. 207-214.
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Levings, RS, Lightfoot, D, Partridge, SR, Hall, RM & Djordjevic, SP 2005, 'The genomic island SG11, containing the multiple antibiotic resistance region of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium DT104 or Variants of It, is widely distributed in other S. enterica Serovars', Journal Of Bacteriology, vol. 187, no. 13, pp. 4401-4409.
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The global dissemination of the multiply-antibiotic-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 clone with the resistance genes located in a class 1 integron, here designated In104, within genomic island SGI1 is a significant public health issue. Here, we have shown that SGI1 and variants of it carrying different combinations of resistance genes are found in several Salmonella enterica serovars. These are serovars Cerro, Derby, Dusseldorf, Infantis, Kiambu, and Paratyphi B dT+ isolated from human infections and serovar Emek from sewage effluent. Two new variants, SGI1-I and SGI1-J, both of which include the dfrA1-orfC cassette array, were identified.

Levings, RS, Partridge, E, Lightfoot, D, Hall, RM & Djordjevic, SP 2005, 'New Integron-Associated gene cassette encoding a 3-N-Aminoglycoside Acetyltransferase', Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 1238-1241.
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A fifth gene cassette containing an aacC gene, aacCA5, was found in an aacCA5-aadA7 cassette array in a class 1 integron isolated from a multiply drug resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky strain. The AacC-A5 or AAC(3)-Ie acetyltransferase encoded by aacCA5 is related to other AAC(3)-I enzymes and confers resistance to gentamicin.

Lewis, KC, Kealley, CS, Elcombe, M, Van Riessen, A & Ben-Nissan, B 2005, 'Neutron diffraction comparison of bone derived and synthetic hydroxyapatite', Journal of Australasian Ceramic Society, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 52-55.
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This paper reports neutron diffraction data and its analysis of bone derived hydroxyapatite and synthetic hydroxyapatite (HAp). FTIR spectroscopy showed a number of changes in the bone derived hydroxyapatite as a function of temperature, and that firing at 600C provides an increased crystallinity without decomposition of the HAp. The neutron diffraction data has elucidated the crystal structure of both materials, and enabled the positions of the hydrogen atoms to be accurately determined, and the lattice parameters to be compared. The only noticeable difference was a slight reduction in the lattice parameter a, and in increase in c in the bone derived HAp material. This can be attributed to the residual carbonate phase. The data also shows the improvement of crystallinity of the bovine bone suring the heat treatment process.

Leyk, M, Nguyen, DV, Attoor, SN, Dougherty, ER, Turner, ND, Bancroft, LK, Chapkin, RS, Lupton, JR & Carroll, RJ 2005, 'Comparing automatic and manual image processing in FLARE assay analysis for colon carcinogenesis', STATISTICAL APPLICATIONS IN GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, vol. 4.

Li, J, Tong, XJ & Yu, Q 2005, 'Methane uptake and oxidation by unsaturated soil', Acta Ecologica Sinica, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 141-147.
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Unsaturated soils are the only known biogenic sinks of CH4. In this paper we summarized the CH4 oxidizing process in unsaturated soil and its influent factors. Methanotrophs can use atmospheric methane as the only source of carbon and energy because of the low critical concentration for methane oxidation. In General, CH4 absorption rate is inversely proportional to soil moisture. The activity of methanotrophs becomes small if the transfer of CH4 and O2 from atmosphere to soils is prevented when soil moisture is over high, or water stress occurs at low soil moisture conditions. The inhibitory effect of NH4+ on CH4 oxidation can be attributed to its competition with CH 4 for O2 by the methane monooxygenases, the transfer of oxidation to nitrification and the toxicity of NO2- produced. The inhibitory effect of NH4+ on CH4 oxidation is proportional to available nitrogen. Chemical fertilizers are stronger than manures, and ammonium are stronger than urea in inhibiting CH 4 oxidation. NO3- has no inhibitory effect on CH4 oxidation. High cation exchange capacity (CEC) can alleviate the inhibitory effect of NH4+ on CH4 oxidation. The high affinity of methanotrophs to atmospheric CH4 and low activation energy for CH4 oxidation leads to a small coefficient of temperature (Q10). When soil temperature is low, the ability of CH4 oxidation by soils is proportional to soil temperature. When soil temperature is higher than the optimal value, the activity of methanotrophs will decrease because it is difficult for methanotrophs to compete with nitrifiers and other microbes for the limited O2 in soil air. Methanotrophs are very insensitive to pH value. Good granular structure of soil favors the activity of CH4-oxidizing bacteria from being disturbed. The peak of CH 4-oxidizing rate in the undisturbed forest soil is usually in sub-topsoil (5-10cm). In farm soil, CH4-oxidizing rate increases obviously under the depth of farming layer (25cm) because tillage destroys the structure of t...

Litonjua, AA, Celedon, JC, Hausmann, J, Nikolov, M, Sredl, D, Ryan, LM, Platts-Mills, TA, Weiss, ST & Gold, DR 2005, 'Variation in total and specific IgE: Effects of ethnicity and socioeconomic status', Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol. 115, no. 4, pp. 751-757.
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Liu, B, Thomas, P, Williams, RP & Donne, S 2005, 'Thermal characterization of chemically reduced electrolytic manganese dioxide', Journal Of Thermal Analysis And Calorimetry, vol. 80, no. 3, pp. 625-629.
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Samples of electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) were chemically reduced using 2-propanol under reflux (82 degrees C) for 1, 2, 3, 6 and 24 h intervals. XRD analysis showed that the gamma-MnO2 structure was preserved although the lattice dimensions were o

Liu, J, Maaroof, AI, Wieczorek, L & Cortie, MB 2005, 'Fabrication of hollow metal nanocaps and their red-shifted optical absorption spectra', Advanced Materials, vol. 17, no. 10, pp. 1276-1282.
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Cap-shaped metal nanoparticles (see Figure) have optical spectra with significant absorption in the infrared. Such shapes, produced by physical vapor deposition onto a polymer-particle template, can be readily separated from one another provided that dep

Liu, J, McCredie, G, Ford, M, Wieczorek, L & Cortie, MB 2005, 'Investigation of the optical properties of hollow aluminium 'nano-caps'', Nanotechnology, vol. 16, no. 12, pp. 3023-3028.
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A colloidal suspension of hollow aluminium, cap-shaped nanoparticles ('nano-caps'_ can be conveniently produced by evaporation of aluminium onto a spin-coated layer of polystyrene nanoparticles (PSNPs), followed by sonication and dissolution of the polymer template. Although ordinary spherical aluminium nanoparticles have a plasmon resonance in the ultra-violet, the 'nano-caps' show plasmon absorption between 700 and 1200 nm due to their geometry. The position of their extinction peaks can be tuned by varying the thickness of the aluminium and the shape of the nano-cap. The optical properties of these shapes were modelled using the discrete dipole approximation method, which confirmed that the 'caps'have very significantly red-shifted absorbance and scattering compared to spheres. This finding suggests that aluminium nano-caps might compete with gold and silver nanoparticles in applciations requiring absorption in the near infrared.

Liu, JQ, Maaroof, AI, Wieczorek, L & Cortie, MB 2005, 'Fabrication of hollow metal "nanocaps" and their red-shifted optical absorption spectra', ADVANCED MATERIALS, vol. 17, no. 10, pp. 1276-+.
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Liu, Y, Gu, HY & Xi, YG 2005, 'Planning and scheduling algorithm based on TOC for complex hybrid flow shop problems', Jisuanji Jicheng Zhizao Xitong/Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems, CIMS, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 97-103.
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For complex Hybrid Flow Shop (HFS) problems with reentrance, batch processing, setup-time and multiple optimization objectives, a general description for HFS was presented. And then a planning and scheduling algorithm based on Theory of Constraints (TOC) was proposed. The whole framework of algorithm was based on the five principle steps of TOC. The multiple-objective optimization was realized by using objective programming. The solution was analyzed by computational study. The upper bound was obtained by estimating bottleneck capacity.

Llewelyn, J, Shine, R & Webb, JK 2005, 'Thermal regimes and diel activity patterns of four species of small elapid snakes from south-eastern Australia', Australian Journal Of Zoology, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 1-8.
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Two of the most basic biological attributes for any ectothermic animal are the times of day that it is active and the body temperatures that it exhibits. Published studies on reptile biology display a heavy bias towards diurnal lizards from Northern Hemisphere habitats. To help redress this imbalance, we quantified thermal regimes and activity times in four species of small Australian elapid snakes. Mean selected body temperature in a thermal gradient was affected by the time of testing ( i. e. night v. day), with snakes choosing higher body temperatures at night than by day. In outdoor enclosures, whip snakes ( Demansia psammophis) were shuttling heliotherms active only during daylight hours at relatively high body temperatures; in a laboratory thermal gradient these animals selected high body temperatures ( mean 31.3degreesC during the day and 33.2degreesC at night). The other three taxa - golden- crowned snakes ( Cacophis squamulosus), small- eyed snakes ( Cryptophis nigrescens) and marsh snakes ( Hemiaspis signata) - were active mostly at night at relatively low body temperatures, and selected low body temperatures in a thermal gradient ( 18.1 - 23.4degreesC). Thus, mean selected body temperatures differ substantially among sympatric elapid species in south- eastern Australia and are correlated with times of activity.

Louvion, N, Gerard, D, Mouette, J, de Fornel, F, Seassal, C, Letarte, X, Rahmani, A & Callard, S 2005, 'Local Observation and Spectroscopy of Optical Modes in Active Photonic Crystal Microcavity', Physical Review Letters, vol. 94, no. 11, pp. 1-4.
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We report the direct, room-temperature, near-field mapping and spectroscopy of the optical modes of a photonic-crystal microcavity containing quantum wells. We use a near-field optical probe to reveal the imprint of the cavity mode structure on the quantum-well emission. Furthermore, near-field spectroscopy allows us to demonstrate the strong spatial and spectral dependence of the coupling between the sources and the microcavity. This knowledge will be essential in devising future nanophotonic devices.

Louvion, N, Gérard, D, Mouette, J, De Fornel, F, Seassal, C, Letartre, X, Rahmani, A & Callard, S 2005, 'Erratum: Local observation and spectroscopy of optical modes in an active photonic-crystal microcavity (Physical Review Letters (2005) 94 (113907))', Physical Review Letters, vol. 94, no. 20.
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Lucas, NT, Hook, JM, McDonagh, AM & Colbran, SB 2005, 'Titanium dioxide nanoparticles functionalized with Pd and W complexes of a catecholphosphane ligand', European Journal Of Inorganic Chemistry, vol. 3, pp. 496-503.
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Palladium and tungsten complexes containing the bifunctional ligand 4-diphenylphosphanylcatechol (L-1) have been synthesized. The catecholate functionality strongly binds to titanium dioxide nanoparticles, effectively anchoring the complexes to the TiO2

Luo, M, Dennis, ES, Berger, F, Peacock, WJ & Chaudhury, A 2005, 'MINISEED3 (MINI3), a WRKY family gene, and HAIKU2 (IKU2),, a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) KINASE gene, are regulators of seed size in Arabidopsis', PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, vol. 102, no. 48, pp. 17531-17536.
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Maaroof, AI & Smith, G 2005, 'Effective optical constants of nanostructured thin silver films and impact of an insulator coating', Thin Solid Films, vol. 485, no. 1-2, pp. 198-206.
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Two distinct electrically percolated types of nanostructured silver (n-Ag) films on glass substrates have been optically and structurally studied and effective refractive indices determined. The first though well above the percolation threshold contains

Maaroof, AI, Cortie, MB & Smith, G 2005, 'Optical properties of mesoporous gold films', Journal Of Optics A-Pure And Applied Optics, vol. 7, no. 7, pp. 303-309.
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Mesoporous gold thin films on glass substrates were fabricated by sputtering of AuAl2 precursor films followed by a de-alloying etch. The resulting sponge-like Au films have very high internal surface area due to nanoscale pores and channels. Scattering

Macinnis-Ng, CM, Morrison, DJ & Ralph, PJ 2005, 'Temporal and spatial variation in the morphology of the brown macroalga Hormosira banksii (Fucales, Phaeophyta)', Botanica Marina, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 198-207.
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Hormosira banksii is a morphologically variable macroalgal species from southeastern and southern Australia, which has been previously categorised into ecoforms according to habitat. This study is by far the largest quantitative evaluation of morphologic

Macnamara, J 2005, 'Media Content Analysis: Its Uses, Benefits and Best Practice Methodology', Asia Pacific Public Relations Journal, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1-34.

Maitra, A, Poulton, CG, Wang, J, Leuthold, J & Freude, W 2005, 'Low switching threshold using nonlinearities in stopband-tapered waveguide Bragg gratings', IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, vol. 41, no. 10, pp. 1303-1308.
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We numerically study the nonlinear switching characteristics in a waveguide grating with a linearly tapered stopband. This type of design shows promising results in decreasing the threshold switching power, while simultaneously preserving a significant extinction ratio. We find that the switching threshold changes linearly with the tapering coefficient. The physical explanation for these phenomena is discussed. Potential applications for this type of device include all-optical switches and isolators.

Malguth, E, Hoffmann, A, Phillips, M & Gehlhoff, W 2005, 'Fe-Centers in GaN as Candidates for Spintronics Applications', MRS Proceedings, vol. 892.
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AbstractThe potential use of Fe doped GaN for spintronics applications requires a complete understanding of the electronic structure of Fe in all of its charge states. To address these issues, a set of 500 µm thick freestanding HVPE grown GaN:Fe crystals with different Fe-concentration levels ranging from 5×1017 to 2×1020 was studied by means of photoluminescence, photoluminescence excitation (PLE) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) transmission experiments. The Fe3+/2+ charge transfer (CT) level was determined to be at 2.86 ± 0.01 eV above the valence band maximum considerably lower than the previously reported value of 3.17 ± 0.10 eV. A bound state of the form (Fe2+, hVB) with a binding energy of 50 ± 10 meV has been established as an excited state of Fe3+. FTIR transmission measurements revealed an internal (5E-5T2) transition of Fe2+ around 400 eV which, until now, was believed to be degenerate with the conduction band. Consequently, a second CT band was detected in PLE spectra.

Margis-Pinheiro, M, Zhou, XR, Zhu, QH, Dennis, ES & Upadhyaya, NM 2005, 'Isolation and characterization of a Ds-tagged rice (Oryza sativa L.) GA-responsive dwarf mutant defective in an early step of the gibberellin biosynthesis pathway', PLANT CELL REPORTS, vol. 23, no. 12, pp. 819-833.
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Masens, CD, Ford, M & Cortie, MB 2005, 'The effect of surface symmetry on the adsorption energetics of SCH3 on gold surfaces studied using Density Functional Theory', Surface Science, vol. 580, no. 1-3, pp. 19-29.
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Adsorption of methanethiol onto the three, high symmetry gold surfaces has been studied at the density functional level using a linear combination of atomic orbitals approach. In all three cases the bond energy between the thiolate radical and surface is

Massonnet, G, Buzzini, P, Jochem, G, Stauber, M, Coyle, T, Roux, CP, Thomas, JM, Leijenhorst, H, van Zanten, Z, Wiggins, KG, Russell, C, Chabli, S & Rosengarten, A 2005, 'Evaluation of Raman Spectroscopy for the analysis of colored fibers: A collaborative study', Journal Of Forensic Sciences, vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 1028-1038.
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A collaborative study on Raman spectroscopy was carried out by members of the ENFSI (European Network of Forensic Science Institutes) European Fibres Group (EFG) on three dyed fibers: two red acrylics and one red wool. Raman instruments from six differen

Matthews, CJ, Cook, FJ, Knight, JH & Braddock, RD 2005, 'Handling the water content discontinuity at the interface between layered soils within a numerical scheme', Australian Journal of Soil Research, vol. 43, no. 8, pp. 945-955.
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In general, the water content (θ) form of Richards' equation is not used when modeling water flow through layered soil since θ is discontinuous across soil layers. Within the literature, there have been some examples of models developed for layered soils using the θ-form of Richards' equation. However, these models usually rely on an approximation of the discontinuity at the soil layer interface. For the first time, we will develop an iterative scheme based on Newton's method, to explicitly solve for θ at the interface between 2 soils within a numerical scheme. The numerical scheme used here is the Method of Lines (MoL); however, the principles of the iterative solution could be used in other numerical techniques. It will be shown that the iterative scheme is highly effective, converging within 1 to 2 iterations. To ensure the convergence behaviour holds, the numerical scheme will be tested on a fine-over-coarse and a coarse-over-fine soil with highly contrasting soil properties. For each case, the contrast between the soil types will be controlled artificially to extend and decrease the extent of the θ discontinuity. In addition, the numerical solution will be compared against a steady-state analytical solution and a numerical solution from the literature. © CSIRO 2005.

Matz, C, McDougald, D, Moreno, AM, Yung, PY, Yildiz, FH & Kjelleberg, S 2005, 'Biofilm formation and phenotypic variation enhance predation-driven persistence of Vibrio cholerae', PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, vol. 102, no. 46, pp. 16819-16824.
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McLean, C, Bettelheim, KA, Kuzevski, A, Falconer, L & Djordjevic, SP 2005, 'Isolation of Escherichia coli O5: H-, possessing genes for Shiga toxin 1, intimin-B and enterohaemolysin, from an intestinal biopsy from an adult case of bloody diarrhoea: evidence for two distince O5: H- pathotypes', Journal of Medical Microbiology, vol. 54, pp. 605-607.
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Two typical coliforms from an intestinal biopsy from an adult case of bloody diarrhoea carried genes encoding intimin-ß, stx1 and ehxA, and produced verocytotoxin 1 and enterohaemolysin in culture. Both were biochemically typical Escherichia coli O5 : H-, apart from producing urease. Such O5 isolates represent a human pathogenic E. coli lineage.

McNevin, D, Wilson-Wilde, L, Robertson, J, Kyd, J & Lennard, C 2005, 'Short tandem repeat (STR) genotyping of keratinised hair - Part 1. Review of current status and knowledge gaps', FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL, vol. 153, no. 2-3, pp. 237-246.
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McNevin, D, Wilson-Wilde, L, Robertson, J, Kyd, J & Lennard, C 2005, 'Short tandem repeat (STR) genotyping of keratinised hair - Part 2. An optimised genomic DNA extraction procedure reveals donor dependence of STR profiles', FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL, vol. 153, no. 2-3, pp. 247-259.
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McPhedran, RC, Nicorovici, NA & Botten, LC 2005, 'Neumann series and lattice sums', JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS, vol. 46, no. 8.
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McPhedran, RC, Nicorovici, NA & Botten, LC 2005, 'Schlomilch series and grating sums', Journal Of Physics A-Mathematical And General, vol. 38, no. 39, pp. 8353-8366.
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We consider sums over the set of positive integers relevant to construction of periodic Green's functions for diffraction gratings and similar problems, and provide a general formula for a combination of Bessel functions of complex order and complex powe

Meeker, JD, Barr, DB, Ryan, LM, Herrick, RF, Bennett, DH, Bravo, R & Hauser, R 2005, 'Temporal variability of urinary levels of nonpersistent insecticides in adult men', Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 271-281.
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Widespread application of contemporary-use insecticides results in low-level exposure for a majority of the population through a variety of pathways. Urinary insecticide biomarkers account for all exposure pathways, but failure to account for temporal within-subject variability of urinary levels can lead to exposure misclassification. To examine temporal variability in urinary markers of contemporary-use insecticides, nine repeated urine samples were collected over 3 months from 10 men participating in an ongoing study of male reproductive health. These 90 samples were analyzed for urinary metabolites of chlorpyrifos (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY)) and carbaryl (1-naphthol (1N)). Volume- based (unadjusted), as well as creatinine (CRE)- and specific gravity (SG)-adjusted concentrations were measured. TCPY had low reliability with an intraclass correlation coefficient between 0.15 and 0.21, while 1N was moderately reliable with an intraclass correlation coefficient between 0.55 and 0.61. When the 10 men were divided into tertiles based on 3-month geometric mean TCPY and 1N levels, a single urine sample performed adequately in classifying a subject into the highest or lowest exposure tertiles. Sensitivity and specificity ranged from 0.44 to 0.84 for TCPY and from 0.56 to 0.89 for 1N. Some differences in the results between unadjusted metabolite concentrations and concentrations adjusted for CRE and SG were observed. Questionnaires were used to assess diet in the 24 h preceding the collection of each urine sample. In mixed-effects models, TCPY was significantly associated with season as well as with consuming grapes and cheese, while 1N levels were associated with consuming strawberries. In conclusion, although a single sample adequately predicted longer-term average exposure, a second sample collected at least 1 month following the first sample would reduce exposure measurement error.

Melville, FR, Pulkownik, A & Burchett, M 2005, 'Zonal and seasonal variation in the distribution and abundance of mangrove macroalgae in the Parramatta River, Australia', Estuarine Coastal And Shelf Science, vol. 64, no. 2-3, pp. 267-276.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the spatial and temporal variation of macroalgae epiphytic on pneumatophores of the Grey mangrove, Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh., in the Parramatta River, the major estuarine system flowing into Sydney Harbour.

Miller, CM, Quinn, HE, Ryce, C, Reichel, MP & Ellis, JT 2005, 'Reduction in transplacental transmission of Neospora caninum in outbred mice by vaccination', International Journal For Parasitology, vol. 35, no. 7, pp. 821-828.
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Infection with the protozoan parasite Neospora caninum is an important cause of abortion in cattle. A major source of infection is transplacental transfer of the parasite from mother to offspring during pregnancy. This study describes investigations on t

Miller, S & Platen, E 2005, 'A two-factor model for low interest rate regimes', Asia-Pacific Financial Markets, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 107-133.
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This paper derives a two-factor model for the term structure of interest rates that segments the yield curve in a natural way. The first factor involves modelling a non-negative short rate process that primarily determines the early part of the yielf curve and is obtained as a truncated Gaussian short rate. The second factor mainly influences the later part of the yield curve via the market index. The market index proxies the growth optimal portfolio (GOP and is modelled as a aquared Bessel process of dimension four. Although this setup can be applied to any interest rate environment, thsi study focusses in the difficult but important case where the short rate stays close to zero for a prolonged period of time. FOr the proposed model, an equivalent risk neutral martingale measure is neither possile nor required. Hence we use the benchmark approach where the GOP is chosen as numeraire. Fair derivative prices are then calculated via conditional expectations under the real world probability measure. Using this methodology we derive pricing functions for zero coupon bonds and options on zero coupon bonds. The proposed model naturally generates yield curve shapes commonly observed in the market. More importantly, themodel replicates the ket features of the inetrest rate cap market for economies with low inetrest rate regimes. In particular, the implied volatility term structure displays a consistent downward slope from extremely high levels of volatility together with a distinct negative skew.

Mitrovic, S, Allis, O, Furey, A & James, KJ 2005, 'Bioaccumulation and harmful effects of microcystin-LR in the aquatic plants Lemna minor and Wolffia arrhiza and the filamentous alga Chladophora fracta', Ecotoxicology And Environmental Safety, vol. 61, pp. 345-352.
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Although the toxic effects of cyanotoxins on animals have been examined extensively, little research has focused on their effects on higher plants and macroalgae, and the potential for bioaccumulation in the food web through plants. Two aquatic plants, Lemna minor and Wolffia arrhiza, and one filamentous alga, Chladophora fracta, were exposed to the cyanotoxin microcystin-LR. Growth of L. minor (as weight and frond number) and root length were significantly reduced and peroxidase activity was significantly increased after 5 days of exposure to concentrations of 10 and 20 µg mL-1 microcystin-LR. Growth of W. arrhiza (as frond number) was significantly reduced after 5 days of exposure to 15 µg mL-1 microcystin-LR. Growth and peroxidase activity of C. fracta were not affected by microcystin-LR at concentrations up to 10 µg mL-1. L. minor also accumulated microcystin-LR up to a concentration of 0.288±0.009 ng mg-1 wet wt. plant material over the 5 days of the experiment, equivalent to an accumulation rate of 0.058 ng mg-1 day-1. C. fracta accumulated a microcystin-LR concentration of 0.042±0.015 ng mg-1 wet wt. plant material over the 5 days of the experiment, equivalent to an accumulation rate of 0.008 ng mg-1 day-1.

Mitrovic, S, Hamilton, B, Mckenzie, L, Furey, A & James, KJ 2005, 'Persistence of yessotoxin (YTX) under light and dark conditions', marine environmental research, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 397-401.
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The change in concentration of the disulfated polyether yessotoxin (YTX) produced by a culture of the marine dinoflagellate Protoceratium reticulatum was measured in laboratory experiments under light and dark conditions. Experimental cultures were inoculated and grew at a growth rate of 0.14 d-1 until stationary phase was reached, after approximately 21 days. Cultures were maintained in the stationary phase until 31 days after inoculation. Cells of P. reticulatum contained a concentration of approximately 1015 pg YTX cell-1 during stationary phase but this was considerably lower (<5 pg cell-1) during the growth phase. Low amounts of 45-hydroxy-YTX were also detected. At day 32, P. reticulatum was killed by cooling to 1 °C (confirmed microscopically) and YTX concentrations were measured periodically under light and dark conditions. YTX concentrations decreased rapidly to approximately 10% of the initial concentration within the first 3 days and depleted to near zero within a week in the light treatment. In the dark environment, YTX persisted longer with approximately 10% of the initial YTX concentration still remaining after 18 days.

Mo, X, Beven, KJ, Liu, S, Leslie, LM & De Roo, APJ 2005, 'Long-term water budget estimation with the modified distributed model - LISFLOOD-WB over the Lushi basin, China', METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS, vol. 90, no. 1-2, pp. 1-16.
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Mokkapati, S, Lever, P, Tan, HH, Jagadish, C, McBean, KE & Phillips, M 2005, 'Controlling the properties of InGaAs quantum dots by selective-area epitaxy', Applied Physics Letters, vol. 86, no. 11, pp. 1-3.
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Selective growth of InGaAs quantum dots on GaAs is reported. It is demonstrated that selective-area epitaxy can be used for in-plane bandgap energy control of quantum dots. Atomic force microscopy and cathodoluminescence are used for characterization of

Moloney, M & Peacock, J 2005, 'Plant biotechnology', CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 163-164.
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Moore, LR, Ostrowski, M, Scanlan, DJ, Feren, K & Sweetsir, T 2005, 'Ecotypic variation in phosphorus acquisition mechanisms within marine picocyanobacteria', AQUATIC MICROBIAL ECOLOGY, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 257-269.
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Morales, KH & Ryan, LM 2005, 'Benchmark dose estimation based on epidemiologic cohort data', Environmetrics, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 435-447.
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Risk assessments based on epidemiologic studies are becoming increasingly common in evaluating environmental health risks and setting health standards. This article will discuss and compare some of the available methods for exposure-response modeling and risk estimation based on environmental epidemiologic studies with age-specific incidence and mortality data. Recommendations will be made regarding approaches that can be used in practice

Mungkornasawakul, P, Matthews, H, Ung, AT, Pyne, SG, Jatisatienr, A, Lie, W, Skelton, BW & White, AH 2005, 'Confirmation of the structure of oxystemokerrin by single crystal x-ray structural analysis and a proposed biosynthesis', A C G C Chemical Research Communications, vol. 19, pp. 30-33.

Muris, P & Ollendick, TH 2005, 'The role of temperament in the etiology of child psychopathology', Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 271-289.
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A substantial proportion of children and adolescents come to suffer from psychological disorders. This article focuses on the temperament factors that are involved in the pathogenesis of child psychopathology. It is argued that besides the reactive temperament factor of emotionality/neuroticism, the regulative process of effortful control also plays an important role in the etiology and maintenance of internalizing and externalizing problems in youths. More specifically, vulnerability to child psychopathology is determined by a temperament that is characterized by high levels of emotionality/neuroticism and low levels of effortful control. Models are hypothesized in which reactive and regulative temperament factors either have interactive or additive effects on the development of psychological disorders in children, and conceptualized in terms of a developmental psychopathology perspective. Directions for future research and clinical implications of this temperamental view on psychopathology are discussed. © 2005 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.

Murray, B & Hose, GC 2005, 'Life-history and ecological correlates of decline and extinction in the endemic Australian frog fauna', Austral Ecology, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 564-571.
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Frog populations are rapidly disappearing throughout the world. An important issue for ecologists to resolve is why some frog species are more susceptible to decline than others. Here, we performed a comparative study of the endemic Australian frog fauna

Murray, B & Hose, GC 2005, 'The interspecific range size-body size relationship in Australian frogs', Global Ecology And Biogeography, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 339-345.
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Aim There is substantial residual scatter about the positive range size-body size relationship in Australian frogs. We test whether species' life history and abundance can account for this residual scatter. Location Australia. Methods Multiple regression

Murray, B, Kelaher, BP, Hose, GC, Figueira, WF & Leishman, MR 2005, 'A meta-analysis of the interspecific relationship between seed size and plant abundance within local communities', Oikos, vol. 110, no. 1, pp. 191-194.
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N/A

Murray, SA, Jorgensen, MF, Ho, SY, Patterson, DJ & Jermiin, LS 2005, 'Improving the analysis of dinoflagellate phylogeny based on rDNA', Protist, vol. 156, pp. 269-286.
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Murrihy, R & Byrne, MK 2005, 'Training models for psychiatry in primary care: A new frontier', Australasian Psychiatry, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 296-301.
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Objective: Under policies implemented by the Australian Government, the success of community mental health care has increasingly relied upon general practitioners (GPs) assuming an enhanced role in the delivery of evidence-based psychological treatment. In undertaking this role, it is crucial that GPs significantly build upon limited training in evidence-based psychological therapies such as cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT). This pilot study investigates the potential role of CBT group supervision as a training model. Method: Two groups of GPs (n = 9) and one comparison group of psychiatric registrars (n = 4) completed eight 1.5 h sessions of CBT group supervision over an 8 month period. Pre- to post-training measures were taken of GP performance (skills, knowledge and confidence) and the mental health outcomes of their patients. On the completion of group supervision, focus groups were conducted for in-depth feedback. Results: Randomization tests indicated that GPs' confidence and knowledge in using CBT had improved over the course of group supervision. Results from focus groups confirmed that GPs' CBT skills had improved. Conclusions: Findings suggest that group supervision is a promising training model for psychiatry in primary care. Cognitive behaviour therapy should be replaced, however, with a briefer therapy model, such as brief CBT, better suited to a general practice environment. Future research needs to replicate these findings on a larger scale.

Nagler, PL, Cleverly, JR, Glenn, E, Lampkin, D, Huete, A & Zhengming, W 2005, 'Predicting riparian evapotranspiration from MODIS vegetation indices and meteorological data', Remote Sensing Of Environment, vol. 94, no. 1, pp. 17-30.
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A vegetation index (VI) model for predicting evapotranspiration (ET) from data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) on the EOS-1 Terra satellite and ground meteorological data was developed for riparian vegetation along the Middle Rio Grande River in New Mexico. Ground ET measurements obtained from eddy covariance towers at four riparian sites were correlated with MODIS VIs, MODIS land surface temperatures (LSTs), and ground micrometeorological data over four years. Sites included two saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima) and two Rio Grande cottonwood (Populus deltoides ssp. Wislizennii) dominated stands. The Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) was more closely correlated (r=0.76) with ET than the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI; r=0.68) for ET data combined over sites and species. Air temperature (Ta) measured over the canopy from towers was the meteorological variable that was most closely correlated with ET (r=0.82). MODIS LST data at 1- and 5-km resolutions were too coarse to accurately measure the radiant surface temperature within the narrow riparian corridor; hence, energy balance methods for estimating ET using MODIS LSTs were not successful. On the other hand, a multivariate regression equation for predicting ET from EVI and Ta had an r2=0.82 across sites, species, and years. The equation was similar to VIET models developed for crop species. The finding that ET predictions did not require species-specific equations is significant, inasmuch as these are mixed vegetation zones that cannot be easily mapped at the species level.

Nagler, PL, Glenn, E, Curtis, C, Hursh, K & Huete, A 2005, 'Vegetation Mapping For Change Detection On An Arid-Zone River', Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, vol. 109, no. 1-3, pp. 255-274.
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A vegetation mapping system for change detection was tested at the Havasu National Wildlife Refuge (HNWR) on the Lower Colorado River. A low-cost, aerial photomosaic of the 4200 ha, study area was constructed utilizing an automated digital camera system, supplemented with oblique photographs to aid in determining species composition and plant heights. Ground-truth plots showed high accuracy in distinguishing native cottonwood (Populus fremontii) and willow (Salix gooddingii) trees from other vegetation on aerial photos. Marsh vegetation (mainly cattails, Typha domengensis) was also easily identified. However, shrubby terrestrial vegetation, consisting of saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima), arrowweed (Pluchea sericea), and mesquite trees (Prosopis spp.), could not be accurately distinguished from each other and were combined into a single shrub layer on the final vegetation map. The final map took the form of a base, shrub and marsh layer, which was displayed as a Normalized Difference Vegetation Index map from a Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) image to show vegetation intensity.

Nagler, PL, Hinojosa-Huerta, O, Glenn, E, Garcia-Hernandez, J, Romo, R, Curtis, C, Huete, A & Nelson, SG 2005, 'Regeneration of Native Trees in the Presence of Invasive Saltcedar in the Colorado River Delta, Mexico', Conservation Biology, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 1842-1852.
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Many riparian zones in the Sonoran Desert have been altered by elimination of the normal flood regime; such changes to the flow regime have contributed to the spread of saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissma Ledeb.), an exotic, salt-tolerant shrub. It has been proposed that reestablishment of a natural flow regime on these rivers might permit passive restoration of native trees, without the need for aggressive saltcedar clearing programs. We tested this proposition in the Colorado River delta in Mexico, which has received a series of large-volume water releases from U.S. dams over the past 20 years. We mapped the vegetation of the delta riparian corridor through ground and aerial surveys (19992002) and satellite imagery (19922002) and related vegetation changes to river flood flows and fire events. Although saltcedar is still the dominant plant in the delta, native cottonwood ( Populus fremontii S. Wats.) and willow (Salix gooddingii C. Ball) trees have regenerated multiple times because of frequent flood releases from U.S. dams since 1981. Tree populations are young and dynamic (ages 510 years). The primary cause of tree mortality between floods is fire. Biomass in the floodplain, as measured by the normalized difference vegetation index on satellite images, responds positively even to low-volume (but long-duration) flood events. Our results support the hypothesis that restoration of a pulse flood regime will regenerate native riparian vegetation despite the presence of a dominant invasive species, but fire management will be necessary to allow mature tree stands to develop.

Nagler, PL, Scott, RL, Westenburg, C, Cleverly, JR, Glenn, E & Huete, A 2005, 'Evapotranspiration on western U.S. rivers estimated using the Enhanced Vegetation Index from MODIS and data from eddy covariance and Bowen ratio flux towers', Remote Sensing Of Environment, vol. 97, no. 3, pp. 337-351.
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We combined remote sensing and in-situ measurements to estimate evapotranspiration (ET) from riparian vegetation over large reaches of western U.S. rivers and ET by individual plant types. ET measured from nine flux towers (eddy covariance and Bowen ratio) established in plant communities dominated by five major plant types on the Middle Rio Grande, Upper San Pedro River, and Lower Colorado River was strongly correlated with Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) values from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) sensor on the NASA Terra satellite. The inclusion of maximum daily air temperatures (Ta) measured at the tower sites further improved this relationship. Sixteen-day composite values of EVI and Ta were combined to predict ET across species and tower sites (r2 = 0.74); the regression equation was used to scale ET for 20002004 over large river reaches with Ta from meteorological stations. Measured and estimated ET values for these river segments were moderate when compared to historical, and often indirect, estimates and ranged from 851874 mm yr- 1. ET of individual plant communities ranged more widely. Cottonwood (Populus spp.) and willow (Salix spp.) stands generally had the highest annual ET rates (11001300 mm yr- 1), while mesquite (Prosopis velutina) (4001100 mm yr- 1) and saltcedar (Tamarix ramosissima) (3001300 mm yr- 1) were intermediate, and giant sacaton (Sporobolus wrightii) (500800 mm yr- 1) and arrowweed (Pluchea sericea) (300700 mm yr- 1) were the lowest. ET rates estimated from the flux towers and by remote sensing in this study were much lower than values estimated for riparian water budgets using crop coefficient methods for the Middle Rio Grande and Lower Colorado River.

Needham, SA, Wang, G & Liu, H 2005, 'Electrochemical performance of SnSb and Sn/SnSb nanosize powders as anode materials in Li-ion cells', Journal Of Alloys And Compounds, vol. 400, pp. 234-238.
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nosized pure SnSb and SnSb with excess ductile Sn (referred to as Sn/SnSb) powders have been synthesised by careful reductive co-precipitation in NaBH4. Crystallite sizes for both powders measure in the 50100 nm range with particles agglomerating up to a few micrometers in pure SnSb powder and several tens of micrometers in the Sn/SnSb composite. Pristine powders were mixed separately with carbon black in order to improve dispersion and electronic conduction. Electrodes were constructed using the powders and tested as Li-ion half cell in order to measure the electrochemical performance. The energy storage capacity of electrodes improved in excess of 50% by increasing quantity of carbon black from 20 wt.% to 50 wt.%. Capacity fade over repeated charge and discharge cycles still remains a challenge to practical application of SnSb and Sn/SnSb alloy electrodes.

Ng, SH, Wang, J, Guo, ZP, Chen, J, Wang, G & Liu, HK 2005, 'Single wall carbon nanotube paper as anode for lithium-ion battery', Electrochimica Acta, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 23-28.
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Free-standing single wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) papers have been synthesised by simple filtration method via positive pressure. A conventional SWNT slurry coated electrode was fabricated to compare with the SWNT papers. The results show that the capacity of the Free-standing electrode was slightly lower than that of the conventional electrode, but the Free-standing electrode was produced without any binder, and metal substrate, so that the weight of electrode was reduced significantly. On the other hand, the procedures for SWNT electrode preparation were simplified, so the cost of the manufacturing could be reduced.

Nicholson, GM & Little, MJ 2005, 'Spider neurotoxins targeting voltage-gated sodium channels', Toxin Reviews, vol. 24, no. 38810, pp. 315-345.
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The voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channel is a target for a number of drugs, insecticides, and neurotoxins. These bind to at least seven identified neurotoxin binding sites and either block conductance or modulate sodium channel gating and/or kinetics. A nu

Novikov, A & Shiryaev, AN 2005, 'On an effective solution of the optimal stopping problem for random walks', Theory of Probability and its Applications, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 344-354.
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We find a solution of the optimal stopping problem for the case when a reward function is an integer function of a random walk on an infinite time interval. It is shown that an optimal stopping time is a first crossing time through a level defined as the largest root of Appell's polynomial associated with the maximum of the random walk. It is also shown that a value function of the optimal stopping problem on the finite interval {0, 1, ? , T} converges with an exponential rate as T approaches infinity to the limit under the assumption that jumps of the random walk are exponentially bounded

Novikov, A, Melchers, R, Shinjikashvili, E & Kordzakhia, N 2005, 'First passage time of filtered Poisson process with exponential shape function', Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 57-65.
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Solving some integro-differential equation we find the Laplace transform of the first passage time for filtered Poisson process generated by pulses with uniform or exponential distributions. Also, the martingale technique is applied for approximations of

Novo, EM, Ferreira, LG, Barbosa, C, Carvalho, C, Sano, EE, Shimabukuro, YE, Huete, A, Potter, C, ROBERTS, DA, HESS, LL, MELACK, JJ, Yoshioka, H, Klooster, S, Kumar, V, Myneni, RB, Ratana, P, Didan, K & Miura, T 2005, 'Advanced remote sensing techniques for global changes and Amazon ecosystem functioning studies', Acta Amazonica, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 259-272.
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This paper aims to assess the contribution of remote sensing technology in addressing key questions raised by the Large Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA). The answers to these questions foster the knowledge on the climatic, biogechemical and hydrologic functioning of the Amazon, as well as on the impact of human activities at regional and global scales. Remote sensing methods allow integrating information on several processes at different temporal and spatial scales. By doing so, it is possible to perceive hidden relations among processes and structures, enhancing their teleconnections. Key advances in the remote sensing science are summarized in this article, which is particularly focused on information that would not be possible to be retrieved without the concurrence of this technology

Nowak, D, Florek, M, Nowak, J, Kwiatek, W, Lekki, J, Zieba, E, Romero, PG, Ben-Nissan, B & Kuczumow, A 2005, 'Micro-spectrometric investigations of inorganic components of the black corals for biomedical applications', Key Engineering Materials, vol. 284-286, no. 1, pp. 297-300.
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The distribution of about twenty inorganic elements was traced in the skeletons of black corals of the Anipathes salix species. Electron microprobe and PIXE mappings revealed the peculiar structure of this material, composed of the large cells (arranged in annual rings) surrounded by thin layers with an elevated level of iodine (up to 5%). Our current knowledge of the chemical composition of these corals' skeleton is not complete. Essentially the organic skeleton is saturated with inorganic elements and several of these could be comercially important. In fact, they have never been investigated for biomedical applications. In the preliminary current work, black corals from the Antipathes salix species were studied with the aim of detecting the inorganic components of their matrix and their suitability as biomedical materials.

Oliver, SN, Van Dongen, JT, Alfred, SC, Mamun, EA, Zhao, XC, Saini, HS, Fernandes, SF, Blanchard, CL, Sutton, BG, Geigenberger, P, Dennis, ES & Dolferus, R 2005, 'Cold-induced repression of the rice anther-specific cell wall invertase gene OSINV4 is correlated with sucrose accumulation and pollen sterility', PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT, vol. 28, no. 12, pp. 1534-1551.
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Ollendick, TH 2005, 'Evidence-based parent and family interventions in school psychology: A commentary', School Psychology Quarterly, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 512-517.
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O'Meara, TJ, Sercombe, JK, Morgan, G, Reddel, HK, Xuan, W & Tovey, ER 2005, 'The reduction of rhinitis symptoms by nasal filters during natural exposure to ragweed and grass pollen.', Allergy, vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 529-532.
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BACKGROUND: Prototype nasal filters were developed to collect inhaled pollen. This study evaluated the efficacy of the filters for prevention of rhinitis symptoms during acute outdoor pollen exposure. METHODS: A randomized double-blind design was used. Subjects (n=46) with a history of autumn exacerbation of rhinitis and positive skin test to ragweed, Bermuda and/or Bahia grass wore either active or placebo nasal filters for 2 h in autumn in a park containing these species. Major and Total Symptoms scores were recorded at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. RESULTS: Subjects wearing active nasal filters had significantly reduced scores, at all time-points compared with placebo group (all P <0.05). Of 14 individual symptoms measured, seven were significantly reduced (number of sneezes, runny nose, itchy nose, sniffles, itchy throat; itchy eyes and watery eyes) and another three showed a trend towards lower severity. The nasal filters also enabled the resolution of existing symptoms. Maximal difference in symptoms was seen immediately after subjects had spent 20 min sitting beside a large patch of ragweed. CONCLUSION: This is the first clinical trial of a nasal filter. The results suggest it has potential for enhancing rhinitis management during acute allergen exposure.

Oren, A, Pri-El, N, Shapiro, O & Siboni, N 2005, 'Gas vesicles isolated from Halobacterium cells by lysis in hypotonic solution are structurally weakened', FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS, vol. 252, no. 2, pp. 337-341.
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Otway, R, Tetlow, N, Hornby, J, Doe, WF & Kohonen-Corish, MR 2005, 'Gene symbol: hMSH2. Disease: hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer.', Human genetics, vol. 118, no. 3-4, p. 546.

Otway, R, Tetlow, N, Hornby, J, Doe, WF & Kohonen-Corish, MR 2005, 'Gene symbol: MLH1. Disease: Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer.', Human genetics, vol. 116, no. 6, p. 534.

Otway, R, Tetlow, N, Hornby, J, Doe, WF & Kohonen-Corish, MR 2005, 'Gene symbol: MLH1. Disease: Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer.', Human genetics, vol. 116, no. 6, p. 535.

Otway, R, Tetlow, N, Hornby, J, Doe, WF & Kohonen-Corish, MR 2005, 'Gene symbol: MSH2. Disease: Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer.', Human genetics, vol. 116, no. 6, p. 538.

Otway, R, Tetlow, N, Hornby, J, Doe, WF & Kohonen-Corish, MR 2005, 'Gene symbol: MSH2. Disease: Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer.', Human genetics, vol. 116, no. 6, p. 536.

Ozawa, K, Headlam, M, Mouradov, D, Watt, S, Beck, J, Rodgers, K, Dean, R, Huber, T, Otting, G & Dixon, N 2005, 'Translational incorporation of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine into proteins', FEBS Journal, vol. 272, no. 12, pp. 3162-3171.
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An Escherichia coli cell-free transcription/translation system was used to explore the high-level incorporation Of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) into proteins by replacing tyrosine with DOPA in the reaction mixtures. ESI-MS showed specific incorpor

Parker, D, Kennan, RA, Myers, GS, Paulsen, IT & Rood, JI 2005, 'Identification of a Dichelobacter nodosus ferric uptake regulator and determination of its regulatory targets', JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY, vol. 187, no. 1, pp. 366-375.
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Paulsen, IT, Press, CM, Ravel, J, Kobayashi, DY, Myers, GSA, Mavrodi, DV, DeBoy, RT, Seshadri, R, Ren, QH, Madupu, R, Dodson, RJ, Durkin, AS, Brinkac, LM, Daugherty, SC, Sullivan, SA, Rosovitz, MJ, Gwinn, ML, Zhou, LW, Schneider, DJ, Cartinhour, SW, Nelson, WC, Weidman, J, Watkins, K, Tran, K, Khouri, H, Pierson, EA, Pierson, LS, Thomashow, LS & Loper, JE 2005, 'Complete genome sequence of the plant commensal Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5', NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY, vol. 23, no. 7, pp. 873-878.
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Payne, GL, Reedy, BJ, Lennard, CJ, Comber, B, Exline, DL & Roux, CP 2005, 'A further study to investigate the detection and enhancement of latent fingerprints using visible absorption and luminescence chemical imaging', Forensic Science International, vol. 150, no. 1, pp. 33-51.
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This study investigated the application of chemical imaging to the detection of latent fingerprints using the Condor macroscopic chemical imaging system (ChemImage Corp., Pittsburgh, USA). Methods were developed and optimised for the visualisation of unt

Payne, GL, Wallace, Kunkel, CS, Reedy, BJ, Lennard, CJ, Schuler, RL, Exline, DL & Roux, CP 2005, 'Visible and near-infrared chemical imaging methods for the analysis of selected forensic samples', Talanta, vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 334-344.
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This study investigated various chemical imaging methods for the forensic analysis of paints, tapes and adhesives, inks and firearm propellants (absorption and photoluminescence in the UV-vis-NIR regions). Results obtained using chemical imaging technolo

Peceros, KE, Xu, X, Bulcock, SR & Cortie, MB 2005, 'Dipole-dipole plasmon interactions in gold-on-polystyrene composites', Journal Of Physical Chemistry B, vol. 109, no. 46, pp. 21516-21520.
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Red-shifting of the optical absorption spectra of aggregates of gold nanoparticles by dipole-dipole interactions is of considerable interest, both for theoretical reasons and because the phenomenon can be potentially exploited in various applications. A

Petrášek, Z, Schmitt, FJ, Theiss, C, Huyer, J, Chen, M, Larkum, A, Eichler, HJ, Kemnitz, K & Eckert, HJ 2005, 'Excitation energy transfer from phycobiliprotein to chlorophyll d in intact cells of Acaryochloris marina studied by time- and wavelength-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy', Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, vol. 4, no. 12, pp. 1016-1022.
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The fluorescence decay spectra and the excitation energy transfer from the phycobiliproteins (PBP) to the chlorophyll-antennae of intact cells of the chlorophyll (Chl) d-dominated cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina were investigated at 298 and 77 K by time- and wavelength-correlated single photon counting fluorescence spectroscopy. At 298 K it was found that (i) the fluorescence dynamics in A. marina is characterized by two emission peaks located at about 650 and 725 nm, (ii) the intensity of the 650 nm fluorescence depends strongly on the excitation wavelength, being high upon excitation of phycobiliprotein (PBP) at 632 nm but virtually absent upon excitation of chlorophyll at 430 nm, (iii) the 650 nm fluorescence band decayed predominantly with a lifetime of 70 ± 20 ps, (iv) the 725 nm fluorescence, which was observed independent of the excitation wavelength, can be described by a three-exponential decay kinetics with lifetimes depending on the open or the closed state (F0 or Fm) of the reaction centre of Photosystem II (PS II). Based on the results of this study, it is inferred that the excitation energy transfer from phycobiliproteins to Chl d of PS II in A. marina occurs with a time constant of about 70 ps, which is about three times faster than the energy transfer from the phycobilisomes to PS II in the Chl a-containing cyanobacterium Synechococcus 6301 (C. W. Mullineaux and A. R. Holzwarth, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1991, 68–78, 1098). A similar fast PBP to Chl d excitation energy transfer was also observed at 77 K. At 77 K a small long-lived fluorescence decay component with a lifetime of 14 ns was observed in the 640–700 nm spectral range. However, it has a rather featureless spectrum, not typical for Chl a, and was only observed upon excitation at 400 nm but not upon excitation at 632 and 654 nm. Thus, this long-lived fluorescence component cannot be used as an indicator that the primary PS II donor of Acaryochloris marina contains Chl a. © 2005 The Roya...

Pfeiffer, RM, Ryan, LM, Litonjua, A & Pee, D 2005, 'A case-cohort design for assessing covariate effects in longitudinal studies', Biometrics, vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 982-991.
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The case-cohort design for longitudinal data consists of a subcohort sampled at the beginning of the study that is followed repeatedly over time, and a case sample that is ascertained through the course of the study. Although some members in the subcohort may experience events over the study period, we refer to it as the "control-cohort." The case sample is a random sample of subjects not in the control-cohort, who have experienced at least one event during the study period. Different correlations among repeated observations on the same individual are accommodated by a two-level random-effects model. This design allows consistent estimation of all parameters estimable in a cohort design and is a cost-effective way to study the effects of covariates on repeated observations of relatively rare binary outcomes when exposure assessment is expensive. It is an extension of the case-cohort design (Prentice, 1986, Biornetrika 73, 1-11) and the bidirectional case-crossover design (Navidi, 1998, Biometrics 54, 596-605). A simulation study compares the efficiency of the longitudinal case-cohort design to a full cohort analysis, and we find that in certain situations up to 90% efficiency can be obtained with half the sample size required for a full cohort analysis. A bootstrap method is presented that permits testing for intra-subject homogeneity in the presence of unidentifiable nuisance parameters in the two-level random-effects model. As an illustration we apply the design to data from an ongoing study of childhood asthma.

Phongikaroon, S, Hoffmaster, R, Judd, KP, Smith, GB & Handler, RA 2005, 'Effect of temperature on the surface tension of soluble and insoluble Surfactants of hydrodynamical importance', JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA, vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 1602-1607.
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Platen, E 2005, 'An alternative interest rate term structure model', International Journal of Theoretical & Applied Finance, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 717-735.
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This paper proposes and alternative approach to the modeling of the interest rate twem structure. It suggests that the total market price for risk is an important factor that has to be modeled carefully. The growth optimal portfolio which is characterised by thie factor is used as reference unit or benchmark for obtaining a cosistent price system. Benchmarked derivative prices are tajen as conditional expectations of future bench-marked prices under the real world probability measure. The inverse of the squared total market price for risk is modeled as a square root process and shown to influence the medium and long term forward rates. With constant parameters and constant short rate the model already generates a hump shaped mean for the forward rate curve and other empirical features typically observed.

Platen, E 2005, 'Diversified portfolios with jumps in a benchmark framework', Asia-Pacific Financial Markets, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1-22.
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This paper considers diversified portfolios in a sequence of jump diffusion market models. Conditions for the approximation of the growth optimal portfolio (GOP) by diversified portfolios are provided. Under realistic assumptions, it is shown that diversified portfolios approximate GOP without requiring any major model specifications. This provides a basis for systematic use of diversified stock indices as proxies for the GOP in derivative pricing, risk management and portfolio optimisation

Platen, E 2005, 'On the role of the growth optimal portfolio in finance', Australian Economic Papers, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 365-388.
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The paper discusses various roles that the growth optimal portfolio (GOP) plays in finance. For the case of a continuous market we show how the GOP can be interpreted as a fundamental building block in financial market modelling, portfolio optimisation, contingent claim pricing and risk measurement. On the basis of aportfolio selection theorem, optimal portfolios are derived. These allocate funds into the GOP and the savings account. A risk aversion coefficient is introduced, controlling the amount invested in the savings account, which allows to characterise portfolio strategies that maximise expected utilities. Natural conditions are formulated under which the GOP appears as the market portfolio. derivation of the intertemporal capital asset pricving model is given without relying on Markovianity, equilibrium arguments or utility functions. Fair contingent claim pricing, with the GOP as numeraire portfolio, is shown to generalise risk neutral and actuarial pricing. Finally the GOPis described in various ways as the best performing portfolio.

Platen, E & Runggaldier, WJ 2005, 'A benchmark approach to filtering in finance', Asia-Pacific Financial Markets, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 79-105.
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The paper propsoed the use of the growth optimal portfolio for pricing and hedging in imcomplete markets when there are unobserved factors that have to be filtered. The proposed filtering framework is applicable also in cases when there does not exist an equivalent risk neutral martingale measure. The reduction of the variance of derivative prices for increasing degrees of available iformation is measured.

Platen, E & West, JM 2005, 'A fair pricing approach to weather derivatives', Asia-Pacific Financial Markets, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 23-53.
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This paper proposes a consistent approach to the pricing of weather derivatives. Since weather derivatives are traded in an incomplete market setting, standard hedging based pricing methods cannot be applied. The growth optimal portfolio, which is interpreted as a world stock index,is used as a benchmark or numeraire such that all benchmarked derivative price processes are martingales. No measure transformation is needed for the proposed fair paricing. For weather derivative payoffs that are independent of the value of the growth optimal portfolio, it is shown that the classical actuarial pricing methodology is a particular case of the fair pricing concepts. A discrete time model is constructed to approximate historical weather characteristics. The fair prices of some partuclar weather derivatives are derived using historical and Gaussian residuals. The question of weather risk as diversifiable risk is also discussed.

Pohlman, C, Nicotra, A & Murray, B 2005, 'Geographic range size, seedling ecophysiology and phenotypic plasticity in Australian Acacia species', Journal of Biogeography, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 341-351.
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The dergee to which eco-pysiological traits critical to seedling establishment are realted to differences in geographic range size among species is not well understood. Here, we first tested the idea that seedling eco-physiological attributes associated with establishments differ between narrowly distributed and geographically widespread plant species. Secondly, we tested the notion that species occupying wide geographic ranges have greater phenotypic plasticity in response to the environment than contrasted species withmore resticted distribution.

Pope, DT, Berry, DW & Langford, NK 2005, 'The practicality of adaptive phase estimation', OPTICS AND SPECTROSCOPY, vol. 99, no. 3, pp. 397-403.
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Pope, DT, Berry, DW & Langford, NK 2005, 'The practicality of adaptive phase estimation', Optika i Spektroskopiya, vol. 99, no. 3, pp. 416-422.
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Adaptive phase estimation is the process of estimating the phase of an electromagnetic field via a continually changing measurement. The measurement is varied in an attempt to optimise it at each moment. In this paper we show that adaptive phase estimation is more accurate than nonadaptive phase estimation for continuous beams of light, even when small time delays in the feedback are present.

Poulton, CG, Mueller, M & Freude, W 2005, 'Scattering from sidewall deformations in photonic crystals', Journal of the Optical Society of America B: Optical Physics, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 1211-1220.
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We present results from a new method for the solution of electromagnetic scattering from finite sets of two-dimensional cylinders exhibiting sidewall deformations. Our model treats the sidewall deviation as a small perturbation on a circle; the response of a single cylinder to an arbitrary external field can then be calculated, and the interactions between the cylinders can be computed with a multipole method. This leads to a series of model problems for successively higher asymptotic orders. Because most of the computation time is taken up with solving the original, unperturbed problem, a large number of additional types of perturbation can be examined at little extra numerical cost.

Qin, Z, Su, G, Yu, Q, Hu, B & Li, J 2005, 'Modeling water and carbon fluxes above summer maize field in North China Plain with back-propagation neural networks', Journal of Zhejiang University Science, vol. 6B, no. 5, pp. 418-426.
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In this work, datasets of water and carbon fluxes measured with eddy covariance technique above a summer maize field in the North China Plain were simulated with artificial neural networks (ANNs) to explore the fluxes responses to local environmental variables. The results showed that photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), air temperature (T) and leaf area index (LAI) were primary factors regulating both water vapor and carbon dioxide fluxes. Three-layer back-propagation neural networks (BP) could be applied to model fluxes exchange between cropland surface and atmosphere without using detailed physiological information or specific parameters of the plant.

Qin, Z, Su, GL, Yu, Q, Hu, BM & Li, J 2005, 'Modeling water and carbon fluxes above summer maize field in North China Plain with back-propagation neural networks', Journal of Zhejiang University: Science, vol. 6 B, no. 5, pp. 418-426.
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In this work, datasets of water and carbon fluxes measured with eddy covariance technique above a summer maize field in the North China Plain were simulated with artificial neural networks (ANNs) to explore the fluxes responses to local environmental variables. The results showed that photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), air temperature (T) and leaf area index (LAI) were primary factors regulating both water vapor and carbon dioxide fluxes. Three-layer back-propagation neural networks (BP) could be applied to model fluxes exchange between cropland surface and atmosphere without using detailed physiological information or specific parameters of the plant.

Qin, Z, Su, G-L, Yu, Q, Hu, B-M & Li, J 2005, 'Modeling water and carbon fluxes above summer maize field in North China Plain with back-propagation neural networks.', Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 418-426.
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In this work, datasets of water and carbon fluxes measured with eddy covariance technique above a summer maize field in the North China Plain were simulated with artificial neural networks (ANNs) to explore the fluxes responses to local environmental variables. The results showed that photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), air temperature (T) and leaf area index (LAI) were primary factors regulating both water vapor and carbon dioxide fluxes. Three-layer back-propagation neural networks (BP) could be applied to model fluxes exchange between cropland surface and atmosphere without using detailed physiological information or specific parameters of the plant.

Qin, Z, Yu, Q, Li, J, Wu, Z & Hu, B 2005, 'Application of least squares vector machines in modelling water vapor and carbon dioxide fluxes over a cropland', Journal of Zhejiang University Science, vol. 6B, no. 6, pp. 491-495.
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Least squares support vector machines (LS-SVMs), a nonlinear kemel based machine was introduced to investigate the prospects of application of this approach in modelling water vapor and carbon dioxide fluxes above a summer maize field using the dataset obtained in the North China Plain with eddy covariance technique. The performances of the LS-SVMs were compared to the corresponding models obtained with radial basis function (RBF) neural networks. The results indicated the trained LS-SVMs with a radial basis function kernel had satisfactory performance in modelling surface fluxes; its excellent approximation and generalization property shed new light on the study on complex processes in ecosystem.

Qin, Z, Yu, Q, Li, J, Wu, Z-Y & Hu, B-M 2005, 'Application of least squares vector machines in modelling water vapor and carbon dioxide fluxes over a cropland.', Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 491-495.
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Least squares support vector machines (LS-SVMs), a nonlinear kemel based machine was introduced to investigate the prospects of application of this approach in modelling water vapor and carbon dioxide fluxes above a summer maize field using the dataset obtained in the North China Plain with eddy covariance technique. The performances of the LS-SVMs were compared to the corresponding models obtained with radial basis function (RBF) neural networks. The results indicated the trained LS-SVMs with a radial basis function kernel had satisfactory performance in modelling surface fluxes; its excellent approximation and generalization property shed new light on the study on complex processes in ecosystem.

Qin, Z, Yu, Q, Xu, S, Hu, B, Sun, X, Liu, E, Wang, J, Yu, G & Zhu, Z 2005, 'Water, heat fluxes and water use efficiency measurement and modeling above a farmland in the North China Plain', Science in China Series D Earth Science, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 207-217.
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Abstract: Net radiation (Rn), water vapor flux (LE), sensible heat flux (Hs) and soil heat flux (G) were measured above a summer maize field with the eddy-covariance technique, simulation and analysis of water, heat fluxes and crop water use efficiency were made with the RZ-SHAW model at the same time in this study. The results revealed significant diurnal and seasonal variability of water vapor flux for summer maize. Most part of Rn was consumed by the evapotranspiration of the summer maize. The proportion of water vapor flux to net radiation ((LE/Rn) increased with the crop development and peaked around milk-filling stage with a value of 60%, a slightly lower than that obtained by the RZ-SHAW model. Daily evapotranspiration estimated by the model agreed with the results measured with the eddy-covariance technique, indices of agreement (IA) for hourly water vapor fluxes simulated and measured were above 0.75, root mean square errors (RMSE) were no more than 1.0. Diurnal patterns of Hs showed the shape of inverted "U" shifted to the forenoon with a maximum value around 11:30 (Beijing time), while LE exhibited an inverted "V" with a maximum value at around 13:00, about an hour later than Hs. Diurnal change of CO2 showed an asymmetrical "V" curve and its maximal rates occurred at about 11:30. Variations of water use efficiency during the phonological stages of the summer maize showed a rapid increase with the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) after sunrise, a state of equilibrium around 10:00 followed a decrease. Maximum values of water use efficiency were 24.3, and its average value ranged from 7.6 to 10.3 g kg-1.

Raevaara, TE, Korhonen, MK, Lohi, H, Hampel, H, Lynch, E, Lonnqvist, KE, Holinski-Feder, E, Sutter, C, McKinnon, W, Duraisamy, S, Gerdes, AM, Peltomaki, P, Kohonen-Corish, M, Mangold, E, Macrae, F, Greenblatt, M, de la Chapelle, A & Nystrom, M 2005, 'Functional significance and clinical phenotype of nontruncating mismatch repair variants of MLH1', GASTROENTEROLOGY, vol. 129, no. 2, pp. 537-549.
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Raevaara, TE, Korhonen, MK, Lohi, H, Hampel, H, Lynch, E, Lönnqvist, KE, Holinski-Feder, E, Sutter, C, McKinnon, W, Duraisamy, S, Gerdes, AM, Peltomäki, P, Kohonen-Corish, M, Mangold, E, Macrae, F, Greenblatt, M, De La Chapelle, A & Nyström, M 2005, 'Functional significance and clinical phenotype of nontruncating mismatch repair variants of MLH1', Gastroenterology, vol. 129, no. 2, pp. 537-549.
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Background & Aims: Germline mutations in mismatch repair genes are associated with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. A significant proportion of mutations are nontruncating and associated with a variability of clinical phenotype and microsatellite instability and with occasional presence of residual protein in tumor tissue that suggests impaired functional activity but not total lack of mismatch repair. To address pathogenic significance and mechanism of pathogenicity, we studied the functionality of 31 nontruncating MLH1 mutations found in clinically characterized colorectal cancer families and 3 other variations listed in a mutation database. Methods: Mutations constructed by site-directed mutagenesis were studied for protein expression/stability, subcellular localization, protein-protein interaction, and repair efficiency. The genetic and biochemical data were correlated with clinical data. Finally, comparative sequence analysis was performed to assess the value of sequence homology as a tool for predicting functional results. Results: Altogether, 22 mutations were pathogenic in more than one assay, 2 variants were impaired in one assay, and 10 variants acted like wild-type protein. Twenty of 34 mutations affected the quantity of MLH1 protein, whereas only 15 mainly amino-terminal mutations were defective in an in vitro repair assay. Comparative sequence analysis correctly predicted functional studies for 82% of variants. Conclusions: Pathogenic nontruncating alterations in MLH1 may interfere with different biochemical mechanisms but generally more than one. The severe biochemical defects are mirrored by phenotypic characteristics such as early age at onset and high microsatellite instability, whereas variants with no or mild defects in functionality are associated with variable clinical phenotypes. © 2005 by the American Gastroenterological Association.

Rahmani, A, Chaumet, PC, Sentenac, A & Bryant, GW 2005, 'Efficient computation of optical forces with the coupled dipole method', Physical Review E, vol. 72, no. 4, pp. 046708-46712.
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We present computational techniques to compute in an efficient way optical forces on arbitrary nanoobjects using the coupled dipole method. We show how the time of computation can be reduced by several orders of magnitude with the help of fast-Fourier-transform techniques. We also discuss the influence of different formulations of the electric polarizability of a small scatterer on the accuracy and robustness of the computation of optical forces.

Ralph, PJ & Gademann, R 2005, 'Rapid light curves: A powerful tool to assess photosynthetic activity', Aquatic Botany, vol. 82, no. 3, pp. 222-237.
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Rapid light curves provide detailed information on the saturation characteristics of electron transport, as well as the overall photosynthetic performance of a plant. Rapid light curves were collected from samples of Zostera marina grown under low and hi

Ralph, PJ, Larkum, A & Kuehl, M 2005, 'Temporal patterns in effective quantum yield of individual zooxanthellae expelled during bleaching', Journal Of Experimental Marine Biology And Ecology, vol. 316, no. 1, pp. 17-28.
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Bleaching is a worldwide phenomenon affecting coral reefs. During elevated temperature and light conditions (bleaching), expelled zooxanthellae show distinct patterns in photosynthetic health. An innovative new device was used to collect individual expel

Ralph, PJ, Macinnis-Ng, CM & Frankart, C 2005, 'Fluorescence imaging application: effect of leaf age on seagrass photokinetics', Aquatic Botany, vol. 81, no. 1, pp. 69-84.
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We used the Imaging-PAM fluorometer to map spatial variability of photosynthesis in three seagrass species, Halophila ovalis, Zostera capricorni and Posidonia australis. Photosynthesis was described by relative photosynthetic rate (PS/50), effective quan

Ralph, PJ, McMinn, A, Ryan, KG & Ashworth, C 2005, 'Short-term effect of temperature on the photokinetics of microalgae from the surface layers of Antarctic pack ice', Journal Of Phycology, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 763-769.
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Microalgae growing within brine channels (85 psu salinity) of the surface ice layers of Antarctic pack ice showed considerable photosynthetic tolerance to the extreme environmental condition. Brine microalgae exposed to temperatures above -5 degrees C an

Ralph, PJ, Schreiber, U, Gademann, R, Kuehl, M & Larkum, A 2005, 'Coral photobiology studied with a new imaging pulse amplitude modulated fluorometer', Journal Of Phycology, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 335-342.
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A new high-resolution imaging fluorometer (Imaging-PAM) was used to identify heterogeneity of photosynthetic activity across the surface of corals. Three species were examined: Acropora nobilis Dana (branching), Goniastrea australiensis Edwards A Haime (

Ramp, D, Caldwell, J, Edwards, K, Warton, D & Croft, DB 2005, 'Modelling of wildlife fatality hotspots along the snowy mountain highway in New South Wales, Australia', Biological Conservation, vol. 126, no. 4, pp. 474-490.
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The effects of roads on the natural environment is of growing concern world-wide and foremost amongst these effects are the fatalities of wildlife killed in collisions with vehicles. Aside from animal welfare and human safety considerations, fatalities m

Ramp, D, Russell, B & Croft, DB 2005, 'Predator scent induces differing responses in two sympatric macropodids', Australian Journal of Zoology, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 73-78.
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When prey species encounter the scent of a predator they must make a decision on how to respond. This may be either to ignore, flee, hide or alarm call. While many species are able to derive detailed information from the chemical cues associated with pre

Rasko, DA, Myers, GSA & Ravel, J 2005, 'Visualization of comparative genomic analyses by BLAST score ratio', BMC BIOINFORMATICS, vol. 6.
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Ratana, P, Huete, A & Ferreira, L 2005, 'Analysis of Cerrado Physiognomies and Conversion in the MODIS Seasonal - Temporal Domain', Earth Interactions, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 1-22.
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The cerrado biome in central Brazil is rapidly being converted into pasture and agricultural crops with important consequences for local and regional climate change and regional carbon fluxes between the atmosphere and land surface. Satellite remote sensing provides an opportunity to monitor the highly diverse and complex cerrado biome, encompassing grassland, shrubland, woodland and gallery forests, and converted areas. In this study, the potential of Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data is analyzed to discriminate among these diverse cerrado physiognomies and converted pastures based on their seasonal dynamics and phenology. Four years (200003) of MODIS 16-day composited, 250-m resolution vegetation index (VI) data were extracted over a series of biophysically sampled field study sites representing the major cerrado types. The temporal VI profiles over the cerrado formations exhibited high seasonal contrasts with a pronounced dry season from June to August and a wet growing season from November to March. The converted pasture areas showed the highest seasonal contrasts while the gallery forest formation had the lowest contrast. Seasonal VI variations were negatively correlated with woody canopy crown cover and provided a method to discriminate among converted cerrado areas, gallery forests, and the woody and herbaceous cerrado formations. The grassland and shrub cerrado formations, however, were difficult to separate based on their seasonal VI profiles. Maximum discrimination among the cerrado types occurred during the dry season where a positive linear relationship was found between VI and green cover. The annual integrated VI values showed the gallery forests and cerrado woodland as having the highest, and hence most annual productivity, while the more herbaceous shrub and grassland cerrado types were least productive.

Real, G, Autret, S, Harry, L, Errington, J & Henriques, AO 2005, 'Cell division protein DivIB influences the Spo0J/Soj system of chromosome segregation in Bacillus subtilis', Molecular Microbiology, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 349-367.
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The initiation of the developmental process of sporulation in the rod-shaped bacterium Bacillus subtilis involves the activation of the Spo0A response regulator. Spo0A then drives the switch in the site of division septum formation from midcell to a polar position. Activated Spo0A is required for the transcription of key sporulation loci such as spoIIG, which are negatively regulated by the Soj protein. The transcriptional repressing activity of Soj is antagonized by Spo0J, and both proteins belong to the well-conserved Par family of partitioning proteins. Soj has been shown to jump from nucleoid to nucleoid via the cell pole. The dynamic behaviour of Soj is somehow controlled by Spo0J, which prevents the static association of Soj with the nucleoid, and presumably its transcriptional repression activity. Soj in turn is required for the proper condensation of Spo0J foci around the oriC region. The asymmetric partitioning of the sporangial cell requires DivIB and other proteins involved in vegetative (medial) division. We describe an allele of the cell division gene divIB (divIB80) that reduces the cellular levels of DivIB, and affects nucleoid structure and segregation in growing cells, yet has no major impact on cell division. In divIB80 cells Spo0J foci are not correctly condensed and Soj associates statically with the nucleoid. The divIB80 allele prevents transcription of spoIIG, and arrests sporulation prior to the formation of the asymmetric division septum. The defect in Spo0A-dependent gene expression, and the Spo- phenotype can be suppressed by expression of divIB in trans or by deletion of the soj-spo0J locus. However, deletion of the spo0J-soj region does not restore the normal cellular levels of DivIB. Therefore, the reduced levels of DivIB in the divIB80 mutant are sufficient for efficient cell division, but not to sustain a second, earlier function of DivIB related to the activity of the Spo0J/Soj system of chromosome segregation.

Reimers, JR, Cai, Z & Hush, N 2005, 'A Priori Evaluation Of The Solvent Contribution To The Reorganization Energy Accompanying Intramolecular Electron Transfer: Predicting The Nature Of The Creutz-Taube Ion', Chemical Physics, vol. 319, no. 1-Mar, pp. 39-51.
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Ren, B, O'Brien, B, Swan, MA & Simpson, AM 2005, 'In vivo delivery of the human insulin gene results in long-term reversal of streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes in rats', Journal Of Gene Medicine, vol. 7, no. 8, pp. 1124-1124.
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Reshef, A, Barash, M, Gallili, N, Michael, A & Brauner, P 2005, 'The use of acid phosphatase test papers for DNA profiling', SCIENCE & JUSTICE, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 97-102.
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Rice, SA, Koh, K, Queck, S, Labbate, M, Lam, K & Kjelleberg, SL 2005, 'Biofilm formation and sloughing in Serratia marcescens is controlled by quorum sensing and nutrient conditions', Journal Of Bacteriology, vol. 187, no. 10, pp. 3477-3485.
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We describe here a role for quorum sensing in the detachment, or sloughing, of Serratia marcescens filamentous biofilms, and we show that nutrient conditions affect the biofilm morphotype. Under reduced carbon or nitrogen conditions, S. marcescens formed a classical biofilm consisting of microcolonies. The filamentous biofilm could be converted to a microcolony-type biofilm by switching the medium after establishment of the biofilm. Similarly, when initially grown as a microcolony biofilm, S. marcescens could be converted back to a filamentous biofilm by increasing the nutrient composition. Under high-nutrient conditions, an N-acyl homoserine lactone quorum-sensing mutant formed biofilms that were indistinguishable from the wild-type biofilms. Similarly, other quorum-sensing-dependent behaviors, such as swarming motility, could be rendered quorum sensing independent by manipulating the growth medium. Quorum sensing was also found to be involved in the sloughing of the filamentous biofilm. The biofilm formed by the bacterium consistently sloughed from the substratum after approximately 75 to 80 h of development.

Rice, SA, McDougald, D, Kumar, N & Kjelleberg, S 2005, 'The use of quorum-sensing blockers as therapeutic agents for the control of biofilm-associated infections', Current Opinion in Investigational Drugs, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 178-184.
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The development of novel antimicrobial compounds is required to treat the growing number of infections where antibiotic resistance is a serious threat, especially in situations where biofilms are involved. Antibiotic resistance is the result of two factors: first, through the development of specific antibiotic resistance, due to either mutation or the acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes; and second, by the innate tolerance of bacterial biofilms. Bacterial control, through the inhibition of bacterial cell-cell communication systems which are involved in the regulation of virulence factor production, host colonization, and biofilm formation, is discussed in this review. Specifically, this review presents current studies on the development of quorum-sensing inhibitors for the control of bacterial infections. © The Thomson Corporation.

Roach, DR, Briscoe, H, Saunders, BA & Britton, WJ 2005, 'Independent protective effects for tumor necrosis factor and lymphotoxin alpha in the host response to Listeria monocytogenes infection', INFECTION AND IMMUNITY, vol. 73, no. 8, pp. 4787-4792.
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Rodriguez-Lanetty, M, Scaramuzzi, C, Quinnell, RG & Larkum, AWD 2005, 'Transport of symbiotic zooxanthellae in mesogleal canals of Zoanthus robustus?', Coral Reefs, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 195-196.
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Rungis, D, Llewellyn, D, Dennis, ES & Lyon, BR 2005, 'Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers reveal low levels of polymorphism between cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars', AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, vol. 56, no. 3, pp. 301-307.
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Sánchez, BN, Budtz-Jørgensen, E, Ryan, LM & Hu, H 2005, 'Structural equation models: A review with applications to environmental epidemiology', Journal of the American Statistical Association, vol. 100, no. 472, pp. 1443-1455.
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Structural equation models (SEMs) have been discussed extensively in the psychometrics and quantitative behavioral sciences literature. However, many statisticians and researchers in other areas of application are relatively unfamiliar with their implementation. Here we review some of the SEM literature and describe basic methods, using examples from environmental epidemiology. We make connections to recent work on latent variable models for multivariate outcomes and to measurement error methods, and discuss advantages and disadvantages of SEMs compared with traditional regressions. We give a detailed example in which two models fit the same data well, yet one is physiologically implausible. This underscores the critical role of subject matter knowledge in the successful implementation of SEMs. A brief discussion on open research areas is included.

Sader, M, McGrath, KC, Hill, M, Bradstock, K, Jimenez, M, Handelsman, D, Celermajer, DS & Heather, AK 2005, 'Androgen receptor gene expression in leucocytes is hormonally regulated: implications for gender differences in disease pathogenesis', Clinical Endocrinology, vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 56-63.
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There is evidence that male sex hormones influence the rate of progression of inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases. We have previously shown that human leucocytes and arterial cells isolated from male donors express more androgen receptor (AR) than t

Salganik, MP, Hardie, DL, Swart, B, Dandie, GW, Zola, H, Shaw, S, Shapiro, H, Tinckam, K, Milford, EL & Wand, M 2005, 'Detecting antibodies with similar reactivity patterns in the HLDA8 blind panel of flow cytometry data', Journal Of Immunological Methods, vol. 305, no. 1, pp. 67-74.
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The blind panel collected for the 8th Human Leucocyte Differentiation Antigens Workshop (HLDA8; http://www.hlda8.org) included 49 antibodies of known CD specificities and 76 antibodies of unknown specificity. We have identified groups of antibodies showing similar patterns of reactivity that need to be investigated by biochemical methods to evaluate whether the antibodies within these groups are reacting with the same molecule. Our approach to data analysis was based on the work of Salganik et al. (in press) [Salganik, M.P., Milford E.L., Hardie D.L., Shaw, S., Wand, M.P., in press. Classifying antibodies using flow cytometry data: class prediction and class discovery

Salganik, MP, Milford, EL, Hardie, DL, Shaw, S & Wand, M 2005, 'Classifying antibodies using flow cytometry data: class prediction and class discovery', Biometrical Journal, vol. 47, no. 5, pp. 740-754.
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Classifying monoclonal antibodies, based on the similarity of their binding to the proteins (antigens) on the surface of blood cells, is essential for progress in immunology, hematology and clinical medicine. The collaborative efforts of researchers from many countries have led to the classification of thousands of antibodies into 247 clusters of differentiation (CD). Classification is based on flow cytometry and biochemical data. In preliminary classifications of antibodies based on flow cytometry data, the object requiring classification (an antibody) is described by a set of random samples from unknown densities of fluorescence intensity. An individual sample is collected in the experiment, where a population of cells of a certain type is stained by the identical fluorescently marked replicates of the antibody of interest. Samples are collected for multiple cell types. The classification problems of interest include identifying new CDs (class discovery or unsupervised learning) and assigning new antibodies to the known CD clusters (class prediction or supervised learning). These problems have attracted limited attention from statisticians. We recommend a novel approach to the classification process in which a computer algorithm suggests to the analyst the subset of the most appropriate classifications of an antibody in class prediction problems or the most similar pairs/groups of antibodies in class discovery problems. The suggested algorithm speeds up the analysis of a flow cytometry data by a factor 1020. This allows the analyst to focus on the interpretation of the automatically suggested preliminary classification solutions and on planning the subsequent biochemical experiments

Sanchez-Camara, J, Booth, DJ & Turon, X 2005, 'Reproductive cycle and growth of Phyllopteryx taeniolatus', Journal Of Fish Biology, vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 133-148.
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In this study, 36 males, 33 females and 15 juveniles of the common or weedy seadragon Phyllopteryx taeniolatus, a syngnathid fish endemic to the waters of southern Australia, were identified using visual implant fluorescent elastomer tags and pattern of

Sanchez-Camara, J, Booth, DJ & Turon, X 2005, 'Reproductive cycle and growth of Phyllopteryx taeniolatus', JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY, vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 133-148.
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Sano, EE, Ferreira, LG & Huete, A 2005, 'Synthetic Aperture Radar (L band) and Optical Vegetation Indices for Discriminating the Brazilian Savanna Physiognomies: A Comparative Analysis', Earth Interactions, vol. 9, no. 15, pp. 1-15.
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The all-weather capability, signal independence to the solar illumination angle, and response to 3D vegetation structures are the highlights of active radar systems for natural vegetation mapping and monitoring. However, they may present significant soil background effects. This study addresses a comparative analysis of the performance of L-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data and optical vegetation indices (VIs) for discriminating the Brazilian cerrado physiognomies. The study area was the Brasilia National Park, Brazil, one of the test sites of the Large-Scale BiosphereAtmosphere (LBA) experiment in Amazonia. Seasonal Japanese Earth Resources Satellite-1 (JERS-1) SAR backscatter coefficients (?°) were compared with two vegetation indices [normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and enhanced vegetation index (EVI)] over the five most dominant cerrados physiognomies plus gallery forest. In contrast to the VIs, ?° from dry and wet seasons did not change significantly, indicating primary response to vegetation structures. Discriminant analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed an overall higher performance of radar data. However, when both SAR and VIs are combined, the discrimination capability increased significantly, indicating that the fusion of the optical and radar backscatter observations provides overall improved classifications of the cerrado types. In addition, VIs showed good performance for monitoring the cerrado dynamics.

Sastraruji, T, Jatisatienr, A, Pyne, SG, Ung, AT, Lie, W & Williams, MC 2005, 'Phytochemical Studies on Stemona Plants: Isolation of Stemofoline Alkaloids', Journal of Natural Products, vol. 68, no. 12, pp. 1763-1767.
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Six new stemofoline alkaloids, (2¢R)-hydroxystemofoline (5), (3¢R)-stemofolenol (6), (3¢S)-stemofolenol (7),1¢,2¢-didehydrostemofoline-N-oxide (8), the first C19 stemofoline alkaloid, methylstemofoline (9), and the first glycosidated Stemona alkaloid, stemofolinoside (10), and three known alkaloids, (2¢S)-hydroxystemofoline (2), (11Z)-1¢,2¢-didehydrostemofoline (3), and (11E)-1¢,2¢-didehydrostemofoline (4), have been isolated from a root extract of an unidentified Stemona species. The structure and relative configuration of these new alkaloids have been determined by spectral data interpretation and from semisynthetic studies.

Saunders, BM, Tran, S, Ruuls, S, Sedgwick, JD, Briscoe, H & Britton, WJ 2005, 'Transmembrane TNF is sufficient to initiate cell migration and granuloma formation and provide acute, but not long-term, control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection', JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, vol. 174, no. 8, pp. 4852-4859.
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Schelm, S & Smith, G 2005, 'Evaluation of the limits of resonance tunability in metallic nanoshells with a spectral averaging method', Journal of the Optical Society of America A: Optics Image Science and Vision, vol. 22, no. 7, pp. 1288-1292.
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Spectral selectivity based on tuning the surface plasmon resonance in metallic nanoshells by variation of the relative shell thickness is shown to be limited by the interplay between scattering and absorption. To achieve resonance energies in the near infrared and infrared, relatively large cores are needed, which lead to strong and broad scattering bands and multipolar contributions in the visible.

Schelm, S & Smith, G 2005, 'Internal electric field densities of metal nanoshells', Journal Of Physical Chemistry B, vol. 109, no. 5, pp. 1689-1694.
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The internal field patterns for gold shells filled with the same material as the surrounding medium are calculated with Mie theory and in the quasistatic approximation and their properties compared to the response of homogeneous spheres and metallic ring

Schelm, S, Smith, GB, Garrett, PD & Fisher, WK 2005, 'Tuning the surface-plasmon resonance in nanoparticles for glazing applications', JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, vol. 97, no. 12.
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Schiemer, C, Lennard, C, Maynard, P & Roux, C 2005, 'Evaluation of techniques for the detection and enhancement of latent fingermarks on black electrical tape', Journal of Forensic Identification, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 214-238.
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This study investigated a selection of methods to detect latent fingermarks on black electrical tapes. Subsequently, a sequence of techniques was developed and is suggested as a standard operating procedure. Different formulations of white and silver powder suspensions were developed by comparing Citron detergent and Kodak Photo-Flo as the surfactant in the suspension. A mixture of both surfactants in the suspensions repeatedly produced greater fingerprint development on the adhesive side compared to using either one on its own. Two techniques consistently performed to a higher standard for both fresh and aged marks on the adhesive side: cyanoacrylate followed by a combined basic yellow 40/basic red 28 stain and the white powder suspension. The contrast, sharpness, ridge detail, and simplicity of preparation and application achieved with both of these techniques made them superior to the other methods tested. The sequence that proved successful on the adhesive side of all tapes tested involved cyanoacrylate fuming and application of a fluorescent stain, followed by white powder suspension, and finally gentian violet with a transfer of developed marks if necessary. This sequence allowed maximum development and the greatest enhancement of latent marks, without causing the destruction of the deposit for subsequent methods. Latent fingermarks on the backing (nonadhesive side) of the electrical tape were also successfully developed with cyanoacrylate and the fluorescent stain, so treatment of the backing could be incorporated into the sequence.

Schiemer, CE, Lennard, CJ, Maynard, PJ & Roux, CP 2005, 'Evaluation of techniques for the detection and enhancement of latent fingermarks on black electrical tape', Journal of Forensic Identification, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 215-236.
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NA

Schulte, J & Dutta, J 2005, 'Nanotechnology in environmental protection and pollution', SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS, vol. 6, no. 3-4, pp. 219-220.
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Schuster, SS, Blong, RJ & Speer, MS 2005, 'A hail climatology of the greater Sydney area and New South Wales, Australia', International Journal of Climatology, vol. 25, no. 12, pp. 1633-1650.
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The first in-depth hail climatology for the state of New South Wales (NSW), Australia, based on reports of hailstones front 1791 to 2003, is described. The Australian Bureau of Meteorology's severe weather database is extended with a detailed compilation of scientific and newspaper accounts of hail fall for the greater Sydney area for the period 1805 to 1998. Owing to its high exposure to thunderstorm and hail by virtue of population and building density, the greater Sydney area is the focus of the database. Comparisons are drawn between Sydney and the rest of NSW, and between coastal and inland areas of the state. Over the study period, a total of 1570 thunderstorms produced hail. On average, 10 hailstorms per year were recorded in Sydney in the last 50 years. However, there is a statistically significant decrease in the hailstorm frequency during the last 14 years compared with the preceding 36 years. The magnitude of hailstorms, as measured by reports of estimated hailstone size, revealed an average maximum hailstone size per storm that ranged from 3.8 to 4.0 cm for different regions. Hailstorms occur most frequently between October and February (Australian spring and summer) in NSW, with peak activity in November and December. The hail season in Sydney begins 2 months earlier (August to February). However, during the last 14 years there has been a shift to November to March. The majority of NSW hailstorms occur during the late afternoon between 3pm and 7pm, with hailstorms in Sydney occurring about 1 h earlier. The most active hail fall regions are located in the Bureau of Meteorology's northern NSW weather forecast districts of the Northern Tablelands, Northern Rivers and parts of the Northwest Slopes. In Sydney, the most hail-prone suburbs are concentrated over the most densely populated areas and corridors. Copyright ©2005 Royal Meteorological Society.

Scott, K, Butcher, A, Wintrebert-Fouquet, M, Chen, P, Wuhrer, R & Phillips, M 2005, 'Revisiting electrochromism in InN', Physica Status Solidi C, vol. 2, no. 7, pp. 2293-2296.
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We confirm changes to the band-gap of InN thin films treated in an electrochemical cell in which water ebetrolysis is evident. Electrical properties of the films were also affected. It is suggested fhat the change in the film resistivity results from hydrogen incorporation or removal during the electrolysis (dependent on sample polarity). The presence of grain boundaries is believed to enhance the penetration of chemical species into the InN resulting in a greater net change in the observed properties.

Scott, K, Butcher, KS, Wintrebert-Fouquet, M, Chen, P, Prince, C, Timmers, H, Shrestha, S, Shubina, T, Ivanov, S, Wuhrer, R, Phillips, M & Monemar, B 2005, 'Non-stoichiometry and non-homogeneity in InN', Physica Status Solidi C, vol. 2, no. 7, pp. 2263-2266.
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It is shown that the wide variation of apparent band-gap observed for thin films nominally referred to as InN is strongly influenced by variations in the nitrogen:indium stoichiometry. inN samples grown by remote plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition show a change in band-gap between 1.8 and 1.0eV that is not due to the Moss-Burstein effetc, oxygen inclusion or quantumn size effects, but for which changes in the growth temperature result in a strong change in stoichiometry. Material non-homogeneity and non-stoichiometry appear to be general rpoblems for inN growth. Excess nitrogen can be present at very high levels and indium rich materials is also found. This work shwos that the extent of the Moss-Burstein effects will have to be reassessed for InN.

Sedger, LM 2005, 'Viral inhibition of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and TNF-receptor induced apoptosis and inflammation', Current Medicinal Chemistry: Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Allergy Agents, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 597-615.
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Apoptotic cell death can be triggered by death-inducing cytokines such and TNFα, Fas Ligand, and TRAIL, and death-receptors TNF-Rs, Fas, and TRAIL-Rs, or by mitochondrial-sensed events. The biochemical signalling pathways that lead from death receptors or mitochondria to the degradation of DNA and apoptotic cell death are well-characterized. Furthermore, it is clear that apoptotic cell death is important for the normal biology in all organisms. Apoptotic cell death is equally important in the context of virus infection such that the induction of apoptosis appears to be a generalised innate response to the insult of virus infection. As a consequence, viral-mediated regulation of apoptosis is crucial for the successful replication and survival of most viruses. For this reason viruses have evolved multiple strategies to subvert the apoptotic response. This review summarises the mechanisms by which viral gene products inhibit the production of TNFα, the interaction between TNFα and TNF-Rs, the expression of TNF-Rs, and inhibit virtually all aspects of TNF-R signalling, including TNF-R-mediated apoptosis and TNF-R-mediated proliferation and inflammation. Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Allergy Agents (2005). In press. © 2005 Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.

Seymour, JR, Seuront, L & Mitchell, JG 2005, 'Microscale and small scale temporal dynamics of a coastal planktonic microbial community', Marine Ecology Progress Series, vol. 300, pp. 21-37.
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The temporal dynamics of heterotrophic bacteria and Synechococcus-type cyanobacteria communities were studied in a coastal habitat characterised by strong hydrodynamic variability using 10 s (microscale) and 30 min (small-scale) sampling intervals. Flow cytometric analysis allowed for the discrimination of 3 populations of heterotrophic bacteria and the examination of the Synechococcus cell cycle. During the 11 h small-scale study, 2-fold changes in the total abundance of both the bacterial and Synechococcus communities were observed, and clear temporal patterns in the abundance, activity and cellular state of the 2 populations were evident. Cumulative sum analysis further revealed distinct periods and trends in the temporal dynamics of the bacterial and Synechococcus communities. Shifts in the abundance of all heterotrophic bacterial populations were significantly correlated to turbulent energy dissipation. No such correlation was evident for the Synechococcus population, which instead appeared to follow a diel cell cycle very similar in nature to patterns observed in other environments. In 2 microscale studies, conducted during dissimilar hydrodynamic conditions, approx. 2-fold shifts in the abundance of the bacterial and Synechococcus populations were also observed. Microscale temporal patterns were dominated by localised variability and the existence of hotspots in abundance and activity, although cumulative sum analysis also revealed more general trends, sometimes occurring over periods of several minutes.

Shabanov, NV, Huang, D, Yang, W, Tan, B, Knyazikhin, Y, Myneni, RB, Ahl, DE, Gower, ST, Huete, A, Aragao, LE & Shimabukuro, YE 2005, 'Analysis and Optimization of the MODIS Leaf Area Index Algorithm Retrievals Over Broadleaf Forests', IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol. 43, no. 8, pp. 1855-1865.
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Broadleaf forest is a major type of Earth's land cover with the highest observable vegetation density. Retrievals of biophysical parameters, such as leaf area index (LAI), of broadleaf forests at global scale constitute a major challenge to modern remote sensing techniques in view of low sensitivity (saturation) of surface reflectances to such parameters over dense vegetation. The goal of the performed research is to demonstrate physical principles of LAI retrievals over broadleaf forests with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LAI algorithm and to establish a basis for algorithm refinement. To sample natural variability in biophysical parameters of broadleaf forests, we selected MODIS data subsets covering deciduous broadleaf forests of the eastern part of North America and evergreen broadleaf forests of Amazonia. The analysis of an annual course of the Terra MODIS Collection 4 LAI product over broadleaf forests indicated a low portion of best quality main radiative transfer-based algorithm retrievals and dominance of low-reliable backup algorithm retrievals during the growing season.

Sharma, R, von Haehling, S, Rauchhaus, M, Bolger, AP, Genth-Zotz, S, Doehner, W, Oliver, B, Poole-Wilson, PA, Volk, HD, Coats, AJS, Adcock, IM & Anker, SD 2005, 'Whole blood endotoxin responsiveness in patients with chronic heart failure: the importance of serum lipoproteins', EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 479-484.
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Shine, R, Webb, JK, Lane, A & Mason, RT 2005, 'Mate location tactics in garter snakes: effects of rival males, interrupted trails and non-pheromonal cues', Functional Ecology, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 1017-1024.
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The ability to follow substrate-deposited scent trails using sophisticated vomeronasal abilities is a key feature of snake biology. However, previous research on this topic has derived mostly from a highly artificial test situation: captive snakes following continuous trails over structurally simple homogeneous substrates, in the absence of any other cues (e.g. visual or olfactory) either from the target of that search or from other snakes.

Silverman, WK & Ollendick, TH 2005, 'Evidence-based assessment of anxiety and its disorders in children and adolescents', Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 380-411.
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We provide an overview of where the field currently stands when it comes to having evidence-based methods and instruments available for use in assessing anxiety and its disorders in children and adolescents. Methods covered include diagnostic interview schedules, rating scales, observations, and self-monitoring forms. We also discuss the main purposes or goals of assessment and indicate which methods and instruments have the most evidence for accomplishing these goals. We also focus on several specific issues that need continued research attention for the field to move forward toward an evidence-based assessment approach. Finally, tentative recommendations are made for conducting an evidence-based assessment for anxiety and its disorders in children and adolescents. Directions for future research also are discussed. Copyright © 2005 by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.

Simon, P, Cibulkova, Z & Thomas, P 2005, 'Accelerated thermooxidative ageing tests and their extrapolation to lower temperatures', Journal Of Thermal Analysis And Calorimetry, vol. 80, no. 2, pp. 381-385.
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A procedure for the extrapolation of accelerated thermo-oxidative ageing tests to lower temperatures is proposed. The procedure involves a deconvolution of the global process into high- and low-temperature components where the extrapolation to low temper

Sinha, S, Mukherjee, B, Ghosh, M, Mallick, BK & Carroll, RJ 2005, 'Semiparametric Bayesian analysis of matched case-control studies with missing exposure', JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION, vol. 100, no. 470, pp. 591-601.
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Smith, DJ, Suggett, DJ & Baker, NR 2005, 'Is photoinhibition of zooxanthellae photosynthesis the primary cause of thermal bleaching in corals?', Global Change Biology, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1-11.
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The bleaching of corals in response to increases in temperature has resulted in significant coral reef degradation in many tropical marine ecosystems. This bleaching has frequently been attributed to photoinhibition of photosynthetic electron transport a

Solina, DM, Cheary, RW, Kalceff, W & McCredie, G 2005, 'X-ray reflectivity study of radio frequency sputtered silicon oxide on silicon', Thin Solid Films, vol. 489, no. 1-2, pp. 37-41.
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An X-ray reflectivity study carried out on 45-450 angstrom films of radio frequency sputtered silicon oxide on silicon, with particular attention given to the interface between film and substrate. In order to model refectivity data it was necessary to in

Solomon, G, Reimers, JR & Hush, N 2005, 'Overcoming Computational Uncertainties To Reveal Chemical Sensitivity In Single Molecule Conduction Calculations', Journal Of Chemical Physics, vol. 122, no. 22.
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Spence, A & Poulton, CG 2005, 'Photonic band structure calculations using nonlinear eigenvalue techniques', Journal of Computational Physics, vol. 204, no. 1, pp. 65-81.
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This paper considers the numerical computation of the photonic band structure of periodic materials such as photonic crystals. This calculation involves the solution of a Hermitian nonlinear eigenvalue problem. Numerical methods for nonlinear eigenvalue problems are usually based on Newtons method or are extensions of techniques for the standard eigenvalue problem. We present a new variation on existing methods which has its derivation in methods for bifurcation problems, where bordered matrices are used to compute critical points in singular systems. This new approach has several advantages over the current methods. First, in our numerical calculations the new variation is more robust than existing techniques, having a larger domain of convergence. Second, the linear systems remain Hermitian and are nonsingular as the method converges. Third, the approach provides an elegant and efficient way of both thinking about the problem and organising the computer solution so that only one linear system needs to be factorised at each stage in the solution process. Finally, first- and higher-order derivatives are calculated as a natural extension of the basic method, and this has advantages in the electromagnetic problem discussed here, where the band structure is plotted as a set of paths in the (?,k) plane.

Spinka, C, Carroll, RJ & Chatterjee, N 2005, 'Analysis of case-control studies of genetic and environmental factors with missing genetic information and haplotype-phase ambiguity', GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 108-127.
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Stack, CM, Dalton, JP, Cunneen, M & Donnelly, SM 2005, 'De-glycosylation of Pichia pastoris-produced Schistosoma mansoni cathepsin B eliminates non-specific reactivity with IgG in normal human serum', Journal Of Immunological Methods, vol. 304, no. 1-2, pp. 151-157.
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Production of diagnostic reagents in the yeast Pichia pastoris is particularly attractive since this organism is capable of expressing complex eukaryotic proteins in their correctly folded form and is amenable to large-scale fermentation at low cost. The potential of Schistosoma mansoni cathepsin B as a diagnostic antigen for human schistosomiasis has been previously established using both native and E. coli-derived recombinant proteins. However, when produced in P. pastoris we found that recombinant wild-type cathepsin B was preferentially secreted as a heterogeneously glycosylated molecule that migrated at 39 kDa, 41 kDa and a smear of >50 kDa on SDS-PAGE, and was susceptible to treatment with Endo H and PGNase F. The addition of yeast sugars to the cathepsin B caused it to react with IgG in the serum of both normal (non-infected) and schistosome-infected humans in immunoblotting and enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). To avoid this non-specific reactivity, a non-glycosylated mutant form of cathepsin B, engineered by disrupting its potential glycosylation site, was produced. The non-glycosylated recombinant cathepsin B migrated as a single band of 39 kDa on SDS-PAGE. Most importantly, the molecule was not reactive with IgG in normal sera and, hence, could be employed in immunoblots or ELISA to specifically detect antibodies in schistosome-infected patients. Addition of oligosaccharides by P. pastoris is a potential drawback that needs to be considered before using P. pastoris-produced proteins as diagnostic reagents.

Stapley, J, Hayes, CM, Webb, JK & Keogh, JS 2005, 'Novel microsatellite loci identified from the Australian eastern small-eyed snake (Elapidae: Rhinocephalus nigrescens) and cross species amplification in the related genus Suta', Molecular Ecology Notes, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 54-56.
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A total of 15 microsatellite primers pairs were developed for the Australian small-eyed snake Rhinoplocephalus nigrescens. Five primers were used to screen 93 individuals of R. nigrescens and were also tested against eight species of the closely related genus Suta. Allelic diversity in R. nigrescens was high in three loci (12-27) and there was high heterozygosity (0.58-0.82). Observed heterozygosity did not deviate from Hardy-Weinberg expectations for the five loci tested. These primers will be useful in studies of population genetics and mating systems of small-eyed snakes and related species.

Stark, DJ, Beebe, NW, Marriott, DJ, Ellis, JT & Harkness, JL 2005, 'Detection of Dientamoeba fragilis in fresh stool specimens using PCR', International Journal For Parasitology, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 57-62.
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Dientamoeba fragilis is a trichomonad parasite that causes human gastrointestinal disease. Currently microscopy is considered to be the gold standard for diagnosis of D. fragilis infection. However, this method is time-consuming and relatively insensitiv

Stark, DJ, Beebe, NW, Marriott, DJ, Ellis, JT & Harkness, JL 2005, 'Prospective study of the prevalence, genotyping, and clinical relevance of Dientamoeba fragilis infections in an Australian population', Journal Of Clinical Microbiology, vol. 43, no. 6, pp. 2718-2723.
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A prospective study was conducted over a 30-month period, in which fecal specimens from 6,750 patients were submitted to the Department of Microbiology at St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia. Trophozoites of Dientamoeba fragilis were detected in 60

Stark, PC, Celedon, JC, Chew, GL, Ryan, LM, Burge, HA, Muilenberg, ML & Gold, DR 2005, 'Fungal levels in the home and allergic rhinitis by 5 years of age', Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. 113, no. 10, pp. 1405-1409.
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Studies have repeatedly demonstrated that sensitization to fungi, such as Alternaria, is strongly associated with allergic rhinitis and asthma in children. However, the role of exposure to fungi in the development of childhood allergic rhinitis is poorly understood. In a prospective birth cohort of 405 children of asthmatic/allergic parents from metropolitan Boston, Massachusetts, we examined in-home high fungal concentrations (> 90th percentile) measured once within the first 3 months of life as predictors of doctor-diagnosed allergic rhinitis in the first 5 years of life. In multivariate Cox regression analyses, predictors of allergic rhinitis included high levels of dust-borne Aspergillus [hazard ratio (HR) = 3.27; 95% confidence interval (Cl), 1.50-7.14], Aureobasidium (HR = 3.04; 95% Cl, 1.33-6.93), and yeasts (HR = 2.67; 95% Cl, 1.26-5.66). The factors controlled for in these analyses included water damage or mild or mildew in the building during the first year of the child's life, any lower respiratory tract infection in the first year, male sex, African-American race, fall date of birth, and maternal IgE to Alternaria > 0.35 U/mL. Dust-borne Alternaria and non-sporulating and total fungi were also predictors of allergic rhinitis in models excluding other fungi but adjusting for all of the potential confounders listed above. High measured fungal concentrations and reports of water damage, mold, or mildew in homes may predispose children with a family history of asthma or allergy to the development of allergic rhinitis. Key words: allergic rhinitis, fungi, mold, respiratory health effects, water damage.

Stephens, AN, Quach, P & Harry, L 2005, 'A streamline approach to high-throughput proteomics', Expert Review Of Proteomics, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 173-185.
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Proteomics has rapidly become an important tool for life science research, allowing the integrated analysis of global protein expression from a single experiment. To accommodate the complexity and dynamic nature of any proteome, researchers must use a co

Stephenson, J, Budd, GM, Manning, J & Hansbro, P 2005, 'Major eruption-induced changes to the McDonald Islands, southern Indian Ocean', ANTARCTIC SCIENCE, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 259-266.
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Stuart, BH, Forbes, SL & Dent, BB 2005, 'Studies of adipocere using attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy', Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 197-201.
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Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy has been used to characterise pig adipocere formation. The composition of adipocere samples obtained by burial of pig adipocere tissue in soil and in mock coffins were compared with that of the original adipose tissue using this technique. The ATR spectra show that bands resulting from triglyceride and fatty acid C=O stretching are particularly useful fro monitoring the changes in adipocere formation. The technique is able to be used to investigate how the burial environment affects the rate of adipocere formation and supports the results of earlier gas chromatograph and mass spectrometer and diffuse reflectance infrared studies. ATR spectroscopy has also been demonsrtated to have the advantage of convenient sample reparation.

Surkan, PJ, Ryan, LM, Bidwell, HW, Brooks, DR, Peterson, KE & Gillman, MW 2005, 'Psychosocial correlates of leisure-time physical activity in urban working-class adults', Journal of Physical Activity and Health, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 397-411.
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© 2005 Human Kinetics, Inc. Background: Limited data address psychosocial and environmental correlates of physical activity. Methods: We assessed associations of regular and recent leisure-time physical activity with physical/mental well-being, social support, and civic trust and reciprocity in a working-class Boston neighborhood. We surveyed 409 adults in 1999 to 2000 using methodology from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Results: Adjusted for demographic variables, correlates of regular physical activity included feeling energetic/healthy (odds ratio [OR] = 1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3 to 2.3 for each one of four categories), feeling worried/tense/anxious (OR = 0.7, 95% CI 0.5 to 1.0), pain interfering with usual activities (OR = 0.5, 95% CI 0.3 to 0.8), feeling sad/blue/depressed (OR = 0.7, 95% CI, 0.5 to 0.9), inadequate sleep/rest (OR = 0.8, 95% CI 0.6 to 1.0) and feeling satisfied with life (OR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.6, for very satisfied versus other). We found similar associations for participation in any physical activity. Conclusions: Lack of energy, anxiety, pain, sadness, poor sleep, and dissatisfaction with life were associated with low physical activity levels.

Swart, B, Salganik, MP, Wand, M, Tinckam, K, Milford, EL, Drbal, K, Angelisova, P, Horejsi, V, Macardle, P, Bailey, S, Hollemweguer, E, Hodge, G, Nairn, J, Millard, D, Dagdeviren, A, Dandie, GW & Zola, H 2005, 'The HLDA8 blind panel: Findings and conclusions', Journal Of Immunological Methods, vol. 305, no. 1, pp. 75-83.
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There were over 600 antibodies submitted to HLDA8, with many of unknown specificity. Of these, 101 antibodies were selected for a blind panel study that also included 5 negative controls and 27 positive controls of known CD specificity making a total of 133 antibodies in the final panel. Of the 101 unknowns, 31 antibodies were identified during the course of this blind panel study as being specific for known molecules and included some specific for MHC class II antigens, CD45 isoforms and the Dombrock antigen. Several antibody pairs among those in the blind panel were found to have very similar staining patterns and were therefore compared by immunohistochemical and/or Western blot analyses for identity.

Tahtouh, M, Kalman, JR, Roux, CP, Lennard, CJ & Reedy, BJ 2005, 'The detection and enhancement of latent fingermarks using infrared chemical imaging', Journal Of Forensic Sciences, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 64-72.
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The use of a new technique, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) chemical imaging, has been demonstrated for the enhancement of latent fingermarks on a number of surfaces. Images of untreated fingermarks on glass backgrounds with excellent ridge detail were

Tan, KA, Morison, RP & Leslie, LM 2005, 'A comparison of high-order explicit and non-oscillatory finite difference advection schemes for climate and weather models', METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS, vol. 89, no. 1-4, pp. 251-267.
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Taylor, AA & Leslie, LM 2005, 'A single-station approach to model output statistics temperature forecast error assessment', WEATHER AND FORECASTING, vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 1006-1020.
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Thiel, BL & Toth, M 2005, 'Secondary electron contrast in low-vacuum/environmental scanning electron microscopy of dielectrics', Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 97, p. 051101.

Thomas, J, Buzzini, P, Massonnet, G, Reedy, BJ & Roux, CP 2005, 'Raman spectroscopy and the forensic analysis of black/grey and blue cotton fibres - Part 1. Investigation of the effects of varying laser wavelength', Forensic Science International, vol. 152, no. 2, pp. 189-197.
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Raman spectroscopy was investigated to determine the optimal conditions, mainly laser wavelength/s, for the analysis of the commonly encountered black/grey and blue cotton fibres dyed with reactive dyes. In this first part, a single blue cotton fibre, it

Thomas, P & Simon, P 2005, 'A pseudo-isothermal kinetic analysis of the recrystallisation of nickel sulphide measured by non-isothermal DSC', Journal Of Thermal Analysis And Calorimetry, vol. 80, no. 1, pp. 77-80.
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A pseudo-isothermal method for the kinetic analysis was applied to the recrystallisation of alpha to beta nickel sulphide based on the Ozawa model for non-isothermal crystallisation in the presence of pre-existing nuclei. The aim of the analysis was to d

Tomaszewska-Grzeda, A, Lojkowski, W, Godlewski, M, Yatsunenko, S, Drozdowicz-Tomsia, K, Goldys, EM & Phillips, M 2005, 'Growth and characterisation of ZnO nanoparticles', ACTA Physica Polonica, vol. 108, no. 5, pp. 897-902.
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In this work we evaluate structural and optical properties of ZnO nanoparticles grown by wet chemistry method. Light emission properties of these nanoparticles are studies with cathodoluminescence and microphotoluminescence. Even at the room temperature excitonic emission is well resolved, due to high exciton binding energy of ZnO. Decay kinetics of photoluminescence emisssions and efficiency of inter-nanoparticles energy migration is evaluated from maps of in-plane variations of photoluminescence decay times measured in microphotoluminescence setup

Ton-That, C, Welland, ME, Larsson, JA, Greer, JC, Shard, AG, Dhanak, VR, Taninaka, A & Shinohara, H 2005, 'Electrostatic ordering of the lanthanum endoatom in La@C-82 adsorbed on metal surfaces', Physical Review B, vol. 71, no. 4, pp. 1-6.
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An investigation of the dynamic behavior of the endohedral La atom in La@C-82 adsorbed on Ag(111) or Cu(111) using the normal-incidence x-ray standing wavefield (NIXSW) technique is presented. For the surface-normal (111) reflection, NIXSW demonstrates d

Trapido-Rosenthal, H, Zielke, S, Owen, R, Buxton, LJ, Boeing, B, Bhagooli, R & Archer, J 2005, 'Increased zooxanthellae nitric oxide synthase activity is associated with coral bleaching', Biological Bulletin, vol. 208, no. 1, pp. 3-6.
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Coral bleaching, the breakdown of the symbiotic relationship between host corals and their photosynthetic dinoflagellate endosymbionts, is a phenomenon of major ecological significance. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying bleaching are poorl

Ulstrup, K, Hill, R & Ralph, PJ 2005, 'Photosynthetic impact of hypoxia on in hospite zooxanthellae in the scleractinian coral Pocillopora damicornis', Marine Ecology-Progress Series, vol. 286, pp. 125-132.
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Shallow water coral reefs may experience hypoxia under conditions of calm weather doldrums. Anaerobic responses of endosymbionts (i.e. zooxanthellae) within Pocillopora damicornis coral colonies were tested using both slow and fast chlorophyll a fluoresc

Ung, AT, Pyne, SG, Batenburg-Nguyen, U, Davis, AS, Sherif, A, Bischoff, F & Lesage, AS 2005, 'Synthesis and antagonist activities of 4-aryl-substituted conformationally restricted cyclopentenyl and cyclopentanyl-glutamate analogues', Tetrahedron, vol. 61, no. 7, pp. 1803-1812.
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The conformationally restricted glutamate analogues, 4-aryl-1-amino-2-cyclopentene-1,3-dicarboxylates and their cyclopentane analogues have been prepared in a diastereoselective manner. Biological studies of 12a and 12b indicates that both compounds are modest antagonists at mGluR2.

van der Klift, H, Wijnen, J, Wagner, A, Verkuilen, P, Tops, C, Otway, R, Kohonen-Corish, M, Vasen, H, Oliani, C, Barana, D, Moller, P, DeLozier-Blanchet, C, Hutter, P, Foulkes, W, Lynch, H, Burn, J, Moslein, G & Fodde, R 2005, 'Molecular characterization of the spectrum of genomic deletions in the mismatch repair genes MSH2, MLH1, MSH6, and PMS2 responsible for hereditary Nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC)', GENES CHROMOSOMES & CANCER, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 123-138.
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Vijayakumar, R, Shivaramu, G, Rajasekaran, L, Ramamurthy, N & Ford, M 2005, 'Compton profile of polycrystalline sodium chloride and sodium fluoride', Nuclear Instruments & Methods In Physics Research Section B-Beam Interactions With Materials And Atoms, vol. 234, no. 3, pp. 185-193.
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We present here the Compton profile (CP) of polycrystalline sodium chloride and sodium fluoride. Our results consists of spherical average Compton profile based on measurements and calculation of spherical average Compton profile, directional Compton pro

Villavedra Sierra, M, McCarthy, K, To, JH, Morrison, R, Crosbie, P, Broady, KW & Raison, RL 2005, 'Changes in antigenic profile during culture of Neoparamoeba sp., causative agent of amoebic gill disease in Atlantic salmon', International Journal for Parasitology, vol. 35, pp. 1417-1423.
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Amoebic gill diseas (AGD) the most serious infectious disease affecting farmed salmon in Tasmania, is caused by free-living marine amoeba Neoparamoeba sp. The parasites on the gills induce proliferation of epithelial cells initiating a hyperplastic response and reducing the surface area available for gaseous exchange. AGD casn be induced in salmon by exposure to frshly isolated Neoparamoeba from AGD infected fish, however cultured Neoparamoeba are non-infective. We describe here antigenic difference between freshly isolated and in vitro cultured parasites, and within individual isolates of the parasite cultured under different conditions.

Wallman, JF, Leys, R & Hogendoorn, K 2005, 'Molecular systematics of Australian carrion-breeding blowflies (Diptera : Calliphoridae) based on mitochondrial DNA', INVERTEBRATE SYSTEMATICS, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 1-15.
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Walsby, E, Arnold, MD, Wu, QH, Hodgkinson, IJ & Blaikie, RJ 2005, 'Growth and characterisation of birefringent films on textured silicon substrates', Microelectronic Engineering, vol. 78-79, pp. 436-441.
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The effects of textured substrates on the serial bi-deposition (SBD) technique of thin film growth have been investigated. Obliquely deposited coatings exhibit optical anisotropy as a consequence of the internal nanostructure developed during self-shadowed growth, which should be enhanced by growth onto textured substrates. We examine the growth and some subsequent optical properties of SBD coatings deposited obliquely onto lithographically-defined fine line and dot arrays with periods as small as 100 nm. Reflection retardance optical measurements show clear differences over a range of wavelengths for the structures in the patterned areas.

Wang, B, Potter, SJ, Lin, Y, Cunningham, AL, Dwyer, DE, Su, Y, Ma, X, Hou, Y & Saksena, NK 2005, 'Rapid and sensitive detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus by rolling circle amplification', Journal Of Clinical Microbiology, vol. 43, no. 5, pp. 2339-2344.
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The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic of 2003 was responsible for 774 deaths and caused significant economic damage worldwide. Since July 2003, a number of SARS cases have occurred in China, raising the possibility of future epidemics. We

Wang, B, Xi, Y & Gu, H 2005, 'Terminal penalty rolling scheduling based on an initial schedule for single-machine scheduling problem', Computers & Operations Research, vol. 32, no. 11, pp. 3059-3072.
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Wang, B, Xi, YG & Gu, HY 2005, 'Improved rolling horizon procedure for single-machine scheduling with release times', Kongzhi yu Juece/Control and Decision, vol. 20, no. 3.
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A rolling horizon procedure (RHP) is used in solving a kind of single-machine dynamic scheduling problems with release times. An improved sub-problem for the RHP is proposed. A terminal penalty function is appended to the objective of each sub-problem, in which both the local objective and the global objective are considered. It is proved that an existing branch and bound can be revised to solve the improved sub-problem. Computational results demonstrate that the improved RHP performs better than the best dispatching rule on most cases.

Wang, G, Bewlay, S, Yang, L, Wang, JZ, Chen, Y, Liu, HK & Dou, SX 2005, 'Nanostructured electrode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion battery applications', Journals of Materials Science & Technology, vol. 21, no. S1, pp. 17-19.
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Nanocrystafline LiFeP04 and Si-C powders were prepared as electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Near full capacity (170 mAh/g) was achieved at the C/8 rate at room temperature for LiFeP04 electrodes. Nanosize Si-C composite anode materials demonstrated a reversible lithium storage capacity of 1450 mAh/g with good cyclability when used as anodes in lithium-ion cells. Nanostructured electrode materials have an important role to play in developing a new generation of lithium-ion batteries that will offer a dramatic improvement in power delivery.

Wang, G, Chen, Y, Yang, L, Yao, J, Needham, SA, Liu, H & Ahn, J 2005, 'Synthesis of nanocrystalline transition metal and oxides for lithium storage', Journal of Power Sources, vol. 146, no. 1-2, pp. 487-491.
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Nanosize silver and tin dioxide powders were synthesised by a novel reverse micelle technique. The reverse micelles were formed from a microemulsion of organic solvents, water based salts and surfactants. The spherical nanosize Ag powders were formed via in situ reduction. The tin hydroxide precipitates were formed in reverse micelles and converted to tin dioxide nanopowders after heat treatment. The Ag and SnO2 powders have a particle size in the range of 2050 nm. The as-prepared nanosize Ag and SnO2 nanopowders were used in lithium-ion cells for lithium storage.

Wang, G, Yang, L, Bewlay, SL, Chen, Y, Liu, H & Ahn, J 2005, 'Electrochemical properties of carbon coated LiFePO4 cathode materials', Journal of Power Sources, vol. 146, no. 1-2, pp. 521-524.
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Carbon coated lithium iron phosphates were prepared by a carbon aerogel synthesis process, through which LiFePO4 particles were embedded in amorphous carbon. The carbon coating effect can significantly enhance the electronic conductivity of LiFePO4. The electrochemical properties of the as-prepared LiFePO4 cathode materials were systematically characterised. The carbon coated LiFePO4 cathode demonstrated a high capacity and stable cyclability.

Wang, G, Yang, L, Chen, Y, Wang, JZ, Bewlay, S & Liu, HK 2005, 'An investigation of polypyrrole-LiFePO4 composite cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries', Electrochimica Acta, vol. 50, no. 24, pp. 4649-4654.
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A series of polypyrrole-LiFePO4 (PPy-LiFePO4) composites were synthesised by polymerising pyrrole monomers on the surface of LiFePO4 particles. AC impedance measurements show that the coating of polypyrrole significantly decreases the charge-transfer resistance of LiFePO4 electrodes. The electrochemical reactivity of polypyrrole and PPy-LiFePO4 composites for lithium insertion and extraction was examined by charge/discharge testing. The PPy-LiFePO4 composite electrodes demonstrated an increased reversible capacity and better cyclability, compared to the bare LiFePO4 electrode.

Wang, G, Yang, L, Wang, JZ, Liu, HK & Dou, SX 2005, 'Enhancement of ionic conductivity of PEO based polymer electrolyte by the addition of nanosize ceramic powders', Journal of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, vol. 5, pp. 1135-1140.
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The ionic conductivity of polyethylene oxide (PEO) based solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) has been improved by the addition of nanosize ceramic powders (TiO2 and Al2O3). The PEO based solid polymer electrolytes were prepared by the solution-casting method. Electrochemical measurement shows that the 10 wt% TiO2 PEO-LiClO4 polymer electrolyte has the best ionic conductivity (about 10(-4) S cm(-1) at 40-60 degrees C). The lithium transference number of the 10 wt% TiO2 PEO-LiClO4 polymer electrolyte was measured to be 0.47, which is much higher than that of bare PEO polymer electrolyte. Ac impedance testing shows that the interface resistance of ceramic-added PEO polymer electrolyte is stable. Linear sweep voltammetry measurement shows that the PEO polymer electrolytes are electrochemically stable in the voltage range of 2.0-5.0 V versus a Li/Li+ reference electrode.

Wang, GX, Bewlay, S, Yang, L, Wang, JZ, Chen, Y, Yao, J, Liu, HK & Dou, SX 2005, 'Nanostructured electrode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion battery applications', Journal of Materials Science and Technology, vol. 21, no. SUPPL. 1, pp. 17-19.
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Nanocrystalline LiFePO4 and Si-C powders were prepared as electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Near full capacity (170 mAh/g) was achieved at the C/8 rate at room temperature for LiFePO4 electrodes. Nanosize Si-C composite anode materials demonstrated a reversible lithium storage capacity of 1450 mAh/g with good cyclability when used as anodes in lithium-ion cells. Nanostructured electrode materials have an important role to play in developing a new generation of lithium-ion batteries that will offer a dramatic improvement in power delivery.

Wang, GX, Yang, L, Wang, JZ, Liu, HK & Dou, SX 2005, 'Enhancement of ionic conductivity of PEO based polymer electrolyte by the addition of nanosize ceramic powders', JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY, vol. 5, no. 7, pp. 1135-1140.
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Wang, N, Carroll, RJ & Lin, XH 2005, 'Efficient semiparametric marginal estimation for longitudinal/clustered data', JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION, vol. 100, no. 469, pp. 147-157.
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Ward, J, Peakall, R, Gilmore, SR & Robertson, J 2005, 'Molecular identification system for grasses: a novel technology for forensic botany', FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL, vol. 152, no. 2-3, pp. 121-131.
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Wassmer, SC, Cianciolo, GJ, Combes, V & Grau, GE 2005, 'Inhibition of endothelial activation: A new way to treat cerebral malaria?', PLOS MEDICINE, vol. 2, no. 9, pp. 885-890.
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Watt, RT, Roux, CP & Robertson, J 2005, 'The population of coloured textile fibres in domestic washing machines', Science & Justice, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 75-83.
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A population survey was carried out to analyse examples of the coloured fibre population that may be expected to exist in both front- and top-loading domestic washing machines during Spring, in Sydney, Australia. White cotton T-shirts were washed both in

Webb, JK & Whiting, MJ 2005, 'Why don't small snakes bask? Juvenile broad-headed snakes trade thermal benefits for safety', Oikos, vol. 110, no. 3, pp. 515-522.
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Previous studies have suggested that most small Australian elapid snakes are nocturnal and rarely bask in the open because of the risk of predation by diurnal predatory birds. Because the physiology and behaviour of reptiles is temperature dependent, staying in refuges by day can entail high thermoregulatory costs, particularly for juveniles that must grow rapidly to maximise their chances of survival. We investigated whether the risk of predation deters juveniles of the endangered broad-headed snake (Hoplocephalus bungaroides) from basking, and if so, whether there are thermal costs associated with refuge use. To estimate avian attack rates on snakes, we placed 900 plasticine snake replicas in sunny locations and underneath small stones on three sandstone plateaus for 72 h. At the same time we quantified the thermal benefits of basking vs refuge use. On sunny days, juveniles could maintain preferred body temperatures for 4.7 h by basking but only for 2.0 h if they remained inside refuges. Our predation experiment showed that basking has high costs for juvenile snakes. Predators attacked a significantly higher proportion of exposed models (13.3%) than models under rocks (1.6%). Birds were the major predators of exposed models (75% of attacks), and avian predation did not vary across the landscape. By trading heat for safety, juvenile H. bungaroides decreased the potential time period that they could maintain preferred body temperatures by 57%. Thermal costs of refuge use may therefore contribute to the slow growth and late maturation of this endangered species. Our results support the hypothesis that nocturnal activity in elapid snakes has evolved to minimise the risk of avian predation.

Webb, JK, Shine, R & Christian, KA 2005, 'Does intraspecific niche partitioning in a native predator influence its response to an invasion by a toxic prey species?', Austral Ecology, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 201-209.
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The introduced and highly toxic cane toad (Bufo marinus) is rapidly spreading across northern Australia where it may affect populations of large terrestrial vertebrate predators. The ecological impact of cane toads will depend upon the diets, foraging modes and habitat use of native predators, and their feeding responses to cane toads. However, intraspecific niche partitioning may influence the degree of vulnerability of predators to toxic prey, as well as the time course of the impact of alien invaders on native species. We studied the diet of the northern death adder Acanthophis praelongus and their feeding responses to cane toads. In the laboratory, death adders from all size classes and sexes readily consumed frogs and cane toads. Diets of free ranging A. praelongus from the Adelaide River floodplain were more heterogeneous. Juvenile snakes ate mainly frogs (39% of prey items) and small scincid lizards (43%). Both sexes displayed an ontogenetic dietary shift from lizards to mammals, but adult males fed on frogs (49%) and mammals (39%) whereas adult females (which grew larger than males) fed mainly on mammals (91%) and occasionally, frogs (9%). Feeding rates and body condition of adult snakes varied temporally and tracked fluctuations in prey availability. These results suggest that cane toads may negatively affect populations of northern death adders in the Darwin region. However, we predict that different size and sex classes of A. praelongus will experience differential mortality rates over different timescales. The initial invasion of large toads may affect adult males, but juveniles may be unaffected until juvenile toads appear the following year, and major affects on adult female death adders may be delayed until annual rainfall fluctuations reduce the availability of alternative (rodent) prey.

Webb, JK, Shine, R & Pringle, RM 2005, 'Canopy removal restores habitat quality for an endangered snake in a fire suppressed landscape', Copeia, vol. 2005, no. 4, pp. 894-900.
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In the last two centuries, European fire suppression practices have produced increases in vegetation density and canopy cover in many landscapes. Potentially, increases in canopy cover could negatively affect small populations of nocturnal reptiles that use sun-exposed shelters for diurnal thermoregulation. We hypothesized that vegetation encroachment over rock outcrops might partly explain the recent decline of Australia's most endangered snake, the Broad-headed Snake Hoplocephalus bungaroides. To test this hypothesis, we carried out a field study in Morton National Park, southeastern Australia. We removed overhanging vegetation from above shaded rocks and compared their subsequent usage by reptiles to control (shaded) rocks. In spring, one year after canopy removal, experimental rocks were 10.3 C hotter than control rocks and were used as diurnal retreat sites by three species of reptiles, including the endangered Broad-headed Snake and its prey (Velvet Gecko, Oedura lesueurii). By contrast, no reptiles used control rocks as diurnal retreat sites. Our results show that modest canopy removal (similar to 15% increase in canopy openness) can restore habitat quality for nocturnal reptiles. Future studies are needed to examine whether controlled burns can maintain an open canopy above sandstone rock outcrops. However, until effective fire management measures are in place, sapling removal from overgrown rock outcrops could help to protect small populations of endangered reptiles.

Wei, M, Ruys, AJ, Milthorpe, BK & Sorrell, CC 2005, 'Precipitation of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles: Effects of precipitation method on electrophoretic deposition', Journal Of Materials Science-materials In Medicine, vol. 16, pp. 319-324.
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Electrophoretic deposition is a low-cost, simple, and flexible coating method for producing hydroxyapatite ( HA) coatings on metal implants with a broad range of thicknesses, from < 1 mu m to > 500 mu m. As for many other HA coating techniques, densification of electrophoretically deposited coatings involves heating the coated metal to temperatures above 1000 degrees C. Metal substrates tend to react with HA coatings at such temperatures inducing decomposition at temperatures below 1050 degrees C ( decomposition for pure HA normally occurs above 1300 degrees C). Therefore, densification of these coatings needs to be conducted at temperatures lower than 1050 degrees C, and this necessitates the use of high-surface-area HA nano-precipitates, rather than commercially available pre-calcined powders, which densify at temperatures typically higher than 1200 degrees C. HA nano-precipitates were prepared by three methods and deposited on metal substrates by electrophoresis: ( 1) the acid base method, which produced plate-like nano-particles with a 2.5: 1 aspect ratio, and severely cracked coatings; ( 2) the calcium acetate method, which produced needle-like nano-particles with a 10: 1 aspect ratio, and slightly cracked coatings; ( 3) the metathesis method, which produced rounded nano-particles with a 2: 1 aspect ratio, and high-quality crack-free coatings. The results suggested that the less equiaxed the nano-particles, the more cracked the coatings obtained by the electrophoretic deposition technique

Wei, M, Ruys, AJ, Swain, MV, Milthorpe, BK & Sorrell, CC 2005, 'Hydroxyapatite-coated metals: Interfacial reactions during sintering', Journal Of Materials Science-materials In Medicine, vol. 16, pp. 101-106.
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Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is a low cost flexible process for producing HA coatings on metal implants. Its main limitation is that it requires heating the coated implant in order to densify the HA. HA typically sinters at a temperature below 1150 degreesC, but metal implants are degraded above 1000 degreesC. Further, the metal induces the decomposition of the HA coating upon sintering. Recent developments have enabled EPD of metathesis-synthesised uncalcined HA which sinters at similar to 1000 degreesC. The effects of temperature on HA-coated Ti, T16AI4V, and 316L stainless steel were investigated for dual coatings of metathesis HA sintered at 1000 degreesC. The use of dual HA coatings (coat, sinter, coat, sinter) enabled decomposition to be confined to the "undercoat" (HA layer 1), with the surface coating decomposition free. The tensile strength of the three metals was not significantly affected by the high sintering temperatures (925 degreesC < T < 1000degreesC). XRD/SEM/EDS analyses of the interfacial zones revealed that 316L had a negligible HA:metal interfacial zone (similar to1 mum) while HA:Ti and HA:Ti6Al4V had large interfacial zones (>10 mum) comprising a TiO2 oxidation zone and a CaTiO3 reaction zone

Weitere, M, Bergfeld, T, Rice, SA, Matz, C & Kjelleberg, S 2005, 'Grazing resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms depends on type of protective mechanism, developmental stage and protozoan feeding mode', ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, vol. 7, no. 10, pp. 1593-1601.
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Wen, S, Wilson, D, Kuruppu, S, Korsinczky, M, Hedrick, J, Pang, L, Szeto, T, Hodgson, WC, Alewood, PF & Nicholson, GM 2005, 'Discovery of an MIT-like atracotoxin family: spider venom peptides that share sequences homology but not pharmacological properties with AVIT proteins', Peptides, vol. 26, no. 12, pp. 2412-2426.
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This project identified a novel family of six 66-68 residue peptides fro the venom of two Australian funnerl-web spiders, Hadronyche sp. 20 and H. infesa: Orchid Beach (Hexathelidae: Atracinae), that appear to undergo N- and/or C-terminal post-translational modifications and conform to an ancestral prtein fold. These peptides all show significant amino acid sequence homology to atracotoxin-Hvf17 (ACTX-Hvf17), a non-toxic peptide isolated from the venom of H. versuta, and a variety of AVIT family proteins including mamba intestinal toxin 1 (MIT1) and its mammalian and piscine orthologs prokineticin 1 (PK1) and prokineticin 2 (PK2).

Whitchurch, CB, Comolli, J, Jakobsen, T, Sargent, JL, Bertrand, JJ, West, J, Klausen, M, Waite, L, Kang, PJ, Tolker-Nielsen, T & Engel, JN 2005, 'Pseudomonas Aeruginosa FimL Regulates Multiple Virulence Functions By Intersecting With Vfr-modulated Pathways', Molecular Microbiology, vol. 55, no. 5, pp. 1357-1378.
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Virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa involves the co-ordinate expression of a range of factors including type IV pili (tfp), the type III secretion system (TTSS) and quorum sensing. Tfp are required for twitching motility, efficient biofilm formation, and

White, RE, Thomas, P, Phillips, M & Wuhrer, R 2005, 'A DSC study of the effect of lead pigments on the drying of cold pressed linseed oil', Journal Of Thermal Analysis And Calorimetry, vol. 80, no. 1, pp. 237-239.
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Cold pressed linseed oil and paints prepared using the inorganic pigments; lead white and red lead, were characterised using non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in an air atmosphere to determine the effect of the pigment on the oxidati

White, TP, de Sterke, CM, McPhedran, RC & Botten, LC 2005, 'Highly efficient wide-angle transmission into uniform rod-type photonic crystals', APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, vol. 87, no. 11.
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Wilcox, S, Botten, LC, de Sterke, CM, Kuhlmey, B, McPhedran, RC, Fussell, DP & Tomljenovic-Hanic, S 2005, 'Long wavelength behavior of the fundamental mode in microstructured optical fibers', Optics Express, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 1978-1984.
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Using a novel computational method, the fundamental mode in index-guided microstructured optical fibers with genuinely infinite cladding is studied. It is shown that this mode has no cut-off, although its area grows rapidly when the wavelength crosses a

Wilcox, S, Botten, LC, McPhedran, RC, Poulton, CG & de Sterke, CM 2005, 'Modeling of defect modes in photonic crystals using the fictitious source superposition method', PHYSICAL REVIEW E, vol. 71, no. 5.
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Williams, DBG, Caddy, J & Blann, K 2005, 'Highly functionalised cyclobutanols via samarium(II) iodide-induced pinacol cyclisations of carbohydrate-derived 1,4-diketones', CARBOHYDRATE RESEARCH, vol. 340, no. 7, pp. 1301-1309.
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Wilson, IW, Kennedy, GC, Peacock, JW & Dennis, ES 2005, 'Microarray analysis reveals vegetative molecular phenotypes of arabidopsis flowering-time mutants', PLANT AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY, vol. 46, no. 8, pp. 1190-1201.
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Wojcik, A, Kopalko, K, Godlewski, M, Lusakowska, E, Guziewicz, E, Minikayev, R, Paszkowicz, W, Swiatek, K, Klepka, M, Jakiela, R, Kiecana, M, Sawicki, M, Dybko, K & Phillips, M 2005, 'Thin films of ZnO and ZnMnO by atomic layer epitaxy', Optica Applicata, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 413-417.
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We discuss properties of thin films of ZnO and ZnMnO grown with atomic layer epitaxy using new, organic zinc and manganese precursors. Several characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, cathodoluminescence, superconducting quantum interfernece device (SQUID) and electron spin resonance, show good topography of the films and their advantageous optical and magnetic properties.

Wu, T, McGrath, KC & Heather, AK 2005, 'Cardiovascular disease in diabetic nephropathy patients: cell adhesion molecules as potential markers?', Vascular Health and Risk Management, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 309-316.
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Cardiovascular disease is a major complication of diabetes mellitus, especially for patients with diabetic nephropathy. The underlying factor or pathogenic mechanism that links diabetic nephropathy with cardiovascular disease is not known. The endothelial cell adhesion molecules, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 or vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, play a crucial role in the initiation of atherosclerosis. Levels of both cell adhesion molecules are raised by the diabetic and kidney disease states. This review focuses on these important cell adhesion molecules and their role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in diabetes and diabetic nephropath

Wu, YG, Rozenfeld, S, Defferrard, A, Ruggiero, K, Udall, JA, Kim, H, Llewellyn, DJ & Dennis, ES 2005, 'Cycloheximide treatment of cotton ovules alters the abundance of specific classes of mRNAs and generates novel ESTs for microarray expression profiling', MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS, vol. 274, no. 5, pp. 477-493.
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Xiao, W, Zheng, YF & Yu, Q 2005, 'Evaluation of SHAW model in simulating energy balance, leaf temperature and micrometeorological variables within a maize canopy', Acta Ecologica Sinica, vol. 25, no. 7, pp. 1626-1634.
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Yucheng is a typical city in the North China plain, which is one of the most important growing districts of grain. Research on it will benefit to the agriculture of the whole region. Furthermore, energy balance is the basis for simulating heat and water transfer in crop canopy. Temperature reflects the condition of plant objectively. Meteorological factors such as air temperature, humidity and wind speed as well as soil temperature are the ambient conditions that affect the activity of plants. Canopy temperature reflects the overall plant health. Understanding and simulating canopy conditions can assist in better acknowledgement of microclimate characteristics and management solutions. The Simultaneous Heat and Water (SHAW) model was used in this study to simulate the surface energy balance, profiles of leaf temperature and micrometeorological variables of a maize canopy and underlying soil temperatures using data collected in Yucheng. The results indicated that the model well simulated air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed in the upper layers rather than the lower, with model efficiency falling from about 0.95 to very small. Since poor simulation occurred especially for wind speed, modification was made to the model, and the simulation was improved accordingly. Energy balance of canopy surface was simulated throughout the growing season of maize using the modified model as above. The simulated net radiation mimicked with the measured, with model efficiency equaling 0.97. The simulations of latent and sensible heat flux were reasonable with model efficiency 0.81 and 0.78 respectively. But the bias of ground heat flux was obvious, which may due to the lack of measured energy balance closure. In addition, the simulation discovered that the precipitation influenced measurement significantly. The coefficient of simulated and measured radiometric temperature reached above 0.9, when the temperature was higher than 30°C, the simulated temperature was 0.34°C ...

Xiong, J, Gu, H & Xi, Y 2005, 'UML-based simulation software design about hybrid flow shop manufacturing system', Jisuanji Gongcheng/Computer Engineering, vol. 31, no. 5.
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As a standard modeling language, unify modeling language (UML) has widely used in many application fields where focus on software design and analysis. By designing HFS simulation software with UML in this article, the design process of software based on UML can be described, and at the same time some questions such as how it supports OO technology and how to realize software architecture will be depicted completely. At last with the accomplishment of an example related this design idea more futures in UML application is given.

Xu, X, Cortie, MB & Stevens, MG 2005, 'Effect of glass pre-treatment on the nucleation of semi-transparent gold coatings', Materials Chemistry And Physics, vol. 94, no. 38778, pp. 266-274.
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Coatings of gold nanoparticles with a uniform film texture and a neutral blue hue may be applied to glass by an aqueous process and such coatings have recently been proposed for architectural applications. Here, we show that the optical transmission spec

Yong, SR, Williams, MC, Pyne, SG, Ung, AT, Skelton, BW, White, AH & Turner, P 2005, 'Synthesis of 2-azaspiro[4.4]nonan-1-ones via phosphine-catalysed [3+2]-cycloadditions', Tetrahedron, vol. 61, no. 34, pp. 8120-8129.
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The phosphine-catalyzed [3+2]-cycloaddition of the 2-methylene ?-lactams 4 and 5 and the acrylate 6 with the ylides derived from the ethyl ester, the amide or the chiral camphor sultam derivative of 2-butynoic acid (7ac) give directly, or indirectly after reductive cyclization, spiro-heterocyclic products. The acid 32 underwent Curtius rearrangement and then acid hydrolysis to give two novel spiro-cyclic ketones, 41 and 42.

Yuan, L, Konstantinov, K, Wang, G, Liu, HK & Dou, SX 2005, 'Nano-structured SnO2-carbon composites obtained by in situ spray pyrolysis method as anodes in lithium batteries', Journal of Power Sources, vol. 146, no. 1-2, pp. 180-184.
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In this paper, we report on a series of SnO2-carbon nano-composites synthesized by in situ spray pyrolysis of a solution of SnCl2·2H2O and sucrose at 700 °C. The process results in super fine nanocrystalline SnO2, which is homogeneously distributed inside the amorphous carbon matrix. The SnO2 was revealed as a structure of broken hollow spheres with porosity on both the inside and outside particle surfaces. This structure promises a highly developed specific surface area. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and transmission electron microscope (TEM) images revealed the SnO2 crystal size is about 515 nm. These composites show a reversible lithium storage capacity of about 590 mAh g-1 in the first cycle. The discharge curve of the composite indicates that lithium is stored in crystalline tin, but not in amorphous carbon. However, the conductive carbon matrix with high surface area provides a buffer layer to cushion the large volume change in the tin regions, which contributes to the reduced capacity fade compared to nonacrystalline SnO2 without carbon

Zaslawski, CJ & Gorman, SM 2005, 'The ethics of complementary and alternative medicine research: a case study of Traditional Chinese Medicine at the University of Technology, Sydney', Monash Bioethics Review, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 52-60.
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This article considers various approaches used in complementary and alternative medicine research, and discusses the challenges that reviewing such research poses for human Research Ethics Committees. Drawing on our experience with the University of Technology, Sydney HREC, we offer some suggestions about how ethical principles governing conventional medical research can be applied in the context of research in complementary and alternative medicine. We argue that effective HREC review requires members to gain familiarity with such research, which helps ensure that such research is conducted rigourously and ethically.

Zhang, H, Xi, Y & Gu, H 2005, 'A decomposition and coordination scheduling method for flow shop problem based on TOC', ACTA AUTOMATICA SINICA, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 182-187.

Zhang, J, Bilic, A, Reimers, JR, Hush, N & Ulstrup, J 2005, 'Coexistence Of Multiple Conformations In Cysteamine Monolayers On Au(111)', Journal Of Physical Chemistry B, vol. 109, no. 32, pp. 15355-15367.
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Zhang, Y, Yu, Q, Liu, C & Wang, J 2005, 'Simulation of CO2 and latent heat fluxes in the North China Plain', Science in China, Series D: Earth Sciences, vol. 48, no. SUPPL.1, pp. 172-181.
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We constructed a coupled model for simulating plant photosynthesis and evapotranspiration (CPCEM). In the model, non-rectangular hyperbola is used to simulate leaf photosynthesis rate that is scaled up to estimate canopy gross photosynthesis rate by an integral method. Whole canopy in the model is separated into multi-layers, each of which is divided into sunlit leaves and shade leaves. Canopy net photosynthesis rate is expressed as a function of canopy conductance which is coupled with evapotranspiration. Included the coupled function, evapotranspiration is estimated with a two-layer submodel. The main features of CPCEM are: (1) easy suitability, (2) good physiological base, and (3) simple calculation procedure. Simulated results of CPCEM were compared with those by an eddy covariance system that was installed in a winter wheat farmland of the North China Plain. CPCEM gave a quite well diurnal and seasonal dynamics of net ecosystem exchange, compared with the measurements. The root mean square error between simulation and measurements was only about 2.94 μ mol m-2 s-1. Diurnal and seasonal patterns of latent heat flux with the CPCEM were similar to those of measurements. Whereas, simulated latent heat flux was evidently higher than the measured. Copyright by Science in China Press 2005.

Zhang, Y, Yu, Q, Liu, C & Wang, J 2005, 'Simulation of CO2 and latent heat fluxes in the North China Plain', Science in China Series D Earth Science, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 172-181.
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We constructed a coupled model for simulating plant photosynthesis and evapotranspiration (CPCEM). In the model, non-rectangular hyperbola is used to simulate leaf photosynthesis rate that is scaled up to estimate canopy gross photosynthesis rate by an integral method. Whole canopy in the model is separated into multi-layers, each of which is divided into sunlit leaves and shade leaves. Canopy net photosynthesis rate is expressed as a function of canopy conductance which is coupled with evapotranspiration. Included the coupled function,evapotranspiration is estimated with a two-layer submodel. The main features of CPCEM are: (1)easy suitability, (2) good physiological base, and (3) simple calculation procedure. Simulated results of CPCEM were compared with those by an eddy covariance system that was installed in a winter wheat farmland of the North China Plain. CPCEM gave a quite well diurnal and seasonal dynamics of net ecosystem exchange, compared with the measurements. The root mean square error between simulation and measurements was only about 2.94 ? mol m-2 s-1. Diurnal and seasonal patterns of latent heat flux with the CPCEM were similar to those of measurements.Whereas, simulated latent heat flux was evidently higher than the measured.

Zinder, Y & Singh, G 2005, 'Preemptive scheduling on parallel processors with due dates', Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 445-462.
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The paper presents a priority algorithm for the maximum lateness problem with parallel identical processors, presedence constraints, and preemptions. The presented algorithm calculates the priority of each task by constructing a schedule for the set of its successors. The algorithm is motivated by comparison of its nonpreemptive counterpart with other algorithms for the problem with unit execution time tasks. It is shown that the presented algorithm constructs an optimal schedule for the problem with two processors and arbitrary precedence constaints, and for the problem with an arbitrary number of processors and precedence constraints in the form of an in-tree. This proof also indicates that the presented algorithm allows the worst case performace ratio previously extablished for the so-called Muntz-Coffman algorithm for a particular case of the considered problem where all due dates are zero.

Zinder, Y, Do, V & Oguz, C 2005, 'Computational complexity of some scheduling problems with multiprocessor tasks', Discrete Optimisation, vol. 2, pp. 391-408.
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The paper is concerned with scheduling problems with multiprocessor tasks and presets conditions under which such problems can be solved inpolynomial time. The application of these conditions is illutrated by two quite general scheduling problems. These results are complemented by a proof of NP-hardness of the problem witha UET task system, two parallel processors, the criterion of total completion time, and precednece constraints in the form of out-trees

Zreiqat, H, Roest, RS, Valenzuela, S, Milev, AS & Ben-Nissan, B 2005, 'Human bone derived cell (HBDC) behaviour of sol-gel derived carbonate hydroxyapatite coatings on titanium alloy substrates', Bioceramics, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 541-544.
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Poor cell adhesion to orthopaedic and dental implants results in implant failure. Establishing and maintaining mature bone at the bone/device interface is critical to the long-term success of the prostheses. Considerable effort has been devoted to alter

Zreiqat, H, Valenzuela, S, Ben-Nissan, B, Roest, RS, Knabe, C, Radlanski, RJ, Renz, H & Evans, PA 2005, 'The effect of surface chemistry modification of titanium alloy on signalling pathways in human osteoblasts', Biomaterials, vol. 26, no. 36, pp. 7579-7586.
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Establishing and maintaining mature bone at the bone-device interface is critical to the long-term success of prosthesis. Poor cell adhesion to orthopaedic and dental implants results in implant failure. Considerable effort has been devoted to alter the

Armstrong, NG, Dowd, AR, Cline, JP & Kalceff, W 2005, 'Bayesian analysis of ceria nanoparticles from line profile data', Advances in X-ray analysis - Volume 48, Denver X-Ray Conference, International Centre for Diffraction Data, Steamboat Springs, USA, pp. 59-66.
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A Bayesian/Maximum entropy (MaxEnt) emthod is applied to quantify the broadening of X-ray line profiles in terms of the nanocrystallite size effects in ceria. The analysis is in general agreemetn with transmission electron microscopy results, while demonstrating the importance of appropriate a priori information needed in the method. The analysis also identifies other microstructural effects, such as the presence of dislocations and shape anisotropic effects which may be influencing the size distributions determined from the Bayesian/Max-Ent method.

Arnold, MD, Hodgkinson, IJ & Ballagh, R 2005, 'Simulations of growth and optical anisotropy of obliquely deposited thin films', 2nd International Conference on Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, AMN2, MacDiarmid Institute, Queenstown, New Zealand, pp. 166-166.

Arnold, MD, Hodgkinson, IJ, Wu, QH & Blaikie, RJ 2005, 'Lithographic Patterning of obliquely deposited polarizing elements', 2nd International Conference on Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, AMN2, MacDiarmid Institute, Queenstown, New Zealand, pp. 285-285.

Asselberghs, I, McDonagh, AM, Ward, MD, McCleverty, JA, Coe, B, Persoons, A & Clays, K 2005, 'Switching of the first hyperpolarisability', SPIE Proceedings, Int. Soc. Opt. Eng 5935 (Linear and Nonlinear Optics of Organic Materials V), Linear and Nonlinear Optics of Organic Materials V, SPIE Proceedings, Int. Soc. Opt. Eng, USA, pp. 215-223.
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Second-order nonlinear optical properties of organic and inorganic materials have been widely investigated. However, it becomes more important to be able to switch the molecules from an 'on' state to an 'off' state, or vise versa. Several switching schemes can be thought of. We will focus our attention to alter the donor properties of metalorganic compounds. Therefore, we will oxidize the metal center of the compound chemically. Since it is more interesting to be able to electrochemically switch the metal center, we developed a combined electrochemistry/hyper-Rayleigh scattering cell to perform in-situ electrochemical switching of the hyper-Rayleigh response

Barreiro, JT, Peters, NA, Kwiat, PG, Langford, NK & White, AG 2005, 'Joint polarization and spatial-mode entanglement of photons', Optics InfoBase Conference Papers.
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Simultaneous multidimensional entanglement can improve quantum communi-cation protocols, measurements and fundamental studies. Using photons from parametric downconversion, we demonstrate a source of joint polarization and spatial-mode entangle-ment, and characterize the state by tomographic reconstruction. © 2005 Optical Society of America.

Barreiro, JT, Peters, NA, Kwiat, PG, Langford, NK & White, AG 2005, 'Joint polarization and spatial-mode entanglement of photons', Optics InfoBase Conference Papers.
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Simultaneous multidimensional entanglement can improve quantum communi-cation protocols, measurements and fundamental studies. Using photons from parametric downconversion, we demonstrate a source of joint polarization and spatial-mode entangle-ment, and characterize the state by tomographic reconstruction. © 2005 Optical Society of America.

Barreiro, JT, Peters, NA, Kwiat, PG, Langford, NK & White, AG 2005, 'Joint polarization and spatial-mode entanglement of photons', Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS), pp. 1109-1111.
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Simultaneous multidimensional entanglement can improve quantum communication protocols, measurements and fundamental studies. Using photons from parametric downconversion, we demonstrate a source of joint polarization and spatial-mode entanglement, and characterize the state by tomographic reconstruction. © 2005 Optical Society of America.

Barrett, BS & Leslie, LM 2005, 'An examination of the quality of the Atlantic tropical cyclone database', 85th AMS Annual Meeting, American Meteorological Society - Combined Preprints, pp. 2357-2360.

Berry, K, Ferguson, J, Cobbin, DM, Zaslawski, CJ, Walsh, SP & Meier, PC 2005, 'Understanding and treating addicition from a TCM perspective', AACMA Annual Conference, Melbourne.

Bezuglyi, S, Dooley, AH & Medynets, K 2005, 'The Rokhlin lemma for homeomorphisms of a cantor set', PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY, AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC, pp. 2957-2964.
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Biady, J, Tao, CZ, O'Brien, B & Simpson, AM 2005, 'Susceptibility of an insulin-secreting liver cell line to the toxic effects of cytokines involved in the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells', Journal of Medicine, Wiley, Melbourne, pp. 1124-1124.

Botten, LC, Byrne, MA, Asatryan, AA, Nicorovici, NA, Norton, AH & McPhedran, RC 2005, 'Modal formulation for plane wave scattering by a photonic crystal slab: Fano resonances', 2005 IEEE LEOS Annual Meeting Conference Proceedings (LEOS), 18th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optical-Society, IEEE, Sydney, AUSTRALIA, pp. 389-390.

Botten, LC, Byrne, MA, Asatryan, AA, Nicorovici, NA, Norton, AH & McPhedran, RC 2005, 'Modal formulation for plane wave scattering by a photonic crystal slab: Fano resonances', Conference Proceedings - Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting-LEOS, pp. 406-407.
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A modal theory of diffraction by planar photonic crystal slabs, based on a multipole-scattering matrix approach, is developed. The theory accurately describes the diffraction problem, providing real insight into the scattering process of Fano resonances. © 2005 IEEE.

Botten, LC, Wilcox, S, de Sterke, CM & McPhedran, RC 2005, 'Exact modelling of the long wavelength properties of the fundamental mode in microstructured optical fibres', BGPP/ACOFT 2005 conference CD of proceedings, BGPP/ACOFT, Optical Society of America, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1-3.

Bruti Liberati, N, Platen, E, Martini, F & Piccardi, M 2005, 'A multi-point distributed random variable accelerator for Monte Carlo simulation in finance', Proceedings of 5th International Conference On Intelligent Systems Design And Applications, International Conference on Intelligent Systems Designs and Applications, IEEE, Wroclaw, Poland, pp. 532-537.
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The pricing and hedging of complex derivative securities via Monte Carlo simulations of stachastic deferential equations constitutes an intensive computational task. To achive real time execution, as often required by financial institutions, one needs highly efficient implementations of the multi-point distributed random variables underlying the simulations. In this paper a fast and flexible dedicated hardware solution is proposed. A comparative performance analysis demonstrates that the hardware solution is bottleneck-free and flexible, and significantly increases the computational efficiency of the software solution.

Butcher, KS, Ferris, JM, Phillips, M, Wintrebert-Fouquet, M, Jong Wah, JW, Jovanovic, N & Vyverman, W 2004, 'A luminescence study of porous diatoms', Materials Science & Engineering C-Biomimetic And Supramolecular Systems, Symposium on Current Trends in Nanoscience - From Materials to Applications held at the EMRS Spring Meeting, Elsevier, Strasbourg, France, pp. 658-663.
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The cathodoluminescent and photoluminescent properties of the nanoporous silica frustules of various diatom strains and of natural diatom samples are presented. The spectra are observed to be similar to that of pure silica glass and the phenology is ther

Chivers, WJ, Gladstone, W & Herbert, RD 2005, 'Spatial effects in an individual-based model of the interaction of species at different trophic levels', Proceedings of MODSIM 2005 Conference, International Congress on Modelling and Simulation, Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand, Canberra.

Ch'ng, E, Tao, CZ, Martin, DK, Lutherborrow, M, Tuch, BE & Simpson, AM 2005, 'Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from an engineered human liver cell line is regulated by the l-type calcium channel', Journal Of Gene Medicine, 4th Meeting of the Australasian-Gene-Therapy-Society, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1131-1131.
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N/A

Chong, Y, Wen, S, Hayes, JL, Hains, PG, King, GK, Kuhn-Nentwig, L & Nicholson, GM 2005, 'Probing phylogenetically distinct spider venoms for potential biopesticides that target insect voltage-gated calcium channels', 7th Asia Pacific Congress on Animal, Plant and Microbial Toxins, Cebu City, Philippines.

Coleman, VA, Tan, HH, Jagadish, C, Kucheyev, SO, Phillips, MR & Zou, J 2004, 'Towards p-type doping of ZnO by ion implantation', PROGRESS IN COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS IV-ELECTRONIC AND OPTOELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS, Symposium on Progress in Compound Semiconductor Materials IV held at the 2004 MRS Fall Meeting, MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC, Boston, MA, pp. 361-366.

Coleman, VA, Tan, HH, Jagadish, C, Kucheyev, SO, Zou, J & Phillips, MR 2005, 'Towards p-type doping of ZnO by ion implantation', Conference Proceedings - Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting-LEOS, pp. 862-863.
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The thermal stability of ion implanted ZnO was investigated. Heavily damaged ZnO decomposes with thermal treatment. This result has significant implications for ion implants into ZnO for p-type doping, and subsequent thermal treatments for activation. © 2005 IEEE.

Coleman, VA, Tan, HH, Jagadish, C, Kucheyev, SO, Zou, J & Phillips, MR 2005, 'Towards p-type doping of ZnO by ion implantation', 2005 IEEE LEOS Annual Meeting Conference Proceedings (LEOS), 18th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optical-Society, IEEE, Sydney, AUSTRALIA, pp. 845-846.

Connally, R, Jin, DY & Piper, J 2005, 'BHHST : An improved lanthanide chelate for time-resolved fluorescence applications', Genetically Engineered and Optical Probes for Biomedical Applications III, Conference on Genetically Engineered and Optical Probes for Biomedical Applications III, SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, San Jose, CA, pp. 93-104.
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Cortie, MB, Xu, X, Chowdhury, HA, Zareie, HM & Smith, G 2004, 'Plasmonic heating of gold nanoparticles and its exploitation', Smart Structures, Devices, and Systems II: Proceedings Of The Society Of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Volume 5649, Conference on Smart Structures, Devices, and Systems II, SPIE, Sydney, Australia, pp. 565-573.
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Nanoscale particles of metals such as gold can interact with light by means of a plasmon resonance, even. though they are much smaller than the wavelengths of visible light. The proportions of light that are absorbed and scattered vary with wavelength. A

Cortie, MB, Zareie, HM, Liu, J, Muller, KH & Ford, M 2004, 'Modelling and verification of the electrical properties of organic dielectric monolayers in capacitive configurations', Proceedings Of The Society Of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Vol 5649, Conference on Smart Structures, Devices, and Systems II, International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE), Sydney, Australia, pp. 316-322.
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The possible role of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) as the dielectric component of nanoscale capacitors is considered. SAMs of two rather different molecules, á,á&PRIME;-p-xylyldithiol (&PRIME; XYL&PRIME;) and dodecanedithiol (&PRIME; C12&P

Daniel, JJ, Dahlstrom, JE, Bean, E, Young, GP & Kohonen-Corish, M 2005, 'Chemopreventive and procarcinogenic effects of Sulindac in mouse models of colorectal cancer.', CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION, 4th Annual Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research, AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH, Baltimore, MD, pp. 2715S-2716S.

De Sterke, M, Botten, L, McPhedran, R, Wilcox, S, Kuhlmey, B & Fussell, D 2005, 'Defect modes in otherwise perfect photonic crystals and photonic crystal fibers', Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, pp. 1-13.
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Many of the applications of photonic crystals and photonic crystal fibers require the periodic structure to have some type of defect. In photonic crystal fibers a point defect defines the fiber core, whereas in photonic crystals a line defect acts as a waveguide, and point defects act as cavities. The modeling of these defects usually either makes use of periodic boundary conditions, by which the defect is replicated periodically, or models a photonic crystal of finite extent. However, some applications, for example the cut-off behavior of a defect mode where the field extends very widely, require methods that can model a defect in an otherwise infinite and perfectly periodic structure. Here we present such a method. It combines the method of fictitious sources with averaging over the Brillouin zone, and we apply it to study the long-wavelength behavior of the fundamental mode of photonic crystal fibers.

Death, A, Lattimore, JDL, McGrath, KCY, Tsatralis, T, Nakhla, S, Wilcox, I & Celermajer, D 2005, 'Repetitive hypoxia decreases matrix metalloproteinase and increases PAI-1 levels in human monocyte derived macrophages', EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL, 27th Congress of the European-Society-of-Cardiology, OXFORD UNIV PRESS, Stockholm, SWEDEN, pp. 296-296.

Dooley, AH 2004, 'The critical dimension: an approach to non-singular entropy', Algebraic and Topological Dynamics, Conference on Algebraic and Topological Dynamics, AMER MATHEMATICAL SOC, Max-Planck Inst, Bonn, GERMANY, pp. 65-76.

Earp, AA, Franklin, J & Smith, G 2005, 'Extraction of trapped light from luminescent solar concentration', Proceedings of the 16th National Congress of the Australian Institute of physics, National Congress of the AIP, Australian Institute of Physics, Canberra, Australia, pp. 104-107.
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In modern light sources such as Luminescent Solar Concentrators (LSC's) and Light Emitting Diodes (LED's), light is emitted within a light-guiding structure of high refractive index. Some of this light is trapped and will not be able to escape. Similar problems are observed when collecting fluorescent radiation in waveguides (1) and scintillation detectors (2). For lighting applications, this trapped light should be ablet o escape the light-guiding structure. In LED's this is commonly achieved witha special profile in the active zone. However, inLSC's the small light-emitting zone is remote from the large light collector so a different approach must betaken. This paper will focus on the extraction of emitted light from rectangular LSc's and propose a way of extracting a large fraction of the trapped light.

Esposito, V, Bac, HL, Fronzi, M & Traversa, E 2005, 'Synthesis, characterization and densification of Samaria Doped Ceria (SDC) ultra-fine powders', ECS Transactions, pp. 35-50.
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Nanometric Samaria 20% mol Doped Ceria (SDC20) powders were synthesized by a co-precipitation method. Nano-sized SDC20 powders (crystal size ∼ 15 nm) were obtained by calcination at 600°C. The powders were formed by uniaxial pressure and then sintered. Sintering procedures were led both conventionally, at 1500°C for different sintering times (1, 5, and 10 h), and by fast firing process at different temperatures (1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, and 1600°C for ∼ 0.1 h). Different microstructures were obtained from the different thermal treatments. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to determine total conductivity and to separate bulk and grain boundary impedance contributions. As expected, densification and electrical properties of the conventionally sintered samples showed to be mainly dependent on the average grain size. On the other hand, for the fast fired samples, lattice diffusion mechanism mainly controlled the densification, boundary arrangement and the resulting microstructures at various temperatures. copyright The Electrochemical Society.

Ferreira, NC, Ferreira, LG, Huete, A, Didan, K & Miura, T 2005, 'A GIS based change detection system for the Amazon forest: Advantages and implications for the environmental monitoring and regional sustainable development', IGARSS 2005: IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Vols 1-8, Proceedings, 25th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2005), IEEE, Seoul, SOUTH KOREA, pp. 3474-3476.

Forbes, SL, Stuart, BH & Dent, BB 2005, 'Chemical characterisation of decomposition products in grave soils', 17th Meeting of the International Association of Forensic Sciences Abstracts, 17th Meeting of the International Association of Forensic Sciences, Hong Kong, pp. 1-1.

Forbes, SL, Stuart, BH, Dent, BB & Dadour, IR 2005, 'Factors affecting the formation of adipocere in soils', Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Science 57th Annual Meeting, AAFS, New Orleans, pp. 1-399.

Freeman, D, Madden, S & Luther-Davies, B 2004, 'Fabrication of photonic crystal membranes in chalcogenide glasses by focused ion beam milling', Commad 04: 2004 Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Materials and Devices, Proceedings, Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Materials and Devices, IEEE, Univ Queensland, Brisbane, AUSTRALIA, pp. 157-160.

Freeman, D, Madden, S, Luther-Davies, B, Grillet, C, Asatryan, AA, Dossou, K, Byrne, MA & Botten, LC 2005, 'Fabrication of photonic crystal membranes in chalcogenide glasses by focused ion beam milling', 2005 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO), VOLS 1-3, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO), OPTICAL SOC AMERICA, Baltimore, MD, pp. 71-+.

Freeman, D, Madden, S, Luther-Davies, B, Grillet, C, Asatryan, AA, Dossou, K, Byrne, MA & Botten, LC 2005, 'Fabrication of photonic crystal membranes in chalcogenide glasses by focused ion beam milling', 2005 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO, pp. 71-73.
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Free-standing films of AMTIR-1 chalcogenide glass have been patterned using a focused ion beam, to produce a photonic crystal. Optical measurements of Fano resonances indicated that the resulting structures had strongly modified guided modes. © 2005 Optical Society of America.

Friolo, KH, Stuart, BH, Ray, AS & Thomas, P 2005, 'Chemical analysis of cementing clays in Sydney's heritage sandstone buildings', Australian Industrial Minerals Conference, Sydney.

Friolo, KH, Stuart, BH, Ray, AS & Thomas, P 2005, 'Infrared spectroscopy of heritage building stones', Proceedings of the 6th Australian Conference on Vibrational Spectroscopy, ACOVS6 Organising Committee, Sydney.

Gibson, T, Bostrom, O, Kullgren, A & Milthorpe, B 2005, 'The mechanisms of early onset C5/C6 soft-tissue neck injury in rear impacts', International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Impact - 2005 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact, Proceedings, pp. 215-228.
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An anatomically based, multi-body model of the C5/C6 motion segment was developed to study soft-tissue neck injury mechanisms in rear impacts. This was integrated into the MADYMO-based van der Horst head and neck model. Responses were compared with volunteer test data up to head restraint impact. Soft-tissue loading was predicted for a series of rear-end vehicle crashes with crash recorders (n=78) and known long-term pain outcomes. Facet capsule shear and impingement injury mechanisms at C5/C6 were demonstrated. Facet capsule loading correlated well with NIC max and was able to predict the risk of AIS1 neck injuries with persisting pain.

Godfrey, CM, Stensrud, DJ & Leslie, LM 2005, 'The influence of improved land surface and soil data on mesoscale model predictions', 85th AMS Annual Meeting, American Meteorological Society - Combined Preprints, pp. 1699-1708.

Godlewski, M, Phillips, MR, Czernecki, R, Targowski, G, Perlin, P, Leszczyński, M, Figge, S & Hommel, D 2005, 'Light emission properties of GaN-based laser diode structures', Acta Physica Polonica A, pp. 675-680.
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Cathodoluminescence is applied for evaluation of in-depth and in-plane variations of light emission from two types of GaN-based laser diode structures. We evaluate in-depth properties of the laser diode emission and demonstrate that potential fluctuations still affect emission of laser diodes for e-beam currents above thresholds for a stimulated emission.

Godlewski, M, Yatsunenko, S, Drozdowicz-Tomsia, K, Goldys, EM, Phillips, MR, Klar, PJ & Heimbrodt, W 2005, 'Dynamics of light emission in CdMnS nanoparticles', Acta Physica Polonica A, pp. 681-688.
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We demonstrate coexistence of slow and fast components of photoluminescence decay of the Mn2+ intra-shell emission in nanoparticles of CdMnS. We explain the observed decrease in PL lifetime of the Mn2+ intra-shell transition by high efficiency of spin dependent magnetic interactions between localized spins of Mn2+ ions and free carriers. This mechanism is enhanced in nanostructures, but it is also present in bulk samples.

Green, PJ, Noad, R & Smart, N 2005, 'Further hidden Markov model cryptanalysis', Cryptographic Hardware And Embedded Systems - CHES 2005, Proceedings, Workshop on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems, Springer-Verlag Berlin, Edinburgh, UK, pp. 61-74.
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We extend the model of Karlof and Wagner for modelling side channel attacks via Input Driven Hidden Markov Models (IDHMM) to the case where not every state corresponds to a single observable symbol. This allows us to examine algorithms where errors in me

Gunning, SJ, Maggio, FJ, Valenzuela, S, Broady, KW, King, GK & Nicholson, GM 2005, 'κ-Atracotoxins: Insect potassium channels blockers that reveal a novel insecticide target', Venoms to Drugs 3, Heron Island, QLD.

Gunning, SJ, Maggio, FJ, Valenzuela, S, Broady, KW, King, GK & Nicholson, GM 2005, 'Selective actions of κ-atracotoxins on insect KCa channels: electrophysiological validation of the insect target and pharmacophore', 7th Asia Pacific Congress on Animal, Plant and Microbial Toxins, Cebu City, Philippines.

Hanen, C & Zinder, Y 2005, 'Scheduling UET-UCT task systems under the out-forest precedence constraints', Proceedings of the 2nd multidisciplinary international conference on scheduling: theory and applications, 2nd Multidisciplinary International Conference on Schduling: theory and applications, New York University, New York, pp. 445-452.
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This paper is concerend with two problems of schduling unit execution time task systems on parallel identical processors wuth unit communication delays and precedence constraints in the form of an out-forest. One problem is the maximum lateness problem with different release times. To the authors' knowledge the presented worst-case analysis of an approximation algorithm, generalising the idea of the classical Garey-Johnson algorithm, is the first result of this type for models with communication delays and different release times, and provides the best currently known performace guarantee for problems with communucation delays and precedence constraints in the form of out-forest. The paper also presents an iterative algorithm, constructing an optimal schedule, for a two-processor system, for the criterion of total completion time, among optimal schedules for the criterion of maximum lateness.

Hanen, C & Zinder, Y 2005, 'The worst-case analysis of the Garey-Johnson algorithm for preemptive tasks on m processors', Proceedings of the 2nd multidisciplinary international conference on scheduling: theory and applications, 2nd Multidisciplinary International Conference on Scheduling: Theory and Applications, Stern School of Business, New York University, New York, pp. 453-470.
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The classical Garey-Johnson algorithm was originally developed for the maximum lateness problem with two parallel identical machines and partially ordered unit execution time tasks, but the main idea of the Garey-Johnson algorithm is applicable far beyond the confines of this particular problem. This paper analyses the worst-case performance of a generalisation of the Garey-Johnson algorithm for the problem with arbitrary number of machines and partially ordered tasks allowing preemptions. The presented performance guarantee is the nest among all currently known for this problem.

Harris, CJ, Torpy, FR & Murray, B 2005, 'Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization Of Plants In Low Nutrient Soils: Are Soil Attributes Important?', Ecological Society of Australia Conference, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane.

Hodgkinson, IJ, De Silva, L & Arnold, MD 2005, 'Inorganic polarizing materials grown by physical vapor deposition', Proceeding of the SPIE 5870, Advances in Thin-Film Coatings for Optical Applications II, SPIE, San Diego, USA, pp. 1-15.

Horvat, JC, Preston, JA, Newcombe, NG, Ferguson, AL, Gibson, PG, Beagley, KW, Foster, PS, Hansbro, PM, Wade, AL & Kaiko, G 2005, 'Neonatal chlamydial infection inhibits the development of allergic airway inflammation in adult mice', INFLAMMATION RESEARCH, BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG, pp. S138-S139.

Horvat, JC, Wade, MA, Preston, JA, Newcombe, NG, Ferguson, AL, Kaiko, G, Gibson, PG, Beagley, KW, Foster, PS & Hansbro, PM 2005, 'Neonatal but not adult chlamydial infection induces the development of allergic airways disease through novel mechanisms involving inflammation of mixed phenotype', TISSUE ANTIGENS, 35th Annual SCientific Meeting of the Australasian-Society-for-Immunology/14th International HLA and Immunogenetics Workshops, BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA, pp. 435-436.

Huete, A, Kim, HJ & Miura, T 2005, 'Scaling dependencies and uncertainties in vegetation index - Biophysical retrievals in heterogeneous environments', IGARSS 2005: IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Vols 1-8, Proceedings, 25th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2005), IEEE, Seoul, SOUTH KOREA, pp. 5029-5032.

Huete, AR 2005, 'Global variability of terrestrial surface properties derived from MODIS visible to thermal-infrared measurements', IGARSS 2005: IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Vols 1-8, Proceedings, 25th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2005), IEEE, Seoul, SOUTH KOREA, pp. 4938-4941.

Hulley, H, Heath, DP & Platen, E 1970, 'A comparative study of performance robustness for equity index models', 4th National Symposium on Financial Mathematics, 4th National Symposium on Financial Mathematics, -, Day Dream Island, Australia.

Hulley, H, Heath, DP & Platen, E 1970, 'A comparative study of performance robustness for equity index models', Mathematics in Finance International Conference, Mathematics in Finance International Conference, -, Kruger National Park, South Africa.

Jin, DY, Connally, R & Piper, J 2005, 'Investigation of UV LED luminescence properties for time-resolved fluorescence biomedical applications', 2005 IEEE LEOS Annual Meeting Conference Proceedings (LEOS), 18th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optical-Society, IEEE, Sydney, AUSTRALIA, pp. 161-162.

Jin, DY, Connally, R & Piper, J 2005, 'Ultra-sensitive time-resolved nanoliter volume fluorometry based on UV LEDs and a channel photomultiplier tube', IMAGING, MANIPULATION, AND ANALYSIS OF BIOMOLECULES AND CELLS: FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS III, Conference on Imaging, Manipulation, and Analysis of Biomolecules and Cells - Fundamentals and Applications III, SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, San Jose, CA, pp. 237-245.
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Kanchanawong, P, Dahlbom, M, Treynor, TP, Reimers, JR, Hush, NS & Boxer, SG 2005, 'Intervalence band stark effects of special pair radical cations in mutant photosynthetic reaction centers with altered hydrogen bonding interactions', BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 49th Annual Meeting of the Biopysical-Society, BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY, Long Beach, CA, pp. 510A-510A.

Karoly, DJ, Leslie, LM, Ren, D & Leplastrier, M 2005, 'The impact of convective parameterization schemes on climate sensitivity', 85th AMS Annual Meeting, American Meteorological Society - Combined Preprints, pp. 2031-2036.

Killen, CP & Ford, M 2005, 'Innovation in Cross-Faculty Education: Engineering and Science', Proceedings of 4th ASEE/AaeE Global Colloquium on Engineering Education, ASEE Global Colloquium of Engineering Education, University of Queensland, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1-10.

Knowles, WR, Toth, M, Thiel, B & Schroemges, R 2005, 'Ion control for optimized imaging with a novel gaseous detector', Microscopy and Microanalysis, pp. 28-29.
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Ku, SY, Murphy, AJ, Walsh, SP & Watsford, ML 2005, 'The effects of acupuncture on recovery in team sport athletes', The Hong Kong Student Conference of Exercise Science, Health and Rehabilitation, The Hong Kong Student Conference of Exercise Science, Health and Rehabilitation, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, pp. 14-14.

Langford, NK, Weinhold, TJ, Pryde, GJ, O'Brien, JL & White, AG 2005, 'Entangling linear optics gates for bell-state analysis and entangled cluster-state generation', Optics InfoBase Conference Papers.
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We implement an entangling gate for photonic qubits that relies on a single interference condition, offering significantly improved gate fidelity, and describe its use for investigating optical cluster states and performing fully resolving Bell measurements. © 2004 Optical Society of America.

Langford, NK, Weinhold, TJ, Pryde, GJ, O'Brien, JL & White, AG 2005, 'Entangling linear optics gates for bell-state analysis and entangled cluster-state generation', Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS), pp. 353-355.
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We implement an entangling gate for photonic qubits that relies on a single interference condition, offering significantly improved gate fidelity, and describe its use for investigating optical cluster states and performing fully resolving Bell measurements. © 2004 Optical Society of America.

Lawandi, J, Tao, CZ, O'Brien, B & Simpson, AM 2005, 'Susceptibility of an insulin-secreting liver cell line to the toxic effects of cytokines involved in the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells', Journal Of Gene Medicine, 4th Meeting of the Australasian-Gene-Therapy-Society, Unknown, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1124-1124.
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N/A

Li, L, Li, Q-F, Guo, E, Liu, E, Cui, X & Xu, X 2005, 'Study on temper embrittlement of phosphorus in steel 12Cr1MoV', Key Engineering Materials, pp. 1183-1188.

Liberati, NB, Platen, E, Martini, F & Piccardi, M 2005, 'An FPGA generator for multipoint distributed random variables', ACM/SIGDA International Symposium on Field Programmable Gate Arrays - FPGA, p. 280.
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Multi-point distributed random variables whose moments match those of a Gaussian random variable up to a certain order play an important role in Monte Carlo simulations of weak approximations of stochastic differential equations. In applications such as finance, where "real time" execution is required, there is a strong need for highly efficient implementations. In this paper a fast and flexible dedicated hardware solution on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is presented. A comparative performance analysis between a software-only and the proposed hardware solution demonstrates that the FPGA solution is bottleneck-free, retains the flexibility of the software solution and significantly increases the computational efficiency.

Liu, L, Gu, H & Xi, Y 2005, 'An iterative algorithm for job shop scheduling based on adjusting due date', Proceedings of the 24th Chinese Control Conference, Vols 1 and 2, 24th Chinese Control Conference, SOUTH CHINA UNIV TECHNOLOGY PRESS, Canton, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 1214-1217.

Maitra, A, Wang, J, Huegel, O, Poulton, C, Leuthold, J & Freude, W 2005, 'All-optical flip-flop based on an active stopband-tapered DFB structure', Optics InfoBase Conference Papers.
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Flip-flop operation with low power threshold in the 50 μW range can be achieved with an active DFB grating having a tapered corrugation amplitude. We simulate bistable switching, and we report on all-optical diode behaviour which might be used for optical isolation. © 2005 Optical Society of America.

Martini, F, Piccardi, M, Bruti Liberati, N & Platen, E 2005, 'A hardware generator for multi-point distributed random variables', 2005 IEEE International Symposium On Circuits And Systems (Iscas), Vols 1-6, Conference Proceedings, International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, IEEE Computer Society Press, Kobe, Japan, pp. 1702-1705.
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Monte Carlo simulation of weak approximations of stochastic differential equations constitutes an intensive computational task. In applications such as finance, for instance, to achieve "real time" execution, as often required, one needs highly efficient implementations of the multi-point distributed random number generator underlying the simulations. In this paper a fast and flexible dedicated hardware solution on a field programmable gate array is presented. A comparative performance analysis between a software-only and the proposed hardware solution demonstrates that the hardware solution is bottleneck-free, retains the flexibility of the software solution and significantly increases the computational efficiency. Moreover, simulations in applications such as economics, insurance, physics, population dynamics, epidemiology, structural mechanics, chemistry and biotechnology can benefit from the obtained speedup.

Matthews, CJ, Cook, FJ, Braddock, RD & Knight, JH 2005, 'Comparing two new transformations for the water content form of richards' equation', Proceedings of the 14th IASTED International Conference on Applied Simulation and Modelling, pp. 186-191.
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This study will present two new transformations that are applied to the water content (θ) form of Richard's Equation: 1) a reference soil transformation and 2) a constant "relative gradient ratio" transformation. The reference soil transformation enables a model to simulate water flow in a given soil in terms of θ for a reference soil. The main advantage of this transformation is that it provides a continuous 6 profile across soil layers. However, the choice of a reference soil could also provide some numerical advantages by, for example, minimising the effect of sharp wetting fronts. An analytical expression will be derived that approximates the effect a transformation has on the gradients within a system. This approximation is based on the notion of relative gradients and will assist in analysing, which reference soils are appropriate for the problem. In addition, the analytical approximation can be used to derive general transformations for partial differential equations (PDEs). For this study, we will derive a constant "relative gradient ratio" transformation that will decrease relative gradients within the system by a constant factor (ε). Using the Method of lines (MOL), numerical solutions will be generated for a test case from the literature for both transformed and non-transformed equations. By comparing these solutions, this paper will analyse whether the new transformations improve the efficiency and/or accuracy of the numerical solution for the test case problem.

Matthews, CJ, Knight, JH, Cook, FJ & Braddock, RD 2005, 'The effect of heat on the diversion length of capillary barriers', MODSIM05 - International Congress on Modelling and Simulation: Advances and Applications for Management and Decision Making, Proceedings, pp. 1772-1778.
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Within the literature, capillary barriers have been suggested as an alternative hydraulic barrier in cover liners for waste dumps. When a waste dump reaches its full capacity, cover liners are usually constructed over the waste mound to seal the waste from the surrounding environment. One main function of a cover liner is to prevent substantial amounts of water infiltrating into the waste material thereby preventing leaching and potentially contamination of the ground water system. A capillary barrier consists of a fine soil overlying a coarse soil, which can impeded infiltrating water at the soil layer interface by capillary forces. Breakthrough into the coarse soil will only occur once enough water has accumulated at the interface to overcome the water-entry pressure of the coarse soil. If a capillary barrier is inclined, water will flow laterally downslope (or upslope) until breakthrough is reached. The length of this lateral flow, parallel to the slope, is known as the diversion length. Additionally, sealed waste can produce a substantial amount of heat due to the decomposing waste material. Therefore, it is important to explore the effect of heat on the performance of capillary barriers. This paper will explore the effect of heat on the diversion length of a capillary barriers by using a numerical model based on the Method of Lines. The model will be used to simulate one-dimensional coupled heat and water flow through a capillary barrier consisting of a Glendale clay loam over Berino fine sand. The domain will be rotated by a given angle and will represent flow through an elongated slope where the edge effects can be ignored. It will be assumed that the underlying waste will generate a constant heat source while the soil surface experiences a constant water flux. Under these conditions, the heat generated by the waste will result in heat and water fluxes moving up the soil profile towards the soil surface opposing the infiltrating water flux. To estimate the...

Matthews, CJ, Knight, JH, Cook, FJ & Braddock, RD 2005, 'Using analytical solutions for homogenous soils to assess numerical solutions for layered soils', MODSIM05 - International Congress on Modelling and Simulation: Advances and Applications for Management and Decision Making, Proceedings, pp. 1279-1285.
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Analytical solutions for non-steady flow are an important aspect of mathematical modeling in all fields of computational science. An analytical solution provides an exact solution for a specific (simplified) test case, which then can be used to test and verify numerical solutions. Within soil physics, there has been a multitude of analytical solutions that model transient flow through one-dimensional homogenous soil profiles under various flow conditions. For homogenous soils, analytical solutions exist for realistic soil types (i.e. non-linear hydraulic functions) and for coupled solute and water transport. However, for layered soils, there has only been one analytical solution for non-steady flow. Even though this solution has been useful for testing numerical schemes, the disadvantages of the solution are 1) it is lengthy, complex and difficult to program; 2) is only valid for a particular form of the hydraulic functions with a constant hydraulic diffusivity (D); and 3) one of the key soil parameters is constant across soil layers. To overcome these limitations, we will use a transformation technique to transform an analytical solution for water flow in a homogenous soil to obtain an analytical solution for an idealized layered soil profile. The idealized analytical solution arises from only transforming part of the solution over a selected segment of the spatial domain. For this study, we examine 1) a linear transformation of the solution variable (θ) and the spatial coordinate system (z) and 2) a non-linear transformation of the solution variable (θ). As a starting point, we will use a simple analytical solution developed by Clothier et al. (1981), which models constant flux infiltration into a field soil: Bungendore fine sand. This soil is a special case since experimentally, it was shown that D is near constant and K is approximately quadratic. Under these properties (1) reduces to the well-known Burgers' equation. Note that under the non-linear transforma...

Mau, B, Darling, AE & Perna, N 2004, 'Identifying Evolutionarily Conserved Segments Among Multiple Divergent And Rearranged Genomes', Comparative Genomics, RECOMB International Workshop on Comparative Genomics, Springer-verlag Berlin, Bertinoro, ITALY, pp. 72-84.
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We describe a new method for reliably identifying conserved segments among genome sequences that have undergone rearrangement, horizontal transfer, and substantial nucleotide-level divergence. A Gibbs-like sampler explores different combinations of seque

McCarty, KM, Houseman, A, Quamruzzaman, Q, Rahman, M, Mahiuddin, G, Smith, T, Ryan, L & Christiani, DC 2005, 'The impact of age and gender on arsenic methylation capacity', AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY, Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and-Biostatistics, OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC, Toronto, CANADA, pp. S30-S30.

McCarty, KM, Houseman, A, Su, L, Quamruzzaman, Q, Rahman, M, Mahiuddin, G, Smith, T, Ryan, L & Christiani, DC 2005, 'Drinking water exposure to arsenic, polymorphisms in GSTT1, GSTM1 and GSTP1 and methylation capacity', EPIDEMIOLOGY, 17th Annual Conference of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Epidemiology, LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA, pp. S113-S113.
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McGrath, KCY & Death, A 2005, 'DHT has proatherogenic effects on human endothelial cells via activation of the proinflammatory NFkB by the androgen receptor', EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL, 27th Congress of the European-Society-of-Cardiology, OXFORD UNIV PRESS, Stockholm, SWEDEN, pp. 542-543.

McPhedran, RC, Dossou, KB, Botten, LC, Asatryan, AA, de Sterke, CM, Chen, S & Brnovic, J 2005, 'Efficient couplers for photonic crystal waveguides', BGPP/ACOFT 2005 conference CD of proceedings, BGPP/ACOFT, Optical Society of America, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1-3.

Messaike, E, Sutisno, M, Torpy, FR & Sztynda, T 2005, 'Ear Biometrics: Mapping the Human Auricle in Asians Residing in the Sydney Region', UTS/RNSH/USYD Scientific Conference, Sydney 2005, Sydney, Australia.

Miller, PF, Peters, BA & Vernon, F 2005, 'A field study on the control of European wasp Vespula germanica (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) and paper wasp Polisted sp. (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) using a novel aqueous powder formulation', Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Urban Pests, Perniagaan Ph'ng @P&Y Design Network, Malaysia, pp. 387-391.

Miller, S & Platen, E 1970, 'Analytic pricing of European contingent claims under the real world measure', 4th National Symposium on Financial Mathematics, -, Day Dream Island, Australia.

Milthorpe, BK, Jones, AC & Knackstedt, MA 2005, 'Micro-CT determination of bone ingrowth into porous bioceramics', Proceedings of the 3rd IASTED International Conference on Biomedical Engineering 2005, pp. 44-47.
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For tissue engineering of bone to be successful, it is essential that the growth of bone into scaffolds be monitored accurately and in three dimensions. Microcomputed tomography is a suitable tool for this application; however, the technology for processing and analysing the images and data are not well developed. This paper examines the use of advanced image processing technology to investigate bone growth into porous bioceramic implants from a sheep model after 4 weeks. Challenges that are overcome include: accurate phase separation despite x-ray adsorption of the ingrowing tissue closely matching that of the scaffold, specifying tissue mineralisation profiles and the development of metrics that can describe in situ scaffold pore analysis and local bone healing parameters.

Mizuno, M, Shang, JK, Rusin, R, Kriven, W & Ben-Nissan, B 2005, 'Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings: Preface', Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings.

Mokkapati, S, Lever, P, Tan, HH, Jagadish, C, McBean, KE & Phillips, MR 2004, 'Selective area epitaxy of InGaAs quantum dots for optoelectronic device integration', Commad 04: 2004 Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Materials and Devices, Proceedings, Conference on Optoelectronic and Microelectronic Materials and Devices, IEEE, Univ Queensland, Brisbane, AUSTRALIA, pp. 273-275.

Mokkapati, S, Wong-Leung, J, Tan, HH, Jagadish, C, McBean, KE & Phillips, MR 2005, 'Controlled nucleation of InAs/GaAs and InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots for optoelectronic device integration', 2005 5th IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology, pp. 411-413.
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We demonstrate that InAs and InGaAs quantum dots can be grown selectively in specific regions of GaAs substrates using selective-area MOCVD. Growth parameters can be controlled to obtain high density (∼1010/ cm2) of defect free quantum dots. Emission spectra from these selectively grown dots are presented and are comparable in linewidth to that from dots grown on unpatterned substrates. We propose that this growth scheme can be used for fabrication of quantum dot lasers integrated with waveguides. ©2005 IEEE.

Notter, SJ, Stuart, BH, Dent, BB & Forbes, SL 2005, 'The effect of acid-base chemistry on the formation of adipocere in grave soils', 17th Meeting of the International Association of Forensic Sciences Abstracts, 17th Meeting of the International Association of Forensic Sciences, Hong Kong.

Oliver, BG, King, NJ, Black, JL, Burgess, JK, Johnson, PR, Baraket, M, Johnston, SL & Lim, S 2005, 'The response of ex vivo rhinovirus infection of alveolar macrophages front asthmatic and non-asthmatic subjects', INFLAMMATION RESEARCH, BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG, pp. S137-S138.

Peters, BA, Miller, PF & Staton, JA 2005, 'A study on a novel personal insect repellent formulation against the mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae), the biting midge (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) and the bush fly (Diptera: Miscidae)', Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Urban Pests, Singapore.

Phillips, M & Morgan, SW 2005, 'Direct Comparison of Various Gaseous Secondary Electron Detectors in the Variable Pressure Scanning Electron Microscope', Proceeding Microscopy and Microanalysis vol 11 (Suppl 2), Microscopy and Microanalysis, Cambridge University Press, Honolulu, Hawaii, pp. 398-399.
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The conventional Everhart-Thornely scintillation-photomultiplier secondary electron (SE) detector cannot function at elevated pressures due to the high voltage (~ +12kV) involved in its operation. As a result, SE imaging in the variable pressure scanning electron microscope (VPSEM) has required the development of a new generation of SE detectors that operate under low vacuum conditions. To date, three different methods have been devised to measure the secondary electron (SE) emission signal in a VPSEM. Each of these approaches involves the excitation of the chamber gas by the placement of a low voltage (< +1000V) positively biased electrode in the vicinity of the specimen. A SE image can be obtained by measuring the current induced in either the positive electrode (the gaseous secondary electron detector) or the grounded stage (the ion current detector) or via a photomultiplier that detects light emission from the gas (the gas luminescence detector). In this work, the performance of each of these three low vacuum SE detector types has been compared under identical operating conditions using a Zeiss Supra 55VPSEM and FEI XL30 ESEM.

Piper, JA, Connally, RE & Jin, DY 2005, 'High-contrast detection of target organisms in highly autofluorescent backgrounds using time-rdesolved techniques', 2005 IEEE LEOS Annual Meeting Conference Proceedings (LEOS), 18th Annual Meeting of the IEEE-Lasers-and-Electro-Optical-Society, IEEE, Sydney, AUSTRALIA, pp. 159-160.
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Platen, E 1970, 'A benchmark approach to finance', Workshop on Stochastic Analysis and Applications in Finance, Workshop on Stochastic Analysis and Applications in Finance, -, Leipzig, Germany.

Platen, E 1970, 'A general benchmark model for stochastic jump sizes', CMA National Research Symposium on Levy Process Theory and its Applications in Finance, -, Canberra, Australia.

Platen, E 1970, 'A unified framework for portfolio optimisation and asset pricing', 49th Annual Meeting of the Australian Mathematical Society, 49th Annual Meeting of the Australian Mathematical Society, -, Perth, Australia.

Platen, E 1970, 'A unified framework for portfolio optimization and asset pricing', Developments in Quantitative Finance, -, Cambridge, UK.

Platen, E 1970, 'Investment for the short and long run', Past, Present and Future in Investment Management, Past, Present and Future in Investment Management, -, Taipei, Taiwan.

Platen, E 1970, 'Investment for the short and long run', Econophysics Colloquium, Econophysics Colloquium Canberra, -, Canberra, Australia.

Platen, E 2005, 'On the role of the growth optimal portfolio in finance', 7th JAFEE International Conference, 7th JAFEE International Conference, -, Tokyo, Japan.

Platen, E 2005, 'On the role of the growth optimal portfolio in finance', Mathematical Finance Workshop, Mathematical Finance Workshop, -, Frankfurt, Gremany.

Platen, E 1970, 'On the role of the growth optimal portfolio in finance', 4th National Symposium on Financial Mathematics, 4th National Symposium on Financial Mathematics, -, Day Dream Island, Australia.

Platen, E 1970, 'Portfolio optimization and derivative pricing in a jump diffusion market', Quantitative Methods in Finance 2005 Conference, Quantitative Methods in Finance 2005 Conference, -, Sydney, Australia.

Platen, E, Hulley, H & Miller, S 1970, 'Benchmarking and fair pricing applied to two market models', Conference on Stochastic Calculus and its Applications to Quantitative finance and Electrical Engineering, Conference on Stochastic Calculus and its Applications to Quantitative finance and Electrical Engineering, -, Calgary, Canada.

Pop, V, Bergveld, HJ, Notten, PHL & Regtien, PPL 2005, 'A real-time evaluation system for a State-of-Charge indication algorithm', Symposium on Metrology and Measurement Applications in the Era of Internet Working 2005, pp. 145-149.
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The known methods of State-of-Charge (SoC) indication in portable applications are not accurate enough under all practical conditions. This paper describes a realtime evaluation LabVIEW system for an SoC algorithm, that calculates the SoC in [%] and also the remaining run-time available under the valid discharge conditions. With the described system the accuracy of the SoC algorithm and its validity can be determined. The final goal of the SoC algorithm is to predict the remaining capacity of the battery and the remaining run-time with an accuracy of 1 minute or better under all realistic user conditions, including a wide variety of load currents and a wide temperature range. The basis of the SoC algorithm is current measurement and integration during charge and discharge state and voltage measurement during equilibrium state. Experimental results show the testing ability of the real-time evaluation system and the effectiveness of the novel approach for improving the accuracy of the SoC indication.

Pop, V, Bergveld, HJ, Notten, PHL & Regtien, PPL 2005, 'Smart and accurate state-of-charge indication in portable applications', Proceedings of the International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, pp. 262-267.
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Accurate State-of-Charge (SoC) and remaining run-time indication for portable devices if important for the user-convenience and to prolong the lifetime of batteries. However, the known methods of SoC indication in portable applications are not accurate enough under all practical conditions. The method presented in this paper aims at designing and testing an SoC indication system capable of predicting the remaining capacity of the battery and the remaining run-time with an accuracy of 1 minute or better under all realistic user conditions, including a wide variety of load currents and a wide temperature range. At the moment Li-ion is the most commonly used battery chemistry in portable applications. Therefore, the focus is on SoC indication for Li-ion batteries. The basis of the proposed algorithm is current measurement and integration during charge and discharge state and voltage measurement during equilibrium state. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the presented novel approach for improving the accuracy of the SoC indication. © 2005 IEEE.

Preston, JA, Horvat, JC, Wade, MA, Beagley, KW, Foster, PS, Gibson, PG & Hansbro, PM 2005, 'Respiratory streptococcus pneumoniae infection decreases key inflammatory responses in a mouse model of asthma', TISSUE ANTIGENS, 35th Annual SCientific Meeting of the Australasian-Society-for-Immunology/14th International HLA and Immunogenetics Workshops, BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA, pp. 516-516.

Pryde, GJ, O'Brien, JL, White, AG, Ralph, TG, Bartlett, SD & Langford, NK 2005, 'Using photonic entanglement in quantum measurements', IQEC, International Quantum Electronics Conference Proceedings, pp. 1526-1527.
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The use of entanglement allows a wide variety of quantum measurements outside the usual case of projective measurement. We describe several experimental photonic quantum measurement results relying on entangled measurement, such as weak measurements.

Ratana, P, Yin, Y, Huete, AR & Jacobson, A 2005, 'Interrelationship among among MODIS vegetation products across an amazon eco-climatic gradient', IGARSS 2005: IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Vols 1-8, Proceedings, 25th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2005), IEEE, Seoul, SOUTH KOREA, pp. 3009-3012.

Roberts, DO & Novikov, A 2005, 'Pricing European and discretely monitored exotic options under the Levy process framework', International Mathematica Symposium 2005, International Mathematic Symposium, Wolfram Research, Perth, Australia, pp. 1-11.
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We shall consider both European and idscretely monitored Exotic options (Bermudan and Discrete Barrier) in a market where the underlying asset follows a Geometric Levy process. First we shall briefly introduce this extended framework, then using the Variance Gamma model we shall show how toprice European Options and then we will proceed to demonstrate the application of the recursive quadrature method to Bermudan and Discrete Barrier Options

Rodgers, KJ, Dunlop, RA & Dean, RT 2005, 'A novel approach to determine the pathways involved in the cellular catabolism of oxidised proteins', FREE RADICAL RESEARCH, 13th Biennial Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Research, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, West Midlands, ENGLAND, pp. S74-S74.

Scanlan, D, Ostrowski, M, Mazard, S, Dufresne, A & Partensky, F 2005, 'GENOMICS OF MARINE SYNECHOCOCCUS', PHYCOLOGIA, INT PHYCOLOGICAL SOC, pp. 91-92.

Schlogl, E 2005, 'Factor distributions and correlations implied by market quotes for synthetic CDO', 4th National Symposium on Financial Mathematics, 4th National Symposium on Financial Mathematics, -, Day Dream Island, Australia.

Schlogl, E 2005, 'Spoken and implied: factor distributions implied by quotes CDO spreads and the pricing of bespoke tranches', Quantitative Methods in Finance 2005 Conference, Quantitative Methods in Finance 2005 Conference, -, Sydney, Australia.

Sedger, LM, Bendall, LJ, Gottlieb, D, Alexander, SI & Osvath, SR 2005, 'A novel mechanism of viral subversion of TNF-R signalling by the poxvirus TNF-R like protein, T2', TISSUE ANTIGENS, 35th Annual SCientific Meeting of the Australasian-Society-for-Immunology/14th International HLA and Immunogenetics Workshops, BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA, pp. 537-538.

Smith, G, Cortie, MB & Maaroof, AI 2005, 'The apparent optical indices of spongy nanoporous gold', Proceedings of the 16th National Congress of the Australian Institute of Physics, National Congress of the AIP, Australian Institute of Physics, Canberra, pp. 177-180.
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Very thin spongy nanoporous gold films have a unique nanostructure and hence unusual properties. Our interest in these materials is also due to their wide range of potential application (1,2). An optical study for such nanostructured films is of fundamental interest for understanding how light interacts with such a spongy nanoporous structure. In general the gold either percolates or is very closely packed. This surface plasmons, and surface plasmon resonant effects, are expected to play a key role given the large surface area of metal and the metal backbone of the nanostructure. The ropological complexity of the nano-void network is also expected to be a major influence. The optical response has, for a metal system, quite unusual dispersion relations for the effective complex refractive index components n*, k*. Once these are better understood new optical engineering possibilities arise. We are not aware of any optical studies for spongy metal film nanostructures apart from a brief preliminary report of our own on one such film 93) whose nanstructure was different to the spongy nanoporous films presented here. We check the internal consistency and physical accpetability of the results with a Kramers-Kronig analysis of the spectrumn of n*, k* values, because of their unusual spectral character.

Solina, DM, Liedke, MO, Tietze, U, Fassbender, J & Schreyer, A 2004, 'Reflectivity characterisation of ion irradiated exchange bias FeMn-FeNi films', JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS, 5th International Symposium on Metallic Multilayers, ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO, pp. 225-228.
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Sollod, B, Gunning, SJ, Wen, S, Nicholson, GM & King, GK 2005, 'Evolution of a dual target, self-synergizing toxin: implications for insecticide and pharmaceutical discovery', Venoms to Drugs 3, Heron Island, QLD.

Stuart, BH, Craft, L, Forbes, SL, Dent, BB & Dadour, IR 2005, 'Adipocere formation studied using FTIR-ATR spectroscopy', 17th Meeting of the International Association of Forensic Sciences, 17th Meeting of the International Association of Forensic Sciences, Hong Kong, pp. 1-1.

Stuart, BH, Forbes, SL, Craft, L & Dent, BB 2005, 'Infrared spectroscopy of adipocere', Proceedings of the 6th Australian Conference on Vibrational Spectroscopy, ACOVS6 Organising Committee, Sydney.

Taylor, AA, Leslie, LM & Stensrud, DJ 2005, 'Forecasts of near-surface variables using a coupled atmosphere-land surface model', 85th AMS Annual Meeting, American Meteorological Society - Combined Preprints, pp. 1667-1672.

Thomson, AF, Melville, DO, Arnold, MD & Blaikie, RJ 2005, 'Fabrication and characterisation of quantised conductance atomic switches', 12th Electronics New Zealand Conference, ENZCON05, Electronics New Zealand Incorporated, Manukau, New Zealand, pp. 13-18.

Tiwari, AM, Servid, AE, Kecskes, MC, Stafford, JM, Moir, JWB, Huston, W, Eady, RR & Andrew, CR 2005, 'Heme coordination chemistry of ferric cytochromes c'.', ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS), AMER CHEMICAL SOC, San Diego, CA, pp. U483-U483.

Tomaszewska-Grzȩda, A, Lojkowski, W, Godlewski, M, Yatsunenko, S, Drozdowicz-Tomsia, K, Goldys, EM & Phillips, MR 2005, 'Growth and characterization of ZnO nanoparticles', Acta Physica Polonica A, pp. 897-902.
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In this work we evaluate structural and optical properties of ZnO nanoparticles grown by wet chemistry method. Light emission properties of these nanoparticles are studied with cathodoluminescence and micro-photoluminescence. Even at the room temperature excitonic emission is well resolved, due to high exciton binding energy of ZnO. Decay kinetics of photoluminescence emissions and efficiency of inter-nanoparticles energy migration is evaluated from maps of in-plane variations of photoluminescence decay times measured in microphotoluminescence setup.

Torpy, FR, Vahdat, H, Campbell, S, Woodland, NB, Gallery, E & Morris, JM 2005, 'Matrix Metalloproteinase Production by Monocytes in Pre-eclampsia', Haematology Society of Australia & New Zealand (HSANZ) Conference, Sydney 2005, Sydney.

Toth, M, Thiel, BL & Knowles, WR 2005, 'Self-regulating charge control for ultra high resolution scanning electron microscopy', Testing, Reliability, and Application of Micro- and Nano-Material Systems III, 3rd Conference on Testing, Reliability, and Application of Micro and Nano-Material Systems, SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, San Diego, CA, pp. 49-59.
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Verbout, SM, Leslie, LM, Brooks, HE, Schultz, D & Karoly, D 2005, 'Tornado outbreaks associated with land-falling tropical cyclones in the Atlantic basin', 85th AMS Annual Meeting, American Meteorological Society - Combined Preprints, pp. 4779-4784.

Wen, S, Wilson, D, Kuruppu, S, Korsinczky, M, Hedrick, J, Pang, L, Szeto, T, Hodgson, WC, Alewood, PF & Nicholson, GM 2005, 'Discovery of an MIT-like atracotoxin family: spider venom peptides that share sequence homology but not pharmacological properties with AVIT family peptides', 7th Asia Pacific Congress on Animal, Plant and Microbial Toxins, Cebu City, Philippines.

White, TP, de Sterke, CM, Botten, LC & McPhedran, RC 2005, 'Very low Fresnel losses in rod-type photonic crystals', BGPP/ACOFT 2005 conference CD of proceedings, BGPP/ACOFT, Optical Society of America, Sydney, Australia, pp. 1-3.

Wilcox, S, Botten, LC, De Martijn Sterke, C, McPhedran, RC, Kuhlmey, BT, Fussell, OP & Tomljenovic-Hanic, S 2005, 'Fundamental mode in index-guided microstructured optical fibers: Long wavelength properties', 2005 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO, pp. 214-216.
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Using a novel computational method, the fundamental mode in index-guided microstructured optical fibers with genuinely infinite cladding is shown to have no cut-off, but its area grows rapidly when the wavelength crosses a transition region. © 2005 Optical Society of America.

Wilcox, S, Botten, LC, de Sterke, CM, McPhedran, RC, Kuhlmey, BT, Fussell, DP & Tomljenovic-Hanic, S 2005, 'Fundamental mode in index-guided microstructured optical fibers: long wavelength properties', 2005 CONFERENCE ON LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO), VOLS 1-3, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO), OPTICAL SOC AMERICA, Baltimore, MD, pp. 214-+.

Wilcox, S, Botten, LC, McPhedran, RC, de Sterke, CM & Poulton, CG 2005, 'Exact modeling of defect modes in photonic crystals', Optics InfoBase Conference Papers.
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An exact model for defect modes in PC devices with infinite cladding is presented. Its accuracy is demonstrated, as is its role in corroborating that the fundamental mode of a conven-tional PCF has no cutoff. © 2005 Optical Society of America.

Wilcox, S, Botten, LC, McPhedran, RC, Martijn De Sterke, C & Poulton, CG 2005, 'Exact modeling of defect modes in photonic crystals', Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS), pp. 711-713.
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An exact model for defect modes in PC devices with infinite cladding is presented. Its accuracy is demonstrated, as is its role in corroborating that the fundamental mode of a conventional PCF has no cutoff. © 2005 Optical Society of America.

Wójcik, A, Kopalko, K, Godlewski, M, Łusakowska, E, Guziewicz, E, Minikayev, R, Paszkowicz, W, Świa̧tek, K, Klepka, M, Jakieła, R, Kiecana, M, Sawicki, M, Dybko, K & Phillips, MR 2005, 'Thin films of ZnO and ZnMnO by atomic layer epitaxy', Optica Applicata, pp. 413-418.
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We discuss properties of thin films of ZnO and ZnMnO grown with atomic layer epitaxy using new, organic zinc and manganese precursors. Several characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, cathodoluminescence, superconducting quantum interfernece device (SQUID) and electron spin resonance, show good topography of the films and their advantageous optical and magnetic properties.

Wuhrer, R, Huggett, PG, Moran, K, Phillips, M & Ben-Nissan, B 2005, 'EBSD and XRM of Phases in Vacuum Cast Composite Alloys', Proceeding Microscopy and Microanalysis Vol 11 (S2), Microscopy and Microanalysis, Cambridge University Press, Honolulu, Hawaii, pp. 1678-1679.
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There have been a number f new processes developed that allow the joining of very dissimilar materials such as titanium alloys, wear resistant white irons, cast irons and ceramic materials to ferrous (mild steel) and non-ferrous (aluminium) alloys. These new processes have allowed the development of more complex composite shapes to be produced. However, with any new process development, an undertsnating of the mechanism of bonding is required. through the use of x-ray mapping (XRM), chemical phase imaging as well as electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) analsysis, very useful information on the mass transport across the interface as well as phase segregation, texture variations and phase distribution within the bond interface can be obtained. results from this investigation on a number of bonded materials are presented and the importance of XRM and EBSD in providing a better understanding of the physical and chemical processes involved in metallurgical bonding/welding of dissimilar materials discussed.

Wuhrer, R, Moran, K, Phillips, M & Davey, P 2005, 'X-ray Mapping using Multiple EDS and WDS Detectors', Proceeding Microscopy and Microanalysis Vol 11 (Suppl2), Microscopy and Microanalysis, Cambridge University Press, Honolulu, USA, pp. 1678-1679.
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High quality x-ray mapping (XRM) has been used for over 30 years by experienced wavelength dispersive spectroscopy (WDS) operators. Manufacturers have been developing similar techniques using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) over the last 20 years. This has been generally unsuccssful due to a number of problems such as poor computer specifications, cost, time to map and generally poor peak to bacjground ratios (P:B). With improvements in all the above parameters EDS mapping is now gaining in popularity.

Zinder, Y 2005, 'Scheduling UET tasks on parallel machines: strength of priority algorithms', Proceedings of the 18th National Conference of the Australian Society for OPerations Research and the 11th Australian Optimisation Day, National Conference of theAustralian Society for Operation Research, Western Australian Centre of Excellence in Industrial Optimisation, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia, pp. 186-191.
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The paper is concerned with the problem of shceduling a partially ordered set of unit execution time tasks on parallel identical machines in ordered to minimise the criterion of maximum lateness which plays one of the central roles in scheduling theory. It is well known that the considered scheduling problem is NP-hard in the strong sense, and therefore various polynormial-time algorithms, developed for this problem are usually schracterised by their worst-case performance. For a broad class of scheduling algorithms, the paper introduces a notion of a strength, characterising their worst-case performance and within this formal framework gives a positive answer to the question of the existence of a strongest algorithm i.e. agorithm with the best worst-case performance.

Zuo, Y, Gu, H & Xi, Y 2005, 'Prioritizing sub-problem in shifting bottleneck procedure for job shop scheduling', PROCEEDINGS OF THE 24TH CHINESE CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2, 24th Chinese Control Conference, SOUTH CHINA UNIV TECHNOLOGY PRESS, Canton, PEOPLES R CHINA, pp. 1195-1198.

Elder, M & Vatter, V 2005, Problems and Conjectures presented at the Third International Conference on Permutation Patterns, University of Florida, March 7-11, 2005.
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We recount problems, questions and conjectures that arose during a problem session of the Third International Conference on Permutation Patterns, University of Florida, March 7-11, 2005.

Bruti Liberati, N & Platen, E 2005, 'On the strong approximation of jump-diffusion processes (QFRC paper #157)'.

Bruti Liberati, N & Platen, E 2005, 'On the strong approximation of pure jump processes (QFRC paper #164)'.
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ISSN 1441-8010 www.business.uts.edu.au/qfrc/research/research_papers/rp164.pdf

Bruti Liberati, N, Martini, F, Piccardi, M & Platen, E 2005, 'A hardware generator of multi-point distributed random numbers for Monte Carlo simulation (QFRC paper #156)'.
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ISSN 1441-8010 www.business.uts.edu.au/qfrc/research/research_papers/rp156.pdf

Bruti-Liberati, N & Platen, E 2005, 'On the Strong Approximation of Pure Jump Processes'.
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This paper constructs strong discrete time approximations for pure jump processes that can be described by stochastic differential equations. Strong approximations based on jump-adapted time discretizations, which produce no discretization bias, are analyzed. The computational complexity of these approximations is proportional to the jump intensity. Furthermore, by exploiting a stochastic expansion for pure jump processes, higher order discrete time approximations, whose computational complexity is not dependent on the jump intensity, are proposed. The strong order of convergence of the resulting schemes is analyzed.

Chiarella, C, Nikitopoulos Sklibosios, C & Schlogl, E 2005, 'A control variate method for Monte Carlo simulations of Heath-Jarrow-Morton with jumps (QFRC paper #167)'.
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ISSN 1441-8010 www.business.uts.edu.au/qfrc/research/research_papers/rp167.pdf

Christensen, MM & Platen, E 2005, 'Sharpe ratio maximization and expected utility when asset prices have jumps (QFRC paper #170)'.
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ISSN 1441-8010 www.business.uts.edu.au/qfrc/research/research_papers/rp170.pdf

Fergusson, KJ & Platen, E 2005, 'On the distributional characterisation of log-returns of a world stock index (QFRC paper #153)'.
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ISSN 1441-8010 www.business.uts.edu.au/qfrc/research/research_papers/rp153.pdf

Heath, DP & Platen, E 2005, 'Currency derivatives under a minimal market model with random scaling (QFRC paper #154)'.
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ISSN 1441-8010 www.business.uts.edu.au/qfrc/research/research_papers/rp154.pdf

Hulley, H, Miller, S & Platen, E 2005, 'Benchmarking and fair pricing applied to two market models (QFRC paper #155)'.
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ISSN 1441-8010 www.business.uts.edu.au/qfrc/research/research_papers/rp155.pdf

Platen, E 2005, 'Investments in the short and long run (QFRC paper #163)'.
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ISSN 1441-8010 www.business.uts.edu.au/qfrc/research/research_papers/rp163.pdf

Platen, E 2005, 'On the role of the growth optimal portfolio in finance (QFRC paper #144)'.
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ISSN 1441-8010 www.business.uts.edu.au/qfrc/research/research_papers/rp144.pdf